the_o pathway_n to_o perfect_v sail_v show_v brief_o the_o six_o principal_a point_n or_o ground_n of_o navigation_n write_a by_o mr._n richard_n polter_n one_o of_o the_o late_a principal_a master_n of_o the_o navy_n royal_a and_o now_o publish_v for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o master_n pilot_n and_o other_o seaman_n whatsoever_o whereunto_o be_v add_v a_o nautical_a discourse_n necessary_a to_o be_v know_v of_o all_o seaman_n to_o prove_v the_o way_n of_o a_o ship_n upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n outward_a and_o homeward_o to_o be_v both_o one_o return_v by_o the_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o meridian_n compass_n and_o also_o to_o prove_v the_o east_n and_o west_n direct_v by_o the_o meridian_n compass_n to_o lead_v in_o a_o magnetical_a parallel_n first_o pen_v by_o john_n basset_z decease_v a_o teacher_n of_o navigation_n at_o chattam_n in_o kent_n and_o now_o put_v forth_o to_o public_a view_n with_o some_o addition_n by_o henry_n bond_n london_n print_v by_o t._n forcet_v for_o george_n hurlock_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v at_o his_o shop_n near_o st._n magnus_n corner_n 1644._o the_o pathway_n to_o perfect_v sail_v show_v the_o six_o principal_a point_n or_o ground_n concern_v navigation_n 1_o the_o card_n 2_o compass_n 3_o tide_n 4_o time_n 5_o wind_z 6_o way_n to_o deliver_v the_o opinion_n concern_v the_o card_n and_o compass_n of_o a_o great_a sort_n of_o sea-matter_n and_o other_o even_o in_o these_o time_n such_o be_v their_o knowledge_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a even_o vain_a and_o frivolous_a that_o i_o will_v not_o spend_v the_o time_n once_o in_o nominate_v any_o such_o their_o knowledge_n but_o will_v procee_v to_o the_o matter_n the_o compass_n to_o be_v rectify_v two_o way_n first_o there_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v two_o way_n for_o a_o man_n far_a knowledge_n that_o the_o compass_n be_v to_o be_v rectify_v as_o fellow_v the_o compass_n be_v say_v to_o be_v rectify_v when_o the_o wire_n be_v set_v right_o under_o the_o flowerdeluce_n for_o the_o flowerdeluce_n and_o his_o opposite_a point_n deliver_v the_o true_a meridian_n also_o the_o compass_n be_v say_v to_o be_v rectify_v when_o the_o wire_n be_v set_v right_o under_o the_o flowerdeluce_n the_o flowerdeluce_n and_o his_o opposite_a point_n deliver_v the_o true_a mutation_n or_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n further_o there_o be_v four_o opinion_n concern_v the_o compass_n which_o four_o opinion_n and_o way_n conceive_v of_o the_o compass_n be_v rectify_v from_o the_o true_a meridian_n that_o it_o be_v presuppose_v to_o lead_v in_o which_o i_o will_v give_v a_o taste_n of_o for_o this_o present_a and_o so_o leave_v they_o to_o more_o convenient_a place_n the_o first_o opinion_n of_o the_o compass_n the_o most_o absurde_a way_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v according_a to_o flat_a cards-used_n in_o navigation_n which_o some_o sort_n of_o man_n and_o the_o great_a number_n hold_v opinion_n that_o the_o compass_n lead_v not_o otherwise_o then_o according_a to_o these_o usual_a plait_n or_o card_n right_o line_v who_o line_n general_o be_v parallel_v each_o to_o other_o and_o that_o the_o east_n and_o west_n of_o the_o compass_n lead_v in_o a_o parallel_n which_o opinion_n be_v absurd_a for_o how_o can_v the_o thing_n that_o be_v false_a deliver_v the_o way_n of_o truth_n as_o hereafter_o follow_v the_o 2_o opinion_n of_o the_o compass_n this_o way_n of_o the_o compass_n in_o deed_n which_o be_v more_o perfect_a than_o the_o former_a according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o astronomer_n be_v call_v the_o astronomical_a deducture_n of_o the_o compass_n and_o by_o other_o sort_n of_o man_n call_v the_o paradoxall_a compass_n because_o the_o lineament_n be_v spirall_n which_o spirall_n line_n by_o some_o be_v call_v helicall_a line_n this_o astronomical_a deducture_n as_o above_o say_v some_o sort_n of_o man_n hold_v to_o be_v principall_a in_o this_o judgement_n the_o meridian_n have_v their_o coartation_n but_o the_o compass_n the_o east_n and_o west_n thereof_o be_v say_v to_o lead_v in_o a_o parallel_n therefore_o though_o near_o the_o truth_n then_o the_o former_a yet_o absurd_a the_o 3_o opinion_n of_o the_o compass_n be_v the_o demonstrature_n of_o the_o compass_n which_o be_v more_o excellent_a than_o the_o two_o former_a be_v know_v aright_o which_o demonstrature_n of_o the_o compass_n some_o sort_n of_o man_n see_v but_o with_o head_n fill_v with_o infirmity_n etc._n etc._n and_o want_v knowledge_n know_v not_o the_o meaning_n thereof_o and_o but_o very_o few_o understand_v the_o goodness_n that_o be_v to_o be_v deliver_v thereby_o yet_o the_o way_n of_o a_o ship_n be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o present_a view_n thereof_o the_o 4_o opinion_n of_o the_o compass_n last_o of_o all_o which_o few_o or_o none_o know_v be_v the_o only_a true_a and_o excellent_a way_n the_o way_n of_o the_o compass_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n never_o yet_o deliver_v by_o any_o nor_o know_v unto_o those_o that_o make_v themselves_o most_o artificiall_a i_o be_o now_o to_o deliver_v my_o reason_n or_o example_n concern_v these_o four_o opinion_n above_o say_v which_o be_v to_o condemn_v the_o small_a knowledge_n opinion_n or_o judgement_n of_o man_n concern_v they_o and_o to_o justify_v and_o maintain_v the_o good_a knowledge_n that_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v deliver_v the_o card_n and_o compass_n handle_v together_o whereas_o before_o i_o have_v deliver_v a_o taste_n of_o the_o four_o opinion_n concern_v the_o compass_n the_o first_o opinion_n rely_v only_o upon_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o card_n therefore_o it_o be_v most_o necessary_a for_o i_o next_o of_o all_o to_o deliver_v the_o absurdity_n of_o the_o card_n or_o to_o lay_v the_o card_n open_a in_o his_o colour_n that_o when_o the_o truth_n thereof_o be_v see_v and_o know_v then_o that_o the_o way_n of_o the_o compass_n according_a to_o the_o card_n use_v in_o navigation_n may_v be_v leave_v and_o a_o more_o true_a way_n take_v how_o of_o etc._n etc._n now_o to_o procee_v as_o follow_v the_o 1_o absurdity_n a_o general_a card_n straight_o or_o right_o line_v as_o it_o be_v represent_v yea_o deliver_v the_o whole_a universal_a world_n at_o the_o view_n thereof_o as_o a_o plain_a flat_a or_o level_n and_o not_o otherwise_o and_o maintain_v a_o scale_n correspondent_a thereunto_o and_o how_o absurd_a this_o delivery_n be_v hereafter_o be_v prove_v the_o 2_o absurdity_n this_o general_a card_n maintain_v a_o compass_n in_o the_o midst_n that_o shall_v extend_v itself_o and_o the_o point_n thereof_o to_o the_o extreme_n of_o the_o card_n and_o so_o deliver_v course_n by_o one_o compass_n to_o sail_v to_o the_o extreme_n of_o the_o world_n deliver_v thereby_o if_o it_o be_v navigable_a even_o to_o any_o part_n thereof_o and_o to_o return_v the_o same_o way_n again_o which_o be_v absurd_a as_o by_o the_o demonstrature_n and_o way_n of_o the_o difference_n follow_v be_v prove_v the_o 3_o absurdity_n this_o card_n will_v direct_v by_o half_a a_o compass_n make_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o card_n over_o the_o whole_a world_n and_o the_o return_n to_o be_v the_o same_o way_n which_o be_v more_o absurd_a the_o 4_o absurdity_n yet_o this_o card_n will_v direct_v far_o that_o be_v by_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o compass_n make_v in_o one_o of_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o card_n over_o the_o whole_a world_n which_o will_v be_v make_v most_o absurd_a and_o monstrous_a by_o the_o ground_n before_o speak_v of_o the_o 5_o absurdity_n this_o card_n also_o maintain_v from_o the_o pole_n themselves_o a_o east_n and_o west_n line_n a_o meridian_n and_o seven_o point_n of_o either_o side_n whereby_o the_o north_n pole_n deliver_v from_o it_o a_o southeast_n quarter_n and_o a_o south-west_n quarter_n and_o the_o south_n pole_n the_o like_a which_o be_v absurd_a my_o reason_n to_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v so_o be_v this_o because_o there_o pass_v no_o line_n imaginary_a from_o the_o pole_n but_o only_o meridian_n according_a to_o the_o sphere_n the_o 6_o absurdity_n this_o card_n also_o maintain_v all_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n therein_o to_o be_v of_o one_o length_n which_o be_v absurd_a for_o parallel_n be_v less_o towards_o the_o pole_n likewise_o y_o card_n justifi_v she_o parallel_n to_o make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o meridian_n even_n to_o the_o pole_n which_o be_v absurd_a for_o parallel_n be_v inferior_a circle_n unto_o the_o meridian_n which_o be_v great_a circle_n therefore_o can_v make_v right_a angle_n with_o they_o the_o 7_o absurdity_n this_o card_n also_o maintain_v all_o meridian_n to_o be_v parallel_n each_o to_o other_o and_o thereby_o make_v a_o polar_n line_n of_o east_n and_o west_n in_o the_o pole_n itself_o as_o long_a as_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o be_v a_o error_n of_o 360_o degree_n or_o 21600_o mile_n which_o be_v most_o
example_n the_o compass_n here_o with_o we_o at_o london_n be_v set_v at_o half_a a_o point_n variation_n eastward_o where_o it_o shall_v be_v 10_o degree_n 38_o minute_n 45_o second_o by_o my_o own_o observation_n which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o year_n 1586._o which_o make_v the_o west_n to_o be_v half_o a_o point_n to_o the_o northward_n of_o the_o west_n therefore_o in_o go_v from_o silly_a which_o be_v in_o latitude_n 50_o degree_n 15_o minute_n or_o there_o about_o west_n by_o the_o compass_n which_o be_v in_o truth_n west_n half_a north_n with_o cape_n race_n in_o newfoundland_n the_o place_n distant_a some_o 600_o league_n from_o other_o cause_v a_o fall_a more_o southerly_a into_o the_o latitude_n 46_o degr_n 30_o minute_n or_o thereabouts_o which_o show_v the_o way_n of_o the_o difference_n to_o rule_v in_o this_o distance_n and_o by_o a_o compass_n rectify_v to_o the_o truemeridian_n that_o be_v a_o compass_n that_o the_o north_n and_o south_n thereof_o deliver_v or_o point_v according_a to_o that_o true_a meridian_n of_o silly_a on_o which_o meridian_n be_v deliver_v the_o arch_n of_o altitude_n or_o almicanter_n of_o the_o sun_n height_n at_o nâ—ne_n by_o which_o or_o such_o compass_n cape_n race_n hear_v from_o silly_a due_a west_n and_o by_o north_n and_o there_o touch_v the_o parallel_n of_o north_n latitude_n 46_o degree_n 30_o minute_n likewise_o touch_v the_o meridian_n in_o longitude_n westward_o from_o silly_a the_o 45_o degree_n 40_o minute_n according_a to_o the_o coart_n of_o the_o meridians_fw-la in_o this_o distance_n and_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n in_o this_o distance_n there_o be_v but_o little_a or_o novariation_n of_o the_o compass_n to_o be_v respect_v for_o the_o compass_n at_o silly_a set_v at_o the_o whole_a variation_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v yet_o in_o sail_v by_o that_o compass_n you_o run_v some_o 400_o league_n before_o the_o north_n and_o south_n point_v thereof_o deliver_v the_o true_a meridian_n and_o in_o sail_v the_o other_o 200_o league_n the_o compass_n be_v vary_v westward_o a_o point_n and_o a_o half_a or_o there_o about_o which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o will_v answer_v the_o variation_n eastward_o as_o before_o so_o that_o in_o this_o distance_n the_o nutation_n of_o the_o compass_n eastward_o &_o westward_o consider_v aright_o be_v as_o nothing_o to_o be_v respect_v but_o the_o one_o set_v against_o the_o other_o as_o by_o the_o example_n follow_v be_v prove_v the_o first_o example_n let_v a_o compass_n be_v rectify_v to_o the_o nutation_n and_o sail_n from_o silly_a therewithal_o to_o cape_n race_n west_n &_o when_o you_o come_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o newfoundland_n you_o shall_v be_v delate_a from_o the_o parallel_n of_o silly_a only_o according_a to_o the_o difference_n and_o not_o otherwise_o the_o second_o example_n let_v the_o compass_n be_v set_v at_o half_a a_o point_n nutation_n as_o most_o common_o it_o be_v and_o sail_n by_o the_o compass_n from_o silly_a west_n with_o cape_n race_n and_o you_o wall_n perforce_o keep_v that_o course_n direct_o fall_v into_o more_o southerly_a latitude_n which_o be_v into_o 46_o degree_n 30_o min._n or_o thereabouts_o according_a to_o the_o difference_n and_o not_o otherwise_o the_o three_o example_n let_v the_o compass_n be_v rectify_v to_o the_o true_a meridian_n and_o sail_v by_o that_o compass_n from_o silly_a west_n with_o cape_n race_n and_o you_o shall_v likewise_o fall_v into_o the_o latitude_n 44_o degr_n or_o thereabouts_o according_a to_o the_o difference_n and_o as_o for_o this_o way_n above_o say_v be_v deliver_v a_o delate_n from_o the_o parallel_n in_o go_v west_n so_o likewise_o in_o return_v east_n from_o thene_n again_o you_o shall_v likewise_o delate_v from_o that_o parallel_n again_o according_a to_o the_o difference_n which_o delivery_n overthrow_v the_o whole_a card._n again_o look_v how_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n rule_v in_o the_o distance_n and_o differedce_n in_o longitude_n as_o aforesaid_a so_o in_o any_o other_o distance_n and_o difference_n in_o longitude_n it_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v respect_v also_o this_o difference_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n be_v the_o ground_n from_o whence_o the_o difference_n be_v deliver_v for_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n so_o that_o you_o see_v this_o way_n upon_o the_o difference_n deliver_v way_n outward_a to_o any_o place_n different_z unto_o the_o way_n homeward_o be_v not_o both_o alike_o as_o by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o north-east_n and_o return_v south-west_n likewise_o of_o the_o northwest_n and_o return_v southeast_n as_o hereafter_o appear_v the_o 1_o part_n of_o the_o 1_o example_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a in_o any_o one_o meridian_n i_o will_v there_o make_v my_o beginning_n of_o longitude_n from_o which_o equator_fw-la and_o meridian_n of_o longitude_n i_o will_v deliver_v the_o line_n of_o inclination_n north-east_n continue_v it_o to_o the_o latitude_n 75_o degr_n 6_o minute_n 14_o second_o according_a to_o the_o difference_n the_o 2_o part_n of_o the_o 1_o example_n the_o line_n of_o the_o north-east_n continue_v to_o the_o latitude_n 75_o degree_n 6_o minute_n 14_o second_o according_a to_o the_o difference_n end_v in_o the_o longitude_n 131_o degree_n from_o the_o first_o reckon_v according_a to_o the_o meridians_fw-la in_o this_o distance_n coart_v the_o 3_o part_n of_o the_o 1._o example_n be_v in_o the_o latitude_n 75_o degree_n 6_o minute_n 14_o second_o and_o in_o the_o longitude_n 131_o degree_n as_o aforesaid_a i_o be_o now_o to_o return_v back_o again_o by_o the_o line_n of_o inclination_n south_n west_n to_o the_o equinoctial_a conclusion_n of_o the_o 1_o example_n be_v return_v to_o the_o equinoctial_a as_o aforesaid_a i_o do_v â—nd_v the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n of_o inclination_n south-west_n homeward_o to_o be_v short_a than_o the_o line_n of_o north-east_n outward_a by_o 130_o league_n and_o i_o be_o in_o longitude_n eastwerd_v from_o the_o first_o place_n on_o the_o equinoctial_a 70_o league_n therefore_o the_o way_n out_o and_o home_n not_o all_o one_o another_o example_n north_n latitude_n 50_o degree_n i_o sail_v northwest_n 50_o league_n at_o the_o 50_o league_n end_n i_o have_v alter_v my_o longitude_n from_o the_o first_o 2_o degree_n 38_o minute_n and_o my_o latitude_n 1_o degree_n 40_o minute_n i_o return_v back_o again_o southeast_n 50_o league_n and_o be_v return_v i_o find_v myself_o in_o less_o longitude_n or_o westward_o from_o the_o first_o 3_o minute_n and_o in_o latitude_n more_o than_o the_o first_o 6_o minute_n another_o example_n in_o the_o north_n latitude_n 60_o degree_n i_o sail_v northwest_n 50_o league_n at_o this_o sagment_n end_n my_o longitude_n from_o the_o first_o be_v 3_o degree_n 30_o minute_n and_o latitude_n from_o the_o first_o 1_o degree_n 50_o minute_n i_o return_v back_o again_o southeast_n 50_o league_n and_o be_v return_v i_o find_v myself_o in_o less_o longitude_n or_o westward_o from_o the_o first_o 5_o minute_n and_o in_o latitude_n more_o than_o the_o first_o 10_o minute_n and_o for_o the_o more_o confute_v of_o the_o way_n out_o and_o home_n to_o be_v all_o one_o and_o the_o more_o justify_v the_o delate_n from_o the_o parallel_n to_o be_v true_a i_o will_v deliver_v some_o more_o example_n upon_o the_o east_n for_o a_o sagment_n of_o 20_o league_n in_o the_o latitude_n 51_o degree_n 30_o minute_n and_o 75_o degree_n deliver_v the_o horizontall_a distance_n between_o the_o east_n according_a as_o be_v say_v to_o lead_v in_o a_o parallel_n and_o the_o way_n of_o the_o east_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n as_o follow_v in_o latitude_n 51_o deg_fw-la 30_o minute_n my_o first_o place_n from_o any_o one_o meridian_n of_o longitude_n i_o take_v a_o sagment_n of_o the_o parallel_n in_o this_o latitude_n of_o 20_o league_n presuppose_v by_o some_o to_o be_v east_n from_o the_o first_o place_n and_o again_o i_o do_v depart_v from_o my_o first_o place_n of_o be_v 20_o league_n eastward_o according_a to_o the_o difference_n now_o at_o this_o 20_o league_n end_n i_o be_o delate_a from_o the_o parallel_n according_a to_o the_o way_n upon_o the_o difference_n which_o make_v my_o place_n now_o of_o be_v to_o hear_v from_o the_o first_o place_n two_o azimuthe_n and_o 〈◊〉_d more_o southerly_a as_o for_o example_n to_o explain_v it_o more_o brief_o i_o imagine_v one_o line_n from_o the_o first_o place_n east_n according_a to_o the_o parallel_n 20_o league_n imagine_v another_o line_n from_o the_o first_o place_n east_n by_o the_o compass_n according_a to_o the_o way_n upon_o the_o difference_n now_o the_o horizontall_a distance_n between_o these_o two_o line_n at_o 20_o league_n end_n from_o the_o first_o place_n shall_v be_v as_o before_o two_o azimuth_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o latitude_n 75_o my_o first_o
of_o the_o time_n for_o this_o present_a concern_v the_o wind_n according_a to_o experience_n difference_n or_o diversity_n of_o wind_n i_o have_v see_v at_o sea_n in_o some_o calm_a day_n in_o summer_n time_n among_o divers_a ship_n be_v of_o one_o fleet_v so_o that_o some_o six_o of_o they_o or_o more_o have_v all_o have_v contrary_a wind_n till_o the_o wind_n be_v settle_v likewise_o in_o summer_n time_n i_o have_v know_v in_o place_n of_o small_a distance_n as_o at_o hambrough_n the_o wind_n at_o west_n south_n west_n so_o much_o wind_n that_o we_o have_v rid_v with_o our_o topmast_n down_o and_o at_o lee_n the_o very_a same_o time_n the_o ship_n then_o bind_v for_o hambrough_n have_v asmuch_o wind_n by_o report_n at_o east_n north_n east_n but_o both_o those_o wind_n continue_v not_o long_o and_o between_o which_o wind_v no_o doubt_n it_o be_v calm_a for_o the_o time_n also_o in_o winter_n time_n i_o have_v see_v it_o often_o in_o be_v at_o sea_n the_o wind_n be_v at_o south_n 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