Selected quad for the lemma: truth_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
truth_n heart_n spirit_n word_n 8,255 5 4.2520 3 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A81826 Of the right of churches and of the magistrates power over them. Wherein is further made out 1. the nullity and vanity of ecclesiasticall power (of ex-communicating, deposing, and making lawes) independent from the power of magistracy. 2. The absurdity of the distinctions of power and lawes into ecclesiasticall and civil, spirituall and temporall. 3. That these distinctions have introduced the mystery of iniquity into the world, and alwayes disunited the minds and affections of Christians and brethren. 4. That those reformers who have stood for a jurisdiction distinct from that of the magistrate, have unawares strenghthened [sic] the mystery of iniquity. / By Lewis du Moulin Professour of History in the Vniversity of Oxford. Du Moulin, Lewis, 1606-1680. 1658 (1658) Wing D2544; Thomason E2115_1; ESTC R212665 195,819 444

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head_n of_o the_o church_n we_o proceed_v to_o examine_v what_o the_o river_n assembly_n say_v that_o jesus_n christ_n have_v institute_v this_o ecclesiastical_a ●…sdiction_n as_o king_n and_o head_n of_o his_o church_n mr._n gillespie_n one_o of_o their_o body_n and_o therefore_o the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o their_o meaning_n say_v in_o his_o 2._o book_n chap._n 5._o that_o jesus_n christ_n have_v two_o kingdom_n 1._o a_o general_a as_o he_o be_v the_o eternal_a son_n of_o god_n the_o head_n of_o all_o principality_n &_o power_n reign_v over_o all_o creature_n 2._o a_o particular_a kingdom_n as_o he_o be_v mediator_n reign_v over_o the_o church_n only_o by_o which_o church_n he_o understand_v a_o visible_a church_n of_o saint_n combine_v in_o such_o a_o body_n as_o be_v the_o church_n of_o scotland_n enjoy_v the_o ordinance_n and_o the_o discipline_n of_o christ_n and_o of_o this_o kingdom_n he_o understand_v matth._n 16._o v._n 28._o there_o be_v some_o stand_n here_o which_o 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or_o of_o ●n●ther_n and_o eternal_a gos●ell_n write_v some_o ●…ndred_n year_n a_o go_v by_o the_o friar_n beside_o a_o book_n full_a of_o he_z casumme_n and_o slander_n and_o wound_v the_o interest_n of_o jesus_n christ_n on_o the_o contrary_a other_o commend_v the_o book_n both_o for_o the_o matter_n and_o the_o way_n of_o handle_v it_o and_o for_o the_o christian_a moderation_n that_o the_o author_n observe_v enrough_a the_o whole_a work_n equal_o respect_v and_o honour_v those_o he_o assent_v to_o and_o those_o he_o dissent_v from_o the_o late_a since_o they_o have_v know_v i_o by_o my_o work_n have_v have_v more_o christian_a converse_n with_o i_o by_o letter_n and_o otherwise_o but_o the_o other_o except_o they_o be_v my_o noble_a and_o old_a friend_n do_v flee_v from_o i_o since_o as_o from_o a_o heathen_a and_o a_o publican_n and_o a_o excommunicate_v person_n only_o for_o deny_v excommunication_n to_o be_v a_o ordinance_n of_o christ_n yea_o so_o far_o that_o a_o reverend_a person_n protest_v to_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o that_o he_o will_v not_o come_v in_o the_o company_n where_o i_o shall_v be_v i_o thank_v god_n i_o can_v find_v in_o my_o heart_n to_o value_n and_o honour_v any_o one_o more_o or_o less_o for_o love_v i_o either_o better_o or_o worse_o for_o my_o book_n sake_n so_o that_o i_o find_v godliness_n and_o sincerity_n shine_v in_o they_o though_o in_o some_o with_o much_o prejudice_n i_o pardon_v they_o their_o uncharitable_a and_o somewhat_o rash_a censure_n both_o of_o the_o work_n and_o the_o author_n the_o lord_n know_v my_o heart_n that_o in_o deliver_v what_o i_o do_v and_o now_o do_v in_o this_o present_a work_n i_o look_v upon_o father_n brother_n kinsman_n english_a french_a scot_n dutch_a calvin_n independent_o presbyterian_o erastians_n with_o a_o indifferent_a and_o unpartial_a eye_n not_o seek_v to_o close_v with_o any_o of_o they_o or_o fear_v to_o dissent_v from_o they_o nor_o so_o much_o as_o take_v notice_n whether_o i_o please_v any_o body_n or_o no_o body_n so_o that_o i_o may_v abstain_v from_o know_a error_n and_o sin_n and_o deliver_v that_o which_o to_o i_o be_v truth_n and_o tend_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o ministry_n to_o the_o root_n out_o of_o the_o church_n of_o god_n all_o power_n that_o be_v none_o of_o christ_n to_o the_o unsettle_v the_o romish_a hierarchy_n which_o have_v now_o no_o long_o any_o plausible_a plea_n from_o scripture_n and_o reason_n for_o their_o set_n up_o a_o empire_n within_o the_o dominion_n of_o other_o and_o last_o conduce_v to_o the_o build_n up_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o jesus_n christ_n in_o many_o man_n heart_n and_o make_v it_o appear_v to_o be_v whole_o internal_a and_o s●…rituall_a and_o only_o over_o those_o that_o be_v convince_v and_o persuade_v by_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n in_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o word_n the_o lord_n persuade_v his_o people_n of_o this_o truth_n as_o i_o myself_o and_o i_o hope_v right_o be_o persuade_v and_o inform_v undeceive_v they_o that_o he_o may_v have_v all_o the_o glory_n by_o their_o endeavour_v with_o one_o accord_n to_o preserve_v save_v truth_n by_o this_o truth_n finis_fw-la
church_n will_v there_o be_v even_o 33._o for_o so_o many_o be_v overcome_v but_o shall_v all_o these_o 33._o king_n be_v subdue_v these_o 33._o church_n will_v cease_v to_o be_v independent_a on_o each_o other_o and_o in_o stead_n of_o 33._o church_n depend_v each_o on_o their_o magistrate_n one_o national_a church_n shall_v be_v mould_v of_o the_o same_o extent_n of_o power_n as_o the_o magistrate_n that_o rule_v over_o they_o chapter_n xxii_o that_o the_o great_a opposer_n of_o the_o dissent_v brethren_n namely_o salmasius_n amyraldus_n and_o other_o have_v lay_v down_o the_o same_o ground_n for_o the_o right_n and_o power_n of_o particular_a church_n and_o so_o confute_v rather_o their_o own_o fancy_n then_o invalidate_v the_o tenet_n of_o the_o brethren_n the_o question_n whether_o rome_n be_v a_o true_a church_n brief_o resolve_v that_o amesius_n and_o john_n mestrezat_n late_o minister_v of_o paris_n in_o their_o writing_n have_v hold_v the_o power_n of_o private_a church_n to_o be_v independent_a from_o any_o church-judicatory_a the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v now_o a_o little_a more_o calm_a and_o not_o so_o eager_a either_o at_o home_n or_o abroad_o and_o the_o quarrel_n not_o so_o fierce_a with_o the_o independent_o as_o it_o bathe_v be_v these_o 15._o year_n i_o have_v myself_o be_v a_o poor_a instrument_n to_o disabuse_v some_o of_o my_o countryman_n who_o partly_o by_o their_o misunderstanding_n pait_o by_o the_o false_a report_n and_o ill_a will_n of_o the_o common_a enemy_n to_o all_o goodness_n &_o good_a man_n be_v possess_v of_o very_o harsh_a opinion_n and_o conceit_n of_o they_o &_o pass_v a_o strange_a censure_n upon_o they_o as_o enemy_n to_o all_o order_n and_o discipline_n and_o man_n of_o dangerous_a and_o pernicious_a tenet_n to_o all_o humane_a society_n the_o very_a child_n among_o they_o do_v question_n whether_o they_o be_v shape_v like_o other_o man_n amyraldus_n make_v a_o great_a book_n of_o invective_n against_o they_o and_o turn_v they_o into_o sodomite_n frantic_v and_o enemy_n of_o all_o order_n and_o discipline_n salmasi●s_n and_o maiesius_n be_v no_o less_o bitter_a against_o they_o a_o national_a synod_n net_n at_o charenton_n where_o amyraldus_n have_v a_o stand_a but_o no_o vote_n condemn_v they_o but_o as_o this_o synod_n condemn_v they_o as_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n do_v the_o lutheran_n before_o they_o hear_v they_o so_o do_v all_o these_o author_n i_o have_v name_v fall_n upon_o they_o without_o mercy_n before_o they_o have_v any_o particular_a knowledge_n of_o they_o or_o any_o certain_a information_n of_o their_o suppose_a pernicious_a manner_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o those_o very_a man_n that_o write_v so_o much_o against_o they_o as_o they_o refute_v rather_o their_o own_o fancy_n than_o any_o thing_n those_o they_o call_v independent_o believe_v so_o they_o do_v handle_v this_o matter_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o power_n of_o the_o church_n and_o that_o of_o the_o magistrate_n over_o it_o much_o to_o the_o advantage_n of_o those_o that_o they_o make_v as_o black_a as_o they_o can_v namely_o amyraldus_n in_o declare_v both_o his_o own_o sense_n and_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_a church_n next_o to_o the_o apostle_n have_v lay_v the_o same_o groundwork_n for_o the_o parity_n and_o independency_n of_o church_n as_o the_o reverend_a brethren_n dissent_v from_o the_o assembly_n of_o divine_n have_v do_v he_o allege_v vignier_n a_o french_a author_n write_v above_o 70._o year_n ago_o high_o value_v as_o the_o true_a historiographer_n that_o ever_o put_v pen_n to_o paper_n by_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o pious_a prelate_n dr._n usher_n in_o his_o ecclesiastical_a history_n relate_v the_o opinion_n of_o irenaeus_n eusebius_n and_o nicephorus_n concern_v the_o state_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n soon_o after_o the_o apostle_n the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n in_o this_o age_n be_v almost_o democraticall_a for_o every_o church_n have_v equal_a power_n to_o teach_v the_o word_n of_o god_n to_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n to_o absolve_v and_o excommunicate_v heretic_n and_o those_o that_o lead_v a_o d'ssolute_a life_n to_o elect_v to_o call_v and_o to_o ordain_v minister_n to_o depose_v they_o when_o occasion_n require_v to_o erect_v school_n to_o call_v synod_n to_o ask_v the_o opinion_n of_o other_o upon_o doubt_n and_o controver_n sie_fw-la i_o find_v the_o centuriator_n of_o magdeburg_n cent_n ●_o cap_n 7._o to_o have_v these_o or_o equivalent_a word_n with_o little_a difference_n but_o that_o they_o write_v in_o latin_a and_o vignier_n in_o french_a here_o than_o we_o may_v see_v our_o brethren_n sense_n 1._o that_o every_o particular_a church_n be_v independent_a free_a to_o govern_v itself_o and_o to_o exercise_v all_o church_n act_n not_o reject_v a_o consociation_n with_o other_o church_n but_o such_o as_o equal_n have_v among_o themselves_o 2._o for_o the_o power_n of_o synod_n they_o acknowledge_v none_o nor_o judicial_a authority_n only_o a_o liberty_n to_o admonish_v advise_v and_o counsel_n in_o the_o 8._o chapter_n he_o have_v a_o long_a passage_n whereof_o the_o drift_n be_v 1._o that_o particular_a church_n be_v no_o less_o free_a asunder_o than_o province_n and_o town_n before_o they_o join_v in_o a_o confederation_n 2._o that_o all_o aggregation_n and_o consociation_n be_v as_o free_v for_o church_n as_o for_o free_a town_n or_o city_n 3._o that_o a_o particular_a church_n for_o example_n that_o of_o saumur_n consider_v as_o not_o unite_v by_o any_o voluntary_a confederacy_n to_o other_o church_n owe_v the_o same_o duty_n of_o respect_n to_o the_o order_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n of_o leyden_n heydelberg_n and_o basil_n as_o to_o to_o those_o of_o paris_n or_o roven_n 4._o that_o the_o power_n of_o synod_n over_o church_n be_v of_o the_o same_o humane_a and_o civil_a right_n with_o the_o power_n of_o a_o judicial_a senatover_n city_n and_o town_n pag._n 144._o he_o have_v these_o word_n the_o church_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n have_v some_o thing_n that_o seem_v common_a and_o they_o may_v be_v almost_o alike_o manage_v both_o by_o ecclesiast_fw-la call_v assembly_n and_o by_o the_o pow●r_n of_o the_o magistrate_n how_o do_v this_o agree_v with_o what_o we_o have_v hear_v he_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o horrible_a confusion_n for_o the_o church_n and_o state_n to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o same_o man_n pag._n 198._o and_o 199._o he_o speak_v of_o the_o authority_n of_o synod_n in_o the_o language_n of_o our_o brethren_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o mere_a authority_n of_o council_n ought_v not_o to_o move_v we_o to_o receive_v a_o point_n of_o religion_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a motive_n and_o ground_n but_o we_o have_v he_o very_o express_o teach_v his_o scholar_n and_o auditor_n at_o saumur_n that_o the_o appellation_n of_o a_o true_a visible_a church_n do_v proper_o belong_v to_o a_o particular_a church_n i_o shall_v cite_v his_o word_n disp_n de_fw-fr ecclesiae_fw-la nomine_fw-la &_o definitione_n thes_n 28._o in_o english_a i_o know_v that_o a_o communion_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o confederation_n of_o many_o the_o like_a society_n which_o be_v associate_v either_o by_o the_o same_o use_n of_o tongue_n or_o the_o same_o form_n of_o commonwealth_n or_o else_o by_o the_o same_o government_n and_o discipline_n be_v call_v a_o particular_a church_n thus_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o french_a english_a and_o german_a church_n as_o of_o particular_a church_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o that_o universal_a society_n of_o christian_n which_o comprehend_v all_o nation_n that_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o christian_n but_o as_o we_o say_v before_o the_o word_n church_n be_v not_o proper_a to_o the_o society_n of_o all_o christian_n as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o particular_a assembly_n of_o christian_n so_o that_o consequent_o we_o say_v that_o the_o word_n church_n be_v not_o to_o be_v say_v in_o the_o like_a manner_n of_o a_o consociation_n of_o many_o particular_a church_n let_v then_o that_o communion_n which_o be_v between_o the_o church_n of_o france_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o church_n and_o that_o the_o church_n be_v a_o confederation_n of_o many_o church_n for_o if_o take_v according_a to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n st._n paul_n call_v the_o several_a particular_a church_n which_o be_v in_o achaia_n not_o by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o church_n of_o achaia_n or_o the_o achaean_n church_n but_o of_o the_o church_n of_o achaia_n a_o passage_n very_o considerable_a which_o force_n of_o turth_o have_v draw_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o great_a enemy_n to_o the_o brethren_n for_o their_o great_a advocate_n can_v not_o say_v more_o in_o justification_n of_o what_o they_o have_v always_o urge_v about_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o church_n but_o can_v never_o be_v hear_v till_o of_o late_a viz._n
per_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la confoederatam_fw-la qualis_fw-la retinebatur_fw-la in_o ecclesia_fw-la judaica_n sub_fw-la regibus_fw-la idololatris_fw-la tantum_n abest_fw-la ut_fw-la invid●am_fw-la placare_fw-la velim_fw-la virtute_fw-la &_o defension_n huius_fw-la veritatis_fw-la relictis_fw-la aut_fw-la i_o incoepti_fw-la poeniteat_fw-la ut_fw-la constitutum_fw-la sit_fw-la si_fw-la vita_fw-la superstes_fw-la ulterius_fw-la porrigere_fw-la &_o edocere_fw-la nunquam_fw-la argumentis_fw-la &_o rationibus_fw-la cogentibus_fw-la hierarchiam_fw-la romanam_fw-la cum_fw-la toto_fw-la mysterio_fw-la iniquitatis_fw-la debellatum_fw-la iri_fw-la ut_fw-la nec_fw-la potestatem_fw-la excommunicandi_fw-la &_o solio_fw-la deturbandi_fw-la reges_fw-la à_fw-la protestantibus_fw-la &_o reformatis_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la ipsi_fw-la retinebunt_fw-la potestatem_fw-la ecclesiasticam_fw-la in_o summa_fw-la rei_fw-la eandem_fw-la quae_fw-la romana_fw-la est_fw-la contra_fw-la vero_fw-la principiis_fw-la nostris_fw-la de_fw-la natura_fw-la potestatis_fw-la juris_fw-la imperi●_n legis_fw-la &_o fori_fw-la tum_fw-la interni_fw-la tum_fw-la externi_fw-la intellectis_fw-la &_o receptis_fw-la &_o excommunicatione_n probata_fw-la &_o posita_fw-la inter_fw-la figmenta_fw-la humana_fw-la minimus_fw-la impulsu_fw-la corruet_fw-la mole_n mysterii_fw-la in●quitatis_fw-la nullis_fw-la tibicinibus_fw-la supportata_fw-la quos_fw-la tamen_fw-la tantillum_fw-la sustinendae_fw-la supponunt_fw-la nostri_fw-la sva_fw-la potestate_fw-la ecclesiastica_fw-la &_o excemmunicatione_n &_o hac_fw-la ratione_fw-la non_fw-la nisi_fw-la molliter_fw-la neque_fw-la armis_fw-la decretoriis_fw-la &_o jugulum_fw-la petentibus_fw-la argumenta_fw-la bellarmini_fw-la &_o stapletoni_n impugnant_fw-la nam_fw-la rogo_fw-la si_fw-la licet_fw-la excommunicare_fw-la privatum_fw-la cur_n non_fw-la &_o regem_fw-la si_fw-mi privatus_fw-la excommunicatus_fw-la ultimo_fw-la judicio_fw-la scu_fw-la presbyterii_fw-la seu_fw-la synodi_fw-la debet_fw-la illius_fw-la stare_v judicio_fw-la nec_fw-la light_n movere_fw-la sed_fw-la expectare_fw-la deum_fw-la vindicem_fw-la cur_n idem_fw-la rex_fw-la praestare_fw-la non_fw-la debeat_fw-la à_fw-la presbyterio_fw-la communione_fw-la aut_fw-la coetu_fw-la pulsus_fw-la si_fw-mi rex_fw-la sic_fw-la potest_fw-la excommunicari_fw-la à_fw-la presbyterio_fw-la ut_fw-la ejus_fw-la consortium_fw-la cuique_fw-la fugere_fw-la debeat_fw-la anon_o eadem_fw-la pene_fw-la est_fw-la censura_fw-la quae_fw-la solio_fw-la dejiceret_fw-la quatenus_fw-la jam_fw-la in_o nullum_fw-la usum_fw-la solium_fw-la occupet_fw-la traditum_fw-la satanae_n mancipium_fw-la quod_fw-la pro_fw-la christiano_n magistratu_fw-la subditus_fw-la ulterius_fw-la non_fw-la agnoscat_fw-la non_fw-la colloquatur_fw-la ei_fw-la non_fw-la supplicet_fw-la at_o nullo_n negotio_fw-la haec_fw-la deliramenta_fw-la evertit_fw-la parae●eseos_fw-la nostrae_fw-la pars_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d dum_fw-la docet_fw-la tum_fw-la potestatem_fw-la pastorum_fw-la ac_fw-la proinde_fw-la paparum_fw-la in_fw-la volentes_fw-la tantum_fw-la esse_fw-la &_o quibus_fw-la persuaserint_fw-la tum_fw-la nullum_fw-la judicium_fw-la nullam_fw-la legem_fw-la nullam_fw-la sententiam_fw-la à_fw-la qu●quam_fw-la in_o quenquam_fw-la latam_fw-la validam_fw-la esse_fw-la nisi_fw-la ratam_fw-la à_fw-la potestate_fw-la externa_fw-la cogent●_n &_o ad_fw-la quam_fw-la fiat_fw-la provocatio_fw-la verum_fw-la enimvero_fw-la siquae_fw-la pastoribus_fw-la in_o foro_fw-la externo_fw-la datur_fw-la potestas_fw-la judiciaria_fw-la cum_fw-la scriptura_fw-la ad_fw-la literam_fw-la loquatur_fw-la de_fw-la potestate_fw-la maxima_fw-la quae_fw-la coelum_fw-la claud●t_fw-la &_o recludit_fw-la cujus_fw-la actus_fw-la interni_fw-la quicunque_fw-la d●mum_fw-la ●lli_fw-la fuerint_fw-la rati_fw-la habeantur_fw-la in_o coelis_fw-la contra_fw-la quam_fw-la ne_fw-la quidem_fw-la porte_fw-fr ●…f●rni_fw-la praevalebunt_fw-la supra_fw-la qua_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la aed●fi●ata_fw-la si_fw-la quae_fw-la inquam_fw-la potestas_fw-la judiciaria_fw-la ad●udic●nda_fw-la sit_fw-la pastor●bus_fw-la plane_n modus_fw-la ejus_fw-la habitus_fw-la à_fw-la pap●s_fw-la &_o clero_fw-la romano_n ma●orem_fw-la invemet_fw-la fidem_fw-la quam_fw-la modulus_fw-la à_fw-la presbyterianis_fw-la retentus_fw-la hac_fw-la via_fw-la omnino_fw-la procedendum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la evertendum_fw-la antichristum_n non_fw-la impugnando_fw-la ceassos_fw-la errores_fw-la de_fw-la purgatorio_fw-la coel●batu_n transubstantiatione_n ciborum_fw-la abstinentia_fw-la pveris_fw-la notos_fw-la &_o obvios_fw-la qui_fw-la tamen_fw-la sub_fw-la umbra_fw-la potestatis_fw-la ●cclesiasticae_fw-la ortum_fw-la &_o auctum_fw-la acceperunt_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la dubitandum_fw-la jam_fw-la tempore_fw-la pauli_n non_fw-la orsam_fw-la fu●sse_fw-la aed●ficationem_fw-la impertii_fw-la ●n_fw-la imperio_fw-la quod_fw-la imperii_fw-la aedificandi_fw-la mol●men_fw-la fuit_fw-la g●…uinum_fw-la iniquitatis_fw-la mysterium_fw-la quoaque_fw-la cave_n credas_fw-la aliis_fw-la fulcris_fw-la supportatum_fw-la f●…sse_fw-la quam_fw-la excommunicatione_n &_o potestate_fw-la ecclesiastica_fw-la long_o lateque_fw-la porrecta_fw-la &_o in_o omnes_fw-la nationes_fw-la reges_fw-la homines_fw-la causas_fw-la &_o res_fw-la vendicata_fw-la &_o habita_fw-la id_fw-la thematis_fw-la vir_fw-la magne_fw-la tibi_fw-la ultro_fw-la suggero_fw-la in_fw-la quod_fw-la prolixius_fw-la &_o felicius_fw-la commenteris_fw-la id_fw-la dum_fw-la animo_fw-la agitabis_fw-la cape_n corollarium_fw-la ad_fw-la nostram_fw-la paraenesim_n hanc_fw-la &_o illud_fw-la juxta_fw-la tuo_fw-la judicio_fw-la subjicit_fw-la tibi_fw-la addictissimus_fw-la l._n molinaeus_n datum_n oxoniae_fw-la 3_o non._n maia_n 1657._o soon_o after_o i_o have_v this_o answer_n in_o french_a sir_n i_o have_v receive_v in_o due_a time_n the_o letter_n and_o book_n which_o you_o have_v honour_v i_o with_o i_o have_v read_v both_o 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