rest you may guesse by the small Palms THis is the Orthographie both within and without drawne out of the Ichnographie afore set downe whereby you may conceaue the great masse waight which should heue stood vpon the foure Archee which waight may giue any wise workeman matter to consider that it had bane futer to set it vpon the ground and not in the ayre vpon such a height and therefore I counsell all workemen rather to be doubtfull them too rash for if hee bee doubtfull he will make his worke surer and not despise another mans counsell which doing hee shall seldome faile but if hee be rash and stout hee will not take any other mous aduise but will trust only to his own inuention wherby oftentimes his worke doeth him more shame then honestie therefore I conclude that stoutnes proocéedeth from presumption and presumption from small vnderstanding and I say that doubtfulnesse or bashfulnesse is a vertue making a man to thinke hea knoweth little although his vnderstaÌ„ding be great the measute of this worke is to be found by the aforesayd small Palme THis ground set vnder this is also an inuention of Bramant thought it was neuer made which agréed with the old worke that part which is marked with B. is S. Peters Church in Montorio without Rome and that part marked with A. is an old Cloyster but that part in the nuddle Bramant ordayned thereby to helpe himselfe with the old worke the place marked C. signifieth a Gallery with foure Chappels in the corners The place B. standeth vnder the ayre the part marked E. is a litle Temple which the said Bramant made the measures whereof shal be shewed in much greater forme in the leafe ensuing I haue said nothing touching the measure of the ground but I haue set this here onely forthe inuention IN the last side I promised to shew Bramants Temple in greater forme which is not very great but was onely made an remembrance of S. Peter the Apostle for it to said that hee was crucified in that place the sayd Temple is to bee measured by the old Romane scote which foote is sixtéene shâ—gâ—â—s and euery finger is foure minutes whereof also you shall finde the measure by the Romane Palme augmenting the said â—oure fingers The Diameter of this Temple is of flue and twenty foote and two and twenty minutes The widenesse oâ— the walke round about the Temple is seuen foote the thickenesse of the Columnes are one foote and 25 minutes The widenesse of the Doore is thrée foote and a halfe The Quadrants with the roundels within which goe round about the Temple shew the Laturary of the Temple aboue the Columnes the thicknesse of the wall is fiue foote the rest of the other measures you may conceaue by the first The helfe of the Romane foote THis is the said Temple standing vp which sheweth the one halfe without and the other halfe within and is made altogether after the Dorica as you sée by the Figure I will not speake of the particular measures for by the ground you may conceaue this which stoods vpright for that this though it be small is set downe by the measures thereof and from the great reouced into the small NOw I haue shewed the outside of S. Peters Temple in this I will shew the innermost part which is made with such proportion that the workeman by the widenesse of the ground may finde all the measures and although that this Temple sheweth too high for the bredth for that it is thought and shewed to be as high as it is broad Notwithstanding by the opennesse of the windowes and the Nichens or Chappels that are in it the height thereof is not amisse and especially by meanes of the double Cornices which goe round about and couer much of the height together with the Proiecture the Temple sheweth much more as it is The halfe of the Romane foote wherewith this foresayd Temple was measured THis Building is w thout Rome at S. Sebastians and is all fallen downe to the ground especially the walks about but the Building in the middle because it is very sure worke is yet whole and is made of Bricke you sée no ornaments in it at all it is darke because it hath no light but at the Doore and aboue the foure hollow places in the wall some small Windowes The ground of this worke is measured with the old Romish Palme and the lengths with the bredths are measured with coodes and euery roode is ten Palmes First the walke or Gallery marked A. is 49. roodes and 3. Palmes the other two longer are 56. roodes and 3. Palmes the bredth of the walkes is 32. Palmes the thicknesse of the corner Pillars with all their members is 12. Palmes by the which measures you may conceaue the rest Touching the Building in the middle the place B. is vncouered and is in length 7. roodes and 6. Palmes the bredth is 3. roodes and 4. Palmes the part marked C. is couered and containeth 4. roodes in foure square The foure Pilasters are ten Palmes thicke the thickenesse of the wall round about the round Building is 24. Palmes the place marked E. is roost and that part in the middle is a masse which beareth the roofe in the middle whereof there is an opening and this masse is beautified with many hollow seates in it which stand right and accompany those that stand in the wall touching the heights because of the brokennesse I measured it not and especially because there was no beautifulnesse of Building THis Theater Augustus made in the name of Marcellus his Nephew and therefore it was called Marcellus Theater it standeth within Rome you may at this day see part of it standing vpright that is part of the Galleries without it is onely of two rules that is Dorica and Ionica a worke in truth that is much commended although the Doricall Columnes haue no Bases nor any Cinete or Proiecture vnder them but stand playnely without any thing vnder vpon the slat ground of the Gallery Touching the ground of this Theater men could not well conceaue it but not long since the great Patrician of Rome going to make a house the scituation whereof was to be set vpon part of the Theater this house was made by one Balthasar of Sienna an excellent workman and as he caused the foundation to be digged there were found many reliques of diuers Cornices of this Theater and a great part of the same Theater was discouered whereby Balthasar concerted the whole forme thereof and measured it with great circumspection placing it in the forme following my selfe being at that time in Rome saw many of the Cornices and found friendship to measure them and in truth there I found as excellent formes as euer I saw in any old Ruins and most in the Capitals of Dorica and also in the imposts of the Arches which me thinks agrée well with the doctrine of Vitruuius Likewise the Freese Trigliphen and
learned how to make it before you make the solide body thereof as this figure sheweth which is the same that is before shewed both forme and measure but all the lines which cannot outwardly be séene are hidden and there is as much difference betweene an open body and a solide as there is betwéene the modell of a mans body that is nothing but bones without flesh and skinne and a lining body of a man couered ouer with flesh although it is hidden vnder it And as those Paynters are much perfecter that haue séene and perfectly beheld right Anatomies then others that onely content themselues with the outward bare shew of the Superficies so it is with Perspectiue workes for they that wel vnderstand and perfectly beare in minde the hidden lines they shall better vnderstand the At to then others that content themselues only with that shew of outward Superficies It is very true that when a man hath sufficiently experimented practised and beareth in his mind these inward hidden lines then helping himselfs with the principall hee may makâ— many perfect things without vsing all this labour FOr these thrée figures following euery one is drawne out of the fouresquare in such manner as I haue taught befores and they goe all three to eue Horison or paynt as they should do or as need â—â—quireth by the which figures any man may helpe himselfe in many things as I haue further declared and he that is perfect in these may make all kinde of round formes and without knowing of these hee can doe little in round forâ—â—es For out of these figures you may draw a round Solude or Piramidall Building with Pillars or without Pillars and also a round winding paire of Stayers for this Figure will shew you how to make the Stayers round with other things more and yet not without your owne industry for the things that by these may be made are wonderfull and infinite so that you ware not weary and spare no paynes till you are perfect in them because that the bowing or Arches of gates and other things will seeme hard vnto you as I will hereafter shew you notwithstanding that they take their beginning altogether from these But if any man that desireth to learne this Arte will at the first vnderstand these figures as some bluntly will take vpon him to doe it I beleeue certainely he will bee put to an non plus and deceaue himselfe but if by learning all the former things he proceedeth vnto these as well in Geometrie as in Perspectiue Arte Then I say he is of a very grosse vnderstanding if he cannot vnderstand or conceaue these figures or the figures that hereafter follow These three figures to speake trueth are but Superficies neuerthelesse if you draw Perpendicular lines from all the terminations as well within as without then you shall haue a through cutting or open body and the innermost lines couered then they will be a Massy body And wonder not gentle Reader nor let it be strange vnto you though I doe sometimes make a long discourse of some things for as I sayd before they are not only learned by many words and great paines but it is also necessary that they were shewed vnto some men playnety by drawing them before them that they may the better conceaue them THE most pare of great Riuers or water-falles that fall downe from high Hils or Mountains by meanes of tempests with great force and power when they enter into a Valley then sometimes they â—yn out of their Channel and so much grouÌ„d as they then vsurpe vpon on the enâ— side so much they lose againe on the other side and so doeth Perspectiue worke in cornerd things for that no much as a man loseth of the poynt or corner whereon he looketh so much greater the other point or coruer sheweth that standeth out which is shewed to in the Figures hereunto auered The Reader must then marke that the square in the middle signifieth the thickenesse of a fouresquare Columne or Pillar and the bordee that is without and goeth about it signifieth the thicknesse or bearing out of the Bases and the Capital The Figure vnder this platforme is the Base and the vppermost Figure is the Capitall the manner how to shorâ—â—n them I will shew you You must make the Pillar â—â—at before without thicknes and vpon it you shall forme the Bases and Capital making the Proiecture or bearing out thereof on either side alike but you must draw them lightly as the prickes hereâ—n set towne ode shew you then draw the side of the Pillar which you will haue séene towards the Horisen and hauing found how thicke the decreasing or shortening side must bee by the ruled that are shewed in the first part of Perspectiue work so you shal haue the shortening ground of the Pillar wherein you must lightly drawe the two Diagonall lines long inough through and from the Bases below which is same in the shortening you must draw a line towards the Horison which you shall also let goe downe or sincke so farre till it reacheth benesath the Diagonall lines and there shall be the terminations of the shortening Bases and thus you sée that the Perspectiuenes taketh somewhat oft from them that is the space betwéene the poynts and the full blacke line then from the terminations to the other vttermost poynt of the Bases you must drawe a Paralel line vnder the ground of the Pillars so long that it may touch the Diagonal lines and there you shall finde that which is taken of from the Bases on the one side and giuen to them on the other side and the Proiecture of the Bases sheweth that the one poynt is drowne inwards and the other commeth further out then the vppermost line of the Bases being also to the Horison then vpon the shortening fide by a line you finde the third parte of the Bases below and that which is hâ—re spoken of the Bases you must vnderstand the same also of the Capitals THE other thrée Figures are the same which are shewed before the first were hollow but these are perfect and solide with all their members and although that in the Figures before I haue not shewed how you should forme and frame these members which in trueth would be a very confused and troublesome thing to set dewne in writing therefore I haue only shewed the first terminations that a man may kéepe them well in his memory and in these present Figures I haue shewed how they show in a mans sight that you may sée the effect that they worke but from henceforward because as I said before it is a troublesome thing I will make another forme of them with all their members by darke lines and then according to my abilitie I will set downe the manner how to finde the terminations of the members oen after another for all of them grow a little one oner or more then the other But you must consider that these Bases and
with M. The third part of the foresayd Ell of 60. minutes IN Dalmatia there is an ancient town called Pola lying by the Sea side wherin you may sée a great part of a Theatre in the making whereof the expert workeman did helpe himselfe with the hill whereon it standeth vsing the hill for part of the degrées or steps to goe vp and in the playne below he made the Orchestra Scene and other buildings belonging to such a piece of worke And in trueth the tuines and the pieces which are yet at this day found doe shew that it was a most beautifull and sumptuous piece of worke of stone and workemanship besides this there you may sée a great number of Columnes some standing alone others with Pilasters and some Corners with foure square Pillars and some halfe round all bound together and well wrought after the Corinthia for the whole work both without and within was made after the Corinthia manner This Building was measured with a moderne or vsuall sâ—â—te which foote is deuided into twelue parts named ounces whereof the one halfe hereafter followeth The Figure hereafter following sheweth the Ichnographie and also the Profill of the Theatre whereof this is the measure the widenesse of the Orche â—ra which is halfe a Circle is in Diameter about 130. foote the degrees or steps round about with the two wayes or stréetes are of 70. foot the way marked T. comes euen with the plaine of the Pulpit of the Scene to the fouretéenth step The widenesse of the Porticus round about the Theatre is 15. foote and the sides of the Pillars inward is of 17. foot a halfe but the fore-rancke of the Pillars round about the Gallery together with the Columnes holdeth about five foot in bredth and from the one Pilaster to the other it is about 10. foot wide and this is touching the ground of this Theater The two greatest Quadrans marked O. are the Hospitalia from the which places men went into the entry or passing through marked T. which comes by to the street halfe way to the steps as you may perceiue by the Profill marked T. and vnder the going through is part of the going in The Hospitalia is flue and fourtie foote the bredth of the Scene is 21 foot the bredth of the Porticus or Gallery before is 27 foote and the length is like the house the Building which standeth aboue the ground of the Theatre signifieth the Profill which is cut through the sides of the Theatre The Arch marked with A. signifieth the going in the second Arch C. and B. are vnder the steps the Cornice besides marked with D. is the impost of the Arches there néded no going vp to this Theatre for the hill aforesayd eased the workeman therein and men might also got vp to the Theatre from the Scene because it was ioyned to the sayd Theatre but the Theatre of Marcellus is seperated from the Scene and therfore the goings vp were necessary This is the halfe foote of measure whereby this Theatre was measured with all the ornaments THis Theater as I haue sayd was very rich of ornaments all of stone and made of Corinthia worke very well and richly wrought and by as much as is séene by the ruines which lie scattering about the Scene was very beautifull of Columnes vpon Columnes both double and single and also in the innermost and outtermost parts with diuers ornaments of Doores and Windowes The innermost part of the Building is much ruinated and touching the measures I can say little but of the outtermost parts I will say somewhat of their measures The first a rusticall or clounish order wherein there is no Columnes is eleuated from the earth together with the whole Cornice marked E. about 16. foote the height of the first Pedestall is flue foote the height of the Columnes with the Bases and Capitals is 22. foot the thickenesse of the Pillars with the Columnes is 5. foote the thicknesse of the Columnes alone is two foote and a halfe the widenesse of the Arches is about ten foote and their height twenty foots the height of the Architraue Freese and Cornice is about flue foote the second Pedestall marked X. is of foure foote and a halfe the height of those Columnes are about sixtéene foot the Architraue Fréese and Cornice is foure foot high I set not downe the measures of the particular members but in the Figure you may conceaue them for they are iust of the same proportion I set not downe the measure of the Scene nor of the other parts within onely I haue here set foorth a part of the Porticus of the Scene which is marked P. And also the Cornice Fréese and Architraue marked F. was in the highest thereof the Capitals marked S. stoode within with some halfe round Columnes raysed out of some Pilasters things that were very well wrought all which things as I sayd before are so sumptuous both for stone and workemanship as they may well be compared with those of Rome the Cornice Fréese and Architraue marked A. was in the highest part of the Theatre the Cornice marked B. is the impost of the second Arch the Architraue Fréese and Cornice marked C. is the Cornice aboue the first Arch the Cornice marked D. is the impost of the Arch the Cornice marked with E. goeth aboue the rusticall basement round about the Building this line hereunder is halfe a foote â—f the whole foote wherewith this Building was measured And wonder not gentle Reader that I set not downe all the measures more precisely for these things of Pola were measured by one that had more vnderstaÌ„ding in casting then in measuring The halfe foote whereby this is measured AT Ferenten an old Towne lying by Veterben there is yet to bee séene the forme of a Theatre much decayed being of no great workemanship and lesse ornaments for any thing a man may perceaue by the same for there are no pieces to be seene whereby a man may conceyt any matter of importance But you may yet sée in the Porticus going from the Theatre there were foure square Pillars also the Stayres thereof were very simple and playne and because it is so much decayed you can hardly discerne how they stood The Scene of this Theatre is much different from others as you may sée in the ground thereof neither is there so much standing aboue ground that a man may perceaue how the Scene and the Pulpit thereof stood This ground was measured by the ancient foote and first speaking of the Orchestra A. which is halfe a Circle the Diameter thereof is 141. foot and a halfe long The body of the Theatre that is from the Orchestra to the outtermost of the Corner Pillars of the Porticus is 35. foot the Pillars of the corner on eyther side is 5. foote broad the entry of the Porticus on the side of the Scene is 8. foote the vault vnder the Stayres is 22. foote the thickenesse of
the Wall about the Orchestra is 3. foote and a halfe the Hospitalia marked X. is in length 40. foot and a halfe and in bredth 30. foote the widenesse of the Porticus about the Theatre is 11. foote the Pillars are thicke and broad 3. foote and 3. quarters the widenesse of the Arch is 9. foote the iust bredth of the Orchestra marked B. is 20. foote the place of the Pulpit C. is in length 40. foote and a halfe but the bredth is 12. foote the going through is 9. foote The place marked D. should be the Porticus behind the Scene yet there is no shew of any Columnes but it sheweth that there was a wall standing by the water side The bredth of this place is 19. foot and a halfe Without this Theatre there standeth the foundation of two Buildings but they are so much decayed that you can find no end of them neuerthelesse the Building marked F. for as much as you see of it sheweth that it was ioyned to other things The widenesse wherein the F. standeth is 31. foote The 2. small places or stancies holding vp the one side are eyght foot and a halfe and on the other side ten foot and a halfe The Arches where the foure Columnes stand which I take be made in that manner are in length 27. foot and a halfe and in bredth ten foot and a halfe The bredth of the Building marked E. is twenty foot the hollow places in the sides are 17. foote the length of all together is 60. foote and is distant from the Theatre one hundred and one and fortie foot and from the other Building seuentie foote and a halfe The halfe of the olde foote THE Figure vnder this marked A. I thinke to haue bene the Scene of a Theatre it standeth betwéene Fondi and Torracina but there is so little to be séene of the Theatre that I measured it not neither did I measure this part of the Scene which is more decayed then it sheweth here but as I fote on horse-back I made a slight draught thereof The Doore marked B. standeth at Spoletâ— and is very olde made after the Dorica maner which likewise I did not measure but made onely the inuention and forme thereof The Gate marked C. is betweene Foligus and Rome out in the stréet and although it séeme a licentious and vnséemely thing that the Arch should breake the passage of the Architraue Fréese and Cornice yet neuerthelesse the inuention disliked mee not I measured onely the bredth and the lâ—nâ—th the which I found to bee eighteene foote and one and twenty foote and a halfe I thinke it had béene a small Temple or a Sepulchre but be what it will it sheweth well to a mans sight IT is sayd that this building was called Porticus of Pompeo others say that it was the house of Mario but it is called by the Common people Cacabario which building as farre as I can learne was onely made for men to ease themselues in for there is no dwelling in it at all and although this building at this day is almost decayed yet it was very great and contayned many places as you sée by many houses of this building which are found in the earth Where the Line standeth is now the way to goe from Campo Floro to the Iewes place and where the Crosse is now the houses of Sancta Crose stand where G. staÌ„ds is the Iewes place where the M. standeth bee the Marcellarii where the C. standeth is the Churchâ—yard of S. Saluatorie and where the E. ie cut through is the Fore-front of the houses of Celsis so that thereby you may see the great compas thereof The thrée round things were Stayres to goe vp to the two emptie Roundles And for that there is no shew of Stayres to be séene in those two it is to bee conceaued that they were open places to make water in for such things are necessary The ground of this worke is measured by the same Ell that the Theater of Marcellus was measured withall which measure you you shall finde here after the Obiliscen and halfe an Ell shal be thirty minutes And first the thicknesse of the Pilasters is thrée Elles and a halfe the thicknesse of the Columnes is two Elles the Intercolumnes are on all sides nine Elles and a halfe the Pilasters of the foure Corners are so much more theÌ„ the outermost Corners stand ouer them which Corners were made with good iudgement for they vphold the Corner by strength and with beauty of worke Hereby workemen may learne how to make Corners with Columnes and with Pilasters bound together that the Corner may also be foure square as the Columne is which giueth the Corner more fastnesse then if the same Corner were drawne along the Pilaster and for the Corners which are drawne in if you see them ouer the side in Diagonall maner where the two round Columnes couer the Corner then they will séeme vnperfit Corners and specially because they are séene on all sides TOuching the Ichnographie I haue sayd inough now I must speake something of the forme aboue the ground although there is not much thereof to be séene neuerthelesse there is yet so much standing vpright although it be hidden that thereby the backe part therof without is to be conceaued which in trueth is an ingenious inuention for a fast worke and especially in the first order which you call Dorica although it hath neyther Architraue Trigliph nor Cornice But yet there is the forme and that very subtilly made with great strength and fayre Building as well of hard stone as of Bricks as you may sée in the Figure following The thickenesse and bredth are shewed before the height of the Columnes with Bases and Capitals seuentéene Elles and the height of the Arches fiftéene Elles The height of the Cunco that is the shutting stone aboue the Arch is 2. Elles the height of the binding which is in stead of an Architraue is 2. Elles and so much is the Facie aboue it The second order séemeth vnsupportable for that there is a waight of Pilasters standing aboue an open hole a thing which in trueth is false erronious to speake in reason Neuerthelesse for that the first Order is so fast and strong by meanes of the shutting stone aboue in the Arch as also with the crosse stone vpon it with the fast Facie vpon that and by reason of the good shoulders of the Arch which altogether shew to be such a strength as in effect it is that the Pilasters that rest vpon it séeme not to oppresse the worke as they would if it were a simple Arch with an Architraue Fréese and Cornice for which cause I blame not this inuention therein The widenesse of this Arch is 4. Elles the height is nine Elles the bredth of the Pilasters is two Elles and an halfe the thicknesse of the Columnes is an Ell and a sixt part in Diameter the height of the Columnes is eleuen Elles
and an eyght part with Bases and Capitals and are made after the Corinthia manner The height of the Architraue Fréese and Cornice is two Elles and thrée quarters Although I can giue no particular measures of this Cornice Fréese and Architraue because such things are not to be séene yet there is onely so much wall that thereby a man may conceaue the Freeses Cornices and Architraue The third part of the Ell wherewith this is measured AMong other faire Antiquities in Rome there are two Columnes of Marble all cut full of Histories very good imbust worke The one is called Antonianas Columne the other Traians Columne and for that Traians Columne is the wholest I will speake somewhat thereof This Columne as men say the Emperour Traian caused to be made which is all of Marble and made of many pieces but so closely iorned together that they séeme to bee all one piece and to giue the particular measure thereof I will begin at the foots of the Basement thereof And first the degrée or step in the first rest is thrée Palmes high the Plinthus of the Base is a Palme and eyght minutes high the carued or grauen Base is as much the flat of the Basement is 12. Palmes and sixe minutes high the grauen Cornice is a Palme and an halfe high The place where the Feston hangeth in is two Palmes and ten minutes high the whole Base of the Columnes is sixe Palmes and 28. minutes and is deuided in this manner the Plinthus where the Eagle standeth vpon one corner but you must imagine that there is one at euery corner is thrée Palmes and ten minutes high the Thorus aboue it is thrée Palmes and eyght minutes high the Cincte is ten minutes high The height of the Columne that is the body is 18. Palmes and 9. minutes the Astragall with the Quadrants or lists vnder the Echine is 10. minutes The height of the Echine is 2. Palmes and 2. minutes the height of the Abacus is 2. Palmes 11. minutes about vpon this Columne there is a Pedestal of a round forme through the which men crept froÌ„ the winding Stayres and may goe easily round about because the plaine ground thereof is 2. Palmes and a halfe broad the height of this Pedestall is 11. Palmes but the Base is two Palmes and the Cornice aboue is a Palme high The Crowne aboue the Pedestall is thrée Palmes and a halfe high the thickenesse of this Pedestall is 12. Palmes and ten minutes the thickenesse of the Columne aboue is 14. Palmes and the thicknesse below is 16. Palmes the roundnesse marked A. in flat forme sheweth the thicknesse aboue and the Circle marked B. is the thicknesse below The vndenesse of the winding Stayres is 3. Palmes and the Spill foure Palmes The bredth of the Basement is 24. Palmes and 6. minutes in the which space are cut two Compartements wherein is contained an Epitaph vnder which many Trophees are cut and in the Epitaph are these letters hereunder written S. P. Q. R. IMP. CAESARI DIVINERVAE F. NERVAE TRAIANO AVG. GERMANIC DACICO PONT MAX. TRIB POT XVII COS. VI. PP AD DECLARANDVM QVANTAE ALTITVDINIS MONS ET LOCVS SIT EGESIVS This Columne is histographied with excellent good cut worke and drawne along with Berries it is also flinted in Doricall manner in the flintings the Figures are made in such sort that rising vp or bearing out of the Figure the forme of the Columnes and flinting is nothing disparaged betwéene which Figures there stand some Windowes which giue light to the winding Stayres and although the said Windowes are placed orderly yet they hinder not the Historie at all and yet they are 44. in number and I will shew the whole Columne in the Figure following but these are the members thereof openly written and set downe All these members are measured with the olde Romane Palme as you find it before vpon the round I Haue before sufficiently spoken of the bredth of Traians Columne and of the particular maner thereof now I will shew the whole Columne proportioned as it is So then the Columne marked with T. representeth Traians Columne but from whence the Obelisces spring or procéede and how they were brought to Rome and to what end they serue I will not speake of for that Pliny declareth it at large onely I will set the measure here and shew the forme of some things which I haue séene and measured within Rome And first the Obelisce marked O. is without the Capena and is all grauen and cut with Egyptian letters the thicknesse thereof in the foote is ten Palmes and a halfe the height is 80. Palmes and this onely was measured with the ancient Palme but the other thrée by it were measured by a moderne or vsuall Ell of 60. minutes whereof the line that is betwéene the Obelisces is the halfe and is deuided into 30 parts The Obelisce marked P. standeth in Vaticano that is at S. Peters and is of Egyptian stone in the top whereof they say the Ashes of the Emperour Gaius Caesar stand the thicknesse thereof below is 4. Elles and 42. minutes the height is 42. Elles and a halfe the part aboue is thrée Elles and foure minutes thicke and vnder at the foote standeth these letters DIVI CAESARI DIVI IVLII F. AVGVSTO TI. CAESARI DIVI AVGVSTI F. AVGVSTO SACRVM The Obelisce marked Q. lyeth at S. Rochus broken in the middle of the stréet in thrée pieces and 〈◊〉 say likewise there lyeth buried in the earth a Ladie called A lâ— Augusta the thickenesse beneath of the said Obelisce on each Facie is two Elles and 24. minutes the height is 26. Elles and 24. minutes the thickenesse aboue holdeth an Ell and 35. minutes the Basement was all of one piece and the Obelisce marked R. is in circo Antonino Caracalla and is broken as you sée in the forme The thickenes of the Obelisce is two Elles and 25. minutes below and aboue one Ell and 33. minutes the height is 28. Elles and 16. minutes and all the Pedestals are proportioned thereafter And although paraduenture there are more of them in Rome which I haue not séene yet these which I haue séene are here set downe to your sight as being hast knowne The Degrées ioyned thus The third Ground The second Ground This Space from the â—â—e Shaft to the other were Degrées where the people sate easily Steps betwéene the Degrées The fourth Ground The first Ground I Haue shewed the Ichnographie of the Romish Colisco in foure sorts euen like as the building is of foure sorts or orders now I must shew the Profill thereof by the which a man may conceaue a great part of the inward things therefore the Figure following sheweth the whole building aboue the earth as if it were cut through in the middle In which Figure first you sée all the degrées whereon the Spectators sate there also you may perceiue how many wayes the goings vp were which in truth were very easte to
the Profill or cutting of the outermost part of the Amphitheater shall stand And thirdly there followeth the Orthographie of a péece of the sayd Amphitheater without which is all wrought after the rusticall manner with stones of Verona being very hard but the Cornices are somewhat better made which Cornices haue diuers and seuerall Formes of the Romanes and are very like vnto the Cornices of the Amphitheater of Pola Touching the playnenesse of this Amphitheater which by the Common people is called La arena taken from arena which is sand which was therein strowed for certayne Playes or sports which were there presented or Acted and therefore I could not sée the ground thereof but as it was told me by some old men of Verona when the Playes were there made vpon the sand then presently there came water in the sight of all the beholders which past through some Conduits and in short space filled all the place full so that there they might make battailes and thrust one at another with Scutes and Boates in the water and the place dryed vp agayne as at the first This and many other things men may beléeue if we consider the great magnificence of the Romanes in the Antiquities of Verona There are yet vpon the great Riuer of Adixe two fayre ancient Bridges betwéene the which two Bridges there was a most fayre and notable Spectaele whereon there might stand a great number of people to behold the Playes and sports there made in Boates vpon the water which Spectacle was made along by the water side against a hill and higher vpwards aboue this Spectacle there was a Theater the Scene whereof and the Spectacle ioyned together and for that as I sayd before the Theater was made very artificially in the hill so is it aboue the Theater in the height of the hill there was a great building which surpassed all the other but the ruines of these buildings are so many and so cast downe in processe of time that it would be great charges and losse of tune to find them out but for that in many places of the hill I haue séne some parts thereof therefore it makes me wonder thereat It was also with good reason that the Romanes made such things at Verona for that in my opinion it is the best scitâ—ated place of all Italy as well for playnes as hilles and also for waters and specially the men of that Towne are very familiar and friendly people GReat things and in diuers formes were made by the famous Romanes but by the â—uines thereof men can not iudge whereunto they serued principally this Building which was named Lesette Zone di Seuero of which Building you sée a corner of the House yet standing which is of 3. roofes all Corinthia worke But it may be séene that from the roofe it was made of another manner of Buildings because some Pillars were hollowed and crefted and some smooth besides the Capitals and other formes are not all of one worke I haue not measured the height of this Building but onely the ground and thicknesse of things and for as much as I can conceaue the roofes aboue lessen one more then another the fourth part as Vitruuius writes in his description of Theaters This Figure hereunder sheweth the ground of the Building also the skie or roofe of the Lacunary aboue the Columnes it was measured with the foote that measured the Theater of Pola â—â—rst the thickenesse of the Wall is 3. foot and an halfe betwéene the one Wall the other it to 4. foot and an halfe betwéene the Wall and the Columnes is 5. foot and 3. quarters and so is the space betwéene the Columnes the thicknesse of a Columne is 2. foot and 4. quarters In this Building you sée no Chambers at all nor any shew or signes of Stayres or goings vp into the lodgings but men may conceaue that it was much greater and that in other places both Stayres and Chambers might haue stood and to speake trueth this Building when it was whole was a notable piece of worke in regard of the great number of Columnes and Pillars that were in it together with the costly worke thereof The ground of the Amphitheater in Pola AT Pola a town in Dalmatia this Amphitheater is in the middle of the Town yet very whole which building hath nothing but the first wings without with the 4. counterforts ache made of 3. Pilasters which I beléeue were made for the strengthning thereof because this wall stood thus alone so that nothing at all was made of the Building within but the outtermost wall with the Arches marked A. But by the shew of some holes which are within the wall men may iudge that there they made the stayres and seats of wood when they made their sports and held their feasts neuerthelesse for a beautifying of the Figures I haue set down the part within as in my opinion it should bee made This Amphitheater was measured with a moderne foote which is shewed here vnder the ground the widenes of the Arches is 9. foot 2. ounces but he 4. principal Arches are 15. foot wide the forefront of the Pilasters is 4. foote 2. ounces the flat Pillar is 2. foote and 2. ounces broad so the Pilasters on each side are one foote broad the Pilasters in the sides are 5. foote and 3. ounces betwéene the Pilasters of the counterforts and the other Pilasters it is 3. foote and 4. ounces TOuching the Orthographie or the ground of the Amphitheater of Pola I haue sufficiently spoken but now I must shew the Orthographie of the part standing vp beginning at the nâ—ther part as touching the Basement it hath no terminations of measures the cause why is for that the Hill is not euen for in the Hill the Pedestall is not onely lost but also the whole first order of the Arches with all their Cornices vpon them and the Hill is the height of the plaine of the second Story therefore I will set downe no height of the measure of the Basements but will brain from thence vpwards The height of the Pedestall vnder the Pillar is 2. foot and an halfe the height of the Pillar of flat Columne with the Capitall is about 16. foot the height of the Arch is 17. foot and an halfe the Architraue is a foot and 9. ounces high the height of the Freese is 9. ounces the height the Cornice is one foot 10. ounces the height of the borst-wering or place brest-high if there bee any other aboue the Cornice is ae high as the Cornice the height of the Pillar is 21. foot 9. ounces with the Capitall the height of the Arch is 18. foot and one ounce the thicknesse of the Arch is 1. foot and 9. ounces the Architraue Freese and Cornice are of the same height that the vndermost is the Basement marked X. is 4. foot and 4 ounces From the Basement to vnder the Cornice is 19 foot
2. third parts the height of the Base is halfe the thicknes of the Columne beneath and is fashioned like the greater the height of the Capitall is one Ell an halfe which Capitall is very well made and the forme thereof in great is séen in my other 4. Booke in the begâ—â—â—â—ng of the Composita This Columne is sluited as the Figure thereof sheweth and hath also a flat Columne of the same forme the Architrane Fréese and Cornice aboue this Columne are about 4. Elles which Cornice hath the Mutiles without Dentiles and is very like the worke of the Pantheon and by as much as I could perceaue this lesse Columne serâ—â—d for an ornament of a Gate or Doore of the sayd Baâ—lica The third part of the common Ell wherewith this is measured THe Romanes because of their great proud mindes alwayes sought to build things of great maiestie which might shew their great power both by Water and Land and to that end they made the wonderfull Hauen of Ostia for the ease of the Citie of Rome which in trueth in regard of the commoditie and greatnesse of the Building thereof and specially the great strength thereof may well bee called wonderfull It is of forme Hexagoniick that is 6. cornerd and each Facie is 116. roodes long and each tood is 10. Palmes by these principall measures you may vnderstand the greatnesse therof euery Facie had a large walking place with Galleries round about 4. Appertiments also compassed with Galleries and a walking place in the middle Along the water side there were trunckes of Columnes orderly placed whereunto the ships were fastened and at the mouth of the Hauen there were towers to defend it from the enemie in time of néed And for that you can hardly perceaue the Appertiments in so small a forme therefore I haue placed them beneath in greater forme and marked them with A. and B. The Hauen of Ostia THe Thermes of Titus are lesse then the other and therefore by the people they were called Thermi minori neuerthelesse after my opinion they are well made the Ichnographie of these Thermes is measured with the ancient Palme First the Diameter of the round forme marked A. is about 150. Palmes the part B. is in length 80 Palmes and in bredth 51. Palmes the part C. is 80. Palmes in length and in bredth 60 Palmes The forme D. is about 100. Palmes in Diameter and the Portall E. is 50. Palmes the part F. is 120. Palmes long and 70. broad the eyght ranked part marked G. is about 100. Palmes the round part H. is 150. Palmes in Diameter The part 1. is 100. Palmes and is almost two foure squares the two parts each marked with K. is 30. Palmes on eyther side The part L. is 125. Palmes in length the bredth 30 Palmes The roundnesse marked M. is about 120. Palmes in Diameter That part marked N. is 148. Palmes long and 57. broad The part O. is the same the preseruation of the water followeth after THe preseruing or the place where the water of the Thermes of Titus the sonne of Vespatianus was kept is wonderfully made and very Artificiall and that is for that the Arches of these preseruatiues are placed in such good order that a man standing in the going through of the one séeeth them all ouerthwarts and this is the place which the people commonly call The seuen Halles and it was for this cause because the spaces are seuen in number and in them you sée ouerthwarts backwards and forewards alwayes 7. in number the thicknesse of the walls is foure foot and an halfe the widenesse of the Arches is sixe foot from one Arch to the other are 27. foot the widenesse from one wall to the other is 15. foots and they are round roofed of an indifferent height The walles and roofes are playstered with most hard plaister The old Romane Palme IN Rome and elsewhere there are many Bridges made by the Romanes but I will here shew the inuention of â—oare onely that you may sée their manner of making of Bridges This Bridge is called Ponte S. Angelos because it standeth vpon Tiber by the Towne of Inghelenborch by the ancient Romanes it was called Ponte Elio of Elio Adrianus This Bridge was went to be called Ponte Tarpeio others call it Ponte Fabricie and in our time it is called Ponte de quatro capi This Bridge is called Pontus Miluius but coÌ„monly it is called Ponte Molle This Bridge in former times was called the Senates Bridge others cal it Ponte palatino but now it is called Ponto S. Maria and also Ponte Sisto AMong other Thermes which are in Rome I finde this of Antoniano to beâ— better to bee noted then the rest and although that the Thermes of Dioclesian are greater yet in this I find much fayrer correspondencie and knitting together in euery part then in the others for that in the place C. they might make all kind of Playes or sports without any hinderance And for that the Thermes were specially made for men to bathe in as they were vsed for diuers sports to be made in them so was the preseruation of the water made behind the building marked A. where by meanes of the Pipes they were alwayes filled to serue for such vses This ground is measured with the common Ell the third part whereof is hereunder set downe by the side of the Building The line in the middle of the place is 100. Elles by the which you shall almost find all the measures whereof for breuitie I will not speake directly but onely of the principal things First one of the places for the kéeping of the water is thirtie Elles long and 16. Elles broad The part X. is 81. Elles long and the bredth 44. Elles the round Building D. is in Diameter 86. Elles The place marked B. C. is 700. Elles long The part in the middle marked G. is in length about 105. Elles and in bredth 60. Elles FOr that in the ground before set downe by reason of the smalnesse of the figures which could not be made greater in this Booke a man can not so wel know the particular partes therefore I haue in these two sides set downe some parts more plainly as the ingenious workeman by the letters wherewith they are marked may sée and find them when he compareth them with the whole ground AL though these Figures stand thus without order and in many pieces yet the wife workeman shall know that they are members of the Thermes afore shewed beholding the letters which stand in them which comparing with the others he shall find what parts they are Also he must know that the parts H. and X. belong not to the part F. for the Figures hereunder are three seuerall parts although for necessitie sake they are set one by another I haue also not set downe the particular measures for the workeman shal bester helpe himselfe with the inuention then with the measure ABout seuen miles from
Alcaire there is a Piramides whereof I will shew the forme and also set downe the measure as I had it from a Gentleman of Venice who measured the same himselfe and was hoth vpon it and within it This Piramides was measured by Paces and euery Pace is more then thrée ancient Palmes the Base on euery side is 270. Paces and is right foure square it is all of hard stone and you may clime vpon it without but not easily vnto the top for euery Pace is thrée Palmes and a halfe high but there are not so many Playnes that a man may easily set his foot vpon them the number of the Paces or steps from the Bases to the top or the highest part is 210. and they are all of one height so that the height of the whole Piramides is as much as the Base Many beléeue that this Piramides was a Sepulchre for that within it there is a place in the middle whereon lyeth a great stone thereupon men presume that some great person hath there béene buried but going in vpon the left hand you find a going vp of stone which turnes about the Piramides within through the which you goe vp the Station in the top within About the middle of this Piramides there is another going in but it is fast shut on the top of this Piramides there is a faire flat or playne about 8. Paces broad on euery side whereby workemen know that it was the same playne that was made at the finishing of the Piramides Not farre from thence there is a head of hard stone with part of the brest all of one stone the face whereof is 10 Paces long and in this Figure there are some Egyptian letters of this Piramides and head Peter Martir writeth and hath also séene and measured them which differ not much ALthough the Gréekes were the principall founders and inuentors of good Architecture as our Master Vitruuius and many other Authors witnesse neuerthelesse by reason of their great warres and their Land so often ouerrun and spoyled by the enemies a man can hardly stade any good worke standing whole in all Grecia but as some men haue told me there are yet the ruines of a Bailding which as men conceaue was of one hundred Columnes whereof no man câ—n by casting know the height But with our Authors licence for that he makes this by report and hath no measure thereof I haue onely set the fourth part of the ground by the halfe of the Building which he hath thereto plated whereby the workeman may conceaue the whole ground and the whole Figure thereof BYS. Gâ—orge Belabro you may sée this building hereunder which was made by the Bankiers Oxensellers in the tune of Lucius Septimus Seuerus and Marcus Aurelius Antonius which Building is of Composita worke wellset foorth on euery side with grauing Let no man wonder that the Fréese the Architraue are couered with this table for that there being much writing to bee set into it the Freese was not great inough to containe so many letters therefore the workeman made it so and brake not the order of Architecture at all â—â—â—â—ang thâ—â—nâ— proportion thereo in the corners I Will not set the measure of this Building at large because it was lost after it was measuredâ— but as I remember the widenesse betwéene the one and the other Pilaster was 12. old foote The height of that widenesse was 20. foot the thickenes of the Pilasters with all the Columnes which are flat is 4. foot and an halfe and so much the Architraue Fréese and Cornice containeth This is the ground of the said Building in the roofe there are 15. Quadrans well wrenght The innermost part whereupon the roofe or seeling dosh rest The bottome of the Architraue In the furthest part of the roofe are 27. Quadrans This Ichnograhyie is measured by the ancient Palme but for that in this ground I haue béene more curious of the inuention then of any other thing therefore I set not downe the particular measures which in trueth would be euerlong to rehearse but I haue with great diligence set this sméll forme in so good proportion in sorts that the cunning Architector may in a manner find the measures vsing the same small Palme which standeth in the halfe Circle deuided in 10 parts and each part is 10. Palmes so the whole line is 100. Palines thus with a Compasse to your hand you may partly conceaue the measure of this Building Touching the Orthographie I haue not let it downe at all for 3. causes First because of the great ruines there is little sight to be had thereof the 2. because of the difficultie to measure the same the 3. for that in truâ—to a man séeeth this building was not made in that fortunate time of good workemen for in it are many discordances and vnfit things but yet great and costly ornaments But for that men in so small a forme of Ichnographie can not perfectly shew the forme of euery part and member therefore hereafter I will shew the part in the middle more plainely The ancient Palme FOr that as I sayd the ground of Dioclesians Therme being placed in so small a forme can hardly be measured from part to part therefore I haue made a part thereof in greater forme which standeth hereunder and is like the middle thereof as the letter A. sheweth and the liue in the middle thereof is also 100. Palmes like the other whereby a diligent workeman â—ay alâ—ost find all the measures thereof with a payre of Compasses THe Therme made by Dioclesian was vsed for diuers comman and open sports and specially to bathe in whereunto it behoueth to haue great quantitie of water which was brought by Pipes a great way off and it was kept in certaine Cesternes which stood in the Thermes of Dioclesian in this manner as is hereunder set downe it was made with Pilasters and aboue it was crosse roofed with walles about them of very good stuffe which was so firme â—â—at at this day it is yet to be séene the thickenesse of the Pilasters is of each side foure foote betwéene each two Pilasters is 12. foote of the old Romane foot although the sayd Therme is measured with Palmes and this line hereunder is halfe an olde foote The halfe ancient foot IN Rome there are many ancient Tryumphant Arches among the which this Building by the greatest number is accounted for a Tryumphant Arch yet by the knowledge that men haue of it it is thought to be a Porticus or a Gallery like vnto a Burse or Erchange for Marchants it may be it was made by some one nation alone as yet to this day in great Townes and Cities euery nation hath a seuerall place although they are not by that meanes deuided This Porticus or Gallery stood in Nel foro Boario and in ancient time was called The Temple of Ianus which is measured with the ancient Palme This Building hath foure gates as the
a halfe the Corona licis aboue the same Cornice is 10. Ounces high The Base of the second Pedestall is one foote the flat o◠it selfe is 3. foote 7. Ounces and a halfe high the Base of the second Columne is 8. Ounces the height of the Columnes is 8. foote 3. Ounces and a halfe The thicknesse of the sayd Columnes is 10. Ounces and a halfe the height of the Capitall is one foote one Ounce and a halfe the height of the Architraue is one foote and one Ounce the height of the Fréese is 1. foote 2. ounces the height of the Cornice is one foote whereon there standeth some part of the wall but a man cannot perceiue what it might be This Arch is not very thicke neyther beautified on the sides for that behind this Arch there is another standing so néere together that a man can hardly goe betwéene them both as I will shew hereafter when I speake of the other figure the windowes stand not in any good order but somewhat vnséemely for the 2. windowes are not right in Perpendicular vpon the sharpe poynt of the Frontispice but some part aside which sheweth not well and for that I could not endure such disorder I haue placed them orderly The Capitals of these Arches are part Composita and part Corinthia as hereafter I will set downe in Figure Louing Reader Corottus a Paynter in Verona hath counterfeited this Arch the Cornice vnder the Timpanum is not there for he placeth there certayne order of figures resting vpon the Architraue the which Architraue you must vnderstand is betweene the 2. Columnes ouer each Arch and is somewhat flat because of the writing following Ouer this Arch on the right haud these letters following stand T. FLAVIVS P. F. NORICVS IIII. VIR ID V. F. BAVIA Q. L. PRIMA SIBI ET POLICLITO SIVE SERVO SIVE LIBERTO MEO ET L. CALPVRNIO VEGETO HEre before I spake of the vniuersall measure of the sayd Arch and thereunto set downe the forme according to the proportion of the same but cannot giue perfectly the particular parts in so small a forme Of which members for that there are diuers ornaments in them I will in this lease declare them touching the height and thicknesse I will speake no more for I haue done it already but I will onely shew which they are The Figure marked G. is the first Pedestall with the Bases and the beginning of the Columnes the which is hollowed all the members are proportioned according to their greatnesse The Capitall marked E. hauing the Architraue vpon it followeth vpon the first Columne as the hollowing sheweth The Figure marked D. is the Architraue Fréese and Cornice together which stand aboue the first Columne which Cornice by the authoritie and example which is by me in many places alledged the iudicious Reader may know whether they be erroneous or good The Capitall marked F. is that which vpholdeth the Arch vpon the fouresquare Pillars these two Capitals are called Latine worke and very fayre I will not as I haue said speake of the measures for that this Figure is proportioned after the principall and with great diligence transported from the great into the small The halfe of the common foote wherewith the aforesayd double Arch with the following ornaments is measured AS I sayd before the Arch is very rich of ornaments and among them some very fayre and perfect some also very vicious ill made and in trueth I finde nothing that more misliketh me then the Cornice marked D. in the other lease for the reasons before shewed but all the rest before set downe are of good proportion as well the workes as the Cornices And as the parts of the first story are so are these following of the second story The Mutiles marked H. are in the beginning of the second story aboue the Frontispicie vpon which Images as I haue declared there were Images fastened against the flat Pilasters The window marked I. is the forme of one of the Windowes with the Cornice vpon it and therefore iust of his measure That Capitall and the Base marked K. is of the same windowes shewed in greatest forme that the members may be the better vnderstood That Base and Capitall marked L. is the little Pillar betweene the Pilasters and the window and in trueth in these two Bases that is that of the greatest of the small Pillars ioyned with the lesser the workeman was very iudicious to accord or agrée the one with the other that the greatest Pillar should haue his due Base and the lesser should also haue a lesse Base according to proportion which I commend much The Architraue Fréese and Cornice marked C. sheweth that of the second story aboue the small Pillars this Cornice is very séemely and not confused with cutting The Pedestall marked B. sheweth that of the last story whereof the Base marked M. doth rest also the Capitall which standeth aboue is his companion and is truly Corinthia the which is confirmed to the principall for worke and fashion and in my opinion very séemely That Architraue Fréese and Cornice marked A. sheweth the last Cornice the Architraue is not vicious because it hath onely two Facies for if it had thrée it would by the farre distance stand cumbred the Cornice with the Mutiles liketh me well because it hath no Dentiles and is also well deuided with members neither is it confused with much grauing but hath a séemely Proiecture which heaueth vp the height thereof a little The halfe of the common foot THis Arch tryumphant was made before the Arch aforesayd which the table sheweth wherein there standeth P. VALERIVS Q. CECILIVS Q. SERVILIVS P. CORNELIVS it is thought it was set vp in the time of Hanibal This is measured with the same measure that the other is the widenes of each Arch is 11. foote the height is 17. foote the Pilasters of the Arch are one foote 8. ounces broad betwéene the 2. Pilasters are 5. foote 4. ounces the sides eche holdeth 3. foot The Cimatie vnder the C. in place of an Architraue is 6. ounces and an halfe the height of the Fréese is one foote 7. ounces and an halfe the list aboue the Freese is 2. ounces the Cimatie vnder the Dentiles is 4. ounces and a quarter and the Cimatie aboue it is one ounce and an halfe That Astragall is one ounce The Cimatie vnder the crowne is one ounce and a third part the crowne is 3. ounces and an halfe high the Cimatie thereof is 2. ounces and a quarter The Scime is 3. ounces and an halfe high but the list is 2. ounces the Proiecture of all is as much as the height The Basement aboue this Cornice is one foote one ounce and an halfe in height the thicknesse of the hollowed Columnes is 1. foot 3. ounces the height without Capitals is 7. foot one ounce and an halfe The Capitall is 10. ounces high This Columne hath no Base nor Cinthe Carettus who also counterfeited
go vp downe so that in short time the Amphitheater was filled with a great number of men without hindrance one of another You may also sée in the outward part how the thicknes of the Pilasters and the walles vpwards lessened which on the inside are drawne in and being so drawne in giueth the building great strength and to shew it to be true you may sée there at this day some part of the Facies without yet whole from the top to the bottome and yet the inward parts are decayed and that hath the drawing inward of the Centrée dens which made the worke slighter taking as it were a forme of a Piramides But this is not obserued in the common building in Venice but rather the contrary because the walles without are in Perpendicular maner and lessen inwards and this they doe for want of ground to get the more space vpwards but that which helpeth such buildings is that there are no Arches in it nor Roofes of any maner that force the walles to giue out but the number of Beaâ—â— which are layd and fastned in the walles bind the walles and the roomes of the house together and so such buildings stand fast so long as the Beames indure which men from time to time renue neuerthelesse these kinds of buildings last not so long as the ancient buildings did made in such order as you sée in the Colisco whereof I will speake agayne And withall as I sayd the innermost part being so ruinous that men sée no part of the innermost worke which is cut off by the line that hath Shafts or Arrowheads at the ends and for that you sée no parts thereof at all whether that the vppermost parts of the highest steps vpwards to the top were all couered with double Galleries or that the Porticus was alone and the other left open therefore I haue made it in two maner of wayes the one is as you see in the same Profill ioyned with all the worke and the other maner is which standeth without the degrées or steps which order also agréeth with the other if you set it so that the two Lists in the Pedestals méete each with the other but for that you sée some remaynders of the crossed Roofes which yet hang within on the walles as the fourth ground sheweth the which I iudge was onely a Porticus and that the other part was vncouered to receiue the people and being so must receiue them better then if the Galleries had béene double Now to turne to the beginning of the degrées or steps that I leaue nothing vntouched as néere as I can I say by meanes of the ruines and filling vp with matter fallen the playne or the place in the middle is so filled vp that a man cannot marke how high the first degrées of the playne were eleuated but by the instructions of those that haue séene the end the first degrée was so high that the wild and vntamed Beasts could not hurt the beholders and there was also a Borstwering and other stréetes of a reasonable bredth to go round about as it is shewed where it is marked with C. The two open places the least and the greatest Arch were to bring in light The places standing vp about the degrées or steps which are couered and marked A. are Dâ—â—res whereby men went without vp the Stayres to the Theater The Profill of the Amphitheater of Rome THE outward part that is the Orthographie of the Romish Coliscco is made of foure stories and the first story next aboue the ground is made after the manner of Dorica and although there are in the Freese neither Trâ—gliphes nor Metophes nor yet guts in the Epistolie or Architraue neither Fulmines and guts vnder the crowne yet it may be called Dorica The second Order is after the manner of Ionica and although the Columnes be not fluited yet in effect they may be called Ionica The third Story is after the manner of Corinthia but firme worke without cutting vnlesse it be the Capitals the which with their height are not exquisitely made The fourth Story is Composita other call it Latina because it was inuented by the Romanes some others call it Italica But it may well be called Composita were it but for the mutiles which stand in the Fréese for that no other Story haue their mutiles in the Fréese but that Many men aske why the Romanes made this Building of foure Orders and made it not all of one forme or order as many others are as that of Verona which is all of rusticall worke and that of Pola also A man may answere thereunto that the old Romanes as rulers ouer al especially of those people from whence the thrée former Orders had their beginning would set those 3. generations one aboue another aboue all those orders the Composita as found by themselues thereby signifying that they as tryumphers ouer those people would also tryumph with their workes placing and mingling them at their pleasures But omitting these reasons we will procéed to the measures of the outtermost parts and Orthographie This Building was eleuated from the earth two degrées the second degrée was fiue Palmes broad and the first two Palms the height was little lesse then a Palme the Base of the Columne was not two Palmes no more is the Dorica the Columne is foure Palmes thicke and two minutes the height is 38. Palms and 5. minutes with Base and Capitall the height of the Capitall is about two Palmes the Pilasters on eyther side of the Columnes are thrée Palmes and thrée minutes the widenesse of the Arch is twenty Palmes and the height is 33. Palmes from vnder the Arch to the Architraue is fiue Palmes and sixe minutes the height of the Architraue is two Palmes and eyght minutes the height of the Fréese is thrée Palmes and two minutes the Cornice as much The Pedestall of the second Order is eyght Palmes and ten minutes high the height of the Columnes with Bases and Capitals is fiue and thirty Palmes the thicknesse is foure Palmes the Pilasters and Arches are like those beneath but the height of the Arch is thirty Palmes from vnder the Arch to vnder the Architraue is fiue Palmes and sixe minutes the height of the Architraue is thrée Palmes the height of the Fréese is two Palmes and nine minutes the height of the Cornice is thrée Palmes and nine minutes The Pedestall of the fourth Order called Composita héere our Author hath forgotten the third Order but howsoeuer it differeth not much from the Ionica the Pedestall of the Composita is twelue Palmes high the vnder-Base thereof is foure Palmes the height of the Pillars with Bases and Capitals is thirty eyght Palmes and sixe minutes the height of the Architraue Fréese and Cornice is about ten Palmes deuided in thrée one part for the Cornice the second for the Fréese wherein the Mutiles stand and the third for the Architraue But for what cause or reason