this_o first_o principle_n yet_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v immortal_a and_o not_o only_o good_a in_o itself_o but_o the_o fountain_n of_o all_o good_a which_o sure_o be_v no_o description_n of_o a_o arch-devil_n but_o what_o need_v i_o far_o insist_v on_o those_o author_n of_o his_o own_o church_n who_o have_v yield_v this_o when_o there_o be_v several_a who_o with_o approbation_n have_v undertake_v the_o proof_n of_o this_o in_o book_n write_v purposely_o on_o this_o subject_n such_o as_o raim_n breganius_n gentil_n mutius_n pansa_n philoso_n livius_n galante_n comparat_fw-la paulus_n benius_n eugubinus_n theolog_fw-la but_o above_o all_o augustinus_n steuchus_n eugubinus_n philo._n who_o have_v make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o prove_v that_o not_o only_o the_o be_v of_o the_o deity_n but_o the_o unity_n as_o a_o first_o principle_n the_o wisdom_n goodness_n power_n and_o providence_n of_o god_n be_v acknowledge_v not_o mere_o by_o the_o philosopher_n as_o plato_n and_o aristotle_n and_o their_o follower_n but_o by_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n but_o i_o be_o afraid_a these_o book_n may_v be_v as_o hard_a for_o he_o to_o find_v as_o trigautius_n be_v and_o it_o be_v well_o if_o his_o principle_n be_v as_o hard_o to_o find_v too_o if_o they_o discover_v no_o more_o learning_n or_o judgement_n than_o this_o that_o the_o supreme_a god_n of_o the_o heathen_n be_v a_o arch-devil_n but_o t._n g._n say_v 350._o that_o the_o father_n of_o god_n and_o man_n among_o the_o heathen_n be_v according_a to_o the_o father_n a_o arch-devil_n be_v it_o not_o possible_a for_o you_o to_o entertain_v wild_a and_o absurd_a opinion_n yourselves_o but_o upon_o all_o occasion_n you_o must_v lay_v they_o at_o the_o door_n of_o the_o father_n i_o have_v hear_v of_o a_o place_n where_o the_o people_n be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o provide_v godfather_n for_o their_o child_n at_o last_o they_o resolve_v to_o choose_v two_o man_n that_o be_v to_o stand_v as_o godfather_n for_o all_o the_o child_n that_o be_v to_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o parish_n just_o such_o a_o use_n you_o make_v of_o the_o father_n they_o must_v christen_v all_o your_o brat_n and_o how_o foolish_a soever_o a_o opinion_n be_v if_o it_o come_v from_o you_o it_o must_v present_o pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n but_o i_o shall_v do_v my_o endeavour_n to_o break_v this_o bad_a custom_n of_o you_o and_o since_o t._n g._n think_v i_o a_o scarce-revolted_n presbyterian_a i_o shall_v make_v the_o right_a father_n stand_v for_o his_o own_o child_n and_o because_o this_o be_v very_o material_a towards_o the_o true_a understanding_n the_o nature_n of_o idolatry_n i_o shall_v give_v a_o full_a account_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o father_n in_o this_o point_n and_o not_o as_o t._n g._n have_v do_v from_o one_o single_a passage_n of_o a_o learned_a but_o by_o their_o own_o church_n think_v heretical_a father_n viz._n origen_n present_o cry_v out_o the_o father_n the_o father_n which_o be_v like_o a_o country_n fellow_n that_o come_v to_o a_o gentleman_n and_o tell_v he_o he_o have_v find_v out_o a_o brave_a covey_n of_o partridge_n lie_v in_o such_o a_o field_n the_o gentleman_n be_v very_o much_o please_v with_o the_o news_n and_o present_o ask_v he_o how_o many_o there_o be_v what_o half_a a_o score_n no._n eight_o no._n six_o no._n four_o no._n but_o how_o many_o than_o be_v there_o sir_n say_v the_o country_n fellow_n it_o be_v a_o covey_n of_o one_o i_o be_o afraid_a t._n g_o his_o covey_n of_o father_n will_v hardly_o come_v to_o one_o at_o last_o justin_n martyr_n be_v the_o elder_a genuine_a father_n extant_a who_o undertake_v to_o reprove_v the_o gentile_n for_o their_o idolatry_n paris_n and_o to_o defend_v the_o christian_a worship_n in_o his_o paraenesis_n to_o the_o greek_n he_o take_v notice_n how_o hardly_o the_o wise_a gentile_n think_v themselves_o deal_v with_o when_o all_o the_o poetical_a fable_n about_o their_o god_n be_v object_v against_o they_o just_a as_o some_o of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v when_o we_o tell_v they_o of_o the_o legend_n of_o their_o saint_n which_o the_o more_o ingenuous_a confess_v to_o be_v make_v by_o man_n who_o take_v a_o privilege_n of_o feign_v and_o say_v any_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o the_o heathen_a poet_n but_o they_o appeal_v for_o the_o principle_n of_o their_o religion_n to_o plato_n and_o aristotle_n both_o who_o he_o confess_v 6._o to_o have_v assert_v one_o supreme_a god_n although_o they_o differ_v in_o their_o opinion_n about_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o formation_n of_o thing_n by_o he_o afterward_o he_o say_v that_o the_o first_o author_n of_o polytheism_n among_o they_o viz._n orpheus_n do_v plain_o assert_v one_o supreme_a god_n 16._o and_o the_o make_n of_o all_o thing_n by_o he_o for_o which_o he_o produce_v many_o verse_n of_o he_o and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n a_o excellent_a testimony_n of_o sophocles_n viz._n that_o in_o truth_n there_o be_v but_o one_o god_n who_o make_v heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o sea_n and_o wind_n but_o the_o folly_n and_o madness_n of_o mankind_n bring_v in_o the_o image_n of_o god_n and_o when_o they_o have_v offer_v sacrifice_n and_o keep_v solemnity_n to_o these_o they_o think_v themselves_o religious_a 18._o he_o far_o show_v that_o pythagoras_n deliver_v to_o his_o disciple_n the_o unity_n of_o god_n and_o his_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o the_o fountain_n of_o all_o good_a that_o plato_n be_v warn_v by_o socrates_n his_o death_n dare_v not_o oppose_v the_o god_n common_o worship_v but_o one_o may_v guess_v by_o his_o write_n that_o his_o meaning_n as_o to_o the_o inferior_a deity_n be_v that_o they_o who_o will_v have_v they_o might_n and_o they_o who_o will_v not_o might_n let_v they_o alone_o but_o that_o himself_o have_v a_o right_a opinion_n concern_v the_o true_a god_n 19_o that_o homer_n by_o his_o golden_a chain_n do_v attribute_n to_o the_o supreme_a god_n a_o power_n over_o all_o the_o rest_n 22._o and_o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o deity_n be_v near_o as_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o supreme_a as_o man_n be_v and_o that_o the_o supreme_a be_v he_o who_o homer_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d god_n himself_o which_o signify_v say_v justin_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o true_o existent_a deity_n and_o that_o in_o achilles_n his_o shield_n he_o make_v vulcan_n represent_v the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n 27._o from_o these_o argument_n he_o persuade_v the_o greek_n to_o hearken_v to_o the_o revelation_n which_o the_o true_a and_o supreme_a god_n have_v make_v of_o himself_o to_o the_o world_n and_o to_o worship_v he_o according_a to_o his_o own_o will._n in_o his_o apology_n to_o the_o roman_a emperor_n antoninus_n pius_n and_o marcus_n aurelius_n and_o the_o roman_a senate_n and_o people_n for_o so_o baronius_n show_v 14._o that_o which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o first_o be_v true_o the_o second_o and_o that_o not_o only_o write_v to_o the_o senate_n but_o to_o the_o emperor_n too_o who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v marcus_n aurelius_n as_o eusebius_n say_v and_o photius_n after_o he_o he_o give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o controversy_n then_o so_o warm_o manage_v about_o idolatry_n 17_o that_o it_o be_v not_o whether_o there_o be_v one_o supreme_a god_n or_o no_o or_o whether_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v divine_a worship_n give_v to_o he_o but_o whether_o those_o who_o the_o gentile_n call_v god_n be_v so_o or_o no_o and_o whether_o they_o or_o dead_a man_n do_v deserve_v any_o divine_a honour_n to_o be_v give_v to_o they_o and_o last_o that_o be_v suppose_v whether_o this_o honour_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n or_o no_o for_o every_o one_o of_o these_o justin_n speak_v distinct_o to_o as_o to_o their_o god_n he_o deny_v that_o they_o deserve_v any_o divine_a worship_n because_o they_o desire_v it_o and_o be_v delight_v with_o it_o from_o whence_o 44._o as_o well_o as_o from_o other_o argument_n he_o prove_v that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v true_a god_n but_o evil_a daemon_n that_o those_o who_o be_v christian_n do_v only_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n the_o father_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o goodness_n and_o his_o son_n who_o have_v instruct_v both_o man_n and_o angel_n for_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o think_v that_o in_o this_o place_n justin_n shall_v assert_v the_o worship_n of_o angel_n equal_a with_o the_o father_n and_o son_n and_o before_o the_o holy_a ghost_n as_o some_o great_a man_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v do_v and_o the_o prophetic_a spirit_n in_o spirit_n and_o truth_n 68_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o crime_n to_o object_n against_o the_o christian_n but_o that_o they_o do_v not_o
prayer_n as_o in_o their_o fable_n although_o the_o theatre_n and_o poet_n have_v seldom_o err_v on_o the_o right_a side_n in_o religion_n yet_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v the_o practice_n of_o their_o orator_n upon_o solemn_a occasion_n to_o make_v a_o particular_a address_n to_o jupiter_n o._n m._n especial_o in_o the_o beginning_n as_o not_o only_o appear_v by_o pliny_n be_v panegyric_n but_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o valerius_n maximus_n praef._n nam_fw-la si_fw-la prisci_fw-la oratores_fw-la à _fw-la jove_n opt._n max._n bene_fw-la orsi_fw-la sunt_fw-la and_o cicero_n quote_v it_o as_o the_o old_a formula_fw-la of_o beginning_n their_o oration_n jupiter_fw-la ego_fw-la opt._n max._n which_o himself_n practise_v in_o his_o oration_n pro_fw-la rabirio_n caecil_n but_o in_o other_o place_n reserve_v it_o for_o a_o extraordinary_a occasion_n quo_fw-la circa_fw-la te_fw-la capitoline_n jupiter_n 57_o quem_fw-la propter_fw-la beneficia_fw-la p._n r._n optimum_fw-la propter_fw-la vim_o maximum_fw-la nominavit_fw-la and_o at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o oration_n against_o verres_n nunc_fw-la te_fw-la jupiter_n optime_fw-la maxim_n etc._n etc._n but_o most_o emphatical_o pro_fw-la milone_n 31._o tuque_fw-la ex_fw-la tuo_fw-la edito_fw-la monte_fw-fr latiari_fw-la sancte_fw-la jupiter_n etc._n etc._n where_o the_o feriae_fw-la latinae_fw-la be_v keep_v and_o a_o little_a before_o where_o he_o speak_v of_o those_o that_o seem_v to_o question_v a_o divine_a power_n he_o break_v out_o into_o those_o admirable_a word_n est_fw-la est_fw-la profecto_fw-la illa_fw-la vis_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o to_o confute_v servius_n his_o observation_n that_o they_o only_o invocate_v jove_n in_o their_o exordium_n because_o they_o attribute_v the_o beginning_n of_o thing_n to_o he_o we_o see_v they_o make_v their_o solemn_a address_n to_o jove_n likewise_o in_o the_o conclusion_n well_o paterculus_n conclude_v his_o book_n jupiter_n capitoline_n &_o auctor_fw-la &_o stator_n romani_fw-la nominus_fw-la and_o pliny_n both_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n to_o praecipuè_fw-la capitoline_n jupiter_n precor_fw-la as_o he_o speak_v at_o the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o panegyric_n but_o this_o be_v not_o only_o practise_v by_o orator_n but_o by_o their_o commander_n in_o the_o field_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o prayer_n of_o vocula_n in_o tacitus_n when_o he_o be_v in_o a_o great_a straight_o 58._o te_fw-la jupiter_n opt._n max_n quem_fw-la per_fw-la octingentos_fw-la viginti_fw-la annos_fw-la to_o triumphis_fw-la coluimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n thus_o we_o see_v that_o solemn_a address_n be_v make_v to_o the_o supreme_a god_n by_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n upon_o great_a ocasion_n but_o this_o be_v noâ—_n the_o only_a way_n whereby_o they_o testify_v there_o devotion_n to_o he_o for_o they_o erect_v altar_n to_o he_o as_o in_o that_o inscription_n which_o manutius_n transcribe_v from_o the_o marble_n hanc_fw-la tibi_fw-la aram._n juppiter_n opt._n max._n dico_fw-la dedico_fw-la que_fw-fr uti_fw-la sis_fw-la volens_fw-la propitius_fw-la mihi_fw-la collegisque_fw-la meis_fw-la etc._n etc._n 23.12_o as_o king_n antiochus_n in_o cicero_n dedicate_v his_o rich_a candlestick_n make_v with_o admirable_a workmanship_n of_o gold_n and_o jewel_n in_o these_o word_n 29._o dare_v donare_fw-la dicare_fw-la consecrare_fw-la jovi_fw-la opt._n max._n testemque_fw-la ipsum_fw-la jupiter_fw-la suae_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la ac_fw-la religionis_fw-la adhibere_fw-la in_o the_o old_a roman_a inscription_n we_o find_v several_a vow_n make_v to_o jupiter_n o._n m._n for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o emperor_n as_o in_o these_o i._o o._n m._n 5._o pro._n salute_v imp._n etc._n etc._n sometime_o they_o make_v vow_n for_o the_o return_n of_o the_o emperor_n as_o in_o those_o of_o the_o coss._n cl._n nero_n and_o quintilius_n varus_n for_o augustus_n 2._o ludos_fw-la votivos_fw-la pro._n reditu_fw-la imp._n caesaris_fw-la divi_z augusti_fw-la pontificis_fw-la maximi_fw-la jovi_fw-la optimo_fw-la maximo_fw-la fecit_fw-la exit_fw-la s._n c._n they_o make_v these_o inscription_n to_o jupiter_n o._n m._n in_o behalf_n of_o their_o emperor_n because_o they_o believe_v they_o to_o be_v under_o his_o particular_a care_n tibi_fw-la cura_fw-la magni_fw-la caesaris_fw-la fatis_fw-la data_fw-la 3._o say_v horace_n thence_o in_o the_o inscription_n juppiter_n custos_fw-la 20.1_o domus_fw-la aug_n and_o 10.6_o numini_fw-la deorum_fw-la aug_n jovi_fw-la opt._n max._n aedem_fw-la voto_fw-la suscepto_fw-la q._n lepidus_n it_o be_v endless_a to_o repeat_v the_o inscription_n that_o be_v make_v to_o he_o alone_o or_o to_o he_o under_o his_o several_a attribute_n that_o be_v peculiar_a to_o he_o as_o deo_fw-la qui_fw-la est._n maximus_n 17.9_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o his_o other_o title_n as_o consverator_n custos_fw-la stator_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 1064.11_o or_o to_o he_o where_o he_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o god_n as_o in_o this_o i._n o._n m._n et_fw-la consessui_fw-la deorum_fw-la dearumque_fw-la pro._n salute_v imperii_fw-la romani_fw-la 2.11_o but_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o my_o purpose_n which_o be_v to_o show_v that_o the_o roman_n do_v express_v their_o devotion_n to_o the_o supreme_a god_n in_o all_o their_o solemn_a act_n of_o religion_n of_o which_o there_o be_v but_o one_o part_n remain_v viz._n in_o the_o way_n of_o inquire_v into_o the_o mind_n of_o god_n which_o they_o suppose_v be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o divination_n and_o that_o they_o look_v on_o this_o as_o a_o part_n of_o religion_n be_v see_v by_o tully_n divide_n their_o religion_n in_o sacra_fw-la &_o in_o auspicia_fw-la &_o in_o monita_fw-la 2._o thence_o there_o be_v three_o chief_a college_n of_o priest_n the_o pontifices_fw-la who_o look_v after_o the_o rite_n of_o sacrifice_a the_o augur_n and_o aruspices_fw-la who_o be_v the_o judge_n in_o divination_n but_o the_o college_n of_o augur_n as_o appear_v by_o many_o passage_n in_o tully_n 8._o have_v a_o very_a great_a esteem_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v do_v without_o they_o and_o the_o young_a pliny_n call_v it_o sacerdotium_fw-la priscum_fw-la religiosum_fw-la sacrum_fw-la &_o insigne_fw-la but_o the_o great_a reason_n of_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o they_o be_v sacred_a to_o jove_n 34._o thence_o they_o be_v say_v by_o tully_n to_o be_v interpretes_n internuntiique_fw-la jovis_fw-la opt._n max._n and_o jovis_fw-la consiliarii_fw-la &_o administri_fw-la and_o the_o bird_n be_v say_v to_o be_v aves_fw-la internuntiae_fw-la jovis_fw-la 34._o and_o they_o who_o refuse_v to_o hearken_v to_o they_o 37._o nolle_fw-la moneri_fw-la à _fw-la jove_n so_o that_o this_o sort_n of_o priesthood_n be_v peculiar_a among_o they_o to_o he_o who_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v the_o supreme_a god_n and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o passage_n in_o arrian_n 7._o where_o he_o blame_v the_o person_n that_o come_v to_o the_o augury_n with_o so_o much_o solicitude_n of_o mind_n which_o he_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d come_v to_o god_n to_o know_v his_o pleasure_n as_o to_o particular_a event_n which_o they_o do_v say_v he_o observe_v the_o augury_n tremble_v and_o cry_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lord_n have_v mercy_n upon_o i_o which_o be_v so_o plain_a a_o form_n of_o supplication_n to_o the_o supreme_a god_n 4._o that_o cardinal_n bona_n bring_v this_o as_o a_o particular_a instance_n of_o the_o address_n they_o make_v to_o he_o and_o as_o the_o common_a litany_n of_o mankind_n thus_o much_o i_o have_v think_v necessary_a here_o to_o clear_v not_o only_o the_o acknowledgement_n but_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o supreme_a god_n among_o the_o roman_n i_o now_o proceed_v to_o other_o testimony_n of_o the_o father_n in_o their_o dispute_n against_o the_o heathen_a idolater_n athenagoras_n make_v a_o address_n to_o the_o same_o emperor_n m._n aurelius_n antoninus_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o christian_n 7._o justin._n wherein_o he_o do_v at_o large_a assert_v the_o concurrence_n of_o the_o heathen_n with_o the_o christian_n in_o the_o belief_n of_o one_o supreme_a god_n and_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o testimony_n of_o euripides_n sophocles_n philolaus_n and_o other_o pythagorean_n and_o from_o plato_n and_o aristotle_n and_o the_o stoic_n concern_v who_o he_o add_v that_o although_o they_o seem_v to_o make_v many_o god_n 7._o by_o the_o several_a name_n they_o give_v according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o matter_n which_o the_o divine_a spirit_n do_v pass_v through_o yet_o in_o truth_n they_o do_v assert_v but_o one_o god_n nay_o he_o say_v far_a that_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n be_v agree_v in_o this_o whether_o they_o will_v or_o no_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o god_n but_o then_o to_o the_o question_n why_o the_o christian_n do_v refuse_v to_o worship_v image_n he_o give_v this_o considerable_a answer_n if_o god_n and_o matter_n be_v but_o several_a name_n for_o the_o same_o thing_n 14._o we_o may_v be_v charge_v with_o impiety_n if_o we_o do_v not_o believe_v stone_n and_o
life_n on_o the_o account_n of_o their_o intercession_n for_o they_o and_o that_o they_o trust_v more_o to_o they_o especial_o to_o the_o bless_a virgin_n than_o to_o christ_n himself_o and_o that_o what_o interpretation_n soever_o some_o man_n put_v upon_o those_o title_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o heaven_n mother_n of_o mercy_n etc._n etc._n the_o common_a people_n do_v not_o understand_v they_o according_a to_o their_o sense_n of_o they_o nay_o erasmus_n go_v far_o 2._o say_v that_o their_o very_a preacher_n worship_v the_o bless_a virgin_n with_o more_o religion_n or_o devotion_n than_o they_o do_v christ_n himself_o or_o his_o holy_a spirit_n call_v she_o the_o mother_n of_o grace_n by_o all_o which_o we_o see_v that_o the_o doctrine_n of_o divine_a worship_n be_v not_o so_o clear_o state_v by_o they_o but_o that_o the_o more_o ingenuous_a man_n who_o have_v live_v and_o die_v in_o the_o communion_n of_o that_o church_n have_v think_v not_o only_o the_o people_n but_o the_o teacher_n very_o much_o to_o blame_v in_o it_o 19_o 2._o my_o business_n now_o be_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o father_n in_o this_o dispute_n about_o the_o notion_n of_o divine_a worship_n not_o to_o handle_v particular_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o father_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o question_n of_o invocation_n of_o saint_n but_o to_o show_v that_o they_o go_v upon_o the_o same_o principle_n i_o have_v here_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o distinction_n between_o the_o honour_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o they_o and_o while_o they_o speak_v most_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o saint_n they_o deny_v any_o religious_a worship_n to_o be_v perform_v to_o they_o origen_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o book_n against_o celsus_n 10._o make_v that_o to_o be_v the_o property_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o christ_n that_o god_n only_o be_v to_o be_v worship_v but_o that_o other_o may_v be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d worthy_a of_o honour_n but_o not_o of_o worship_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o speak_v as_o plain_o as_o word_n can_v express_v his_o meaning_n although_o say_v he_o we_o shall_v believe_v that_o 416._o angel_n be_v set_v over_o these_o thing_n below_o yet_o we_o only_o praise_v and_o magnify_v they_o but_o all_o our_o prayer_n be_v only_o to_o be_v make_v to_o god_n and_o not_o to_o any_o angel_n and_o only_o jesus_n christ_n be_v to_o offer_v up_o our_o prayer_n to_o god_n 233._o and_o lest_o any_o shall_v imagine_v he_o mean_v only_o some_o kind_n of_o prayer_n he_o say_v express_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d all_o prayer_n and_o supplication_n and_o intercession_n 238._o and_o say_v that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o pray_v to_o they_o who_o pray_v for_o we_o but_o now_o what_o say_v t._n g._n to_o these_o place_n which_o except_v the_o first_o i_o have_v object_v against_o the_o practice_n of_o invocation_n of_o saint_n and_o angel_n in_o my_o former_a discourse_n why_o true_o he_o say_v 361._o that_o origen_n meaning_n be_v partly_o that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o pray_v to_o they_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o we_o do_v to_o god_n but_o we_o may_v pray_v to_o they_o after_o another_o manner_n but_o be_v that_o inferior_a sort_n of_o prayer_n prayer_n or_o not_o when_o we_o desire_v they_o to_o pray_v for_o we_o be_v not_o that_o desire_v their_o intercession_n for_o we_o but_o origen_n deny_v that_o any_o prayer_n be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o they_o or_o any_o one_o to_o be_v pray_v to_o although_o it_o be_v only_o to_o intercede_v with_o god_n for_o we_o but_o only_o the_o son_n of_o god_n i_o remember_v a_o answer_n of_o a_o devout_a servant_n of_o the_o bless_a virgin_n much_o like_o this_o of_o t._n g._n for_o when_o it_o be_v object_v that_o she_o can_v not_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o redemption_n for_o mankind_n because_o it_o be_v say_v isa._n 63.3_o i_o have_v tread_v the_o wine-press_n alone_o and_o of_o the_o people_n there_o be_v no_o man_n with_o i_o true_o say_v he_o there_o be_v no_o man_n with_o thou_o 2._o but_o there_o may_v be_v a_o woman_n for_o all_o that_o so_o do_v t._n g._n deal_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o father_n let_v they_o be_v never_o so_o express_v against_o all_o sort_n of_o prayer_n and_o invocation_n they_o hold_v only_o of_o such_o a_o sort_n of_o prayer_n but_o there_o may_v be_v another_o and_o inferior_a sort_n notwithstanding_o but_o be_v there_o any_o sort_n that_o be_v not_o comprehend_v under_o all_o and_o that_o origen_n can_v be_v understand_v in_o these_o passage_n of_o such_o prayer_n only_o as_o suppose_v the_o supreme_a excellency_n in_o god_n most_o evident_o appear_v by_o the_o dispute_n between_o celsus_n and_o he_o which_o be_v not_o about_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o supreme_a god_n but_o of_o inferior_a spirit_n and_o minister_n to_o he_o as_o have_v be_v full_o prove_v already_o the_o church_n of_o philomelium_n in_o that_o noble_a testimony_n concern_v the_o martyrdom_n of_o polycarp_n 15._o make_v the_o same_o distinction_n between_o honour_n and_o worship_n for_o they_o utter_o deny_v give_v any_o worship_n to_o a_o creature_n as_o inconsistent_a with_o christianity_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o confess_v the_o honour_n and_o esteem_v they_o have_v for_o the_o martyr_n which_o they_o express_v by_o meeting_n at_o the_o place_n of_o their_o martyrdom_n keep_v their_o anniversary_n day_n and_o recommend_v their_o example_n to_o the_o imitation_n of_o other_o in_o the_o former_a discourse_n i_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o justin_n martyr_n theophilus_n antiochenus_fw-la and_o mention_v many_o other_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n viz._n that_o all_o religious_a worship_n be_v due_a only_o to_o god_n and_o with_o this_o double_a caution_n to_o prevent_v cavil_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v without_o make_v any_o distinction_n of_o absolute_a and_o relative_a worship_n which_o they_o must_v have_v be_v drive_v to_o in_o case_n they_o have_v give_v religious_a worship_n to_o any_o beside_o 2._o that_o when_o the_o christian_n refuse_v to_o give_v adoration_n to_o the_o emperor_n it_o can_v not_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o adoration_n proper_a to_o the_o supreme_a god_n for_o none_o can_v be_v so_o senseless_a to_o imagine_v they_o require_v that_o but_o such_o kind_n of_o religious_a worship_n as_o they_o give_v to_o the_o image_n of_o their_o go_n to_o all_o this_o t._n g._n reply_n 340._o i._o that_o these_o testimony_n be_v impertinent_a because_o they_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o that_o divine_a worship_n which_o be_v due_a to_o god_n alone_o and_o not_o of_o the_o inferior_a worship_n which_o belong_v to_o saint_n or_o angel_n may_v he_o not_o as_o well_o have_v say_v that_o they_o prove_v that_o no_o man_n may_v be_v worship_v but_o a_o woman_n may_v for_o the_o force_n of_o the_o testimony_n do_v not_o lie_v mere_o in_o this_o that_o they_o attribute_v divine_a worship_n only_o to_o god_n but_o that_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o most_o general_a term_n which_o signify_v worship_n without_o any_o distinction_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o kind_n of_o that_o worship_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v on_o a_o religious_a account_n for_o no_o man_n of_o common_a sense_n will_v have_v write_v as_o they_o do_v if_o they_o have_v believe_v that_o some_o sort_n of_o religious_a worship_n be_v lawful_a to_o be_v give_v and_o another_o not_o do_v t._n g._n think_v that_o he_o shall_v ever_o escape_v censure_n in_o his_o church_n if_o he_o shall_v say_v peremptory_o that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o give_v any_o kind_n of_o religious_a worship_n to_o a_o creature_n when_o the_o very_a indices_fw-la of_o the_o father_n can_v escape_v the_o index_n expurgatorius_fw-la for_o blab_a so_o great_a a_o truth_n no_o we_o shall_v have_v t._n g._n present_o out_o with_o his_o distinction_n worship_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n supreme_a call_v latria_n inferior_a call_v dulia_n religious_a may_v be_v take_v in_o two_o sense_n 1._o that_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o virtue_n of_o religion_n and_o that_o be_v proper_a to_o god_n 2._o that_o which_o tend_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o religion_n and_o that_o may_v be_v give_v to_o creature_n and_o thus_o will_v the_o father_n have_v write_v if_o they_o have_v ever_o look_v over_o aristotle_n threshold_n and_o be_v of_o t._n g_n mind_n and_o therefore_o my_o argument_n which_o proceed_v upon_o the_o general_a term_n of_o the_o father_n without_o intimate_v any_o such_o distinction_n do_v hold_v good_a that_o either_o they_o do_v not_o write_v like_o understand_a man_n or_o they_o know_v no_o such_o distinction_n as_o these_o 2._o that_o although_o justin_n martyr_n and_o theophilus_n deny_v divine_a worship_n to_o be_v give_v to_o emperor_n yet_o they_o both_o imply_v 342._o that_o lawful_a worship_n
little_a too_o hasty_a to_o be_v so_o soon_o angry_a at_o the_o sight_n of_o they_o for_o upon_o this_o ground_n his_o spirit_n may_v be_v stir_v within_o he_o at_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o altar_n and_o devotion_n in_o rome_n as_o well_o as_o athens_n but_o s._n paul_n do_v not_o wait_v for_o any_o decree_n of_o the_o areopagus_n in_o this_o matter_n he_o see_v enough_o to_o inflame_v his_o zeal_n in_o their_o practice_n and_o public_a worship_n without_o look_v after_o any_o distinction_n of_o their_o sophister_n and_o school-divines_a although_o there_o be_v many_o upon_o the_o place_n ready_a to_o justify_v every_o rite_n of_o their_o worship_n and_o that_o will_v not_o let_v go_v one_o tittle_n of_o their_o gross_a superstition_n for_o all_o the_o truth_n and_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n they_o can_v find_v out_o as_o many_o analogy_n and_o metaphorical_a signification_n as_o other_o man_n and_o think_v it_o as_o little_a disparagement_n to_o the_o deity_n to_o worship_v he_o under_o the_o several_a representation_n of_o minerva_n ceres_n or_o bacchus_n when_o by_o these_o they_o understand_v the_o several_a effect_n of_o god_n wisdom_n and_o goodness_n in_o give_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o other_o can_n in_o represent_v he_o as_o a_o old_a man_n with_o a_o pope_n crown_n on_o his_o head_n or_o with_o one_o head_n and_o three_o face_n as_o some_o that_o be_v no_o athenian_n have_v do_v for_o god_n sake_n which_o of_o the_o two_o be_v more_o apt_a to_o beget_v in_o man_n mind_n such_o apprehension_n of_o god_n that_o he_o be_v like_a to_o man_n those_o who_o make_v and_o expose_v such_o image_n of_o the_o god_n they_o worship_v or_o such_o who_o make_v a_o inscription_n upon_o a_o altar_n to_o the_o unknown_a god_n and_o if_o he_o be_v unknown_a how_o come_v they_o to_o know_v he_o to_o be_v so_o like_o themselves_o what_o need_n s._n paul_n take_v such_o pain_n to_o drive_v a_o conceit_n out_o of_o their_o head_n which_o for_o all_o that_o we_o see_v never_o enter_v into_o they_o if_o indeed_o s._n paul_n have_v see_v over_o that_o altar_n a_o grave_a image_n of_o a_o man_n in_o pontifical_a robe_n with_o a_o hoary_a head_n a_o long_a beard_n and_o a_o triple_a crown_n he_o will_v probable_o have_v ask_v they_o how_o the_o athenian_n that_o be_v witty_a man_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o such_o a_o absurdity_n to_o call_v that_o a_o altar_n to_o the_o unknown_a god_n when_o they_o be_v so_o familiar_o acquaint_v with_o he_o as_o to_o know_v the_o very_a cut_v of_o his_o beard_n and_o fashion_n of_o his_o crown_n but_o as_o superstitious_a as_o the_o athenian_n be_v they_o be_v not_o so_o ridiculous_a but_o yet_o because_o they_o suppose_v this_o god_n may_v be_v please_v with_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o idol_n that_o be_v not_o only_o in_o the_o temple_n but_o in_o the_o street_n and_o forum_n of_o athens_n where_o thucydides_n say_v 6._o there_o be_v twelve_o altar_n therefore_o s._n paul_n discourse_v of_o this_o god_n after_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o to_o show_v how_o unsuitable_a such_o a_o way_n of_o worship_n be_v to_o his_o nature_n and_o perfection_n 1._o from_o his_o infinite_a power_n v_o 24_o 25._o god_n that_o make_v the_o world_n and_o all_o thing_n in_o it_o see_v that_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n dwell_v not_o in_o temple_n make_v with_o hand_n neither_o be_v worship_v with_o man_n hand_n can_v any_o thing_n be_v plain_a than_o that_o here_o s._n paul_n dispute_v against_o their_o worship_n and_o not_o their_o opinion_n he_o find_v no_o fault_n with_o their_o opinion_n about_o the_o true_a god_n but_o only_o that_o it_o be_v not_o clear_a and_o distinct_a enough_o in_o that_o he_o be_v too_o much_o the_o unknown_a god_n among_o they_o he_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o one_o supreme_a god_n creator_n of_o the_o world_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o they_o and_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o that_o infinite_a power_n of_o he_o he_o show_v how_o unreasonable_a it_o be_v for_o they_o to_o circumscribe_v he_o within_o their_o temple_n or_o to_o worship_v he_o by_o their_o image_n for_o what_o be_v all_o these_o image_n of_o you_o which_o you_o be_v so_o fond_a of_o and_o so_o unwilling_a to_o part_v with_o although_o they_o be_v the_o statue_n of_o phidias_n or_o polycletus_n or_o the_o picture_n of_o xeux_n or_o apelles_n yet_o still_o they_o be_v but_o the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n and_o what_o be_v these_o to_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n which_o he_o have_v make_v if_o any_o image_n deserve_v worship_n it_o be_v one_o of_o god_n make_v and_o not_o of_o your_o own_o but_o since_o no_o image_n can_v represent_v the_o infinite_a perfection_n of_o the_o great_a creator_n never_o think_v to_o honour_v he_o by_o your_o foolish_a puppet_n and_o baby_n of_o dirt_n and_o day_n this_o be_v the_o design_n of_o the_o apostle_n argument_n but_o what_o do_v this_o signify_v to_o their_o think_v the_o divinity_n to_o be_v like_o themselves_o for_o whether_o god_n be_v like_a or_o unlike_a to_o their_o image_n yet_o still_o they_o be_v the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n as_o a_o picture_n be_v still_o the_o work_n of_o the_o painter_n although_o never_o so_o unlike_o the_o person_n for_o who_o it_o be_v intend_v but_o s._n paul_n condemn_v they_o for_o worship_v god_n with_o the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n i._n e._n with_o image_n and_o statue_n as_o be_v infinite_o below_o the_o greatness_n of_o that_o divine_a power_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o which_o we_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o he_o 2._o from_o his_o infinite_a perfection_n manifest_v by_o his_o selfsufficiency_n need_v nothing_o v_o 25._o and_o from_o his_o communicate_v to_o his_o creature_n what_o be_v needful_a for_o they_o see_v he_o give_v to_o all_o life_n and_o breath_n and_o all_o thing_n now_o what_o can_v there_o be_v more_o unsuitable_a to_o the_o honour_n of_o such_o a_o be_v than_o to_o be_v worship_v by_o such_o dull_a senseless_a contemptible_a piece_n of_o earth_n which_o have_v not_o in_o they_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o mean_a animal_n to_o who_o god_n have_v give_v life_n and_o breath_n that_o be_v so_o far_o from_o represent_v the_o perfection_n and_o selfsufficiency_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n that_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o able_a to_o help_v themselves_o but_o when_o by_o the_o help_n of_o wedge_n and_o beetle_n a_o image_n be_v cleave_v out_o of_o the_o trunk_n of_o some_o well_o grow_v tree_n that_o little_o dream_v of_o the_o honour_n which_o be_v like_a to_o come_v to_o the_o dull_a part_n about_o it_o after_o it_o shall_v pass_v through_o the_o several_a refining_n of_o the_o carpenter_n axe_n who_o blow_n it_o endure_v with_o admirable_a patience_n and_o of_o the_o painter_n pencil_n who_o miniature_n add_v much_o beauty_n and_o glory_n to_o it_o yet_o after_o all_o the_o skill_n of_o artificer_n to_o set_v forth_o such_o a_o divine_a block_n it_o can_v one_o moment_n secure_v itself_o from_o be_v eat_v by_o worm_n or_o defile_v by_o bird_n or_o cut_v in_o piece_n by_o axe_n or_o if_o any_o of_o these_o sail_n from_o decay_v through_o mere_a stand_n or_o suppose_v this_o worshipful_a idol_n be_v make_v of_o a_o hard_a substance_n and_o after_o its_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o saw_v and_o carve_v and_o polish_a and_o with_o much_o ado_n bring_v into_o the_o resemblance_n of_o a_o man_n and_o a_o rude_a symbol_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o set_v up_o for_o the_o adoration_n of_o mankind_n yet_o still_o it_o want_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v above_o the_o utmost_a power_n of_o man_n but_o be_v give_v to_o the_o least_o mite_n viz._n life_n and_o sense_n and_o motion_n and_o a_o admirable_a contrivance_n of_o the_o instrument_n of_o these_o yet_o such_o mean_a and_o pitiful_a thing_n as_o these_o will_v the_o folly_n of_o mankind_n find_v out_o to_o represent_v the_o great_a and_o the_o most_o perfect_a be_v in_o the_o world_n judge_v now_o whether_o thing_n that_o want_v life_n and_o breath_n and_o all_o thing_n be_v fit_a mean_n whereby_o to_o worship_v he_o who_o give_v all_o these_o thing_n to_o his_o creature_n or_o whether_o those_o thing_n which_o need_v the_o art_n of_o man_n to_o make_v they_o and_o his_o continual_a care_n to_o preserve_v they_o be_v fit_a to_o represent_v that_o be_v which_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o nothing_o 3._o from_o his_o infinite_a presence_n v_o 27_o 28._o that_o they_o shall_v seek_v the_o lord_n if_o haply_o they_o may_v feel_v after_o he_o and_o find_v he_o though_o he_o be_v not_o far_o from_o every_o one_o of_o we_o for_o in_o he_o we_o live_v and_o move_v and_o have_v our_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o plausible_a argument_n of_o
that_o the_o athenian_n do_v worship_v the_o true_a god_n and_o that_o in_o case_n the_o inscription_n have_v run_v only_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n s._n paul_n have_v draw_v a_o conclusion_n out_o of_o false_a premise_n whereas_o isidore_n pelusiota_n admire_v the_o irresistible_a force_n of_o s._n paul_n reason_n 346._o be_v build_v upon_o premise_n which_o be_v confess_v by_o the_o adversary_n as_o he_o dispute_v with_o the_o jew_n out_o of_o the_o scripture_n so_o he_o do_v with_o the_o man_n of_o athens_n from_o the_o inscription_n on_o one_o of_o their_o own_o altar_n this_o be_v then_o take_v for_o grant_v by_o s._n paul_n that_o the_o athenian_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n how_o come_v they_o to_o be_v charge_v with_o idolatry_n in_o worship_v image_n if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n by_o a_o image_n especial_o since_o their_o intention_n be_v as_o ferus_fw-la say_v express_o 203._o by_o their_o idol_n to_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n i_o beseech_v t._n g._n to_o reconcile_v this_o if_o he_o can_v with_o make_v idolatry_n to_o consist_v in_o take_v image_n for_o god_n or_o for_o the_o representation_n of_o false_a god_n for_o here_o be_v neither_o and_o yet_o the_o athenian_n be_v condemn_v for_o idolatry_n and_o ferus_fw-la confess_v that_o those_o be_v idol_n whereby_o they_o design_v to_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n how_o can_v that_o be_v if_o action_n pass_v whither_o they_o be_v intend_v for_o how_o can_v that_o worship_n be_v terminate_v on_o a_o image_n according_a to_o t._n g_n divinity_n which_o be_v design_v to_o pass_v through_o it_o to_o god_n and_o that_o the_o true_a god_n be_v mean_v by_o the_o athenian_n corn._n à _fw-la lapide_fw-la say_v 17.23_o be_v manifest_a from_o hence_o that_o s._n paul_n be_v otherwise_o bind_v to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o true_a god_n which_o they_o worship_v and_o to_o tell_v they_o who_o be_v the_o true_a whereas_o here_o s._n paul_n say_v he_o declare_v to_o they_o the_o same_o god_n who_o they_o ignorant_o worship_v which_o have_v be_v very_o unbecoming_a the_o sincerity_n and_o faithfulness_n of_o so_o great_a a_o apostle_n in_o case_n he_o know_v they_o do_v not_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n when_o he_o tell_v they_o they_o do_v for_o this_o be_v at_o once_o to_o deceive_v to_o flatter_v to_o betray_v they_o and_o that_o in_o a_o matter_n upon_o which_o the_o salvation_n of_o their_o soul_n do_v depend_v which_o of_o all_o person_n be_v most_o unworthy_a of_o the_o apostle_n of_o the_o gentile_n who_o business_n it_o be_v to_o turn_v man_n from_o idol_n to_o god_n to_o serve_v the_o true_a and_o live_a god_n 1.9_o but_o t._n g._n ask_v 97._o to_o what_o purpose_n this_o place_n be_v bring_v by_o i_o if_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v it_o before_o i_o hope_v he_o will_v do_v it_o now_o except_o i_o intend_v he_o say_v the_o reader_n to_o believe_v the_o papist_n to_o be_v no_o wise_a than_o the_o athenian_n i_o wish_v in_o this_o matter_n they_o be_v as_o wise_a for_o it_o be_v better_o for_o they_o to_o erect_v altar_n to_o a_o unknown_a god_n than_o to_o make_v those_o absurd_a scandalous_a and_o horrible_a representation_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o trinity_n from_o whence_o some_o of_o the_o antitrinitarian_n have_v take_v occasion_n to_o expose_v that_o sacred_a mystery_n to_o scorn_n and_o contempt_n and_o have_v publish_v a_o book_n on_o purpose_n to_o set_v forth_o the_o image_n of_o the_o trinity_n which_o be_v public_o see_v and_o allow_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n but_o the_o athenian_n he_o tell_v we_o from_o s._n chrysostom_n be_v so_o possess_v with_o a_o wrong_a apprehension_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n that_o when_o they_o hear_v s._n paul_n speak_v of_o anastasis_fw-la they_o think_v she_o to_o be_v some_o new_a goddess_n if_o they_o have_v go_v much_o far_a and_o worship_v this_o anastasis_fw-la i_o think_v the_o athenian_n have_v do_v no_o worse_o than_o those_o who_o worship_n with_o solemn_a devotion_n saint_n that_o never_o be_v in_o the_o world_n and_o after_o so_o long_a a_o time_n of_o worship_n of_o s._n christopher_n and_o s._n george_n the_o wise_a among_o they_o can_v to_o this_o day_n tell_v whether_o they_o be_v saint_n or_o allegory_n and_o if_o t._n g._n please_v he_o shall_v take_v baronius_n his_o saint_n synoris_fw-la to_o join_v with_o the_o athenian_a goddess_n anastasis_fw-la or_o if_o this_o will_v not_o content_v he_o let_v he_o take_v other_o three_o saint_n which_o he_o may_v find_v in_o some_o old_a litany_n litaniis_fw-la of_o their_o church_n as_o i_o have_v do_v viz._n s._n faith_n s._n hope_v and_o s._n charity_n all_o three_o daughter_n of_o a_o grave_a matron_n call_v s._n sapientia_fw-la but_o which_o far_o outgo_v the_o athenian_a devotion_n every_o one_o of_o these_o have_v a_o ora_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la add_v to_o it_o but_o what_o work_n will_v t._n g._n have_v make_v with_o the_o poor_a athenian_n if_o they_o have_v cry_v sancta_fw-la anastasis_fw-la ora_fw-la pro_fw-la nobis_fw-la yet_o he_o may_v find_v as_o gross_a absurdity_n near_a home_n 4._o i_o now_o come_v to_o the_o second_o place_n rom._n 1.21_o 23._o in_o which_o t._n g._n say_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a than_o that_o the_o apostle_n speak_v there_o of_o the_o idol_n or_o image_n of_o the_o heathen_n for_o after_o he_o have_v lay_v down_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o he_o condemn_v viz._n that_o although_o they_o know_v god_n yet_o they_o do_v not_o glorify_v he_o as_o god_n but_o change_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o incorruptible_a god_n into_o a_o image_n make_v like_a to_o corruptible_a man_n he_o add_v also_o and_o to_o bird_n and_o fourfooted_a beast_n and_o creep_a thing_n which_o word_n he_o say_v be_v clap_v under_o deck_n by_o i_o with_o a_o &c._n &c._n because_o they_o plain_o declare_v what_o kind_n of_o image_n the_o apostle_n mean_v and_o then_o v_o 25._o tell_v we_o that_o by_o so_o do_v they_o change_v the_o truth_n of_o god_n into_o a_o lie_n and_o worship_v and_o serve_v the_o creature_n rather_o than_o the_o creator_n which_o word_n he_o say_v be_v so_o plain_a that_o i_o have_v no_o way_n to_o evade_v they_o but_o by_o say_v that_o the_o apostle_n discourse_v against_o the_o philosopher_n and_o the_o wise_a heathen_n who_o he_o prove_v from_o s._n chrysostom_n to_o have_v be_v guilty_a of_o the_o same_o idolatry_n with_o the_o people_n and_o instance_n in_o the_o egyptian_n and_o plato_n and_o socrates_n who_o command_v a_o cock_n to_o be_v offer_v to_o aesculapius_n for_o the_o clear_n the_o sense_n of_o this_o place_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v 1._o who_o the_o person_n be_v that_o s._n paul_n speak_v off_o 2._o what_o he_o affirm_v concern_v they_o 1._o t._n g._n say_v the_o word_n be_v so_o plain_a that_o i_o can_v find_v no_o evasion_n but_o to_o say_v that_o the_o apostle_n do_v not_o discourse_n against_o the_o most_o gross_a and_o sottish_a idolater_n but_o the_o philosopher_n and_o the_o wise_a among_o they_o but_o do_v t._n g._n in_o good_a earnest_n call_v this_o a_o evasion_n be_v it_o a_o evasion_n in_o cajetan_a loc_n when_o he_o say_v s._n paul_n here_o reprove_v the_o sin_n of_o the_o philosopher_n and_o that_o the_o philosopher_n be_v they_o who_o detain_v the_o truth_n in_o unrighteousness_n that_o the_o philosopher_n do_v either_o make_v or_o worship_n image_n therefore_o they_o change_v the_o glory_n due_a to_o god_n be_v it_o nothing_o but_o mere_a evasion_n in_o vasquez_n loc_n when_o he_o say_v the_o apostle_n design_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o philosopher_n both_o have_v the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o god_n and_o hold_v it_o in_o unrighteousness_n or_o in_o estius_n loc_n when_o he_o say_v in_o plain_a term_n the_o apostle_n speak_v of_o the_o philosopher_n and_o instance_v in_o pythagoras_n socrates_n plato_n aristotle_n trismegist_n and_o seneca_n who_o although_o they_o do_v know_v the_o true_a god_n yet_o none_o of_o they_o worship_v he_o as_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v i_o need_v not_o mention_v s._n austin_n who_o in_o many_o place_n apply_v this_o to_o the_o philosopher_n as_o appear_v by_o beda_n commentary_n loc_n when_o even_o the_o word_n of_o s._n chrysostom_n show_v this_o to_o be_v far_o enough_o from_o a_o evasion_n what_o be_v that_o to_o the_o philosopher_n marry_o i_o answer_v as_o t.g._n translate_v he_o that_o what_o have_v be_v say_v most_o of_o all_o concern_v they_o but_o this_o do_v not_o full_o express_v his_o meaning_n for_o his_o word_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o as_o some_o copy_n read_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v do_v most_o of_o all_o concern_v they_o or_o altogether_o and_o the_o greek_a
scholiast_n say_v that_o it_o be_v plain_a s._n paul_n strike_v at_o the_o wise_a man_n among_o the_o greek_n and_o those_o who_o be_v like_o they_o origen_n say_v he_o speak_v of_o some_o of_o the_o wise_a man_n of_o greece_n by_o these_o and_o many_o more_o testimony_n if_o it_o be_v needful_a to_o heap_v they_o in_o so_o clear_a a_o case_n it_o appear_v sufficient_o that_o this_o be_v no_o evasion_n of_o i_o but_o the_o natural_a sense_n which_o their_o own_o commentator_n and_o the_o father_n agree_v in_o 2._o as_o to_o what_o the_o apostle_n affirm_v of_o they_o viz._n that_o they_o hold_v the_o truth_n in_o unrighteousness_n v_o 18._o i._n e._n say_v the_o greek_a scholiast_n that_o they_o give_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n to_o idol_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n be_v truth_n and_o the_o deceitfulness_n of_o idol_n be_v unrighteousness_n hear_v say_v theophylact_v what_o it_o be_v to_o detain_v the_o truth_n in_o unrighteousness_n the_o truth_n or_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n be_v natural_o put_v into_o all_o man_n mind_n from_o the_o beginning_n this_o knowledge_n or_o truth_n the_o greek_n hold_v in_o unrighteousness_n i._n e._n they_o do_v all_o the_o injury_n to_o it_o they_o can_v by_o give_v the_o glory_n of_o god_n to_o idol_n and_o both_o herein_o follow_v s._n chrysostom_n who_o say_v they_o do_v it_o by_o give_v the_o glory_n of_o god_n to_o wood_n and_o stone_n this_o the_o apostle_n afterward_o enlarge_v upon_o when_o he_o say_v that_o know_v god_n they_o do_v not_o glorify_v he_o as_o god_n neither_o be_v thankful_a but_o become_v vain_a in_o their_o imagination_n and_o their_o foolish_a heart_n be_v darken_v profess_v themselves_o to_o be_v wise_a they_o become_v fool_n and_o change_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o incorruptible_a god_n into_o a_o image_n make_v like_a to_o corruptible_a man_n and_o to_o bird_n and_o fourfooted_a beast_n and_o creep_a thing_n and_o for_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o charge_n i_o be_o content_a to_o appeal_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o most_o allow_a interpreter_n on_o both_o side_n that_o hat_n have_v not_o be_v party_n in_o the_o quarrel_n they_o think_v themselves_o wise_a say_v s._n hierom_n or_o the_o author_n of_o the_o commentary_n under_o his_o name_n as_o those_o that_o have_v find_v out_o quomodo_fw-la invisibilis_fw-la deus_fw-la per_fw-la simulachrum_fw-la visibile_fw-la coleretur_fw-la how_o a_o invisible_a god_n may_v be_v worship_v by_o a_o visible_a representation_n which_o be_v the_o sense_n of_o simulachrum_fw-la there_o for_o he_o suppose_v the_o worship_n to_o be_v direct_v to_o the_o invisible_a god_n through_o the_o image_n and_o therefore_o the_o image_n can_v not_o be_v take_v either_o for_o god_n or_o a_o representation_n of_o a_o false_a god_n so_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o clear_a to_o use_v t._n g_n word_n according_a to_o s._n hierom_n than_o that_o t._n g._n profess_v to_o be_v wise_a do_v thereby_o discover_v his_o folly_n when_o he_o say_v that_o s._n paul_n speak_v of_o those_o who_o take_v the_o image_n themselves_o for_o god_n or_o worship_v the_o image_n of_o false_a go_n and_o the_o philosopher_n profess_v to_o be_v wise_a do_v become_v fool_n because_o say_v s._n hierom_n they_o do_v not_o understand_v that_o what_o be_v mortal_a and_o corruptible_a can_v have_v no_o resemblance_n to_o what_o be_v immortal_a and_o eternal_a the_o greek_a scholiast_n say_v they_o become_v vain_a in_o their_o imagination_n when_o they_o will_v represent_v he_o in_o a_o figure_n that_o have_v none_o and_o comprehend_v he_o in_o corporeal_a image_n that_o be_v whole_o spiritual_a not_o as_o though_o they_o be_v such_o fool_n to_o think_v to_o shut_v up_o infinity_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o a_o image_n but_o to_o comprehend_v there_o be_v take_v with_o relation_n to_o that_o representation_n which_o convey_v a_o thing_n to_o the_o mind_n and_o so_o he_o use_v it_o a_o little_a after_o they_o think_v themselves_o wise_a because_o they_o think_v they_o can_v comprehend_v every_o thing_n and_o so_o the_o image_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v such_o a_o species_n as_o do_v convey_v a_o intellectual_a be_v to_o the_o mind_n the_o same_o word_n be_v use_v by_o theophylact_fw-mi which_o they_o both_o borrow_v from_o s._n chrysostom_n who_o condemn_v the_o greek_n for_o their_o folly_n not_o for_o comprehend_v but_o for_o seek_v a_o spiritual_a and_o incorporeal_a be_v in_o corporeal_a image_n and_o what_o can_v be_v more_o foolish_a say_v the_o scholiast_n and_o theophylact_fw-mi than_o to_o fall_v down_o before_o stock_n and_o stone_n and_o origen_n do_v express_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o apostle_n in_o this_o place_n as_o full_o as_o i_o can_v desire_v when_o he_o apply_v all_o these_o expression_n to_o those_o that_o have_v a_o right_a notion_n and_o conception_n of_o god_n in_o their_o mind_n but_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o all_o sort_n of_o image_n as_o well_o of_o beast_n 277._o as_o of_o man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o in_o truth_n the_o apostle_n supposition_n be_v allow_v that_o these_o philosopher_n do_v know_v the_o true_a god_n and_o his_o eternal_a power_n and_o godhead_n we_o must_v suppose_v they_o to_o be_v turn_v stark_o stare_a fool_n that_o shall_v take_v the_o image_n either_o of_o man_n or_o beast_n to_o be_v god_n but_o it_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o philosopher_n practice_n and_o opinion_n to_o give_v external_a worship_n to_o these_o image_n when_o they_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n do_v direct_v that_o external_a worship_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o invisible_a deity_n but_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o and_o the_o former_a place_n will_v be_v make_v more_o evident_a by_o a_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o controversy_n about_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n between_o the_o christian_n and_o heathen_n 5._o 1._o whether_o it_o be_v that_o the_o heathen_n take_v their_o image_n for_o proper_a 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of_o thing_n but_o the_o arbitrary_a institution_n of_o man_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o note_n and_o character_n of_o tyro_n and_o seneca_n of_o which_o no_o account_n can_v be_v give_v why_o they_o represent_v one_o thing_n rather_o than_o another_o but_o only_o the_o will_n of_o the_o maker_n of_o they_o thus_o if_o man_n agree_v that_o a_o spear_n a_o cymiter_n a_o trunk_n a_o mountain_n a_o rude_a stone_n or_o a_o pyramid_n shall_v be_v set_v up_o to_o represent_v the_o deity_n to_o they_o which_o they_o worship_v every_o one_o of_o these_o do_v thereby_o become_v the_o image_n of_o that_o deity_n herodotus_n solinus_n clemens_n alexandrinus_n arnobius_n and_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n 31._o all_o agree_v that_o the_o ancient_a scythian_n have_v no_o other_o image_n of_o a_o deity_n among_o they_o but_o only_o a_o scythian_a sword_n
by_o a_o image_n since_o image_n be_v intend_v to_o represent_v the_o absent_a but_o god_n be_v every_o where_o present_a but_o if_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v any_o image_n of_o god_n which_o he_o call_v simulachrum_fw-la dei_fw-la and_o sure_o do_v not_o signify_v a_o idol_n in_o t._n g_n sense_n and_o i_o hope_v here_o he_o will_v not_o charge_v i_o with_o want_n of_o fidelity_n in_o translate_n it_o image_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v live_v and_o sensible_a because_o god_n live_v for_o ever_o therefore_o that_o can_v be_v the_o image_n of_o god_n that_o be_v make_v by_o the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n but_o man_n himself_o who_o give_v all_o the_o art_n and_o beauty_n to_o they_o which_o they_o have_v but_o poor_a silly_a man_n as_o they_o be_v they_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o if_o their_o image_n have_v sense_n and_o motion_n they_o will_v worship_v the_o man_n that_o make_v they_o and_o bring_v they_o into_o such_o a_o curious_a figure_n out_o of_o rude_a and_o unpolished_a matter_n 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religio_fw-la nulla_fw-la sit_fw-la ubicunque_fw-la simulachrum_fw-la est_fw-la wherefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o true_a religion_n where_o there_o be_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n no_o although_o it_o be_v simulachrum_fw-la dei_fw-la the_o worship_n of_o god_n by_o a_o image_n for_o his_o reason_n hold_v against_o all_o religion_n say_v he_o be_v a_o divine_a thing_n and_o whatever_o be_v divine_a be_v heavenly_a but_o whatever_o be_v in_o image_n be_v earthy_a and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o religion_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n what_o sport_n do_v tertullian_n minucius_n and_o arnobius_n make_v with_o the_o image_n which_o be_v consecrate_v to_o divine_a worship_n 6._o from_o the_o meanness_n of_o the_o matter_n they_o be_v make_v of_o the_o pain_n and_o art_n that_o be_v use_v to_o bring_v they_o into_o their_o shape_n the_o casualty_n of_o fire_n and_o rottenness_n and_o defilement_n they_o be_v subject_a to_o and_o many_o other_o topic_n on_o purpose_n to_o represent_v the_o ridiculousness_n of_o worship_v such_o thing_n or_o god_n by_o they_o o_o say_v arnobius_n that_o i_o can_v but_o enter_v into_o the_o bowel_n of_o a_o image_n and_o lay_v before_o you_o all_o the_o worthy_a material_n they_o be_v make_v up_o of_o that_o i_o can_v but_o dissect_v before_o you_o a_o jupiter_n olympius_n and_o capitolinus_n yet_o these_o be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o supreme_a god_n will_v man_n ever_o have_v be_v such_o fool_n to_o have_v expose_v themselves_o rather_o than_o such_o image_n to_o laughter_n and_o scorn_n if_o they_o have_v use_v any_o such_o themselves_o or_o think_v they_o capable_a of_o relative_a divine_a worship_n how_o easy_o will_v a_o heathen_a of_o common_a understanding_n have_v stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o these_o powerful_a orator_n with_o say_v but_o a_o few_o such_o word_n to_o any_o one_o of_o they_o fair_a and_o soft_a good_a sir_n while_o you_o declaim_v so_o much_o against_o our_o image_n think_v of_o 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it_o to_o make_v the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n to_o represent_v the_o figure_n and_o form_n of_o god_n for_o the_o divine_a nature_n must_v be_v conceive_v with_o a_o clear_a and_o pure_a understanding_n free_a from_o all_o corruptible_a matter_n but_o that_o image_n of_o god_n in_o the_o likeness_n of_o man_n contain_v only_o the_o image_n of_o a_o mortal_a man_n and_o that_o not_o of_o all_o of_o he_o but_o of_o the_o worst_a part_n only_o without_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o life_n or_o soul_n how_o then_o can_v the_o god_n over_o all_o and_o the_o mind_n which_o frame_v the_o world_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v represent_v in_o brass_n or_o ivory_n s._n augustin_n 5._o relate_v the_o say_n of_o varro_n about_o represent_v god_n by_o the_o image_n of_o a_o man_n body_n which_o contain_v his_o soul_n which_o resemble_v god_n say_v that_o herein_o he_o lose_v that_o prudence_n and_o sobriety_n he_o discover_v in_o say_v that_o those_o who_o first_o bring_v in_o image_n among_o the_o 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this_o conclusion_n of_o his_o be_v condemn_v as_o scandalous_a and_o against_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n yet_o he_o conclude_v his_o apology_n with_o say_v that_o if_o he_o have_v universal_o condemn_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n his_o proposition_n have_v be_v heretical_a from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o these_o person_n who_o do_v agree_v in_o the_o practice_n yet_o because_o they_o say_v the_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v only_o improper_o and_o abusive_o be_v not_o think_v to_o believe_v or_o do_v what_o the_o church_n require_v therefore_o suarez_n say_v â—â—_z 1._o that_o it_o be_v defy_v or_o a_o article_n of_o faith_n imagine_v esse_fw-la adorandas_fw-la that_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v and_o that_o to_o be_v own_a not_o in_o any_o limit_a and_o improper_a sense_n but_o absolute_o and_o simple_o which_o article_n he_o say_v be_v found_v in_o the_o tradition_n and_o definition_n of_o the_o church_n and_o he_o prove_v it_o by_o the_o 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image_n for_o memory_n and_o only_o deny_v their_o worship_n to_o which_o he_o subjoin_v this_o reason_n either_o the_o image_n true_o and_o in_o itself_o be_v at_o least_o the_o material_a object_n of_o worship_n total_a or_o partial_a or_o it_o be_v not_o if_o it_o be_v the_o thing_n be_v grant_v if_o not_o then_o in_o plain_a term_n the_o image_n be_v not_o worship_v for_o it_o be_v neither_o the_o formal_a nor_o the_o material_a object_n of_o worship_n but_o only_o the_o occasion_n or_o sign_n exciting_a man_n to_o worship_v the_o thing_n represent_v and_o according_a to_o this_o opinion_n the_o heretic_n will_v speak_v more_o proper_o than_o the_o catholic_n for_o he_o that_o at_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o beautiful_a creature_n be_v excite_v to_o praise_n or_o love_v the_o creator_n can_v be_v say_v to_o praise_v or_o love_v the_o creature_n although_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o creature_n do_v raise_v that_o devotion_n therefore_o say_v he_o the_o nicene_n council_n do_v condemn_v this_o opinion_n when_o it_o condemn_v those_o who_o say_v that_o image_n do_v only_o serve_v for_o memory_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v all_o the_o use_n that_o opinion_n allow_v they_o and_o when_o the_o nicene_n council_n declare_v the_o worship_n give_v to_o image_n not_o to_o be_v latria_n for_o if_o no_o more_o worship_n be_v allow_v but_o only_o worship_v the_o object_n in_o presence_n of_o the_o image_n than_o the_o most_o perfect_a latria_n may_v be_v give_v to_o christ_n before_o the_o image_n and_o consequent_o the_o worship_n in_o that_o abusive_a and_o improper_a sense_n may_v be_v latria_n which_o the_o council_n deny_v and_o far_o the_o same_o council_n say_v that_o not_o only_o the_o exemplar_n may_v be_v worship_v in_o the_o image_n but_o that_o the_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o exemplar_n by_o which_o it_o determine_v the_o image_n to_o be_v the_o object_n of_o worship_n although_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v the_o thing_n represent_v 3._o suarez_n say_v that_o not_o only_o the_o external_a act_n of_o adoration_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v towards_o image_n but_o the_o very_a intention_n of_o worship_n to_o be_v direct_v towards_o they_o for_o even_o durandus_fw-la himself_o do_v allow_v the_o external_a act_n to_o be_v do_v towards_o they_o and_o because_o the_o inward_a intention_n he_o say_v be_v direct_v to_o the_o exemplar_n therefore_o he_o say_v the_o image_n be_v only_o say_v abusive_o to_o be_v worship_v for_o which_o assertion_n suarez_n give_v these_o reason_n 1._o the_o external_a act_n without_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v no_o proper_a worship_n but_o only_o counterfeit_v and_o leontius_n quote_v in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a say_v in_o all_o worship_n the_o inward_a intention_n be_v require_v 2._o from_o many_o passage_n in_o that_o council_n imply_v that_o the_o intention_n of_o worship_n ought_v to_o be_v about_o the_o image_n because_o they_o be_v say_v to_o deserve_v worship_n and_o from_o the_o say_n of_o epiphanius_n basilius_n adrianus_n tarasius_n there_o extant_a and_o elias_n cretensis_n who_o say_v he_o do_v perfect_o worship_v they_o which_o can_v not_o be_v without_o the_o inward_a intention_n and_o from_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n which_o call_v it_o due_a honour_n and_o worship_n but_o it_o can_v be_v any_o true_a honour_n without_o the_o inward_a intention_n 3._o to_o perform_v the_o external_a act_n of_o worship_n before_o a_o image_n be_v either_o to_o worship_v it_o or_o not_o if_o it_o be_v than_o the_o inward_a intention_n be_v grant_v but_o since_o there_o may_v be_v a_o distinction_n between_o the_o intention_n of_o worship_n and_o the_o intention_n of_o perform_v the_o external_a act_n of_o worship_n in_o order_n to_o worship_v it_o be_v not_o only_o necessary_a to_o perform_v the_o material_a act_n but_o to_o do_v they_o with_o the_o intention_n of_o give_v worship_n by_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o enough_o to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v a_o inward_a intention_n but_o the_o outward_a act_n be_v towards_o the_o image_n and_o the_o inward_a intention_n to_o the_o exemplar_n for_o say_v suarez_n as_o true_a worship_n do_v essential_o require_v the_o intention_n of_o worship_n so_o the_o worship_n of_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a thing_n do_v require_v a_o proportionable_a intention_n towards_o that_o thing_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o one_o thing_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o worship_n of_o another_o thing_n distinct_a from_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v some_o way_n participate_v by_o it_o but_o the_o image_n be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o exemplar_n therefore_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o exemplar_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o worship_n of_o the_o image_n unless_o the_o image_n do_v partake_v of_o the_o worship_n and_o consequent_o there_o must_v be_v a_o intention_n of_o give_v worship_n to_o the_o image_n this_o say_v he_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o a_o example_n if_o a_o man_n kiss_v the_o ground_n out_o of_o a_o mere_a intention_n of_o give_v worship_n to_o god_n thereby_o he_o can_v true_o and_o proper_o be_v say_v to_o worship_v the_o ground_n about_o which_o the_o material_a action_n be_v conversant_a but_o only_o god_n to_o who_o he_o direct_v his_o worship_n and_o all_o this_o he_o confirm_v by_o more_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o nicene_n council_n which_o he_o say_v be_v not_o so_o regardless_o about_o the_o manner_n and_o name_n of_o worship_n as_o vasquez_n imagine_v but_o take_v great_a care_n to_o express_v itself_o so_o that_o true_a and_o proper_a worship_n be_v give_v to_o image_n which_o it_o define_v under_o a_o anathema_n and_o although_o it_o use_v other_o word_n of_o salutation_n honour_n etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o make_v these_o equivalent_a to_o that_o real_a worship_n which_o it_o do_v express_o require_v ambros_n catharinus_n say_v 133._o that_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o who_o say_v image_n be_v not_o true_o and_o proper_o to_o be_v worship_v but_o god_n to_o be_v worship_v before_o a_o image_n differ_v very_o little_a from_o those_o who_o deny_v any_o worship_n of_o image_n and_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n because_o we_o direct_v our_o gesture_n our_o word_n and_o sign_n of_o adoration_n to_o the_o image_n to_o which_o likewise_o we_o burn_v incense_v and_o we_o worship_v the_o cross_n say_v o_o crux_fw-la ave_fw-la spes_fw-la unica_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o he_o prove_v at_o large_a by_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a that_o true_a and_o real_a worship_n be_v require_v to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n and_o conclude_v that_o image_n be_v not_o mere_o for_o instruction_n 139._o or_o memory_n or_o exciting_a devotion_n but_o that_o they_o be_v set_v up_o proper_o for_o worship_n therefore_o if_o any_o man_n ask_v another_o súntne_n adorandae_fw-la imagine_v intrepidè_fw-la respondeat_fw-la adorandae_fw-la
we_o may_v fancy_v he_o to_o be_v there_o which_o be_v suppose_v the_o mind_n of_o he_o that_o worship_v be_v carry_v primary_o to_o the_o exemplar_n and_o by_o way_n of_o concomitancy_n to_o the_o image_n not_o believe_v the_o image_n to_o be_v christ_n for_o that_o be_v a_o dangerous_a thing_n but_o that_o it_o do_v represent_v he_o as_o if_o he_o be_v there_o and_o consequent_o this_o imagination_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o perform_v all_o act_n of_o adoration_n to_o the_o image_n as_o if_o the_o person_n of_o christ_n be_v actual_o present_a which_o be_v just_a like_o a_o schoolmaster_n who_o i_o know_v who_o be_v to_o come_v into_o a_o unusual_a presence_n he_o go_v into_o a_o pit_n where_o there_o be_v many_o tree_n and_o although_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v the_o esse_fw-la real_n of_o a_o tree_n yet_o he_o suppose_v they_o to_o have_v a_o distinct_a esse_fw-la repraesentativum_fw-la of_o the_o several_a person_n he_o be_v to_o make_v his_o congee_n too_o and_o have_v thus_o fasten_v the_o esse_fw-la repraesentativum_fw-la of_o the_o person_n to_o the_o proper_a tree_n he_o make_v all_o his_o approach_n and_o with_o the_o same_o compliment_n he_o intend_v to_o use_v to_o the_o person_n themselves_o if_o one_o shall_v have_v surprise_v he_o in_o this_o act_n of_o civil_a worship_n to_o the_o tree_n and_o ask_v he_o whether_o he_o believe_v the_o tree_n to_o be_v the_o person_n who_o name_n he_o call_v they_o by_o he_o will_v no_o doubt_v if_o he_o have_v be_v verse_v in_o school_n divinity_n have_v answer_v to_o this_o very_o subtle_o with_o suarez_n that_o he_o be_v not_o such_o a_o ass_n not_o to_o distinguish_v the_o esse_fw-la real_n of_o the_o tree_n from_o the_o esse_fw-la repraesentativum_fw-la of_o the_o person_n and_o although_o he_o bow_v and_o make_v leg_n to_o the_o tree_n he_o do_v not_o consider_v they_o in_o so_o do_v as_o tree_n but_o as_o represent_v those_o person_n to_o who_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o show_v all_o that_o reverence_n which_o he_o show_v to_o the_o tree_n upon_o the_o imagination_n that_o they_o be_v those_o very_a person_n so_o that_o the_o reverence_n be_v primary_o and_o per_fw-la se_fw-la show_v to_o those_o person_n and_o but_o concomitant_a &_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la and_o after_o a_o inferior_a manner_n to_o the_o tree_n but_o say_v suarez_n the_o image_n be_v not_o so_o proper_o adore_v as_o coadored_n as_o the_o king_n robe_n be_v with_o his_o person_n and_o although_o the_o image_n be_v real_o different_a from_o the_o person_n of_o christ_n yet_o he_o be_v worship_v in_o his_o true_a be_v as_o represent_v by_o the_o image_n and_o as_o it_o be_v vest_v with_o it_o and_o so_o they_o both_o become_v one_o object_n and_o that_o person_n be_v worship_v and_o the_o image_n together_o with_o he_o with_o the_o very_a same_o act_n of_o adoration_n i_o be_o glad_a to_o hear_v that_o say_v the_o schoolmaster_n for_o i_o hope_v by_o this_o mean_n i_o may_v do_v my_o reverence_n to_o the_o person_n themselves_o by_o perform_v they_o to_o they_o as_o represent_v in_o their_o true_a being_n in_o these_o tree_n and_o i_o pray_v sir_n do_v not_o think_v i_o such_o a_o fop_n that_o i_o will_v do_v all_o this_o to_o they_o consider_v as_o tree_n in_o actu_fw-la signato_fw-la for_o i_o consider_v they_o as_o image_n in_o actu_fw-la exercito_fw-la and_o although_o you_o may_v think_v i_o do_v it_o to_o the_o tree_n you_o be_v mistake_v my_o mind_n all_o that_o while_o unite_v the_o person_n represent_v and_o the_o tree_n together_o and_o although_o my_o reverence_n be_v primary_o design_v to_o the_o person_n for_o his_o own_o sake_n and_o to_o the_o tree_n only_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o person_n represent_v yet_o this_o be_v only_o a_o co-reverence_n such_o as_o a_o man_n show_v to_o the_o person_n of_o another_o by_o kiss_v the_o hem_n of_o his_o garment_n only_o there_o the_o person_n be_v real_o vest_v and_o here_o it_o be_v only_o by_o imagination_n 2._o suarez_n say_v 5._o since_o it_o be_v agree_v among_o catholic_n that_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o image_n be_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o exemplar_n that_o may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n 1._o as_o the_o objectum_fw-la quod_fw-la or_o the_o thing_n itself_o worship_v in_o and_o by_o the_o image_n as_o before_o 2._o as_o the_o objectum_fw-la quo_fw-la i._n e._n as_o the_o reason_n of_o give_v worship_n to_o the_o image_n itself_o and_o this_o be_v that_o worship_n which_o vasquez_n charge_v with_o folly_n and_o superstition_n but_o suarez_n undertake_v to_o prove_v this_o to_o be_v a_o possible_a and_o lawful_a worship_n when_o the_o image_n be_v true_o and_o proper_o worship_v non_fw-la adorato_fw-la directè_fw-la ut_fw-la quod_fw-la ipso_fw-la exemplari_fw-la i._n e._n the_o worship_n not_o fix_v immediate_o on_o the_o thing_n represent_v but_o on_o the_o image_n itself_o although_o on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o exemplar_n for_o which_o he_o make_v use_v of_o this_o notable_a argument_n because_o in_o this_o act_n of_o worship_n there_o be_v nothing_o omit_v but_o a_o direct_v the_o intention_n to_o the_o exemplar_n but_o there_o be_v no_o precept_n that_o require_v that_o as_o often_o as_o we_o worship_v the_o image_n we_o ought_v to_o direct_v our_o intention_n far_o than_o the_o image_n itself_o and_o therefore_o that_o worship_n be_v lawful_a and_o although_o a_o inanimate_a thing_n be_v not_o as_o vasquez_n urge_v adorabile_fw-la propter_fw-la se_fw-la yet_o it_o may_v say_v suarez_n with_o wonderful_a subtlety_n be_v adorable_a in_o se_fw-la propter_fw-la aliud_fw-la and_o this_o second_o kind_n of_o worship_n he_o endeavour_v to_o prove_v be_v establish_v by_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o trent_n as_o well_o as_o the_o first_o bellar._n undertake_v to_o clear_v the_o whole_a matter_n by_o these_o proposition_n 25._o 1._o that_o the_o image_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o saint_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v not_o only_a per_fw-la accidens_fw-la or_o impropriè_fw-la but_o per_fw-la se_fw-la &_o propriè_fw-la so_o as_o they_o terminate_v the_o worship_n as_o consider_v in_o themselves_o and_o not_o mere_o as_o they_o represent_v the_o exemplar_n which_o he_o prove_v from_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n which_o decree_v image_n to_o be_v worship_v and_o not_o with_o latria_n but_o if_o the_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o a_o respect_n only_o to_o the_o exemplar_n than_o it_o can_v not_o be_v deny_v that_o a_o image_n of_o christ_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o latria_n 2._o he_o will_v not_o have_v it_o say_v before_o the_o people_n that_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o latria_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a because_o the_o distinction_n necessary_a to_o defend_v it_o be_v too_o subtle_a for_o their_o noddle_n and_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o man_n that_o make_v they_o do_v hardly_o understand_v they_o themselves_o 3._o but_o if_o we_o speak_v among_o ourselves_o and_o of_o the_o plain_a truth_n of_o the_o case_n image_n may_v be_v worship_v with_o latria_n but_o than_o it_o be_v improper_o and_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la as_o it_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o image_n 4._o if_o we_o speak_v of_o worship_n per_fw-la se_fw-la &_o propriè_fw-la so_o no_o image_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o latria_n because_o this_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o nicene_n council_n 5._o yet_o he_o say_v that_o the_o worship_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o image_n per_fw-la se_fw-la &_o propriè_fw-la be_v analogical_o and_o reductive_o the_o same_o that_o be_v give_v to_o the_o exemplar_n i._n e._n the_o worship_n of_o a_o image_n of_o christ_n be_v analogical_a latria_n so_o that_o it_o be_v and_o it_o be_v not_o latria_n it_o be_v so_o but_o we_o must_v not_o say_v so_o yet_o if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o proper_a worship_n of_o image_n that_o be_v not_o so_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v so_o i._n e._n analogical_o and_o improper_o but_o if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o proper_a worship_n of_o latria_n than_o it_o be_v not_o so_o but_o do_v not_o the_o proper_a worship_n of_o latria_n belong_v to_o christ_n person_n therefore_o if_o christ_n person_n be_v worship_v in_o the_o image_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v worship_v with_o latria_n true_o say_v bellarmin_n when_o he_o be_v worship_v in_o his_o own_o person_n but_o not_o as_o he_o be_v in_o a_o image_n by_o participation_n but_o he_o that_o be_v worship_v in_o the_o image_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o true_a object_n of_o latria_n and_o therefore_o christ_n as_o in_o the_o image_n must_v be_v worship_v with_o latria_n if_o representation_n be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o worship_n than_o his_o presence_n be_v suppose_v in_o the_o image_n do_v require_v the_o same_o worship_n as_o they_o say_v be_v due_a to_o he_o under_o
but_o it_o may_v be_v t._n g._n think_v to_o escape_v by_o say_v that_o when_o he_o say_v a_o image_n be_v make_v the_o object_n of_o divine_a worship_n be_v a_o idol_n he_o do_v not_o understand_v it_o of_o a_o image_n of_o god_n but_o when_o the_o image_n itself_o be_v take_v for_o god_n which_o evasion_n can_v do_v he_o no_o service_n for_o 1._o he_o grant_v that_o image_n which_o be_v make_v for_o likeness_n of_o god_n be_v condemn_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o that_o they_o be_v a_o infinite_a disparagement_n to_o the_o divine_a nature_n 2._o i_o have_v at_o large_a show_v that_o in_o the_o roman_a church_n image_n of_o god_n and_o christ_n be_v make_v the_o object_n of_o divine_a worship_n and_o 3._o that_o the_o very_a heathen_n do_v not_o take_v the_o image_n themselves_o for_o go_n â—1_n 4._o the_o place_n he_o answer_v isa._n 40.18_o do_v imply_v that_o the_o image_n of_o the_o divinity_n be_v therefore_o condemn_v because_o nothing_o can_v be_v make_v like_o unto_o god_n but_o of_o that_o afterward_o let_v we_o then_o suppose_v that_o the_o lxx_o have_v particular_a reason_n to_o render_v pesel_n by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o commandment_n 3._o yet_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o representation_n of_o a_o mere_a figment_n for_o worship_n do_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o proper_o so_o natural_o so_o necessary_o signify_v a_o figment_n that_o it_o can_v be_v take_v in_o any_o other_o sense_n i_o see_v t._n g._n make_v only_o use_v of_o good_a catholic_n lexicon_n such_o a_o one_o as_o that_o call_v catholicon_n which_o erasmus_n be_v so_o pleasant_a with_o that_o assure_v he_o what_o the_o sense_n of_o a_o word_n must_v be_v in_o spite_n of_o all_o use_n of_o it_o by_o profane_a and_o heretical_a author_n thus_o simulachrum_fw-la must_v signify_v only_o heathen_a image_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o sphinx_n a_o triton_n or_o centaur_n and_o why_o so_o do_v it_o always_o signify_v so_o do_v all_o greek_a author_n use_v it_o only_o in_o that_o sense_n do_v the_o etymology_n of_o it_o imply_v it_o no_o none_o of_o all_o these_o what_o then_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o a_o word_n shall_v be_v so_o restrain_v against_o the_o former_a and_o common_a acception_n of_o it_o the_o reason_n be_v very_o plain_a for_o if_o it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o representation_n of_o real_a being_n then_o for_o all_o that_o we_o know_v the_o image_n of_o the_o trinity_n or_o of_o the_o b._n virgin_n or_o of_o any_o other_o worship_v in_o the_o roman_a church_n may_v prove_v idol_n and_o therefore_o this_o must_v be_v the_o sense_n because_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o idolatry_n this_o be_v the_o real_a truth_n of_o the_o case_n but_o it_o be_v too_o great_a truth_n to_o be_v own_v only_o bellarmin_n who_o often_o speak_v free_o than_o the_o rest_n confess_v 5._o their_o design_n herein_o be_v to_o show_v that_o the_o image_n worship_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n can_v be_v idol_n because_o they_o be_v representation_n of_o real_a being_n a_o very_a miserable_a shift_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o examination_n of_o it_o let_v we_o therefore_o see_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o pretence_n from_o the_o use_n and_o importance_n of_o the_o word_n for_o restrain_v the_o sense_n of_o a_o idol_n to_o a_o imaginary_a representation_n and_o i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o t._n g_n opinion_n that_o by_o the_o best_a enquiry_n i_o can_v make_v the_o proper_a signification_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o representation_n of_o something_o that_o real_o be_v so_o hesychius_n interpret_v it_o by_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o old_a greek_a and_o latin_a glossary_n render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o simulachrum_fw-la by_o each_o other_o and_o notwithstanding_o t._n g_n severity_n against_o i_o for_o translate_n simulachra_fw-la image_n i_o can_v make_v it_o appear_v from_o some_o of_o the_o most_o authentic_a writer_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n that_o they_o do_v not_o scruple_n call_v such_o image_n as_o they_o worship_v simulacra_fw-la i_o leave_v t._n g._n then_o to_o judge_v whether_o they_o be_v not_o idol_n too_o isidore_n make_v idolum_fw-la to_o be_v proper_o simulachrum_fw-la quod_fw-la humana_fw-la effigy_n factum_fw-la &_o consecratum_fw-la est_fw-la a_o image_n make_v and_o consecrate_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o man_n as_o plutarch_n call_v the_o image_n of_o sylla_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d syllae_fw-la and_o porphyry_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o life_n of_o plotinus_n when_o amelius_n desire_v a_o picture_n of_o he_o he_o answer_v be_v it_o not_o enough_o to_o carry_v such_o a_o idolum_fw-la about_o i_o but_o i_o must_v leave_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o image_n of_o a_o image_n so_o we_o find_v idolum_fw-la use_v in_o the_o chaldaic_a oracle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d where_o psellus_n observe_v 53._o that_o according_a to_o the_o platonist_n the_o mind_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o image_n of_o god_n and_o the_o rational_a soul_n the_o image_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o irrational_a the_o image_n of_o the_o rational_a and_o nature_n of_o the_o irrational_a soul_n and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o image_n of_o nature_n and_o matter_n of_o the_o body_n but_o isidore_n apply_v idolum_fw-la to_o a_o ecclesiastical_a sense_n suppose_v not_o only_a representation_n but_o consecration_n to_o be_v necessary_a to_o it_o wherein_o he_o follow_v tertullian_n 4._o who_o speak_v of_o the_o create_a being_n that_n be_v worship_v say_v eorum_fw-la imagine_v idola_fw-la imaginum_fw-la consecratio_fw-la idololatria_fw-la their_o image_n be_v idol_n and_o the_o consecration_n of_o they_o be_v idolatry_n and_o a_o little_a before_o he_o say_v that_o all_o service_n of_o a_o idol_n be_v idolatry_n 3._o and_o every_o representation_n be_v a_o idol_n omnis_fw-la forma_fw-la vel_fw-la formula_fw-la idolum_fw-la se_fw-la dici_fw-la exposcit_fw-la for_o say_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v a_o form_n or_o representation_n of_o a_o thing_n or_o as_o the_o greek_a etymologist_n think_v it_o come_v immediate_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o resemble_v among_o the_o philosopher_n it_o be_v take_v for_o the_o image_n of_o thing_n convey_v to_o our_o sight_n so_o diogenes_n laertius_n say_v that_o democritus_n hold_v vision_n to_o be_v perform_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o incursion_n of_o image_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v plutarch_n 14._o empedocles_n say_v he_o join_v ray_n to_o the_o image_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o democritus_n and_o epicurus_n say_v that_o reflection_n in_o a_o glass_n be_v perform_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o subsistence_n of_o the_o image_n cicero_n lucretius_n and_o s._n augustin_n render_v these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o imagine_v catius_n the_o epicurean_a call_v they_o spectra_fw-la macrobius_n simulacra_fw-la 14._o but_o all_o of_o they_o understand_v the_o most_o proper_a representation_n of_o thing_n to_o our_o sight_n which_o epicurus_n be_v so_o far_o from_o think_v that_o they_o represent_v thing_n that_o be_v not_o that_o he_o make_v they_o infallible_a criteria_fw-la of_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n the_o poet_n and_o some_o other_o author_n make_v use_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o signify_v spectres_n and_o apparition_n but_o still_o they_o suppose_v these_o to_o be_v the_o representation_n of_o some_o real_a being_n so_o homer_n call_v the_o soul_n of_o elpenor_n that_o appear_v to_o ulysses_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 83._o but_o eustathius_n there_o observe_v that_o these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v exact_o like_o the_o person_n they_o represent_v as_o to_o age_n stature_n habit_n and_o every_o thing_n and_o so_o homer_n himself_o express_v it_o say_v that_o apollo_n make_v a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o representation_n of_o aeneas_n 450._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d so_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o minerva_n make_v a_o representation_n of_o iphthima_n 796._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o which_o we_o see_v that_o the_o very_a poetical_a use_n of_o the_o word_n for_o a_o spectre_n do_v imply_v a_o exact_a resemblance_n to_o some_o real_a be_v which_o it_o represent_v from_o whence_o then_o have_v this_o signification_n of_o a_o idol_n come_v into_o the_o roman_a church_n that_o it_o must_v signify_v a_o representation_n of_o something_o that_o be_v not_o but_o from_o whenceoever_o it_o come_v we_o be_v sure_a it_o be_v neither_o from_o the_o natural_a importance_n nor_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n among_o greek_a author_n 2._o not_o from_o the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o scripture_n 4._o
be_v express_o forbid_v to_o worship_v they_o thus_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v how_o very_o little_a the_o worship_v of_o god_n before_o the_o ark_n and_o the_o cherubim_n do_v prove_v towards_o the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n in_o the_o roman_a church_n the_o second_o argument_n of_o t._n g._n be_v from_o the_o judgement_n of_o s._n augustine_n who_o make_v that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o second_o commandment_n to_o be_v only_o a_o explication_n of_o the_o first_o which_o i_o think_v so_o weak_a and_o trifle_a a_o argument_n that_o i_o give_v a_o short_a answer_n to_o it_o in_o these_o two_o particular_n 1._o that_o s._n augustine_n do_v not_o seem_v constant_a to_o that_o opinion_n 2._o that_o suppose_v he_o be_v yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o according_a to_o his_o judgement_n these_o word_n be_v only_o against_o heathen_a idol_n and_o not_o against_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n by_o image_n here_o t._n g._n think_v he_o have_v the_o bit_n fast_o between_o his_o tooth_n and_o away_o he_o run_v raise_v a_o dust_n to_o blind_v the_o eye_n of_o beholder_n but_o he_o must_v be_v stop_v in_o his_o carrier_n and_o bring_v to_o better_a reason_n i_o ask_v t._n g._n how_o he_o be_v sure_o this_o be_v s._n augustine_n constant_a judgement_n since_o in_o his_o latter_a write_n he_o reckon_v up_o the_o commandment_n as_o other_o of_o the_o father_n have_v do_v before_o he_o upon_o this_o he_o insult_v and_o call_v it_o a_o new_a way_n of_o answer_v father_n and_o the_o ready_a he_o ever_o meet_v with_o 46._o except_o it_o be_v that_o of_o deny_v they_o and_o if_o this_o be_v allow_v when_o a_o express_a testimony_n of_o a_o father_n be_v allege_v there_o be_v no_o more_o to_o do_v than_o to_o ask_v how_o he_o be_v sure_a that_o the_o father_n do_v not_o afterward_o change_v his_o mind_n but_o he_o say_v he_o be_v sure_a he_o have_v his_o judgement_n profess_o for_o he_o in_o his_o former_a write_n and_o that_o i_o ought_v to_o bring_v better_a evidence_n of_o his_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n than_o i_o have_v do_v but_o if_o i_o do_v evident_o prove_v that_o s._n augustine_n be_v of_o our_o mind_n in_o the_o main_a point_n as_o to_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n by_o image_n then_o what_o matter_n be_v it_o whether_o it_o be_v the_o first_o or_o second_o or_o three_o or_o four_o commandment_n so_o we_o be_v sure_a it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o ten_o and_o i_o have_v already_o produce_v sufficient_a testimony_n from_o he_o to_o this_o purpose_n for_o do_v not_o s._n augustine_n declare_v 7._o that_o it_o be_v unlawful_a to_o worship_n god_n by_o a_o image_n when_o he_o say_v it_o be_v impiety_n for_o a_o christian_n to_o set_v up_o a_o corporeal_a image_n of_o god_n in_o a_o temple_n and_o that_o they_o who_o do_v it_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o sacrilege_n condemn_v by_o s._n paul_n of_o turn_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o incorruptible_a god_n into_o a_o image_n make_v like_a to_o corruptible_a man_n do_v not_o st._n augustine_n commend_v varro_n for_o speak_v so_o reproachful_o concern_v the_o very_a manner_n of_o worship_v the_o deity_n by_o a_o image_n 31._o and_o he_o say_v that_o if_o he_o dare_v have_v oppose_v so_o old_a a_o corruption_n he_o will_v have_v both_o own_a the_o unity_n of_o the_o godhead_n et_fw-la sine_fw-la simulachro_fw-la colendum_fw-la esse_fw-la censeret_fw-la and_o have_v think_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v worship_v without_o a_o image_n do_v not_o s._n augustine_n when_o he_o purposely_o explain_v that_o which_o he_o account_v the_o first_o commandment_n say_v that_o any_o similitude_n of_o god_n be_v thereby_o forbid_a to_o be_v worship_v 11._o because_o no_o image_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v but_o what_o be_v god_n himself_o i._n e._n his_o son_n and_o can_v any_o one_o speak_v more_o express_o our_o sense_n than_o s._n augustine_n here_o do_v let_v not_o t.g._n then_o boast_v of_o his_o possession_n of_o s._n augustine_n unless_o it_o be_v as_o he_o do_v late_o of_o all_o the_o father_n and_o in_o truth_n the_o reason_n be_v much_o alike_o for_o both_o but_o as_o to_o the_o division_n of_o the_o commandment_n he_o be_v of_o t._n g_o be_v side_n and_o what_o be_v that_o to_o our_o business_n if_o s._n augustine_n be_v of_o our_o side_n as_o to_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o commandment_n i_o can_v allow_v he_o to_o find_v out_o something_o of_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o trinity_n in_o have_v three_o commandment_n of_o the_o first_o table_n and_o i_o can_v be_v content_v with_o this_o that_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o father_n be_v for_o the_o other_o division_n and_o upon_o more_o considerable_a reason_n but_o t.g._n say_v 43._o that_o s._n augustine_n translate_v this_o precept_n thou_o shall_v not_o make_v to_o thyself_o any_o idol_n and_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o law_n to_o be_v the_o forbid_v the_o give_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n to_o idol_n one_o will_v think_v by_o this_o s._n augustine_n have_v no_o other_o word_n but_o idolum_fw-la here_o whereas_o he_o use_v both_o figmentum_fw-la and_o simulachrum_fw-la both_o which_o word_n he_o elsewhere_o use_v about_o the_o image_n of_o the_o true_a god_n but_o this_o be_v their_o common_a method_n if_o they_o meet_v with_o a_o word_n in_o the_o father_n that_o sound_v their_o way_n they_o never_o stay_v to_o consider_v the_o sense_n of_o it_o but_o present_o cry_v out_o idolum_fw-la idolum_fw-la and_o then_o with_o the_o man_n at_o athens_n take_v all_o that_o come_v for_o their_o own_o so_o do_v t._n g._n boast_v of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o father_n upon_o as_o slight_a ground_n as_o he_o do_v and_o make_v up_o by_o the_o strength_n of_o imagination_n what_o be_v want_v in_o the_o goodness_n of_o his_o title_n if_o at_o least_o imagination_n can_v sway_v he_o so_o much_o against_o the_o plain_a evidence_n of_o reason_n 10._o have_v thus_o clear_v the_o way_n by_o remove_v these_o mighty_a difficulty_n which_o t._n g._n have_v lay_v in_o it_o to_o obstruct_v our_o passage_n i_o now_o come_v to_o consider_v the_o several_a method_n i_o propose_v for_o find_v out_o the_o sense_n of_o this_o law_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v from_o the_o general_a term_n wherein_o it_o be_v express_v which_o be_v of_o so_o large_a and_o comprehensive_a a_o sense_n as_o to_o take_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o representation_n in_o order_n to_o worship_n and_o i_o challenge_v he_o to_o show_v where_o the_o word_n temunah_n which_o they_o render_v similitude_n as_o well_o as_o we_o be_v ever_o use_v in_o scripture_n to_o signify_v such_o a_o idol_n as_o he_o suppose_v this_o law_n intend_v and_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v word_n of_o the_o large_a signification_n put_v into_o a_o law_n if_o the_o sense_n be_v limit_v according_a to_o the_o most_o narrow_a acceptation_n of_o one_o word_n mention_v therein_o for_o there_o be_v no_o kind_n of_o image_n whether_o grave_v or_o paint_v whether_o of_o a_o real_a or_o imaginary_a be_v but_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n set_v down_o in_o the_o law_n to_o this_o t._n g._n answer_n etc._n that_o how_o large_a soever_o the_o signification_n of_o this_o word_n temunah_n or_o similitude_n be_v when_o take_v by_o itself_o yet_o in_o our_o present_a case_n it_o be_v limit_v by_o the_o follow_a word_n thou_o shall_v not_o bow_v down_o to_o they_o nor_o serve_v they_o to_o signify_v something_o which_o be_v make_v to_o be_v worship_v as_o god_n that_o be_v to_o be_v a_o idol_n and_o so_o by_o the_o word_n idol_n in_o the_o commandment_n he_o understand_v such_o a_o image_n as_o be_v make_v to_o represent_v for_o worship_v a_o figment_n that_o have_v no_o real_a be_v and_o by_o similitude_n a_o image_n or_o resemblance_n of_o some_o real_a thing_n but_o false_o imagine_v to_o be_v god_n but_o he_o say_v it_o be_v nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n to_o put_v the_o word_n similitude_n in_o its_o large_a meaning_n that_o be_v as_o signify_v any_o image_n whatsoever_o though_o make_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o true_a god_n when_o god_n himself_o command_v the_o ark_n and_o the_o cherubim_v to_o be_v make_v with_o that_o respect_n do_v he_o mean_v to_o represent_v the_o true_a god_n or_o to_o be_v object_n of_o worship_n which_o i_o have_v already_o show_v to_o be_v false_a that_o which_o i_o be_o to_o prove_v he_o say_v be_v that_o the_o word_n similitude_n be_v to_o be_v take_v so_o here_o whereas_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o word_n similitude_n be_v to_o be_v restrain_v to_o the_o similitude_n of_o false_a god_n and_o to_o make_v all_o sure_a he_o interpret_v similitude_n only_o of_o the_o representation_n of_o false_a god_n and_o
worship_v the_o same_o god_n with_o they_o nor_o offer_v up_o libation_n and_o the_o smoke_n of_o sacrifice_n to_o dead_a man_n 66._o nor_o crown_n and_o worship_n image_n that_o they_o agree_v with_o menander_n who_o say_v we_o ought_v not_o to_o worship_v the_o work_n of_o man_n hand_n not_o because_o devil_n dwell_v in_o they_o but_o because_o man_n be_v the_o maker_n of_o they_o and_o he_o wonder_v they_o can_v call_v they_o god_n 57_o which_o they_o know_v to_o be_v without_o soul_n and_o dead_a and_o to_o have_v no_o likeness_n to_o god_n it_o be_v not_o then_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o be_v animate_v by_o evil_a spirit_n that_o the_o christian_n reject_v this_o worship_n for_o then_o these_o reason_n will_v not_o have_v hold_v all_o the_o resemblance_n they_o have_v be_v to_o those_o evil_a spirit_n that_o have_v appear_v among_o man_n for_o that_o be_v justins_n opinion_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o idolatry_n 44._o that_o god_n have_v commit_v the_o government_n of_o all_o thing_n under_o the_o heaven_n to_o particular_a angel_n but_o these_o angel_n prevaricate_a by_o the_o love_n of_o woman_n do_v upon_o they_o beget_v daemon_n that_o these_o daemon_n be_v the_o great_a corrupter_n of_o mankind_n and_o partly_o by_o frightful_a apparition_n and_o by_o instruct_v man_n in_o idolatrous_a rite_n do_v by_o degree_n draw_v man_n to_o give_v they_o divine_a worship_n the_o people_n not_o imagine_v they_o to_o be_v evil_a spirit_n and_o so_o be_v call_v by_o such_o name_n as_o they_o like_v best_o themselves_o as_o neptune_n pluto_n 55._o etc._n etc._n but_o the_o true_a god_n have_v no_o certain_a name_n give_v to_o he_o for_o say_v he_o father_n and_o god_n and_o creator_n and_o lord_n and_o master_n be_v not_o name_n but_o title_n arise_v from_o his_o work_n and_o good_a deed_n and_o god_n 44._o be_v not_o a_o name_n but_o a_o notion_n engraft_v in_o humane_a nature_n of_o a_o unexpressible_a be_v but_o that_o god_n alone_o be_v to_o be_v worship_v appear_v by_o this_o which_o be_v the_o great_a command_n give_v to_o christian_n 65._o thou_o shall_v worship_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n and_o he_o only_o shall_v thou_o serve_v with_o all_o thy_o heart_n and_o with_o all_o thy_o strength_n even_o the_o lord_n god_n that_o make_v thou_o where_o we_o see_v the_o force_n of_o the_o argument_n use_v by_o justin_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o christian_n lay_v in_o god_n peremptory_a prohibition_n of_o give_v divine_a worship_n to_o any_o thing_n but_o himself_o and_o that_o found_v upon_o god_n right_a of_o dominion_n over_o we_o by_o virtue_n of_o creation_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o divine_a monarchy_n he_o show_v that_o although_o the_o heathen_n do_v make_v great_a use_n of_o the_o poet_n to_o justify_v their_o polytheism_n yet_o they_o do_v give_v clear_a testimony_n of_o one_o supreme_a deity_n who_o be_v the_o maker_n and_o governor_n of_o all_o thing_n for_o which_o end_n he_o produce_v the_o say_n of_o aeschylus_n sophocles_n orpheus_n pythagoras_n philemon_n menander_n and_o euripides_n all_o very_a considerable_a to_o this_o purpose_n in_o his_o work_n there_o be_v extant_a the_o resolution_n of_o several_a question_n by_o a_o greek_a philosopher_n and_o the_o christian_n reply_n in_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o both_o side_n that_o there_o be_v one_o supreme_a god_n infinite_o good_a powerful_a and_o wise_a nay_o the_o greek_a philosopher_n look_v upon_o the_o ignorance_n of_o god_n as_o a_o thing_n impossible_a 160._o because_o all_o man_n natural_o agree_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n 5._o but_o there_o be_v plain_a evidence_n in_o that_o book_n that_o it_o be_v of_o late_a date_n than_o justins_n time_n therefore_o instead_o of_o insist_v any_o more_o on_o that_o i_o shall_v give_v a_o far_a proof_n that_o in_o his_o time_n it_o can_v be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o dispute_n between_o the_o christian_n and_o heathen_n whether_o there_o be_v one_o supreme_a god_n that_o aught_o to_o be_v worship_v by_o man_n and_o that_o shall_v be_v from_o that_o very_a emperor_n to_o who_o eusebius_n say_v justin_n martyr_n do_v make_v his_o second_o apology_n viz._n m._n aurelius_n antoninus_n it_o be_v particular_o observe_v of_o he_o by_o the_o roman_a historian_n that_o he_o have_v a_o great_a zeal_n for_o preserve_v the_o old_a roman_a religion_n and_o jul._n capitolinus_n say_v anton._n that_o he_o be_v so_o skilful_a in_o all_o the_o practice_n of_o it_o that_o he_o need_v not_o as_o it_o be_v common_a for_o one_o to_o prompt_v he_o because_o he_o can_v say_v the_o prayer_n by_o heart_n and_o he_o be_v so_o confident_a of_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o god_n that_o he_o bid_v faustina_n not_o punish_v those_o who_o have_v conspire_v against_o he_o for_o the_o god_n will_v defend_v he_o his_o zeal_n be_v please_a to_o they_o and_o therefore_o baronius_n do_v not_o wonder_n that_o justin_n and_o other_o christian_n suffer_v martyrdom_n under_o he_o 9_o but_o in_o the_o book_n which_o be_v leave_v of_o his_o writing_n we_o may_v easy_o discover_v that_o he_o firm_o believe_v a_o eternal_a wisdom_n and_o providence_n which_o manage_v the_o world_n and_o that_o the_o god_n who_o veneration_n he_o commend_v be_v look_v on_o by_o he_o as_o the_o subservient_fw-fr minister_n of_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n reverence_n the_o god_n say_v he_o but_o withal_o 9.4_o he_o say_v honour_n that_o which_o be_v most_o excellent_a in_o the_o world_n that_o which_o dispose_v and_o govern_v all_o which_o sometime_o he_o call_v the_o all-commanding_a reason_n sometime_o the_o mind_n and_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n which_o he_o express_o say_v be_v but_o one_o and_o in_o one_o place_n he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o world_n and_o one_o god_n and_o one_o substance_n and_o one_o law_n and_o one_o common_a reason_n of_o intelligent_a being_n and_o one_o truth_n 6._o but_o the_o great_a objection_n against_o such_o testimony_n of_o antoninus_n and_o other_o lie_n in_o this_o that_o these_o only_a show_n the_o particular_a opinion_n of_o some_o few_o man_n of_o philosophical_a mind_n but_o they_o do_v not_o reach_v to_o the_o public_a and_o establish_a religion_n among_o they_o which_o seem_v to_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o the_o supreme_a god_n and_o other_o deity_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o they_o do_v not_o give_v to_o he_o any_o such_o worship_n aâ—_n belong_v to_o he_o which_o be_v the_o most_o considerable_a objection_n against_o the_o design_n of_o this_o present_a discourse_n i_o shall_v here_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v it_o before_o i_o produce_v any_o far_a testimony_n of_o the_o father_n for_o which_o we_o must_v consider_v wherein_o the_o roman_n do_v suppose_v the_o solemn_a and_o outward_a act_n of_o their_o religion_n to_o consist_v viz._n in_o the_o worship_n appropriate_v 〈◊〉_d their_o temple_n or_o in_o occasional_a prayer_n and_o vow_n or_o in_o some_o part_n of_o divination_n whereby_o they_o suppose_v god_n do_v make_v know_v his_o mind_n to_o they_o if_o i_o can_v therefore_o prove_v that_o the_o roman_n do_v in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n make_v use_n of_o all_o these_o act_n of_o religious_a worship_n to_o the_o supreme_a god_n it_o will_v then_o necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o controversy_n between_o the_o father_n and_o they_o about_o idolatry_n can_v not_o be_v about_o the_o worship_n of_o one_o supreme_a god_n but_o about_o give_v religious_a worship_n to_o any_o else_o beside_o he_o the_o worship_n perform_v in_o their_o temple_n be_v the_o most_o solemn_a and_o frequent_a among_o they_o in_o so_o much_o that_o tully_n say_v therein_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n exceed_v all_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n 9_o but_o the_o most_o solemn_a part_n of_o that_o worship_n be_v that_o which_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o capitol_n at_o rome_n and_o in_o the_o temple_n of_o jupiter_n latialis_n in_o alba_n and_o both_o these_o i_o shall_v prove_v be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o supreme_a god_n 118._o the_o first_o capitol_n be_v build_v at_o rome_n by_o numa_n pompilius_n and_o call_v by_o varro_n the_o old_a capitol_n 4._o which_o stand_v at_o a_o good_a distance_n from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o great_a temple_n be_v lay_v by_o tarqvinius_n priscus_n the_o one_o be_v about_o the_o cirque_fw-la of_o flora_n the_o other_o upon_o the_o tarpeian_a mountain_n there_o be_v so_o little_o leave_v of_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o former_a that_o for_o the_o design_n of_o it_o we_o be_v to_o judge_v by_o the_o general_a intention_n of_o numa_n as_o to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o deity_n of_o which_o plutarch_n give_v this_o account_n numa_n that_o he_o forbid_v the_o roman_n make_v any_o image_n of_o god_n either_o like_a to_o man_n or_o beast_n because_o the_o first_o be_v be_v