Selected quad for the lemma: truth_n

Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
truth_n father_n john_n son_n 4,500 5 5.8945 4 true
View all documents for the selected quad

Text snippets containing the quad

ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A03627 An exposition vpon the .23. psalme of Dauid full of frutefull and comfortable doctrin, written to the citye of London by Iohn Hooper, bushop [sic] of Gloceter and Worceter, and holye martyr of God for the testimonye of hys truth. Wherunto is annexed an apology of his, agaynst such as reported that he cursed Quene Mary, wyth certaine godlye and comfortable letters in the ende. Hooper, John, d. 1555.; Bull, Henry, d. 1575?; Hooper, John, d. 1555. Apologye. aut 1562 (1562) STC 13752; ESTC S113071 47,811 140

There are 4 snippets containing the selected quad. | View lemmatised text

ignorancye As S. Paul saith god befor● tyme spake vnto oure fathers by the prophetes and in these later dayes ●nto vs by his sonne and after the ascention of his sonne by his Apostles and euangelis●es in so muche that non of the prophetes euer spake of Gods word that mayntayned the lyfe of the soule other wyse then they receaued it of the ●ighe shepehearde almyghty god as S. Peter sayeth prophecy came not by the wyl of mā but the holy mē of God spake as they wer taught vs the holy ghost So that God is the onelye authour and fountayn of his true word the foode of all mens soules In like maner he is the only geuer of the same as he is the geuer of it and none but him selfe So none can eate it but such as haue the same deliuered vnto them by the ●●●ye ghost So oure sauioure Christ likewise in the gospell of saint Iohn telleth Nicodemus that it was not possible to vnderstand and to knowe the grace of redemption excepte ●e were borne frome aboue And when saynt Iohn preached the word of God at Philippos amongs the women by the water side the lorde opened the hart of Lid●a to vnders●ād the things spoken of by Paul And when Christ preached among the Iewes wrought wonderful miracles yet they vnderstode nothing nether wer thei any thing the better And Christ sheweth the cause Proptere●uos non ●uditis quia ex deo nō estis that is to say therfore ye heare not because ye he not of god But the faute was not in god but in the obstynacy frowardnes of theyr own harts as ye maye see in S. Mathew Christ offered him self but yet the malice of mā rebelled at al time● S. Paul to the Corinthians wonderfully setteth forth mans vnablenes saith y ● natural man is not able to cōprehēd the things y ● be of god And in S. Iohn Christ saith no man cā come vnto him excepte the heauenlye father drawe him for they must be all taughte of God Now as the prophet sawe theese thinges for him selfe and his saluation in Gods worde Euen so must euery Christian manne take hede that he learne the same doctrin or els it wer no comodity to haue the scripture of god deliuered and taught vnto vs. And euery reader hear●r must learne of this psalme y ● there is none other foode nor meate for the soul● but Gods worde And who so euer do refuse it when it is offered or pr●ached or when they knowe the truth thereof do yet of malyce feare lucre and gayne of the world or any other waye repugne it they be vnworthy of al mercy and forgeuenes let euery man and woman therefore examyne theyr own conscience with out flatteringe of them selues and they shall fynde that the moost parte of th●s realme of Englande in the tyme of oure holy and blessed kynge Edwarde the syxt were fedde wyth thys holy foode of Gods word or els myght haue bene fedde wyth it For it was offerd and sent vnto them as well by most godly statutes lawes of parlament as by many noble mē and vertuous learned preachers If they fedde not vppo● it accordingely or nowe theyr teeth stande on edge and theyr stomacks be closed with it to theyr peryll be it Thus Christ sayth they haue nothinge whereby iustly to excuse them selues of theyr synne And lykewyse he sayeth that who so euer hatethe hym hateth also hys father By whyche words it appeareteth manyfestlye that no man can hate Christes doctrine but he must hate Christ him selfe and no man can hate Christ but he must also hate the father of heauē Wherefore it is expediente for euery manne to marke such places For it was not Christes name nor Christes personne that the Iewas hated so mo●tall●e Christe for but they hated hym to death for hys doctrines sake and it was Christes doctryne that condemned the worlde and shewed the life learninge of the world to be euyll and coulde not abide the lighte of gods worde and therfore in no case they coulde abyde to heare of it As ye see the like in his poore preachers For his wordes sake they be lesse passed of then dogges or brute beastes For they be hated to death and more fauour doeth Barabas the murtherer fynd then Peter the preacher of Christ that wold lead the flock redemed w t Christes precious bloud in to the pastures of gods word with the prophet Dauid yet in thys hatred of Gods worde the foode of gods sheepe they would ●e seene and non but they to loue and honour god but it is not so in theyr hartes For they haue a contempte of God as theyr frutes well declare And Christ sayth they hate bothe him and his father yea that withoute cause But thou Christian reader see thou fede thysoule with no other meat thē w t the holsome pastures of gods word whatsoeuer the world shal say or do Looke vpon this texte of saint Iohn when the comforter shall come whō I shal send from my father euen the spirit of truth whiche doth proceede from the father he shall testifye and heare recorde of me W●y that place and thincke wherefore the sonne of man referred him selfe to the witnes of the holye ghost and ye shall know that it was for no vntruth that was in the authour beinge Christ or in the doctrin that he preached but only to make the disciples to be of good comforte and that they shoulde not esteeme the gospell he preached vnto them any thinge the lesse althoughe it had manye aduersaries enemies and was spoken against in maner euerye where for against the fury and false iudgemente o● the worlde that cōtemn●d the gospel they shuld haue the testimonye of the holy ghost to alowe and warante the Gospell Let vs therefore praye to the heauenlye shepehearde that he wyll geue vs his holy spirits to testifye for the woorde of God the onely foode of our soules that it is true that God sayeth and onelye good that he appointeth too feede vs. And this we may be assured of that in this heauy and sorowfull t●me ther is nothing cā testify for the truthe of Gods word and kepe vs in the pleasaunte pasture thereof but the verye spirite of God whiche we must set against al the tumultes and daungers of the worlde For if we make thys veri●ye of Gode subiecte to the iudgemente of the worlde our fayeth shall quayle and faynte euery houre as mens iudgementes varye Wherefore let vs praye to haue alwayes in vs the spirite of adoption wherby whē our faith shalbe assaulted we may cry father father and the same helpe for the mayntenaunce of the truth God promysed by his holy prophet Esay sayingd Thys is my couenaunt with them saith the lord my spirit whiche is in thee and my wordes whyche I haue put in thy mouth shall not departe
An Exposition vpon the .23 psalme of Dauid full of frutefull and comfortable doctrin written to the Citye of London by Iohn Hooper bushop of Gloceter and Worceter and holye Martyr of God for the testimonye of hys truth ¶ Whereunto is annexed an Apology of his agaynst such as reported that he cursed Quene Mary wyth certaine Godlye and comfortable letters in the ende Prouer. 11 ¶ By the blessinge of the righteous the cytye prospereth But when the vngodly haue the rule it decayeth Anno. 1562. ¶ To the fayethfull and liuely members of our sauiour Iesus Christ inhabytinge the city of London grace and peace from the heauenlye father throughe our lord Iesus Christ. YOure fayeth and firme hope of eternall life dearelye beloued whyche of longe time ye haue learned and throughly perswaded your selues in by the truth vnfallible verity of the heauenly word sealed with Christes moost precious blood is very sore and daungerously assaulted and by all meanes possible attempted to be taken from you that ye shuld haue no lōger credit to gods truth but beleue mans lies no more to haue saluation by Christ y e once dyed offered him selfe once for all forsyn but y e ye must beleue nowe your saluatiō in Christ many times offred by wycked men euery day in the abhominable masse to y ● v●ter conculcasion opressing of Christs death as y ● wycked Pope and hys adherentes woulde perswade you and not as Christ youre sauioure ●athe taughte you But this sodayne and miserable chaunge from the truth vnto falshod and from God and Christe to the deuyll and Antichriste doubtlesse cometh of god for our manifold synnes towardes the heauenlye father oure shephearde that taughte vs a longe tyme wyth hys blessed word and we were neither than●kful for it nor yet put our trusts in him as in one that onelye coulde saue and defende hys owne worde but we thought in our foolyshenesse that the worlde was so muche and so many wayes wyth the worde of God that euen by mannes strength it myghte haue bene defended where as the truthe of Goodes worde is permanent● and neuer fayleth saying cursed be the● that make fleshe theyr defence and shylde For as kynge Dauyd when God ●adde brought him to possesse his kingdom p●aceablye sayde lyke a foole as he was I shall neuer be more vngu●eted but yet the Lord turned his face from him and he found streight way such an alteration as he neuer found before wyth increase of new daungers more troublous thē euer he had before euen likewise when god had geuen vs a blessed and holye kinge and suche maiestrates although thei were synners as wyshed the glorye of God onely to be preferred by true doctrin we lyke carnal men thought our selues so sure and so stablished that it had not bene possible to haue seene suche a pitious and myserable chaunge and the truthe of Goddes worde opressed as we see at this presente daye But we be most worthely punished and euen the same wa●es that we offēded We put our trust in fleshe and where as Gods spirite in fleshe dwelled as in oure holye and blessed kynge departed Edwarde the syxte who is deadde in the fleshe and hys holy soule reffeth wyth the heauenlye father in ioyes for euer he is taken from vs now and can not healpe vs and suche as in hys tyme semed muche to fououre the glory of God are become Goddes enemyes and can both heare other to proceede against the glorye of God and also sette foorthe the same them selues as muche as they maye So that suche spirituall and Godlye personnes as soughte in the fleshe Gods glory are taken from vs or els in suche case as they can do no good And suche fleshe as folowed and loued God in the syght of the worlde and hadde greate vauntage by his woorde are become hys very enemies and not only his but also enemyes too hys members But yet as kynge Dauyd knewe his foolyshe foly and wyth repentaunce repented and found grace So it may please God to● geue vs of his grace and holy spirit to amende oure faultes in the lyke offences and helpe vs as he did him But doubtlesse greate is oure iniquitye For there was neuer so greate abhomination redde of and so quickly to preuail as this abhomination of the wicked masse hath preuailed in England And al Christen men know that the Turkes and hethen neither haue nor yet had euer any so sensiblye knowen and many fest an idoll Wherefore that almightye God of his mercye maye preserue his people in thys noble citye of London I haue written vpon this 23. psalme of kinge Dauid to aduertise men how thei shal beware of ●eresies and false doctryn and so to lyue to his honour and glorye And ● know dearly beloued that these godly people which seke Gods honour and all other that wyshe them well be accompted the quenes enemyes although we daylye pray for her grace neuer thinke her barme But we must be content to suffer slaunder and geue god thankes for them Neuertheles this is out of doubte that the quenes highnesse hath no autority to compell any man to beleeue anye thinge contrary too Gods worde neyther maye the subiecte geue her grace that obedience in case he do his soule is loste for euer Dure bodyes goodes and lyues be at her hyghnesse commaundement and she shall haue them as of true subiectes but the soule of man for religyon is ●ounde too none but vntoo God and hys holye worde ¶ The argumente or matter whiche the prophet chefely entreateth of in thys psalme IT should seeme by the merua●lous and wonderfulle description and settynge foorthe of almy●htye God by the prophet king Dauid in thys psalme that he was inflamed wyth the holye ghoste bei●ge delyuered frome all hys enemyes to declare vnto all the worlde how faythfull and mightye a defender and keper God is of as many● as put theyr trust in hym He was in great daunger and specially in the warres that hee made agaynste the Ammonytes the euente and successe whereof it seemeth by the. 20. psalme hys subiectes greatelye ●cared Wherefore they commended theyr kyng as true subiectes alwayes vse wyth earnest prayer vnto God And that battayle and manye other daungers more ended wherin the Godly kynge found alwayes the protection and defence of the heauenlye father ready and at hand now Beinge at rest he would haue thys mercyfull defence of God knowen to all others that as he in al his aduersities put his trust in the Lord and had the ouerhand of al his enemyes euen so by hys example all other menne should learne too do the same and assure them selues to find as he found the Lorde of heauen to be the succour and def●ce of the troubled and theyr keper from all euyll And because the hearers and readers of thys his moo●●e dyuine and Godly hymne should the better vnderstande the same and the sooner take credit therof in the hart
to the Corinthyans as often as ye eate of this breade drinke of this cuppe shewe ye the Lordes deathe vntyll he come Wherein S. Paule requyreth a knowledge of Christe in the receauer not onlye in his mynde that hee knowe Christe dyed for hys synne and the synne of the worlde and too speake and declare the same deathe wyth his ●onge vnto others but this is the chefest and moste principall commoditye of Christes holye supper whiche men nowe vngodlye call the masse that the vertue and benefyte of Christes deathe as it is appoynted for the remyssion of hys synnes be sealed and fullye consented vnto in his conscience And this knowledge of Christes death wyth the assurannce of the vertue strengthe and power thereof in the harte wil and ought to inflame vs to thankes geuynge and too preache and teach vnto others those comodities of Christes death that we know feele fyrste in oure selues within our own spirit and harte This I haue taryed longer then I thoughte in thys matter because I would bringe my selfe and all others as muche as lyethe in mee too feele that knowledge and talke of vertue and vyce of Goddes fauoure and of Gods punishmente is not sufficy●nte and to bringe my selfe and all men frome knowledge and talke to feelinge consentinge and a full surrendrynge of oure selues vntoo the profytte and vauntage of the things whiche we speake and knowe or ●ls knowledge and speakinge please n●t God nor profit our selues as Christ sayth Not euery man that saith lord lorde shall enter in to the kingdome of heauen Therfore did Dauid both know speake and feele signed in his harte the faucure healpe and assistaunce of God to be with him in too what troubles so euer he should fall and in that feelinge sayde he woulde not fear But it may fortune I haue so written of vertue vice to be knowen of in the mynde spoke of with the mouth and feite in the hart that ye may iudge and fele in your selues neuer to haue come to this perfectiō For this is out of doubt he that hath gods loue and fear thus sealed in his hart liueth in this life rather an Angelicall life then the life of a mortall mā yet it is euident by king Dauid in thys psalme by his 111. psalme in manye more that he was so sure so wel ascertained of Gods presente helpe in his troubles that hes cared nothinge for death or anye other aduersityes y ● could happen And doutlesse we perceaue by his psalmes in many places that his faith was a● stronge as steele and he trembled not nor doubted anye thinge but was in maner without all kind of mistrust nothing troubled whatsoeuer he saw contrarye to gods promises and he passed ouer thē as thinges that could not once withdrawe his cogitacions frō the truth verity of gods promises which he beleued As Abrahā likewise did he staggered not but w t constancy of faith would haue killed his sonne so stronge was his fayth But as the gifte of fayeth is a treasure incomparable thus to know and feele fayth too ouercome all daungers so maketh it y t hart of him that is sealed with suche a faith to feele the ioyes mirth vnspeakable But as this faith is the gift of god cometh only from him so is it in him only to apoint the tyme when it shall come and howe muche and howe strongly it shall bee geuen at all tymes whiche is not at all tyme● lyke but some tymes so stronge that nothynge can make the fayethfull manne afearde no not death it selfe and some tymes it is so strong that it maketh the man afflicted to bee contented too suffer yea deathe it selfe rather then too offend● God But yet it is wyth muche conflycte greate troubles manye heauye and meruaylouse cogytacions and some tyme with suche a feare as the man hath muche a doo to see and feele in the later ende of his heauye conflicte the victory and vpper hand of the temptation And at an other tyme the Christian man shall fynde suche heauines oppression of synne and troubles that he shall not feele as muche in manner as one sparke of fayeth to comforte him selfe in the trouble of hys mynd as he thinketh but that all the flouds and dreadefull assaultes of desperacion haue theyr course thorowe his conscyence Nothyng feeleth he but his owne mind and poore conscyence so one too eate the other that the conflicte is more payne to him then death it selfe hee vnderstandeth that god is bable to do all thinges he confesseth wyth the knowledge of his mynde and wyth his tonge in his headde that God is true and mercifull he woulde haue his conscyence and hearte too agree thereunto and be quyet but the conscience is prycked and oppressed so muche wyth feare and doubtefuldes of Gods tre for synne that he thincketh God can be mercifull vnto other but not vntoo him And thus doeth his knowledge for the tyme of temptation rather trouble him then ease him because his harte doeth not or rather can not consent vnto the knowledge yet woulde he rather then his lyfe he could consent vnto god loue god hate synne and be Gods altogether althoughe he suffered for it all the paynes of the worlde I haue knowen in many good men and many good women this trouble and he●ines of the spirite for the time as though God had cleane hyd him selfe from the afflicted personne and had cleane forsaken him yet at lengthe the daye of lyghte frome aboue and the comforte of the holye spirit hath● appeared that laye couered vnder the velle and couert of bitter cogitacions of gods iust iudg●ments against synne Therefore seynge that faieth at all tymes hathe not lyke strength● in manne I doe n●t speake too dyscomforte suche as at all tymes fynde not theyr fayeth a● stronge as Dauyd dyd in thys psalme For I know in the holye Saynctes them selues it was not alwayes lyke but euen in them as in others And although we canne not compare wyth them in all thynges in the perfection of theyr fayeth yet maye they compare them s●lues wyth vs in the weaken●s of oure fayeth as ye maye see by the scripture In thys psalm and in manye other ye shall perceaue that Dauyd by the con●●ancy● and suertye he felte in the promises of God was so stronge so ioyful comfortable in the myddest of al daūgers and troubles of death that he dyd not only contemne troubles and death but also desired death and to be dissolued out of this world ▪ as S. Paul others dyd At an other tyme ye shall perceaue hym too be stronge in fayeth but not so ioyfull nor yet the troubles so easy vnto him but that hee suffered greate battayle and conflicte with his troubles of the cause of all troubles synne and transgressyon of Goddes lawes as ye maye see in the syxt psalme wheras he cryed oute and
shall departe from this bodily life thy mercye wyll brynge me in too that house of thyne eternall ioyes where as I shall lyue wyth the in euerlastinge felicity Of thys parte we learne that the daungers of this lyfe be no more thē God can and wyll put frome vs or preserue vs in them when they come vnto us without daunger also that ● troubles of thys worlde be not perpetuall nor damnable for euer but that they be for a tym● onely sente frome God to exercise and proue our fayeth and pacyence at the last wee learne that the troubles beynge ended we begynne and shall continue for euer in endles pleasure and consolation as Dauyd shewethe at the ende of his psalme So doeth Christe make an end with his dysciples whē hee hathe commytted them for the tyme of thys lyfe too the tuy●●on of the heau●nlye father whyles hee is bodyelye absente he sayeth at lengthe they shall bee where he is hymselfe in heauen for euer For in this lyfe all be it the faythfulles of God haue consolation in Gods promises yet is their Ioye verye darke and obscure by reasonne of troubles both● wythoute and wythin outewardelye by persecution inwardelye by temptation Therefore Christe desyrethe hys father too leade and conducte hys churche in truthe and verifye whyles it is heere in fyghte and p●rsecution wyth the deuyil vntyll it come too a perfecte and absolute cons●lation where as no trouble maye moleste it For then and not before too what perfection so euer we come shall we be satisfyed as Dauyd sayeth The plentyefulnes of pleasure and ioye is in the lyghte and contemplation of thee O Lorde For then shall the mynde of manne fullye be saty●fyed when he beynge presente maye presentelye behoulde the gloryouse maiestye of God for God hathe then all ioyes presente to him that is presente with him and then manne knoweth God as hee is knowen of God Theese ioyes in the ende of troubes shoulde geeue the troubled manne the more corage too beare troubles pacientelye and be perswaded as Sayncte Paule teacheth that the troubles of thys presente lyfe be not woorthye of the ioyes too come whyche shall be reuealed too vs when Christe cometh too iudge the quycke and the ●eadde too whome wyth the father and the holye ghoste be al ●onoure and prayse world● wythoute ende Amen FINIS Esa. 40. Ezech. 44. Iere. 31. Io● 10. Ezech. 34. Ioh. 10. Ioa. 10.4.6 psal 119. Esa. 53. Mat. 9. 1. Pet. 2. 3. regu 22. Esa. 28. Esa. 29. 2. Thes. 2. Ioa. 4.6 Rom. 1. Esa. 30. Iho. 7. What is to benoted out of this part of y ● psalme Rom. 15. Psal. 91. The assuraunce of goddes defence and comfort in troubles must be learned out of gods word psal 25. Psal. 144. psal ●● 128 The inward and spirituall comfort treasure riches whiche this doctrine bringeth 1. pet 4. Mat. 10. Iob. 2● Act. 20. Iere. 3. ●zech 34.2 regu 57 Mich. 5. Iob. 10. Psal. 74.79 95. Iere. 3. E●ze 34. Ioel. 1. Mat. 4. Psal. 60.73.76 Apo. 7. Esa. 55. Ioa. 4.7 Mat. 4. We can no more liue in God without Godes word then in the world withoute worldly foode Iohn 6. psal 119. ●n●e 11. Ioa. 5. And yet our blind gides say that ignoraunce is the mother of godlynes Amos. 8. Ioh. 10. Ephe. 2. ●eb 1. Math. 28 2. Peter 1. Iac● 2. Iob. 3. Act. 16. Iob. 8. Mat. 23. 1 Cor. ● Ioh. ● Ioh. 15. Ioh. ● Mar●ewhi y ● p●eacher● of God are contemned ●f y e world Psal. 35. Ioh. 15. Ioh. 1● ●sa 59. What thinges we receiue by fedinge vpon gods promises in this life Mut. 4. psal 19.119 2. Timo. 3 ●eb 1.1 Pet. 1. Gala. 1. Ioh. 6. Esa. 54. Ioh. 15. Ioh. 16. The conscience that feleth y ● fringe of deathe by s●●ne thur●teth for life Luc. 15. Psal. 24. Psal. 1. Mat. 5. Wofull are these dayes when in so cleare lyght of the truth y ● professor● thereof are ●o faithlesse 〈◊〉 Esa. 65. Rom. 10. Luc. 12. God requireth not only a compte of that hath bene receaued but of y ● might haue bene receaued Mat. 11. Luc. 12. 1. Cor. 4. 1. Cor. 1. Rom. 4. Psal. 32 Mat. 5. Luc 1. The wicked make y ● gospel of peace an occasion of discorde Luc. 12 Iohn 7.8.9 10.16 The crosse is the 〈◊〉 badge of Gods children Ioh. 16. Zacha. 13. Mat. 16. Ioh. 18. Math. 27 Mar. 15. Luc 23. Ioh. 19. Mat. 27 A Doctrin of Gods prouidēce most confortable to all his ●●flicted Psal. 2 Psal. 29. The cause why ther be so fewe sincere true professour● of y e gospell Psal. 5● ●ere i● thy cōforte thou broken harted and afflycted of the Lorde Rom. 10. What it is to beleeue vnto ryghteousenes Faith sealed once in the harte wyth thassurance of god sinercy can be no more wythoute y ● frute of well doinge thē fire w tout heate 1. Cor. 11. When right knowledge and assured ●ese of gods mercye are ioyned together note what they worke Knowledge it talke with out the feeling of gods frutefulle working spirit is not of God Math. 7 Gene. 22 The state of Gods chyldren beaten down with the sense horroure of sin dreede of gods iudgemente● The cōfor●e of the afflicted euē whē god semeth to haue forsa●en them Psal. 6. psal 42 4● Ephe. 6. ● Pet. 5. ● Ioh 5 Math. 10. Psal. 120. Mat. ●6 2. regu ● Prouer. 10 Prouer. 12. Psal. 1●9 Psal. 2 Apoca. 12. 4. regu 1● Esa. i● 14 ▪ 28.39 Ezech. 29. The frendeship and familiarity of god the heauenly shepehearde towardes his shepe 2 r●●u ● Gene. 27. Luc. 10 Luc. 7. Psal. 45. The worc●e of the holye ghost in the harts of th● faithfull 1. Pet. ● Mut. 2● What sinne bryngethe a man vnto Ioh. 17. It is not expedyente y ● we be withoute troubles lest we sete our selves and forget God psal 12● psal 129. 2. Thes. 3. Gala. ● Ezech. 34. Act. 20 Antoninus histor tit 13 3.23.13 Distinc. ●9 ▪ nnllus Antonimus titu 12. ca●● De gestis longobard lib. 3. cap. 12. In ●eon ● Platina in bonifac 3. Paulus dioconus de gestis Long. lib. 4. cap. 11 De simplici●ate clericorum To be called Pope was at the firste generall to all bis●ops ●isto 2. li. 2 Capi. 27 Gala. 2. Conc. nicen Capi. 6 ●e meaneth here autoritye to elect bishops and to haue power of bothe swordeal Alberus crantziuse● clesiast histor li. 6. Abbas ospergensis● suo chroui●o Plantina in Allex. 3. psal 1● 1. Cor. ● Rom. ●