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A17223 A treatise or sermon of Henry Bullynger: much fruitfull and necessarye for this tyme, concernynge magistrates and obedience of subiectes Also concernyng the affayres of warre, and what scryptures make mension thereof. whether christen powers may war against their ennemies. And whither it be laufull for a christyan to beare the office of a magistrate, and of the duety of souldiers with many other holsom instructions for captaynes [and] souldiers both. Made in the yeare of our lorde. M. D. xlix.; Sermonum decades qinque. English. Selections Bullinger, Heinrich, 1504-1575.; Lynne, Walter. 1549 (1549) STC 4079; ESTC S110959 18,938 70

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prouokyng them wherby ther synnes may be punyshed of them whome they intende to persecute Examples we haue manyfeste in scriptures Iud seu xix and .xx The eleuen tribes of Israel proclaymed moost iust warre against the Beniamites thynkynge to reuenge a wycked facte commytted by certaine leud losels with the whiche loselles the whole tribe tooke parte communicatinge with their vngraciousnes yet were they put to the worst and foyled of the wicked sort i reg ii●● and v The Israelites wente about to expell the violence of the idolatrouse phylistianes vnder Hely their preiste yet were they ouerthrowne in battayle the arke of god caried away into the cities of idolatours iiii reg xxiii ii pa. xxxv d So the good kynge Iosias was slain of the chaldeis bycause the entent of god was to scourge the people with such euils which he wold not the good king to behold nothing so deseruing Wherupon this note is to be learned that the veritie of religion Religion is not sene by victory goyth not by the victorye of any natiōs or by ouerthrow as though the religion were the better whose part had the vpper hande and that the worste religion whose part had the worst For religion alwaies must be sequestrede from the person respecte of men which for diuerse causes be diuersly visited of the lorde All these thinges admonish vs the Magistrates had nede of much and great feare of god in takyng vp or in laying downe their warres lest perchaunse in flyenge the smoke thei fall into the fyre or whyle they studye to eschue one harme by eschuyng therof do purchesse to them selues many moo greater Wherfore it is requisite that prynces fyrst before al thynges do thorowly considre the causes of their warres The causes of warre must be considered Now there be mani causes and sundry but these lightly the greateste For other the magistrate is enforced seinge hys holdes and munimentes in hys realme to be inuaded with seige then he must nedes healpe and repulse hys ennemie For it were to much vnfaithfulnes to forsake so disloyally hys cyteis fortres in such extreme peryll Or elles the magistrate by reason of hys offyce is constrayned to attempte warre against incurable persons whome the sentence of the lorde doth condemne byddeth to beat downe vtterly without al pyte So as Moses dyd warre agaīst the Madianites Saule againste Amalechetes Of this maner be al suche kyndes of warre wherwith men be oppressed Num xxv and xxxi i 〈◊〉 xv whiche by the vncureable malyce of theirs wylnedes perysh and make other perysh with them also which reiect all iustice and equite al sette on myscheif so stubbornly continu Iudic xx and xxi Marke wel rebellions Such were the Beniamites whā they were distroyed wyth sworde and fyer suche be nowe a dayes these obstinate and sedicious traytours troblelers of publick society as was ons Absolon and Seba the sonne of Bochrus whyche be mentioned in the seconde boke of Samu ii ● Reg. xiii xiiii xv xvi xvii xviii Samuel Warre for religion Herto atpartayne also such warres acheued against Idolaters and oppressors of catholik fayth for trew relygiō sake Thei be in a wrong dreame which thīke no war ought to be attempted for relygion The lorde restrayned Peter strykynge with the sworde Mat xxvi ● Luce xxii d Ioh xviii ● Truth I graunt he restrained hym as an Apostle he forbadde not the magistrate the ouersight of religion but that he myght defend the verite of our faith Yf the magistrates maye lawfullye defende viler thinges as libertye goodes bodely honestye and lyfe c. Howe much more may he defende greater thinges yea which be the greatest thinges of all For what can be greater than true religion Deut xiii and xvii b Vpon this we haue an expresse commaundement of the lord in Deutronomiū Marke wel For the lorde commaundeth the cite vnder what magi●trate so euer he be which defyleth from god his worshyp to be let vpon with warre and vtterly to be subuerted yf it be stubb●rne Nowe if the magistrat so be cōmaunded to warre agaynste them that do disceiuer from him verely than it is not vnlawfull to rescue the churche by warre in case any barbarus prince come vpon it with open warre to sedewce it from trewe religion to erroure Iosue went about to expugne the Rubenites only for an aulter erected agaynste the word of god Iosue xxii a i. Macha v. Iudas Machabeus doth fyghte for the people of god agaynste the gentiles and kyng Antiochus hys souldiers whose purpose i. Mac iii. was to vanquyshe the Iewes religion whiche than was onelye true and to place in the steade of it superstitious gentylyte Actium xv So Paule doth commende the captaines which through fayth wtstode the incursions of forain enemies And Paule hym self had a conflyct in Cyprus agaynst Elimas a false prophete whome also he stroke with blyndnes act xiii And hys reason foloweth that he dydde it for relygyons sake act xiiii Wylte thou not cease sayth he to subuerte the streyghte wayes of the Lorde Agaynste the same Paule there were fourtye men conspyred act xxiii v. c. whyche thoughte that yf he were take oute of the waye / a greate parte of CHRISTES relygyon were abolyshed and their iudicyall relygyon sette vp againe But Paule here playeth not the shepe ●e●um xxiii nor turneth not the other cheke to them but was erneste and sollicitous to aske his defence and that not of a christian magistrate Yf Paule asked helpe of an ethnik magistra●e more myght ●e do of a chrystyan but a romayne centurion neither shewed he him selfe any thynge greued therat whan lxx horsemen and cccc fotemen were prepared for him in battayle ray to conduct him from Hierusalem to Antipatrida * act ix b and xxii b ●●●a i Thus was Paule the elect vessell preserued by an Armed Garison of romain souldiours Concerninge the Armenians sufferynge greate violence of Maximinus the emperoure Eusebius so writeth in his ecclesiastical historie li.ix.c●.viii They Armenians sayth he●ons a people kind and frendly to the peple of Rome eccl ix ● viii what tyme they shuld be constrayned of Maximinus the Emperour to change the state of christian relygion to the which they were al gyuen to into worshipping of Idoles and to vet●rat deuyls for god beyng hys tre●des before waxed hys greate enemies and of their awne accord toke vpon theim wyth opē might of warre to withstand his wicked constraynment and so kepte hym hard ●hys sayth Eusebius Therfore the magistrates maye lawfully defende their subiectes and true religion agaynst idolaters Or els an other cause is which is much lyke The thyrde cause of warre some foreine Barbarous aduersary doth fly vpon thy sub●ectes / doth spoyle them and inuadith them / as the cruel wolues do the shepe whan not onlye thou haste not prouoked
them with anye iniuries but moreouer hast offered them righte resonable conditions of peace than oughte the magistrat to styrte lyke a Liō to preserue hys people agaynste the assaultes of suche malytiouse murderers Example we haue of Moses feightyng against the kinges of the Amorites Aradeus Seon Num xxi and xxxii deut ii c and iii ● ● and og Example we haue of kynge Iosaphat feyghtyng agaīst the Ammonites ● Para xx and inhabiters of mount Seir Example we haue also in Dauid resistynge against the Sitians comīg vpon hī wyth warre ii reg x. c The .iiii cause of war Fourthly it is lawful for the magistrate to feyght in the defēce of his confederat frendes ayders for why may not a magistrate be at confederacy and leyge wyth other nacions so it be not in matters againste the worde of god in case they be iustlye oppressed with violence So did Iosue delyuer the Gabonities from Seyge Iosua ● i. reg xi and Saul the cytesyns of Iabes Galaad warrynge agaynste Naas a prince of great tyranny For such causes warres may lawfully be attempted of magistrates and prynces And the souldiours do wel whiche herein obeye their powers yea and dye gloriouslye and in a good state in so dyenge for religion for goddes lawes for their countre theire wyffes chyldren Therfore all such as enter into warre and trauell in the same must not set their eye eyther vpon fylthy lucre nor voluptousnes An instruction for souldiers as they lyghtly do whan Ieoperdy is past but iustice peace publike tranquyllite and the defence of truth and innocency must be al their marke that they shute at so that the wycked sorte beyng conquered the victory got and their enemies other r●pulsed or destroyed true religion maye florysh in iudgement and equitie the church may florysh diuine lawes rites institutes and ecclesiastike ordinaunces maye flo●yshe studies and good artes may prospere the poore may be seen to the widowes and succourlesse chydren may be helped that mē may lyue in rest may serue and prayse god both aged persons chaiste maydens and honest matrones To this marke ought al our eyes both of mynd and body to be directed These thinges had our valiaunt forefathers in their sight whansoeuer they made any warre agaynst the wycked for their ecclesiastik and publik ryght as Abraham Moses Iosue Dauyd and other noble captaynes also oure progenitours before vs to whom and to all such other valiant souldiers perpetuall fame and laude ought to be gyuen in the congregation of saynctes But to the other towardes slouggish souldiers wicked couitouse blasphemers riotous light ruffenes and betrayers which by their slougyshnes riote lechery and impietie dis●roy many noble realms now a days and many florishing cyties to suche be continuall rebuke and god hym selfe hath cursed such wycked catyffes for euer Therfore no warre is lawfull except it be against our aduersaries and misordered rebellers Vniust warres be such as be made agaīst our owne fellowes or men fauteles vniust warres or in whom we se hope of amēdemēt Also vniust warres be thei which be not inferred after a dew maner or for any vrgent cause All maner of ways oughte to be assayed tyrste before we come to warre An instruction ●or magist●ates You must not seke to take in other mennes bondes or limittes nothing pertainynge to youre ryght You must not oppresse the liberti●s of other nations neither yet of your owne Suche affectes whiche seduce the mynde are not here to be folowed as gredines of dominion auarice desire of bribes enuye or any suche other lyke to these Warre is a remedy but daūgerouse a helpe but pernitiouse muche lyke to the cuttynge of of members In case thy hande be on fyer and so thy arme be in daūger to be brent and afterwarde the whole man lykewise yet doeste thou not cutte away thy hand streyght wayes onlesse thou see prouynge al maner of wayes no other helpe to be So nether is warre to be set vpon but where there is no other remedy so yet that princes remembre they do nothinge which after wylbe to late For iust warres be not repugninge to goddes worde in somuch that it describeth to vs the lawes of warrefarre and ministreth to vs many goodly examples of wars of wise and worthye captaines In deu xx deu xx ● xxi we haue lawes of war profitable necessary so cleare that thei nede no exposition Many other cōmē rules alsoo we may gather out of scriptur as thes Principally aboue al things let relygion be most obserued in the campe Iust lawes no lesse oughte to be kept in the middeste of warres as in the middest of cities the souldiours let them kepe them in due ordre with all honesty Rue iii b iustice holines For this prouerbe is of the deuyll not of god that some do saye Sileant inter arma leges Lawes kepe silence in warre The cheife captayne generall let hym be chosen a godly man iust holly valyaunt sapient and luckey as was Iosue Dauid Iudas Machabeus Constantinus Theodosius Mascelser many other let there be appointed to hym an armye of tryed men ●h●wling sou●diours For in chusyng of souldiours great circumspeccion is to be hadde that they be not a company of weyklinges vnskylful warryous vnfaythful blasphemers wicked wretches dronken gluttons and beastely bellyes Victory goyth not by the multitude of mē but by the grace of god Vyctori goeth by grace not by multitude gr●e iiii d Iudy vii a i reg xvii and by godly souldiers it is an olde prouerb wher is a multytud ther is confusion Great and innumerable hostes do but combre and distroye themselues Experience exāples of the old tyme teach this sufficiently Agayn such warriers as wyll take no payne be lu●kish lubbers be greatly to be dyscommendid Therfore lett euer a christiane warrioure be doynge somethyng let hī be corrageous faythful paynful obediente to his captayne must neuer let slyppe occasion well practised in the feytes of warre not tendre but harde not cruell and fearse but graue gentyl accordyng as tyme doth serue The thing that may be sauyd let him not destroye But aboue all other especially let hym not forget continually to praye vnto god bothe in ieopardy and owt of ieoperdy let hym begyn all thynges in the lord a warryer must do all th●nges in the name of the lorde and without the lord let him attempt nothinge in misfortune he must not be discouraged ī prosperouse successe let hym not be exalted but gyue thankes to god vse hys victory with mercy let his vyctorye onelye stande in god not in hym selfe let hym seke for nothyng more than for defense of hys countrye of lawes of religion of iustice and of innocentes Some here wyll meruell I dare saye that I requyre these thyngs of souldyours whiche were wont in tymes paste to be requyred of religious and professed men As