mind But what fele they whose harts so depe mischief hath hard â—…ned by vehemencie of affection be made vnshamâ—…ast and stop al discoursâ—… of reason to let at large the ful scope of their vnmeasurable madnesse Priuate mens goods semeth litle to your vnfatiable desires ye haue waxed greedy now vppon Cities and haue attempted myghtye spoyles to glut vp and ye could your wasting hunger Oh howe marche haue they neede of that will neuer hee contented and what riches can suffise any that will attempt high enterprises adone their estate Ye could not mainteyne your campes wyth your priuate goodes wyth your neyghbours portion but ye must also attempt Cities bicause ye sought great spoyles with other mens losses and had forgotten how ye liued at home honestly with your owne and thought them worthie death that wold disquiet ye in your house and plucke away that whiche ye by right of lawe thoughte to be your owne Herein see what ye woulde haue done spoyled the Kinges Maiesties Subiectes weakened the kings strength ouerthrowne his Townes taken away his munition drawne his subiectes to like rebellion yea and as it is among foreyne enimies in sackyng of Cities no doubt thereof ye woulde haue fallen to slaughter of menne rauishyng of Wyues destouryng of Maydens choppyng of chyldren fyeiyng of houses beatyng downe of stretes ouerthrowyng of altogyther For what measure haue men in the increase of madnesse when they can not at the beginning stay themselues from fallyng into it And if the besetting of one house to robbe it bee iustly deemed worthye deathe what shall wee thynke of them that besiege whole Cities for desire of spoyle Wee lyue vnder a king to serue hym at all tymes when he shall neede our strength and shall ye then not only withdraw your selues whiche oughte as much to be obedient as we be hut also violently plucke other away too fro the dutie vnto the which by Gods commaundement all subiectes be straightly bound and by al lawes euery nation is naturally led The townes be not only the ornament of the realme but also the seat of merchauntes the place of handycrafts that men scattered in villages and needyng diuers thynges maye in little roome knowe where to fynde their lacke To ouerthrowe them then is nothyng else but to waste youre owne commodities so that when ye woulde buye a necessarie thyng for money yee coulde not tell where to fynde it Munition serueth the King not only for the defence of his owne but also for the inuasion of his enimie And if ye will then so straightly deale with him that ye wyll not lette hym so muche as defend his owne ye offer him double iniurie both that yee let him from doing any notable fact abroade and also that ye suffer not him quietly to enioy his own at home But herein hathe notably appeared what Cities hath faithfully serued and â—…uffered extreme daunger not onely of goode shut also of famine and death rather than to sufer the kinges enimies to enter and what whye liuered Cities hath not onely not withstande them but also with shame fauored them aâ—… with mischiefe ayded them And I woulde I might prayse herein all Cities alyke whiche I woulde doe if all were lyke worthie For then I might shewe more faithe in subiectes than strength in rebels and testifie to menne to come what a generall faith euery Citie bare to y e kings Maiestie whose age although it were not sitte to rule yet his subiects heaâ—â—es were willing to obey thinking not only of his haue which al men conceyue hereafter to be in him but also of the iuste kynde of gouernemente whyche in hys minoritie his Counsaile dothe vse among them And beere howe muche and howe worthily may Excester he commended whiche beyng in the middest of rebelles vnmeâ—…tayled vnfurnished vnprepared for so long a siege did nobly holde oute the continuall and daungerous assaulte of the Rebell for they susteyned the violence of the Rebell not only when they had plentie inough of victuall but also eleuen or .xij. dayes after the extreme famine came on them and liuing without dread were in courage so manfull and in duetie so constant that they thoughte it yet muche better to dye the extreme death of hunger shewyng truth to their Kyng and loue to their Countrey than to gyue anye place to the rebell and fauoure hym with ayde althoughe they myght haue doone it wyth their lesse danger Whose example if Norwiche hadde folowed and hadde not rather gyuen plaâ—…e to traytor Ket thaÌ„ to kepe their duetie had not sought more safegarde than honestie and priuate hope more than common on 〈◊〉 they had ended their rebellion sooner escaped themselues better and 〈◊〉 the losse of the worthy Lorde Sheffielde 〈◊〉 was more 〈◊〉 seruice for his lyfe than in them their goodes And althoughe this can not bee 〈◊〉 against certain honest that wer amongst them whose prayse was the greater bicause they wer so fewe yet the greate number was suche that they not only obeyed the Rebell for feare but also followed him for loue and did so traiterously order the kings â—…ande vnder my Lord Marquesse that they suffred more damage out of their houses by the Towns men than they did abroade by the Rebelles Whose faulte as the kings maiestie may pardon so I would auoyde the example might be forgotten that no citie might hereafter folowe y t like or the deed be so abhorred that other hereafter would auoyde the lyke shame and lerne to be noble by Eacester whose truth dothe not only deserue long prayses but also great rewarde Who then that wolde willingly defend can say any thing for ye which haue so diuersly faulted so trayterously offended not onely against priuate men seuerally but also generally against whole towns and that after such a sort as outward enimies full of deadly â—…eâ—…d coulde not more cruelly inuade them And thus the Kyngs maiestie dishonoured his Counsell disobeyed the goodes of the poore spoyled the houses of the wealthie sacked honest mannes bodies imprisoned worthie mennes personages slayne Cities besieged and threatened and all kynde of things disordered can yee without teares and repentaunce heare spoken off whiche without honestie and godlinesse ye practised and not fynde in your heartes nowe to returne to duetie which by witchecraft of sedition were drowned in disorder Haue yee not in disorder firste grenously offended God next traiterously risen againste your king so neither worthie euerlasting life as loÌ„g as ye so remain nor yet ciuil life being in such a breasts of coÌ„moÌ„ quietnesse If eueryone of those caÌ„not by themselues pluck you backe from this your lende and outragious enterprises yet lartheÌ„ altogether her stir ye or at least be a fearfull example to other to beware by lydure vnmesurable folie how they do so far prouoke God or offende man and finde by your mistemped to be themselues better ordered and learne still to obeye bycause they woulde not repente and so to lâ—â—e with
MouÌ„ster and had taken a ring from the Image of S. Patrike which the Erle of Desmond had offred and giuen it to his lemman Many other crymes were layd to him by the sayd Bishop of Lismore and Waterford which he exhibited in writing Also in the same Parliament there rose coÌ„tention betwixt Adam Pain bishop of Clone an other prelate whose church he would haue annexed vnto his see At length after the Parliament had continued for the space of xviij days it brake vp Herewith came newes of y e slaughter of the Lord Tho. of LaÌ„caster duke of Clarence y t had bin L. The Duke of Clarence slaine in Fraunce lieutenant of Ireland vpoÌ„ the .vij. of May certaine of the Erle of Ormondes men were ouerthrown by the Irish nere to the Abbey of Leys xxvij Englishmen were slain there of whom the chief were two geÌ„tlemeÌ„ the one named Purcel the other Grant Also .x. were takeÌ„ prisoners and two C. escaped to the foresayde Abbey so sauing themselues About the same time Mac Mahun Mac Mahun an Irish lord did much hurt within the couÌ„try of Vrgile by burning and wasting all afore him Also vpon the morrow after Midsommer day the Erle of Ormond Lord lieutenant entred into the Countrey about Leys vpon Omordris for the space of foure dayes togither did muche hurt in sleaing and spoyling the people till the Irish were glad to sue for peace ¶ Henrie the sixt LIeutenants to Henrie the sixt ouer the realme of Irelande were these Edmonde Earle of March and Iames Erle of Ormond his deputy Iohn Sutton Lord Dudley sir Tho. Strange knight his deputie Sir Thomas Stanley and sir Christofer Plunket his deputie Henry Marleâ—… Thys sir Thomas Stanley on Michaelmasse day Here endeth Marleburgh and all that foloweth is taken out of Campion in the twelfth yeare of King Henrye the sixth wyth all the Knightes of Methe and Irrell fought agaynste the Irishe slue a greate number and tooke Neill Odonell prisoner Lion Lord Welles the Earle of Ormonde his deputie Iames Earle of Ormonde by hym selfe Iohn Erle of Shrewesburie and the Archbishop of Dublin Lorde Iustice in his absence Richard Plantagenet Duke of Yorke father to King Edwarde the fourth and Earle of Vlster had the office of Lieutenaunte by the Kings letters patents during the tearme of tenne yeeres who appoynted to rule vnder him as his deputies at sundry times the Baron of Deluin Richarde Fitz Eustace Knight Iames Earle of OrmoÌ„d and Thomas Fitz Morice Erle of Kildare To this Richard Duke of Yorke and Vlster then resident in Dublin Campion out of the Records of Christs Church George Duke of Clarence borne at Dublin Iacke Cade was borne within the Castell there his secoÌ„d sonne the Lord George that was after Duke of Clarence his Godfathers at the fontestone were the Erles of Ormond and Dismonde Whether the commotion of Iacke Cade an Irishman borne naming himself Mortimer and so pretending cosinage to diuers noble houses in this land proceeded from some intelligeÌ„ce with the Dukes friends here in Ireland it is vncertayne but surely the Duke was vehemently suspected and immediately after began the troubles whiche through him were reysed Whyche broyles being couched for a time the Duke helde himselfe in Ireland being lately by Parliamente ordeyned protector of the Realme of Englande he left his agent in the Court his brother y e Erle of Salisburie Lord Chancellor to whom he declared the troth of the troubles then towarde in Ireland which letter exemplyfyed by Sir Henry Sidney Lorde Deputie a greate searcher and preseruer of antiquities as it came to Campions hands and by hym set downe we haue thoughte good likewise to present it here to your viewe To the right worshipfull and with all mine hart intierly beloued brother the Earle of Salisburie The copie of a letter RIght Worshipfull and with all my harte intierly beloued brother I recommende me vnto you as hartily as I can And like it you to witte sith I wrote last vnto the King our Soueraigne Lorde his highnesse the Irish enemie y t is to say Magoghigam and with him three or foure Irishe Captaynes associate with a greate felowship of English Rebells notwithstandyng that they were within the King our Soueraygne Lord his peace of greate malice and againste all truth haue maligned against their legiance and vengeably haue brent a great towne of myne inheritance in Meth called Ramore and other villages thereaboutes and murthered and breÌ„t both men womeÌ„ and children withouten mercy the whiche enimies be yet assembled in Woods and fortes aweighting to do the hurt and greeuance to the Kings subiects that they can thinke or imagine For whiche cause I write at this tyme vnto the Kings highnesse and beseeche his good Grace for to hasten my payment for this lande â—â—rding vnto his letters of warrant nowe late directed vnto the Treasorer of Englande to the intente I may wage men in sufficiente number for to resist the malice of the same enimies and punish them in such wise that other which wolde do the same for lacke of resistance in time maye take example For doubtlesse but if my paymente be had in all hast for to haue men of warre in defence and safegard of this land my power caÌ„not stretch to keepe it in the â—…ings obeysance and very necessitie will compell me to come into England to liue there vpon my poore liuelyhood for I had leuer be dead than any inconuenience â—â—oulde fall therevnto in my default for it shall neuer bee chronicled nor remayne in Scripture by y e grace of God that Ireland was lost by my negligeÌ„ce And therefore I beseeche you right Worshipfull brother that you will holde to your handes instantly that my paymente may bee had at thys time in eschewing all inconueniences For I haue example in other places more pitie it is for to dread shame and for to acquit my troth vnto the Kings highnesse as my duetie is And thys I pray and exhort you good brother to shewe vnto his good grace and that you will be so good that this language may bee enacted at this presente ParliameÌ„t for mine excuse in time to come Roger Roe and that you will be good to my seruant Roger Roe the bearer of these and to my other seruaunts in such things as they shall pursew vnto the kings highnesse and to giue full faith and credence vnto the report of the said Roger touching the sayde matters Right worshipful and with all my hart intierly beloued brother our blessed Lorde God preserue and keepe you in all honor prosperous estate and felicitie and graunte you righte good life long WritteÌ„ at Dublin y e .15 day of Iune Your faithfull true brother Richarde Yorke Of suche power was Magoghigam in those dayes who as he wan and kept it by the sworde Magoghigam his power so nowe his successors in that state liue but as meane
thirde yeare of his reigne he came to Newcastell vpon Tyne Fox Bishoppe of Excester sent Ambassador into Scotlande and from thence sent in ambassade into Scotland Richard Foxe lately before made Bishoppe of Excester and with hym Richarde Edgecombe knight Controller of hys howse to conclude some peace or truce wyth king Iames of Scotlande The Englishe ambassadors were honourably receiued and louingly entertayned of the sayde King who gladlye woulde haue concluded a perpetuall peace wyth the king of England if he might haue bin licenced so to haue done but his people being stedfast in their olde accustomed vsage would not agree to any peace but yet were contented to gratifie their kyng A truce vvith Scotlande for seuen yeares that he should take truce wyth Englande for the terme of seauen yeares whyche was concluded and secrete promyse made by King Iames that he woulde not only obserue peace and continue in perfecte amitie with the king of England during his life but also would renew againe this truce now taken for other seuen yeares before the first seuen yeares wer fully expired The King of Scottes in deed was as desyrous of the Kyng of Englandes friendshippe as the Kyng of Englande was of his bicause that his subiects bare him much euill will mislyking wyth all things that eyther he coulde do or say King Henry after the returne of his Ambassadors out of Scotland came back again from Newcastell to Yorke and so towarde London and in the way being at Leycester there came to him Ambassadoures from Charles the Frenche king which declared both the recouerie of certain townes out of the handes of Maximilian kyng of Romains which he had wrongfully deteined from the crowne of Fraunce before that tyme and also that their Maister kyng Charles had nowe warres in hande agaynst Fraunces duke of Britayn bicause that he succored and mainteyned diuers noble men as the Duke of Orleans and others that were rebelles and traytors against him and the realm of France Wherfore his request was that for the olde familiaritie whiche hath bin betwixt them he woulde nowe eyther assist and helpe him or else stand as neuter betwixte them neyther helping nor yet hurting the one nor the other Vpon good and deliberate aduice takē in this matter bicause it was iudged weightie the king for answere told the French Ambassadors that he woulde neyther spare payne nor coste to sette some reasonable staye betwixte their soueraigne Lord king Charles and the duke of Britayne so that a finall ende and some perfect conclusion of frendshippe myght be hadde betwixt them And so as soone as the Frenche Ambassadoures were retourned home the Kyng sente his chaplayne Christofer Vrswyke ouer into France to king Charles as wel to shew that he was gladde of the victorye whiche he had agaynst Maximilian as to declare what a tempestuous storme of ciuile rebellion hymselfe hadde escaped and ouercome heere in Englande But the chiefest poynt of Vrswikes errande consisted in this that he shoulde intimate to the Frenche Kyng howe his maister Kyng Henrye offred himselfe as a mediatour betwixt him and the Duke of Britayne to make them friend◅ and if he perceyued that the French king gaue care hereunto then should he goe into Brit◅ to moue the Duke there to be contented that some reasonable order myghte hee taken fo◅a quietnesse to be hadde betwixte the French king and hym Whylest Vrswike was trauaylyng in thys matter according to his Commission Christofer Vrsvvicke the King came backe againe to London where hee was receyued of the Citizens wyth greate ioye and triumphe they beeing hartyly gladde and greatly reioycing that hee wyth suche good successe subdued his enimies Shortly after he delyuered the Lorde Thomas Marques Dorset out of the Tower receyuing him agayn to his former fauor old familiaritie bicause his truth and loyaltie by diuers assays and sundry arguments had bin throughly tryed and sufficiently proued In whyche meane tyme the Kyng for the greate loue that hee bare to hys wyfe Queene Elizabeth caused hir to be crowned and anointed Queene on Sainct Catherins daye in Nouember wyth all solemnitie as in suche cases appertayneth In the meane season Christofer Vrswyke accordyng to hys Commission trauayleth betweene the Frenche Kyng and the Duke of Britayne in the Kyng of Englandes name to make them friendes But although the French Kyng seemed wyllyng ynough to haue peace yet meante hee nothyng lesse in so muche that whylest hee goeth aboute with fayre wordes courteous Letters and sweet promises to keepe the King of Englande in hande to laboure a peace betwixte hym and the Brytaynes he enforceth his whole puissance to subdue them and besiegeth the citie of Nauntes And on the other part the Duke of Orleans being withdrawn to the duke of Britain and one that ruled moste about him had no liking to heare of peace but did what he coulde to hinder it The English ambassador Christoffer Vrsewike hauyng thus passed from the Frenche king to the Duke of Britaine and backe againe to the French King retourned shortely after into Englande and shewed vnto King Henrye what hee hadde done betwixt them Immediatlye after came from the Frenche King the Lorde Bernarde Daubeney a Scot borne whyche on the Frenche Kings behalfe required King Henry to make some maner of ende of those Brittishe warres whatsoeuer it were King Henry being desirous of the same sent ouer againe into Fraunce Iohn the Abbot of Abingdon sir Richard Edgecombe knight and the forenamed Christofer Vrswicke wyth full and perfect commission and long instructions howe to proceede in d◅yng of some agrement beetwixt the Frenchmenne and the Britons These orators accordyng as they hadde in commaundement first went vnto the Frenche king and after they had communed wyth him Sir Richarde Edgecombe Christofer Vrswicke departed straight to the duke of Britain in full hope to conclude a peace vpon suche offers and articles as they had to propone vnto hym But al their hope was vaine for the duke refused to agree vppon any suche articles and conditions as they offered and so without cōcluding any thyng with the Duke they returned backe into Fraunce and from thence signified to the King of Englande by letters all that they knewe or had done 1488 Edvvard lorde VVooduille ai◅ the duke of Britaine vvithout the kings consent But in the mean time Edwarde Lorde Wooduille vncle to the Queene sued to King Henrye that hee myght haue a power of men apointed to him with the whiche hee woulde steale priuily ouer without licence or passeport so that euery man shoulde thinke that he was fledde the Realme without knowlege of the king for that no warre should arise by his meanes beetwixt the Realmes of Fraunce and England and yet shuld the duke of Britaine bee aided agaynste the power of the Frenchemen whiche sought to vanquishe hym that they myght ioyne hys countrey vnto the dominion of Fraunce which in no wise ought to be suffred
far of froÌ„ crediting the same that he would not beleue it vntil he saw the coffin open wherein the bones of the aforesaid prince did rest To be short therefore he caused his souldiers to cast downe the hil made somtime ouer the tombe and finding the bodie in the bottome after the measure thereof taken he sawe it manifestly to be 60. cubits in length which were ten more then the people made accompt of Philostrate in Heroices sayth Philostrate how he sawe the body of a Gyant 30. cubits in length also the carkasse of another of 22. and the thirde of 12. Plinie telleth of an Earthquake at Creta Lib. 7. which discouered the body of a Gyant which was 46. cubits in length after the Romaine standerde and by dyuers supposed to be the bodye of Orion or Aetion Trallianus writeth howe the Athenienses digging on a time in the grounde to laye the foundatioÌ„ of their new walles in the dayes of an Emperour Trallianus did finde the bones of Macrosyris in a coffin of harde stone of 10. cubites in length after the accompt of the Romaine cubite which was then a foote and an halfe not much diffrence from halfe a yarde of our measure nowe in Englande In the time of Hadriane themperour the body of a Gyaunt was take vp at Messana conteining 20. foote in length hauing a double row of téeth yet standing whole in his chaps In Dalmatia manye graues were shaken open with an earthquake in one of which aboue the rest a carcasse was found whose ribbe conteined 16. elles after the Romaine measure whereby y e whole body was iudged to be 64. sith y e loÌ„gest rib is coÌ„monly about y e fourth part of a man as some SimmetricieÌ„s affirme Arrhianê° saith that in the time of Alexander the bodies of y e Asianes were generally of huge stature and commonly of 5. cubits such was the height of Porus of Inde whome Alexander vanquished and ouerthrew in battaile Sudas speaketh in like maner of Ganges killed likewise by the sayd prince who farre excéeded Porus for he was 10. cubits loÌ„g But of al these this one example shall passe which I doe reade also in Trallianus he setteth downe in forme and manner following I mouth of 16. foote wide In the daies of Tiberius themperor saith he a corps was left bare or layde open after an erthquake of which eche tooth coÌ„teined 12. ynches ouer at y e lest now forasmuch as in such as bée full mouthed eche chap hath 16. teeth at the least which is 32. in y e whole néedes must the wydenesse of this mannes chappes be sixetéene foote and the opening of his lippes 10. A large mouth in mine opinion and not to féede with Ladies of my time besides that if occasion serued it was able to receiue the whole bodye of a man I meane of such as flourish in our daies WheÌ„ this careasse was thus founde euery man marueyled at it and good cause why a messenger also was sente vnto Tiberius themperour to know his pleasure A couÌ„terfeete made of a monstrous carcasse by one tooth taken out of y e head whether he wold haue the same brought euer vnto Rome or not but he forbade them willing his Legate not to remooue the deade out of his resting place but rather to sende him a tooth out of his head which being done he gaue the same to a cunning workeman commanding him to shape a carcasse of light matter after the proporcion of the tooth that at the least by such meanes he might satisfie his curious minde and the fantasies of such as are delited with newes This man was more fauorable to this moÌ„ster then our papists were to the bodies of the dead who tare them in péeces to make money of theÌ„ To be short wheÌ„ the ymage was once made and set vp an end it appeared rather an huge collossy then the true representation of the carcasse of a man and when it had stande in Rome vntill the people were wearye of it and thorowly satisfied with the sight thereof he caused it to bée broken all to péeces and the tooth sent againe to the carcasse from whence it came willing them moreouer to couer it diligently in any wise not to dismeÌ„ber the corps nor from thencefoorth to bée so hardie as to open the sepulchre any more I could rehearse many mo examples of the bodies of such men out of Solinus Sabellicus Cooper and other but these here shall suffise to prooue my purpose with all I might tell you in like sorts of the stone which Turnus threwe at Aeneas which was such as that 12. chosen and picked men Qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellus Vis vnitâ—… fortior est eadem diâ—…persa were not able to sturre and remooue out of the place but I passe it ouer diuers of the like concluding that these huge blockes were ordeined and created by God first for a testimonie vnto vs of his power and myght secondly for a confirmation that hugenesse of bodye is not to be accompted of as a part of our felicitie sith they which possessed y e same were not onely tyrauntes doltysh and euyll men but also oftentimes ouercome euen by the weake and féeble Finally they were such in déede as in whome the Lorde delited not according to the saying of the Prophet Baruch Ibi fuerunt gigantes nominati illi qui ab initio fuerunt statura magna scientes bellum Cap. 3. â—… hos non elegit dominus neque illis viam disciplinae dedit propterea perierunt quoniam noÌ„ habuerunt sapientiam interierunt propter suam insipientiam c. There were the Gyants famous from the beginning that were of so great stature so expert in warre Those did not the Lorde choose neither gaue he the way of knowledge vnto them But they were destroied because they had no wisedome and perished through their owne foolishnesse Of the generall Language vsed from time to time in Britaine Chap. 5. WHat language came first wyth Samothes afterwarde with Albion Bryttish the Gyants of his coÌ„panie Small difference betwene brittish Celtike languagâ—… it is hearde for me to determine sith nothing of sound credit remayneth in writing which maye resolus vs in the truth hereof yet of so much are we certeine that the speach of y e auncient Britons and of the Celtes had great affinitie one with another so that they were either all one or at the leastwyse such as eyther nation wyth smal helpe of interpreters might vnderstand other and readily discerne what the speaker did meane The Brittish tongue doth yet remayne in that part of the Islande Brittish corrupted by the Latine and Saxon speaches which is nowe called Wales whether the Britons were driueÌ„ after the Saxons had made a full conquest of the other which we nowe call Englande although the pristinate integritie therof be not
princes of Norway helde those Islandes so long vnder their subiection albeit they were otherwyse reputed rather to belong vnto Irelande bycause that the very soyle of them is enemie to poyson as some write although for my part I had neuer experience of the truth herof And thus much haue I thought good to speake of these fiue languages nowe vsually spoken within the limites of our Islande Into how many kingdomes the Isle of Britaine hath bene deuided at once in olde time Cap. 6. Britaine at the first one entier kingdome IT is not to be doubted but that at the first the whole Islande was ruled by one onely prince and so continued from time to time vntill ciuile discorde grounded vpon ambitions desire to reigne caused the same to be gouerned by diuers And this I meane so wel of the time before the comming of Brute as after the extinction of his whole race and posterity Howbeit as it is incerteine into how many regions it was seuered after the first particion so it is most sure that this latter disturbed estate of regiment continued in the same not onely vntill the time of Caesar but also in maner vnto the dayes of Lucius with whome the whole race of the Britons had an ende and the Romaynes full possessioÌ„ of this Islande who gouerned it by Legates after the maner of a prouince It should seme also y t within a whyle after the time of Dunwallon who rather brought those 4. Princes that vsurped in his tyme to obedience then extinguished their titles and such partition as they had made of the Islande among theÌ„selues eche great citie had hir fréedome and seuerall kinde of regiment proper vnto hir selfe beside a large circuite of the country appertinent vnto the same wherin were sundrye other cities also of lesse name which ought homage all subiection vnto the greater sorte And to say truth hereof it came to passe that eache region whereinto this Islande was than deuided tooke his name of some one of these as many appeare by that of the Trinobantes which was so called of Trinobantum the chiefe citie of that portion whose Territories contayned all Essex Middlesex and part of Hertforde shire euen as the iurisdictioÌ„ of the Bishop of London is now exteÌ„ded for the ouersight of such things as belong vnto the Church Eche of the gouernours also of these regions called themselues kings and therevnto eyther of them dayly made warre vpon other for the inlarging of their limites But forasmuch as I am not able to saye howe many dyd chalenge this authoritie at once and howe long they reigned ouer their seuerall portions I will passe ouer these auncient times and come néerer vnto our owne I meane the 600. yere of Christ wherof we haue more certayne notice at which season there is euident proofe that there were 12. or 13. kinges reigning in this Islande We finde therefore for the first Wales dâ—…uided 〈◊〉 thrée kingdomes howe that Wales had hir thrée seuerall kingdomes although that portion of the Islande extended in those dayes no farder theÌ„ about 200. miles in length one hundred in bredth and was cut from Lhoegres by the riuers Sauerne Dée of which two streames this doth fall into the Irish sea at Chester the other into the mayne Oceane betwixt Somersetshire and Southwales as their seuerall courses doe witnesse more at large In the beginning it was deuided into two kingdomes onely that is to say Venedotia Gwinhed Gwinhed and Demetia for which we now vse most commonlye the names of South and North Wales but in processe of tyme a thirde sprange vp in the verye middest betwéene them both which from thenceforth was called Powysy as shal be shewed hereafter The first of these thrée being called as I sayd Northwales or Venedotia or as Paulus Venedotia Iouius saith Malfabrene for he deuideth wales also into thrée regions of whiche he calleth y e first Dumbera the seconde Berfrona the third Malfabrene lyeth directly ouer against y e Isle of Anglesey Anglesey It containeth 4. regions of which the sayde Island is the first wherof in the chapter insuing I wil intreate more at large Arfon The seconde is called Arfon and situate betwéene two ryuers the Segwy the Conwy Merioneth The thirde is Merioneth as it is seuered from Arfon by the Conwy so is it separated from Tegenia otherwyse called Stradcluyd Igenia the fourth regioÌ„ by the riuer Cluda Stradcluyd or Tegenia Finally the limits also of thys latter are extended also euen vnto the Dée it selfe and of these 4. Regions consisteth the kingdome of Venedotia wherof in times past the region of the Canges was not the smallest portion Powisy The kingdome of Powisy last of all erected as I sayde hath on the north side Gwinhed on the East from Chester to Hereforde or rather the Deane forest Englande on the south and west the ryuer Wy and very highe hilles whereby it is notablye seuered from Southwales the chiefe citie thereof being Shropshyre that nowe is inhabited with méere English and where in olde time the kinges of Powysy dyd dwell and holde their pallaces Vpon the limits of this kingdome and not farre from Holt castell vpon eache side of the riuer as the chanell nowe runneth stoode sometime the famous Monastery of BaÌ„gor Bangor whylest the abated glory of the Britons yet remayned vnextinguished herin were 2100. monkes of which the learned sort dyd preache the Gospell and the vnlearned laboured with their hands therby to mainteyne themselues and to sustaine their preachers This Region was in lyke sort deuided afterward in twaine of which the one was called Mailor or Mailrosse the other retayned still hir olde denomination of these the first lay by south and the latter by north of the Sauerne whereof let this suffice sith mine intent is not as nowe to make any precise descriptioÌ„ of the particulars of Wales but onely to shewe howe those regions laye which sometime were knowen to be gouerned in that countrey The third kingdome is Demetia Demetia or Southwales sometime knowen for the region of the Syllures wherevnto I also am perswaded that the Ordolukes lay in the East part thereof and extended their region euen vnto the Sauerne but howsoeuer that matter falleth out Demetia hath the Sauerne on hir south the Irish sea on hir west partes on the east the Sauerne only and by North the land of Powysy whereof I spake of late Of this region also Caermarden which the olde writers call Maridunum was the chiefe pallace vntill at the last thorowe forren and ciuill inuasions of enimies that the Princes thereof were constrayned to remooue theyr courts to Dinefar which is in Cantermawr and situate neuerthelesse vppon the same ryuer Tewye whereon Cairmarden standeth where it is farre better defended with high hilles thicke wooddes craggy rockes and déepe marises In this region also lyeth Pembroke
before addicted himselfe Finally returning home againe he dyd not onely erect an house of his owne order at Bangor in Wales upon the riuer Dée but also sowed the pestiferus séede of his hereticall prauities ouer all this Island whereby he seduced great numbers of the Brytons teaching them to preferre their owne merites before y e frée mercy of God in Iesus Christ his son Thus we sée how newe deuises or orders of religion and heresie came in together I coulde shew also what Cometes and strange signes appeared in Brytayne much about the same time the like of which with dyuers other haue béene perceiued also from time to time sithence the death of Pelagius at the entrance of any newe kinde of religion into this I le of Brytaine But I passe them ouer only for that I woulde not seeme in my tractation of Antiquities to trouble my reader with the rehearsall of any newe inconueniences To procéede therefore with my purpose after these there followed in lyke sort sundrye other kindes of monasticall life Anachorites Heremites Ciryllines Benedictines as Anachorites or Ancres Heremites Cyrillines Benedictines aâ—…beit that onely the heremiticall profession was allowed of in Bryteine vntill the comming of Benedict Biscop who erected the first house of Benedictines that euer was hearde of in this I le They also bare his name and were so well liked of all men y t there were few or no blacke monks in this I le but of his order Monkes and Heremites 〈◊〉 allowed â—… in Britaine The number of religious hoâ—…ses in Englandâ—… 〈◊〉 their disâ—…lution So fast also did these humaine deuises prosper after his time that at their suppression in England Wales only there were founde 440. religious houses at the least wherevnto if you adde of those few y t are yet standing in Scotland you shal sone sée what nuÌ„bers of these dennes of spirituall robbers were mainteined here in Brytaine As touching Pelagius the first Heretike that euer was bredde in this Isle notably knowen and parent of Monachisme it is certaine that before his corruption and fall he was taken for a man of singuler learning déepe iudgement and such a one as vppon whome for his great gift in teaching and strictnesse of lyfe no small parte of the hope expectation of the people did depend But what in wisdome of the flesh without the feare and true knowledge of God and what is learning except it be handemaide to verifye and sounde iudgement Wherfore euen of this man wée maye see it verifyâ—â— that one Roger Bakâ—… pronounced long after Roger Bacon his â—…aying of y e preachers of his time who were y e best lawyers the worst Diuines Of the corruption of his time when all things were measured by witte and worldlye poâ—…licye rather then by the scriptures or Guâ—…dans of the spirit Better it is saith hée to heare a rude and simple I deâ—…e preach the truth without apparauns of skill learned â—…loquenâ—…e then a profe 〈◊〉 Clearke to set forth â—…or with great shewe of learning boast of filed vtterance These follies of Pelagius were blased abroade about the 400. of Christ from thenceforth how his number of Monkes increased on the one side his doctrine on the other there is almost no reader that is vnskilfull ignorant This also is certaine that within the space of 200. yeres and odde there were more then 2100. More theÌ„â—…100 monâ—…es in the â—…olledge â—…r Abbay â—…f Bangor monkes gathered togither in his house whose trades not withstanding the errors of founder who taught such an estimation of merite and bodily exercise as Paule calleth it as therby he sought not onely to impugne but also preuent grace which was in déede the originall occasion of the erection of hys house were yet farre better and more godly then all those religious orders that were inuented of later time wherein the professours lyued to themselues their wombes and the licencious fruition of those partes that are beneath the belly For these laboured coÌ„tinuallye for their owne liuings at vacant times from praier and for the better maintenance of such as were their appoynted Preachers Their liues also were correspondent to their doctrine so that herein onelye they séemed intollerable in that they had confidence in their deedes that they had no warrant out of the worde for their succor defeÌ„ce but were such a plant as the heauenly father had not planted and therefore no meruaile though afterwarde they were raysed by the rootes But as Pelagius and his adherentes had a tyme to infecte the Church of Christ in the Britaine so the lyuing GOD hath had a season to purge the same though not by a full reformation of doctrine sith Germanus Lupus Palladius Patricius Germanus Lupus Palladius Patricius and such like leaning vnto the monasticall trades did not somuch coÌ„demne the generall errors of Pellagius one way as maintayne the same or as euill opinioÌ„s another For as Patricke séemed to like well of y e honoring of the dead so Germanus being in Britaine erected a chappel to S. Alhaâ—… â–ª the â—…ther in Lupus played as Palladius upheld the strickenesse of life Seuerus Sulpitius in vita patricij â—…umonasticall profession 〈◊〉 he vttermost of his power Wherfore God purged his house rather by taking away y e wicked and 〈◊〉 scholemaisters of errour out of this lyfe hoping that by such meanes his people woulde haue giuen eare to the godly that remained But when thys hyâ—… prâ—â—yse coulde take replace the shéepe of his pasture woulde recâ—…iue no wholesome nomâ—…nition it pleased his maiestie to let theÌ„ runne on headlong from one iniquitie to another insomuch that after the doctrine of Pelagius it receiued that oâ—… Rome also â—â—ought iâ—… by Augustine and his makes wherby it was to be seene Augustine y e Monke how they fell from the truth into heresye from one heresy still into another till at the last they were drawned altogither in the pitte of error digged vp by Antichrist as welles that holde no water which notwithstanding to their followers séemed to be most founde doctrine and cisternes of liuing water to such as imbraced the same This Augustine after his arriuall Augustine conuerted the Saxons in déede from Paganisme but as the Prouerb sayth bringing them out of Goddes blessing into the warme sunne he also imbued them wyth no lesse hurtfull supersticion then they did knowe before for beside the only name of Christ and externall contempt of their pristinate Idolatrye be taught them nothing at all but rather I say made an exchange from grosse to subtill trecherie from open to secret Idolatry and froÌ„ the name of Paganes to the bare title of christians thinking this sufficient for theyr soules health and the stablishment of hys monachisme of which kynde of profession the holye Scriptures of God can in no wyse allowe But what caâ—…ed he sith he got the great
time haue not sith their second apprehention applyed theÌ„selues to labor And thus much haue I thought good to set downe generally of the sayde counties and their maner of gouernaunce although not in so perfit order as the cause requireth bycause that of all the rest there is nothing wherewith I am lesse acquainted then with our temporall regiment which to saye truth doth smally concerne my calling Of the number of Bishoprijcks in Englande and Wales and of the present state of the churche there Cap. 5. Two prouinces THere are two prouinces in England of which the first and greatest is subiect to the sie of Cauntorbury the seconde to that of Yorke And of these eyther hath hir Archbishop resident continuallye within hir owne limits who hath not onely the chiefe dealing in things appertaining to the Hierarchy and iurisdiction of the church but also great authoritie in ciuile affayres touching the gouernement of the common wealth so farre foorth as their seuerall circuites doe extende The Archbishop of Cantorbury is coÌ„monly called Primate of all Englande and in the coronation of the kings of this lande his office is to set the Crowne vpon their heades They beare also the name of their high chaplens perpetually although not a few of them haue presumed in tyme past to be their equalles and voide of any subiection vnto theÌ„ which maye easilye appeare by their owne actes epistles and aunsweres wherein they haue sought not onely to match but also to mate them with great rigour and more then opeÌ„ tirannie Examples hereof I could bring many Anselme but this one shall suffice of Anselme who making a showe as if he had béene very vnwilling to be placed in the sée of Cantorbury gaue his aunswere to the letters of such his friendes as made request vnto hym to take that charge vpoÌ„ him Scecularia negotia nescio quia scire nolo eorum namque occupationes horreo liberum affectans animum Voluntati sacrarum intendo scripturarum vos dissonantiam facitis verendumque est ne aratrum sancte Ecclesiae quod in Anglia duo boues validi pari fortitudine ad bonuÌ„ certantes id est rex Archepiscopus debeant trahere nunc oue vetula cum Tauro indomito iugata distorqucatur a recto Ego ouis vetula qui si quietus essem verbi Dei lacte operimento lanae aliquibus possem fortassis non ingratus esse sed si me cum hoc tauro coniungitis videbitis pro desparilitate trahentium aratrum non recte procedere c. Which is in English thus Of seculer affayres I haue no skil bycause I will not know them for I euen abhorre the troubles that ryse about them as one that desireth to haue his minde at libertie I applye my whole indeuour to the rule of the scriptures you lead me to the contrary It is to be feared lest the plough of holy church which two strong Oxen of equal force and both like earnest to contende vnto that which is good that is the king and the Archebishop ought to draw shoulde thereby now swarue from the right forrow by matching of an olde shepe with a wilde vntamed bull I am that olde shepe who if I might be quiet coulde peraduenture shew my selfe not altogither vngratfull vnto some by féeding them with milke of the worde of God and couering them with wooll but if you matche me with this bull you shall sée that thorowe want of equalitie in draught the plough will not go to right c. as followeth in the processe of his letters Thâ—… Beckâ—… Thomas Becket was so proude that he wrate to king Henry the seconde as to his Lord to his king and to his sonne offering him his counsell hys reuerence and due correction c. Others in like sort haue protested that they ought nothing to the kinges of this lande but their counsell onely reseruing all obedience vnto the sée of Rome whereby we may easily sée the pride ambition of the cleargie in the blinde tyme of ignorance But as the Archbishop of Cantorbury hath loÌ„g since obtayned the prerogatiue aboue York although not without gret trouble sute some bloodshed and contention so the Archbishop of Yorke is neuerthelesse primate of Englande as one contentyng himselfe with a péece at the least when all coulde not begotten And as he of Cantorbury crowneth the king so thys of Yorke doth the like vnto the Quéene whose perpetuall Chaplin he is and hath béene from time to time as the writers doe reporte 21. 〈…〉 vnder 〈…〉 vnder Archâ—â—â—shop 〈◊〉 Yorke The first also hath vnder his iurisdiction to the number of one and twentie inferiour bishoppes the other hath onely foure by reason that the churches of Scotland are now remooued froÌ„ his obedience vnto an Archbishop of their owne wherby the greatnesse circuit of the iurisdiction of Yorke is not a little diminished In like sort eache of these seuen twenty sées haue their Cathedral churches wherin the Deanes doe beare the chiefe rule being men especially chosen to that vocation Deaâ—… both for their learning godlinesse so néere as can be possible These Cathedrall churches haue in like maner other dignities and Canonries still remayning vnto theÌ„ as heretofore vnder the Popish regiment Caâ—… Howbeit those that are chosen to the same are no ydle and vnprofitable persons as in times past they haue béene when most of these liuinges were either furnished with straungers especiall out of Italy or such Ideots as had least skill of all in discharging of those functions wherunto they were called by vertue of these stipendes but such as by preaching and teaching can and doe learnedly set foorth the glorie of God and farder the ouerthrow of Antichrist to the vttermost of their powers Moreouer in the sayde Cathedrall churches vpon Sondayes and Festiual dayes Ordinary â—â—rmons the Canones doe make certayne ordinary sermons by course whervnto great numbers of all estates doe orderly resort and vpon the working daies thrise in the wéeke one of the sayd Canons doth reade and expounde some péece of holy scripture Ordinary â—â—positions 〈◊〉 the â—â—riptures wherevnto the people doe very reuerently repaire The bishops themselues in lyke sorte are not ydle in their callings for being nowe exempt from Court counsell The Byâ—…hopes â—…each â—…iligentâ—… whose â—…redecesâ—…ors hereâ—…ofore haue â—…éene occuâ—…ied in â—…emporall â—…ffayres Archdeaâ—…ons they so applye their myndes to the setting foorth of the worde that there are verie few of them which doth not euery Sunday or oftner resorte to some place or other within their iurisdictions where they expounde the scriptures with much grauitie skill They haue vnder them also their Archdeacons some one diuers two many foure or mo as their circuites are in quantity whiche Archedeacons are termed in law the byshoppes eyes and these beside their ordinarie courtes which are holden by themselues or their officials once in a moneth
or Hull men will say howe that stockefishe is light loding and therefore they dyd baiase their vessels with these Iselande stones to kéepe them from turning ouer in their so daungerous a voyage ¶ Of sundry Mineralles Cap. 16. WYth howe great benefites thys Ilande of oures hathe béene indued from the beginning I hope there is no godly man but wyll redily confesse and yéelde vnto the Lorde God his due honour for the same For we are blessed euery way there is no temporall commoditie necessary to bée had or craued by any nacion at Gods hand that he hath not in most abundaunt maner bestowed vpon vs Englishmen if we coulde sée to vse it and be thankefull for the same But alas as I sayd in y e chapter precedent wée loue to enrych them that care not for vs but for our great commodities and one tryfling toye not woorth the caryage coÌ„ming as the prouerbe saith in thrée shyps from beyonde the sea is more woorth with vs theÌ„ a ryght good Iewel easie to be had at home They haue also the cast to teach vs to neglect our owne thinges for if they sée that wée beginne to make any accounte of our commodities if it be so that they haue also y e like in theyr owne countryes they will sodainely abase the same to so lowe a price that our gaine not beyng woorthy our trauaile the same commoditie with lesse cost ready to be had at home from other countries though but for a whyle it causeth vs to gyue ouer our indeuours and as it were by and by to forget the matter whereabout we went before to obteine them at their hands And this is the onely cause wherefore one commodyties are oft so litle estemed Some of them caÌ„ say w tout any teacher that they wil by y e case of a Foxe of an English man for a grote make him afterward giue twelue pence for the tayle Woulde to God wée myght once wexe wyser and eache one indeuour that the common wealth of Englande may flourish againe in hir olde rate and that our coÌ„modities may bée fully wrought at home as cloth if you will for an example and not caryed out to be shorne and dressed abroade whiles our clothworkers here doe sterue and beg their bread for lacke of dayly practise vtterly neglect to be skilfull in thys science But to my purpose We haue in englaÌ„d gret pleÌ„ty of quick Syluer Antimony Sulphur black Lead and Orpiment red and yealow We haue also the finest Alume wherein the diligence of one of the greatest fauourers of the common wealth of England of a subiect hath béene of late egregiously abused euen almost with barbarous inciuility the natural Cinnabarum or Vermilion the Sulphurus glebe called Bitumen in olde tyme vsed for morter and yet burned in lampes where Oyle is scant and geason the Crysocolla Coperous y e Minerall stone wherof Petreolum is made and that which is most straunge the minerall Pearle which as they are for greatnesse and coulour most excellent of all other so are they digged out of the maine land and in sundry places farre distaÌ„t from the shore Of Colemines we haue such plentie in the North. And Westerne partes of our Islande as may suffice for all the Realme of Englande and so must they doe hereafter in déede if woode be not better cherished then it is at this present and to say the truth notwithstanding that very many of them are caryed into other Countryes of the maine yet theyr greatest trade beginneth nowe to growe from the Forge into y e Kitchin and Hall appeare already as maye in most Cities and Townes that lye about the cost where they haue little other fewell except it be turfe and hassocke I marueyle not a little that there is no trade of these into Sussex and Southampton shire for want whereof the Smithes doe worke theyr yron with charre coale I thinke that farre carriage be the only cause which is but a slender excuse to inforce vs to carye them vnto the mayne from thence Beside our coale pittes we haue pyttes in lyke sorte of white plaster and of fâ—…lte and white Marie wherewith in many places the inhabitors doe compest their soile We haue Salte Peter for our ordinaunce and Salt Soda for our glasse and therto in one place a kinde of earth in Sotheâ—…ey as I wéene harde by Codington and sometime in the tenure of one Croxton of London which is so fine to make mouldes for goldsmithes casters of mettal that a lode of it was worth fiue shyllinges thirtie yeares a gone None such againe they say in England But whether there be or not let vs not be vnthankefull to God for these and other his benefites bestowed vpon vs wherby he sheweth hymselfe a louing and mercifull father vnto vs which contrarywyse returne vnto hym in lew of humilitie and obedience nothing but wickednesse auarice méere contempt of hys will and notable ingratitude ¶ Of common or artificiall Salt made in Englande Cap. 17. THere are in Englande certaine welles where Salt is made whereof Lelande hath written aboundantly in his comentaryes of Brytaine and whose words onely I wyll set downe in Englishe as he wrate thâ—… because he séemeth to haue had diligent consideration of the same without adding any thing of my owne vnto hym except it bée where necessitie doth infore me for y e méere aid of the reader in the vnderstanding of his mynd Directing therefore his iourney from Worcester in his peregrination and laborious iourney ouer Englande he saith thus From Worcester I rode to the Wiche by inclosed soyle hauing méetely good Corne grounde sufficient woode and good pasture aboute a sixe myles of Wiche standeth somewhat in a valley or lowe grounde betwixt two small hylles on the left ripe for so he calleth the bancke of euery brooke thorow out all his Englishe treatizes of a pretie ryuer which not farre beneathe the Wiche is called Salope brooke The beautye of the Towne in maner standeth in one streat yet be there many lanes in the Towne besides There is also a meane Church in y e maine streate and once in the wéeke an indifferent rounde markette The Towne of it selfe is somewhat foule and durty when any rayne falleth by reason of much caryage thorowe y e streates which are very yll paued or rather not paued at all The great aduauncement also here is by makyng of Salte and though the commoditye thereof be singuler great yet the Burgesses be poore generally because Gentlemen haue generallye for the most parte gotten the great gaine of it into their handes A coÌ„mon plage in all thinges of any great commodity for one beateth y e bushe but another catcheth y e the birdes as we may sée in Bat-fowling whilest the poore Burgesses yéelde vnto all the labour There are at this present time thrée honored Salters and thrée Salt springs in the Towne of Wiche whereof the principall is within a buâ—…shoote
ouer with that nauie which was rigged on the coasts of Flanders or with some other I will not presume to affirme eyther to or froÌ„ bicause in deed Mamertinus 〈…〉 expresse mention either of Alectus or Asclepiodotus but notwithstanding it is euident by that which is coÌ„teined in his oration that 〈◊〉 Maximian but some other of his caâ—…itâ—…ng gouerned y e armie whiche slewe Alecâ—…us 〈…〉 we may suppose that Asclepiodotus was 〈◊〉 â—…ain ouer some number of ships directed to Maximinians appointment to passe ouer into this yle against the same Alectus and so may this which Maâ—…rtinus writeth agree with the truth of that whiche we fynd in Eutropius Here is to be remeÌ„bred Eutropius y t after Maximianus had thus recouered Britain out of ther 〈…〉 rule therof froÌ„ the Romans it shuld seem y t not only great numbers of artificers other people were conueyed ouer into Gallia there to inhabite and furnish such cities as were run into decay but also a power of warlike youthes was transported thither to defend the countrey from the inuasion of barbarous nations For we fynd that in the dayes of this Maximian the Britons expulsing the NeruiaÌ„s out of the citie of Mons in Henand held a castell there whiche was called Bretaiâ—â—ns after them wherevpon the citie was afterwarde called Mons reteyning the last sillable only as in such cases it hath ofteÌ„ hapned Moreouer this is not to be forgotten y t as Homf Llhuyd hath very wel noted in his book intitled Fragmentae historiae Britannicae Mamertinus in this parcell of his panegerike oration doth make first meÌ„tion of the nation of Picts of al other the ancient Roman writers so that not one before his tyme once nameth eyther Picts or Scots But now to returne wher we left After that Britain was thus recouered by the Romains Diocletian MaximiaÌ„ caling the Empire the I le tasted of the crueltie that Diorclesian exercised agaynste the Christians in persecutyng them wyth all extremityes continually for the space of ten yeeres Moreouer a great nuÌ„ber of Christians which were assembled togither to heare the word of lyfe preached by that vertuous manne Amphibalus were slayn by the wicked Pagans at Lychfield wherof that towne toke name as you wold say The field of dead corpses To be briefe this persecution was so greate greuous Gildas and therto so vniuersall that in maner the ChristiaÌ„ religion was therby destroyed The faithfull people were slayne their bookes brâ—â—t 〈…〉 churches ouerthrown It is recorded that 〈◊〉 in one monethes space in dyuers places of the worlde there were .xvij. M. godlye menne and women put to death for professing the christian faith in the dayes of that tyrant Dioclesian and his fellowe Maximian Coellus COellus Coellâ—… Earle of Colchester began hys dominion ouer the Brytons in the yeare of our Lord .262 262. 〈◊〉 This Coellus or Coell ruled the lande for a certayne tyme so as the Brytons were well contentented with his gouernement and lyued the longer in rest from inuasion of the Romains bicause they were occupied in other places but finally they findyng tyme for their purpose apointed one Constantius to passe ouer into this Isle with an armie the which Constantius put Coelus in suche dread that immediatly vpon his arriuall Coellus sent to him an ambassade and coÌ„cluded a peace with him couenaÌ„ting to pay y e accustomed tribute Caâ—… Galfrid and gaue to Constantius his daughter in mariage called Helene a noble Lady and a lerned Shortly after king Coell dyed after he had reigned as some write .27 yeares 〈◊〉 Caâ—â—â— or as other haue but 13. yeares Of the regiment of thys Prince Harrison maketh no mention in his Chronologie But verily if I shall speake what I thinke I will not denye but assuredly suche a Prince there was howbeit that he had a daughter named Helene whome hee maried vnto Constantius the Romain lieutenant that was after Emperour I leaue that to be decided of the learned For if the whole course of the lyues as well of the father and sonne Constantius and Constantine as lykewyse of the mother Helena bee considerately marked from tyme to tyme and yeare to yeare as out of authors both Greeke and latine y e same may be gathered I feare least such doubt may ryse in this matter that it wil be harder to proue Helene a Britayne than Constantine to be borne in Bithynia as Nicephorus auoncheth but for somuche as I meane not to steppe from the course of oure countreye writers in suche poynts Lib. 7. cap. 1. where the receyued opinion maye seeme to warrant the credite of the historie Iâ—â— with other admit bothe the mother and sonne to be Britons in the whole discourse of the historie following as thoughe I hadde forgot what iâ—… this place I haue sayd Constantius But as touching his reigne ouer the Britons wee haue not to saye further than as we fynde in our owne writers recorded but for his gouernment in the empire it is to be considered that first he was admitted to rule as an assistaÌ„t to Maximian vnder y e title of Cesar so from that time if you shall accompt his reigne it may comprehend xj xij or .xiij. yeares yea more or lesse according to the diuersitie founde in writers But if we shal recken his reign from the time onely that Diocletian and Maximian resigned their title to the Empire VVil. Haris we shall fynde that he reigned not fully .iij. yeares For where as betweene the slaughter of Alectus and the comming of Constantius are accompted .8 yeeres and odde monethes not only those .8 yeeres but also some space of tyme before maye be asended vnto Constantius for although before his comming ouer into Britayn now this last tyme for he had bin here afore as it well appeareth Asclepâ—…odetus gouerned as Legate albeit vnder Constantius who had a greate portion of the west partâ—…es of the empire vnder his regiment by the title as I haue sayd of Cesar although he was not sayde to reigne absolutelye till Diocletian and Maximian resigned wherof it is not amisse to giue this briefe aduertisement accordyng as in William Harrisons Chronologie is sufficiently proued But now to coÌ„clude with the doings of ConstaÌ„tius at leÌ„gth he fel sick at Yorke and there dyed about the yeare of our Lord .306 306. This is not to be forgotten that whylest hee lay on his death bed somewhat before he departed this life hearing that his sonne Constantine was come escaped from the emperours Diocletian Maximianus with whome he remained as a pledge as after shall be partly touched â–ª he receyued him with all ioye and raising himselfe vp in his bed in presence of his other sonnes and counsellours with a greate number of other people and strangers that wer come to visit him he sit the crowne vpon his sonnes head and adorned him with other imperiall roabes and garmentes executing as it were
he had thus vanquished his enimyes Henric. Hut whiche as some write were come as farre as Stanfourde and vsed at that tyme to fight wyth long Dartes and Speares whereas the Saxons fought onelye wyth long swordes and Axes There bee that haue written howe the Saxons were not sent for but came by chaunce into the I le Calf Mon. and the occasion to be this There was an auncient custome amongst the English Saxons a people in Germanie as was also at the first among other Nations that when the multitude of them was so increased that the Countrey was not able to sustayne and finde them by commaundement of their Princes they shoulde choose out by lottes a number of yong and able personages fitte for the warres which should go forth to seeke them newe habitations and so it chaunced to these that they came into great Britaine and promised to serue the king for wages in his warres But by what meane soeuer they came hither truth is that Hengistus being a man of great wit rare policie and high wisdome was their Captaine Hengist purposeth at the first to conquere the Brytaynes who vnderstanding this Kings minde which now wholy trusted to the valiancie of the Saxons and herewith perceiuing the fruitfulnesse of the Countrey streight wayes began to consider with himselfe by what wyles and craft he might by little and little settle here and obteine a kingdome in the I le and to establish the same to him and to his for euer Therefore first he indeuoured with all speede possible to fence that part of the Countrey which was giuen to him and his people Polidor and to enlarge and furnish it with garisons appointed in places most conuenient After this he did what he could to perswade the king that a great power of men might be brought ouer out of Germanie that y e land being fortified with such a strength the enimies might be put in feare and his subiects holden in rest The King not foreseeing the happe that was to come did not despise this counsell contriued to the destruction of his Kingdome and so was more ayde sent for into Germanie wherevpon now at this seconde tyme there arriued here VVil. Mal â–ª 13. â—…oyâ—… plaâ—…es saye the Scottish wryters and M. men in 〈◊〉 same The Saxons call these Vâ—…sels Cooles Keeles and 〈◊〉 old hystoriâ—… Cogiâ—â— xvj vessels fraught with people and at the same time came the Ladie Rowen or Ronix daughter to Hengyst a Mayde of excellent beautie and comelynesse able to delite the eyes of them that shoulde behold hir and specially to win the heart of Vortigerne with the dart of concupiscence whervnto he was of nature much inclyned and that did Hengest well perceyue There came ouer into thys lande at that tyme and soone after three manner of people of the Germaine Nation as Saxons Vita or Iutes â—…e Vitae or â—…e are called â—…ri â—…lex Now. and Angles ouer the whiche the sayde Hengist and Hors beeing brethren were Captaines and rulers men of right noble parentage in theyr Countrey as discended of that auncient Prince Wâ—…den of whom the English Saxon kings doe for the more part fetche theyr pedegree as lineally descended from him vnto a whom also the English people falsely reputing him for a God consecrated the fourth day of the weeke as they did the sixth to his wyfe frâ—…e so that the some dayes tooke more of them the one beeing called Wodensday â—…ednesday â—…d Fryday hereof they â—…me and the other Fâ—…readay which wordes after in continuance of time by corruption of speech were somewhat altred though not much as from Wodensday to Wednesday and from Freaday to Fryday â—…da The foresayde Woden was father to Vecta father to Wetgislus that was father to the foresayd Hengistus and Horsus But nowe to rehearse further touching those three people whiche at this time came ouer into Brytayne oute of Germanie of the Vites or Iutes as Beda recordeth are the Kentishmen discended and the people of the I le of Wlight with those also that inhabite ouer agaynste the same I le Of the Saxons came the East Saxons the South Saxons and West Saxons Moreouer of the Angles proceeded the East Angles the middle Angles or Mercies and the Northren men That these Angles were a people of Germanie Cor. Tacitus it appeareth also by Cornelius Tacitus who calling them Anglij which worde is of three sillables as Polidore sayth But some wryte it Angli with two sillables And that these Angli or Angliâ—… were of no small force and authoritie in Germanie before their comming into this lande may appeare in that they are numbred amongest the twelue nations there whiche had lawes and auncient ordinaunces a part by them selues according to the whiche the state of theyr common wealth was gouerned they beeing the same and one people with the Thoringers as in the tytle of the olde Thuringers lawes wee finde recorded whiche is thus Lex Angliorum VVerinorum hoc est Thuringorum The law of the Angles and VVerinians that is to witte the Thuringers whiche Thuringers are a people in Saxonie as in the description of that Countrey it may appeare is this Polidor But nowe to the matter Hengist perceyuing that his people were highly in Vortigernes fauour beganne to handle him craftily deuysing by what meanes hee mighte bring him im loue with his daughter Ronix Rowen or Ronowen Hengistes daughter or Rowen or Ronowen as some write which he beleeued wel would easily be brought to passe bycause he vnderstoode that the King was much giuen to sensuall lust VVil. Malm. which is the thing that often blindeth wise mens vnderstanding and maketh them to dote and to loss theyr perfite wittes yea and oftentymes bringeth them to destruction though by suche pleasant poyson as they feele no better taste tyll they be brought to the extreeme poynt of confusion in deede A greate Supper therefore was prepared by Hengist at the whiche pleased the King to be present Hengist appoynted his daughter when euerie man beganne to bee somewhat â—…erâ—…ie wyth winke Gal. Mon. to bring in a Cuppe of Golde full of good and pleasant wine and to present it to the King saying VVassail Which shee did in such comely and decent maner as she that knewe howe to doe it well ynough so as the King marueyled greatlye thereat and not vnderstanding what shee ment by that salutation Wassail what it signifieth demaunded what it signified To whom it was aunswered by Hingist that the wished him well and the meaning of it was that he should drinke after hir ioyning thervnto this answere drinke haile Wherevpon the king as he was enformed tooke the cuppe at the Damsels hand and dranke Finally this yong Ladie behaued hirselfe with such pleasant wordes comely countenaunce and amiable grace that the king behelde hir so long till he felt himselfe so farre in loue with hir person that he burned in
that the sayde Cheldrike made prouision of menne and shippes Matâ—… VVest hath but 〈◊〉 hundred and came hymselfe ouer iâ—…to Scotlande hauing in his company .xv. hundred sayles of one and other When Arthur was aduertised thereof he reysed his siege and withdrewe to London sending letters with all speede vnto Howell king of little Britayne in Fraunce that was his sisters sonne requiring hym in moste earnest wyse of ayde Hovvell 〈◊〉 of Britayn â—…meth ouer a ayde of 〈◊〉 Howell incontinentely assembled hys people to the number of xv thousande men and taking the sea landed with them at Southampton where Arthure was ready to receyue hym with great ioye and gladnesse From thence they drewe Northewardes where both the hostes of Arthur and Howell beeing assembled together marched forewarde to Lyncolne whiche Citie Cheldrike did as then besiege Heerevpon the Brytons takyng good host ages for assuraunce permitted the Saxons to go their ways and so Cheldrike and his people got them to theyr shippes in purpose to returne into their countrey but being on the sea they were forted by wynde to chaunge theyr course and comming on the coastes of the Weast partes of Britayne they arriued at Totnesse and contrarye to the couenaunted articles of theyr laste composition wyth Arthure inuade the countrey of newe and taking such armure as they could fynde marched foorth in robbing and spoyling the people til they came to Bathe which towne the Brytons kepte and defended agaynst them not suffryng them by any meanes to enter there Bathe besieged wherevppon the Saxons enuironed it with a strong siege There were slayne both Colgrime and Bladulff howbeit Cheldrike himselfe fled out of the fielde towardes his shippes but beeing pursued by Cador Earle of Cornewall that had with him .x. Cheldrik slayne by Cador duke of Cornvvall thousande men by Arthures appoyntement he was ouertaken and in fight slayn with all his people Arthur himselfe retourned from this battayle foughten at Bathe with all speede towardes the marches of Scotlande for that he hadde receyued aduertisement K. Hovvell besieged by the Scottes howe the Scottes had besieged Howell kyng of Brytayne there as hee laye sicke Also when Cador had accomplished his enterpryse and slayne Chelderike hee retourned with as muche speede as was possible towardes Arthure and founde him in Scotlande where he reskued Howell and afterwarde pursued the Scottes which fled before him by heapes Guillomer About the same tyme one Guillomer king of Ireland arriued in Scotlande with a myghtie power of Irishmen neare to the place where Arthur lodged to healpe the Scottes agaynste the Britons whervpon Arthur turning his forces towardes the same Guillomer vanquished him and chased him into Irelande This don he coÌ„tinued in pursute of the Scots til he caused theÌ„ to sue for pardon and to submit themselues wholly to him and so receiuing them to mercie and taking homage of them hee returned to Yorke Guenever and shortly after tooke to wyfe one Guenhera a right beautifull Lady that was neere kinswoman to Cador Erle of Cornwall In the yeare folowing VVil. Harrison noteth it to be which Harison noteth to be 525. he went into Irelande and discomfiting king Guillomere in battayle 525. hee constrayned him to yelde and to acknowledge by doing his fealtie to holde the realme of Ireland of him It is further remembred in those Britishe histories Gothlandâ—… that hee subdued Gutlande and Iseland with all the Isles in and about those seas Also that hee ouercame the Romaines in the countrey aboute Parys wyth theyr capitayne Lucius and wasted the moste parte of all Fraunce and slewe in syngular combates certayne Gyauntes that were of passyng force and hugenesse of stature And if he had not bene reuoked home to resist his cousin Mordred that was son to Loth king of Pightlande that rebelled in his countrey he had passed to Rome intending to make himselfe Emperour and afterwarde to vanquishe the other Emperoure that then ruled the Empire but for so muche as there is not anye approued authour dothe speake of any suche doings the Britons are thoughte to haue registred mere fables in stede of true matter vpon a vayne desire to aduaunce more than reason woulde thys Arthur theyr noble champion as the Frenchemen haue doone by their Roulande and others But to proceede At his returne into Britayne he foundâ—… that Mordred had caused himselfe to be made kyng Rather Cerdick as Io. Leland thinketh and hauing alyed himself with Cheldrike a Saxon not hym whome Galfride as yee haue heard supposeth to haue ben slaine before was readie to resist his landing so that before he could come a lande he lost many of his men but yet at lengthe hee repulsed the enimies and so tooke lande at Sandwiche where he fyrste arriued and then ioyning in battayle wyth his enimies discomfited them but not without great losse of his people specially hee sore lamented the death of Gawayn the brother of Mordred whyche lyke a faythfull gentleman regarding more his honour and loyall truthe than nearenesse of bloud and cousinage chose rather to fight in the quarell of his liege king and louing maister than to take parte with his naturall brother in an vniust cause and so there in the battaile was slayn together also with Angussell to whome Arthur afore tyme had committed the gouernemente of Scotland Mordred fled from this battayle and getting shippes sayled Westwarde and fynally landed in Cornewall King Arthur caused the corps of Gawayâ—… to be buryed at Douer Gawaâ—â—ed at 〈◊〉 as some holde opinion But Willyam Malmesburie supposeth he was buryed in Wales as after shall be shewed The dead bodie of Anguyssell was conueyed into Scotlande and was there buryed After that Arthur hadde put his enimies to flight and had knowledge into what part Mordred was withdrawne wyth all speede he reinforced his armie with newe supplyes of souldiours called out of diuers parties and with hys whole puissaunce hasted forwarde not resting tyll hee came neere to the place where Mordred was encamped wyth suche an Aâ—…iye as hee coulde assemble togither oute of all such parties where he had any frendes Here as it appeareth by Iohn Leylande in his booke entitled The Assertion of Arthure it may be doubted in what place Mordred was encamped but Geffrey of Monmouthe sheweth that after Arthure hadde discomfyted Mordred in Kent at the firste landyng it chaunced so that Mordred escaped and fledde to Wynchester whyther Arthure followed hym and there gyuyng hym battayle the seconde tyme didde also put hym to flyght And following him from thence foughte eftesoones wyth hym at a place called Camblan or Kemelene in Cornewall or as some Authours haue neere vnto Glastenbury 〈…〉 the middle thighe of a ryghte tall manite 〈◊〉 Monke of that 〈◊〉 hath 〈◊〉 whyche did lyue in those dayes and 〈◊〉 it But Girâ—◠〈…〉 whyche also lyued in 〈◊〉 dayes and spake with the â—â—ot of the place by whome the 〈◊〉 of thys
report of his malitious practises to bryng hymselfe and hys sonnes to the chiefe seate of gouernemente in the Kingdome or that of hatred such slaunders were reysed of him it may of some perhappes be doubted bycause that in the dayes of King Edwarde whiche was a soft and gentle Prince hee bare greate rule and authoritie and so mighte procure to himselfe euill report for euery thing that chanced amisse as oftentimes it commeth to passe in suche cases where those that haue greate doyngs in the gouernemente of the common wealthe are commonly euill spoken of and that now and theÌ„ without their gilt But truth it is that Goodwin beeing in authoritie both in the dayes of K. Edward and his predecessors did many thyngs as should appeare by Writers more by will than by law Hen. Hunt and so likewise did his sonnes vpo presumption of the great puissance that they and theyr father were of within the Realme Hee had to wife the sister of K. Cnute Editha of whome hee begate three sonnes as some write that is to saye Polidor Harrolde Biorne and Tostie also his daughter Editha the which he found meanes to bestowe in marriage vpon King Edward as before ye haue heard But other write VVil. Malm. that he had but one sonne by Cnutes sister the whiche in riding of a rough Horse was throwen into the Riuer of Thames and so drowned His mother also was striken with a thunderbolte and so perished worthely as is reported for hir naughty doyings She vsed to buy great numbers of yong persons and namely maides that were of any excellencie in beutie and personage y t which she sent ouer into Denmarke and there sold them to hir most aduantage After hir decesse as the same authours record Goodwin married another woman by whome he had issue sixe sonnes Suanus or Swayne Harrolde Tostie or Tosto Wilnote Gurth and Leofricke of them mention is and shall be further made as places conuenient shall serue thereto Shortly after in the yeare .1057 Aldred Bishop of Worceter was sente ouer vnto the Emperoure Henry the third to fetche Edwarde the sonne of Edmund Ironside into EnglaÌ„d whom King Edwarde was desirous to see meaning to ordeyne him heire apparante to the Crowne but he died the same yere after he was now returned into England Edward the outlaw departed this life This Edward was surnamed the outlawe his body was buryed at Westminster or as other say in y e Church of Saint Paule within London 1056 Leofricke Erle of Chester departed this life Ran. Higd. Mat. VVest The same yeare that is to witte in the seuenteenth or in the sixtenth yeare of King Edwards raigne as some write Leofricke the noble Earle of Chester or Mercia that was sonne to Duke Leofwine departed this life in his owne Towne of Bromeley the last day of August and was buried at Couentrie in the Abbey there which he had builded This Earle Leofricke was a man of greate honor wise and discret in all his doyngs His high wisedome and policie stoode the Realm in great steede whilest he liued He had a noble Lady to his wife named Gudwina at whose earnest sute he made the Citie of Couentrie free of all manner tolle Couentrie made free of tolle and custome except for Horses and to haue that tolle layde downe also his foresaide Wife rode naked through the middest of the Towne without other couerture saue only hir heare Moreouer partly â–ª moued by his owne deuotion and partly by the perswasion of that noble Lady his wife he builded or beneficially augmeÌ„ted and repared many Abbeyes and Churches as the saide Abbey or Priory at Couentrie the Abbeyes of Wenlocke Worceter Stone Eueshame and Leof beside Herford Also he buylded two Churches within the Citie of Chester Churches in Chester built the one called S. Iohns and the other Saint Werbrough The valew of y e iewels and ornaments which he bestowed on the Abbey Church of Couentrie was inestimable After Leofrickes death his sonne Algar was made Earle and entituled in all his landes and Seigniories In the yeare following to witte 1058. H. Hunt Algar Earle of Chester exiled the same Algar was accused again through malice of some enuious persons of treason so that he was exiled the land wherevppon he repared agayne vnto his old friend Griffin Prince of Northwales of whome hee was ioyfully receyued and shortly after by his ayde and also by the power of a nauie of Ships that by chaunce arriued in those parties at that selfe season vnlooked for out of Norway Sim. Dunel the said Algar recouered hys Earledome by force as some haue written King Edward about the twentith yere of his raine 1063 Sim. Dunel Math. VVest as then remayning at Glocester appoynted Earle Harrolde to inuade the Dominions of Griffin King of Wales Harrold taking with him a power of Horsemen made speed and came to Rutland and there brenned Griffins Palace and also his Shippes and then about midlent returned againe into England After this about the Rogation weeke Harrold eftsoones by the Kings commaundemente wente against the Welchmen and taking the Sea sayled by Bristowe round about the coast compassing in maner al Wales His brother Tostie that was Earle of Northumberland met him by appointment with an host of Horsemen and so ioyning togither Wales destroyed and harried by the Englishmâ—â— The Welchmen agree to pay their accustomed tribute they destroyed the countrey of Wales in suche sorte that the Welchmen were compelled to submit themselues to deliuer hostages and conditioned to pay the auntient tribute which before time they had payd And moreouer they renounced their Prince the forenamed Griffin so that he remayned as a banished person and finally about the fifth day of August they slewe him and sent his head to Earle Harrold 1064 VVil. Malm. Sim. Dunel Afterwards King Edward graunted y e rule of Wales vnto Blengent or Blethgent and Riuall Griffins two brethren whiche did homage vnto hym for the same and hadde serued vnder Harrold against their brother the foresaid Griffin There be that write that not onely Griffin but also another of his brethreÌ„ also called Rise was brought to his death by the manfull meanes and politike order of Earle Harrold VVil. Malm. and all the sauadge people of Wales reduced into the forme of good order vnder the subiection of King Edwarde Shortly after Harrold goeth ouer into Normandy Polidor Earle Harrolde chaunced to passe ouer into Normandy whether of happe or of purpose it is harde to define writers varry so much in report thereof Some write that he made earnest suite to King Edward to haue licence to goe ouer to see his brother Wilnote Edmerus and his nephewe Hacun which as yee haue heard were deliuered as pledges to Kyng Edwarde and sente into Normandy to remayne there with Duke William and at length with muche adoe gote leaue but yet he was told
were but very yong in yeres and not able for mariage yet to coÌ„passe his purpose that wayes forth he sente his ambassadors vnto the Lordes of Scotlande requiring to haue hir to wife and the realme withall as dewe vnto hir by good title and right of inheritance The lords after long deliberation herein had consented to his desire vnder these conditions that the realme should remain in all freedomes liberties without any kind of seruile subiection in the same maner and state as it was vsed in y e days of king Alexander last deceassed and other his noble progenitors and if it chaunced that no issue came of this mariage to succeede them then should the crowne returne by remaynder ouer to the next heires of king Alexander without any clayme or pretexte of title to bee made by kyng Edwarde or any of his successours in time to come Immediatly herewith two noble knights sir Iohn Scot of Albawore sir Iames Wemys were sent into Norway to fetche the bryde ouer into Scotlande but before their comming thyther The daughter of Norway deceasseth she was deceassed and so they returned backe into Scotland againe withoute effecte of their errande And thus by meanes of hir death all amitie and frendship betwixt Englishemen Scots ceassed The coÌ„tention betwixte the kinsmen of K. Alexander for the crowne Then began to ensue great trouble businesse in Scotland by reason of the contention whiche sprang betwixte the kinsemen of king Alexander for the title claym which they seuerally made and pretended to the crowne See more of this matter in the Englishe histories There were .iij. chiefly that semed by nerenesse of bloud to haue most right and therfore made most earnest suite in their claime Iohn Ballyol Robert Bruce and Iohn Hastings This Robert Bruce The auncestors of Robert le Bruce was sonne to the son of that Robert Bruce which maried Isabell the yoÌ„gest daughter of Dauid Erle of Huntington on whome he got a son named also Robert that maried the inheritor of Carryn as the haue shewed before whose some this Robert Bruce was The lyue of the Ballyoâ—…̄e with his title to the crowne that how claimed the crown Iohn Bâ—…shol came of Margaret eldest daughter to the foresaid Dauid 〈◊〉 of Huntington 〈…〉 lorde of Gallowaye which marryed the sayde Margarete begot on hit two daughters of the which the eldest named Derwogil was giuen in mariage vnto the Iohn Ballyol father vnto this Iohn Ballyoll y e thâ—â—â— made clayme to the crowne alledging that 〈◊〉 so much as he was come of the eldest daughter of Earle Dauid the brother of king William hee ought by reson to be repused as next â—…eile to the same king William sith none other person afirm approched so neare vnto him in bloud On the other syde Roberte Bruce The title of Robert Bruce albeeit hee was descended of the youngest daughter â—…o Earle Dauid yet was he â—…ome of the firste issue male for his father was first borne and therefore if king William had deceassed without issue the crowne had descended vnto him for which consideration Hastings he mainteyned that he ought nowe to be preferred Hastings also for his part bycause hee was come of the yongest daughter of king Dauid maryed to his father Henrie Hastings wanted not allegations to propone why he ought to be admitted Besides these there were other also that made claim to the crowne of Scotland and had matter sufficieÌ„t to mainteyn their sute This controuersie being brought before the gouernors was at sundry times argued with much coÌ„tention not without the assistance of the nobles fauoring the parties as occasion of frendship or kynred moued them The doubt of the gouernors namely Ballyol Bruce had no small nuÌ„ber y e leaned vnto their parts by reason wherof y e gouernors were in doubt to proceed to any definite senteÌ„ce in the mater lest if they declared one of theÌ„ king and other wold atteÌ„pt to vsurpe the crowne by force Herevpon they iudged it best to refer the decision of all this whole mater vnto some mightye king whiche was of puissance able to constrayne the parties repugnant to obey his sentence Herevnto was none thought so meete as Edward king of EnglaÌ„d therfore they chose him who taking the charge vpon him as compete at iudge promised by a certayne daye to come vnto Barwike willing that their counsell might be assembled there against that time At his comming thither at the day assigned and hauing hearde what coulde be sayd on eache part The title doubtfull and throughly considering at length theyr allegations he perceyued the same doubtfull and required a longer time to discusse y e troth by good aduise of counsel therfore required to haue .xij. ScottishmeÌ„ y e best lerned most skilful lawyers of al the realme to be associate with .xiv. English men whiche he promised to choose foorthe of the most perfect and wyâ—…eâ—â— cleâ—â—es that myght bee founde within all his dominions to the in tâ—â—te that by their ripe aduised debating of the matter the trouth might appeare according to the whiche he mynded to giue sentence without fauour eyther of one parte or other When all suche matters and proues as were proponed by the parties alleged by them for furtherance of their titles were put in writing as matter of recorde he returned backe agayne into Englande This report of the Scottishe writers smelleâ—â— altogether of malice conceyued against him for that he scourged them so yeare for their â—â—â—oths Here the Scottishe writers reporte that king Edwarde vsed himselfe nothing vprightly in this matter but accordingly as it often happeneth had the eyes of his conscience blynded vppon hope to gayne somewhat by this credit thus to him coÌ„mitted But how vniustly he is slaundered in this behalfe I leaue to the indifferente readers to consider by conferring that whith the Scottes doe write thereof with that which is to be founde in our Englishe historie But to proceede as we fynd it in the Scottish writers king Edward to be satisfied in knowledge of the truth sent into France for men lerned of great experieÌ„ce in the lawes that he might haue their opinions in the demandes of y e parties for their doutfull rightes But sayth Hector Boetius he first coÌ„maunded them in no wise to agree vpon any resolute poynte but rather to varie in opinions that when the plea should seme doubtfull by reason of their contrarietie in deciding thereof he mighte the better vnder that colour giue iudgement with which parte he thought most expedient to serue his purpose Respect of persons in deciding controuersies is not to be considered Howbeit the most parte of the lawyees iudged with Robert Bruce both for the worthines of his person and also for that hee was come of the fyrst issue male But some there were that gaue sentence with Iohn Ballyole for that he was descended of the
with no small losse on bothe partes The Erle of Bothwell After this the Earle of Bodwell lying on the bordures as Lieutenant accordyng to the order for the time of his quarterage entred one day into England sent his forrey to brenne Fenton towne keeping himselfe in ambush at Haltwel Sweyre Sir HeÌ„ry Percy aduertised that y e Scottes were thus entred got togither a thousande horse and makyng foorth to defende the countrey set vpon the Earle at the foresayde place of Haltwell Sweyre Haltwell Sweyre but some feare entring into the harts of the Englishmen by reason of certayne shotte whiche the Scottes had there with them fledde and were pursued by the Scottes ouer the water of Till There were taken about sixe skore Englishmen amongst whom capitayne Erington The English men put to flight capitayne Car that had the leadyng of light horsemen were twoo beside diuers other men of good accompte in seruice as one Vaughan a Gentleman and suche lyke Aboute this time whylest the Lorde Evre commonly called Evers remayned capitayne of Berwike one Kirkandye cousine to sir William Kirkandye Lord of Grange chanced to be taken prysoner into Berwike and afterwardes beyng ransoned at his commyng home to Aymouth he made reporte that hee had bene to straytly vsed during the tyme that he remayned prysoner at the handes of the sayde Lord Evre by reason whereof The Lard of Grange chaleÌ„geth the Loâ—… Evre vpon a chalenge made by Grange to fight a combat with the Lord Evre the mater grewe to this issue that where their degrees were not equall Raufe Evre brother to the Lorde Evre vndertooke in his brothers behalf to breake a staffe with the Lard of Grange vpon the side of Halidon hill at a day appoynted where they mette eyther of them bringing twelue Gentlemen with them to see the triall of this chalenge performed But when they came to haue theyr armour and weapons vewed the truth is so that Grange was armed in a coate of plate and a cuirace alofte vpon it wherewith some faulte was founde bycause Master Evre was cladde only in a single coate of plate without any other peeces of armour for defence of his body but yet suche was the great courage of the sayd Master Evre that he would not refuse the chalenge notwithstaÌ„ding his aduersaries aduantage of armour The Lard of Grange and master Raufe Evre ranne oâ—… against another Wherevpon they raÌ„ne togither and brake both theyr slaues and as it fortuned Master Evre was hurte in the flanke The warre beyng thus pursued betwixte Englande and Scotland beside the encounters and roades whiche are before mencioned there were twoo great roades made into Scotlande the one by the Earle of Westmerlande and the other by the Earle of NorthuÌ„berland the Lord Talbot beyng there and hauing the leadyng of certaine DemilaÌ„ces Moreouer it was thought good by the Englishmenne not onely to annoy the Scottes by lande but also by sea wherevpoÌ„ sir Iohn Clere with certayne shippes of warre sayled foorth alongst the coaste till at length he arriued at the Isles of Orkenay where goyng a lande aboute an enterpryse Sir Iohn Cleâ—… slayne in the Isle of Orkeâ—… and staying longer than was requisite he was encountred by his aduersaries and slayne with many of his people whiche were there a lande with him But although the Scottes had good successe in that parte they susteyned greate domage on the West side of the realme by a iourney which the Earle of Sussex then Lorde deputie of Irelande attempted agaynst them For the better vnderstaÌ„ding whereof ye shal note that after the Lord Clinton high Admirall of Englande had brent the towne of CoÌ„quest in Brytaigne there were seuen shippes of warre appoynted to passe into Irelande as the Marie Willoughbie the New barke the Sacret the Gerfaucon and three other that were Merchantes and appointed that yeare to serue the Queene of Englande in hir warres There were also beside those seuen shippes of warre two vitaylers appointed to attende vpon them sir Thomas Cotton was ordeined theyr Admirall and one Southweke of Douer theyr vice Admirall Vpon their arriuall in Yreland The journey 〈◊〉 the earle of Sussex into the â—…esâ—… partes of Scotlande the Earle of Sussex hauyng also prepared three other ships with sufficient and necessary prouision for his iourney imbarqued with so many souldiers as conueniently might be bestowed aborde in that fleete contayning xij sayle in the whole and departyng towarde the West of Scotland landed in a parte of the countrey called Kentyre â—…re with as many Souldiers Mariners as might be spared out of the shippes leauyng them furnished with competent numbers for theyr sauegarde and being got to land he passed foorth into the countrey 〈◊〉 Maconnel and brent twoo houses that belonged to Iames Maconnel chiefe Gouernour of those parties and greate enimie to the EnglishmeÌ„ He brent also diuers townes villages and hamlettes belongyng vnto the sayde Maconnell with great store of corne other things which came in theyr way The Scottes oftentimes skirmished with the Englishmenne but durst not aduenture to ioyne with them in battayle they kepte so good order by the Earle of Sussex his politike and valiant conduction There were a sorte of Scottes gotten into a boate meanyng to haue fled but being appreheÌ„ded by y e EnglishmeÌ„ they were executed Finally after the Earle had remayned there on lande in brennyng and spoylyng the countrey for the space of three dayes he returned to his shippes in safetie wente aborde agayne with his men and making sayle to the Isle of Arrane The earle of 〈◊〉 brent â—…le of Arâ—… entred the hauen called Amalasche and laÌ„dyng at that place brente the countrey and after wente to Cumber where he likewise brent haried that I le This done he meante to haue gone vnto twoo other Ilandes Ylay and Iurey but the windes grewe so terrible with tempestes foule weather 〈◊〉 weaâ—… that they lost one of theyr shippes and some of the rest were so rent and spoyled of their tagle and furniture as they escaped in great hazarde of beyng caste away also There were xxvj Mariners drowned the which perceyuing the shippe to be in daunger of sinkyng fled into the boate and so perisshed The other that remayned in the shippe were saued as Maister Fraunces Randoll and others By reason therfore of such foule weather the Earle of Sussex was constrayned to returne into Yrelande arriuing at Cragfergus The earle of Sussex retourned into Irelande where he landed with his Souldiers and appoynting the ships to returne into Englande he passed by land vnto Dublyn spoyling the enimies countreys by the way and takyng from them a greate pray and bootie of cattell notwithstanding the paynefull passage whiche he had to make through the combresome wayes bowgges and wooddes without reliefe of all necessarie things in that so troublesome a iourney Thus farre for those two yeares warre in
office so as your doyngs may redounde to his glorie the suretie of hir Maiesties dominion there your ovvne aduancement in Honour and consequently to the sure supporte and peaceable quietnesse of the true and loyall subiectes of that Realme Your honours most humble to commaunde RAPHAEL HOLINSHED ¶ A Treatise contayning a playne and perfect Description of Irelande with an Introduction to the better vnderstanding of the Hystories appartayning to that Islande compyled by Richard Stanyhurst and written to the Ryght Honorable Syr Henry Sydney Knight Lorde Deputie of Irelande Lorde president of Wales Knight of the most noble order of the Garter and one of hir Maiesties priuie Counsell within hir realme of England MY VERY good Lorde there haue beene diuers of late that with no small â—…oyle and great commendaâ—…ion haue throughly imployed themselues in â—…lling and packing togither the scrapings and frâ—…gments of the Hystorie of Ireland AmoÌ„g which crow my fast friende inwarde compagnion M. Edmond Campion dyd so learnedly bequite himselfe in the penning of certayne briefe notes coÌ„cerning that countrey as certes it was greatly to be lamented that eyther hys theame had not béene shorter or else his leasure had not beene longer For if Alexander were so raâ—…isht with Homer hys hystorie that notwithstaÌ„ding Thersites were a crabbed and a rugged dwarfe being in outwarde feature so deformed and in inwarde conditions so crâ—…ked as he seemed to stande to no better stéede then to leade Apes in hâ—…ll yet the valiaunt capitayne weighing howe liuely the goldeÌ„ Poet set foorth the ougly daâ—…deprat in his coulours dyd sooner wyshe to be Homer his Thersites then to be the Alexander of that doltish rythmour which vndertooke with his woodden verses to blase his famous and martiall exploytes howe much more ought Irelande being in sundry ages seized of diuers good and couragious Alexanders sore to long thirste after so rare a clarcke as M. Campion who was so vpright in conscience so déepe in iudgement so rype in eloquence as the countrey might haue bene wel assured to haue had their hystorie truely reported pithily handled and brauely polished Howbeit although the glose of his fine abridgement being macht with other mens dooings bare a surpassing kinde of excellencie yet it was so hudled vp in haste as in respect of a Campion his absolute perfection it séemed rather to be a work roughly hewed then smoothly planed Vpon which grounde the gentleman being willing y t his so tender a suckling hauing as yet but gréene bones should haue béene swadled and rockt in a cradle till in tract of tyme the ioynctes thereof were knit and growen stronger yet notwithstanding he was so crost in the nycke of thys determination that his hystorie in mitching wyse wandred through sundry hands and being therwithall in certaine places some what tyckle tongued for M. Campion dyd learne it to speake and in other places ouer spare it twiâ—…led more tales out of schoole and drowned weightyes matters in silence then the â—…uctor vpon better view and longer searche woulde haue permitted This much being by the sager sorte poudered and the perfection of the hystorie earnestly desired I as one of the most that could doe least was fully resolued to enriche M. Campion his Chronicle with further additioÌ„s But weighing on the other side that my course pack thréede coulde not haue béene sâ—…tably knit with his sine sticke what a disgrace it were hungerly to botch vp a riche garment by clowting it with patches of sundrye coulours I was foorthwyth reclaymed from my former resolution reckening it for better that my penne shoulde walke in such wyse in that craggie and balkishe way as the truth of the matter being forepriced I would neyther openly borrow nor priuily imbezell ought to any great purpose from his hystorie But as I was hammering that worke by stealthes on y e anuille I was giuen to vnderstande by some of mine acquaintaunce that others had brought our rawe hystorie to that rypenesse as my paine therein woulde séeme but néedelesse Wherevpon being willing to be eased of the burden and loath also in lurching wise to forestall any man his trauayle I was contented to leaue them thumping in the forge and quietlye to repayre to mine vsuall and pristinate studies taking it not to stande with good maners lyke a flittering flye to fall in an other man his dishe Howbeit the little payne I tooke therin was not so secretly mewed within my closet but it slipt out at one chincke or other and romed so farre abroade as it was whispered in their eares who before were in the hystorie busied The gentlemen conceyuing a greater opinion of mée then I was well able to vpholde dealt very effectually with mée that aswell at their instaunce as for the affection I bare my natiue countrey I woulde put mine helping hand to the building and perfecting of so commendable a worke Hauing breathed for a fewe dayes on this motion albeit I knewe that my worke was plumed with Doime and at that time was not sufficientlye feathered to flée yet I was by them weighed not to beare my selfe coy by giuing mine entier friendes in so reasonable a request a squaimish repulse Wherfore my singular good Lorde herâ—… is layde downe to your Lordshippe his view a briefe discourse with a iagged hystorie of a ragged Weale publicke Yet as naked as at the first blushe it seemeth if it shall stande wyth your Honour his pleasure whome I take to be an experte Lapidarie at vacant houres to insearche it you shall finde therein stones of such estimatioÌ„ as are woorthy to be coucht in riche and precious collets And in especiall your Lordship aboue all others in that you haue the charge of that countrey may here be schooled by a right line to leuell your gouernement For in perusing this hystorie you shall finde vice punished vertue rewarded rebellion suppressed loyaltie exalted hautinesse dislyâ—…ed courtisie beloued brybery detested iustice embraced polling Officers to there parpetuall shame reproued and vpright gouernours to their eternall fame extolled And â—…ruely to my thinking such magistrates as meane to haue a vigilant eye to their charge can not bestow their tyme better then when they sequence themselues froÌ„ the affayres of the wealpublicke to recreate quicken their spirites by reading the Chronicles that decipher the gouernement of a wealepublicke For as it is no small commeÌ„dacion for one to beare the dooings of many so it breedeth great admiration generally to haue all those qualities in one maÌ„ herboured for which particularly diuers are eternized And who so will be addicted to the reading of hystories shall readily finde diuers euentes woorthy to be remembred and sundry sounde examples daily to be followed Vpon which grounde the learned haue not without cause adiudged an hystorie to be the Marrowe of reason the creame of experience the sappe of wysedome the pith of iudgement the library of knowledge the kernell of pollicie the vnfoldresse of treacherie the
betwixte Saint Megrine and Buteuille where he ouercame theÌ„ Here I haue thought good to aduertise y e Readâ—â— that these men of warre whiche I haue generally in this parte of this booke named Brabanders we finde them writteÌ„ in olde copies diuersly as Brebazones Brebanceni and Brebationes the whiche for so muche as I haue found them by the learned translated Brabanders and that the French word somewhat yeeldeth thereto I haue likewise so named them wherein whether I haue erred or not I must submitte mine opinion to the learned and skilful searchers of such poynts of antiquities For to confesse in playne truth myne ignorance or rather vnresolued doubt herein I can not satisfie my selfe with any thing that I haue red wherby to assure my coniecture what to make of them although verily it may be and the likelyhood is great that the Brabanders in those dayes for their trayned skill and vsuall practise in warlike feates wanne themselues a name wherby not only those that were naturally borne in Brabant but such other also which serued amongst them or else vsed the same warlike furniture order trade and discipline which was in vse among them passed in that age vnder the name of Brabanders eyther else must I thinke that by reason of some odde manner habite or other speciall cause some certayne kind of souldiers purchased to themselues the priuiledge of that name so to be called Brabanceni or Brebationes whether ye will as hath chanced to the Lansquenetz and Reisters in our time and likewise to the companioÌ„s Arminaes and Escorchers in the dayes of our forefathers and as in al ages likewise it hath fortuned amongst men of war which if it so chanced to these Brabanceni I know not then what countrymen to make them for as I remember Marchades that was a chiefe leader of such souldiers as were known by y e name as after ye shall heare is reported by some aucthours to be a Prouancois It should seeme also y t they were called by other names as y e Rowtes in Latine Ruptarij which name whether it came of a Frenche word as ye would say some vnruly and headestronge company or of the Teâ—…iche worde Rutters that signifieth a Rider I cannot say But it may suffice for the course of y e historie to vnderstand that they were a kind of hired souldiers in those dayes highely esteemed and no lesse feared in so muche that agaynst them and other ther was an article coÌ„tayned amoÌ„g y e decrees of y e Laterane councell holdeÌ„ at Rome in y e yere .1179 wherby al those wer to be denouÌ„ced accursed whiche did hire maintain and otherwise nourish those Brebationes Aragonois Nauarrois Basques VVi. Paruâ—â— lib. 3. cap. 3. and Coterelles whiche did so muche hurte in the Christian world in those dayes But nowe to returne where we left to Earle Richarde beside the foremeÌ„tioned victory against those Brabanders if we shall so take them Hee vanquished also Hamerike the vicount of Lymoges and William Earle of Angolesme with the vicounts of Ventadore and Cambanays whiche attempted rebellion against him but Earle Richard subdued theÌ„ and tooke them prisoners with dyuers Castels and strong holdes which they had fortified The departure of 〈◊〉 Legate forth of the Realme About the feast of Peter and Paule the Legate departed forthe of the realme of whom we finde that as he graunted to the King some liberties against the priuiledges whiche y e Clergie pretended to haue a right vnto Liberties obteyned for Churchmen so he obteined of the king certain graunts in fauour of them and their order as thus Firste that for no offence crime or transgression any spirituall person shuld be brought before a Temporall Iudge personally excepte for hunting or for some lay fee for y e which some temporall seruice was due to bee yeelded eyther to the King or some other that was chiefe Lorde thereof Secondly that no Archbishoppes See nor Bishoppes See nor any Abbathie should be kept in the Kings handes more than one yeare excepte vppon some euidente cause or necessitie constreyning Thirdly it was graunted that suche as slewe any spirituall person and were of suche offence conuict eyther by euidence or confession before the Iustice of the Realme in presence of the Bishop they should be punished as the Temporall lawe in suche cases required Fourthly y e spirituall men should not be compelled to fight in listes for the triall of any matter or cause whatsoeuer It shuld appeare by Nicholas Triuet Nic. Triuet y t the Archebishop of Canterbury procured the bishops of Winchester Elie and Norwiche three Prelates highely at that present in y e Kings fauour to further these grauntes namely that suche as slew any prieste or spirituall person might haue the lawe for it wher before there was no punishemeÌ„t for a season vsed against such offeÌ„dors but onely excommunication But nowe to leaue priestes we will passe to other matters The yong Kâ—… beginneth new practiâ—â— againste his father In this meane time King Henry y e sonne remaining in Normandie beganne to deuise newe practises howe to remoue his father from the gouernement and to take it to him selfe but one of his seruants named Adam de Chirehedune beyng of his secret Counsell aduertised King Henry the father therof for the whiche his master King Henry the son put him to greate shame and rebuke causing hym to be stripped naked and whipped round about the streetes of the Citie of Poicters Rog. Hoâ—â—â— where hee then was vpon his returne from his brother Erle Richard with whome hee hadde bin to ayde hym against his enimies But the father perceyuing the naughty mind of his sonne not to ceasse from hys wilfull maliciousnesse thoughte to dissemble all things sith he saw no hope of amendment in him but yet to be prouided against his wicked atteÌ„pts hee furnished all his fortresses both in Englande and in Normandy with strong garnisons of men and all necessary munition about whyche time the sea rose on suche height that many men were drowned thereby Also a great Snowe fell this yeare whiche by reason of the hard frost that chaunced therewith continued long withoute wasting away so that fishes both in the sea and fresh water dyed through sharpnesse and vehemencie of that Frost neyther could husbandmen till the ground Ther chaunced also a sore Eclipse of the sonne the sixth Ides of Ianuary The Monastery of Westwood or Lesnos was begun to bee founded by Richard de Lucy Lord chiefe Iustice The same yeare at Wodstocke the King made hys sonne the Lord Geffrey Knight â—…og Houe 1177 Also in the yeare .1177 King Henry helde hys Christmas at Northampton with hys two sons Geffrey and Iohn his other two sonnes the yong King Henry and Richarde Earle of Poictowe were in the parties of beyond the sea as the Kyng in Normandy and the Earle in Gascoigne The Citie of Aques or Aâ—…gues where hee besieged the Citie of
said Erles brother c. But now to returne after that the Earle of Bullongne was expulsed out of Fraunce as before ye haue heard he came ouer vnto K. Iohn and was of him ioyfully receiued hauing three C. lb. of reuenewes in land to him assigned within EnglaÌ„d for y e which he did homage and fealtie vnto him also Shortly after this also died William de Breuse the elder which fledde from the face of K. Iohn out of Irelande into Fraunce and departing this lyfe at Corbell was buried at Paris in the Abey of S. Victor Polidor In y e meane time Pope Innocent after y e returne of his Legates out of England perceyuing y e K. Iohn would not be ordred by him determined with the consent of his Cardinals and other couÌ„sellors also at the instant sute of y e English Bishops other Prelates being ther with him to depriue Kyng Iohn of his kingly estate and so firste assoyled all his subiects and vassals of theyr othes of allegiaÌ„ce made vnto the same King and after depriued him by solomne protestation of his Kingly administration and dignitie and lastly signifieth vnto the French King and other Christian Princes of that his depriuation admonishing them to pursue King Iohn being thus depriued forsaken and condemned as a common enimie to God and his Church Hee ordeyned furthermore that whosoeuer employed goodes or other ayde to vanquish and ouercome that disobedient Prince should remaine assured in peace of the Church as well as those whiche wente to visit the Sepulchre of our Lord not only in their goodes and persons but also in suffrages for sauing of their soules But yet that it might appere to al men that nothing could be more ioyfull vnto his holinesse than to haue K. Iohn to repente his trespasses committed and to aske forgiuenes for the same â—…dulfe sent â—…o Fraunce â—…ractise â—…h the FreÌ„ch â—…or K. Iohn destructioÌ„ hee appointed Pandulph whiche lately before was returned to Rome with a great number of English exiles to goe into Fraunce togither with Stephen the Archbishop of Caunterbury and the other English Bishops giuing him in commandement that repayring vnto the French K. he shoulde communicate with him all that which he had appoynted to be done agaynst K. Iohn and to exhorte the Frenche K. to make war vpon him as a person for his wickednes excommunicate Moreouer this Pandulph was commaunded by the Pope if he saw cause to goe ouer into England and to deliuer vnto K. Iohn suche letters as the Pope had written for his better instruction and to seeke by al meanes possible to draw him from his naughty opinion In the meane time when it was bruted through the Realme of England that the Pope had releassed the people and assoyled them of their oth of fidelitie to the K. and that he was depriued of his gouernement by the Popes sentence by little and little a great number both of Souldiers CitizeÌ„s Burgesses Captaines and CoÌ„nestables of Castels leauing their charges and Bishops with a great multitude of Priests reuolting from him and auoiding his company and presence secretely stale away â—…ath VVest â—…at Paris and gote ouer into Fraunce Notwithstanding that diuers in respect of the Popes curse and other coÌ„siderations them mouing vtterly refused in this maner to obey K. Iohn yet there were many others that did take his parte and maynteyne his quarrell right earnestly â—…e names of 〈◊〉 noble men â—…t continued â—…e vnto king â—…n as his brother William Earle of Salisbury Albericke de Veer Earle of Oxforde Geffrey Fitz Peter Lord chiefe Iustice of England also three Bishops Durham Winchester and Norwich Richarde Marish Lord ChaÌ„cellor Hugh Deuill chiefe forrester William de Wrothing Lord Warden of the portes Roberte Veipount and his brother Yuan Brian de Lisle Geffrey de Lucy Hugh Balliole and his brother Barnard William de Cantlow and his sonne William Foulke de Cantlow Reginalde de Cornehull Sherife of Kent Robert Braybrooke and his son Harry Phillip de Louecotes Iohn de Bassingborne Phillippe March Chatelaine of Nottingham Peter de Maulley Robert de Gangy Gerard de Athie and his Nephewe Ingelrand William Brewer Peter Fitz Hubert Thomas Basset and Foulks de Breant a Norman with many other too long here to reherse who as fautors and counsellers vnto him sought to defende him in all causes notwithstanding the censures of the Churche so cruelly pronounced agaynste hym The same yeare King Iohn held his Christmas at Windsor and in the Lent following 1212 on midlent Sunday beeing at London hee honored the Lorde Alexander sonne and heire to the Kyng of Scottes with y e high order of Knighthoode And as I fynde it mentioned by some writers Bernewell whereas he vnderstoode how there were dyuers in Scotlande that conteinning their naturall Lorde and Kyng by reason of his great age King Iohn wente thither with an army to represse the Rebels and being come thither hee sendeth his men of warre into the inner parts of the Countrey who scouring the coastes tooke Guthred Macwilliam Capitaine of them that moued the sedition whome Kyng Iohn caused to be hanged on a paire of Gallowes This Guthred was discended of the line of the auncient Scottishe Kynges and beeing assisted with the Irishmen and Scottes that fauoured not y e race of the Kyngs that presently raigned wrought theÌ„ muche trouble as his father named Donald hadde done before him sometime secretly vnder hande and sometime agayne by way of open Rebellion Shortly after the Welchmen began to sturre also and rushing foorthe of their owne confynes The Welshmen moue Rebellion Mat. Par. fell vppon their next neigbours within the Englishe marches wasted the countrey and ouerthrew diuers Castels flatte to the grouÌ„d Whervpon the King hauing knowledge therof An. reg 14. assembled a mighty army out of hande and commyng to Nottingham King Iohn hangeth the Welsh pledges he hanged vp the Welsh hostages whiche the last yeare hee had receyued to the number of eight and tweÌ„tie yong striplings and by reason he was now set in a maruellous chafe he roughly proceded against all those whome hee knew not to fauour his cause some he dischargeth of their offices other hee depriueth of their Captayneshippes and other roomes and reuoketh certaine priuiledges and immunities graunted to Monkes Priests and meÌ„ of Religion And now hauing his army redy to haue gone into Wales hee receyued letters the same time both from the K. of Scottes and from his daughter the wife of Leoline Prince of Wales conteyning in effecte the aduertisement of one selfe matter which was to let him vnderstand that if he went forward on his iourney he should eyther through treason bee slayne of his owne Lords or else bee deliuered to be destroyed of his enimies Mat. Paris King Iohn breaketh vp his army The K. iudging no lesse but that the tenor of the letters conteyned a truth brake vp his army and returned
against their willes And the occasion as some think was for that he was no great friende to the Cleargie And yet vndoubtedly his deedes shew he hadde a zeale to ReligioÌ„ as it was then accompted for he fouÌ„ded the Abbey of Beaulean in the new forrest as it were in recompence of certayne Parishe Churches which to enlarge the same forrest he caused to be throwen downe and demolished Hee also buylded the Monasterie of Farendon and the Abbey of Hales in Shropshire Also he repared Godstow where his fathers concubine Rosamond lay enterred Likewise he was no small benefactor to the Minster of Liechfielde in Staffordshire Likewise to the Abbey of Crokesden in the same shire and to the Chappell at Knatesburgh in Yorkshire So that to say what I thinke hee was not so voyde of deuotion towards the Churche as dyuers of his enimies haue reported who of meere purpose conceale all his vertues and hide none of his vices but are plentifull ynough in setting foorthe the same to the vttermost and interprete all hys doyngs and sayings to the worst as may appeare to those that aduisedly reade the workes of them that write the order of hys lyfe Mat. Pâ—… Polidor alii whych may seeme rather an inuectiue than a true history Albeeit syth we cannot come by the trueth of things through the malice of Writers wee must contente oure selues with this vnfrieÌ„dly description of his time Certaynely it shoulde seeme the man hadde a princely heart in him and wanted nothing but faithful subiectes to haue wroken himselfe of such wrongs as were done and offered to him by the French Kyng and others Moreouer the pride and pretenced authoritie of the Cleargie he could not well abide wheÌ„ they went about to wrast out of his hands the prerogatiue of his princely rule and gouernemente True it is that to maynteyne his warres whych he was forced to take in hand as wel in Fraunce as else where he was constreyned to make all the shift hee coulde deuise to recouer money and bycause he pinched at theyr purses they conceyued no small hatred against him which when he perceyued and wanted peraduenture discretion to passe it ouer hee discouered now and then in hys rages hys immoderate displeasure as one not able to bridle his affections a thing very hard in a stout stomacke and thereby he missed nowe and then to compasse that which otherwise he might very well haue broughte to passe 〈◊〉 Paris It is written that he meant to haue become feodarse for maintenaunce sake agaynste hys owne disloyall subiectes and other his aduersaries vnto Miramumeline the great Kyng of the Sarazens but for the trueth of this reporte I haue little to say and therefore I leaue the credite thereof to the Authors It is reported lykewise that in time when the Realme stoode interdited as he was abroade to hunt one day it chaunced that there was a great Stagge or Hart killed whiche when he came to be broken vp prooued to be very fatte and thycke of flesh oh sayth hee what a pleasant lyfe thys Deare hathe ledde and yet in all hys dayes hee neuer hearde Masse To conclude it may seeme that in some respectes hee was not greatly superstitious and yet not voyde of a religious zeale towardes the mayntenaunce of the Cleargie as by his bountifull liberalitie bestowed in buyldyng of Abbeyes and Churches as before yee haue hearde it may partly appeare There lyued in hys dayes many learned men as Geffrey Vinesaufe Simon Fraxinus alias Asch Adamus Dorensis Gualter de Constantijs first Bishop of Lincolne and after Archbyshop of Rouen Iohn de Oxeford Colman surnamed Sapiens Richard Canonicus William Peregrine Ilane Teukesbury Simon Thuruaye who beeing an excellente Philosopher but standing too much in his owne conceyt vppon a suddayne dyd so forget all his knowledge in learning that he became the most ignorant of all other a punishment as was thought appoynted to hym of God for suche blasphemies as he hadde wickedly vttered both against Moises Christ Geruasius Dorobernensis Iohn Hanwill Bale Nigel Woreker Gilbert de Hoyland Benet de Peterburgh William Parbus a Monke of Newburgh Roger Houeden Huberte Walter firste Bishop of Salesbury and after Archbyshoppe of Caunterbury Alexander Theologus of whome ye haue heard before Geruasius Tilberiensis Siluester Giraldus Cambrensis who wrote many treatises Ioseph Deuonius Walter Mapis Radulfus de Diceto Gilbert Legley Mauritius Morganius Walter Morganius Iohn de Fordeham William Leicester Ioceline Brakeland Roger of Crowland Hugh White alias Candidus that wrote an history entituled Historia Petroburgensis Iohn de Saint Omer Adam Barking Iohn Gray an Historiographer and Byshop of Norwich Walter of Couentrie Radulphus Niger c. See Bale Scriptorum Britannia Centuria tertia Henry the thirde By this means it came to passe that his frendes greatly reioyced of these newes and manye of those whyche tyll that tyme hadde ayded the Frenchemen reuolted from them and in hope of pardon and rewarde tourned to king Henry It is reported by writers that amongst other thyngs as there were dyuers whiche withdrewe the hearts of the Englishemen from Lewes the consideration had of the confession which the vicount of Melune made at the houre of his death was the principall The order whereof in the later ende of the lyfe of king Iohn ye haue heard Truly how little good will inwardly Lewes and his Frenchemen bare towardes the Englishe nation it appeared sundry ways And first of all in that they had them in a maner in no regard or estimation at al but rather sought by all meanes to spoyle and keepe them vnder not sufferyng them to beare anye rule nor puttyng them in truste wyth the custodye of suche places as they had brought them in possession of SecoÌ„dly they called them not to councel so often as at the first they vsed to doe neyther dydde they proceede by theyr directions in their businesse as before they were accustomed Thirdly in all maner of theyr conuersation â—…e pride of Frenchmen â—…cureth them â—…ed neyther Lewes nor his Frenchmen vsed them so familiarly as at their first coÌ„ming but as their maner is shewing more loftie couÌ„tenances towardes them they greatly increased the indignation of the Englishe Lordes against them who myght euyll abyde to be so ouer ruled To conclude where greate promises were made at their entring into the lande they were slowe ynough in perfourmyng the same so as the expectation of the English barons was quite made voyde For they perceyued dayly that they were despised and scoffed at for their disloyaltie shewed towardes their owne naturall Prince hearyng nowe and then nyppes and tauntes openly by the Frenchemen that as they had shewed them selues false and vntrustye to theyr owne lawfull Kyng so they woulde not contynue anye long tyme trewe vnto a Straunger Thus all these thyngs layde togyther gaue occasion to the Englyshe Barons to remember themselues and to take iust occasion to reuolte vnto Kyng
of armes and archers a greater number than in Parliamente was firste to hym assigned hee sette from Plimmouth on the daye of the natiuitie of oure Lady They were in all three hundred sayle and finding the winde prosperous they passed ouer into Gascoigne where of the Gascoignes they were ioyfully receyued In August the Englishmen that were in Britaine warring agaynste the Frenchmenne that tooke parte with the Lorde Charles de Bloys slewe many of them and tooke the Lorde of Beaumanor the vicount of Roan and dyuers other This yeare also aboute Michaelmas the King hauing sommoned an army to be ready at Sandwich passed ouer to Caleis with the same There wente ouer with him his two sonnes Lionell of Andwerp Earle of Vlster and Iohn of Gant Earle of Richmont He found at Caleis a thousand men of armes that came to serue hym for wages forthe of Flaunders Brabant and Almaigne so that hee had about three thousand men of armes and two thousand archers on horsebacke beside archers on foote in great number â—…e Citie of â—…don The Citie of London had sente to hym fiue and twentie men of armes and fiue hundred archers all in one sute or liuerti at their owne costes and charges The second of Nouember he set from Caleis marching foorthe towardes Saint Omers wasting the Countrey by the way as he passed The Frenche Kyng beeyng the same tyme within the Towne of Sainte Omers â—…e king inâ—…eth France â—…e lord Bouâ—…t sente the Lord Bousicant vnto the Kyng of Englande that vnder colour of communication hee might viewe the Kyngs power who made such reporte thereof vppon hys returne backe to the Frenche Kyng that he determined not to fighte with the King of Englande but rather to passe before hym and so to destroy vittayles that for wantâ—… thereof the Kyng of Englande shoulde hee constreyned to returne And as he determined so it came to passe for the vittayles were so cutte off that the Englishmenne for three dayes togither dranke nothing but water â—…oissart â—…e Kyng for â—…t of victuâ—… returneth When therefore Kyng Edwarde had followed his enimies so farre as Heyden where hee brake the Parke and brents the houses within and about the Parke although he entred not into the Towne nor Castell at length for defence of vitrayles he returned backe and came agayâ—… to Caleis on Saint Martins day Auesburie being the teÌ„th after his setting foorth from thence The morrow after beeing Thursday and the twelfth of Nouember 〈◊〉 CoÌ„nestable of FraÌ„ce â—…e Conestaâ—… of France â—…mmandeth â—…tayle and other Frenchmenâ—… came to the ende of the caulsey of Caleis with letters of credeneâ—… offering battaile the twesday nexte following vnto the King of Englande in presence of the Duke of Lancaster the Earles of Northampton and the Lord Walter de Manne who in the Kings behalfe declared to the Câ—…nnestable that the King of Englande â—…e answere â—…de to him to eschew shedding of bloud woulde fight with the French King body to body so to â—…ie their right and if he liked not of that matche then if hee woulde choose three or foure Knightes to him that were neerest to hym is bloud hee shoulde choose the like number but when this offer would not be accepted the English Lordes offered battell the next day beeyng Fridaye or else on Saterday following at the Frenchemennes choyce but the Connestable of Fraunce and his company continuing on theyr first oâ—…r refused both those dayes Then the Englishe Lordes accepted the days by â—…hâ—…th assigned with condition that if they be ougthe not King Edwarde to giue that â—…yle that daye they woulde 〈…〉 prisoners so that the Frenchmenne woulde â—…wise vndertake for theyr Kâ—…ng The Contestable 〈◊〉 no aunswere ready stayed a â—…hile and after flatly refused to make any such couenaunt Finally when the English Lordes perceyued there aduersaries not to â—…e battayle as theyr wordes of the first pretended they brake ast and both parties returned home The King of Englande stayed till the twesday and payd the straungers their wages and so came backe into England The sixth of Nouembre whilest the Kyng was thus abroade in Picardy Berwike taken by Scottes the Scottes very earely in the morning of that daye came priuily to Berwike entred by fleâ—… into the towne and sâ—…eaing there or foure Englishmenne tooke it with all the goodes and persons within it those excepted which got to the Castell In a Parliamente summoned this yeare A parliament the Monday after the feast of Saint Edmonde the King the Lords and commons graunted to K. Edward 50. ss of euery sacke of woolle that shuld be carried ouer the sea for the space of sixe yeares next ensuing By this grant it was thoughte y e the K. might dispeÌ„d a M. markes sterling a day such went of woolles had the English merchants in that season The Parliament being ended the K. about S. Andrews tide set forward towards Scotland held his Christmas at new Castell About which time by letters seat froÌ„ y e Prince y e K. was aduertised of his proceedings after hys arriuall in Gascoigne wher being ioyfully receiued of the nobles other y e people of that couÌ„trey as before ye haue heard he declared to them the cause of his thither coÌ„ming tooke aduice with them how to proceede in his businesse and so about y e truth of October he set forward to passe against his enimies first entring into a countrey called Iuliake which to get her with the fortresses The procedinges of the prince of Wales in Aquitayne yeelded whom witholde any great resistaÌ„ce TheÌ„ he rode through y e countrie Armignac wasting spoiling the countrey and so passed through the landes of the vieountes de la Riuiere and after entred into the countie de l Eseraâ—… and passing through y e some came into the countie of Commyges finding the Towne of Saint Matan voyde being a good towne and one of the best in that countrey After this he passed by the lande of the Earle of â—…le till hee came within a league of Tholouse where the Earle of Armignac beeyng the French Kings Lieutenaunt in those parties and other great Lords and nobles were asseÌ„bled The Prince with his army carried there a two dayes and after passed ouer riuer of Garonne after ouer an other riuer thereaboutes a league aboue Tholouse lodging that nighte a league on the other side of Tholon seâ—… and so they passed through Tholouzaine taking daylye Townes and Castels wherein they found great riches for the countrey was very plentifull Vpon Alhallowen euen they came to Castell Naudarie and from thence they tooke the way to Carcasson Carcasson into the whiche a greate number of men of armes and commons were withdrawen But vpon the approch of the Englishmen they slipt away and got them to a strong Castell that stoode neere at hand The thirde daye after the Englishmen brente the Towne and passing foorth
claimed the same office but could not obteine it so that the saide sir Iohn Dimmocke hauyng armed himself and being mounted on horseback came to the Abbey gates with two riding before him the one carrying his speare and the other his shield staying there til Masse should be ended but the Lord Henry Percy L. Marshall appoynted to make way before the K. with the Duke of LaÌ„caster L. Stewarde the L. Thomas of Woodstocke L. Constable and the Lorde Marshals brother sir Thomas Percy beeing all mounted on great horses came to the knight and told him that he ought not come at that time but wheÌ„ the K. was at dinner and therefore it should be good for him to vnarme himselfe for a while and take his ease till the appointed time were come The knight did as the Lord Marshall willed him 〈◊〉 so after his departure the K. hauing those Lâ—… riding afore him was borne on knightes shoulders vnto his palace and so had to his chamber where he rested a while beeing somewhat fayâ—… with trauell and toke a small refectioÌ„ After this Foâ—… Iâ—… coâ—… coÌ„ming into the halle he created four new Erles before he sate downe to meate to witte his vncle the L. Thomas de Wodstocke Earle of Buckingham to whom he gaue a thousand markes a yere out of his treasure til he prouided him of laÌ„ds to the like value the Lorde Guischard de Englesme that had bin his tutor was created Eâ—…le of Huntington to whome hee gaue likewise a thousand markes annuitie till he were prouided of lands of the same valewe The Lorde Mâ—…bray was created Earle of Nottingham and the L. Henry Percy Earle of Northumberland He made also nine knightes the same day To shewe what royall seruice was at this feast it passeth our vnderstanding to discriue but to conclude y e fare was exceeding sumptuous and the furniture princely in all things that if the same shoulde bee rehearsed the reader would perhappes doubt of y e trueth thereof In the middes of the Kinges pâ—…lace was a marble piller reysed hollowe vppon steppes on the toppe whereof was a greate gifte Egle placed vnder whose feete in the Chapiter of the piller diuers kindes of wine came gushing forth at four seuerall places all the day long neither was any forbidden to receiue the same were he neuer so poore or abiect The morrow after the Coronation there was a generall procession of y e Archb. Bishop and Abbots then present with y e lords and a great multitude of people to pray 〈◊〉 the K. and the peace of the kingdome At the going forth of which procession the Bishop of Rochester preached exhorting them that the â—…tions and discords which had long continued betwixt the people and their superiours â—…gâ—… bee appeased and forgotten prouing by many arguments that the same highly displease 〈◊〉 hee admonished the Lords not to be so extreame and hard towards the people On the other 〈◊〉 hee exhorted the people in necessary caused for y e â—…yde of the K. and Realme cheerfully they without gâ—…udging to put too their helping 〈…〉 according to their bounden duetice he fiâ—…he exhorted those in generall that were appointed to be about the King that they should forsake vice and â—…udy to liue in cleannesse of life and vertue Fâ—… by their example the K. were trayned to goâ—…sse all should be well but if he declined through their sufferance from the right way the people kyngdome were like to fallen daunger to perishe After that the sermon and procession â—…ere ended the Lords and Prelates went to their lodgingâ—… but now bycause the Englishmen should haue theyr ioyes mingled with some sorrowes it chaunced that the Frenchmen whiche about the same time that the kings grandfather departed this life wer wafting on the Seas within a sixe or seauen dayes after his decesse Froissort â—…ye brent by â—…e FrenchmeÌ„ brent the Towne of Rye wherevpon immediately after the Coronation the Earles of Cambridge Buckingham were sent with a power vnto Douer and the Earle of Salisbury vnto SouthhamptoÌ„ but in the meane time to wit the .21 of August the FrenchmeÌ„ entring the I le of Wight brente diuers townes in the same Tho. VVals The Frenchemen spoyle â—…he Isle of Wyght â—…ye Hughe Tyrrell and although they were repulsed from the Castell by the valiante manhood of sir Hugh Tirrell Captaine thereof who laid no small nuÌ„ber of them on the ground yet they constreyned y e men of the I le to giue them a thousand markes of siluer to saue the residue of their houses goods and so they departed from thence sayling still alongst the costes and where they sawe aduauntage set a lande brenning sundry townes neere to the shore Froissart Tho. VVals â—…rtmouth â—…mouth â—…ymmouth â—…ence by the Frenche as Portesmouth Dartmouth and Plimmouth they made countenance also to haue set vppon Southhampton if sir Iohn Arundell brother to the Earle of Arundell had not bin ready there with a number of men of armes archers by whom the towne was defended and the enimies chased to their Shippes From thence y e Frenchmen departed and sayling towards Douer â—…tings breÌ„t brent Hastings but Winchelsey they could not winne being valiantly defended by the Abbot of Batell and others After this they landed one day not farre from the Abbey of Lewes at a place called Rottington An ouerthrow â—…iuen by the French to the â—…nglishmen where the Prior of Lewes and two Knightes the one named Sir Thomas Cheynye and the other Sir Iohn Fallesley hauing assembled a number of y e countrey people encountred the frenchmen but were ouerthrowen so that there were slayne about an hundred Englishmenne and the Prior with the two knightes and an Esquier called Iohn Brokas were taken prisoners but yet the Frenchmen lost a greate number of their owne men at thys conflict and so with theyr prisoners retired to their Shippes and galleys and after returned into Fraunce â—…lidore But now touching the doings about the new King You shal vnderstand that by reason of his yong yeres as yet hee was not able to gouerne himselfe The duke of Lancaster and 〈◊〉 Earle of Cambridge appointed pro â—…rs and therefore Iohn Duke of Lancaster and Edmond Earle of Cambridge with other peeres of the Realme were appointed to haue the administratioÌ„ He was of good disposition and towardnesse but his age being redy to encline which way soeuer a maÌ„ shuld beÌ„d it those that were appointed to haue the gouernemente of his person did what lay in them now at the first to keepe him from all maner of lighte demeanor But afterwards when euery one began to study more for his owne priuate commoditie than for the aduauncement of the common wealthe they set open the gates to other which being ready to corrupt his good nature by little and little grewe familiar with him and dimming the brightnesse of true honor with the counterfeite shine of the
King of Castille The next way 〈◊〉 extinguish â—…ight This talke liked well the eares of the coÌ„mon vplaÌ„dish people by the lesse coÌ„ueying the more they purposed to burne and destroy all Recordes euidences Courtrolles other minuments that the remeÌ„brance of auncient matters being remoued out of mind their Landlords might not haue wherby to chaleÌ„ge any right at their haÌ„ds Their number stil encreased for all such as were in debt or danger of law for their misdemeaners and offences came out of all coastes vnto them so that when the Essex men and other of the hither side the Thames were passed ouer and ioyned wyth the KentishmeÌ„ An huge number of the rebls and those that were assembled on that side the riuer vpon Blackheath they were esteemed to be an hundred thousande Fabian Captaines of the Essex and Kentish rebels hauing dyuerse captaines besides the sayde Iacke Strawe as William Wraw Wat Tyler Iack Sheephearde Thom Miller and Hob Carter Whylest they were lodged on Blackheath the king sent to them certaine knightes to vnderstande of them the cause of their gathering thus togither to whom answere was made that they were come togither to speake with the king about certaine causes and businesse The rebels send to the k. to come speake with them and therefore they had the Messengers returne and declare to the king that there was no remedie but that hee muste needes come and speake with them When this tale was told to the king there were some that thought it best that he should go to them Il counsayle and know what their meaning was but SimoÌ„ de Sudburie the Archbishop of Cant. that was L. Chancellor and also sir Robert Hales Lord of S. Iohns as then L. Treaforer spake earnestly agaynst that aduise and woulde not by any meanes that the king shuld go to such a sort of barelegged ribalds but rather they wished that he shoulde take some order to abate the pride of such vile rascals After that the commons vnderstoode that the king would not come to them by reason of the contrarie aduice giuen to him by those two persons the L. Chancellor and the L. Treasorer they were maruelously moued against theÌ„ and sware that they woulde not rest till they had got theÌ„ chopped off their heades calling theÌ„ traitors to the king realme There be that write neuerthelesse that the king to cut off the branches of such mischief now in the first budding therof to satisfie in part the desire of those rude people Froissart went downe the riuer in his Barge to Rethereth and there neare the shore keeping himselfe stil on the water talked with a great number of them that came downe to the riuer side But forsomuch as he would not come forth of his barge to them on land which they seemed most to desire they were in a great rage so for that they coulde not haue him amongest them as they wyshed in furious wise they runne to the Citie and at the fyrst approch The rebels spoyle Southwarke and set al prisoners at large they spoyle the Bourough of Southwark breake vppe the prysons of the Marshalsea and the Kings Bench set the prisoners at liberty and admitte them into their companie This was on Corpus Christi day as the same Authours write that the King should thus talke with them but their firste entring into Southwarke was on Corpus Christi euen as Thomas Walsingham hath passing at theyr pleasure to and fro ouer the bridge all that night for although the Lorde Maior and other of the best Citizens woulde gladly haue closed the gaâ—… agaynst them yet they durst not doe it The coâ—… of London â—…ers of the â—…belles for â—…eare of the Commons of the Citie that seemed to fauour the cause of the rebels so apparauntly that they threatned to kill both the Lorde Maior and all other that woulde take vpon them to shut the gates against the coÌ„mons The Londoners lyked better of the commons All rebels 〈…〉 but iâ—… purpose distruction haâ—… of K. 〈…〉 for that they protested the cause of their assembling togither was not but to seeke out the traytors of the realme and when they had founde them forth and punished them according to that they had deserued they ment to be quiet And to giue the more credite to their sayings they suffred none of their compaâ—… to rob or spoile but caused them to pay for thâ—… they toke On the morow being Corpus Christi day on the which day it is reported that the king should talke with them at Rethereth as before ye haue heard after that they sawe that they coulde not haue him to come and talke with theÌ„ on land as they wished and that now they had filled their heades full with the fume of such Wines as they dranke in euerie mans Seller that was set apeâ—… for them enter who would they fel in talke with the Londoners of many lewde deuises as of the apprehending of traytors and specially concerning such mislyking as they had of the Duke of Lancaster whom they hated aboue all other persons And herevpon agreeing in one minde after diuerse other of their outragious doings they run the same day to the sayd dukes house of the Sauoy The Sauoyâ—… Duke of Lancaster house brent by the Rebels to the whiche in beautie and statelinesse of buylding with all maner of princely furniture there was not any other in the realme comparable which in despite of the Duke whoÌ„ they called traytour they set on fire and by all wayes and meanes endeuoured vtterly to destroy it The shamefull spoyle which they there made was woÌ„derful yet the zeale of iustice truth and vpright dealing whiche they woulde seeme to shewe was as nice and straunge on the other parte specially in suche kinde of misgouerned people for in that spoyling of the Dukes house all the Iewels Plate and other riche and sumptuous furniture which they there found in great plentie they would not that any man should fare the better by it of a mite but threw al into y e fire Straâ—… dealing of the rebels so to be coÌ„sumed such things as y e fire could not altogither destroy as plate iewels they brake punned in pieces throwing the same into the Thames One of them hauing thrust a fayre siluer peece into his bosome meaning to conuey it away was espied of his fellowes who toke him and cast both him and the peece into the fire saying they might not suffer any such thing The iustice of the rebels sâ—…he they professed themselues to bee zealous of truth and iustice and not theeues nor robbers There were .xxxij. of them that being gotten into the Seller of the Sauoy where the Dukes Wines lay dranke so muche of such sweete wine as they founde there that they were not able to come forth but with stones and woodde that fell downe as the house burned
apparell other things as the englishmen had left for they took nothing but gold siluer iewels riche aparell and costly armour but the ploughmeÌ„ peasaÌ„ts lefte nothing behinde neither shirt noâ—… 〈◊〉 so that the bodies lay stark naked till 〈…〉 day on the whiche day diuers of the noble 〈◊〉 were conueied into their countries 〈…〉 mainaunte were by Phillip Earle Charâ—… 〈◊〉 sore lamenting the chaunce moued with â—…ty at his coste and chardge buried in a 〈◊〉 plot of grounde of .xv. C. yardes in the 〈◊〉 he caused to be made .iij. pittes wherein 〈◊〉 buried by accompte .v. M. and viii C. 〈◊〉 beside theÌ„ that were caried away by their 〈◊〉 and seruants and other which being 〈◊〉 died in hospitaries and other places 〈…〉 dolorous iourney and pitifull slaughter 〈◊〉 clerks of Paris made many lamentable 〈◊〉 complaining that the king reigned by will 〈◊〉 that counsellors were parciall affirâ—… 〈◊〉 noble men fled agaynst nature and that the â—…mons were destroied by their prediâ—… declaring also that the Clergie were 〈…〉 durste not saye the truthe and that the 〈◊〉 commons duly obeied and yet euâ—… 〈◊〉 â—…nishemeÌ„t for which cause by deuine 〈◊〉 on the lesse nuÌ„ber vanquished the greter â—…fore they concluded that al things went out of order and yet was there no man that 〈◊〉 to bring the vnruly to frame it was no 〈◊〉 thoughe this battaile was lamentable 〈◊〉 french nation for in it were taken and 〈…〉 flower of al the Nobilitie of Fraunce Noble and 〈◊〉 â—…wer taken prisoners Charles duke of 〈◊〉 nephew to the freÌ„ch K. Io. duke of Boâ—… the Lorde Bouciqualt one of the marshals of FrauÌ„ce which died in England wyth a mâ—…der of other lords knightes and esquieâ—… 〈…〉 leaste .xv C. beside the common people The 〈…〉 on the frenche 〈◊〉 Engliâ—… slains There were slaine in al of the frenche parte to the â—…ber of .x. M. men where of were Princes and noble men bearing baners Exxvj. of 〈◊〉 esquiers gentlemen in the whole were 〈◊〉 viij M.iiij C. of the whiche .v. C. were â—…bed knights the night before the battail 〈◊〉 of other the meaner sorte there died not 〈◊〉 xvj C. Amongest those of the Nobilitie that were slain these were the chiefest Charles lord de la Breth high constable of Fraunce Iâ—… of ChatiloÌ„ L. of DaÌ„pierre Admiral of France the L. Rambures master of the crosbowes de Guischard Dolphin greate master of Fraâ—… Io. duke of Alanson Anthony duke of Bâ—…baÌ„t brother to the duke of BurgoiÌ„ne Edward duke of Bar the erle of Neuers another â—…ther to the duke of Burgoine with the 〈◊〉 of Marle Vaudemont Beaumont Graâ—… Roussi Fanconberg Fois and Lesâ—…rake beside a greate number of Lords and Barons of name Of englishmeÌ„ there died at this battayâ—… Edward duke of Yorke the earle of Suffolke Sir Richard Kikeley Englishmen â—…yne and Dauy Gaâ—…e Esquier and of all other not aboue .xxv. persons if you will credite such as write miracles but other Writers of greater credite affirme that there were slaine aboue fiue or sixe C. persons Titus Liuius sayeth that there were slaine of Englishmen beside the Duke of Yorke and the Erle of Suffolke an C. persons at the first encounter Titus Liuius the Duke of Gloucester the kings brother was sore wouÌ„ded about the hippes borne downe to the ground so that he fel backwards with his feete towards his enimies whome the K. bestriâ—â—â— and like a brother valiantly rescued him from his enimies and so sauing his life caused him to be conueyed out of the fight into a place of more safetie Hall After that the K. of England had refressed him selfe and his people at Calais and that such prisoners as he had left at Harflew as yee haue heard were come to Calais vnto him the sixth daye of NoueÌ„ber he with all his prisoners tooke shipping the same day laÌ„ded at Douer hauing with him the dead bodies of the Duke of Yorke of the Earle of Suffolke caused y e Duke to be buried at his colledge of Fodringhey the Earle at new Elme In this passage the Seas were so rough troublous that two ships belonging to sir Iohn Cornewall Lorde Fanhope were driuen into Zeland howbeit nothing was lost nor any person perished The Maior of London and y e Aldermen apparelled in oryent grained scarlet and four C. commoners clad in beautifull murrey well mounted and trimly horsed with rich collers and greate rhaines met the K. on black heath reioicing at his returne And the Clergie of London with rich Crosses sumptuous copes and massie censers receiued him at S. Thomas of Waterings Titus Liuius with solemne procession The K. like a graue and sober personage and as one remembring from whome al victories are sent seemed little to regard suche vaine pompe shewes as were in triumphaÌ„t sort deuised for his welcomming home from so prosperous a iourney The great modâ—…e of the K. in so much that he would not suffer his helmet to be caried with him and shewed to the people that they might behold the dintes and cuttes whiche appeared in y e same of such blowes and stripes as hee receiued the daye of the battell neyther woulde he suffer any dities to be made song by minstrels of his glorious victorie for that he would whollie haue the praise and thankes altogither giuen to God The newes of thys bloudy battell being reported to the French K. as then soiourning at Roan filled the Courte full of sorrowe but to remedie suche danger as was like to ensue it was decreed by counsel to ordeine newe officers in places of theÌ„ that were slaine and firste hee elected his chiefe officer for the warres called the Connestable the Earle of Arminacke a wise and politike Captaine and an â—…tiâ—…te enimie to the Englishmen Sir Iohn de Corsey was made master of the crossebowes Shortly after other for melancholy that he had for the losse at Agiâ—…court or by some â—…odayne disease Lewes Dolphin of Vlennoyes The death of the Dolphin of France heiâ—… apparant to the Frenche King departed this life without issue which happened well for Robynâ—… of Bouenâ—… and his fellowes as yee haue hearde before for his death was theyr life and his life would haue bin their death After that the French King had created new officers 1416 in hope to relieue the state of his realme and countrey sore â—…aken by the late greate ouerthrowe it chanced that Thomas Duke of Exeter Captaine of Harflewe accompanyed with three thousand EnglishmeÌ„ made a great roade into Normandie almost to the Citie of Roan in whiche iourney he got greate abundance both of riches and prisoners but in hys returne the Earle of Arminacke newly made Connestable of France intending in his fyrste enterprice to winne his spurres hauing with him aboue fiue thousand horsemen A sore conflicte encountred with the Duke the fight was handled on both partes very hotely but bycause the
come to the walles in greate danger On that side of the town was a little Bouleueâ—…t whiche Syr Nicholas Burdet kept Sir Nicholas 〈◊〉 hauing with hym a .lx. or .lxxx. fighting men and ouer against the same Bouluert there was a gate well furnished also wyth Englishe souldiors so that the Bretons which came downe into the ditches in greate number to giue the assault heard on either side them the Englishemen within the saide Bouluert and gate make a great noise in crying Salisbury and Suffolke with the which cry the Bretons being maruellously astonied began to reculle in greate disorder And therewith the said sir Nicholas Bourdet issued foorth vppon them Enguerant de Monfâ—…rellet and pursuing them ryghte valiantly slewe them downe wythout fynding any greate defence so that there died of them what by the sworde and what by drowning in the saide poole aboute a vij or .viij. C. and to the number of .l. were taken prisoners And beside this those englishmen gained an .xviij. slanderâ—…s and one baner Incontinently the newes hereof were reported to the constable of France who was busy at the assault on the other side of the towne whereof he was sore displeased and no lesse amazed so that hee caused the retreit to bee sounded for all the siege on that side towarde the poole was already raysed After this vpon counsell taken amongst the frenchmen it was determined that they shoulde dislodge And so aboute the middest of the nexte night the Constable and al the residue of his people departed towarde Fougieres leauing behind them greate plentie of Artillerie bothe greate and small with victualles and all their other prouisions as .xiiij. greate gunnes and .xl. barells of pouder .iij. C. pypes of wine .ij. C. pipes of disket and flower .ij. C. frailes of figs and reasyns and .v. C. barelles of herring Somewhat before this season fell a great deuision in the realm of England which of a sparell was like to haue growen so a great â—…e For whether the Bishop of Winchester called Henry Beaufort Discention betvvixt the duke of Gloucester and the Byshop of VVinchester sonne to Iohn duke of Lancaster by his thirde wife enuied the authoritie of Humfrey duke of Gloucester protector of the Realme or whether the Duke disdained at the riches and pompous estate of the Bishop sure it is that the whole Realme was troubled with them and their partners so that the citizens of London were faine to keepe daily and nightly watches and to shut vp their shops for feare of that which was doubted to haue ensued of their assembling of people and 〈◊〉 them The archebishoppe of Canterbury and the Duke of Quimbre called the prince of Poâ—…tingaâ—… rode eight times in one daye betweene the two parties and to the maâ—…e was staied for a time But the Byshoppe of Winchester to cleare himselfe of blame so farrre as bee myght and to chardge hys nephew the Lorde protect our with all the fault wrote a letter to the Regent of Fraunce the tenor whereof ensueth RIght high and mightie Prince my right noble after one lieuest lorde I recoÌ„mende me vnto you with all my hart And as you desire the welfare of the king our soueraigne lord and of his realmes of Englande and Fraunce your owne healthe and ours also so haste you hither For by my truthe if you tarrie we shall put this lande in aduenture with a fielde suche a brother you haue here God make him a good man For youre wisedome knoweth that the profit of FraÌ„ce standeth in the welfare of England c Written in great hast on Allhallown euen By your true seruaunt to my liues end Henry Winchester The duke of Bedford being sore greeued and vnquieted with these newes constituted the erle of Warwicke whyche was lately come into Fraunce with .vj. M. men hys lieutenaunt in the Frenche dominions and in the Duchie of Normandie and so with a small companie he with the Duchesse his wife returned againe ouer the seas into Englande and the .x. daye of Ianuary he was with all solemnitie receyued into London to whome the Cityzens gaue a paire of Basins of Syluer and gylte and a thousand markes in money And from LondoÌ„ hee roade to Westminster and was lodged in the Kings pallace The .xxv. day of Marche after his comming to London A parliament holden at Leicester a Parliament beganne at the towne of Leicester where the duke of Bedforde openly rebuked the lordes in generall bicause that they in the time of warre through their priuie malice and inward grudge hadde almoste moued the people to warre and commotion in whiche time all men oughte or shoulde be of one mind harte and consent requiring them to defende serue and dreade their soueraigne Lord Kyng Henry in performing his conquest in Fraunce whiche was in manner brought to conclusion In this parliament the Duke of Gloucester laide certaine articles to the bishop of Winchesters chardge the whiche with the aunswers hereafter doe ensue The Articles of accusation and accorde betweene the lorde of Gloucester and the lorde of VVinchester Articles sette forthe by the Duke of Gloucester againste Henrye Bishop of VVinchester HEre ensueth the Articles as the Kynges counsaile hathe conceyued the whiche the high and mighty prince my Lord of Gloucester hathe surmised vpon my Lorde of Winchester Chauncellour of Englande with the answere to the same Fyrst wheras he being protectour and defendour of this land desired the Tower to bee opened to him and to lodge him therein Richarde Wooduile Esquier hauing at that time the chardge of the keping of the Tower refused his desire kept the same Tower againste hym vnduely and againste reason by the commaundement of my sayd lorde of Winchester and afterwarde in aprouing of the said refuse hee receiued the sayd Wooduile and cherished hym against the state and worship of the kyng and of my saide Lorde of Gloucester 2 Item my said lord of Winchester without the aduise and assent of my saide Lorde of Gloucester or of the Kings counsaile purposed and disposed hym to set hand on the Kings persone to haue remoued him from Eitham the place that hee was in to Windsore to the intent to put him in gouernaunce as him liste 3 Item that where my said Lord of Gloucester to whome of all persones that shoulde be in the lande by the way of nature and birth it belongeth to see the gouernance of the kings person informed of the saide vndue purpose of my said L. of Winchester declared in the article next abouesaid and in letting therof determining to haue gone to Eitham vnto the king to haue prouided as the cause required My said Lorde of Winchester vntruely and against the kings peace to the intent to trouble my saide Lorde of Gloucester going to the king purposing his deathe in case that hee hadde gone that way set men of armes and archers at the ende of London Bridge nexte Southwarke and in forbarring
that diuers times to abstaine hym from comming to Westminster as my said L. of Winchester declared vnto my said lorde of Gloucester 6 Item that in y t time of y e said parliament diuers persons of low estate of the citie of Lōdon in great number assēbled on a day vpon y e Wharfe at the Crane of the Vintrie wished desired that they had there y e person of my L. of Winchester saying that they would haue throwen him into the Thames to haue taught him to swimme with wings Wherof billes language of slaūder and threatnings were cast and spoken in the said citie by my saide L. the Chauncellor which caused him to suppose that they that so said and did willed and desired his destruction although they had no cause 7 Item that after y e cōming to Lōdon of sir Rafe Botiller maister Lewes sēt frō my L. of Bedford to y e rest of y e lords of the counsell they being informed that my said L. of Gloucester did beare displeasure to my saide lorde of Winchester they came to the said L. of Gloucester to his Inne y t secōd Sonday next before Alha◅onday ther opened vnto him y t they had knowledge and vnderstāding of y e said displesure praying him to let them knowe if hee bare such displeasure against my saide L. of Winchester and also the causes therof At the which time as my said L. of Winchester was afterwards informed my said Lorde of Gloucester affirmed that he was heauy towarde hym and not without causes that peraduenture he wold put in writing 8 Item that after the Monday nexte before Allhallon day laste paste in the nyght the people of the said citie of Londō by the cōmaundement of my said lorde of Gloucester as it was said For what cause my lord the Chauncelor wis◅e not assembled in the citie armed arraied and so continued all the night Amongst diuers of the which the same night by what excitation my said L. the Chauncellor wist not seditious heauy language was vsed and in especiall against y e persō of my said L the Chancellor And so y e same Monday at night my said lord of Gloucester sent vnto y e Innes of Court at London charging thē of the Courte dwelling in the same to be with him vpon the morrowe at eighte of the clocke in their best array 9. Item that on the morrowe being ◅uisdaie next folowing early my said L. of Gloucester sent vnto the Maior and Alde◅ of the said citie of London to ordaine hym to the nūber of .iij C. persons on horse backe to accompany hym to such place as hee disposed hym to ride whiche as it was said was vnto the king to the intēt to haue his person to remoue him from the place that he was in without assent or aduise of the Kings counsell the whiche thing was thought vnto my said lord the Chauncellor that hee ought in no wise to haue done nor had not bin sene so before 10 Item that my said Lord the Chancellor considering the things abouesaid and do◅ing therfore of perills that might haue ensued therof intending to puruey theragainst namely for his owne surety and defence according to y e lawe of nature ordeined to let that no force of people shuld come on the bridge of Lōdon towards him by the whiche he or his might haue bin endaungered or noyed not intending in any wise bodily harme vnto my saide Lorde of Gloucester nor to any other person but only his owne defēce in eschuing y e perill aboue said 11 Item as toward the fourthe fifte of the said articles my L. the Chauncellor auswereth that he was euer true to all those that were his soueraigne lords and raigned vpon him and y t he neuer purposed treason or vntruthe againste any of their persons and in especiall against the person of our said soueraigne Lord Henry the fift The whiche considering the great wisdom truthe manhoode that all men knewe in hym hee woulde not for the time that he was kyng haue set on my said lord the Chaūcelor so greate trust as he did if he had foūd or thought in him such vntruthe The which thing my said lord y e Chaūcellor offered to declare shewe as it belongeth to a man of his estate to doe requiring therevpon my lord of Bedford and all y e lords spirituall and temporall in this parliament that it might be seene that there were Iudges conuenient in this case that they woulde doe hym ryght or else that hee might haue leaue of the king by their aduise to goe ◅ue his right before him that ought to be his Iudge And as toward the letter sent by my lord of Winchester vnto my lorde of Bedforde of the which the tenor is before rehersed of the which my Lorde of Gloucester complained him of the malicious and vntrue purpose of my said lorde of Winchester as toward the assembling of the people and gathering of a fielde in the Kinges land in troubling thereof and against the kings peace my said lorde of Winchester answereth that it his said letters duely vnderstande and in such wise as he vnderstood ment in the writing of them it may not reasonably he gathered and takē y t my said lord of Winchest◅ entended to gather any field or assemble people in troubling of the kings land against y e kings peace but rather purposed to acquite him to the K. in his truth to kepe the rest and peace in the kings land to eschue rebelliō disobediēce all trouble For by that that in the beginning of the sayde letter he calleth my sayd Lord of Bedford his lieuest Lord after one that is the king whom he ought to accept of dutie of his truth the which he hath euer kept and will keepe 13 Moreouer in the said letter he desireth y e cōming home of my L. of Bed for y t welfare of the K. of his realms of Engl. of France whiche stāde principally in keping of his rest peace praieth my said L. of Bedf. to speed his cōming into Engl. in eschuing of ieopardie of the land of a field which he dread him might haue folowed if he had lōg taried As toward those wordes and ye tarie we shal put this land in aduenture w t a field such a brother ye haue here c. My said L. of Winchester saith the sooth is before or he wrote y e said letter by the occasion of certaine ordināces made by y e Maior Aldermen of Lōdon against the excessiue taking of masons Carpenters tylers plasterers and other laborers for their dayly iorneys and approued by the kynges deuice counsel there were cast many heuinesses seditious billes vnder the names of such labourers threming rising with many thousands and menacing of estates of the land and likewise seditions and euil language sowen so cōtinued likely to haue ensued of purpose
afterwardes for hee neuer intended more to moue hir in that matter in which she thought that he and al other also saue hirselfe lacked eyther wit or truth Wit if they were so bull that they coulde nothing perceyue what the Protector intended truth if they should procure hee sonne to be deliuered into hys handes in whom they shoulde perceyue towarde the childe any euill intended The Queene with these wordes stood a good while in a greate studie And forasmuche as hir seemed the Cardinall more readie to depart than some of the remnant and the Protector himselfe readie at hande so that shee verily thought shee coulde not keepe him there but that he should incontinent bee taken thence and to conuey hym else where neyther had she time to serue hir nor place determined nor persoÌ„s appointed al things vnredie this message came on hir so sodainly nothing lesse looking for than to haue him set out of Sancturie which she thought to be now beset in such places about that he could not be conueyed out vntaken and partly as shee thought it myght fortune hir feare to bee false so well she wysse it was eyther needlesse or bootlesse wherefore if she should needes go from him she deemed it best to deliuer him And ouer that of the Cardinalles fayth shee nothing doubted nor of some other Lordes neyther whom she there sawe Whiche as she feared least they might be deceyued so was she well assured they woulde not bee corrupted then thought shee it shoulde yet make them the more warely to looke to him and the more circumspectly to see to his surety if she with hir own handes betooke him to them of trust And at the last she tooke the yong duke by the hande sayde vnto the Lordes My Lordes quoth shee and all my Lordes I neyther am so vnwyse to mystruste youre wyttes nor so suspitious to mystrust your truthes Of which thing I purpose to make you suche a proofe as if eyther of both lacked in you myghte turne bothe mee to greate sorowe the Realme to muche harme and you to great reproch For we heere is quoth she thys Gentleman whome I doubt not but I coulde heere keepe safe if I woulde whatsoeuer anye man saye and I doubte not also but there bee some abrode so deadly enimies vnto my bloud that if they wyst where any of it laye in theyr owne bodie they would let it out Wee haue also experience that the desire of a kingdom knoweth no kindred The brother hath beene the brothers bane and may the nephewes be sure of theyr vncle Eche of these children is the others defence while they be asunder and eche of theyr liues lieth in the others bodie Keepe one safe and both be sure and nothing for them both more perillous than to be both in one place For what wise Marchant aduentureth all his goodes in one ship All this notwithstanding here I deliuer him and his brother in him to keepe into youre handes of whom I shall aske theÌ„ both afore god and the world Faythfull ye be that wore I well and I know well you be wise Power strength to kepe him if you list neither lack ye of your self nor can lacke helpe in this cause And if ye cannot else where then may you leaue him here But only one thing I beseech you for the trust which his father put in you euer for y e trust that I put in you nowe that as farre as yee thinke that I feare too muche be you well ware that you feare not as farre too little And therewithall she sayde vnto the childe fare well mine owne sweete son God send you good keeping let me kisse you yet once ere you goe for God knoweth when wee shall kisse togither agayne And therwith she kissed him and blessed him turned hir backe wept and went hir way leauing the childe weeping as faste When the Lorde Cardinall and these other Lordes with him had receyued this yong duke they brought him into the starre Chamber where the Protector tooke him in his armes and kissed him O dissimulation with these wordes now welcome my Lord euen with all my very heart And he sayd in that of likelyhoode as he thought Therevpon forthwith they brought him vnto the king his brother into the Bishoppes Palace at Poules and from thence throughe the Citie honourably into the Tower out of the which after that day they neuer came abrode This that is heere betwene this marke * and tâ—…s marke * was not written by him in english bâ—…t is translated out of this History which he wrot in Latten When the Protector had both the children in his handes he opened himselfe more boldely both to certaine other men and also chiefly to the duke of Buckingham Although I knowe that many thought that this duke was priuy to al the Protectors counsaile euen from the beginning and some of the Protectors friends sayde that the duke was the first mouer of the Protector to this matter sending a priuie messenger vnto hym streight after king Edwards death But other againe which knew better the subtil wit of the protector denie that he euer opened his enterprise to the duke vntill he had brought to passe the things before rehearsed But when hee had imprysoned the Queenes kinsfolkes and gotten both hir sonnes into his owne handes then he opened the rest of his purpose with lesse feare to them whoÌ„ he thought meet for the matter and specially to the duke who being woon to his purpose he thought his strength more than halfe 〈◊〉 The matter was broken vnto the duke 〈…〉 till folkes and such as were their craftmaistâ—… in the handling of such wicked deuises 〈◊〉 who declared vnto him that the yong king was 〈◊〉 with him for hys kinsfolkes sake and if hee 〈◊〉 euer able he would â—…nge them Who wâ—…t pricke him forwarde therevnto if they 〈◊〉 they would remember their imprisonmeÌ„t or 〈◊〉 if they were put to death without doubt the yong king woulde bee carefull for their deathes whose imprisonment was grieuous vnto him And that with repenting the duke shoulde nothing auaile for there was no way left to redeeme his offence by benefites but he shoulde sooner destroy hymselfe than saue the king who with his brother and his kinsfolkes he sawe in such places imprisones as the Protectour myghte wyth a backe destroye them all and that it were no doubt but he would doe it in deede if there were any newe enterprise attempted And that it was likely that as the Protectour had prouided priuie garde for himselfe so hadde hee spyalles for the Duke and traynes to catche him if hee shoulde be agaynste hym and that peraduenture from them whome hee leaste suspected For the state of things and the dispositions of men were then such that a man coulde not well tell whom he might trust or whome he might feare These things and such like beyng beaten into the Dukes mynde brought him to that
no such myschaunce is towarde yet hath it beene of an olde ryte and custome obserued as a token oftentymes notably foregoyng some great misfortune Nowe this that followeth was no warning but an enuious skorne The same morning ere hee was vp came a knight vnto him as it were of courtesie to accompanie him to the Councell but of truth sent by the Protectour to hast him thitherwards with whom he was of secret confederacie in that purpose a meane man at that time and nowe of great authoritie This knight when it happed the Lord ChaÌ„berlayne by the way to stay his horse and commane a while wyth a Priest whome he mette in the Tower streete brake his tale and sayde merily to him what my Lord I pray you come on whereto talke you so long wyth that Priest you haue no neede of a Priest yet and therewyth hee laughed vpon him as though he would say ye shall haue soone But so little wyst the tother what he ment and so little mistrusted that he was neuer meryâ—…r nor neuer so â—…ll of good hope in his lyfe which selfe thing is 〈◊〉 a signe of chaunge But I shall rather set anye thing passe me than the vaine suretie of mannes minde so neare his death Vpon the verie Tower Wharfe so neare the place where his head was off soone after there met he with one Hastings a Pâ—…rseuaunt of his owne name And of theyr meeting in that place hee was put in remembraunce of another tyme in whiche it had happened them before to meete in like maner togither in the same place At which other time the Lorde chamberlaine had beene accused vnto King Edwarde by the Lorde Ryuers the Queenes brother in suche wise as hee was for the while but it lasted not long farre fallen into the kings indignation and stoode in great feare of himselfe And forasmuche as hee now met this Purseuaunt in the same place that ieopardie so well passed it gaue him great pleasure to talke with him thereof wyth whome he hadde before talked thereof in the same place while he was therein And therefore he sayd Ah Hastings art thou remembred when I met thee here once with an heauie heart Yea my Lorde quoth he that remember I well and thanked bee God they gat no good nor you no harme thereby Thou wouldest say so quoth hee if thou knewest as much as I knowe which few know else as yet and mo shall shortly That ment hee by the Lordes of the Queenes kyndred that were taken before and should that day be beheaded at Pomfret which he well wyst but nothing ware that the Axe hung ouer his owne heade In fayth man quoth he I was neuer so sorie nor neuer stoode in so greate dreade in my lyfe as I did when thou and I mette here And lo howe the worlde is turned nowe stand mine enimyes in the daunger as thou mayest happe to heare more hereafter and I neuer in my lyfe so mery nor neuer in so great suretie O good God the blindnesse of our mortal nature when he most feared he was in good suretie when hee reckened himselfe surest he lost his life and that within two houres after The discriptioÌ„ of the Lord Hastings Thus ended this honourable man a good Knight and a gentle of greate authoritie wyth his Prince of lyuing somewhat dissolute plaine and open to his enimie and secrete to hys friend easie to beguile as he that of good heart and courage forestudied no perilles a louyng man and passing well beloued verie faythfull and trustie ynough trusting too much Nowe flewe the fame of this Lordes death swiftly through the Citie and so foorth further about like a wynde in euerie mans eare But the Protector immediately after dinner entending to sette some colour vpon the matter sent in all the hast for many substantiall men out of the Citie into the Tower And at theyr comming himselfe with the Duke of Buckingham stoode harnessed in olde yll faring Bryganders suche as no man shoulde wene that they woulde vouchsafe to haue put vpon theyr backes except that some sodaine necessitie had constrayned theÌ„ And then the Protector shewed them that the Lorde Chamberlayne and other of his conspiracie had contriued to haue sodainly destroyed him and the Duke there the same day in the couÌ„cell And what they intended further was as yet not well knowne Of whiche their treason hee neuer had knowledge before tenne of the clocke the same forenoone whiche sodaine feare draâ—… them to put on for theyr defence such harnesse as came next to hande And so had God holpen theÌ„ that the mischiefe turned vpon them that would haue done it And this hee requyred them to report Euery man aunswered him fayre as though no man mistrusted the matter which of troth no man beleeued Yet for the further appeasing of-the peoples mynde hee sent immediately after dinner in all the haste one Heraulte of Armes The protecâ—… Proclaâ—… with a Proclamation to be made through the citie in the kings name conteyning that the Lord Hastings with diuers other of his traiterous purpose had before conspired the same day to haue slaine the Lorde Protectour and the Duke of Buckingham sitting in the Councell and after to haue taken vpon them to rule the king and the Realme at theyr pleasure and thereby to pill and spoyle whome they lyste vncontrolled And much matter there was in that proclamation deuised to the slaunder of the Lorde Chamberlain as that hee was an euill Counsailer to the kings father intising him to manye things highly redounding to the minishing of his honour and to the vniuersall hurt of his realme by his euil company sinister procuring vngracious ensample as well in many other things as in the vicious liuing and inordinate abusion of his bodie both with many other also specially with Shores wife which was one also of his most secret counsaile of this heynous treason with whome he lay nightly and namely the night last past next before his death so that it was the lesse maruaile if vngracious liuing brought him to an vnhappie ending which he was now put vnto by the most dread commaundement of the kings highnesse and of his honourable and faythfull counsayle both for his demerits being so openly taken in his falsly conceyued treason and also least the delaying of his extention myght haue encouraged other mischieuous persons partners of his conspiracie to gather and assemble themselues togither in making some greate commotion for his delyuerance whose hope now being by his well deserued death politikely repressed all the realme should by Gods grace rest in good quiet peace Now was this Proclamation made within two houres after that he was beheaded it was so curiously indited and so faire written in parâ—…hment in so wel a set hand therwith of it selfe so long a proces y t euery childe might well perceiue that it was prepared before For all the tyme betwene his death the
lane and corner was layd for hym and such search made that being brought to hys wittes ende and cut short of hys pretenced iourney he came to the house of Bethlem called the Priory of Shene beside Richmond in Southery and betooke himselfe to the Prior of that Monasterie requiring him for the honour of God to beg his pardon for life of the kings Maiestie The Prior which for the opinion that men had conceyued of his vertue was had in great estimatiō pitying the wretched state of that caitife came to the king and shewed him of this Perkyn whose pardon he humbly craued had it as freely granted Incontinently after was Perkyn brought to the Court againe to Westminster and was one day set fettred in a paire of stocks before the doore of Westmynster hal and there stood a whole day not without innumerable reproches mocks and scornings And the next day he was caryed thorow London set vpon a like skaffold in Cheape by the standard with like ginnes and stocks as he occupied the day before there stood al day read openly his own confession written with his own hand the very copie wherof here ensueth FIrst it is to be knowne that I was borne in the towne of Turny in Flanders The confession of Perkin as it was wri◅ten with his owne hande my fathers name is Iohn Osbeck which said I Osork was Cōptroller of y e sayd town of Turney my mothers name is Katherin de Faro And one of my Grandsires vpō my fathers side was named Dirick Osbeck which died after whose death my grandmother was maried vnto Peter Flamin y t was receiuer of the forenamed town of Turney dean of the botemen y e row vpō the water or riuer called le Scheld And my grandsire vpō my mothers side was Pet. de Faro which had in his keping the keyes of the gate of S. Iohns within the same towne of Turney Also I had an vncle called M. Iohn Stalin dwelling in the parish of S. Pias within y e same town which had maried my fathers sister whose name was Ioan or Iane w t whō I dwelt a certaine season And after I was led by my mother to Andwarpe for to learn Flemish in a house of a cousin of mine an officer of the sayde towne called Iohn Stienbecke with whom I was the space of halfe a yere And after that I returned againe to Turney by reason of warres that were in Flanders And within a yere folowing I was sēt w t a marchāt of y e said town of Turney named Berlo to the Marte of Andwarpe where I fell sicke which sicknesse continued vpon mee fiue Monethes And the sayde Berlo set me to boorde in a skinners house that dwelled beside the house of the English Nation And by him I was from thence caried to Barow Mart and I lodged at the signe of the Olde man where I abode for the space of two Monethes And after this the sayd Berlo set me with a marchant of Middleborow to seruice for to learne the language whose name was Iohn Strew with whom I dwelt from Christmas to Easter then I went into Portingal in cōpany of sir Edward Bramptons wife in a ship which was called the Queenes ship And when I was come thither thē I was put in seruice to a knight that dwelled in Lushborne whiche was called Peter Vacz de Cogna with whome I dwelled an whole yeare which sayde knight had but one eye And bycause I desired to see other Countreys I tooke license of him and then I put my self in seruice with a Briton called Pregēt Meno which brought me with him into Irelande and when we were there arriued in the towne of Corke they of the town bicause I was arrayed with some clothes of silke of my sayde maisters came vnto me and threatned vpon me that I should be the duke of Clarence son that was before time at Dublin And forasmuch as I denied there was brought vnto me the holy Euāgelists and the crosse by the Maior of the towne which was called Iohn Lewellin there in the presence of him other I toke mine oth as the truth was that I was not the foresayd dukes son nor none of his bloud And after this came vnto mee an Englishman whose name was Steuē Poitron and one Iohn Water and layd to me in swearing great othes that they knew wel that I was king Richards bastard son to whom I answered with like othes that I was not And then they aduised me not to be afearde but that I shoulde take it vpon me boldly and if I would so do they would ayd and assyst me with all theyr power against the king of England not only they but they were assured well that the Earles of Desmond and Kildare should do the same For they forced not what parte they tooke so that they might be reuenged vpō the king of England and so agaynst my will made me to learne English and taught me what I should do and say And after this they called me duke of Yorke seconde sonne to king Edward the fourth bycause king Richardes Bastarde sonne was in the handes of the king of Englande And vpon this the sayde Water Stephen Poytron Iohn Tyler Hughbert Burgh with many other as the foresayde Erles entred into this false quarell and within short time other The frēch king sent an Ambassadour into Irelande whose name was Loyte Lucas and maister Stephen Friham to aduertise me to come into France And thence I went into France and from thence into Flanders and from Flanders into Irelande and from Irelande into Scotland and so into England When the night of the same day being the .xv. of Iune was come after hee had stand all that day in the face of the Citie he was committed to the Tower there to remaine vnder safe keeping least happily he might eftsoones runne away and escape out of the lande to put the king and realme to some new trouble In this yeare there was an Augustine Frier called Patricke in the Parties of Suffolke An. reg 15. Patrik an Augustine Frier which hauing a scholer named Raufe Wilford a Shoomakers sonne in London as Stow noteth had so framed him to his purpose that in hope to worke some greate enterprise as to disappoynt the king of his crowne and seate royal Rauf Wilford the counterfeit erle of Warwike tooke vpon him to be the Earle of Warwike insomuch that both the maister and scholer hauing counsayled betwene themselues of their enterprise they went into Kent and there began the yōg Mawmet to tel priuily to many that he was the very Erle of Warwicke and lately gotten out of the Tower by the helpe of this Frier Patrike To which sayings when the Frier perceyued some lyght credence to be giuen he declared it openly in the pulpet and desired all men of helpe But the daunger of this seditious attempt was shortly remooued and taken
seat were the captains of the gards the prouost of y e houshold before the K. kneled y e Vshers of the chaÌ„ber vpon y e one knee at the foot of the step y e wentvp to the kings seat were the prouosts of the merchaÌ„ts Escheuins of the town of Paris Beneath in the hall the gates wherof were stil open ther was an infinit nuÌ„ber of people of al natioÌ„s in presence of them al y e K. made this declaratioÌ„ The cause wherfore I haue made this asseÌ„bly is for y e the emperor elect hath sent to me an herault of armes who as I coÌ„iecture as the same herault hath said as his safeconduit importeth hath brought me letters patents autentike coÌ„cerning y e suertie of the field for the combat y t shuld be betwixt the said elected Emperor and me And forasmuche as the said Herauld vnder color to bring the suretie of y e field may vse certain fictions dissimulatioÌ„s or hipoccrisies to shift off y e matter wher as I desire expeditioÌ„ to haue it dispatched out of hand so y t by the same an end of the warres which haue so loÌ„g coÌ„tinued may be had to y e ease coÌ„fort of all Christendom to auoyd the effusion of bloud other mischieues which come thereof I haue wished it knowne to al Christendom to the end y t euery one may vnderstand the truth from whence procedeth y e mischief the long continuance therof I haue also caused this asseÌ„blie to be made to shewe y t I haue not w tout great cause enterprised suche an act for the right is on my side if I should otherwise haue don mine honor had beÌ„ greatly blemished A thing which my lords y t ar of my bloud other my subiects wold haue takeÌ„ in euil part And knowing y e cause of y e coÌ„bat and my right they will beare w t it as good loyall subiects ought to do trusting by Gods helpe to proceed in such sort therin y t it shal plainly appere if y e right be on my side or not and how against truth I haue bin accused for a breaker of my faith which I wold be loth to do nor at any time haue ment so to do The kings my predecessors ancestors whose pictures ar engraueÌ„ set here in order w t in this hall which in their days haue successiuely atchieued glorious acts greatly augmented y e realm of France wold think me vnworthy not capable to be their successor if against myne honor I shuld suffer my self to be charged w t such a note by y e emperor shuld not defeÌ„d my person honor in y e maner and form acustomed And herwith he declared the whole case as it stode first how being taken at Paris by fortune of warre he neuer gaue his faith to any of his enimies consenting to be led into Spayne caused his owne galeys to be made redie to conuey him thither where at his arriual he was comitted to ward 〈◊〉 castell of Madrill garden w t a great nuÌ„ber of hauing busiers and others which vncurteous dealing found in the emperor so muche greued him y t he fel sick lay in danger of death Vâ—…oÌ„ the Emperor coÌ„ming to visite him after his recouerie of helth an ward was made betwixt w t deputies of the Emperor the ambassadors of the Lady his mother then regent of France which accord was so vnreason able that no prince being in libertie wold haue consented that to dor for his deliuerate haue promised so great 〈◊〉 some Which treatie yee they constrained here as he said to sweat to perform being prisoner against y e protestation whiche heauens times had made yea as yet being sicke in danger of recidination so consequently of death After this he was coÌ„ueyd foorth on his iorney homewards stil garded not set at libertie it was told him y e after he came into FraÌ„ce it was coÌ„uenient y t he should giue his faith for y t it was known wel enough y t what he did or promised in Spain it nothing auailed and further he remembred not y t the Emperor had tolde him at any time y t if he performed not the contents of the treatie he wold hold him for a breker of his faith though he had he was not in his libertie to make any answer Two things therfore said he in this case ar to be coÌ„sidered one y t the treatie was violeÌ„tly wroong out froÌ„ them y t coulde not bind his person and y t which as to y e residue had bin accoÌ„plished by his mother deliuering his sons in hostage The other thing was his preteÌ„ded faith on whiche they can make no grouÌ„d sith he was not set at libertie And hereto he shewed many reasons to proue y t his enimies could not pretende in right y t they had his faith The fielde 〈◊〉 is a place vvhere they may safely com to sight in listes before indâ—…eâ—… Iudges Further he said that in matter of combat there was the assailant whiche oughte to giue suretie of y e field the defendant the weapons Herwith also he caused a letter to beced which the Emperor had written to Maister Iâ—…han de Calnymont presideÌ„t of Burdeaux y e said kings ambassador in the course of the said Emperor The tenor of which better imported that y e emperor put the said ambassador in remeÌ„brance of speech which he had vttered to y e sayd ambassador in Granado repeting the same in substance as followeth that the Kyng his maister hadde done naughtily in not keping his faith which he had of him acording to the treatie of Madril and if the K. wold say the contrary I wil said the Emperor maintein the quarel with my bodie against his and these bee the same wordes that I spake to y e king your master in Madril that I wold hold him for 〈◊〉 and naughtys maÌ„ if 〈◊〉 the faith whichâ—… 〈…〉 Then after the said 〈◊〉 had him â—…che 〈◊〉 at 〈◊〉 his enâ—…â—…nde 〈◊〉 waâ—… of 〈◊〉 be 〈◊〉 that ever wherof â—…e haue heard 〈…〉 〈◊〉 becontinued his â—…ale in declaring what order 〈◊〉 obserued 〈…〉 the emâ—… to the 〈◊〉 at without all shifting delâ—… so as if the Herald now come froÌ„ the Emperor world vse our 〈◊〉 than 〈◊〉 deliuer him â—…tike writing for 〈◊〉 â—…tie of the field not obserue the contents of his safe conduct he â—…nt and to giue him all 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 vpon 〈…〉 called to come in and declare his messages who apparelled in his 〈◊〉 of armes made his aparraÌ„ts before the king them sitting accompanied as 〈◊〉 haue heard vnto where the King sayde Herauld doâ—… thou bring the 〈◊〉 of the field suche one as thy master being be assaylaÌ„t ought to deliuer vnto the defendaÌ„t being so 〈◊〉 a personage is Iâ—… The Heraulde there vnto said Sir may it please you to giue mâ—… to do â—…ne
resort to a greater matter of youre vnkyndenesse a great vnnaturalnesse and suche an euill that if we thought it had not bene begonne of ignoraunce and continued by persuasion of certaine traytours amongst you which we thinke fewe in number but in their doings busie we coulde not be persuaded but to vse our sworde and to doe iustice And as we be ordeyned of God for to redresse your errours by auengement But loue and zeale yet ouercometh our iust anger but howe long that will be God knoweth in whose hande our heart is and rather for your owne causes being our christened subiectes we woulde ye were persuaded than vanquished taught than ouerthrowne quietly pacified than rigorously persecuted Yee require to haue the Statute of sixe Sixe articles Articles reuiued and knowe you what yee require Or knowe yee what case yee haue with the losse of them There were lawes made but quicklye repented too bloudie they were to bee borne of our people and yet at the first in deede made of some necessitie Oh subiectes howe are ye trapped by euill persons Wee of pitie bicause they were bloudie tooke them away and you nowe of ignoraunce will aske them againe You know full well that they helped vs to extende rigour and gaue vs cause to drawe our sworde verye often And since our mercie mooued vs to wryte our lawes with milke and equitie howe bee yee blinded to aske them in bloude But leauing this maner of reasoning and resorting to the truth of our authoritie we let you wit the same hath bene adnulled by Parliament with great reioyse of our subiectes and not nowe to be called in question The authority of a Parliamēt And dareth anye of you with the name of a subiect stande against an Acte of Parliament a lawe of the Realme What is our power if lawes shoulde be thus neglected or what is your suretie if lawes be not kept Assure you most surely that we of no earthly thing vnder the heauen make such reputation as we doe of this one to haue our lawes obeyed and this cause of God to be throughlye maintained from the which we will neuer remoue a heares breadth nor giue place to any creature liuing But therein will spend our owne royall person our crowne treasure Realme and all our state whereof we assure you of our high honour For herein resteth our honour herein doe all Kings knowledge vs a King And shall anye one of you dare breath or think against our kingdome and crowne In the ende of this your request as we be giuen to vnderstande ye woulde haue them stand in force vntill our full age To this we thinke that if ye knewe what ye spake ye woulde not haue vttered the motion nor neuer giuen breath to such a thought For what thinke you of our kingdome Be we of lesse authoritie for our age Be we not your King nowe as wee shall be Shall ye be subiectes hereafter and nowe are ye not Haue wee not the right wee shall haue If ye woulde suspende and hang our doings in doubt vntill our full age yee must first know as a king we haue no difference of yeares but as a naturall man and creature of God we haue youth and by his sufferance shall haue age Wee are your rightfull King your liege Lorde the souereigne Prince of Englande not by our age but by Gods ordinance not onelye when we shall bee one and twentie yeares of age but when we were of ten yeares We possesse our crowne not by yeares but by the bloude and discent from our father King Henrie the eyght If it be considered they which moue this matter if they durst vtter themselues woulde denie our kingdome But our good subiectes knowe their Prince and will encrease not diminishe his honour enlarge his power not abate it knowledge his kingdome not deferre it to certaine yeares All is one to speake against our crowne and to denie our kingdome as to require that our lawes may be broken vnto one and twentie yeares Be wee not your crowned annoynted and established King Wherin be we of lesse maiesty of lesse authority or lesse state than our progenitors Kings of this Realme Except your vnkindnesse your vnnaturalnesse will diminishe our estimation We haue hitherto since the death of our Father by the good aduise and counsayle of our deare and entirely beloued vnkle the Duke of Somerset and Gouernour and Protector kept our estate maintained our Realme preserued our honour defended our people from all enimies We haue hitherto bene feared and dreade of our enimies yea of Princes Kings and nations Yea herein we be nothing inferiour to any our Progenitours whiche grace we acknowledge to be giuen vs from God and howe else but by good obedience good counsayle of our Magistrates By the authoritie of oure kingdome Englande hitherto hath gained honour during our Reygne It hath wonne of the enimie and not lost It hath bene maruayled that we of so yong yeares haue reigned so nobly so royally so quietly And howe chaunceth that you our louing subiectes of that our countrie of Cornewall and Deuonshire will giue occasion to slaunder this our Realme of Englande to giue courage to the enimie to note our Realme of the euill of rebellion to make it a praye to oure olde enimies to diminishe our honour whiche God hath giuen our father lefte our good vnkle and Counsayle preserued vnto vs What greater euill coulde yee committe than enter nowe when our forreyne enimie in Scotlande and vpon the sea seeketh to inuade vs to doe oure Realme dishonour than to arise in this maner against our lawe to prouoke our wrathe to aske our vengeance and to giue vs an occasion to spende that force vppon you which we ment to bestow vpon our enimies to begynne to slay you with that sworde that we dreweforth against Scottes and other enimies To make a conquest of our owne people whiche otherwise should haue bene of the whole Realme of Scotlande Thus farre we haue descended from our high Maiestie for loue to consider you to your simple ignorance and haue bene content to sende you an instruction like a father who of iustice might haue sent you your destructions like a King to rebelles And nowe we let you know that as you see our mercie abundantly so if ye prouoke vs further we sweare to you by the liuing God ye shall feele the power of the same God in our sworde whiche howe mightie it is no subiect knoweth how puissant it is no priuate man can iudge howe mortall it is no Englishman dare thinke But surely surely as your Lorde and Prince your onely king and maister we say to you repent your selues and take our mercie without delay or else we will forthwith extende our princely power and execute our sharpe sworde against you as against infidels and Turkes and rather aduenture oure owne royall person state and power than the same shoulde not be executed And if you will proue the
duties sake and my whole Countreys cause I will at this present declare vnto you Ye which be bounde by Gods worde and to obey for feare lyke men pleasâ—â—s but for conâ—…edence sake like Christians haue contrarie to Gods holy will whose offence is euerlasting beaâ—â— and contrarie to the godly order of quietnesse set out to vs in the Kings Maiesties â—â—wes the breache whereof is not vnknowne to you taken in hande vnrulled of God vnsent by men vnfitte by reason to calle awaye your bounden duetyes of obedience and to put on you agaynste the Magistrates Gods office committed to the Magistrates for the reformation of your pretensed iniuries In the which doing ye haue first faulted grieuously against God next offended vnnaturally our soueraigne Lorde thirdly troubled miserablie the whole common wealth vndone cruelly many an honest man and brought in an vtter miserie both to vs the Kings Subiectes and to your selues being false Rebelles and yet ye pretende that partly for Gods cause and partly for the coÌ„mon welthes sake ye do arise when as your selues cannot denie but ye that seeke in worde gods cause do breake in deed Gods commaundement and ye that seeke the common wealth haue destroyed the common wealth and so ye marre that ye would make and break that ye would amend bycause ye neither seeke any thing rightly nor would amend any thing orderly He that faulteth faulteth agaynst Gods ordinance who hath forbidden all faultes and therefore ought againe to be punished by Gods ordinance who is the reformer of faults For he sayth leaue the punishment to me and I will reuenge them But the Magistrate is the ordinaunce of God appoynted by him with the sworde of punishment to looke streightly to all euil doers And therefore that that is done by the Magistrate is done by the ordinance of God whom the Scripture oftentymes doth call God bycause he hath the execution of Gods office Howe then do you take in hande to reforme Be ye kings By what authoritie or by what succession Be ye y e kings officers By what commission Be ye called of God By what tokens declare ye that Gods worde teacheth vs that no man should take in hand any office but he that is called of God lyke Aaron What Moyses I pray you called you What Gods Minister bade you rise Ye rise for religion What religion taught you that If ye were offred persecution for religion ye ought to flie so Christ teacheth you and yet you intend to fight If ye woulde stande in the truth ye ought to suffer like Martyrs and you woulde sley like tyrants Thus for religion you keepe no religion and neither will follow the counsaile of Christ nor the constancie of Martyrs Why rise ye for religion Haue ye any thing contrary to Gods booke Yea haue ye not al things agreeable to Gods word But the new is different from the old and therfore ye will haue the olde If ye measure the old by truth ye haue the oldest if ye measure the olde by fancie then it is harde bycause mens fansies chaungeth to giue that is olde Ye will haue the olde still Will ye haue any older than that as Christ left and his Apostles taught and the first Church after Christ did vse Ye will haue that the Canons doe establish Why that is a great deale yonger than that ye haue of later tyme and newlyer inuented Yet that is it that ye desire Why then ye desire not the oldest And doe you preferre the Bishoppes of Rome afore Christ mennes inuention afore Gods law the newer sort of worship before the older Ye seeke no religion ye be deceyued ye seeke traditions They that teach you blinde you that so instruct you deceyue you If ye seeke what the olde Doctors say yet looke what Christ the oldest of all sayth For he sayth before Abraham was made I am If ye seeke the truest way he is the verye truth if ye seeke the readiest way he is the verie way if ye seeke euerlasting life he is the verye life What religion would ye haue other nowe than his religion You would haue the Bibles in againe It is no maruaile your blinde guides would leade you blind stil Why be ye Howlets and Backes that ye cannot looke on the light Christ sayth to euerie one search ye the Scriptures for they beare witnesse of Christ You say pull in the scriptures for we wil haue no knowledge of Christ The Apostles of Christ wil vs to be so readie y t we may be able to giue euerie maÌ„ an account of our faith Ye will vs not once to read the Scriptures for feare of knowing of our faith S. Paule prayeth that euerie man may encrease in knowledge yee desire that our knowledge might decay againe A true Religion ye seeke belike and worthie to be fought for For without the sworde indeede nothing can help it neither Christ nor truth nor age can mainteyne it But why shoulde ye not like that which Gods worde establisheth the prematiue Church hath authorised the greatest lerned men of this Realme hath drawen the whole consent of the Parliament hath confirmed the Kings Maiestie hath set foorth Is it not truly set out Can ye deuise any truer than Christes Apostles vsed ye thinke it is not learnedly done Dare ye Commons take vpon you more learning than the chosen Bishops and Clearkes of this Realme haue Thinke ye follie in it Ye wer woÌ„t to iudge your ParliameÌ„t wisest now wil ye sudainly excell them in wisedom Or can ye thinke it lacketh authoritie which the King the Parliament the learned the wise haue iustly approued Learne learne to knowe this one point of Religion that God will be worshipped as he hath prescribed not as wee haue deuised and that his will is wholye in his Scriptures which be full of Gods spirite and profitable to teach the truth to reproue lyes to amend faults to bring one vp in righteousnesse that he that is a Gods man may be perfite and readie to al good woorkes What can bee more required to serue God withall And thus muche for Religion Rebels The other rable of Norffolke Rebelles yee pretende a common wealth How amende ye it by killing of Gentlemen by spoyling of Gentlemen by imprisoning of Gentlemen A marueylous tanned commoÌ„welth Why should ye thus hate them for their riches or for their rule Rule they neuer tooke so much in hand as ye doe now They neuer resisted the king neuer withstood his counsail be faithful at this day when ye be faithlesse not onely to the King whose Subiectes ye be but also to your Lordes whose tenaunts ye be Is this your true duetie in some of homage in most of feaultie in all of allegeance to leaue your duties goe backe from your promises fall from your fayth and contrarie to lawe and truth to make vnlawfull assemblyes vngodly companies wicked and detestable Campes to disobey your betters to obey your Tanners to change your obedience
meante to haue brought to the enimies but being thus taken as a good prise it was discharged in Newhauen stoode the Englishmen and other of that towne in good steede On Friday the sixth of Nouember aboute nine of the clock in the morning a great alarme rose in the sayd Towne of Newhauen An alarme for vpon the hilles on the North side of the Towne the Reingraue and the sonne of the Vice admirall of Fraunce shewed themselues accompanyed with two thousand footemen and fiue hundred horsemen And heerewith the Reingraue sent a Trumpettor to the Towne to aduertise the L. Lieutenaunte that he was on the hilles there at hande and that vnderstanding his Lordshippe was come into the Countrey and entred into Newhauen if it woulde please him to promise vppon his honor and by the faith of a Gentleman that he might come and returne in safetie he would be glad to come to see him and talke with him Wherevpon the Lord Lieutenaunt taking with hym certayne Captaynes and Gentlemen rode forth of the Towne and sente before him Sir Adrian Poinings the Marshall with Stephen Medcalfe Stephen Medcalfe hir Maiesties Trumpettor vnto the Reingraue who talking wyth him returned and mette with the Lord Lieutenant who therewith passed forward and meeting with the Reingraue The Earle of Warwike and the Reingraue talke togither they embraced eache other and conferred togither as they had occasion and the Reingraue tolde the Lorde Lieutenant among other talke that he was come to he his neighbor and so with such merrie speech they communed togithers and after taking leaue eyther of other they returned to theyr homes The Countie Montgomerie and Monsieur Beauvoys had some talke also with the Reingraue casting out bitter and sharp wordes in deprofe of the Duke of Guise and other that were of his faction The Reingraue comming backe to his army the same after noone forraied all the Countrey and droue away the most parte of all the cattayle that they might meete with and comming to the Churche of Hauteuille where an hundred and fiftie of Montgomeries band lay they skirmished wyth them and in the ende Montgomeries Souldiers were forced to retire and abandon the place leauing it to the enimies and comming away withdrewe the same night into Newhauen The Almaynes the same euening deuidyng their army into two partes the one halfe of theÌ„ went and lodged at Mondeuille and the other halfe at Harflew The Church 〈◊〉 Haulteuille â—â—nered The morrow after the Frenchmen that had abandoned the Church of Hauteuille the nyghte before went thither againe tooke and kepte it against the enimies in like manner as they helde it before â—… Proclamation The eleuenth of Nouember a Proclamation was made in name of the Lorde Lieutenant by the officer at armes Bleumantell as well for good orders to be kept by the Souldyers aueynst the Frenche inhabitauntes of the Towne and reforming of certayne greeuances whereof the Frenche had made complaynte as also for theyr comming to Churche to heare common prayer and preaching at due times for the auoyding of vnlawfull games whoredome wicked othes and other blasphemies and lykewise concerning dyuers other good orders to bee obserued and disorders to bee eschued as was thought necessary to giue warning of with coÌ„digne paynes appoynted for punishemente of those that should transgresse in the same On Thursdaye the twelfth of Nouember there wente out of the Towne of Newhauen towards Harflewe three bands of Frenchmen conteyning aboute sixe hundred footemen and suddaynely they were besette by the Almaynes and Frenchmen of the garrison of Harflewe so that the Frenchmen Protestantes were driuen to take a Village called Grauille where they maynteyned the skirmishe for the space of two houres A skirmish before Harflewe till the Lord Lieutenant hearing of the perill in whiche they stoode sent forth with the Comptroller the number of a thousande footemen and all the English and Scottishe Horsemen and Monsieur Beauvoys with dyuers frenche Horsemen who comming before Harflewe fel in skirmish with the enimies to whose succoure there issued forthe of Harflew a greate number of the Almaynes both Horsemen and footemen but the Englishmen behaued themselues so valiantly that they beate them out of the fielde and dryue them in the ende to the very gates of theyr towne Thys skirmishe was stoutely mainteyned and coÌ„tinued for the space of three long houres Their greate artillerie was shotte off freshly from the walles and bulwarkes At length when the nighte drewe on the retire was sounded and so the Englishmen came their way backe to Newhauen with honor hauing lost not past eight of their Souldyers that were slayne and sixe other hurt where as there was one of the enimies Captaynes slayne in sighte with twenty Souldyers and another of their Captaynes with diuers other of theyr numbers greeuously wounded Monsieur Beauvoys shewed hymselfe that day very forwarde and valiant Monsieur Beauvoys and so likewise did the Scottishmen The thirtenth of Nouember a pinesse of the Frenchmen that belonged to Newhauen being gone forth the night before brought into the hauen a Shippe laden with Rochell wines fiue and twentie tunnes that was bound to passe vp to the enimies and so esteemed a good prise And the fourtenth of Nouember Prises taken and brought to Newhauen another Shippe fraught with twentie tunnes of Gascoigne wine was brought in as a prise likewise taken by a barke of Newhauen that belonged to a Frenchman called Iehan de Boys an earnest aduersarie to the Papistes An. Reg. 5. A Proclamation The seuententh of Nouember a Proclamation was made by Bleumantel concerning orders taken and passed by the Lorde Lieutenant that no Englishman nor Frenchman shoulde shoote off any harquebuze within the Towne nor that any FrenchmaÌ„ except Monsieur Beauvoys or Monsieur Bricquemault or theyr companyes shoulde be out of their lodgings after nine of the clocke at nyght till the next morning on payne of deathe excepte in cases of alarmes The twentith of Nouember aboute sixe of the clocke at nighte one of the Milles without the gate was sette on fyre by some of the Papistes as was thought An alarme whereof rose a greate alarme The thirtenth of Nouember the Reingraue was seene on the North hilles of the Towne with fourescore Horsemenne wherevppon the Scottishe Horsemen and three bandes of footemen issued out marching vp towards the same hylles in hope to meete with the enimies but they were retired towardes Mondeuille and so nothing was done It was reported for a certayne truth that the Duke Daumale was there at that presente with the Reingraue On Wednesday the fiue and twentith of Nouember one of Captayne Cocksons Souldyers Execution was hanged in the market place and an other that was brought thither likewise to be executed hadde his pardon at the sute of certayne Frenche Gentlemen and heerewith was Proclamation made A Proclamation that where it had bin proclaymed afore that none
parte of his army wyth Horses and Carriages so that it was iudged to bee a punishmente appoynted by God that the spoyle whyche hadde bene gotten and taken out of Churches Abbeys and other Religious houses shoulde perishe and be lost by suche meanes togither with the spoylers Yet the Kyng hymselfe â—…t Paris â—…t VVest and a fewe other escaped the violence of the waters by following a good guide But as some haue written hee tooke suche griefe for the losse susteyned at thys passage that immediately therevppon hee fell into an agewe â—…g Iohn â—…eth ficke of â—…gewe Mat. Paris the force and heate whereof togither with his immoderately feeding of rawe Peaches and drinking of newe Syder so increased his sicknesse that he was not able to ryde but was fayne to be carried in a litter presently made of twigges with a couche of Strawe vnder him without anye bedde or pillow thynking to haue gone to Lincolne but the disease still so raged and grew vpon him that hee was inforced to stay one nyght at the Castell of Laford â—…ord â—…th VVest â—…t Paris and on the next day with great payne he caused hymselfe to bee carried vnto Newarke where in the Castell through anguishe of mynd rather than through force of sicknesse â—…g Iohn â—…arted thys 〈◊〉 he departed thys lyfe the nyghte before the nineteenth day of October in the yeare of his age fiftie and one and after hee had raigned seauen yeares sixe monethes and seuen and twentie dayes There be whiche haue written that after hee had lost hys army hee shoulde come vnto the Abbey of Swyneshead in Lincolneshire and there vnderstanding the cheapenesse and plentie of corne shewed hymselfe greatly displeased therewith as he that for the hatred whiche he bare to the Englishe people that had so trayterously reuolted from hym vnto his aduersarie Lewes wished all miserie to lighte vppon them and therevpon sayde in hys anger that hee woulde cause all manner grayne to be at a farre higher price ere many dayes shoulde passe Wherevppon a Monke that heard hym speake suche wordes being moued with zeale for the oppression of hys Countrey â—…ns Cro. gaue the Kyng poyson in a cuppe of Ale whereof hee fyrste tooke the assaye to cause the Kyng not to suspect the matter and so they both dyed in manner at one time â—…n There are that write howe one of hys owne seruauntes dyd conspire with a conuert of that Abbey and that they prepared a dishe of peares whyche they poysoned three if the whole number excepted whyche dishe 〈◊〉 sayde conuerte presented vnto hym and then the Kyng suspected them to be poysons indeede by reason that such precious stones as he hadde about cast soorth a certayne sweate as it were bewraying the poison hee compelled the sayde conuerte to fast and eate some of them who â—…nowing the three peares whych were not poysond tooke and eate those three whych when the Kyng had seene he coulde no longer absteyne buâ—…â—…ell too and eate greedily of the rest and so â—…d the same nyghte neyther any hurte chaunced â—…o the conuert who thorough helpe of suche as â—…e no good will to the Kyng founde shift to escape and conueyed himselfe away from daunger of receâ—…ing due punishmente for so wicked a deede But verily touching the manner of his deaâ—… there is great diuersitie among Writers The variable reâ—…ortes of wâ—…ers concerning the death of King Iohn For besyde these reportes whyche ye haue hearde there are other that write howe hee dyed of surfeting in the nyghte as Raufe Niger some of a bloudy flixe as one hathe that writeth an addition vnto Roger Houeden And Raufe Cogheshall sayeth that comming to Lynne where he appoynted Sauary de Mauleon to be Captayne and to take order for y e fortifying of that towne hee tooke a surfet there of immoderate dyet and withall fell into a laske and after hys laske had left hym at hys commyng to Laford in Linsey hee was let bloud and to increase hys other griefes and sorrowes for the losse of his carriage iewels men in passing ouer the washes whych troubled hym sore there came vnto him messengers from Hubert de Burgh and Gerard de Sotegam Captaynes of Douer Castell aduertising him that they were not able to resist the forcible assaultes and engines of the enimies if speedy succoures came not to them in tyme. Hereof his greefe of mynde beyng doubled so as hee myghte seeme euen oppressed with sorrow the same increassed hys disease so vehemently that within a small tyme it made an ende of hys lyfe as before yee haue hearde The menne of warre that serued vnder hys ensignes beeyng for the more parte hyred Souldiers and straungers came togyther and marching foorthe with his body eache man with hys armour on hys backe in warlike order conueyed it vnto Worcetor where hee pompously was buryed in the Cathedrall Churche before the hygh Aulter not for that hee had so appointed as some write Bernewell but bycause it was thought to be a place of most suretie for the Lordes and other of hys friendes there to assemble and to take order in their businesse nowe after hys deceasse Bycause he was somewhat fatte and corpulente his bowels vere taken foorth of his body and buried at Crâ—…ton Abbey a house of MoÌ„ks of the order called Premonstratensis in Staffordshire The Abbot of which house was his Phisition He had issue by his wife Queene Isabell two sonnes Henry who succeeded him in the Kyngdome and Richard with three daughters Ioane married to Alexander Kyng of Scotlande Isabell coupled in matrimony with the Emperoure Fredericke the seconde and Eleanor whome William Earle of Glowcester had to wife Hee had also another daughter as some haue lefte in writing called also Eleanor Hee was comely of stature but of lookes and countenaunce displeasant and angry somewhat cruell of nature as by the writers of hys time he is noted and not so hardy as doubtfull in time of perill and daunger But this seemeth to be an enuious report vttered by those that were giuen to speake no good of hym whome they inwardly hated But yet there be that giue this witnesse of him as the author of the booke of Bernewell Abbey and other that he was a great and mighty Prince but yet not very fortunate not vnlike altogither to Marius the noble Romayne tasting of fortune both wayes bountifull and liberall vnto Strangers but of his owne people for their dayly treasons practised towardes hym he was a great oppressour so that hee trusted more to forreyners than to them and therefore in the ende he was of them vtterly forsaken Verely who soeuer shall consider the course of the history written of thys Prince hee shall fynde that he hath bin little beholden to y e Writers of that time in which he liued for vnneth caÌ„ they aford him a good word except wheÌ„ y e trueth enforceth them to come out with it as it were
after that hir grace passed y e Crosse she had espyed the Pageant erected at the little conduit in Cheape and incontinent required to know what it might signifie And it was tolde hir grace that there was placed Tyme Tyme quoth shee and Tyme hath broughte me hither And so forth the whole matter was opened to hir grace as heereafter shall be declared in the description of the Pageant But in the opening when hir grace vnderstoode that the Byble in Englishe shoulde be deliuered vnto hir by Trueth which was therin represented by a childe she thanked the Citie for that gift and sayd that she would oftentimes reade ouer that Booke commaunding Sir Iohn Parrat one of the Knights which helde vp hir Canapie to goe before and to receiue the Booke But learning that it shoulde bee deliuered vnto hir grace downe by a silken lace shee caused him to stay and so passed forwarde till shee came agaynste the Aldermen in the high ende of Cheape tofore the little conduite where the companyes of the Citie ended which beganne at Fanchurche and stoode along the streetes one by another enclosed with rayles hanged with clothes and themselues well apparelled with manye riche furres and their liuery whodes vpon their shoulders in comely and seemely maner hauing before them sundrye persons well apparelled in silkes and chaynes of golde as wyflers and garders of the sayde companyes beside a number of riche hangings as well of Tapistrie Arras clothes of golde siluer veluet damaske Sattin and other silkes plentifully hanged all the way as the Queenes highnesse passed from the Tower thorough the Citie Out at the windowes and penthouses of euery house did hang a number of riche and costly banners and streamers till hir grace came to the vpper ende of Cheape And there by appointmente the ryght worshipfull Maister Ranulph Cholmeley Recorder of the Citie presented to the Queenes Maiestie a purse of crymeson sattine richely wroughte with golde wherein the Citie gaue vnto the Queenes Maiestie a thousande markes in golde as Maister Recorder did declare briefely vnto the Queenes Maiestie whose words tended to this ende that the Lord Maior his breethren and communaltie of the Citie to declare their gladnes and good will towards the Queenes Maiestie did presente hyr grace with that gold desiring hir grace to continue their good and gracious Queene and not to esteeme the value of the gift but the mynde of the giuers The Queenes Maiestie with both hir hands tooke the purse and aunswered to him againe maruellous pithily and so pithily that the standers by as they embraced entierly hyr gracious aunswere so they maruelled at the cowching thereof which was in wordes truely reported these I thanke my Lorde Maior hys breethre and you all And whereas your request is that I should continue youre good Lady and Queene bee yee ensured that I will be as good vnto you as euer Queene was to hir people No will in mee can lacke neyther doe I trust shall there lacke any power And perswade your selues y t for the safetie and quietnesse of you all I will not space if neede be to spend my bloud God thanke you all Whiche aunswere of so noble an hearted Princes if it moued a maruellous shoute and reioycing it is nothing to bee maruelled at since both the heartinesse thereof was so wonderfull and the wordes so ioyntly knitte When hir grace had thus aunswered the Recorder shee marched towarde the little conduit where was erected a Pageant with square proportion standing directly before the same conduit with battlementes accordingly And in the same Pageant was aduanced two hylles or Mountaynes of conuenient height The one of them beeing on the North syde of the same Pageante was made cragged barren and stonie in the whiche was erected on tree artificially made all withered and dead with braunches accordingly And vnder the same tree at the foote thereof sate one in homely and rude apparell crokedly and in mourning maner hauing ouer hys head in a table written in Latin and Englishe hys name whiche was Ruinosa Respublica A decayed common weale And vppon the same withered tree were fixed certayne Tables wherein were written proper sentences expressing the causes of the decay of a common weale The other hill on the South syde was made fayre fresh green and beautifull the ground thereof full of floures and beautie and on the same was erected also one tree very freshe amd faire vnder the whyche stoode vpright on freshe personage well apparelled and appoynted whose name also was written both in English and Latin which was Respublica bene instituta a flourishing common Weale And vpon the same tree also were fixed certaine Tables conteyning sentences whych expressed the causes of a flourishing common Weale In the myddle betweene the sayde hylles was made artificially one hollow place or caue with dore and locke enclosed out of the which a little before the Queenes highnes comming thither issued on personages whose name was Tyme apparelled as an old man with a Sythe in his hande hauing wings artificially made leading a personage of lesser stature than himselfe which was finely and well apparelled all cladde in white sylke and directly ouer hyr head was sette hir name and title in latine and English Temporis filia the daughter of Tyme Whiche two so appoynted wente forwarde toward the South side of the Pageant And on hir brest was written hir proper name which was Veritas Truth who helde a Booke in hir hand vpon the which was written Verbum veritatis the word of trueth And out of the South syde of the Pageant was cast a standing for a child which shoulde interprete the same Pageant Againste whome when the Queenes Maiestie came he spake vnot hir grace these words This old man with the sythe olde father Tyme they call And hir his daughter Trueth which holdeth yonder Booke Whome he our of his rocke hath brought forth to vs all From whence this many yeares she durst not once out looke The ruthfull wight that sitteth vnder the barren tree Resembleth to vs forme when common weales decay But when they be in state triumphant you may see By him in freshe attire that sitteth vnder the baye Nowe since that Tyme agayne his daughter Trueth hathe brought We trust O worthy Q. thou wilt this trueth embrace And since thou vnderstandst the good estate and naught We trust welth thou wilte plant and barrennes displace But for heale the sore and cure that is not seene Whiche thing the Booke of trueth doth teach in writing playne She doth present to thee the same O worthy Queene For that that words do flye but writing doth remayne When the childe had thus ended his speeche hee reached his Booke towardes the Queenes Maiestie which a little before Trueth had lette down vnto him from the hill whyche by Sir Iohn Parrat was receiued and deliuered vnto the Queene But shee as soone as she had receyued the Booke kissed it and with both hir hands helde
vp the same and so layd it vpon hir brest with great thankes to the Citie therefore And so wente forwarde towardes Paules Churchyarde The former matter whiche was rehearsed vnto the Queenes Maiestie was written in two tables on eyther side the Pageant eight verses and in the middest these in latine Ille vides falcem laeua qui sustinet vncam Tempus is est cui stat filia vera comes Hanc pater exesa deductam rupe reponit In lucem quam non viderat ante diu Qui sedet à laeua cultu male tristis inepto Quem duris crescens cautibus orbis obit Nos monet effigie qua sit respublica quando Corruit at contra quando beata viget Ille docet inuenis forma spectandue amictâ—… Scitus aeberna laurea fronde virens The sentences written in latine and Englishe vpon both the trees declaring the causes of both estates were these Causes of a ruinous common weale are these Want of the feare of God Disobedience to rulers Blindnes of guides Briberie in Magistrates Rebellion in subiects Ciuill disagreement Flattering of Princes Vnmercifulnesse in Rulers Vnthankefulnesse in Subiects Causes of a flourishing common weale Feare of God A wise Prince Learned Rulers Obedience to officers Obedient subiects Louers of the common Weale Vertue rewarded Vice chastned The matter of this Pageaunte dependeth of them that went before For as the first declared hir grace to come out of the house of vnitie the second that she is placed in the seate of gouernemente staid with vertues to the suppression of vice and therefore in the thirde the eyght blessings of almighty God mighte well bee applyed vnto hir so this fourth nowe is to put hir grace in remembraunce of the state of the common weale which Time with Trueth his daughter doth reueale which Trueth also hir grace hathe recieued and therefore cannot but bee mercifull and carefull for the good gouernement thereof From thence the Queenes Maiestie passed towarde Paules Churchyard and when shee came ouer againste Paules Schoole a child appoynted by the Scholemaister thereof pronouÌ„ced a certayne Oration in Latine and certayne verses whiche also were there written as followeth Philosophus ille diuinus Plato inter multa preclarè ac sapienter dicta hoc posteris proditum reliquit Rempublicam illam faelicissimam fore cui princeps sophiae studiosa virtutibusque ornata coÌ„tigerit Quem si vere dixisse censeamus vt quidé verissme cur non terra a Britannica plauderetâ—… cur non populus gaudium atque letitiam agitaret â—… immo cur non hunc diem albâ—… quod aiunt lapitly rotâ—…retâ—… quo princeps talis nobis adest qualem priores non viderant qualemque posteritas haud facile aernere poterit dotibus quum a noni tum corpuris vâ—…diâ—…que faelicissima Casti quidem corporis dorels ita apertae sunt vt oratione non egeant Animi veru tot tantaeque vt ne verbis quidem ex rimi possint Haec nenipe regibus summis orta morum atque animi nobilitate genus exuperat Haias pectus Christi religionis amore flagrat Haec gentem Britannicam virtusibus illustrabit clipeoque iustitiae teget Haec literis gracis latinis eximia ingenioque praepollens est Hac imperante pictas vigebit Anglia florebit aurea secula redibunt Vos igitur Angli tot commoda accepturi Elizabetham Reginam nostram celeberrimam ab ipso Christo huius regni imperio destinatam honore debito prosequimini Huius imperitjs animo libentissimo subditiestote vosque tali principe dignos prebete Et quoniam pueri non viribus sed praecibus Offâ—…cium praestare possunt nos Alumni huius sâ—…holae ab ipso Coleto olim Templi Paulini Decano extructae teneras palmas ad Caelum tendentes Christum Opt. Maxi praecaturi sumus vt tuam celsitudinem annos Nestoreos summo cum honore Anglis imperitare faciat matremque pignoribus charis beatam reddat Amen Anglia nune tandem plaudas laetare resulia Presto iam vita est praesidiumque tibi En tua spes venit tua gloria lux decus omne Venit iam solidam quae sibi prestat opeâ—â— Succurretque tuis rebus quae pessum abiere Perdita quae fuerant haec reparare volet Omnia florebunt redeunt niâ—â— aurea secla In melius surgent quae cecidere bona Debes ergo illi totam te reddere fidam Cuius in accessu commoda tot capies Salue igitur dicas imo de pectore summo Elizabeth Regni non dubitanda salus Virgo venit veni atque optes comitata deinceps Pignoribus charis laeta parens veniat Hoc deus omnipotens ex alto donet olympo Qui caelum terram condidit atque regit Which the Queenes Maiestie most attentiuely hearkned vnto And when the childe had pronounced he did kisse the Oration which hee had there fayre written in Paper and deliuered it vnto the Queenes Maiestie which most gently receyued the same And when the Queenes Maiestie had heard all that was there offred to bee spoken then hir grace marched towarde Ludgate where shee was receyued with a noyse of Instruments the forefront of the gate beeyng such trâ—â—med vp agaynst hir Maiesties comming From thence by the way as â—â—e went downe towarde Fleetebridge one abdure hir grace noted the Cities charge that there was no cost spared Hir grace answered that shee did well consider the same and that it shoulde be remembred An honourable aunswere worthie a noble Prince which may comfort all hir subiects considering that there can be no point of gentlenesse or obedient loue â—â—â—wen toward hir grace which she doth not most tenderly accept and graciously wey In thys maner the people on euerie syde reioysing hir grace went forwarde towarde the Conduyte in Fleetestreete where was the fyft and luste Pageant erected in forme following From the Conduyte which was beautified wyth paynting vnto the Northsyde of the streete was erected a Stage embattayled with foure Towers and in the same a square platte rysing wyth degrees and vpon the vppermost degree was placed a Chayre or seate royall and behinde the same seate in curious artificiall maner was erected a tree of reasonable heigth and so farre aduaunced aboue the seate as a did well and seemely shadowe the same withoute endamaging the fight of anye part of the Pageant and the same tree was beautified with leaues as greene as Arâ—â— coulde deuise being of a conuenient greatnesse and conteyning therevpon the fenite of the Date and on the toppe of the same tree in a Table was set the name thereof which was A Palme tree and in the aforesayd seale â—â— Chayre was placed a seemely and meete personage richely appatayled in Parliament Roâ—…es with a scepter in hir hande as a Queene crowned wyth an open Crowne whose name and ryth 〈◊〉 in a Table fixed ouer hir head in this fort Debora the Iudge and restorer of the house of Israell Iudic. 4. And the other