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A12738 The history of Great Britaine under the conquests of ye Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans Their originals, manners, warres, coines & seales: with ye successions, lives, acts & issues of the English monarchs from Iulius Cæsar, to our most gracious soueraigne King Iames. by Iohn Speed. Speed, John, 1552?-1629.; Schweitzer, Christoph, wood-engraver. 1611 (1611) STC 23045; ESTC S117937 1,552,755 623

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Emperour Pius proceeded a branch of no lesse towardlinesse and fruitfulnesse Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Verus Philosophus for by so many honourable names is he remembred and although hee sprung not from Pius as from his natiue roote yet was he his adopted Sonne and graffed into his Stocke and alliance by the Marriage of his daughter Faustina Hee was the Sonne of Elius Verus who died Praetor and whose Pedigree is brought from Numa Pompilius the second King of Rome and his Mother was Domitia Camilla daughter of Claudius Tullus 3 Aurelius the Emperour following the warres against those who there reuolted was inclosed about with his Enemies called the Quadi and suffered great mortalitie both by Pestilence and much more by want of Water whereby himselfe and Host were almost consumed At which time many Christian Souldiers being in his Campe and commanded as Ionas was to call vpon their God they fell prostrate on the ground in praiers and obtained of him so plenteous a shower of raine as therewith after fiue daies extreamest drouth and thirst the whole Army was refreshed and the Quadi contrariwise by Thunder Lightning were quite dispersed and ouerthrowne 4 This wonder saith Eusebius is reported euen by those Historians who fauoured not Christianitie and the prudent Epistle of the Emperour himselfe which hee wrote to the Senate for confirmation of this miracle yet extant doth warrant the same wherupon he both mitigated the rage against Christs Professours and by testimonie of Apollinaris named that Legion of the Christians for an euerlasting remembrance The lightning Legion DEAE SVRIAE SVB CALPVRNIO AGRICOLA LEG AVG. PR PR A. LICINIVS CLEMENS PRAEF C. oH. 1. HAMMIo R. ✚ So also Lutius Verus whom this excellent Emperour had in the yeere 162. as appeareth by his Coine of Concord set in the entrance of his life elected his College in the Empire to supply the defect of merit in himselfe tooke from the Conquest of Auidius Cassius and other his Captaines in Armenia Parthia and Media the Trophies of their victories with which he filled vp his Title and adorned his Money expressed in the beginning of this Chapter 6 About these times albeit other things went not so happily with Britaine as might haue beene wished yet one felicitie then befell her which did both counteruaile her owne calamities and ouer-poize the good fortunes of all other Nations and that was the blessed rest of the Gospell of peace in this warring and vnpeaceable Kingdome a great part thereof being gouerned at that time by King Lucius surnamed Leuer-Maur For that was the policie and ancient custome of the Romans as Tacitus saith to vse euen Kings themselues for their instruments to bring the people into bondage And Antoninus Pius ending warre permitted Kingdomes to be gouerned by their owne Kings and Prouinces by their owne Comites as saith Capitolinus This King disliking the Paganisme and Idolatry of his people though as wee haue shewed among many of them the truth of Christs Doctrine was both taught and embraced euen from the first planting thereof and being incited both by the exemplary life and piety of the Christians and also by the manifest miracles wrought amongst them and encouraged moreouer by the fauourable Edicts of the Emperours in their behalfe and by the good affections and forwardnesse of their Deputies heere Trebellius and Pertinax he gaue leaue to their Religion by publike warrant and was the first Christian King in the world and Britaine the first Prouince that embraced the Gospell by publike authority as Sabellicus saith 7 This Lucius as before wee haue touched to be better furnished with Christian Lawes for himselfe and Subiects missa legatione ab Imperatore Romanorum à Papa Romano Eleutherio as Nennius saith for in this purerage the Church was so humble to vaile as farre as might be her actions in the Imperiall licence sent two learned Clerkes whose names were Eluanus and Meduuinus skilfull in the Scriptures to Eleutherius Bishop of Rome whose Reply to his most godly Demand because the fauourers of the Papall Authoritie either doe doubt it or altogether deny it I haue thought good heere verbatim to insert as I my selfe haue found it in a most ancient Manuscript amongst the authenticke Records and Constitutions of the Citie of LONDON The originall Epistle of Eleutherius Bishop of ROME vnto Lucius the first Christian King of BRITAINE 8 SCripsit Dominus Eleutherius Papa Lucio Regi Britanniae ad correctionem Regis Procerum Regni Britanniae Petistis à nobis Leges Romanas Caesaris vobis transmitti quibus in Regno Britanniae vti voluistis Leges Romanas Caesaris semper reprobare possumus Legem Dei nequaquam Suscepistis enim nuper miseratione diuina in Regno Britanniae Legem Fidem Christi Habetis penes vos in Regno vtramque Pagi●…am ex illis Dei gratia per Consilium Regni vestri sume Legem per illam de patientia vestrum rege Britanniae Regnum Vicarius verò Dei estis in Regno iuxta Prophetam Regem Domini est terra plenitudo eius orbis terrarum vniuersi qui habitant in eo Et rursum iuxta Prophetam Regem Dilexisti iustitiam o. ī ꝓp̄ 〈◊〉 te Deus Deus tuus o. l. p̄ cō cae Et rursum iuxta Prophetam Regem Deus iudicium tuum c. Non enim dixit iudicium neque iustitiam Caesaris Filij enim Regis gentes Christianae populi Regni sunt qui sub vestra protectione pace in Regno degunt consistunt iuxta Euangelium Quemadmodum gallina congregat pullos sub alis Gentes verò Regni Britanniae populi vestri sunt quos diuisos debetis in vnum ad concordiam pacem ad fidem legem Christi ad sanctam Ecclesiam congregare reuocare fouere manutenere protegere regere ab iniuriosis malitiosis ab inimicis semper defendere Vae Regno cuius Rex puer est cuius Principes manè comedunt non voco Regem propter paruam nimiam aetatem sed propter stultitiam iniquitatem insanitatem iuxta Prophetam Regem Viri sanguinum dolosi non dimidiabunt dies suos c. Per comestionem intelligimus gulam per gulam luxuriam per luxuriam omnia turpia peruersa mala iuxta Salomonem Regem In maleuolam animam non introibit sapientia nec habitabit in corpore subdito peccatis Rex dicitur à regendo non à regno Rex eris dum bene regis quod nisi feceris nomen Regis non in te constabit nomen Regis perdes quod absit Det vobis Omnipotens Deus Regnum Britanniae sic regere vt possitis cum eo regnare in aeternum cuius Vicarius est is in Regno praedicto Cui cum Patre c. The same in English POpe Eleutherius
but that they might aduance others more sauage then the former If hee were milde or inclining to truth the darts of hatred were on euery side leuelled against him as the onely Subuerter of the Britaines Estate What was pleasing or displeasing to God was all one with them sauing that the better things commonly wrought most discontent so that rightly the saying of the Prophet which was denounced vnto the people in old time might bee applied to our Countrey Yee lawlesse and corrupt children haue forsaken the Lord and prouoked vnto wrath the holy one of Israel Why should ye be smitten any more still multiplying iniquitie Euery head is sicke and euery heart is heauy from the sole of the foot vnto the crowne of the head there is nothing sound therein Thus did they all things that were contrary to their safetie as if that medicine which was bestowed by that truest Physitian of all was needlesse for the world And not onely the prophaner sort did this but also the selected flocke of the Lord and the Shepheards thereof who ought to haue giuen example to the whole people To speake of drunkennesse numbers of them lay senselesse and weltring in wine swelling with pride contention and griping enuie putting no difference in iudgement betweene good and euill insomuch that it seemeth contempt was powred forth both vpon Princes and people and all of them seduced by vanities wandred in errors and by-paths not lead in the right way When God therefore was minded to purge his Familie and to recure them thus infected with the corruptions of sinnes by heare-say only of Tribulation the winged flight of an often-tried rumour pierced the attentiue eares of all men giuing notice of their ancient Enemies ready to arriue and fully minded to destroy them vtterly and to inhabit as earst they did the whole Countrey from one end to another Yet all this could not reclaime them but like vnto mad horses which taking the bit fast betwixt their teeth runne away with their Riders so these leauing the way which leadeth narrow though it bee vnto saluation ranne at randome in the wide way of all wickednesse which leadeth directly to death Whiles therefore as Salomon saith the stubborne seruant will not bee amended with words he is scourged for a foole and feeleth not the whip for loe a pestilent contagion fell heauily vpon this foolish people which though the enemies sword was gone in short space destroied such multitudes of them that the liuing were not able to bury the dead Neither yet also were they thereby bettered that the saying of the Prophet Esay in them might be fulfilled God called them to mourning to baldnesse and sacke-cloth but behold they fell to killing of calues and to staying of Rammes loe they went to eating and drinking and said withall Let vs eat and drinke for tomorrow wee shall die And indeed the time now drew neere wherein their iniquities like as those in times past of the Amorites should come to the fulnesse And euen at that instant the like measure beganne to bee heaped vpon the Britaines 6 For the common enemie now inuading the Southerne parts was entred as farre as Stamford vpon the Riuer Welland whom to resist the Britaines assembled together and hauing experience what ciuilliarres had formerly done they iointly vnite their meanes and powers and with one consent elect a King to manage these affaires which was Vortigerne by birth extracted from the British Line nobly descended had not his many vices blemished the same The British Historie saith that hee was Earle of Cornwall and of great command in the daies of Constantine their King whose simplicitie hee much abused and whom lastly hee caused to be murdered by the Guard of his Person the Scots and Picts by him so placed and to that end instigated whom neuerthelesse with death hee seuerely punished to auoid further suspition In whose reuenge these fierce Nations so assaulted his Dominions with rape and spoile that hee was forced for further assistance to send for these Saxons to his aid Whether thus or otherwise most true it is the Saxons were sent for and of hoped Friends became the tried Enemies to the Britaines and their Estates as out of Gildas their Historian wee shall anon declare 7 The occasion and maner of this their inuiting and comming is set downe by a Countryman of their owne Witichindus a Writer of good antiquity who thus relateth the circumstance thereof Britaine saith he by Vespasian the Emperour long since being reduced among the Roman Prouinces and held in their subiection stood them in no small stead but their Legions abandoned and destinie as it seemeth determining the downfall became soone assaulted by their neighbour Nations the Northerne Borderers For the people of Rome after that the Emperor * Martiall was slaine by his Souldiers being tired out with forraine wars were not able to assist their friends with supply of accustomed aides And yet had they built a mighty peece of worke for the defence of the Country reaching betweene the confines from Sea to Sea where it was thought that the Enemies would assaile the Inhabitants left in the Land But no difficulty it was for them so fiercely bent and euer ready to make war especially where they dealt with a Nation feebled and left vnable to make resistance to destroy the said worke Therefore hearing of the worthy and fortunate exploits atchieued by the Saxons they sent an humble Embassage to require their aid and these hauing audience spake as followeth Most noble Saxons the poore and distressed Brets outworne and tired by the many incursions of their enemies hearing the fame of those victories which you haue most valiantly obtained haue sent vs. Suppliants vnto you crauing that you would not deny them your helpe and succour ☉ A large and spacious Land they haue plentifull and abundant in all things which wee yeeld wholly to bee at your deuotion and command Hitherto wee haue liued freely vnder the patronage and protection of the Romans next vnto whom wee know not any more powerfull then your selues and therefore we seeke for refuge vnder the wings of your valour So that we may by your puissance be superiour of our enemies whatsoeuer seruice you shall impose vpon vs that will we willingly abide To this petition the Peeres and Nobles of the Saxons briefly made answer in this wise Know yee that the Saxons will bee fast friends vnto the Brets and ready at all times both to assist them in their necessitie and also to procure their wealth with ioy therefore returne yee Ambassadors and with this wished-for tidings make your Countrey-men glad Heereupon according to promise an Armie sent into Britaine and ioifully receiued which in short time freed the Land frō the spoiling enemies recouered the country vnto the behoof of the Inhabitants 8 But how true this last clause is
hath beene said and of this Queene let vs heare what shee protested after her condemnation to 〈◊〉 White Bishoppe of 〈◊〉 her last Confessor and by him deliuered to a noble young Lord of her name and neere alliance Her words were these As to the Act my 〈◊〉 Lord for which I stand condemned God and his holy Angels I take to witnesse vpon my soules 〈◊〉 that I die 〈◊〉 neuer hauing so abused my Soueraignes 〈◊〉 what other sinnes and follies of youth I haue 〈◊〉 I will not excuse but 〈◊〉 assured that for these God hath brought this punishment vpon me and will 〈◊〉 his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 them for which I pray you pray with me vnto his sonne and my S●…iour Christ. 111 As these then in case of Treasons eyther acted or intended ended their liues so others in case of conscience though diuersly affected c●…e to their deathes and that by fo●…ce of the Statutes enacted vnder this King whereof one was the abolishing of the Pope and the oath of Supremacy the re●…sers of either made offenders in stare of high Treason and the other in 〈◊〉 of religion when 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Articl●… enacted by Parliament was made Heresie and death to such as held or taught the con●… which Ar●…cles were thus concluded in both the houses of Parliament with consent of the King 1 That after the words of consecration spoken by the Priest the reall and naturall body and bloud of Christ as hee was conceiued and crucified was in the Sacrament and no other substance consisting in the forme of 〈◊〉 and wi●…e besides the substance of Christ God and man 2 That the communion in both kinde was not necessarie vnto 〈◊〉 the flesh onely in forme of bread sufficient for the Laity 3 That Prie●… 〈◊〉 they haue recei●…ed ●…ders might not marry by the law of God 4 That the vowes of chastity either in 〈◊〉 or woman ought by God●… law to be 〈◊〉 and by which they are exempted from other 〈◊〉 of Christian people 5 That priu●… Masses was necess●…ry for the people and agreeable to the law of Go●… 6 That auricular confession was ●…pedient 〈◊〉 be reteined and continued 〈◊〉 the Church of God These Statutes I say aswell the one as the other brought many to their ends which otherwise were very good Subiects and worthy instruments in the common weale for offending in the first there died Bishoppe Pisher and Sir Thomas More besides many Abbots Priors and Friers and among them in Smithfield the Welsh rode set Frier Forrest on fire according to the prophecy very rife in their mouthes that this holy rode should set a whole forrest on fire For the other suffered in flames many godly Christians whereof Robert Barnes a reuerend Doctor and worthy minister of Christ the first reducer as M. Fox reporteth of the Vniuersity of Cambridge from rudenesse and barbarity vnto good literature and learning was with the first And Anne Askew a Gentlewoman of an incomparable dexterity one of the last who aboue the weakenesse of her sexe most valiantly stoode against the violence of the time 112 Her birth was worshipfull and education accordingly bestowed in marriage vnto Iohn Ky●…e a Gentleman in 〈◊〉 and commended by Bale for her rare wit and elegant beauty which her pars the pensill of N. D. with his vneuen hand euer ouerhard to shadow the truth hath slanderously blurred and measured those graces in her by his owne loose affections and those want on 〈◊〉 which in the height of sinne haue changed the naturall vse of women against nature This young heifer saith hee abiding no yoake a coy dame and of very euill fame left the company of Master Ky●…e to 〈◊〉 vp 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Gospelling and G●…ssipping where 〈◊〉 might and ought not but especially in London and 〈◊〉 the Court now shee being faire and but twenty 〈◊〉 yeers old at her death doth 〈◊〉 shew what may be suspected of her life and the mysticall speeches and demands of the Kings Co●…sell touching her departure from her 〈◊〉 were grounded vpon somewhat especially in that shee called her selfe 〈◊〉 Askew alias Ky●…e Thus 〈◊〉 this 〈◊〉 man hath accused this holy Anne by the outward appearance of her youth and beauty as holy Anne by Eli was accused of drunkennesse when her heart was most seruent in supplications to her God and his partiall pe●… made the 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 of her holy conuersation to finde out some chaffe whereof none is free nor is ●…ee to be condemned vpon the imagerie of his suspicious head who vndoubtedly would haue ●…old all if any thing could haue beene found whereas shee in the vigour of beauty and weakenesse of her Sexe 〈◊〉 the gaine-saiers of the truth with her dearest blood testifying from the Prisons her faith and constancy and from the Racke preached Christ whereon most vnhumanely and against kind shee was twice tormented and lastly sealed her 〈◊〉 in Smithfield through the 〈◊〉 of fire being borne to the place of her death in a Chaire her bones so 〈◊〉 by the R●…cke that shee could 〈◊〉 113 The 〈◊〉 N. D. whose affection to Chri●… Gospe●… 〈◊〉 to the English Crowne hath sufficiently 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to make her no 〈◊〉 and that her 〈◊〉 did demerit the Racke saith that the King himselfe commanded that torture to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with her erroneous doctrine his Court his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 daughters and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the truth tels vs that the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to racke her the second 〈◊〉 was 〈◊〉 by 〈◊〉 Lord Chancellor who did it himselfe to bee complained of to the King who immediately tooke Boate and told the whole Tragedy whereof King 〈◊〉 seemed to be sore offended for vsing a woman with such 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 had the Popes 〈◊〉 vnder the 〈◊〉 of the Church and wing of this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they 〈◊〉 not to follow the appeale of 〈◊〉 euen 〈◊〉 that slept in 〈◊〉 owne 〈◊〉 which 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Parre espoused vnto him 〈◊〉 three yeeres before and 〈◊〉 as this States intelligēcer doth confesse he meant to haue burned had he longer liued For the truth is saith hee that the Kings sickenesse and death shortly ensuing was the chiefe cause of her escape and the error of the Lord Chancellor Wriothesley who let fall out of his boso●…e the Kings hand and commission for carrying her to the Tower gaue occasion the paper found and brought her to goe and humble her selfe to the King the principal occasion against her was Heretical Books found in her closet both brought sent her by Anne Askew wherof thewitnesses were the Lady Herbert Lady Iane Lady Tyawit and others Indeed it is true that by Gods prouidence such papers were let fal out of the Lord Chancellors bosome conteining certaine Articles against her with a warrant to commit her to the Tower whereunto the Kings hand was subscribed which being found was presently brought vnto the Queene whereof the