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A34010 A systeme of anatomy, treating of the body of man, beasts, birds, fish, insects, and plants illustrated with many schemes, consisting of variety of elegant figures, drawn from the life, and engraven in seventy four folio copper-plates. And after every part of man's body hath been anatomically described, its diseases, cases, and cures are concisely exhibited. The first volume containing the parts of the lowest apartiments of the body of man and other animals, etc. / by Samuel Collins ... Collins, Samuel, 1619-1670. 1685 (1685) Wing C5387; ESTC R32546 1,820,939 1,622

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and Impregnate the next Seminal Vesicle that is disposed for Conception which swelleth as if it were after a manner Inflamed and the next deferent Vesilce groweth red and distended and the adjacent Fimbria † T. 14. p. or jagged Extremity of the Tube doth closely embrace the neighbouring part of the Testicle as with contracted Fingers This Redness Distention and tenure of the Tubes Famous Ruischius shewed publickly in a great Bellied Woman Dissected after Death at Amsterdam in the Year 1673. Three or four days after the Egg or Seminal Vesicle of the Testicle is Impregnated the Egg is invested with a Glandulous substance The Egg is loosened by a Glandulous substance by which it is loosened from the neighbouring Vesicle and exciteth the Ovary to exclude it and although in Women not with Child there appeareth no hole from the Testicle into the Tube yet in a Woman newly Impregnated Ruischius discovered an Aperture receptive of a large Pea and saw the place of the Ovary in which the Egg had been lodged after the exclusion to contain a thick spongy substance beset with fleshy Fibres This exclusion of the Egg into the Tube is the true reason as I conceive of the Nauseousness and Vomiting of Women presently after their first Conception And when the Egg is entertained into the Tube The passage is ready and easy into the Cavity of the womb except upon an ill Formation the motion of the Egg should be intercepted in the Tube which is very unkindly and may be called Conceptio Tubalis or Tubaria which is fatal to the Mother as the Foetus acquiring greater and greater Dimensions doth Lacerate the Tube and fall into the Cavity of the Belly but this unnatural Conception is very rare by reason for the most part the Egg being discharged the limits of the Ovary passeth freely down the Deferent Vessel into the bosom of the womb where the Foetus is formed and by degrees obtaineth greater and greater perfection of parts But divers Persons not well pleased with any new Discoveries how rational soever The first Rudiment of Conception is made in the Testicles do propound Objections against this plain truth of Eggs lodged and receiving the first Rudiments of Conception in the Testicles The first Objection is this That seeing the Impregnated Egg is excluded the Testicle how cometh it to be excluded which I conceive proceedeth from the Glandulous substance of the Egg immuring it immediately after Impregnation beset with fleshy Fibres contracting the Egg and softly Compressing it whereupon the Egg is gently protruded through the Aperture of the Testicle first into the Fimbria † T. 14. p. or Extremity and afterward into the body of the Tube † T. 14. l l. The second doubt propounded is The passage of the Oviducts is cepable to receive the Egg. by reason the passage of the Oviduct or Testicle is straight through which the Impregnated Egg is excluded whereupon a danger may arise of breaking the Egg To which I answer That it is first stripped of its Glandulous Coat which much lesseneth the circumference of the Egg before it passeth through the Aperture of the Ovary which being of a Membranous nature can Dilate it self to give a free egress to the Egg without Laceration of the Coat encircling the Egg after the manner of an Eggs parted from the Ovary which being received into the Extremity of the Tunnel passeth through it without any rupture of the Pellicle encompassing the Egg and is in some kind like the Foetus which passeth through a small Orifice into the more free Cavity of the Vagina Uteri A third Scruple may be raised by reason there are two Ovaries The most near Eggs to the Ovi ●uct are first impregnated therefore Twinns should be conceived but the answer is easy The Eggs of both Testicles are seldom Impregnated at the same time but now in one Testicle and then in another as the most near Egg to the extremity of the Tube is rendred fruitful and it is rare but that either there is a defect in the Seed of the Male or the Egg of the Female so that they are seldom both so well disposed as to generate Twinns which doth proceed from many Impediments of Nature either by the error of Conformation Obstruction Compression or from the distemper of the right or left Tube or Testicle which I have often seen in the dissection of Women in whom sometimes the one and other times the other hath been found to be disaffected with the Hydatides and other Diseases The fourth Objection may be this That in one Coition in Hens all the Eggs of the Ovary are made fruitful by the Cock and why by the same reason The Flexures of the Gyres of the Oviducts do somewhat hinder the quick ascent may not all the Vesicles in the Testicles be at once impregnated by Man To which it may be replied That the Structure of Parts in Birds concurreth very much to the universal making of the Eggs fruitful in Birds because the Oviducts in them is straight and more ready for the conveyance of the Spirituous parts of the Semen to the Eggs whereas the Tubes in Man are full of Gyres and Maeanders which intercept or retard at least the ascent of the subtle parts of the Masculine Genital Liquor into the Eggs lodged in the Testicles Thus in fine A humane Faetus may be formed in the Oviduct I have endeavoured to solve some Objections propoundedin disfavour of the Eggs which are first formed and impregnated in the Testicles or Ovaries whence they are thrust into the Tubes in which a Conception may be made of a humane Foetus without the Cavity of the Womb of which a memorable instance is given by de Graaf in his Treatise de Organis Mulierum and by Bonnetus Anato Pract. Lib. 3. Sect. 37. de Conceptione ex Ovo Gemellis pag. 1367. Benedictus Vassalius Chyrurgus Parisiensis aperuit die 6. Jan. 1664. Cadaver Mulieris 32. annos natae temperamento sanguineo habitu corporis satis masculo praeditae Repertae fuerunt duae Matrices singulari connexione à Natura tam bene dispositae ut vera jam undecies concepisset septem nimirum Filios quatuor Filias justo omnes tempore debitae compositionis atque habebant Fraterculum Embryonem Conceptum in Adjutorio sive adminiculo Genuini Vteri quidem in loco ad distensionem tam inepto ut Foetus grandescens decem septimanas sunestis Symptomatis Matrem exagitarit tandem trium aut quatuor Mensium factus Foetus Carcere effracto tumulum sibi paravit in ipsa Matre excitando ingens sanguinis Profluvium in universam Abdominis Cavitatem id quod tribus ultimis diebus vehementissimi Motus Convulsivi denique mors subsecuta fuit which may be thus rendred in our Mother Tongue Bennet Vassal a Parisian Chyrurgeon did open the Body of a Woman thirty two years of age endued
42. Of the Lungs of Frogs Lizards Vipers c. Page 808 Chap. 43. Of the Lungs of Insects Page 809 Chap. 44. Of the Aspera arteria or Wind-pipe Page 810 Chap. 45. Of the Larynx or head of the Windpipe Page 813 Chap. 46. Of the Windpipe of other Animals Page 816 Chap. 47. Of the Windpipe of Birds Page 817 Chap. 48. Of the Windpipe of Fish Page 819 Chap. 49. Of the Windpipe of less perfect Animals Page 820 Chap. 50. Of the Air-vessels of Plants Page 822 Chap. 51. Of Respiration Page 824 Chap. 52. Of the use of Respiration Page 835 Chap. 53. Of a Cough and Consumption Page 838 Chap. 54. Of the Pathology of the Lungs and its Cures Page 841 Chap. 55. Of the Abscess of the Lungs Page 844 Chap. 56. Of the Pthisis or Consumption Page 846 Chap. 57. Of a Cough and Consumption and their Cures Page 849 Chap. 58. Of the spitting of Blood Page 854 Chap. 59. Of an Asthma Page 858 The Contents of the Third Book consisting of Eighty four Chapters Chap. 1. OF the Face 862 Chap. 2. Of the Nose 866 Chap. 3. Of Smelling 871 Chap. 4. Of the Diseases of the Nostrils 873 Chap. 5. Of the Eyes 875 Chap. 6. Of Light in order to Seeing 890 Chap. 7. Of Seeing 895 Chap. 8. Of Diseases of the Eye-lids and their Cures 909 Chap. 9. Of the Diseases of the Glands of the Eyes and their Cures 910 Chap. 10. Of the Diseases of the Muscles of the Eyes 912 Chap. 11. Of the Diseases of the Adnata 913 Chap. 12. Of the Diseases of the Cornea and their Cures 917 Chap. 13. Of the Diseases of the Uvea and their Cures 912 Chap. 14. The Diseases of the watry Humor of the Eye and their Cures 923 Chap. 15. Of the Diseases of the Aranea and the Cristalline and Vitreous Humor and their Cures 926 Chap. 16. Of the Diseases of the Optick Nerves and the Retina and their Cures 927 Chap. 17. Of the Ear 929 Chap. 18. Of Hearing 935 Chap. 19. Of the Diseases of the Ear and its Cures 939 Chap. 20. Of the Hair 942 Chap. 21. Of the Feathers of Birds 945 Chap. 22. Of the Scales of Fish 949 Chap. 23. Of the Hair of Insects 951 Chap. 24. Of the Pericranium 959 Chap. 26. Of the Scull 955 Chap. 27. Of the Sculs of Beasts 966 Chap. 28. Of the Sculs of Birds 968 Chap. 29. Of the Sculs of Fish 970 Chap. 30. Of the Diseases of the Scull and their Cures 973 Chap. 31. Of the Dura Menynx 979 Chap. 32. Of the Pia Mater 986 Chap. 33. Of the Pathology of the Membranes of the Brain 990 Chap. 34. Of the Origen of the Brain 993 Chap. 35. Of the Fabrick and Substance of the Brain 994 Chap. 36. Of the Cortex of the Brain 997 Chap. 37. Of the Animal Liquor 1001 Chap. 38. Of the Animal Spirits 1004 Chap. 39. Of the Corpus callosum 1008 Chap. 40 Of the Ventricles of the Brain 1009 Chap. 41. Of the Choroeidal Plex 1012 Chap. 42. Of the Fornix 1014 Chap. 43. Of the Corpora striata 1015 Chap. 44. Of the Medulla oblongata 1017 Chap. 45. Of the Glandula Pinealis 1020 Chap. 46. De Infundibulo 1022 Chap. 47. De Glandula Pituitaria 1024 Chap. 48. De Rete Mirabili 1027 Chap. 49. De Cerebello 1029 Chap. 50. The Cerebellum of a Man and other Animals 1037 Chap. 51. Of Nerves arising from the Brain within the Scull 1039 Chap. 52. Of Olfactory Nerves of other Animals 1042 Chap. 53. Of the optick Nerves of Man and other Animals 1045 Chap. 54. Of the Motory and pathetick Nerves of the Eyes 1047 Chap. 55. Of the Eighth Ninth and Tenth pair of Nerves and the accessory Nerve 1050 Chap. 56. Of the manner of Sensation 1054 Chap. 57. Of the Chine 1059 Chap. 58. Of the Medulla Spinalis or Pith of the Back 1070 Chap. 59. Of the Nerves sprouting out of the Medulla Spinalis 1079 Chap. 60. Of the Nervous Liquor 1084 Chap. 61. Of the Brain of Beasts 1092 Chap. 62. Of the Brain of Birds 1099 Chap. 63. Of the Brain of Fish 1108 Chap. 64. Of Sleepy Diseases 1125 Chap. 65. Of the Vertigo or Meagrum 1135 Chap. 66. Of the Delirium and Phrenitis 1138 Chap. 67. Of Melancholy 1146 Chap. 68. Of a Mania or Madness 1156 Chap. 69. Of Stupidity and Mopishness 1165 Chap. 70. Of Convulsions and Convulsive Motions 1171 Chap. 71. Of the Falling Sickness 1175 Chap. 72. Of Convulsive Motions of Children 1185 Chap. 73. Of the Palsey 1191 Chap. 77. Of the Scurvey 1202 Chap. 78. Of Osteology 1212 Chap. 79. Of Bones of the upper Jawe 1223 Chap. 80. Of the lower Jawe 1228 Chap. 81. Of the Bones of the Scapula Shoulder or Arms c. 1231 Chap. 82. Of the Clavicle Sternon and Ribs 1244 Chap. 83. Of the Os Innominatum Thigh-bone c. 1251 Chap. 84. Of the Bones of the Thigh Leg c. 1255 DIVERS HYPOTHESES RELATING TO Natural and Experimental PHILOSOPHY Explicatory of several Terms and Notions used in the Subsequent Anatomical Disquisitions CHAP. I. Of the Parts and Dispositions of Humane Bodies described Mechanically under General and Particular Notions CIties have their Suburbs Houses their Porticos Vestments their Fringes Musick its Preludes Plays their Prologues Books their Prefaces Discourses their Prolegomena which are duly premised as fit Preambles to usher them in with the greater advantage of Order and Decorum Truth the end of all our Studies and Learning Truth to which we aspire in a most curious search as perfective of our Understanding is a Divine Ray enlightning our better parts at our First Creation The nature of Simple Verity All Entities in their Transcendental Capacities being so many Emanations holding Conformity with that most Heavenly mind as being several Copies of that great Original The nature of Compound Verity And all truth of Enunciation is founded in simple verity in being represented to our Understanding as truly conformable to the nature of things of which it is a resemblance to our Conceptions The nature of Sciences And all Sciences being of eternal Truth or constituted by abstracted Notions as Universals denuded by our subtle apprehensions from material Circumstances with which all singulars do exist The origen of Sciences is deduced from experience and all Universals in them as Fundamentals Upon which account all Intellectual Knowledg being originally Empirical borroweth its first rise from the ministery of the Senses because all Sciences consist of many Systems made up of Principles and Theorems as so many deductions from sensible things and the most true and clear Philosophy is experimental as confirmed by the plain suffrages and evident testimonies of our Senses Whereupon Anatomy is most assistant to propagate and refine Natural Philosophy Anatomy propagates and refineth Natural Philosophy by making inspection into the inward recesses of Humane Bodies and of other Animals to pry into the great secrets of Nature speaking the
Arterious Venous and Splenick Vessels displaying many Branches in their Progress Wherefore it being a sanction of Nature to conjoin Membranes first above their origen to each other except where some important cause interposeth therefore it s most suitable to Reason that the Exterior Region of the Caul should be continued to the Posterior as to its Original which could not be well accomplished unless they had been united to each other in the bottom commonly seated near the Navil to which the lower Membrane of the Caul is first Expanded and then taketh its retrograde progress upward and so may be stiled the origen of the Superior Membrane which terminateth in the bottom of the Stomach Liver and adjacent parts So that the continuation of the Posterior Membrane of the Caul from the upper Abdominal Plex to the Navil and from thence to the bottom of the Ventricle being taken out of the Body and parted doth resemble a kind of Hawking-Bag from its round Circumference in the first entrance of it Learned Fabricius ab Aquapendente The use of the Caul as Aquapendente conceiveth is to assist the digestion of the Stomach by enclosing the Steams of it within its Membranes assigneth divers uses of the Cavity intervening the Anterior and Posterior Membrane of the Caul one of them is this That the Steams of the Ventricle being confined within the inclosures of the Membranes might not Evaporate which would advance the concoction of Aliment as this Learned Author imagineth But this may seem improbable because the warm vapours may easily be discharged by the Pylorus before they can have a reception between the Duplicature of the Membranes into which if these fumes should be admitted they would be soon breathed out through the Minute Perforations of the Coat of the Caul Another use of this Cavity seated between these Membranes The second use assigned by Aquapendente is to contain Recrements within its Leaves propounded by this great Author is to lodg Recrements between the Leaves of the Caul which would be very prejudicial to Nature except she had instituted an Excretory Duct to discharge them which cannot be discovered The third use assigned by this Skilful Anatomist The third use as Aquapendente conceiveth it to be a seat of Hypocondriacal vapours is to be a seat of Hypochondriack Flatulency which he endeavoureth to make clear by the croaking sounds occasioned by Wind squeesed up and down within the narrow confines of the Coats of the Caul which being pervious in many places cannot contain those fine fluid Particles of Hypochondriacal Wind. And as to those various murmurs of Wind they are produced within the cavities of the Ventricle and Intestines which may be Experimented in a dead Body opened full of Wind which being forced up and down by Reciprocal Motions through the Cavities of the Guts and Stomach will from those ill tuned uncouth sounds Ingenious Riolan is of an opinion Riolan's Opinion that it is possible to form a speech in the Belly That it is possible to form a Speech in the Belly and from its inward Recesses to impart the more remote Sentiments of the Mind which he conceiveth may be performed by an Artificial Collision of the Flatus lodged between the Coats of the Caul and then to be formed into Words consisting in the Articulation of Sounds which cannot be modlelled but by an Arbitrary Motion of Muscles consigned to the Formation of Words which are no where to be found but in the Laryn I confess it is possible to find Inarticulate sounds in the Stomach and Intestines which casually proceed from the protrusion of Wind floating up and down the Cavities of the Ventricle and Guts which are not any ways accommodated with Organs for the Articulation of Sounds It may be if not more easie to speak through the lowest Intestines by Articulate Sounds which may seem someway to be regulated by the Sphincter Muscles but this way of Speaking is as ridiculous as unnatural and void of all Sense and Reason as that of the Belly and no way worth the Mention or Contrivance of so Learned an Author And now it may be expected afterward we have not approved the Uses of the Cavity interceding the Coats of the Caul some other should be assigned by reason Nature hath appointed a use of all parts she hath formed She having like a wise Architect contrived nothing in vain and therefore this Cavity which is rather a Conception then Truth is nothing else but a result of the Coats parted one from another when taken out of the Body in which they are closely continued one to another The Vessels of Arteries Veins and Nerves conveyed by the Caul to the Viscera Nature being sollicitous to form those Membranes to be Repositories of Arteries Veins Nerves by whose mediation they are conveyed to the Ventricle Liver Splene Pancreas and Colon and by whose Connexion they are secured in their proper stations lest they should be entangled with each other and violate the Functions of the adjacent parts and the motion of the Stomach and Intestines and intercept the passage of the Alimentary Liquor into the Milky Vessels and the evacuation of the gross Faeces through the greater Cavities of the Intestines CHAP. XXXI The Pathologie of the Caul THe Pathologie of the Caul The Caul is liable to Inflammations Abscesses Ulcers Steatomes Scirrhus and Dropsies is occasioned upon many accounts because it is an inward Integument of a curious Structure made up of various parts as it hath been discoursed of Coats Membranous Cells Adipose Ducts Arteries Veins Lacteous Vessels Glands and I conceive Lymphaeducts too as their attendants Whereupon this choice covering of the Intestines is rendred obnoxious to divers Diseases Inflammations Abscesses Ulcers Steatomes and Scirrhous Tumours and Dropsies As to Inflammations Inflammation of the Caul is derived from Blood extravasated in its substance they may proceed originally from an Exuberant Mass of Blood stagnant produced by the large Ramifications of Fat compressing the neighbouring Sanguiducts with which they associate so that their Cavities are lessened and the Circulation of the Blood rendred slow whereupon the Vital Liquor groweth gross and being impelled into the Interstices of the Vessels relating to the Caul An Abscess floweth from the serous part of the Blood turned into purulent Matter and produceth an Ulcer by its corrosive quality cannot afterward be received into the Minute Orifices of the Veins straightned in gross Persons by the adjacent Membranous Cells highly stuffed with Fat whence ariseth an inflammation of the Caul caused by too great a plenty of Blood lodged in the substance of the Caul which seeing it hath lost its Motion as not capable to be returned by proper Vessels toward the Heart the Serous and Nutricious parts of the Blood are turned into Purulent Matter producing an Abscess which corrodeth the tender frame of the Caul and maketh an Efflux of corrupt Matter into the Cavity of the Belly rendring
upon their Hands and Feet as Bruits upon their fore and hinder Feet were they not supported and kept upright by others and taught to go in an erect posture In this second period of Generation The Similar parts are first formed and afterward Dissimilar the Architectonick Power doth exert many acts one after another the Similar being first formed as subservient to the production of Dissimilar parts which do proceed from a clammy Albuminous Matter and do alter in Consistence and Colour as they arrive to higher degrees of perfection And Similar parts begin in softness as prevous to greater solidity as they are first formed Membranous and then Cartilaginous and afterward Bony and those parts which first appeared Similar as of one Consistence are afterward distinguished and being conjoined by the interposition of fine thin Membranes do constitute Organick parts which being united by a mutual continuation do form the whole Body In like manner the thicker Cover encircling the Brain The Skull is first Membranous and afterward Cartilaginous and last of all Bony is of a Membranous soft nature and after acquiring a greater Consistence is made Cartilaginous and last of all is Concreted into a Bony Substance commonly called the Skull and after the same manner the Albuminous Liquor being of a soft fluid nature is turned into the more solid substance of Muscles Ligaments and Tendons and the Brian and Cerebellum are out of a clear transparent Liquor Concreted into a white Curd-like substance In the third period of Generation after the Delineation of the Body The third period of Generation the Viscera are formed at one and the same time Viz. the Liver Lungs Cone of the Heart Kidneys Stomach and Intestines These Viscera do accresce to the Veins as so many Appendages of them and they first appear arayed in white and clammy till they are made fit to be Colatories of the Blood The Stomach and Guts being very slender in their first formation seem to be white Filaments running in many Gyres all along the lowest Apartiment to the Anus and about the same time the Mouth and Gulet are framed and one continued Duct reacheth from the entrance of the mouth to the Anus and immediately after the parts of Generation the Penis and Testes and all the parts belonging to them are formed The Viscera and Intestines are not yet wholly immured within the bosom of the middle and lowest apartiment of the Body The lower apartiment lieth open as being at first void of Integuments but may be discovered without any Dissection as not being encircled with the common integuments as so many walls of the Trunk and Belly So that the Viscera and Guts are Pendulous as appendant to the Vessels to which they are affixed and look like a House unwalled in some places by reason the Thorax and lowest Venter are destitute of the anterior parts of the Sternon and Abdomen The Sternon being formed The Heart and Lungs at length are enclosed within the Sternon the Heart and Lungs are safely lodged within the walled Cavity of the Thorax Afterward the Liver Stomach and Guts are encircled within the soft enclosures of the Hypocondres and the Epigastrick and Hypogastrick region In this order all the inward parts are delineated in the several apartiments of the Body The Viscera are formed in the second third and fourth Month. in which in the second third and fourth Months the Heart Lungs Kidneys Spleen Stomach and Intestines first receive a rough draught and afterward obtain a more perfect substance figure and colour which is white at first and after groweth red as the Vessels are more replenished with Purple Liquor The Umbilical Arteries are formed after the Veins The Umbilical Arteries cannot be seen in the first Month. and can scarce be discerned in the first Month and take their rise from the branches of the Crural Arteries which Learned Harvey believeth not to be formed before the production of Limbs in which they have their Origens but the Umbilical Veins saith this worthy Author were very Conspicuous before the Delineation of the Body In the second Month for in the first no formed Conception appeareth may be discovered an Oval body much resembling a Pidgeons or Partridges Egg without a Shell immured with a thick Membrane No formed Conception appeareth in the first Month. An Oval body without a Shell may be seen in the second Month. which I apprehend to be the Chorion faced with a white viscide Liquor chiefly found in the more obtuse extremity of the Egg which being opened an Albuminous Liquor gusheth out lately lodged in the Cavity of the Coats encircling the Conception In the latter end of the second Month In the latter end of the second Month the Egg acquireth greater dimensions and a rough draught of parts appeareth the Egg acquireth greater dimensions which hath been often seen upon Abortions and is sometimes broken and othertimes cometh whole out of the Uterus and its surface is besmeared with bloody particles in the Egg being opened sometimes may be discerned the delineation of a Foetus and other times a minute red Vesicle or point of Blood which I have seen in Abortions seated in the center of the Albuminous Colliquated Liquor Toward the close of this Month the Conception resembleth a Goose Egg in size and shape in which a Foetus appeareth having its parts Delineated in a rough form viz. the Head the Eyes and short Limbs without any formation of Muscles and Bones of which the rough Draught the white Membranes or tender Cartilages may be discerned as also the white substance of the Heart hollowed into two Ventricles of like greatness and thickness terminating into a double Cone like twins of Nuts growing together Parvos nucleos gemellos diceres as my most worthy Friend Learned Sir George Ente ingeniously phraseth it in his most elegant Translation of Dr. Harvey's Book de Generatione Animalium In this Abortion the Liver was very small clothed in white array and yet no appearance of any Secundine or After-burden as it is vulgarly called In all Conceptions excluded the Womb by Abortion may be clearly seen a thick Membrane encompassing a Crystalline Transparent Liquor in which the small Embryo swimmeth as in a lake of Succus Nutricius which some of the Antients have taken for Urine or Sweat but in truth as this more Learned Age and chiefly Dr. Harvey hath discovered is the nourishment of the Foetus taken into the Mouth first and afterward transmitted by the Gulet into the Stomach And in a Conception of three Months Existence The first three Months the Egg is not affixed to the Womb. no part of it can be discerned to be affixed to the Womb which is performed by the mediation of the Placenta which is not formed till the fourth Month in the third may be discovered only in the more blunt part of the Egg a kind of roughness proceeding from a mucous Matter