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truth_n	common_a	zeal_n	zealous_a	13	3	8.3702	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A47947	Il cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa, or, The history of the cardinals of the Roman Church from the time of their first creation, to the election of the present Pope, Clement the Ninth, with a full account of his conclave, in three parts / written in Italian by the author of the Nipotismo di Roma ; and faithfully Englished by G.H.; Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa. English	Leti, Gregorio, 1630-1701.; G. H.	1670 (1670)	Wing L1330; ESTC R2263	502,829	344

Roman Court not only Bishopricks and Masterships but even Cardinalships too But those Missionaries who have wit in their heads and zeal in their hearts go in another road and do things with more maturity of judgement For remedy of such disorders as these 't were fit some persons of authority had inspection into the promoting of Religion otherwise the ordinary Clergymen either through ignorance passion or humour spoil all break a sunder what ought to be joyn'd together and joyn what ought to be separated and bring things into confusion and ruine The Roman Church having resolv'd to assume to its self both a Spiritual and a Temporal Dominion and to make Cardinals precede Princes and Priests Magistrates hath thought fit for the more easie preservation of its Grandeur that not only the Cardinals but the Priests too should keep up a certain Majesty and eminent decorum which intention been so diligently pursu'd that they run even into excess without which excess I believe things would not proceed so agreeably to their humour On the other side the Protestants that is to say the Ministers and Ecclesiastical Pastors for the better preserving their Religion in its due decorum are contented to live with modesty suitable to their Pastoral Charge that is to administer the Sacraments to Preach to visit the Sick to instruct the people in the power of the H. Scripture referring Command Authority Temporal Dominion and even the Protection of Religion to the secular arm of Magistrates and Princes and teaching all to know by proofs both Holy and Political the Preheminence of the Majesty of Soveraigns above the Jurisdiction Ecclesiastical and the obligation incumbent upon Ecclesiasticks to obey the Temporal Power And indeed the Protestant Religion flourishes more and shines with more decency in those places where the Magistrates and Secular Governours have their eyes most open over the people taking cognisance of their actions not only so far as concerns the duty of a Subject towards his Prince but also in reference to Spiritual matters and this not only by the assistance of the Pastors but also by their own proper office which suffers not any to exercise their Spiritual Function but by derivative power from the Magistrate as he that is chosen by God to preside in the midst of his people to the end they may not run headlong without such a stay and guide into irremediable and dangerous errors The Magistrates and Princes study and endeavour as much as possibly to advance their Soveraignty more and more above the Jurisdiction of Churchmen but these aware of the design which might prejudice their independency are not asleep in the mean time but strive not only to preserve but likewise to promote their jurisdiction beyond what they have already if it be possible and they would effect it did not Princes and Magistrates make use of Policy whereby without prejudicing the Church's Interests they restrain the ambition which in these dayes seems natural to all the Churchmen of the world to say no more The Ecclesiasticks who take it in disdain when they see Magistrates intermeddle with their Assemblies the Elections to Spiritual Charges and the Orders of Spiritual Functions have no reason at all to complain of a thing so reasonable because to speak truth Churchmen are in these dayes so farr respected by the people as the Magistrates cause them to be respected by their secular power and the people are so farr inflam'd with zeal for their own Religion as they see the Magistrate zealous for it and the preservation of the Common Liberty For my part I firmly believe there can be no better course to destroy the Protestant Religion than to sow discord between the Clergy and the Magistrate and to bring it to pass that the Ecclesiasticks not contented with the degree and limits of their proper charge may rise against the Princes and Governours an instance whereof is to be seen in a certain Kingdom which perhaps bewails the effects of that Policy even to this day But the thing were impossible in these times inasmuch as the Magistrates well aware of the project have provided remedies against it in such sort that the Churchmen glory in their Loyalty and Obedience towards them if for no other reason yet at least to avoid the involving of Religion in some Schism or other and the bringing of themselves into a Labyrinth hard to get out of without first undergoing the consequences wont to arrive upon civil broils In short the Roman Religion continues such as it is that is good for the Church-men and bad for the Laity on this account that the Ecclesiasticks make use of an absolute and independent authority in Spirituals and very much likewise in Temporals and on the contrary the Protestant Religion is so far Protestant as the Magistrates have the supremacy both in Spirituals and Temporals If Liberty of Conscience which is so much talk'd of amongst the Protestants and the principal point of the Reformation should any wise come to be molested by the Supreme Authority upon the Ecclesiasticks ambition and invasion of the same there would no longer be a Liberty but a Slavery for People seeing themselves commanded by the Ecclesiasticks would think their Consciences enslav'd and not free it being proper to Churchmen to proceed with too much Zeal or too much Ambition and to be displeas'd when they see that they are not obey'd like Angels although in their commanding they remember not that themselves are but men And indeed the Protestants desire to serve God not according to the Orders and Precepts of men but according to the Divine Laws registred in the H. Scripture which they daily read in their Assemblies publick and private and therefore they reverence their Ministers as men who are contented to preach without commanding The Protestants doubt I conceive lest the Ecclesiasticks being addicted to study and speculation in case the Supreme Authority should be united in them they would reverse the old Model which is Christs and impose a new one upon them of their own and of a plain Ecclesiastical Ordinance make a new Divine Precept and therefore they are very well pleas'd to see the Magistrate use such great care and diligence for the preservation of that Religion which they pretend to be of Divine Institution without any additions of humane invention although the Catholicks accuse them of pinning their Faith upon Luther and Calvin which is false for neither Luther not Calvin instituted any new Religion The Catholick Religion or rather the Roman as we call it in the Primitive times when the piety of Pastors was as conspicuous to their Flock as the Sun went almost in the same order whilst the Emperors manag'd Ecclesiastical Elections and the Magistrates not only preceeded the Churchmen but besides in case of deficience oblig'd them to their duty and constrain'd them to be diligent in feeding the flock of Christ with Charity yea they permitted them not to exercise any publick Function but

hoping he will do them some important service as well because he is born their Subject as because he has a particular inclination for them He is a person of good qualities liberal of his promises generous to a certain proportion for he loves not to cast away too much of his own affable benigne and of such a Majesty as appears pride outwardly but in effect is no such thing INNICO CARACCIOLI a Neapolitane although he is descended of a Noble house and the chief of Nido in Naples he was forc'd for all that to dig his fortunes from under-ground that is to say to acquire the reputation of the Prelacy by buying of offices and by his courtesie and obsequiousness obliging this Popeling sometimes and sometimes that He is of a nature to dissemble very well and like a true Neapolitane entertards the fury of his heart and the ebullition of his bloud with a counterfeit medesty and goodness From hence it is some men conceive him a person of an unsetled head capriccious and giddy and indeed he will talk sometime of this thing and sometimes of that sometimes of the reformation sometimes of the decorum of the Church now he defends its frailties anon he would be Pope and reform them Others will have him as honest and as able as his age will bear but be it one way or the other this is most certain he has a heart of Steel cover'd over with Gold that in case of necessity would be able to withstand all the comminations and violences of other people and with humility make his arguments prevail inspight of all their contradictions The Chigi had alwayes an affection for him and held him imploy'd in many businesses of trust till at last Alexander towards his latter end either to recompence so deserving a person or to have the office of Auditor di Camera void again created him Cardinal and gave him the Cap with his own hands the 16 of March 1667. injoyning him earnestly to hold fair correspondency with Cardinal Chigi his Nephew who treated him at his Pallace that day at dinner with great magnificence He seems to be more inclin'd to the service of Spain than the other Neapolitane Cardinals and Subjects of that Crown have formerly been and indeed the Spaniards reckon him in the number of their Confidents though to his great dissatisfaction they trust him not as they ought to do But many are of opinion that he is not of an humour to continue long in that correspondence with the Spaniards because he is suppos'd to be of the nature of the late Cardinal Filomarino that had a perfect hatred for the Ministers of Spain and as great an affection for the King towards whom he carry'd himself with the greatest humility but to his Ministers with the greatest pride Some say 't is better to treat with him now he is a Cardinal than it was before when he was but Auditor di Camera He was then an exactor of certain punctilioes but now he shews great ripeness and dexterity in the Congregations perhaps with design to advance himself higher yet when his years will make him capable He has Kindred good store but being all of them persons of quality they do not trouble him however he does not fail to assist them that are of the Church He loves the divertisement of Comedies and such other recreations but so as to give no scandal as much as he can GIO. DELFINI a Venetian has alwayes express'd himself a good Prelate and maintain'd the Ecclesiastical habit with great Decorum in so much as that Republique taking notice of his merits having a convenient occasion they recommended him to Pope Alexander who was resolv'd to do that honour to those Princes who had for a long time a right of nominating one of their Subjects as well as any of the Crowns For this reason resolving not to fail in a business of that consequence amongst the rest that were recommended he chose Monsignor Delfini and created him Cardinal with the rest that were recommended by the Crowns in March 1667. his Holiness having dispatch'd Monsignor Falconieri his Chamberlain of Honour to present him with the Cap whose arrival was celebrated with the publique solemnity of Fire-works Balls and Festivals for three dayes together particularly the House of Delfini that is of the antientest Nobility made great expression of their joy by their charity to the poor and their Fountains running with Wine to give the people entertainment though to speak the truth the Venetians are too near the Water to be much given to Wine The Republique of Venice according to their usual generosity order'd him six thousand Ducats as they are wont to give every Cardinal of that Nation as soon as they are promoted towards their expences and to put them into an Equipage proportionable to their Dignity He has as yet no great reputation at Court but he may in a short time having a particular way of civility whereby he obliges all such as have any affairs with him and he has already shewn such manifest tokens of it in some of the Congregations that he has discover'd himself to be much more capable than the common sort of Cardinals do imagine He has declar'd that he will keep fair correspondence with all the Ministers that are resident in Rome provided the interest of his Country obliges him not to the contrary for to speak truth he bears as cordial an affection to his Country as can be expected from the best of Subjects postponing his private interest to the publique service of the Senate though he be not quite void of affection to his own Amongst his other virtues the modesty of his language is such he suffers not himself to be transported to any body GVIDO BALDO DE TVN a German and Archbishop of Salsburg was made Cardinal at the instance of the Emperor and by him dispatch'd with all speed to Rome to be present at the Conclave to fortifie the Spanish interest in the election of a new Pope The Duke Altemps invited him to take his Lodgings in his Palace but he excus'd himself upon pretence that he desir'd rather to lodge in the German Colledge where he had been sometimes a Student and had given hopes of those excellent qualities which he discover'd more plainly after he had taken the Ecclesiastical habit upon him by restraining himself as much as possibly he could from giving any publique scandal The people of his Diocess hold him very honest an excellent Pastor and one that leaves no stone unturn'd that may make his Clergy serviceable and assiduous in the Divine Worship The Emperor caresses him very much as a person of desert and as a person of Estate his Treasure being so vast that upon an exigence he can furnish him abundantly not by way of Benevolence but Loan The greatest defect the Germans observe in him is his Covetousness adhering with great affection to his own interests yet for all that it cannot be said

the 5th Torres Mondovi Santi Quattro and Castagna created by Gregory the 13th The same day the Cardinals enter'd into the Conclave they swore to the observation of certain decrees resolv'd by them in the Congregation and a while after the friends of Cardinal Cesis began their practises with more fury than fruit Cardinal San Sisto opposing them publickly After that there were some endeavours for Sirletto Cardinal Medici and Altemps using all their art in his behalf but 't was impossible he was presently excluded Farnese Este and Sforza declaring against him Sirletto being excluded as a person improper for the management of affairs though otherwise of great learning San Sisto attempted for Cardinal Castagna his Creature and a person certainly of very great worth but all the antient Cardinals were against him as being one of the last Cardinals that were created Farnese also and Savelli were mention'd but in vain they finding great obstacles too but especially Savelli who was reputed a person of too Majestick a nature and rigid to excess In the mean time Cardinal Este Medici and Alexandrino being agreed privately concluded to make Montalto Pope who being look'd upon by all people as a person affectionate bountiful learned quiet and one zealous in the service of God they thought he would meet with little opposition especially there being none that gave the Cardinals so much honour as he reputing himself inferiour to them all and that so much that he oftentimes suffered himself to be call'd Asino della Marca by pretending either not to understand or not to regard and this happen'd in the Congregations by reason he never contended with any one to establish his own opinion but alwayes commended the opinions of other people Este Medici and Alexandrino went one night to Montalto's Chamber where they found him a bed pretending himself as careless and indifferent as if there were not another person with him in the Conclave being enter'd they told him they came to give him notice of their resolution to make him Pope the next morning betimes Montalto reply'd Me Pope a poor old man full of infirmities how can I think of the Papacy who have scarce time to consider of my death so short do I look upon my days and so grievons my distempers The three Cardinals as it were by consent told him that God would give him life and strength for the well Government of the Church To which Montalto reply'd with a sickly and weak voice That he would never have accepted so great a charge as the Papacy was if their most illustrious Lordships did not first promise to assist him with their vertue and experience confessing his own faculties very unable for the government of the Church without their help and assistance These words inflam'd the desires of these Cardinals to hasten the exa●tation of Montalto concluding they should at their pleasure command both Church and Court 100 as soon as he was received to the Papacy and they were the more confident because they knew he had but two Nephews sons to a Sister of his call'd Camilla w●o were young and inexperient in all kind of Politicks and learning San Sisto understanding the practice of Montalto and knowing the animos●ty he had born towards Gregory his Unkle he had thoughts of opposing him but he was overcome by the perswasions of the three Cardinals aforesaid and concur'd with them So that on Wednesday the 24th of April after thirteen days vacancy of the See by common consent they chose him Pope who call'd himself Sisto in complacency to Cardinal San Sisto as some suppose but the truth is it was to renew the memory of Sista the 4th who was a Fryer of the same Conventual Order of Francisc●ns which he was of The Cardinals Este Medici and Alexandrino were ready to bi●e their thumbs repenting very much that they had made a Pope who declar'd as soon as he was as●●m'd that he had no need of Companions in the Government and drove them all three out of Rome Five years and four months Sextus reigned in an absolute Monarchical way and with a Majesty much contrary to the humility he pretended when he was a Cardinal and with a manner so austere he was a terrour to the remotest of his Enemies he dy'd of a Malignant Feaver the 27 of August at night in the year 1590. His Ex 〈…〉 ies of nine days being over and the usual solemnities performed on Friday the 7th o● September 54 Cardinals enter'd the Conclave divided into several factions but particularly under these three heads Montalto who commanded the Creatures of Sextus his Unkle Sforza who conducted Gregory the 13th's Creatures and the Cardinal Ascanio Colonna who had twelve Cardinals of several places at his devotion For six days together Montalto and Ascanio Colonna us'd all their art to make Marco Antonio Colonna Pope who was a Cardinal of great worth and signal ver●●e against whom Sforza and Borromeo oppos'd themselves with such violence that all the friends of Colonna despair'd of his success However Montalto being incourag'd by his Creatures resolv'd to persist and tire out the Cardinals with the tediousness of the Conclave rather than recede one step from his resolution although the Spaniards declar'd themselves averse who exhorting him to name some other person could get no answer but this that when he should see the interests of Colonna desperate he would throw himself upon his knees before the Image of the Holy Ghost and would draw lots as it were for a Cardinal to name These passages being related to Cardinal Marco Antonio Colonna he went to Montalto and told him that it was not suitable to the mind of a Christian to let the Church continue in her Widdowhood for his sake or that he should go about to obtrude a Pastor upon the Flock of Christ adding other reasons also which so wrought upon Montalto that he became inclinable to favour the interest of San Marcello a Cardinal of Genoa call'd Gio. Battisto Castagna which designs were laid by Cardinal Sforza and the other Genoese Cardinals who had got 25 votes to whom Montalto being joyn'd they publish'd all night long San Marcello to be Pope and on the next morning the 15 of Sept. being Sunday the Scrutiny was made in which all the votes were in his favour he being made Pope 18 dayes after the vacancy of the See and interrogated about his name declar'd he would be call'd Vrban the 7th But here we must not omit the opinion Sextus the 5th had alwayes that the Cardinal Castagna was to succeed him in the Papacy and many times he gave him a hint thereof amongst the rest going with the said Cardinal to see a Street which he had order'd to be made from Santa Maria Maggiore to Trinita de Monti and I know not how much beyond turning to San Marcello he told him in the presence of several Prelats This way is begun by us but will be finish●d by you Another time not long