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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
truth_n cold_a sun_n zone_n 13 3 12.6712 5 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A29001 New experiments and observations touching cold, or, An experimental history of cold begun to which are added an examen of antiperistasis and an examen of Mr. Hobs's doctrine about cold / by the Honorable Robert Boyle ... ; whereunto is annexed An account of freezing, brought in to the Royal Society by the learned Dr. C. Merret ... Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.; Merret, Christopher, 1614-1695. Account of freezing. 1665 (1665) Wing B3996; ESTC R16750 359,023 1,010

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that_o treat_v of_o ice_n yet_o two_o or_o three_o notable_a instance_n which_o we_o do_v not_o elsewhere_o mention_v it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o deliver_v in_o this_o place_n 7._o the_o first_o declare_v that_o notwithstanding_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o inside_n of_o a_o man_n mouth_n his_o spittle_n may_v be_v freeze_v even_o there_o the_o 27._o of_o september_n they_o be_v the_o word_n of_o gerat_fw-la 491._o de_fw-fr veer_v it_o blow_v hard_a north-east_n and_o it_o freeze_v so_o hard_o that_o as_o we_o put_v a_o nail_n into_o our_o mouth_n as_o when_o man_n work_v carpenter_n work_v they_o use_v to_o do_v there_o will_v ice_n hang_v thereon_o when_o we_o take_v it_o out_o again_o and_o make_v the_o blood_n follow_v the_o like_a relation_n if_o i_o misremember_v not_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o in_o a_o modern_a english_a navigator_n and_o it_o be_v very_o little_a if_o at_o all_o more_o strange_a than_o what_o be_v affirm_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n ambassador_n to_o the_o russian_a emperor_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o winter_n say_v doctor_n fletcher_n speak_v of_o muscovia_n if_o you_o hold_v a_o pewter_n dish_n or_o pot_n in_o your_o hand_n or_o any_o other_o metal_n except_o in_o some_o chamber_n where_o their_o warm_a stove_n be_v your_o finger_n will_v stick_v fast_o to_o it_o and_o draw_v off_o the_o skin_n at_o the_o part_n 8._o the_o other_o instance_n i_o intend_v to_o mention_v be_v this_o that_o though_o macrobius_n and_o other_o learned_a man_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a will_v not_o allow_v salt_n water_n to_o be_v congealable_a yet_o the_o dutch_a at_o nova_n zembla_n relate_v that_o even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o september_n and_o a_o the_o marginal_a note_n say_v in_o a_o night_n it_o freeze_v two_o inch_n thick_a in_o the_o salt_n water_n 491._o 9_o as_o to_o the_o effect_n of_o violent_a cold_n upon_o the_o earth_n what_o they_o will_v prove_v upon_o pure_a and_o elementary_a earth_n if_o any_o such_o there_o be_v i_o can_v but_o conjecture_v but_o as_o for_o that_o impure_a or_o mingle_a earth_n which_o we_o common_o tread_v on_o the_o effect_n of_o extreme_a cold_a upon_o that_o may_v be_v very_o notable_a for_o olearius_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1634._o the_o cold_a be_v so_o bitter_a at_o musco_n that_o in_o the_o great_a marketplace_n he_o see_v the_o ground_n open_v by_o it_o so_o that_o there_o be_v make_v a_o cleave_v of_o many_o yard_n long_o and_o a_o foot_n broad_a and_n the_o present_a great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n physician_n be_v ask_v by_o i_o concern_v the_o truth_n of_o such_o relation_n answer_v i_o that_o he_o himself_o have_v in_o those_o part_n see_v the_o ground_n reduce_v by_o the_o cold_a to_o gape_v so_o wide_a that_o a_o child_n head_n may_v well_o have_v be_v put_v into_o the_o cleave_a 10._o it_o be_v somewhat_o strange_a that_o the_o violent_a heat_n of_o summer_n and_o the_o extreme_a cold_a of_o winter_n shall_v both_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v in_o the_o ground_n the_o like_a effect_n but_o whether_o to_o make_v these_o gape_a chink_n that_o we_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n be_v first_o freeze_v be_v afterward_o break_a by_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o moist_a earth_n underneath_o to_o which_o the_o cold_a at_o length_n pierce_v and_o congeal_v it_o make_v it_o swell_v and_o heave_v and_o so_o burst_v or_o cleave_v the_o hard_a and_o freeze_a crust_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o can_v sufficient_o yield_v to_o it_o whether_o this_o i_o say_v may_v produce_v the_o cleft_n we_o be_v speak_v of_o or_o whether_o they_o must_v be_v derive_v from_o some_o other_o cause_n not_o have_v yet_o make_v the_o experiment_n i_o think_v upon_o to_o clear_v the_o matter_n one_o way_n or_o other_o i_o do_v not_o as_o yet_o pretend_v to_o determine_v but_o will_v rather_o subjoin_v the_o second_o observation_n i_o purpose_v to_o mention_v of_o a_o strange_a operation_n of_o cold_a upon_o the_o ground_n and_o it_o be_v afford_v we_o by_o the_o dutch_a in_o their_o often_o quote_v three_o voyage_n to_o nova_n zembla_n in_o one_o place_n of_o which_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o when_o they_o have_v build_v they_o a_o wooden_a house_n and_o be_v go_v to_o 491._o shut_v themselves_o up_o in_o it_o for_o the_o winter_n they_o make_v a_o great_a fire_n without_o the_o house_n therewith_o to_o thaw_v the_o ground_n that_o they_o may_v so_o lay_v it_o viz._n the_o wood_n about_o the_o house_n that_o it_o may_v be_v the_o close_o but_o it_o be_v all_o lose_a labour_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o hard_o and_o freeze_v so_o deep_a into_o the_o ground_n that_o they_o can_v not_o thaw_v it_o and_o it_o will_v have_v cost_v they_o too_o much_o wood_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v off_o that_o labour_n 11._o after_o what_o we_o have_v say_v about_o the_o strange_a effect_n of_o cold_a in_o reference_n to_o fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n we_o will_v now_o proceed_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o its_o effect_n upon_o confess_o compound_a body_n whether_o inanimate_a or_o live_a but_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n of_o mix_v body_n i_o mean_v those_o that_o have_v not_o life_n it_o will_v not_o be_v necessary_a to_o say_v much_o in_o this_o section_n in_o regard_n that_o we_o have_v in_o many_o other_o place_n upon_o several_a occasion_n have_v opportunity_n to_o mention_v already_o most_o of_o the_o particular_n that_o belong_v to_o that_o head_n for_o we_o elsewhere_o take_v notice_n that_o violent_a cold_n will_v freeze_v beer_n ale_n vinegar_n oil_n common_a wine_n and_o even_o sack_n and_o alicant_n themselves_o we_o have_v likewise_o note_v that_o the_o cold_a may_v have_v a_o notable_a operation_n upon_o wood_n brick_n stone_n vessel_n of_o glass_n earth_n and_o even_o pewter_n and_o iron_n themselves_o to_o which_o bartholinus_n out_o of_o janus_n munck_n voyage_n to_o greenland_n allow_v we_o to_o add_v vessel_n of_o brass_n though_o 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but_o scarce_o credible_a that_o though_o the_o cold_a have_v such_o strange_a and_o tragical_a effect_n at_o musco_n and_o elsewhere_o in_o cold_a country_n as_o we_o have_v former_o mention_v especial_o a_o little_a after_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o 18._o and_o somewhere_o in_o the_o 19_o section_n yet_o this_o happen_v to_o the_o russian_n and_o livonian_o themselves_z who_o not_o only_o by_o live_v in_o such_o a_o country_n must_v be_v accustom_v to_o bitter_a cold_n but_o who_o to_o harden_v themselves_o to_o the_o cold_a have_v use_v themselves_o and_o thereby_o bring_v themselves_o to_o be_v able_a to_o pass_v to_o a_o great_a degree_n of_o cold_a from_o no_o less_o a_o degree_n of_o heat_n without_o any_o visible_a prejudice_n to_o their_o health_n for_o i_o remember_v that_o have_v inquire_v of_o a_o virtuoso_fw-la of_o unquestionable_a credit_n whether_o the_o report_n of_o our_o merchant_n concern_v this_o strange_a custom_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o livonian_o be_v 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in_o which_o this_o may_v probable_o have_v impose_v upon_o he_o that_o perform_v the_o experiment_n a_o company_n of_o his_o scholar_n while_o they_o stand_v round_o about_o his_o thermoscope_n and_o stoop_v as_o in_o likelihood_n their_o curiosity_n make_v they_o to_o do_v to_o see_v by_o so_o dim_a a_o light_a the_o event_n of_o the_o experiment_n the_o unheeded_a warmth_n of_o their_o breath_n and_o body_n may_v unaware_o to_o sanctorius_n somewhat_o affect_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o weatherglass_n and_o by_o 〈◊〉_d it_o cause_n that_o depression_n of_o the_o water_n which_o he_o ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n beam_n but_o because_o this_o be_v a_o conjecture_n i_o intend_v if_o god_n permit_v to_o repeat_v the_o experiment_n when_o i_o shall_v have_v opportunity_n to_o do_v with_o a_o more_o tender_a weatherglass_n than_o i_o have_v by_o i_o when_o i_o make_v my_o former_a observation_n to_o the_o xi_o title_n by_o the_o unsuccesfulness_n of_o the_o former_a attempt_n make_v with_o a_o iron_n instrument_n i_o be_v invite_v especial_o be_v at_o another_o place_n where_o i_o be_v unfurnish_a with_o such_o hollow_a iron_n ball_n as_o be_v mention_v num._n the_o 10._o to_o substitute_v the_o follow_a experiment_n i_o cause_v a_o skilful_a smith_n to_o take_v a_o pistol_n barrel_n guess_v to_o be_v of_o about_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o of_o a_o proportionable_a bore_n and_o when_o he_o have_v by_o rivet_v in_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n exact_o stop_v the_o touchhole_n i_o cause_v he_o to_o fit_a to_o the_o nose_n of_o the_o barrel_n a_o screw_n to_o go_v as_o close_o as_o well_o he_o can_v make_v it_o and_o then_o have_v fill_v it_o to_o the_o very_a top_n with_o water_n i_o cause_v the_o screw_n to_o be_v thrust_v in_o which_o can_v not_o be_v do_v without_o the_o effusion_n of_o some_o of_o the_o water_n as_o forcible_o as_o the_o party_n i_o employ_v be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o that_o the_o water_n dilate_v by_o congelation_n may_v not_o either_o drive_v out_o the_o screw_n or_o get_v between_o it_o and_o the_o top_n of_o the_o barrel_n and_o have_v then_o suspend_v this_o barrel_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n in_o the_o free_a air_n in_o a_o very_a cold_a 〈◊〉_d which_o then_o unexpected_o happen_v and_o give_v i_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o make_v the_o trial_n i_o find_v the_o next_o morning_n that_o the_o 〈◊〉_d water_n have_v thrust_v out_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o screw_n notwithstanding_o that_o to_o fill_v up_o interval_n i_o have_v oil_v it_o before_o and_o be_v get_v out_o betwixt_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o it_o and_o the_o barrel_n as_o appear_v by_o some_o ice_n that_o be_v get_v out_o and_o stick_v round_o about_o the_o screw_n wherefore_o the_o bitter_a cold_a continue_v one_o day_n long_o i_o do_v the_o next_o night_n cause_n the_o interval_n that_o may_v be_v leave_v betwixt_o the_o male_a and_o female_a screw_n to_o be_v fill_v up_o with_o melt_a bee_n wax_v which_o i_o presume_v will_v keep_v the_o screw_n 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shall_v have_v make_v more_o trial_n at_o least_o if_o not_o also_o more_o satisfactory_a one_o if_o i_o can_v have_v have_v fish_n and_o vessel_n and_o cold_a weather_n at_o command_n but_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n though_o the_o tradition_n we_o have_v be_v examine_v may_v perhaps_o have_v some_o thing_n of_o truth_n in_o it_o yet_o it_o seem_v to_o deserve_v to_o be_v further_o inquire_v into_o both_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o death_n of_o fish_n in_o freeze_a pond_n and_o river_n and_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o cause_n whereto_o that_o effect_n be_v impute_v i_o meet_v with_o a_o odd_a passage_n in_o captain_n james_n voyage_n which_o if_o it_o have_v be_v circumstantial_o enough_o set_v down_o may_v prove_v of_o moment_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v and_o unfrozen_a and_o therefore_o though_o i_o will_v not_o build_v any_o thing_n on_o it_o yet_o i_o shall_v not_o omit_v it_o the_o 82._o nine_o say_v he_o we_o hoist_v out_o our_o beer_n and_o cydar_n and_o make_v a_o raft_n of_o it_o fasten_v it_o to_o our_o shore-anchor_n the_o beer_n and_o cydar_n sink_v present_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v nothing_o strange_a to_o we_o for_o that_o any_o wood_n or_o pipe-stave_n that_o have_v lie_v under_o the_o ice_n all_o winter_n will_v also_o sink_v down_o so_o soon_o as_o ever_o it_o be_v heave_v over_o board_n about_o the_o duration_n of_o ice_n i_o forget_v through_o haste_n to_o add_v a_o relation_n of_o capt._n james_n whereby_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o though_o wine_n abound_v with_o very_o spirituous_a and_o nimble_a part_n whence_o it_o resist_v congelation_n far_o more_o than_o water_n yet_o if_o even_o this_o liquor_n come_v once_o to_o be_v congeal_v the_o ice_n make_v of_o it_o may_v be_v very_o durable_a for_o he_o set_v down_o in_o his_o journal_n that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o his_o ship_n again_o he_o find_v a_o but_o of_o wine_n that_o have_v be_v all_o the_o winter_n in_o the_o upper_a deck_n to_o continue_v as_o yet_o all_o firm_a freeze_a though_o 47._o it_o be_v then_o the_o month_n of_o may._n when_o i_o treat_v of_o the_o great_a proportion_n in_o some_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o be_v aground_o instead_o of_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n mention_v by_o gerard_n de_fw-fr veer_v to_o be_v 52._o fathom_n deep_a the_o passage_n that_o be_v to_o be_v transcribe_v be_v this_o other_o hard_a by_o which_o contain_v two_o example_n of_o tower_n of_o ice_n where_o the_o extant_a part_n reach_v upward_o more_o than_o half_a as_o much_o as_o the_o immersed_a part_n reach_v downward_o we_o see_v say_v he_o another_o 487_o great_a piece_n of_o ice_n not_o far_o from_o we_o lie_v fast_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v as_o sharp_a above_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o tower_n whereunto_o we_o row_v and_o cast_v out_o our_o lead_n we_o find_v that_o it_o lay_v 20._o fathom_n fast_o on_o the_o ground_n under_o the_o water_n 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the_o snow_n which_o all_o the_o winter_n time_n be_v spread_v over_o the_o whole_a country_n as_o a_o white_a robe_n and_o keep_v it_o warm_a from_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o frost_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n wax_v warm_a and_o dissolve_v it_o into_o water_n do_v so_o thorough_o drench_v and_o soak_v the_o ground_n that_o it_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o slight_a and_o sandymold_n and_o then_o shine_v so_o hot_o upon_o it_o again_o that_o it_o draw_v the_o herb_n and_o plant_n forth_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n as_o we_o make_v some_o trial_n to_o discover_v whether_o congelation_n will_v destroy_v or_o considerable_o alter_v the_o odour_n of_o body_n so_o we_o have_v the_o like_a curiosity_n in_o reference_n to_o divers_a other_o quality_n not_o only_o those_o that_o be_v repute_v manifest_a as_o colour_n and_o taste_v the_o latter_a of_o which_o we_o sometime_o find_v to_o be_v notable_o change_v for_o the_o worse_a in_o flesh_n congeal_v but_o also_o those_o that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v occult_a and_o among_o the_o quality_n of_o this_o sort_n i_o have_v particular_o a_o mind_n to_o try_v whether_o the_o purge_a faculty_n of_o cathartic_o will_v be_v advance_v or_o impair_v or_o destroy_v by_o congelation_n and_o for_o this_o purpose_n i_o cause_v to_o be_v expose_v thereunto_o divers_a purge_v liquor_n some_o of_o a_o more_o benign_a and_o some_o of_o a_o brisk_a nature_n and_o that_o in_o differ_v form_n as_o of_o syrup_n decoction_n infusion_n etc._n etc._n but_o for_o want_v of_o opportunity_n to_o try_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n what_o change_v the_o cold_a have_v make_v in_o the_o purge_a liquor_n it_o have_v congeal_v i_o be_v unable_a to_o give_v myself_o a_o account_n of_o the_o success_n of_o such_o experiment_n only_o since_o in_o some_o of_o these_o trial_n i_o have_v a_o care_n to_o make_v use_n of_o cathartick_a liquor_n prepare_v by_o fermentation_n which_o way_n of_o prepare_v they_o be_v itself_o a_o thing_n i_o elsewhere_o take_v notice_n of_o as_o not_o unworthy_a to_o be_v prosecute_v i_o shall_v add_v on_o this_o occasion_n that_o fermentation_n be_v so_o noble_a and_o important_a a_o subject_n that_o the_o influence_n of_o cold_a upon_o it_o may_v deserve_v a_o particular_a inquiry_n and_o i_o be_o invite_v to_o think_v that_o that_o influence_n may_v be_v very_o considerable_a partly_o by_o my_o have_v observe_v upon_o a_o trial_n purposely_o make_v both_o that_o raisin_n and_o water_n with_o which_o i_o be_v use_v to_o make_v artificial_a wine_n do_v not_o in_o many_o day_n while_o the_o weather_n be_v very_o frosty_a so_o much_o as_o manifest_o begin_v to_o ferment_n though_o the_o water_n be_v keep_v fluid_a and_o partly_o by_o my_o have_v observe_v that_o beer_n will_v continue_v as_o it_o be_v new_a and_o be_v keep_v from_o be_v as_o they_o call_v it_o ready_a to_o drink_v much_o long_a than_o one_o will_v ready_o suspect_v if_o very_o frosty_a weather_n supervene_v before_o it_o have_v quite_o finish_v its_o fermentation_n insomuch_o that_o a_o experience_a person_n of_o who_o i_o afterward_o inquire_v about_o this_o matter_n assure_v i_o that_o beer_n not_o due_o ripe_a will_v not_o sometime_o in_o five_o or_o six_o week_n of_o very_o frosty_a weather_n be_v bring_v to_o be_v as_o ripe_a as_o in_o one_o week_n of_o warm_a and_o friendly_a weather_n but_o we_o have_v a_o noble_a instance_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n if_o that_o be_v true_a which_o i_o learn_v from_o a_o intelligent_a frenchman_n who_o i_o consult_v about_o this_o matter_n for_o according_a to_o this_o experience_a person_n the_o way_n to_o keep_v wine_n in_o the_o must_v in_o which_o state_n its_o sweetness_n make_v it_o desire_v by_o many_o be_v to_o take_v new_o express_v juice_n of_o grape_n and_o have_v turn_v it_o up_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o work_v to_o let_v down_o the_o vessel_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v very_o careful_o close_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o deep_a well_o or_o river_n for_o six_o or_o eight_o week_n during_o which_o time_n the_o liquor_n will_v be_v so_o well_o settle_v if_o i_o may_v so_o speak_v in_o the_o constitution_n it_o have_v so_o long_o obtain_v that_o afterward_o it_o may_v be_v keep_v in_o almost_o the_o same_o state_n and_o for_o divers_a month_n continue_v a_o sweet_a and_o not_o yet_o ferment_v liquor_n which_o some_o in_o imitation_n of_o the_o french_a and_o latin_n call_v in_o one_o word_n must._n and_o how_o by_o the_o help_n of_o cold_a well_o apply_v some_o other_o juice_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o work_v early_o and_o to_o be_v thereby_o soon_o spoil_v may_v be_v long_o keep_v from_o work_v the_o reader_n may_v perchance_o learn_v in_o