and Orders for the better reglement of the whole as they did whilst the Churches were in small particular Congregations or Cities in a Jewish or Gentile State And yet all Laws are presumed to be made by universal and common consent in which regard the Churches have been enforced to have as well Churches as Bodies Politick Representative and in as much when partly by the Supineness and inadvertency of the Brethren without foresight of any Peril or Incroachment upon their Rights and Powers by the Clergy and partly by the dexterity and usurpation of the then degenerating Clergy designing to advance themselves by ingrossing all Powers and Revenues to themselves not by any right derived to them by any Gospel precept the practise and custome injuriously enough to the Laity and consequently to the Church of God in the truest sence began soon to admit none but Clergy and Church men only as Members of the Body ecclesiastick or Church representative The name of the Church hath by such their wiles been in a manner appropriated and monopolized to the Clergy or Church-men only when in truth the Church in its truest and Scripture sence consisting of Laity and Clergy can have no representative of both which only makes the Church compleat except both have their peculiar Representatives in Councils Synods Convocations c. whether Provincial National or Oecumenical This Doctrine of which more hereafter though never so demonstrable and obvious to every understanding was so bitter a Pill that it could by no means be swallowed at Trent and therefore in the Consults and Discourses concerning the very title of that Council concerning which there were very great Debates and Disputes the Bishop of Feltre would not have it Christened Ecumenical and general least the Protestants should from thence argumentize that some of every Order of the universal Church ought to be present which because it consists of Clergy and Laity it cannot intirely and compleatly be represented if the Laity be excluded But on the contrary the Bishop of St. Mark did as erroneously as magisterially affirm that the Laicks were most improperly called the Church and that for that very reason it was very requisite to use the title that the Synod representeth the Church universal to make the Laity be understood that they are not the Church but ought to hearken unto and obey the Church which in Romish dialect is nought else but the Pope by which it is apparent that if packt Synods canonize us out of the Church to day they may canonize us out of our Christian names to morrow and out of our Christianity the next day But of this more hereafter when the Clergy and Laity shall be more fully discoursed Yet by the favour of the great Bishop of St. Mark nay by the favour of the Council of Trent it self in the beginning it was no so for in the Council of the Apostles and a more early and more Authentick could not be and which ought to be a Rule and Pattern the decree was not made by the Apostles alone but the Epistle was entituled with the names of the 3 degrees assisting in that Congregation viz. Apostles Elders and Brothers and Peter esteemed and stiled by the Romanists Princeps Apostolorum by the Popes good leave was included in the first without Prerogative though not always Sans reprimand by which it is apparent that the assembling of a whole Church to handle the Name of God the Disputes about Doctrine and Discipline is a thing most profitable used by the Holy Apostles in the choice of Matthias and the 7 Deacons with which the Diocesan Councils have great resemblance But of the meeting of Christians from many remote places to consult together the forementioned place 15. Act. is a famous example when Paul and Barnab as with others of Syria met with the Apostles and other Disciples in Jerusalem who were assembled about the question of keeping the Law By all which it is manifest that in the beginning of Christianity the Churches were Democratically Governed by a kind of Common Council as St. Jerome and others do confess but as the Ecclesiasticks by insensible gradations got Reputation and Power so they endeavoured a Monarchical Regiment which in tract of time they instituted and got to be established giving all the Superintendency to the Bishops whom all Orders of the Church did obey The neighbouring Bishops whose Churches were under one jurisdiction had likewise their commerce and communion and did govern themselves also as it were in common by Synods attributing much to the Bishop of the most Principal City ordaining him as it were the Head or Governour of that Body and in process of time by a more ample communion which all the Provinces of one Jurisdiction or larger Government held together the Bishop of the City where the Prince did reside gained a kind of Superiority or rather Priority by custom not by any right The more chief Jurisdictions were the imperial City of Rome with its neighbouring Cities Alexandria which governed Aegypt Lybia and Pentapolis Antioch for Syria and other Provinces of the East There were other lesser Jurisdictions wherein the same was observed This Government being at first meerly prudential introduced and approved only by Custom was afterwards established by the first Council of Nice Can. 6. under Constantine and ordained by a Canon that it should continue yet withal it did ordain that those many Honorable preheminences which the Bishop of Hierusalem had should be continued unto him Cant. 7. yet so that nothing should be taken from the dignity of the Metropolitan then Bishop of Caesaria This Government which hath been ever held in all the Churches of the East was altered in the Latine not without great endeavours to make all other Churches stoop to the Lure and submit to the Will and Pleasure of the Bishop of Rome After that it pleased God to give peace to the Christians and that the Roman Emperors received the Holy Faith there then happening more difficulties in Doctrine and Discipline which did disturb the publick Peace and quiet another sort of Episcopal Assemblies had beginning congregated by Princes or their Lieutenants to remedy their troubles these Assemblies were guided and governed by those Princes and Magistrates yet so that the decision of the principal matters for which the Council was congregated was left to the common opinion of the Assembly After the Eastern and Western Empires were divided there remained still in the West some Marks of the Antient Councils and many were celebrated in France and Germany under the Posterity of Charles the Great and not a few in Spain under the Kings of the Gothes At last Princes being absolutely debarred to intermeddle in Ecclesiastical matters that kind of Council grew in disuse and that alone remained which was called by the Ecclesiasticks themselves the Convocation of which Provincial Councils was almost wholly ingrossed and usurped by the Pope by intruding and sending his Legats to be Presidents
his Cause that he prohibited a Treatise of Gerson's that had been printed above 100 years before and many other Books by Name then printed and all other Writings which should be made against his Interdict against the Venetians O! much many ways First It had the Fate of all such dishonourable and disingenuous Practices Effects contrary to expectation viz. that the most understanding persons did from such a practice conclude that Reason could not stand nor be on their side who would not suffer the Reasons on both sides to be made manifest and come to the Lydius lapis the Test of right Reason It was also judged marvellous strange that all Writings which might be made were prohibited which was to prejudge before they knew or could understand as if endued with the Spirit of Pithon or of Prophecy they did foresee that men could write nothing on their side that could abide the touch or the light or else that they were such Plenipotentiaries as that they had full Authority to extinguish indifferently the good with the evil Preposterous ways and therefore that wise Republick deem'd it more for their honour and justification and advantage not to imitate his Holiness nor the Advisoes of his sacred Conclave in that which they reprehended in them and therefore they permitted to print and read who would that thereby appealing unto all the World all the World might see on their part that nothing was palliated or disguised and that they did not distrust the judgment of the Universe on what they had done and this was done like a State full of Gravity and full of Wisdom Full contrary did those magnificent Cardinals Bellarmine Baronius and Colonna act whilst they imployed all their Wits and Learning not only to blot out those Hand-writings that were and would have made against them but by pitiful Sophistry and Querks to raise a dust or mist in the minds of their Readers by their own Writings to disguise and obscure the Truth that it might not be discovered nor ever come clearly to the Test and what honour they atchieved thereby Historians are full and such Fates commonly attend such pitiful Policies and Practices The truth is every Government is or ought to be such as to be above all little dirty Intrigues and this is no great one Nitimur in vetitum Books like Poma Adami the more forbidden the more desired it being ever suspected in such Cases that some Truths lye therein hidden which if discovered would fly in the faces of such Opponents as subtlely endeavour to trample them under foot besides such licensed Books are but the language of the present Times and have their Vicissitudes and alternate Fates We have experienced it in our own days and times when Episcopacy was to be pulled up root and branch then forsooth all Presses ought to be open and free it was the Peoples Birth-right and priviledge and the dawning of the day of Truth appearing after the Sun had gone down upon our Prophets and the day had been dark over them for some years past But no sooner had they unmitred the Prelates and minced Episcopacy as small as Herbs to the Pot that every Priest might be a Prelate in his several Parish under another title and vizard but that the old Acts were new broacht and trumpt up again March 2. 1642. and the freedom of the Press must be beleagured with a Committee forsooth of Examinations and a Commission of twenty and learning to her old Barnacles again This device was first set on foot by Antichristian mystery and design to smother Light and Truth that the Contrivers might the more cleverly set up the Kingdom of Antichrist in Cimerian darkness of ignorance and if it were possible to hinder all reformations of their Lives and Doctrines and to insinuate and establish Falshood Turkish policy To uphold their Aleoran they prohibit Learning and Printing worthy of Romish not Protestant Imitation Protestants need it not Truth which is their Shield and Buckler is as strong as the Almighty Magna enim veritas praevalebit Who ever knew her put to the worse Let Truth and Error enter like fair Combatants and Wrestlers into the Lists confuting by dint of Reason is the only Cornish Hug that can lay flat It is Error not Truth that stands in need of such lame Crutches write that write will Licensing or not Licensing may make Truth more or less visible or diffusive but not less victorious Contraria juxta se posita magis elucescunt Rectum est Index sui obliqui the crookedness of Error will the more appear if once brought to the light and true Rule Why are we then so be-Jesuited seeing by locking up the Press Truth is much more likely to be supprest then Falshood and Error The great and usual Clamour and Out-cry against the Liberty of the Press is that it encourageth Libellers against Kingdoms States and men in Authority If they characterize and represent falsly it is then a Libel and a Crime to be and may be punished by the Judges If they despise Dominion and wrong fully speak evil of Dignities quā tales it is a Crime of the same nature But if publication or declaration of Truths shall be esteemed Libels there 's no Law no Logick nor yet Divinity for that Nay it is derogatory even to the God of Truth Go tell Judah of her sins and Israel of her transgression If Ahab and his Fathers house trouble Israel it 's no crime for Elijah to tell him so nor in Nathan to say unto David Thou art the man And the prophane Prophets of Israel must be prophesied against All Governments were instituted by God for the good of the governed and it is not Libelling to tell them so Forbidding publication of Books without an Imprimatur first obtained is to make the Licensers Judges of all Truths and Opinions and it's odds that they will let nothing pass but what is calculated and fitted to their own Interest and the Interest and Genius of the present Times And is not this a Crime of the same nature with the Indices expurgatorii which all honest wise and pious men abhor It is at best but an oblique Art servant only to Times Parties and Interests destructive to Learning and Ingenuity to suppress Monuments of Reason used by their Adversaries on whose side happily Truth is The more noble and warrantable way is to abandon all such little and disingenuous Tricks and Devices and labour by all holy means and endeavours to suppress Vice To punish and discountenance sin and sinners is more glorious before God and man then to padlock Presses it being a shrewd sign that Truth is not on their side that suppress the adverse Reasons Truth is able to justifie it self and acquire its own glory and reward of Ingenuity and Christian Simplicity when suppressing or expunging betrays that we either distrust God for the maintenance of his own Truths or that we distrust the Cause or our selves
to the judgments of their Auditors and I never heard that Protestant Divines did ever pretend to greater Abilities than they had or to any Infallibility and if we poor Laicks should not be left to our own free judgments and examinations what better choice can we make than to philip Cross or Pile whether to be Prelate Presbyter Independant Quaker or Phanatick Protestant or Papist Turk or Jew Wherefore hath God differenced us from Bruits by giving us light of Reason and of Conscience if others must have the guidance and custody of them and we be led Captive by the Reason and Conscience of other men We ought no more to rely on another man's light of Reason or of Conscience than on another man's eyes to see or legs to walk withall This were but to put a Cheat upon our selves and to cast the care of our Faith and Religion upon others as if not worthy our own care or concern or as if we be seduced they not we were to answer for it God's Precepts were not given to Popes Prelates Priests Councils Synods or particular Churches or to great Clarks only but to every Individual and every man ought to act according as he is perswaded in his own Heart we are Disciples only not Slaves Besides are not Laicks Priests also Is it not Gospel He hath made us Kings and Priests to God and his Father Rev. 1.6 and for certain the Holy Ghost and Learning are not the Clergies Peculiar § As to the Romish Clergy I have much more to say unto them not expecting any just or fair dealing from them for that they have treated us far worse than the Aegyptians did the Israelites for they held them in Bondage but four hundred and thirty years but the Roman Pontiffs have evilly treated us more than that time twice told treated us indeed after a very strange rate as if we could not tell ten or as if we did not know our right hands from our left Treated us as the Philistines did Sampson put out our eyes and then make sport with us our understandings must be captivated to the Popes bare ipse dixit whether with or against Reason or Scripture or indeed against our very Sences and we must be content to be led blindfold into the Abyss of ignorance and destruction where Abbaddon reigns and made believe it is our happiness so to be as if ignorance in good earnest were the Mother of Devotion Dominus Deus noster Papa like God on mount Sinai thundring out his Interdicts that none presume to go up into the Mount nor yet to touch but the border of it not so much as to peep into the Scripture without leave forsooth least we be shot thro with the dart of Ex-communication or drawn into the Inquisition tho all Scripture was given indifferently to all Men by Christ and his Apostles as their only Patent and Evidence for their Inheritance reserved for them in Heaven and is in its own nature profitable for Doctrine for Reproof for Correction for Instruction for Righteousness 2 Tim. 3.10 and tho we are commanded to search them for that in them we have eternal Life 5 John 39. But this ought to be no wonderment to any that they who have kept us blindfold so long should yet desire to keep us hood-winkt still Heroick and publick spirited minds tho long plaid upon and abus'd with shadow of Reason and usurped Powers will at length find words and reasons to ease and right themselves Every Man is too apt to indulge his own fancy and opinions yea and intitle God and his Word to the favouring of them also we shall be all saved or damned according to what our selves not what our Priests do believe and practise Publick refutation of errors tho long received and tho contrary to the design and interest of some and those no small ones hath in its own nature more of Candour and sweetness than of Gall and ought so to be esteemed He doth too proudly scorn his own imperfections and corrupted nature that blusheth to think that he can err and as they betray too much selfishness and weakness who dare not write or speak Truth so do they much more that for ends not good are afraid that Truth should come to light Nature hath not left the most beautiful flesh and blood without some moles some blemishes The Church on Earth tho lovely yet is not without her Naevi some blackness with her oomeliness and to flatter her Children in them is worse than to write a Satyr against them As Revenge is not more due to any Injuries than unto those that are committed against the Church so no Benefits are more valuable than those that are done unto the Church In all Writings great care ought to be taken to write nothing that might give offence nor to omit any thing that can be said in defence of Truth without suffering our Pens to run riot in any thing which by interpretation might be drawn into offence altho the malicious subtilties and prevaricating Wits of some hath made it appear that there can be nothing so moderately spoken which is not subject to depraved expositions My main design is to discover Truth sine formidine oppositi without respect or dread of any interest or party Amicus Praesul Amicus Presbyter Amicus Independens sed magis amica Veritas I am not ignorant how imprudent it is to disoblige or anger great Men or any Party or indeed any number of men I have tasted of that sowr grape already tho by endeavors only to find out Truth by discoursing of it but that Spirit is wretchedly mean that dares not write or speak Truth without a sneaking and pitiful Apology If we had those hungring thirsting and most ardent affections to all sincere uncorrupted and heavenly Truths which are proportional to that Spirit of Christ which is or ought to be in us there would not be such bitter Contests and Animosities as are amongst us for trivials things rather respecting Interest and Domination than the sincere Word of Truth which adds value and honor to every Asserter thereof but receives no value from any Man I have endeavoured quantum in me to do that right to all Perswasions as to urge what may most conduce to the making good of the same and what their cause will rationally bear and that in terms plain and perspicuous without School-tricks If I have missed of my aim the Reason is at hand Bernardus non vidit omnia no more Oraculous or infallible than themselves They that see best see at best but thro a Glass darkly even the Scribes the Wise and the Disputers of this World are many times both far from Certainty and far from Truth and no wonder Hath not God made foolish the wisdom of this World 1 Cor. 1.20 Elias cum venerit solvit dubia THE SUMME Of Mr. J. M. His TREATISE MR J. M. in his Treatise of Civil Power in Ecclesiastical Causes denies the
and Judicature one of the other is not denied by any Protestant Divines that I know of and it is or ought to be as little gain-said that it could not then be otherwise And why Christ knew that the Messengers which he sent to gather a People to himself out of Saracens and Insidels Jews and Gentiles by perswasive means only were to build up his Church within the Bosom of Kingdoms which were and would continue avowed Enemies to his Gospel every where for a long time then to come And therefore he gave them such Doctrines and such Commissions for Doctrine and Discipline as they might any where publish and exercise in a quiet and peaceable manner the Subjects of no Common-wealth being any where therein concerned in goods or person by vertue of that spiritual regiment whereunto Christian Religion once embraced did make them lyable And indeed if they had not a Government within themselves they could have none at all concerning Christian Religion For Princes and all Nations were then professed and bitter enemies to Christian Religion which Government did also extend it self unto small matters even such as were otherwise impleadable and remediable in the Civil Courts and Judicatures of the Kingdome or State though heathenish wherein and under whom they lived as Subjects Dare any of you saith St. Paul having a matter against another go to law before the unjust and not before the Saints do ye not know that the Saints shall judge the world and if the world shall be judged by you are ye unworthy to judge the smallest matters 1 Cor. 6.1 2. So that upon the whole matter the Sum total of Religion that Christ committed to his Apostles and they to their successors consisted in the Doctrin and Discipline thereof viz. to preach him and him crucified and to perswade others to become Christians through the belief of one Lord one Faith and one Baptisme and when once admitted by the door of Baptism into the Christian Church then to become and to be accounted Members of the visible Church Christian As for Discipine that concerns moral righteousness and honesty of life and their contraries unrighteousness and dishonesty and therefore Christ gave them this General Precept viz. to love one another even our neighbours as our selves and if any did transgress the Vertues and Laws which belong unto moral righteousness and honesty of life which are not proper and peculiar unto Christian men as Christians but as Men what then the transgressors were first privatly to be admonished if the offence were private those that sinned openly were to be rebuked openly if they did not then repent and amend then to be admonished by two or three if still they remained incorrigible then to acquaint that Congregation of Christian Brethren of which they were Members and if still they continued refractory after private and publick Admonitions Warnings and Prayers then not to own them as Brethren nor to keep company with them with such no not to eat with them and in the end to pursue them as if Publicans and Heathens as not being worthy of the Name and Profession of Christians which they had put on they not living to the adorning but to the shame of the Gospel And this is the sum of the whol Government or Discipline which Christ after the death of the Apostles who having gifts extraordinary had also powers extraordinary which died with them left to his Church for ought appears by any Scripture extant And what need of more For if the Ministers of the everlasting Gospel have liberty to Instruct break Bread Baptize and Pray the Civil Christian Magistrat hath sufficient power by Gods own Ordinance to order all the rest § To me indeed it seems marvelous nay monstrous that out of so plain so intelligible so easily practicable directions for the Government of Christian Churches that so various so meerly wordly and pompous nay imperious and impious forms of Church Government should be drawn into use as have been hundreds of years practised both in the Eastern and Western Empires and all held forth to be according to the Gospel when in truth they all differ from the true Gospel Discipline as far as the East is from the West they being all degenerated into meer worldly forms set up for meer worldly self-ends and interests If any man can more plainly make out any other form from the Gospel it would be a favour my self I must confess to be Impar Negotio it is past my understanding Indeed to me it seems wonderful whilst I consider that though Histories are ful and plain how and when the several forms crept in and got Accruments partly by the supineness and negligence of the Brethren of their own Rights and Priviledges partly by the craft and subtlety of proud covetous and ambitious Clergy and partly by the carelesness of Princes who not willing to trouble themselves with the care of Religion devolved it upon others that they should yet endeavour to keep us hoodwinkt though they know that our eyes are now open If there be any other Gospel-form of Government let it plainly appear without offering violence to any Texts of Scripture if not why should we be wiser than Christ our Head and Lawgiver God only is truth and all men are subject to errors what remains but that all his Servants and more especially the Priests of the most high God whose lips above others should more especially preserve knowledg do abandon humane errors and fals superstructures and keep the praecepts of God only that they may remain stedfast in the truth only § Some are of opinion that there is no need at all of any Ecclesiastical Government as distinct from the Civil if Christian and Orthodox and if there be that yet the Body of the Church is to govern it self and not the Clergie or Officers the Body they are to teach them their duty but the provisionary coercive and executive power is seated in the Body and not in the Pope or Presbyter I know the grand objection against Independency is that it is destructive to Government and tends to Anarchy a meer slander rather than a just objection for if rightly considered it would be found the least Chagreen to any Civil Government of any Ecclesiastical Government at this very day in use in any Nation and if not mistaken I have Christ who was the Wisdom of the Father and his Apostles to justify me herein For the Government that is herein stated may be exercised under any Government how averse soever to Christianity it self without clashing or interfeering therewith And if Christ left no other Government as for certain he did not why should we pretend to be wiser than Christ himself The same was exercised by the Apostles and long after and how incroachments of power were gained to the Clergy Stories are full Vide Fra Paolo Sarpi his Treatise of Beneficiary Matters § On the contrary how thwarting Popish or Presbyterian Governments are to
neighbouring Villages and indeed throughout al Palestine The Persecution increasing 19 Tiberii Paul himself being as it were Signiser or Inquisitor Haereticorum great cruelty being used towards the Christians caused the Apostles and some of their Disciples to dispose of themselves into neighbouring Nations whereby the great wisdom and counsel of God was eminent that thereby the propagation of the Gospel became more universally spread yet so that some of the Apostles were always at Jerusalem as the principal Seat of the Church of Christ always ready to confirm and strengthen the Brethren under their Persecutions and though they made often excursions from Jerusalem into other Regions yet they many times returned thither again Paul himself returned thither five times after his conversion from whence he was carried prisoner to Rome where though detained two years a prisoner yet preached the Gospel even then and there All this while no footsteps of any Dependency that any one Church throughout all Palaestine or the Regions round about had of another Communications and Advisoes reciprocal there might be between the gathered Churches far and near but no dependencies obligatory upon one another Soon after Christs ascention the Gospel was preached by the Apostles to al Nations both in Asia Africa and Europe and in the mediteranean Islands as Cyprus Crete Samothracia and in the Aegean Sea Lesbon Chion Samon Trogyllium Pathmos Sicily Melita Though there were thousands of Churches gathered by the Apostles yet there are no footsteps remaining that the Churches gathered by any one Apostle were subject or did depend on any one or more Churches gathered by any other or more Apostles The like I may say after the death of the Apostles that no one Church by what Apostle soever gathered was left subject to any other Church gathered by any other Apostle no nor yet subject to any Church of their own converting and gathering but every Church was to be governed by its own peculiar Body observing Gospel precepts viz. to love one another and to do all things in decency and in order c. How and when the Supremacy of the Clergy came in Histories are ful and plain and would have been yet more ful and plain had but our Holy Fathers Inquisitors been as Innocent as Doves as they were cursedly wise as was that Divelish Serpent that beguiled Eve whilst they have scarce left us a Father or Monument of Antiquity whose very bowels they have not raked out and yet still retain that Hellish and daring Impudence to persevere in that embowelling trade and yet every hedge Priest to boast that All they cannot speak less than all the Fathers are on their side though their very Hearts and Intrals had they not been raked out by such unreasonable and cruel hands would have born witness against them and for us § By all which it appears that the Summ and meaning of the visible Church and of the Government thereof upon Earth lies in a very narrow room and is very plain and obvious to every understanding though Ecclesiastick's of all perswasions have by perverting plain truths and texts rendred them as obscure as they could that they might not appear clear unto poor Laick's And which aggravates the more we find by woful experience that as of old so now they still are very well content and pleased that we should yet be kept on in an amaze and Laberinth and to know no more of Church and Church-Government then what will stand with the grandeur benefit and domination of Ecclesiastick's only and still continuing blinded in extreme ignorance We should have them only in admiration as if Gods and Oracles indeed Bellarmine in his tract against Gerson magnifying the Popes Power above the Skies saith and saith truly that the holy Church is not like the Common-wealth of Venice or of Geneva La christ Santa non è similâ— aâ—la Rep. di Venâ—tia c. p. 318. or of other Cities which confer upon their Dukes that Power which themselves please in regard whereof it must be said that the Common-wealth is above the Prince neither is it like to an earthly Kingdom in which the People transfer their own Authority unto the Monarch and in certain cases may free themselves from Royal Dominion and reduce themselves to the Government of inferior Majestrates as did the Romans when they passed from Dominion Royal to Consular-Government for that the Church of Christ is a most perfect Kingdom and an absolute Monarchy which hath no dependance on the People neither from them had its Original but dependeth only on the Divine Will which Christ sheweth when he saith ye have not chosen me but I have chosen you 15. John 16. Luke 32.33 2. Psal 6. but what strange Blasphemous Conclusions he hath drawn out of these premises and texts which relate only to Christ himself by applying them to his Vicar General I will not in this place concern my self at all The position it self is thus far true that the Church is not a Common-wealth as Venice much less a Kingdom as England which hath a Blood Royal and Kings succeed by Birth nor as some other Kingdomes by Testament which hapily may change the Government because the Church which is Christs Body hath Christ for its perpetual and immortal Head and King who whilst Man in the daies of his flesh first made the Body the Church and not the Body him the Head thereof governed it both visibly and invisibly invisibly by influencing his Body and conferring Gifts and Graces upon men fit for his Body the Church now touching this inward and merely Spiritual Government it is not like unto any Government no Prince Pope or Prelate having any such Government at all but only Christ who knoweth the hearts of all men which are deceitful above all things and can only influence them and can confer Gifts and Graces upon them whereby they are made and may become free Denizens of the Heavenly Jerusalem And because Christ was always to have his Body the Church on earth even unto the end of the world to be composed of visible Men and Members and not of one visible Man the Pope as the same Bellarmine and others would make us believe he hath appointed the Authority which his Body should have after his Ascention with promise that he would be with them unto the end of the world and therefore he set some in the Church as Apostles Prophets Teachers and after that Miracles then Gifts of Healing Helps in Government Diversities of Tongues 1 Cor. 12.28 Some of which as Miracles Diversities of Tongues and Gifts of Healing died and ceased with the Apostles who only were extraordinarily and Infallibly Gifted and inspired as necessary only for the first planting of the Gospel Therefore when Christ Ascended on high he gave Gifts unto Men 68. Psal 18.4 Eph. 8. yet diversly and in divers Measures and according to his Promise John 14.26 Sent the Holy Ghost the Comforter amongst them which should
the whole body politick whereof if the Presbyter or Independent judge themselves to be any part then is the Law even their own deed also as being made by the representatives of the whole wherein they are included as having their most proper representatives in our Parliaments and Convocations the undoubted Legislative Power of this Kingdom And is it reasonable in things of this nature and consequence to give men audience pleading for the overthrow of that which as it were their own very deed hath ratified Laws that have been approved both in Church and State may be no man doubteth again repealed and to that end also disputed against by the same Authority But this most properly is when the whole doth deliberate what Laws each part shall observe and not when a few run counter the Laws which the whole hath made in a full and free Parliament and lawfull Convocation Be it that some reasons induce some persons to be otherwise minded if those reasons be demonstrative and absolutely necessary such I confess discharge consciences and setteth them at full liberty but if probable only what thing was there ever set down so agreeable to sound reason but some probable shew against it may be made Is it meet that when Acts of Parliaments and Canons have been publickly received and long practised that general obedience thereunto should cease to be exacted in case some few led by some probable conceits should make open protestation of their dissatisfaction Certainly in such cases they are obliged to suspend their judgments for that in otherwise doing they offend against God by troubling his Church without any just or necessary cause For until the Civil Christian Magistrate whose power it is that I contend for doth otherwise order and determine obedience is to be given to the Laws Ecclesiastical and Civil if not contrary to the word of God Turpis est pars quae universo non congruit suo Out of which premises and of what will follow more particularly I shall take the liberty to assert and conclude that the Church of England in general is undeniably Independent and hath intrinsick power within it self without any forraign aid or dependency or any subordination to any other Person Church or Council to govern it self and that every Parish or Congregation thereof is not so Independent but rather that every particular doth depend upon the whole for that all ought to govern the whole and every particular thereof and every one ought to imploy himself most in that which is most particularly recommended to him and that the true Representatives of this Church of England and of all other National Churches is the Legislative Power thereof and that the King is the chief Governor thereof according to the constituted Laws and Canons thereof § And this Legislative Power hath lawful Authority to constitute all Qualifications unto all publick Ecclesiastical preferments so that they which will not submit to such qualifications shall be uncapable of such publick Benefices and Preferments But neither this nor any other Power throughout the whole Vniverse hath any lawful Authority to forbid the gathering of Churches or stop the mouths of any Bishop or Presbyter to preach the Gospel nor to forbid the solemn assembling together of the Saints or of the Brethren according to their several Commissions viz. go teach all Nations c. 28. Matth. 19.20 And let us consider one another to provoke unto love and to good works not forsaking the Assembling of our selves together as the manner of some is but exhort one another 10. Hebr. 24.25 if this had not been good Doctrine and practised even by Christ himself his Apostles and their followers maugre all the Interdicts of Jewish and Gentile States and Princes cursed Tyrants the Gospel had never been spread In such Cases where commands of Governments are contrary to commands of God it is undoubtedly better to obey God than Man I have dwelt the longer on this subject of Indepency for that though in truth it the be elder Brother unto Presbyterian Government by 1600 years yet it seems unto most to be but my Lord Musshrome and of yesterdays extract and very little understood by Vulgar Capacities In the Treaty whereof I have taken occasion in some measure to trace both the wayes of the Church and the wiles of the Church-Men from its very Infancy and shall pursue it farther when I come to shew what and who are meant by the term Church so that if possible the Government of the Church may be made easie and intelligible to every understanding Plain dealing is best and truth like beauty is most beautiful when stark naked stript of all paints and School-tricks and Glosses by which truth is more often confounded and defaced than brought unto light in its pure and natural colours § I shall now proceed and say something of the Presbyterian way but shall not meddle with their Model at all it being done and done to my hand it hangs on every Hedg and is decyphered and refelled in an Iliad of Pamphlets and is as perfectly disliked and disgusted as known and therefore I think we may bid them defiance set it up and establish it if they can especially if excommunication the main prop and pillar thereof were taken away without which it must necessarily fall to the ground and which is of no use in any Christian State and which in truth is a nemo scit utterly unknown to Scripture it self as now used especially And yet so fond are they of it and so wedded unto it and such is the selfishness of the Clergy of all perswasions and so great a Biass is their interest and love of domination that the very thought of parting with it doth cut them to the heart and it cannot be got from them without rending and tearing as if it were as perverse as an unclean spirit and though in truth it makes no return considerable unto any of them but what redounds unto their dishonour and reproach I shall only shew some of their tenets and practises by which you may the better judge of them and I shall not go far to fetch them and declare that now to erect and establish that Government here or in any other Christian Common-wealth were to erect Regnum in Regno and then in short process of time upon every difference and dispute as it happened in the State of Venice 1610. where Father Avaraldo a Capuchin being demanded by the Inquisitors at Rome for a certain opinion concerning Anti-Christ and from that Inquisition the process being sent to Bressia where the Father was the Inquisition at Bressia proceeded in the Cause without the Civil Assistants and answered them not without a design to cajole the Civil Magistrate out of his just right by a nice distinction viz. that they ought not to assist but only in causes which were begun at the proper Tribunal but not when the Denuntiation was given at Rome so in a very short time as
Preachings they did censure the affairs of the State and Council convocate general Assemblies without his Licence conclude what they thought good not once desiring his Allowance and Approbation and in their Synods Presbyteries and particular Sessions meddle with every thing upon colour of scandal Besides divers other disorders which at an other time he would propound and have reformed else it was vain to think of any agreement or that the same being made could stand and continue any while Whilest these conferences lasted these just complaints of the King were verifyed and made good by all the Presbyteries in the person of Mr. David Blake one of the Ministers of St. Andrews with whom they sided and whom they defended to their utmost This David Blake in a Sermon uttered divers spightful speeches against the King and Queen the Lords of the Council and Session and had called the Queen of England an Atheist a Woman of no Religion of which her Ambassador complaining to the King he was cited to appear before the Council 10. Novemb. Mr. Andrew Melvil accompanying him to Edenburgh did labour to make this a common cause giving out that the same was done only as a preparative against the Ministers to bring their Doctrine under the censure and controulment of the King and Council and so far he prevailed with the Commissioners of the Church as they sent certain of their number to entreat the deserting of the Diet saying it would be ill taken to draw Ministers in question upon trifling delations very trifling matters as you will see by the Articles against him when as the enemies of the truth were spared and overseen Proud Presbyters Paul himself submitted his doctrines to the Test and judgment of his Auditory Judge ye what I say and yet these insolent Priests may defame Princes Councils Parliaments and say and do what they please impune No man must say why do ye so a shrewd sign their Coyn is not currant when it will not abide the Touch-stone They farther gave out that the Ministers were troubled for the free rebuke of sin and sinners and the Scepter of Christs Kingdom sought to be overthrown The process they said intended against Mr. Blake was but a Policy to divert the Ministers from prosecuting their Suit against Popish Earles and if he should submit his doctrine to the tryal of the Council the liberties of the Church and spiritual Government of the House of God would be quite subverted and therefore they concluded that in any case a Declinator should be used and protestation made against these proceedings whereupon a Declinator was framed and presented by Blake viz. that seeing he was brought thither to be judged by his Majesty and Council for his doctrine and that his answering to the pretended accusation might import a Prejudice to the liberties of the Church and be taken for an acknowledgment of his Majesties Jurisdiction in matters meerly spiritual He was constrained in all Humility to decline that Judicatory because the Lord Jesus of whom he had the grace of his calling had given him his Word for a Rule for his Preaching and that he could not fall in the reverence of any Civil Law but in so far as he should be tryed to have passed his instructions which Tryal belonged only to the Prophets and Pastors the spirit of the Prophets being subject to them alone For this and other reasons in the said Declinator alledged He for himself and in the name of the Commissioners of the general Assembly who had subscribed the same Declinator by which it appears that Blake was not herein a single but a publick person and that these desperate Tenets were the Tenets of the whole Presbytery and not of Blake singly did humbly beseech his Majesty not to infringe the liberty of the Church but manifest his care in maintaining the same i. e. in words at length and not in figures that his Majesty would subject his Regality to their Presbytery and be to them a King indeed but yet no otherwise then the stump of Wood was to the Frogs in the Fable a quiet and tame Idol whom every Frog every waspish Presbyter may play upon and securely dance about Now let us see his Peccadilloes not only charged but strongly proved against him viz. 1o. That he affirmed in Pulpit that the popish Lords were returned into the Country with his Majesties knowledge and on his Assurance and said that in so doing he had detected the Treachery of his Heart 2ly that he had called all Kings the Devils Barnes adding that the Devil was in the Court and in the Guiders of it 3ly In his Prayer for the Queen he had used these words We must pray for her for the Fashion but we have not cause for she will never do us good so that we have little reason to pray for her 4ly That he had called the Queen of England an Atheist 5ly That he had discuss'd a suspention granted by the Lords of the Session in Pulpit and called them Miscreants and Bribers 6ly That speaking of the Nobility he said they were degenerated Godless Dissemblers and Enemies to the Church likewise speaking of the Council he called them Holy-glasses Cormorants men of no Religion 7ly That he had convocated divers Noblemen Barons and other within St. Andrews in June 1594. caused them to take Armes and divide themselves in Troops of Horse and Foot and had thereby usurped the Power of the King and Civil Magistrate The Summons being read he desired to be remitted to his own Ordinary hereby meaning the Presbytery where the Doctrine was taught contending that speeches delivered in Pulpit all be it alledged to be Treasonable could not be judged by the King till the Church by which term they always mean themselves first took cognisance thereof and thereupon delivered the Declinator The King notwithstanding in favour of him deferred farther proceedings herein till the last of November In the mean time the Commissioners for the Church took advantage of his favour and sent a Copy of the Declinator with a Letter to all the Presbyteries requiring them to subscribe the same and to commend the cause in hand in their publick and private Prayers to God using their best credit with their flocks and employing all their labours for the maintenance thereof This their stirring up of Subjects against their King extorted from the King by the advice of his Council a Proclamation discharging the said Commission as unlawful in it self and more unlawfully executed by the said Commissioners commanding six of them to depart to their several Flocks within 24 hours and not to return to act therein under pain of Rebellion Upon notice of this intended Proclamation the Commissioners resolved that since they were convened by the Warrant of Christ in a most needful and dangerous time to see unto the good of the Church ne quid ecclesia detrimenti caperet they should obey God rather than Man notwithstanding any charge that should be given
only the Ministers but the Teachers too as also the Elders and Deacons yea even of the Multitude which are willing to conser their gifts received of God 2 Cor. 4.13 to the common utility of the Church Luke 2.46 47. and c. 4.15 16. c. fol. 47.48 § During the Contest between Adrian the Sixth and the German Princes in Anno 1523. in the case of Luther they thinking it reasonable did signify unto his Holiness from the Dyet at Noremberg that married Priests and Religious persons who returned to the world in case they did commit any wickedness that the Prince or Magistrate in whose Territory they shall offend ought to give them their due chastisement which did not please the Pope and therefore he did reply That it would be against the Liberty of the Church and the Sickle would be put into another mans Field and those men would be censured by the World who were reserved unto Christ For Princes should not presume to believe that they were devolved to their Jurisdiction by their Apostacy nor that they could be punished by them and for their other Offences in regard the Character remaining in them and the Order they are ever under the power of the Church neither can Princes do more than delate them to their Bishops and Superiors that they may chastize them Conc. Trid. 27.28 Thus let Pope and Presbyter go hand in hand as to Spiritual Empire and Dominion Though it be besides my purpose to examine particulars yet in the general I cannot but wonder that so many learned and conscientious persons men of great abilities and good lives should countenance and defend that Church Discipline and Government as it is composed and compounded by Calvin the first Brocher and Hammerer thereof as taught by Christ and his Apostles in the Word of God when no Father ever witnessed no Council ever favoured no Church ever found out or practised it since the days of the Apostles and when the general and successive consent of all succeeding Ages is resolute against it as never expounding Pauls words in favour of it till about this last Century and this in opposition unto and derogation of Episcopal Regiment which on the contrary hath been observed every where for many Ages and Generations throughout the Christian world nemine contradicente except the old Heretick Aerius No Church till Calvins time ever alledging or perceiving the Word of God to be against it for if but any one Church upon the face of the whole earth that hath been governed by Calvins or the Scotch Presbytery or any one Church that hath not been ordered by Episcopal Regiment since the death of the Apostles could possibly have been found out no doubt but that we should long since have heard of it with our ears and seen it with our eyes in their Writings for that the Favourers and Abettors thereof have wanted neither abilities industry nor stomack neither to make it known Besides to me it seems strangely improbable I might say impossible that the Church of Christ should never know what belonged to the Government of her self till of late and that the Son of God should be spoiled of half his Kingdom by his own Servants Citizens nay Martyrs for 1500 years together without remorse or remembrance of any one man that so great injury was offered him and without one Champion to throw out his Gauntlet in the demand and challenge of his right Moreover how is it possible that all the Churches in the world should with one consent immediately on the Apostles deaths reject that form of governing the Church according to the Geneva cut which they would fain perswade you to believe was setled and approved by the Apostles and embrace a new and strange kind of Government Episcopal without Precept or Precedent for their so doing for my part I think it much more safe prudent and reasonable to esteem this a new device of Calvins a Chintera of his own brain set up to serve his own ends and to introduce his own Domination than to proclaim so many Apostolick men and antient learned Fathers to be manifest despisers of Episcopal Discipline and voluntary Supporters if not Inventers of Antichrists Pride and Tyranny § I find four Priviledges extraordinary given by Christ to the Apostolic Function requisite for the first founding of the Church What Privileges peculiar to the Apostles which died with them 1. Their Vocation immediate from Christ not from Men nor by Men Gal. 2.12 and their immediate instruction in the mystery of Christ by Christ himself 2. Their Commission extending over all the Earth without limitation to any place 3. Their direction infallible the Holy Ghost guiding them whether they wrote or spake This Office by consent of all Divines begun and ended in their persons to whom at first it was committed And except that Man of sin that hath entred by intrusion and violence into the Prerogatives royal of Christ no man would dare to arrogate the Privileges of this Calling He indeed challengeth as in the right of Peter universal power over the whole Church on earth He assumeth and appropriateth to himself glory of Miracles but all lying in form or end and if we were so mad as to believe infallible assistance of the Spirit in all things that he shall sententiously deliver to the Church out of his Chair of Pestilence Sapientum octavus Apostolorum 41. 4. Their power wonderful as well to convert and confirm Believers as to chastize and revenge Disobeyers whereby they did not only speak with tongues cure diseases work miracles know secrets understand all wisdom but gave the Holy Ghost to others that they might do the like and that they might store the whol world out of hand with meet Pastors and Teachers All which were given to their individual persons and were thought requisite by that wisdom which is above for the first spreading of the Faith and planting of Churches amongst Jews and Gentiles that all Nations might be converted unto Christ by the sight of their Miracles and directed by the truth of their Doctrine § But although all these died with their persons But and what delegated to their Successors to remain for ever yet are there other three and some make four points of Apostolic delegation which have and must have their permanency and perpetuity in the Church of Christ the better to maintain and propagate the Church once setled and Faith once preached As 1. Dispensing the Word 2. Administring the Sacraments 3. Imposing of hands 4. Guiding the Keys to shut or open the Kingdom of Heaven These especially the three first parts of the Apostolic Function are not decayed and cannot be wanted in the Church of God and are now seated in our Bishops and Presbyters by Apostolic successive delegation The first Two by reason they are the ordinary means and instruments by which the Spirit of God worketh each mans salvation must be general to all Pastors and Presbyters the
Christians have to study each others good to endeavour the conversion and confirming of one another Tu autem conversus confirma fratres It is a general Command to all and consequently a duty perpetually obliging to desire earnestly spiritual gifts but rather that they may prophesie according to 1 Cor. 1.14 in which Chapter by Prophets is not meant the Clergy only as it is generally so misunderstood but all Christians in general and by Prophesying is meant speaking unto men to edification and exhortation and comfort V. 3. the duty of every individual And I do not know but that a solemn private Assembly of Christians met in these our days in the name and fear of God exercising holy duties and Ordinances is as true a Church in Gospel understanding as the like number so congregated in the days of Christ and his Apostles according to Matth. 18. These things rightly considered I cannot but wonder and that not without some astonishment with what face or shew of conscience any especially of our Protestant Clergy for in our Alternate changes they have been all some way or other this way culpable whether Prelate Presbyter or Independent all striving to set up themselves can countenance advise or any way consent to forbid such Assembling is it not enough that submission to the present Established Government of Church and State be the qualification to all Ecclesiastical Livings and Preferments for those that can and will submit and conform thereto but they must silence dissenters as truly worshipping and serving God in truth as themselves tho happily not so modishly nor yet so Ceremoniously I pray God forgive them and that the Character of Whited wall given to the High Priest by St. Paul may never be their doom § In things indifferent and good so they be liberal and free it may so happen that an error may be committed against the Princes command but for those duties that are expresly commanded by God the 5. Acts 29. It s better to obey God than Man must take place Consider the contrary if a Prince command lawful things must we notwithstanding have license from another to obey him and without it is it a Non licet And shall not Gods Commands be lawfully obeyed without license from another Nature in all her sinal drifts giveth also such faculties and powers as are requisite and necessary for attaining the same and shall God prescribe an end and Commandments and shall they not be obeyed and put in practice without the favour and license of men Absit its too absurd and inconvenient I have been the freer herein because I have been so far from frequenting or countenancing such Assemblies by my presence that I have been but once at any one of them above these 20 years nor do I converse with any of them Happily I can conform with better satisfaction to conscience than they can that so congregate It is hard kicking against the Pricks Acts 26.14 and ill offending little ones a heavy doom lyes at the doors of such for their Angels do alwayes behold the face of God in Heaven Mat. 18.10 you know the charge was given to Kings themselves saying touch not mine anointed and do my Prophets no harm 105 Psal 14.15 stopping such mouths is injurious to God and man Doth the Law judge any man before it hear him and know what he doth 9 John 51. The sum then is that as all Men and Doctrines condemning sin and wicked lives are to be tollerated nay encouraged So to stop the Mouths and Pens of such is to hinder them from doing their duty and from obeying the Laws and Commands of God Now if such should in truth prove to be the very case of our Conventiclers and that their solemn meetings together be in good earnest for the better and not for the worse to wrestle with God with strong and importunate prayers for the Welfare of King and Kingdom of Church and State and to mourn not only for their own personal Sins but for all the abominations that are done in the midst of the Land and to preach Jesus Christ and him Crucified only and that he would make a high way of Holiness through the Land that way-faring-men tho fools may not err therein 35 Esay 8. To stir up the gifts and spirits that are in them by fruitful and seasonable conferences each borrowing light from his Brothers Candle If such should prove to be the truth of their case as they and their Auditors most solemnly aver it to be and it hath not yet judicially appeared to have been otherwise will not then the Oppugners of such Christian liberty Gospel precepts and Apostolick practices be accounted to have laid Snares in Mispah and spread Nets upon Tabor to have used Laws Menaces and Subtilties to keep Gods people from his Court and Sanctuary and to confine and oblige them to Worship after the modes of men And will not such obligations come within the lash and verge of the Woe denounced by Isaiah against those that make a Man an Offender for a word and lay a Snare for them that reprove in the Gate and turn aside the Just for a thing of naught 29.21 Nay will it not look like that old Machivilian trick Audacter calumniari the better to bring about ends and purposes little conducing to the power and encrease of Godliness It is an undoubted Gospel truth that no Power hath lawful Right and Authority to forbid Christians assembling together to Preach the Gospel and to perform Spiritual duties When God sent his own Son out of his own Bosom to take on him the form of a Servant and to become obedient to the death of the Cross for us Men and for our Salvation he gave him the Heathen for his Inheritance and the uttermost parts of the Earth for his Possession 2 Psal 8. and anoynted him with the Oyl of gladness above his fellows whereby he became King of Kings and Lord of Lords whose Throne was to endure for ever and ever and the Scepter of Righteousness to be the Scepter of his Kingdom 1 Heb. 8.9 who whilst in the dayes of his flesh did gather a Church a Kingdom out of Jews and Gentiles peculiar to himself and established the Government thereof sufficient to all its ends and purposes by his own Laws and Precepts far different and distinct from all other Governments in the World to which all other Kings and Governments in the World were to conform and submit and to become nursing Fathers and Mothers thereof and that under a severe prophetical Menace of being else broken with a rod of Iron and dasht in pieces like a Potters vessel 2. Psal 9. and therefore Christs Worship and Government being Independent and subject to no other Laws or Jurisdictions but his own which no Nation how great soever hath so Righteous 4 Deut. 8. no other Power or Principality can Lawfully forbid any Assemblies or Congregations to meet and worship him according to
not the most antient § With all wise and sober-minded persons Custome and Usage obtaineth that reverence and esteem as to yield a just ground for deliberation before it be altered or abrogated though not of absolute direction and adherency All Constitutions and ordinances concern the Church or State be they never so pure in their first institution may corrupt and degenerate and why the Civil State should be purged and reformed by new Laws devising remedies as fast as times breed and discover inconveniences and mischiefs And the Ecclesiastical State of this or that Kingdom should still continue on its lees or dreggs without refining or purifying by new Canons and Constitutions is beyond the comprehension of all sober minds and reason H. Grotius makes this observation on the 2 Kings 18.14 He removed the High places and brake the Images cut down the Groves and brake in pieces the Brazen Serpent that Moses had made Nota quem secerat Moses Egregium Regibus documentum ut quamvis bene instituta sed non necessaria ubi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 male usurpanturè conspectu tollant ne parant offendiculum caecis This H. Grotius notes as an excellent document for Kings that things never so well never so lawfully instituted as the Brazen Serpent was by Moses himself if not necessary and grow to be abused ought to be taken away as King Hezekiah did the Serpent least they prove a Snare and an offence unto the weaker Brethren Moreover if an absolute necessity be laid upon all men to subscribe and conform to the present established Religion and Worship by the very self same reason the next year he may be obliged to subscribe and conform to the contrary and so unto all Religions in the world successively § As a perverse and a morose retaining of Customes and Usages may be as prejudicial to right Reformation as Innovations so to remove Abuses nay Customs or Rights that may be spared without prejudice unto true Worship and the Doctrine of Faith doth not impeach good Orders nor lawful Authority but ratify and establish them Gods Church is compared to a Vineyard and a good Husband who is ever pruning therein not unseasonably not unskilfully but lightly and prudently he findeth ever somewhat to do If men were peaceably minded methinks it were not hard to agree in this That every Church be it of England France Sweden c. do that which is convenient for the State of it self and of the Common-wealth The antient and true bounds of Unity being one Faith one Baptism and not one Ceremony one Policy suppose another were a better form yet not always that which is best but of good things that which is best and may be had with least prejudice is to be embraced Our Church is not now to plant it is settled and established In Civil States suppose a Republick in the opinion of some to be a better policy than a Kingdom yet God forbid that lawful Kingdoms should be obliged to innovate and make alterations as often as men given to change desire or plead for it Gods Providence is to be consulted as well as his Word There are Schismatical Customs as well as Schismatical Doctrines and Opinions So as the Civil Magistrate take care that the general Rules be observed viz. That Christs Flock be duly fed that there be authentick Ordination a Succession in Bishops and Ministers that there be a due and reverend use of the Keys a due Administration of the Sacraments that those that preach the Gospel do live by the Gospel that all things tend to Edification and that all things be done in order and with decency the rest may be left to the discretion and prudence of inferiour Labourers and we ought to acquiesce The President of that City is very severe which permitteth none to propound new Laws that had not a cord about their Necks ready for vengeance if it were found unprofitable but by their leaves all Innovations are not to be rejected for divine Plato teacheth us in all Common-wealths on just grounds there ought to be some changes and that States-men therein ought to imitate skilful Musicians Qui artem Musices non mutant sed Musices modum And it is not unworthy our observation that even evil forms of Policy have been sometimes well ordered and rectified by good Governours and Commanders and so the State of Boetia flourished once under Epaminondas and Pelopidas and yet it owed this Prosperity not to the Government of the City for that was ill constituted but to the Governours for they were wise and virtuous The contrary also happened to Lacedemon for that fared ill sometimes and suffered much distempers because though its fundamental Laws were good yet its Kings and Ephori were many times tyrannous and unjust § More particularly the Congregational Government though ab initio it were in use and may be again if the National Church thought it convenient And I do not know but that it will suit now with any Government as well as when Christ did institute it but the truth is it hath been quite of date and doors as they would now set it up ever since whole Cities Commonwealths and Kingdoms became Christian and have been mutually incorporated and interwoven one with the other however the Doctrine and Tenet thereof is as sound and as practicable now as ever The Arguments which the Independents bring to prove the consistency of their Congregational way with our Kingly and Civil Government are only prudential and probable which I shall not go about to contradict or examin but exmantissa grant not only their Consistency with our Government but that also the Civil Magistrates may so govern if they please they submitting to Indubitable Ordination as I take Episcopal to be for it is not sit that any Ordinance so very essential to the very making and perpetuating of a Gospel Ministry should be left upon a Moot point as it would be if either Presbyterian or Independent Ordination should take place But then I hope the Congregational men will be as ingenuous and confess that the Ecclesiastical Discipline and Government already established is as consistent with our Civil Laws and Government and that the legislative power may continue the same Government or alter it to any other form so it be of force to suppress Vice and to maintain true Faith and Religion even to that Gallintaufrey Platform establishing Presbytery which is but a minced or cantonized Papacy in point of Rule and Domination by order and ordinance of that demy-parliament 29. August 1648. which hath no good foundation in Scripture no ground in Reason no Authority beyond Jo. Calvin to make it good But Christian Common-wealths and Civil Magistrates may establish what Government so qualified they please the thing I contend for It s true that the Priests of divers perswasions will highly caress Majesty in words But if the Civil Magistrate offer to impose but a Cap a Surplice a cross in
for Supremacy over Causes and Persons Ecclesiastical and Civil but let them accompt it their most Supreme Service to attend on that Supremacy so shall more honour and sanctity pass from Pope and Presbyter to Kings and Emperors and more efficacy and vertue from Kings to Ministers more Grace and happiness from both to the People § Excommunication The main Argument used both by Pope and Presbyter to raise the Miter and Consistory above the Crown is drawn from the power of the Church in Excommunication which Sword Church men only claim and wherewith they think they may as freely strike Princes as Princes may strike them with their Temporal Sword of both which a word in general and also in particular as it relates to Princes Excommunication that great Popish and Presbyterian Thunderboult and Diana of their Discipline claimed to be their due Jure Divino and so highly exalted by them that it is not more monopolized nor advanced higher at Rome than it would be here by them within their Precincts if not curbed by the Civil Magistrate so apt it is to be tyrannically abused by Pope and Presbyter for experience tells us that if they might have their Will they would by virtue thereof put such a Spiritual Pad-lock upon the Temporal Sword and by their In ordine ad Spiritualia take such fast hold of it themselves that if they and Christian Princes should chance to differ they may be sure so long as their Doctrine concerning it will be believed to have the drawing of it themselves and leave poor Christian Princes to whom the Sword of Right more antient than Papacy or John Calvins Presbytery more properly belongs to defend themselves with the Scabbard for which several of them have paid dear witness amongst others those 17 Scotish Ministers who being convented before the Council of Scotland for holding a solemn Assembly at Aberdeen without the Kings leave 2. July 1605. utterly denied the Authority both of King and Council in that behalf affirming that in matters Ecclesiastical they neither ow nor ought to acknowledge themselves in any subjection either to the King or to his Council and that all spiritual differences should be tryed and determined by the Church meaning thereby themselves the Clergy for which cause and for denying the Kings Supremacy 6 of the chief of them were arraigned and condemned at Blackness in Scotland January 10. 1605. and how insolently some of the same Tribe vsed King James more than once he himself hath published in Print and their imperious exhorbitances may be read as in several other Books so in Presbytery Displayed printed 1644. and how they used King Charles the first I. M. hath demonstrated in his Tenure of Kings therein manifesting that they founded the Premises that enabled the Phanaticks to conclude that sanguinary and unparalled Catastrophe And that their good deeds also may be remembred we do recount them to have been very instrumental in the restoration of the Son which is some kind of expiation for their injuries done unto the Father Some and those of no small esteem in the Church are of opinion that the exercise of Excommunication was then only needful when no visible Church had any legal or civil remedy to preserve its unity or purge it self of gross Offenders or that the right or power of Excommunication which the Apostles and immediate Successors had did utterly expire when once whole Cities and Common-wealths became Christian and were enabled from the Supreme Civil Magistrate to punish Offenders and to enact coercive and penal Laws and other means necessary for the spreading and promulgating of the Gospel Sure I am that experience hath made it more than probable that after the Church and Common-wealths were so linked and interwoven together that every Member of the Common-wealth was enforced to become a Member of the Church and to be so admitted by the Church Governours the edge of this spiritual Sword was very much abated and the force of former spiritual Ordinances became stifled with the multitude of those persons against whom they were directed whether the defect be in the power it self or in such as have but to do not use it as they ought certain it is that this branch of discipline is not in our days so effectual as in former times it hath been The meer spiritual Power with which alone the Apostles and their Immediate Successors were endued was of greater efficacy than both the remainder of the like spiritual Power in Dermier Bishops and Pastors and all the strength of secular Civil Power wherewith Princes States or Kingdoms since the mutual incorporation of Common-wealths and Churches have as they were in conscience and Jure Divino bound assisted Prelates and Church Governours of this nature seems to be the Apostolical Rod. 1. Cor. 4.21 wherewith Paul threatneth the Corinthians whereby is meant as he explains himself 2. Cor. 13.10 ch 10.16 ch 13.2 To use sharpness to revenge all unrighteousness not to spare all which are expressions of a certain miraculous vertue of impossing punishment Thus Annanias and Saphira fell down dead 14. Acts 13. Elymas was smitten with blindness 1. Tim. 1.2 Himeneus Alexander and the Incestuous Corinthian were delivered to Sathan 1. Cor. 55. § To deliver to Sathan was plainly a point of miraculous Power which inflicted torment on the Body such as Saul in former times felt after his departure from God as Chrisostome and other Fathers interpret This is certain when the earthly powers used not their right of punishing God had given them to purge and defend the Church what was wanting in human aid God himself supplied by divine assistance After the Emperors took on them the Patronage of the Church whose office was to punish them that troubled the Church without or within the forenamed divine punishment expired And most properly that divine execution of revenge was the jurisdiction of God not of Men because the whole work was Gods not the Apostles God that he might give testimony to the truth of the Gospel preached as at the Apostles Prayers or presence or touch he healed diseases and cast out Divils so at their imprecation commanded men to be vexed with Diseases and seized by Divils Nor did Paul more by delivering men to Satan than did Peter and John by curing the lame man who say they did nothing by their own Power Acts 12. and ascribe the whole effect to God At the Prayers also of the Church did God often shew the like signs of his displeasure therefore are the Corinthians 1. Cor. 5.2 blamed that they mourned not to the end the Incestuous person might be taken away from among them And to the same effect is that wish not command of the Apostles to the Galatians 5.12 would they were cut off that trouble you This kind of Excommunication if it may be so called was a Corporal punishment and there is no appearance of any internal obduration by the binding power of Pope or Presbyter and
given to the Body of the Church and not to the Priests thereof to govern it self and that there is no other excommunication then what is common to both viz. To withdraw our selves from every Brother that walketh disorderly 2 Thess 3.6 If any obey not our saying have no company with him that he may be ashamed v. 34. not to eat with the Brother that is a Fornicator or Covetous or an Idolater or a Rayler or a Drunkard or an Extortioner 1 Cor. 5.11 and put away from amongst you that evil person v. 13. All which precepts belong to all both Laity and Clergy indifferently Let excommunication be what it will if any there be An exclusion from the Word and Sacraments it cannot be yet what ever it is it is attributed to the Church and that most rightfully But then it is to be considered that by the venerable and Apostolical name of Church was antiently and ab initio understood all the faithful as well Laity as Clergy though of latter years it hath been injuriously wrested to signify the Clergy only whereas in truth the Laity as well as the Clergy as lively stones are built up a spiritual house an holy Priesthood a chosen Generation to offer up Spiritual Sacrifices acceptable to God by Jesus Christ 1 Pet. 2.5.9 For it is certain that St. Peter gave the title of Clergy to all Christians in general and that Pope Higinus who lived in the second Century and his Successors most injuriousty took it from them usurping and appropriating the name of Church to themselves and their Priests only which is since attributed to the Popes only by the Pope and Court of Rome and their Creatures and condemning the rest of Gods holy people to an injurious and alienate appellation of Laity separating themselves from the Laity as unclean and prophane by local partitions in Churches c. and so the distinction insensibly crept in by degrees § Because the Word and term Church hath been so much wrested and abused by men of different perswasions for different ends and interests By Church is to be mean◠〈…〉 Apostolical and Legitimate 〈…〉 but not that which is usurpâ—d and imployed to the subversion of publick Government and of Religion it self for it is certain that nothing hath been so great a hindrance to the grwoth and propagation of the truly Catholick Religion as the extending the just liberties thereof into licence by grasping at more and other powers than ever Christ gave them by any Commission which alone hath caused and maintained so great and deplorable divisions in Religion and so little understood by the vulgar both of Protestants and Papists and that I may open the eyes of some that yeild blind obedience and magnify the Pope and indeed I know not what nor whom for the Church and to shew in little the tricks and artisices of the Popish Clergy to increase their Power and Coffers I shall shew how when and where it was first used in the New Testament and how degenerated and what ill use hath been made of since By the word Church in the New Testament is meant the society of Christians or number of Believers in Christ Vide. 19. Art of Religion already come and to come in the flesh crucified dead buried and ascended into Heaven for the planting and increasing whereof Christ himself laboured during his abode on earth by Miracles Signs and Wonders and after his Resurrection before he was taken up and a Cloud had received him out of their sight he appointed his eleven Disciples Judas having fallen by transgression from his Ministry and Apostleship that he might go to his own place to teach all Nations baptizing them and teaching them to observe all things whatsoever he had commanded them 28 Mat. 19.20 and to preach repentance and remission of sins in his Name among all Nations beginning at Jerusalem 24 Luk. 47 charging them to tarry in the City of Jerusalem until they were endued with power from on high v. 49. After they had received the Holy Ghost in that miraculous manner of cloven tongues on the day of Pentecost Peter standing up with the eleven preached so powerfully unto the multitude then and there gathered to understand the wonderful miracle of cloven tongues ushered in by a rushing mighty wind and to see the effects thereof that at that Sermon there were converted about 3000. Souls which gladly received him and were baptized and continued stedfast in the Apostles Doctrine and fellowship and in breaking of bread from house to house and in prayers praising God and having favour with all the people 2 Acts v. 41.42 and the Lord added to the Church i. e. to all the Apostles and Disciples left by Christ and unto those converted at this Sermon of St. Peters daily such as should be saved 2 Acts 47. the first society or congregation that we read of called a Church in the new Testament 47. so that from this very day and time and upon this occasion which was within few dayes after Christs Aesension was the Congregation or Societies of Believers called the Church And it is here more especially to be observed that the name of Church was not here given as peculiar to the Apostles or Clergy but as common to all believers the number of whom daily increasing quickly came to be cantonzied divided and subdivided into Cities Provinces Countries Houses Hence the various expressions so were the Churches established in the Faith and increased in number daily 16 Acts 5. All the Churches of the Gentiles 16. Rom. 4. All the Churches of the Saints 1 Cor. 14.33 The Churches throughout Judea Galilee and Samaria 9 Acts 30. 1 Gal. 21.22 So ordain in all Churches 1 Cor. 7.17 The Churches of Asia salute you 1 Cor. 16.19 The Church at Antioch 13 Acts 1. The Churches of Thessalonians 1 Thes 1.1 The Church that is at Babilon saluteth you 1 Pet. 5.13 The seven Churches of Asia Apocal. hence also more minute subdivisions as great Pricilla and Aqvila together with the Church in their House 1 Cor. 16.19 salute Nymphas and the Church in his House 4 Colos 15. Paul and Timothy to Philemon and to the Church in his House Philemon 2. When St. Paul sent for the Elders of Ephesus and willed them to take heed to themselves and all the Flock over which the holy Ghost had made them overseers to feed the Church of God 28 Act. 17.28 What meant he by the Church the Priests to whom he spake or the people the People no doubt the Church is never taken in the New or Old Testament for the Priests alone but generally for the whole Congregation of the faithful Having thus demonstrated who are meant by the word and term of Church let us now consider what powers and priviledges they were indulged and endowed withal both Priest and People from Christ § What Powers and Priviledges did belong to the Ecclesiasticks as Apostles Bishops Priests and Deacons I have intimated
Loving one another of Doing all things decently and in order of Laying Hands suddenly on no man and describing Qualifications sit for the same to be their Guide and Directions That the Bishops and Priests were chosen by Popular Election until the Days of Constantine and some time after hath been demonstrated out of St Cyprian and others Afterwards when Pride Ambition Covetousness Self-Interest and Affectation of Domination had more universally corrupted the Minds of men and after the Donations of Constantine had given more Honour and more Power to the Christians then more eminently began the Spirit of Antichrist to work and every Interest began to set up for it self and the Priests and Bishops began then to be chosen sometimes by the People or Brethren sometimes by the Emperors sometimes by the Emperors People and Clergy and sometimes by the Clergy and People according as the several Interests grew more or less potent till at last it devolved where now it is at Rome even on the Cardinals who are well advanced from being Parish-Priests of Rome to be Peers and Compeers with Kings and Princes Vid. Fra. Paolo Sarpi of Beneficiary Matters It is undeniable that the Popes themselves were so chosen An. Dom. 233. p. 158. sometimes by one Interest sometimes by another Cornelius the 20th Pope was made Bishop of Rome by Testimony of the Clergy and Suffrage of the People It is true the Council of Laodicea congregated An. D. 364. under Liberius the 35th Pope or according to Coriolanus An. D. 321. Ordained That it was not to be granted to the People that they should make choice of those that were to serve at the Altar c. 13. But what Right they had so to Ordain appeareth not Notwithstanding which Bishops were chosen by Popular Election after this Council as may appear by the Great Nicene Council Assembled according to Baronius 6 years after the Council of Laodicaea in their Synodal Fpistle to the Church of Alexandria and to the beloved Brethren of Aegypt Libia and Pentapolis apud Theodoret lib. 1. c. 9. And that they enjoyed the same Liberty before the Nicene Council is clear by St Cyprian Ep. 68. Sect. 4. The People obeying the Lords Commandments and fearing God ought to separate themselves from a sinful Ruler and not to intermingle themselves with a Sacrilegious Priest seeing they especially have power either to elect worthy Priests or reject unworthy All the Romans as well Laity as Clergy chose Leo the 45th Pope Pelagius the Second the 63d Pope was chosen by the People so was Gregory the First the 64th Pope And so was Vitilianus the 76th Pope § The Suffrages of the People are so clearly manifested by all Antiquity that Pamelius himself in Ep. Cypr. 68. saith We deny not the old Rite of Electing Bishops by which they were wont to be chosen the People being present yea rather by the Voyces of the People for that it was observed in Affrica is evident by the Election of Eradius the Successor of St Austin concerninig which there is extant his 100 Ep. In Greece in the Age of Chrysostom as appeareth by his Third Book of Priesthood In Spain by Cyprian and Isidore in his Third Book of Offices In France by the Epistle of Celestinus In Rome by those things which were spoken upon the Epistle to Antonianus yea every where else by the 87th Epistle of Leo and that this Custom continued until Gregory the First appeareth by his Epistle yea even unto the Times of the Emperors Charles and Lodowick as it is manifest enough out of the first Book of their Chapters And the same Pamelius in another place saith The Manner of choosing the Bishop of Rome was often changed First St Peter chose his Successors Linus Cletus and Clemens then Anacletus and the rest unto the second Schism between Damasus and Vesicinus were Created by the Suffrages of the Clergy and the People If Pamelius a Papist confess all this what need have we of farther proof tho Histories swell with more of like Proofs Besides the Antiquity the Reason that it ought to be so hath the general Gospel and moral Equity for its justification God having set down no certain Rule for the way of Election it is most just and equitable that the People should choose their own Pastors because their own Souls the most precious thing that ever God created were concerned therein and for that by their so Electing they were the more engaged more quietly to receive and more diligently to hear the Word of Truth from their Mouths more heartily to love and reverence their Persons and also more chearfully and bountifully to maintain their Pastors and Bishops whom they themselves had chosen Before Constantines Conversion which according to Baronius was about the Year 312. the Elections without dispute were made by Clergy and People both in the Eastern and Western Empires but after his Days and Donations there grew Disputes Animosities and great Troubles between several Interests about Elections and more especially about those of the Bishops of Rome In his Days succeeded 3 Bishops of Rome Sylvester Marcus and Julius all chosen by the Suffrages of the Clergy and People And though in the Choice of Liberius Successor to Julius Constantius intermedled not yet before that he did interpose in the East and cast Proclus out of the Church The truth is sometimes the power of Election was given to the Emperor by Pope Canons and Councils sometimes the Emperor devolved his power again to the Clergy P. Adrian Leo Clement all with a Council granted it to Charles Otho and Henry Senate and People The Custom of choosing by the Emperor continued from Vigilius to Benedict the Second in which space there were about Twenty Popes all Created by Imperial Authority And P. Adrian the First with a whole Synod gave to Charles the Great who confirmed the Donations of Pipin who gave the Possessions of the Exarch of Ravenna and also Pentapolis as a Patrimony to St Peter which first enabled and encouraged them to contend affront and set at nought Kings and Emperors in future Ages the Right and Power of choosing the Popes and disposing of the See Apostolick and granted to him the Honour of being Patricius and designed that Bishops in all Provinces should take Investitures from him and that a Bishop should be Consecrated by none unless he were first invested by the Emperor Theoderick de Niem saith De Jure Princip Imperii cited by the Bishop of Ely in Resp ad Apolog. c. 8. the Roman People granted to him and translated upon him all their Right and Power and according to their example P. Adrian with all the Clergy People and the whole Sacred Synod granted to the Emperor Charles all their Right and Power of Electing the Pope Here all Interests pretenders to have power of Election voluntarily without compulsion devolved all their Authority upon the Emperor Charles and consequently was then indisputably invested therewith which
Election of Bishops purporting that a Cathedral being vacant the Metropolitan should write unto the Chapter the Name of him who was to be promoted who should afterwards be published in Pulpit in all the Parish-Churches of the City on Sunday and hanged on the Door of the Church and afterwards the Metropolitan should go to the City vacant and examine Witnesses concerning the Qualities of the Person and all his Letters Patents and Testimonials being read in the Chapter every one should be heard that would oppose any thing against his Person of all which an Instrument should be made and sent to the Pope and read in the Consistory But such a Decree was too good to pass in that Packt Council which having too much publick respect to the publick Good even of their own Catholick Church Protestant Churches having not the same reasons to complain was oppsed by all Arts and Industry by the Bishop of Bertinoro General Laynez and by all the Pentioners and Favourites of the Court of Rome which by much was the major part for the many and great inconveniences that would ensue thereby And what were they Forsooth that such a Decree would be a Cause of Calumnies and Seditions and that thereby some Authorities long since taken away would be restored to the People Vâ—â— Ao 870. Distinct 73. Padre Paolo Defence 75. with which they would usurp the Election of Bishops which formerly they were wont to have that this was to bind the Authority of the Pope that he could not gratifie any one Just and pregnant Reasons I must confess to perswade unto Usurpation of the Right of others and therefore it could not pass The like Opposition was made against the Article concerning those who were to be promoted to the greater Orders in which it was also said that their Names ought to be published to the People three Sundays and affixed to the doors of the Church and that their Letters Testimonial ought to be subscribed by four Priests and four Laicks of the Parish alledging that no Authority ought to be given to the Laicks in these Affairs which are purely Ecclesiastical 725 726. what Right soever they had unto them In the Discourse also of the Reformation of Cardinals a Congregation was ordained on purpose to consult and find a means that Princes might not intermeddle in the Conclave in the Election of the Pope so jealous and unwilling are they to have any Laick great or small to come within their Verge their Scrinia sacra or to intermeddle in such their Concerns though they have none de Jure but their Priesthood but what they have either obtained by Power or usurped by Fraud or by the Supineness or Favours of Pious Princes But when some of the Council thought in order to Reformation to make a Constitution that no Bishop should have any Temporal Offices either in Rome or in the Ecclesiastical Dominions that even that also would be a great prejudice to the Ecclesiasticks of France Polonia and of other Countries and Kingdoms where they are Councellors of Kings and have the Principal Offices of which they would soon be deprived by the instigation of the Secular Nobility for their own Interests and therefore that String was not to be touched upon but left unto the Popes ordering Furthermore the Bishop of St. Mark in the Dispute about the Title of the Council of Trent had the boldness to aver that the Laicks are most improperly called the Church for that the Canons determine that they have no Authority to command but Necessity to obey and that the Council ought to Decree that the Seculars ought humbly to receive the Doctrine of Faith which is given them by the Church without disputing or thinking of it Petro Soave Polano 141. That is in Romish understanding that that Religion which the Pope Obedience unto him being made by them a true Mark of the Church doth please to give them ought to be embraced by the Laicks without dispute What is this else but plainly and grosly to mock the world and to think all men Fools and Cuddens but themselves and to perswade themselves that all their Absurdities should be believed without more ado What is this less than to perswade Rational men that they are Bruits Horses or Asses void of all understanding or that hearing they do not hear or that seeing they do not see or that perceiving they do not understand Qui vult decipi decipiatur § Thus have I unto the meanest Capacities made plain and evident both by Precept and Practice out of the Word of Truth the Title and Interest which the whole Congregation of Believers have unto the Appellation and Powers of the Church and unto Ecclesiastical Concerns without wresting or perverting any one Text of Scripture § Now the Pope would very much oblige us if he would vouchsafe unto us but only one plain Text to warrant the Powers he exerciseth and lays claim unto over the Laity or how he comes to be so essential to the Church as to be put into the very definition thereof It being plain downright nonsence if it be good manners to say so to aver that any one single person alone how great soever can suffice to make a Church a Congregation for that at least two or three are necessarily required to make an Assembly or Congregation Ecclesia or the Church even in its Natural and Grammatical Construction signifying a Plurality or Multitude be it Civil or Ecclesiastical And as it is a new so it is an absurd kind of Trope devised by the Romanists to make the Pope a single person to signifie the Church I know the Papalins are most excellent Artists most rare Alchymists surpassing even those our Brethren Roseae Crucis who are modest Mountibanks in respect of these Audaces Jesuitae for they took the whole Book of Genesis to found their Phanatick Chymaeraes upon but these can extract their extravagancies out of two or three words only viz. Pasce oves meas i.e. Feed my Sheep out of this Word Pasce Bellarm. hath extracted so many Quintessences so many Elixirs so many Legions of Diabolical or Antichristian Arguments for the Popes Pride and Grandeur that he can hardly desire any thing that these would not afford him will he be a King as well as a Bishop and will he have Temporal Power to be as extensive as his Spiritual Bellarmine assures him that it is so for that Christ said to Peter Pasce i.e. Regio more Impera Play the Rex at pleasure In the ancient Church when any Heresie disturbed the Truth and publick Peace a grave Assembly of Bishops and others were called and the Book of God fairly laid open before them and out of it were all Doubts determined Now Scriptures and Councils are needless Will the Pope be supreme Judge of all Controversies Lib. 4. De Rom. Pontif. C. 1. C. 3. Bellarmine thinks the Claim to be well grounded upon this Pasce Joh. 21.17 And it is
sent it by Stephanus and others signifying unto them that though he were absent in Body but present in Spirit had already judged as present him that had so done and therefore advised them in the Name of the Lord Jesus Christ that being gathered together and his Spirit with the vertue of the Lord Jesus Christ to deliver such a one unto Sathan Now it is observable that when St. Paul wrote this Epistle he was absent at Philippi a City of Macedonia and directed it not to any one single person Pope or other but unto the Church of God which was at Corinth and to them that were sanctified in Christ Jesus called to be Saints with all that in every place call upon the Name of Jesus Christ our Lord both theirs and ours He did not according to Romish Custom write by his Breves I excommunicate such a one and in one Scrap of Paper send as much as in him lieth Kings and Queens and Emperors nay whole Kingdoms and States to the Devil but he wrote to the Church a Collective Body that being gathered together with his Spirit they should deliver that Incestuous person to Sathan And again when he wrote his Second Epistle he directed it also unto the Church of God which was at Corinth with all the Saints which are in all Achaia declaring it sufficient to such a Man is this Punishment which was inflicted of many admonishing them to forgive and comfort him lest perhaps he should be swallowed up with overmuch sorrow whereby it is plain and not to be gainsaid that the Delivering of him unto Sathan be the Punishment be the Censure what it will it was inflicted by many 2 Cor. 2.6 Now if Paul an Apostle would not excommunicate or deliver unto Sathan at his own will and pleasure but would consult the Church that the Matter being transacted by common Authority and Approbation the Censure the Punishment might be performed by Common Consent It being most just and equal and of Moral Right that they who to morrow must deliver such a one to Sathan whom to day they account as a Brother dear in Christ should be fully satisfied why and wherefore Now how came Signore Papa alone to be entituled to exercise Powers greater than the Apostle Paul would use What hath he to do with it more than the rest of his Brethren If so interrogated I can make no other Answer but Ignoramus Moreover hath the practice of Christ's Vicars at Rome been correspondent to that of Paul the Apostle of such esteem and prevalency is publick consent with God himself even in the Affairs of the Church that though in his secret Decree Paul and Barnabas were to be set apart for the Work of the Ministry yet by God's own appointment were they separated after Fasting and Prayer to the same by the Church which was at Antioch Acts 13.2 Thereby teaching us not to despise the Office of the Church i.e. of the Multitude of Brethren where it may be had By these very small Hints it is easily discernable what a Nose of Wax the Papalins make both of Scripture and Tradition and Excommunication their great and terrible Thunderbolt even against Kings and Kingdoms not considering the little efficacy it hath What was the State of Venice and her Duke or Queen Elizabeth and her Dominions the worse for Romish Excommunications and Interdicts or what the worse the Kings of Spain for being excommunicated every Maunday Thursday And indeed what the worse his Holiness at Rome for being solemnly excommunicated every year by the Muscovite Fops § Some indeed of later days have intimated a great and just dislike of those who have hitherto endeavoured to hang Excommunication on some doubtful Places of Scripture but yet endeavour to settle it on another Basis viz. on the Nature and Constitution of the Church Christian as a Society Instituted by Jesus Christ whereby they say it is manifest that if Excommunication cannot be established upon some better and other Bottom than what hath hitherto been laid by their Predecessors on some doubtful places of Scripture it must necessarily decay and fall to the ground moreover they most ingenuously confess themselves unsatisfied as to any convincing Argument whereby it can be proved that any were denied Admission unto the Lords Supper who were admitted to all other parts of Church-Society and owned as Members in them § Though I have said enough already sparsim that if rightly applied doth demolish this Fabrick of Fundamental Right yet I will add a little and but a little more viz. that if by the Word Church in these Positions be meant only the Clergy met or not met in Councils Synods Consistories Convocations or Assemblies as the Representatives of the Church Assembled by their own power as by a Fundamental Right grounded on Christs Institution then to say no more is hereby justified Robert Bruce David Blake and those seventeen Scottish Ministers before-mentioned and their Tenets denying the King and his Council to have any Authority in Matters Ecclesiastical For certainly if God hath given them power of themselves to Assemble and Consult and make Laws and hath not withal given them Force and Power to put them in execution they have only a mock and ridiculous Authority which God never instituted nor ordained And if it be not so meant then they either say nothing to the purpose or equivocate But if herein by the Word * By the word Church may be meant either all Believers holding saving Truth in general of what condition or quality soever or else more striftly the collective Body of the Clergy for if we speak right of the Church Universal or this or that Particular Church as of Spain France England c. this Term may be taken in either of those two Sences Church be meant the Civil Power and Laity together with the Clergy then we are Friends and that Fundamental Right arising from the Constitution of the Church derived from Christ himself of Right belongs to the Commonwealth if Christian and to every congregated Number of Believers gathered in any Gentile State or People and united into one Society and not only to the Clergy thereof and the Laity are as capable and have as much Right to be of such Councils and Synods as the Ecclesiasticks Or that the Church be not semper and perpetuo a peculiar Society separate and distinct from the Commonwealth as certainly it is not or that the Officers thereof as limited by these Positions unto Teachers and Pastors injuriously enough if they pretend beyond Teachings Administrations of Sacraments Imposition of hands for Ordination and the publick use of the Keys are not only inflicters or executioners of Church-Censures as certainly they are not then the very Foundation of this Fabrick for the Support and Justification of Excommunication must necessarily fall to the ground It is true that every Church is a Society or Body Politick though every Society or Body Politick is not a Church every
rows another pretends to argue only against Liturgies in general how consonant soever they be to Gospel-Truths and Doctrines for against such he must dispute or he hath no Adversary that I know of I am sure I am no defender of any other and their Imposition whilst he shoots many envenomed Arrows against our established Liturgy wherein his own consent is involved because established by Act of Parliament and Convocation and perhaps subscribed unto by himself and then concludes That on these and no better terms is that prescribed Liturgy we treat of introduced and imposed which Terms are 1. That it is not appointed of God 2. Not practised in the Purer Times 3. An Humane Invention 4. Hinders Edification 5. An Abridgement of Christian Liberty 6. That it is made necessary by the Commands of Men and then admires with what peace and satisfaction to their own Souls Men can pretend to Act as by Commission from Christ as the chief Administrators of his Gospel and Worship on the Farth and make it their whole business almost to teach Men to do and observe what he never commanded and rigorously to enquire after into the observation of their own commands whilst those of the Lord Jesus are openly neglected I 'le make no exasperating Comment on these and other the like severe Reflections on our Anti-Liturgists because he pretends to use it only by way of Instance neither will I as I said at first go about to defend every thing relating to this or that Liturgy my design being only to defend the Composition Use and Imposition of a wholesom Form of sound words formed into that which we now call a Liturgy It 's enough for me if such a Liturgy may be composed against which there can be no just exception and that there may be such I have never read or heard to the contrary § The Ends of Liturgies our Author reduces singly into one viz. That the Ordinances and Institutions of Christ may be publickly administred and solemnized in the Church with Decency and Order unto the Edification of Assemblies wherein they are used But because he confesseth that there is no other assigned that he knows of I shall take liberty to Assign one or two more though this alone be sufficient 1. That so many Fundamental Truths the necessary and common Food of all the Sons and Daughters of the Church should be daily and purely read and taught as well as the Ordinances and Institutions administred without corrupt Glosses or Comments as may be sufsicient to make the Comers thereunto wise unto Salvation And that our English Liturgy contains such Truths needs no proof it 's Matter of Fact and proves it self And if it doth not appear to be so unto the Author let him discover its desiciency the radical necessary Truth that is not there taught or not rightly taught therein and I shall acknowledge it and yet if it were defective it can only be a just exception against this Liturgy but not against Liturgies in general that may be otherwise composed 2. One other and great End of Liturgies relates to the Civil Magistrates who impose Liturgies as the best Medium to justifie their Pastoral Care pardon the Expression it as rightly belongs to them as to Popes or Presbyters of the Souls as well as of the Bodies of their Flocks their Subjects in that they command them to be daily fed with the sincere Milk and other stronger Meat of the Word Ezek. 34.23 Now Princes are as truly Pastors as Priests and that of Christs Flock yea Pastors of the Pastors as a Bishop once called King Edgar whose principal charge and care is or ought to be that Divine Things may be rightly ordered and the Salvation of Men procured Hence it was that Constantine called himself a Bishop and other Emperors had the Title of Renowned Pontiffs or Priests In the Emperor Martianus the Roman Bishop extols his Priestly Mind and Apostolical Affection and Theodoret mentions the Apostolical Cares of Theodosius wherefore the Kings Power is also Spiritual as it is conversant about Religion which is a Spiritual thing as it is also Military Naval or Maritime c. though he be neither Mariner nor Soldier And Balsamo Bishop of Antioch observes that in those times the Emperors did instruct the People in Religion And how good Josiah went up into the House of the Lord and all the Men of Judah and the Inhabitants of Jerusalem and the Priests and the Levites and all the People great and small and how he read in their Ears all the words of the Book of the Covenant and how he made a Covenant before the Lord to walk after the Lord c. and how he caused all that were present to stand to it c. is recorded 2 Chron. 34. and is worthy of the Imitation of all Princes Such and many other prudent Considerations no doubt made our good Josiah Edw. 6. and his Counsellors however this Author writes slightingly as to the Case of Liturgies f. 37. of that never to be forgotten Reformation to take care that as there is a Common Salvation Jud. 3. and a Common Faith Tit. 1.4 which is alike precious 2 Pet. 1.1 in the highest Apostle and meanest Believer for we may not think that Heaven was prepared for deep Clarks only a Rule of Faith besides that large measure of Knowledge whereof all are not capable common to small and great which they moulded into the Form of a Liturgy if he please to give me leave so to express it and not wrest my words beyond my meaning containing so many Credenda and Agenda so many things to be believed and done by all Christians of such weight and moment that if believed and a Life led accordingly would doubtless bring all such Believers in their appointed times to Eternal Bliss and such Credenda are contained in our Liturgy deny it that can without a Slander For indeed Liturgies have a more special regard to the weaker sort and meanest Capacities Ignorance of Scripture and of the Principles of Catholick Faith that are absolutely necessary to Salvation being a dangerous Gulfe and the chiefest support of Popery and therefore is it so plainly so methodically and in such few apt and Scripture Expressions composed both for the Credenda and the Agenda that the meanest may understand all necessary Truths and not mistake and they are so often read and taught by the frequent use thereof that even Babes do suck them in almost with their Milk and can hardly be forgotten nay the very Solemn Days which by the Ancient Institution of the Church are celebrated for the Commemoration of the Blessed Trinity the Nativity Passion Resurrection Silvest in summa verb. sidei §. 6. Tho. in secunda secundae q. 3. Art 7. and Ascention of our Saviour Christ doth so preserve the memory of these things among the Common People that by the Popish Doctors themselves it is made an Argument of gross and supine Ignorance
Command or Power so to do If he have Power why so angry that he makes use of it If you know a better way teach it if not submit to this and acquiesee This our Author seems to contradict by opposing experience to the contrary and therefore f. 63. he desires that none would be offended if as his own apprehension he affirms that the Introduction of Liturgies was on the account insisted on the principal means of encreasing and carrying on that sad defection and apostacy in the guilt whereof most Churches in the World had enwrapped themselves A bold Charge I confess but not against us and much they have to answer for that impose and use such Liturgies and therefore I shall not be offended at this his Affirmation but shall grant him his desire and conclude upon the truth of it that if Idolatrous Superstitious erroneous and Heretical Liturgies Mass-Books call them what you will for such he must mean have been so powerful and effectual to keep out Truth and prevent the true Worship of God through most Churches in the World what should hinder but that Liturgies teaching nothing but what the Word of God teacheth nor prescribing any thing in the Worship of God but what is according to Scripture I must mind him that I plead for no other should be as powerful and as effectual for the keeping out of Heresie Idolatry Superstition and what ever is contrary unto sound Faith and Doctrine And that they have been so is as certainly verified and as plainly to be demonstrated in all Places where such Liturgies nay though happily not altogether such though I wish they were all reduced to such have been used as that which he affirms of erronious Liturgies § At the Conference that was before King James at Hampton-Court the Bishop of London put His Majesty in mind of what Monsieur Roguë the French Ambassador gave out concerning our Service and Ceremonies upon the solemn view and audience of them viz. That if the Reformed Churches in France had kept the same order among them which we have he was assured that there would have been many thousands of Protestants more there than now there are f. 38. If some Innocent Ceremonies were not commanded and others not so Innocent abolished what could hinder but that Shrines covering of Shrines Trindilles Rolls of Wax Pictures Painting and all other Monuments of feigned Miracles Pilgrimages Idolatry and Superstition long since razed out of the Walls and Glass Windows might be brought into use again If no Liturgies were established and imposed what should hinder but the use of the Service of Th. Becquet and Prayers having Rubricks containing Pardons or Indulgences and all other Superstitions Legends and Prayers should be again introduced And also the use of Hallowing Water Bread Salt Bells Candles on Candlemas-day Ashes on Ash-Wednesday Palms on Palm-Sunday the Font on Easter Eve Fire on Paschal and a Sepulcher on Good-Friday and several Masses contrary to the Form and Order of the Book of Communion all long since abolished in Edw. 6. and Queen Elizabeth's days and we may conclude confidently yet without Arrogancy that such Liturgies are warrantable and profitable and that as many as do walk according to such Liturgies neither overthrowing that which they have built by superinducing any damnable Heresies thereupon nor otherwise vitiating their Holy Faith with a lewd and wicked conversation Peace shall be upon them and Mercy and upon the Israel of God and I appeal to all that shall read this if I may not with as good a Warrant affirm that our Liturgy hath kept out Popery and its Trinkets as he affirm as he doth and certainly they are both equally and alike powerful towards the encreasing and suppressing of true and false Faith Doctrine and Worship And it cannot be denied but that since 1640. since our Liturgy hath been thus vilisied set at naught and disused but that whole swarms of Sectaries like the Frogs and Locusts in Egypt have overspread the Land and that open Profanation Blasphemy Atheisme more in vogue since than before We have hitherto been openly battering his Out-works his main and strongest Forts are yet behind Vide Act Vniform f. 82.140 Car. 2. viz. That Liturgies are a Humane Invention that they occasion neglect and disabilities 63. That they hinder the due exercise and improvement of Spiritual Gifts and it is accordingly done in the imposed Liturgy 67. It says expresly That the Ministers of the Gospel shall not use or exercise any Spiritual Gift in the Administration of those Ordinances for which provision is made in the Book 68. That the Imposition of a Liturgy to be used always as a Form in all Gospel Administrations which he says do consist in Prayer Thanksgiving Instructions and Exhortations sutably applied unto the special Nature and End of the several Ordinances themselves and the use of them in the Church 63. is an unwarrantable Abridgement of that Liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free and therefore sin in the Use and Imposition thereof And as it is a Sin in others to abridge us of the Liberty purchased for us by Jesus Christ so it is in us to give it up and not to suffer in our Testimony for it 69. and then concludes That the great Rule of Administrations is That all things be done to Edification And this is the main End of the Ministry it self in all the Duties thereof that are purely Evangelical and what ever is contrary unto or a hindrance of Edification ought not to be appointed or observed in the Worship of God and such is the state and condition of this Imposed Liturgy in Church-Administrations for the Reasons mentioned c. 10. f 65. § By which it appears that one great Objection in their Esteem though opprobrious only against Liturgies is That they are an Humane Invention Be it so what then Therefore nothing of Humane Invention be it never so consonant and advantagious unto the Truth or the true Worship of God is to be necessarily and indispensibly used in the publick Worship of God If so then by the same Rule and Reason we may conclude that no Man must teach in private or preach in publick for that such Sermons such Catechisings are as truly the Inventions of the Brains of every Individual Person as Liturgies are of the whole Church or its Representative for be it that the Forms of Liturgies were never instituted nor commanded by Christ no more were the Forms of any Sermon or Prayers preached or prayed by particular Men since the days of Christ and his Apostles It is enough that the Subject Matter both of the one and of the other be according to Holy Writ And we may rest assured that as God will bless the Gifts and Labours of private Men in publick Prayers and Sermons so will he also bless the publick delivery of his Word and Mind by such stinted Prayers and such selected portions of Scripture as many learned pious and gifted Pastors
of Humane Authority then there are no things left for the exercise of Christian Liberty but only things indifferent among which Liturgies may be reckoned which Liberty if invaded or infringed by any Humane Authority A great Gospel priviledge is thereby infringed which ought not to be Then I must retort on them also and return their own Weapons upon themselves if every restraint in things indifferent be injurious to Christian Liberty then themselves are no less Injurious by their Negative Restraint viz. use no Liturgy wear not cross not kneel not c. like that Col. 2.1 touch not taste not handle not then they would have the World believe our Church is by her positive restraint unto the use of our Liturgies and Ceremonies therewith used let themselves be Judged whether it is more Injurious to Christian Liberty Publick Authority by mature advice Commanding what may be forborn or Private Spirits through humourous dislikes or at best not upon any demonstrative reasons forbidding what may be used the whole Church Imposing the use Or a few Dissenters requiring the forbearance of such things as are otherwise and in themselves equally indifferent for use or for forbearance Besides if I am not much mistaken the true Nature of Evangelical Liberty as intimated before consists chiefly if not wholly about things of a higher strain and Nature than of matters Indifferent and it will be very hard to prove by any one plain Text of Scripture without Wresting the Liberty so much contended for to be their Gospel and inviolable right when the Power of the Magistrate doth interpose Pro or Con. For if indifferent things be the only subject matter both of Publick Christian Authority and of Christian Private Liberty in every Individual Christian whereon to exercise themselves then the whole Gitt of the Contest will be whether Publick Authority or every Private Person be to be Indulged and Obeyed Judge even ye your selves Judge § Now the best way to my apprehension to understand what the Apostles in their Writings do mean and intend by the Words and Terms of Liberty and Freedom will be to consider them with their opposites viz. Bondage and Servitude and this St. Paul doth as in other of his Epistles so most fully and most plainly in his Epistle to the Galatians where he pursues these two opposite Terms Allegorically under the two Titles of two Mothers the one viz. Agar a Servant gendring unto Bondage the other viz. Sarah a Free Woman gendring unto Freedom thereby signifying the Two Testaments viz. the Covenant of Works and the Covenant of Grace and thereby shewing that the Jews in respect of the Christian Church of the New Testament were as Children differing nothing from Servants but were under Tutors and Governours and in Bondage under the Rudiments of the World i.e. the Law or Ministry of Moses so called in respect of a more full and clear Doctrine in the Ministry of the New Testament Now the Law is a grievous Yoak which none can bear because First it did bind the Church of the Old Testament to the Observation of many and those very costly and burthensome Ceremonies and Sacrifices Secondly because it did bind every Offender to everlasting death Gen. 2.17.3 Gal. 13.3 it is a Yoak as it increaseth Sin not casually but occasionally and as it is the strength of it 1 Cor. 15.56 5. Rom. 20.7 8. and whose property it is to gender unto Bondage But after the fullness of time was come and Christ had Redeemed them that were under the Law they did then receive the Adoption of Sons God had sent forth the Spirit of his Son into their Hearts they were then no more Servants but Sons i. e. such as enjoy the liberty of Sons and were Free indeed because the Son had made them Free John 8.36 so Agar which typifieth the Law is in Bondage with her Children but Jerusalem which is above and typifieth the Gospel is free Gal. 4.25 26. Now Christian Liberty consists first in our being delivered from the Curse of the Law for the breach thereof and from the Obligation of the Law whereby it binds us to bring perfect righteousness in our Own Persons according unto do this and live Secondly From the Observation of the Ceremonial Law of Moses Col. 2.16 Thirdly It delivers from the Tyranny and Dominion of Sin For Sin shall not have Dominion over you for ye are not under the Law but under Grace Rom. 6.14 Fourthly Christian Liberty is to have a freedom in good things we are delivered from our Enemies that we may serve God in righteousness and holiness before him all the daies of our lives without sear Luke 1.47 75. and Paul saith where the Spirit is there is Liberty Cor. 12.3 17. Fifthly It consists in the free use of all the Creatures of God Whatever is sold in the Shambles that Ea◠asking no Questions for Conscience sake 1 Cor. 10.25 27. I have perused these and divers others if not all the places of Scripture urged by several of the Synagogue of the Libertines whereby they lay claim unto their exhorbitant dearly beloved and much Idolized Liberty to do what they list without controle or Inspection into their Actings in and about Holy things and do and whosoever shall soberly and seriously consider them together with their Contexts shall find them all to Center into their own one and the same most naturall and genuine sence and meaning viz. that by Liberty and Freedom in them mentioned is mainly if not meerly meant the Liberty from the Yoak Bondage and Curse of the Law it being a Spiritual liberty in all the parts of it freeing the true Christian from the Servitude of Sin and from all other Yoaks of Spiritual Bondage wherewith Sin hath intangled us and from which Christ the Author of this Liberty hath redeemed us and that the Law of this Liberty is the Gospel and that neither in the Texts of Scripture urged by this Author nor in any other that I know of is there any one Syllable of force to support the Liberty that this Author seems to plead for that is Impeached or Contradicted by the Imposition of sound Orthodox Liturgies Mostly all the Texts wherein Liberty and Freedom are but Named are generally Mustred up as a Cloud of Witnesses to shadow and shelter the Pleaders for their fancyed Liberty that under the pretence and umbrage of them and their corrupt glosses upon them they may with the better grace deny obedience to the Lawful Magistrate in Lawful things in and about the Worship of God and so use or rather abuse their true Gospel Liberty which no man can take from them for a Cloak to cover their Non-compliance with the Lawful Commands of the Civil Magistrate which indeed are the Commands of the National Church which to do is certainly not to approve themselves unto God Workmen that need not be ashamed rightly dividing the word of Truth 2 Tim. 2.15 but by thus perverting and shaping Texts of
that in many places it was irreverently used and cast out of the Church and many other Enormities committed which they seconded by oppugning the established Ceremonies and it is not improbable but that if the Liberty here pleaded for were granted but that the same disorders and confusions would also return and therefore for these also amongst many other reasons Antecedent also as for avoiding diversities of Formes and Opinions and for establishing Consent touching true Religion and Worship and for removing of some Offences taken by Calvin and his followers whose design it was to have this as well as other Churches to depend on his direction It was thought fit by our Learned and prudent Governors both of Church and State the better to settle peace and truth and to keep out Error and Superstition to Establish a Liturgy and Rubrick As Reformation was a Work most glorious so it was a work most difficult because it was to Null and cancel such Customs and usages in Divine Worship as tract of time Age after Age for many Generations had made so habitual and had taken such deep root and Impressions in the Hearts and Souls of the People of all sorts from Father to Son that in humane reason it appeared almost impossible And therefore a Work not to be undertaken by blew-Apron or Tradesmen nor yet by giddy Phanatick Multitude nor indeed by any but by the Supream Magistrate and therefore a Work fit only for a King and such a King only as was fit for such a Work fit to match the Empress of Abominations and of the World and such a King proved Henry the 8th Having great courage and great understanding and great resolution without which requisites he could never have done what he did § As our Author in his sixth Chapter hath given us his Account of the Reformation and of the Introduction of our Liturgy not without some unbeseeming reflections on so great so good a Work to make the better way for the design of his Book so I shall take leave to give you also a short account thereof for the better Justification of our Liturgy and leave the Reader to Judge and favour which he please Tho Henry the 8th from his Cradle lived in an Antichristian Age and Church so that he suckt in the very Milk of the Mother of Harlots and Abominations and tho he made great havock of the Blood of Saints and Martyrs scourging them to Death with his Six knotted-Whip of Articles And tho he made great havock of the Popes Power and Patrimony wrongfully so called and not excrescences For indeed Monasteries c. That he destroyed and took away were for the most part exempt from Episcopal Jurisdiction and wholly depended on the Pope who was not so much the rightful Head of the Church then as was this Henry the 8th and therefore were not so essentially belonging to the Church as were the Bishops and their Patrimony yet it cannot be denied but that he left the Officers and Fathers of the Church that were more truly so the Bishops in many respects in a better condition then he found it both in respect of the Polity and the Endowments of it and also in order to a Reformation of Doctrine and Worship the Polity was mended in that he banished the Power of the Pope and setled it on himself to whom it did more rightfully belong and on his Bishops moderated the extream Severity of the Six Articles abolished the superstitious usages observed on St. Nichola's day all which may abundantly be seen in the Church History and by his Proclamation of Sept. 19. 1530. by a Publick instrument of the Convocation dated March 22. after acknowledging him to be Supream Head of the Church of England as also by several Acts of Parliament viz. H. 24.8 c. 12.25 H. 8. c. 1.20 21. and 28. H. 8. c. 10. In Order to a Reformation H. 8. first permitted the Bible to be Translated by Mr. Tyndall Anno 1530. afterwards Martyr But some Bishops having ill Characterized him to the King it was afterwards suppressed But the Popes Authority declining about the year 1536. the King issued out an Order for a New Translation indulging in the Interim the use of a Bible then passing under a feigned Name of Mathews Bible not much differing from Tyndalls which came forth Anno 1540. which was called the great Bible and sometimes Coverdales Bible or Translation the publick uses thereof and of all other Translations was interdicted 1542. and so continued without leave of the King or Ordinary first had until Edward 6. repealed that Statute and introduced the publick use thereof again according to Miles Coverdales Translation which doth not much differ from Tyndalls from this Translation doth our Liturgy derive the Translations of the Psalms and other Portions of Canonical Scripture since which time we have had two other more exact and refined Translations one in Queen Elizabeth her time called the Bishops Bible another in King James's time that the Psalms and other Portions of Scripture in our Liturgy were not altered in Queen Elizabeths days according to the best Translation then extant was because it could not be done without altering the whole Frame of the Liturgy which the Sages of those times thought not prudent to endeavour by reason of the different temper of those Parliaments in which it had always some potent Enemies but why they were not lately altered with our Liturgy and as the Scotch Liturgy before had been I can give no account If the last Translation be the most perfect why were they not made Conformable to that and so compiled if it be not the best why is it commanded to be used at all H. 8. by his Injunctions 1536 and 1538. abolished Church Holy dayes and Holy dayes in Harvest time he banished the Popes Supremacy and asserted his own he forbade Images and Pilgrimages commanded Prayers in the Mother-tongue and every Parish to provide a Bible in English and to place it in the Quire for every Man to Read therein and no Man to be discouraged from it but to be exhorted thereunto the Lords Prayer to be Learned in English Sermons to be made Quarterly at least with Instructions not to trust in Works divised by Mens fantasies besides Scripture as in wandring to Pilgrimages offering of Money Candles or Tapers to feigned Reliques or Images or Kissing or Licking the same saying over a number of Beads not understood or such like Superstition and therefore all such Images to be pulled down that that most detestable offence of Idolatry may be avoided the commemoration of Tho. Becket to be quite omitted Fox 1247 1250. In farther Order to a Reformation in points of Doctrine he first caused his Convocation Anno 1537. to Compose a Book expounding the Creed the Lords Prayer the ten Commandments the Avy Mary and the seven Sacraments more agreeable to the truth then formerly and it was called the Institution of a Christian Man But this Book lay
Administration of Sacraments Christ prescribed set Forms which all Christian Churches in all Ages have used and they and we ex precepto Christi bound to use them 28 Mat. 19. Go and Baptize in the name of the Father Son and Holy-Ghost So in the Lords Supper take eat this is my Body c. 5o. Justin Martyr in Apologia pro Christianis expresly tells us that in their publick Assemblies they had 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Common Prayers no Directory and among other things Singing of Psalmes 6o. Missa Latina Antiqua published first by Flac. Illiricus afterwards by Card. Bona was in use in the 6th Century and is the freest from all Popish Errors and Superstition of any extant 7o. the Antient Liturgies of James Chrysostome Ambrose c. have been Interpolated and Corrupted is evident and that they had such Liturgies may be as evident from the Words of Cyril of Jerusalem for the Liturgy of James Chrysostome Ambrose others What more sure or sollid Foundation for the Building up Propagating and Establishing of Religion in these our Kingdoms even amongst those of meanest Capacities could be laid than this already laid in our Liturgy by the Fathers of our Church And yet so perverse and froward have many of her Sons been that they have even scorned to Build thereon which frowardness of theirs together with the Idleness and Insufficiency of other Conformists and Non-Conformists conspiring with the Frozen Zeal of the People and together with the open Prophanation of the Sabbath and not putting the Laws in Execution against open and scandalous sins against which there can be no excuse and countenance given to Sin and Sinners either by Sinful Examples or not discountenancing them and a temporising fearfulness in others and out of a cursed modesty not daring to call Vices by their proper names a shrewd sign as one observes of their Raign and Commonness and that great Persons whom it is not safe nor prudent to anger are Infected therewith have very much prejudiced and impeded the growth and spreading of the purity of Religion and Piety within these Realms and Dominions as well as in others for with what considence can we rebuke others for sins that we are Guilty of our selves or Perswade Invite or draw others to our Church If we cannot agree where and how to lay our Foundations and make superstructures § Of old it was the Imputation of Brownists that our Church held it a Piaculum not to wear a Surplice and a Venial Sin to be a Lewd-lived Minister and many late Ichabods and Coblers of Glocester and naked truths make many heavy Complaints against our Clergy Immerito I hope of Jehosaphat it is said that when he went to plant Religion among the People and to prevent Idolatry he sent Levites abroad into Cities of Judah to teach and instruct the People in the ways of the Lord 2 Chr. 17.8.9 The like have our Kings done by their Laws and Bishops yet if notwithstanding all the care to make Laws against Sin and Sinners none do execute them and to furnish his People with able and Laborious Pastors that may feed them with knowledge and understanding the present store of able well-lived-Conformists serve not may I not in compassion to the Churches necessity and to stop the Mouths of all Jchabods modestly wish the removal of some Injunctions that may be spared without prejudice to pure Faith and Worship and some Connivence granted to those that dissent from the Conformers in Judgment for matters of Circumstance and Ceremony whilst yet they Preach true Doctrine and carry themselves peacibly in the Church The Lord would not have the Canaanites at once cast out least the Wild Beasts should increase upon his People Exod. 23.29 Suffer me then having thus totis viribus asserted Liturgies to Plead for Israelites Scrupulous Conscientious Israelites indeed that it may suffice them to lack Livings and the Churches not be deprived of their pains at least let them help to bear part of the Burthen and draw Water for the People out of the Wells of Salvation let them be as Priscilla and Aquilla and Vrbane to Paul Rom. 16. Helpers in Christ Jesus or as Gaius to John who thought himself bound in duty 3 Joh. 8. To receive him and such like that they might be fellow-helpers to the truth And what inconvenience can insue by such Permission or Connivence I cannot foresee so that they Preach in Publick and that Conformity be still reserved as the Qualification to all Publick Ecclesiastical Prefermonts § In the great differences between the Romanists and the Lutherans which began about the beginning of the 16th Century about 1517. It seemed good to the Emperor about 1532. to settle a Peace of Religion called the Interim which was the first tho very small Liberty of Religion which those that adhered to Luthers Confession called the Augustine obtained by Publick Decree for which the Emperor was reproved at Rome as putting his Sickle as they said into another mans Harvest every Prince being obliged by the strictest Bond of Censures to the extirpation of those that were Condemned by the Pope as Luther and his Adherents were by Leo the 10th and also by the Emperor 1520 1521 wherein they ought to spend their Goods Estates and Lives and the Emperors much more because they do so Solemnly Swear unto it but others Commended the Piety and Wisdom of the Emperor for his so doing thereby securing the Lutherans unto him by granting some small Indulgences to them who were Christians tho dissenting from them in some particulars being tolerable differences lest they might have crossed him in his other great Concernments and Wars They said also that the Maxime so renowned in Rome viz. That it is more meet to Prosecute Hereticks Lutherans then Infidels was well fitted to the Popes Dominion and Meridian but not to the benefit of Christendome Alleadging also that Kingdoms and Principalities ought not to be Governed by the Laws and Interests of Priests who are partial for their own Greatness and Profits but according to the exigence of the Publick good of Church and State which requireth now and then some Connivence and Toleration of some defects Moreover that it was the duty of every Christian Prince to endeavour equally that his Subjects and every Bishop his Flock do maintain the true Faith as also that they observe all the Commandments there being no greater Obligation to punish Hereticks or Dissenters than Fornicators and Drunkards or Swearers which all Nations abhor and make Laws against And the Inconveniences by giving some Indulgences to some that do not defend or hold all our Opinions cannot be great but they may be very great by denying them some convenient Liberties and Priviledges thereby keeping up a considerable Party in Animosity that cannot Religiously Conform to every Minute particular § Let us look a little back and abroad and consider what other States even where the Pope and Inquisition do Domine have done
Religion Ordained that all that were in Prison for Religion should be set at Liberty their Processes made void their Offences pardoned and their Goodsrestored and tho the Pope and Parliament did much regret and repine at these Liberties yet in the year 1561. the King by his Edict did Command that no man under pretence of discovering the Congregations for Religion which were forbid should enter with many or few into another Mans House that Prisoners for Religion should be set at Liberty and that those that fled since the time of Francis the 1st might return and repossess their Goods § And in the year 1562. the Queen of Navar Prince of Conde Admiral and the Dutchess of Ferrara having long made request that Places should be allowed to the Huguenots for their Sermons and Worship which being mainly opposed by the Pope and his Papalins Tumults did arise as in other places so more especially in Dyon and Paris most notorious for the Death of many for quieting whereof the King and his Council called the Presidents of all the Parliaments to consider of a remedy that might be sit and Adaequate to the troubles of the whole Kingdom these being all Assembled on the 17th of January it was resolved tho not without great Opposition that the Edict of July should be in part remitted and that the Protestants have leave to exercise their Religion without but not within the City and that they should not be molested in their Sermons and Assemblies Congregated out of the City nor hindred by the Magistrates tho the Magistrates and Officers might be present at their Sermons and Meetings if they pleased Tho the Parliament could hardly be brought to accept of this Edict yet it did take effect and was Published the 6th of March but with this Proviso that it was not to approve the New Religion but only by way of provision until it was otherwise ordained by the King which was soon after For the Enemy of all Righteousness full of all subtilty and all mischief like the Child of the Devil did not cease to pervert the right wayes of the Lord by whose Instigation the Parliament of Paris made a Sanguinary Decree in July following viz. that it should be lawful to slay all the Hugonots which by publick order was to be Read every Sunday in every Parish Thus you see Indulgences have frequently been granted by the Papalins that crudele genus even unto Protestants Hereticks in their esteem when the Peace of the Kingdom and obedience of Subjects become questionable non obstante the Bishop of Rome who cannot think no Persecution severe enough that is less than fire and faggot or what was formerly used against the Albigences of whom Philippus Augustus put to Death 600 in one day and against the Waldenses who were choaked in the Caves whither they fled to hide themselves Herein I desire to be fairly understood that I do not by thus arguing Plead for Tolleration or Connivence towards any Perswasion or Religion who either have no sound Gospel Principles of good Life and good Doctrine or whose Principles and Doctrine are averse and chag-reen to the Publick and Just Interests of States and Kingdoms or whose Morals are like those of the Jesuits or who fail in fundamentals but for those on whom are obtruded or required more performances as necessary than ever God made necessary whereby the Door into the Church and the Gates of Heaven are by the Commands of Men made narrower than ever God made them Opinions and Problems about things indifferent and not fundamental nor yet absolutely necessary ought to keep their just Forms and Bounds and not to be Imposed as Oracles which being of doubtful disputation and the truth of them not to be made evident by any infallible Power of Judicature ought not to be brought into the Family or Tribe of Faith and therefore not to be obtruded or Imposed necessarily because they cannot be made clear Infallibly and because they have no Warrant from Scripture so to do Some Doctrines are absolutely necessary others as clearly not necessary let those be urged as necessary these only left to Men indifferently because indeterminate by Scripture Both Governors and Governed are like Men and subject to like Passions and Biasses peevishness and Impatience of Contradiction or Glory of Conquest may bear sway in either the best of Men are but Men at the best To be free from all Ignorance and error is the great Priviledge of the Church Triumphant when our Faith shall be turned into vision and our dark knowledge into clear Comprehension and therefore to expect an absolute and general assent in all particles of truth is a marvelous Vanity and to exact it a greater Tyranny of pernitious Consequence in the Church Heretofore Wise Princes unless some times over born by the unreasonable importunities of proud and haughty Popes and Prelates indulged Tolleration unto dissenting Brethren whose opinions did not disturb the Publick Peace and Interest of Nations And these latter Ages have given us an undeniable Argument from the good success thereof not without this great reason that prudent Indulgence doth not disturb but secure publick Peace because by so doing there is not so much as the pretence of Religion left to make quarrels withal because it is indulged unto them see the fruits of it in our neighbour Nations whilst France fought against the Hugonots it did but spill her own blood exhaust her own Treasure weaken her own strength and could do no great things abroad but becoming wiser how powerful at home how formidable abroad both by Sea and Land I need not tell but the most remarkable instance is to be collected from the different success of the different tempers of Margaret of Parma in the Government of the Neatherlands and the Duke de Alva when she by her moderation and Clemency had almost quencht the great fire and flame therein kindled He her Successor in that Government managed it with that fury that it proved too hot both for him his Prince and his Religion to abide it He did not consider him that said Fury is not in me 27 of Esay 4th and where is the Fury of the oppressor 51 of Isa 13. him that loveth Violence his Soul hateth 11 Psal 5th for thy Violence against thy Brother Jacob shame shall cover thee and thou shalt be cut off for ever Obad 10. For the Dukelike Jehu most furiously did drive on the designs concluded on at Bajon for the extirpation of the Protestant Religion § Some others not Papalins nor yet Phanaticks are much against any Connivence and not altogether without some shew of reason As that to give Dissenters satisfaction in some requests will but give them encouragement and pretence to prepare more and to think they are their due and that it is easier and more secure to deny their demands than being once gratified tho but in part to prescribe them a measure or a Non Vltra and that the granting
their desires tho but modest will give the party encouragement to believe that they were deservedly desired nay perhaps that they were enforced which opinion alone tho not true but believed to be so might endanger the quiet State of the Church or at least might be a great abetting to their party and obstinacy and keep others from Assenting and Consenting which say some amongst us ought not to be imposed affirming full Assent and Consent in respect of Veracity to be due not to the Scriptures themselves but as they are expressed in their first Original Tongues which opinion if true yet is it no just objection with us for that full Assent and Consent is not required by the Ast of Parliament establishing our Liturgy to the veracity of every thing contained therein but only to the use of it in general § On the contrary in Ballance to these it is averred that it is a Rule in Christian Actions that as evil is not to be done that good may follow so no good of obligation is to be omitted or forbidden for fear that evil may ensue And that the great Wisdom of Experience both of Elder and more puny dayes hath sufficiently taught Posterity that it is sometimes most necessary for the quiet and welfare both of Church and State to yield to the infirmities and scrupulous imperfections of others and to apply and accommodate themselves to that remedy which tho in rigor is not due yet in prudence and equity is convenient and may with good Conscience be tollerated for all Laws ought to be fitted to times and Persons as they alter and change most assuredly the using of some remission in yielding unto the desires of the People in matters which are de jure positivo or Pontisicio of humane sanction only may conduce to the quiet State of the Church but cannot disturb it what else is the whole Regiment or Brigade of things Adiaphorous wherein truth may be on either side without being dissimular to her self If no liberty allowed what availeth the blotting out the hand Writing of ordinances and the Nailing of it to the Cross 2 Col. 14.20 to what end is the purchase of Christian Liberty St. Paul so often boasts of his Doctrine is that he that eats all things or eateth Herbs only or he that esteems one day above another or he that esteems every day alike may do either to the Lord and Eat or not Eat regard or not regard a day Conform or not Conform use or not use Liturgies all may be done to the Lord and why should we then judge one another in the use or disuse of any of these the Kingdom of God is not Meat nor Drink nor Lawn Sleeves nor Surplice nor Capes nor Miter but Righteousness and Peace and Joy in the Holy Ghost 14. Rom. How many things of an indifferent nature might be tollerated in peace and left to Conscience only were it not for great thoughts of heart or for testy Spirits and had we instead thereof but pure Love and Charity and were it not for some secret Hypocrisie that prompts to be ever judging one another saying stand by thy self come not near me for I am Holyer than thou 65 Isay 5. contrary to the Apostolical precept 14 of Rom. 13. let us not therefore judge one another any more but judge this rather that no Man put a slumbling Block or an occasion to fall in his Brothers way to impose more things as necessary than ever God made or imposed as necessary and that under severities what is it less than to create stumbling Blocks or contrive occasions for our Brethren to stumble and fall by It cannot be expected that all Man and things in a Church should be Gold and Silver and Precious Stones there will be some Wood some Hay some Stubble Wheat and Tares good and bad humane Ordinances must grow till the Harvest it is the Angels Ministery not ours that must sever them I intend not here that Superstitions Idolatry or Popery should be tollerated or countenanced which as it self extirpates all pure Religion and undefiled and all civil Supremacies to boot so it self ought utterly to be destroyed Root and Branch yet not by Fire and Faggot not by Crusadoes and cursed Inquisitions but by wholsome Laws and discountenances and other mild means that likewise which is absolutely evil either against Faith or manners as Popery is no Law can possibly Tollerate that intends not to unlaw it self but those bordering indifferent things whether of some point of Doctrine not fundamental or of Discipline which tho they may be many yet may be held without the violation or interruption of the unity of the Spirit or of the bond of Peace and may be permitted I appeal to their respective Judgments who they think in the day of their Account will rather be justified they that are instrumental to Impose or Command things that may be spared in the Worship of God or they that Conscientiously tho Erroneously cannot submit unto the use of such things tho in their own and true nature but indifferent Who made the Schisme between Rome and us Rome imposing or we refusing § The Counsel tho but of a poor Woman of Abel being sollowed saved the City and may not I tho the least in the Church of the New Testament Pleading thus impartially pro and con Dissenters now also intreat that Dissenting Brethren in point of Liturgies and Ceremonies imposed that seeing Atheism Apostacy and squinting toward Rome and the countenancing of sin and sinners is so much feared by them that they would be well advised how they forsake their Mother in this her necessity and not so wholly indulge and please themselves in their own fancies and opinions and thereby adventure rather to Sacrifice Church and State to Schism War and Ruine than forsake their Humors I counsel no Man to do ought no not in things in different with a doubting Conscience Fearful are the Examples of such as are unresolved yield to Practice Notwithstanding give me leave with a Worthy and Reverend Divine to propound as a matter not unworthy their Consideration and Deliberation whether this should not be a Ministers resolution viz. To lay down his Ministery for nothing for which also he ought not to lay down his Life and whether with Comfort may Ministers especially after their allowing of our Liturgy and Ceremonies at the time of their Ordination and by their several Subscriptions and otherwise having thus put their hands to the Plough look back and leave their Calling rather than use the Liturgy and enjoyned Ceremonies in our Church teaching as she doth and practising Gods pure Worship detesting all Idolatry and Superstition and urging Ceremonies Innocent Ceremonies not for Ornament much less for necessity of Gods Service but for decency order and policy only and as means to testifie Subscription to the Lawful Power of the Magistrate I appeal to your selves do you in good earnest think that Paul who accounted
do thwart the designs and interest of some that never think they have Domination enough must there not therefore be a slacking of some severities when for want thereof the peace of the Church is thereby endangered Indeed Pope Adrian the 6th in his Letter dated 25 of Nov. 1552. to the Dyet at Noremberg by his Nuntio advised sar otherwise in the cause of Luther exhorting them to proceed unto sharp and fiery Remedies to cut the dead Members from the Body as Antiently was done to Dathan and Abiram to Ananias and Saphira to Jovinian and Vigilantius and as their Predecessors did to John Husse and Jerom of Praghe in the Council of Constance whose example in his esteem they ought to follow He Wrote Letters also almost to all the Princes of the same purport and tenour terming Martin a Phanatick or Frantick Man The same Council did his Nuntio most vehemently reinforce unto them by 7 mighty reasons as he thought mentioned in his instructions But when he endeavoured to give them satisfaction as to Reformation of the Centum gravamina of the scandals and grievances of the Church and Court of Rome Preached against by Luther and spoken against by all the Empire He was then of another mind and then forsooth the Disease being inveterate and multiplyed it was necessary to proceed slowly in the Cure and to begin from things of greater weight to avoid confounding of all by desiring to do all together and the Court of Rome only was to reform them and they were to rest content with promises only so that Centum gravamina were but gently to be touched not to be rooted out no need of quick and sharp Remedies for the extirpating of them but the Dyel well observing that the Nuntio took wrong measures of good and evil only as they had relation to the Profit Honour and Power of the Court of Rome and not to the necessities of Germany and to the advancement of true Religion and Piety and deeming that the conservation of the peace of Church and State ought rather to incite to do the good that is easie to be executed than to support the evil that is hard to be indured they resused to use such Keen Remedies and that for most weighty and urgent reasons § The plain and demonstrative truth and medium is that as whatsoever is absolutely necessary for real advance and propagation of the Gospel or for the Establishing or well Governing of the Church of the New Testament ought strictly to be asserted so about things indifferent or that are of a middle nature between sit and necessary and not absolutely so there ought to be no Strife no Contention no Crusadoes no Inquisitions no unreasonable severities used considering that Non-Assenters are Heirs of the same Common Salvation and who otherwise do agree in the Fundamentals of the same Common Faith in one Kingdom there being no Reasons that the Consciences of Men sound in Doctrine and Holy in Life and Conversation and willing to Conform tho not to every petit Ceremony yet without any scandalous difference should be Rackt and Ensnar'd by Oaths and Subscriptions unto things doubtful not absolutely good nor yet absolutely necessary and without which the Doctrine would be as pure and the Polity as Excellent as now it is Imposition of such severities for such things where Episcopal Government bears Sway seems to me to disparage and debase even that most Excellent Regiment it self as if that could not Subsist or Flourish except the Mouths of some other Learned and Painful Labourers and Husband-men in Gods Vineyard be Sealed up by Wiles and Snares Certainly Episcopal Government stands not upon such Lame Crutches as that the abatement of some few Rigors in things at best but Indifferent should endanger thereby the overthrow thereof it needs not Certainly it needs no such Artifices for its Establishment it being no more for the Support and Honour of Episcopal Government to have Men Preaching the sincere Word of Truth and living accordingly to be silenced and accounted their Opposites Than it is to have some Conformists to assert it with their Tongues and with their Pens and yet be a reproach to it by being Dumb by their Non-residency by their Lives and Conversations or that it is for others to Drink Swear and Prophane to avoid the Name and Censure of being Puritanical or Presbyterian and that they may be reputed Prelatical But be it a great sin in the Governors and Fathers of our Church to be instrumental to stop the Mouths and hinder the use of Gospel Talents in many of the Inferior Pastors upon slight and slender occasions yet it is a greater Crime for such Inferior Pastors to deprive themselves and their Flocks of the same Gospel Priviledges upon the same or like niceties for that they ought to be more unwilling to separate themselves from the Communion of the Church to which they are called by stopping their own Mouths than to be cut off from the Commonwealth wherein they live It is impossible but that Offences must come 17 of Luk. 1.18 of Mat. 7. and therefore it is impossible that all visible Ministerial Churches or the Polity of them should be pure and uncorrupt or that all should be Israel that are of Israel and therefore some unworthiness in Members and some Corruptions in Officers and some Offices in the Church tho not absolutely necessary may with good Conscience be born withal and that some Errors at least in the Discipline and External Rites may be tollerated seeing there may be the Temple of God tho Prophaned A Holy City without a Wall A Field of the Lord tho the Enemy Sow Tares Look back and Consider that the Jewish Church was stained with almost all Enormities of a higher Nature both for Manners and Faith and yet unto the same all Israelites and Jews whatsoever without difference were Compelled by King Josiah and others when the People of God Worshipped the Calf in the Wilderness when they Adored the Brazen Serpent when they served the Gods of Nations when they Bowed themselves to Baal when they Burnt Incense and Sacrificed unto Idols and for which Gods Wrath was Kindled against them and the Prophets justly Condemned them yet there was pure Corn tho mingled with Tares A Church of some sound tho mingled with some unsound Members which will be unto the Harvest untill the end of the World till the Angells the Reapers come and gather the Tares to be Burned with unquencheable Fire Therefore all Parties and Men of different perswasions ought seriously to Consider that the best Men are but Men at the best alike Subject to Passions and Frailties to have their Affections misperswaded and their Judgments misguided some to have knowledge without Zeal others to have Zeal without knowledge that the greatest Clerks are not always the Wisest men and therefore that both they that have and they that have not the truth or best Pollity on their side in Differences and Disputes of
there is something in Ordination or appendant to it which they receive from the King First Licence to be Ordained and Liberty to exercise what God hath Authorized them to do viz. to Preach Baptize c. In which Ordination also there is if not an Overt yet a tacite and implyed condition viz. Submission to the Imperative Constitutive Government of the present Church that doth permit them to be Ordained Licence them to Preach Establish them a maintenance c. All which if they expect from the Prince all the reason Imaginable that he should judge and appoint who should be capable of such Liberty and maintenance and appoint the qualifications or else if he should give the same Countenance Liberty and maintenance to Popish Priests or Jews why were he to be blamed if he had no Power nor Command from God to Judg to Licence or Tollerate Suppress or Prohibit Therefore if after Ordination and Admission into the Ministery they refuse to submit to the Established Government of the present National Church the same Authority that permitted them Ordination may for sound and good reasons as Warrantably deny them publick preferments and publick places for the exercise thereof for the Application of the Persons to the Charge is wholly in the Body of the Church and Magistrates Power which is one and the same thing whether you consider Independent or not ndependent Churches And I appeal to all the Congregations Presbyterian and Independent whether they will admit any into their particular Societies that will not submit to their Government Constitutive by consent And do not again Excommunicate those that after their admission do deny submission to their Constitutions I would have no man patient in causa laesae fidei yet it is Pauls Counsel and Practise in things indifferent to become all unto all and to be indifferently minded 1 Cor. 9 2â— Moderation what Wise man but approves in external Rites to fit himself to that Church wherein God shall call or occasion him to Live § I will make no severe reflections on any peccadilloes of any persons of any perswasion but believe that as they are all Heirs of the same Faith and of the same Salvation and all Brethren of Christ so they may all meet in Heaven and therefore will exhort all to Unity and and Peace and Love the last Legacy Christ left to Disciples viz. Love one another and I hope they all have the same Christian Love and Charity each toward other Paul and Barnabas Jarred yet Preached the Gospel and why not you Our love to God is more espetially manifested and signalized by our love to Saints for whom we ought to lay down our lives 1 Joh. 3.16 David a King and a man after Cods own Heart solemnly Protests all my delight is in the Saints on the Earth and in such as excell in Vertue 16 Psal 3. The proximity and near Relation that Saints have with Christ should encourage them whom he hath dignified with his own name and Power to prefer the Saints in love To Saul an Enemy David shewed kindness but his Soul clave to the Soul of Jonathan 1 Sam. 18.13 Gods Precepts and Saints Practise oblige us always to limit the specially of our Love to the Houshold of Faith if ye all have Faith towards God of which I make no question why then live ye not in love one towards another why so dissenting why such animosities each towards other scarce affording a good word one of the other I hope you have not so learned Christ Gods love to his Chosen so impartial that whether Graecian or Barbarian Bond or Free all are one in Christ Jesus Gods favours for Salvation are Extended to all Prince Pesant Prelate Presbyter Independent Conformist Non-Conformist Assenter Dissenter Liturgist or Antiliturgist however different among your selves in point of Discipline nothing in Doctrines fundamental All a like Redeemed by the Blood of Christ Sanctified by his Grace and Providence the ground of all Holy Love is the same in all the Image of God the Loadstone of all gracious Affections Apage imbelles quaerimonias A way then with all Animosities all evil speakings and murmurings one against another as if Ca-sirouna dogs â—â—ch to other Beware also of Partiality in affections towards one another must your Love and Testimonies thereof be limited only to place and outwâ—rd Eminency in our Church and of your own rank and perswasion only must Dissenters tho never so Rich in Faith be scarce vouchsafed your Eugè unless the same moment you give them your Vale meats scarce meet for the Dogs of your Flock To such I say with Paul despise ye the Church of God and shame them that have not 1 Cor. 11.22 Be Exhorted therefore without partiality to love each other in good earnest considering that our Love to the Brethren is the best Evidence of our Love towards God and the best Evidence of our Sincerity in loving and surest sign of true Gracious Love when it is Impartial to all tho Dissenting Brethren for if our Love be sincere and without dissimulation it will be impartial and will work no ill to the Brethren and is the very fulfilling of the Law It is not to be denyed but that tho the Body the Catholick Church be one yet it hath many Members and all the Members of that one Body being many are one Body whereof Christ is the Head 1 Cor. 12.12 whether Prelate Presbyter or Independent whether National or Congregational Churches are all Members of the same Catholick Body and therefore I do deem it very unbrotherlike if not unscholastick to stigmatizey either Conformist or Non-Conformist with the name of Seperatist or Schismatick because they all hold the Truth in Righteousness those names more properly belong to Dogs to evil Workers to the Concision of which we ought to beware and avoid 3 Phil. 2. the Conformist and Non-Conformist the Liturgist and Anti-Liturgist they all serve and Worship God in Truth and in Sincerity and give God thanks and are certainly Members of the same Body and neither ought to Esteem other Seperatist or Schismatick but the stronger to bear the Infirmities of the weaker they differing only in Circumstantials not in Fundamentals or things absolutely necessary St. John 3 Ep. Commendeth to Pious Preachers the Example of Gajus and Demetrius for their peaceable deportments towards the Brethren and their love of the Truth and Rebukes Diotrephes for loving praeheminence among the Brethren and for prating against them with usalicious words unbeseeming both Conformists and Non-conformists and not receiving them nor yet the love of the Truth but forbidding them that would and in as much as in them lyeth casting them out of the Church Take heed and by love serve one another for in this one word Love all the Law is fulfilled for if ye bite and devour one another take heed I say ye be not Consumed one of another 5 Gal. 13.14 15. FINIS I Have now done with our Friends at
and Administration of Sacraments they have had from the largess and good graces of good and Pious Emperors tho now so grateful as to scorn to acknowledge them but to claim them by the most potent claim in the World Jure Divino and to fight against the Sons and Successors with the very Weapons which their Fore-Fathers and Predecessors had put into their hands In sum the Popish claim of such enormous and exorbitant Jurisdiction over all Kings and Bishops hath certainly been the grand cause of all the discords troubles and wars in all Countries of these latter Ages Both the Eastern and Western Churches lived in Brotherly Communion and Christian Charity for 900 years or more In which time the Pope of Rome was complemented both by the Greeks and Latins as the Successor of St. Peter and to be the first of the Eastern Catholick Bishops more out of respect of Rome being the Imperial City than of any Divine right he had above his fellow Bishops In the Persecution of Hereticks his help as also the help of the other Italian Bishops was implored and peace was easily preserved because the Supream power was in the Canons to which both Greeks and Latins professed to owe subjection the Ecclesiastical Discipline was exactly maintained in both Churches by their own proper Prelates as it seemed best unto them but absolutely according to the disposition and tenour of the Canons no intruding into one anothers Government but each mutually assisting other in the observation of the Canons In those dayes never any Pope of Rome pretended so much as to confer a Benefice within the Diocess of another Bishop nor had the Court of Rome as yet introduced the Custom of drawing Moneys from others by way of Bulls and Dispensations But immediately after the Court of Rome began to challenge a Freedom from being subject to the Canons and that at their pleasure they might change all Antient Constitutions of the Fathers Councels yea and of the Apostles themselves and endeavored in the room of the Antient Primacy of the See Apostolick to introduce an absolute Monarchy and Dominion not bounded or regulated by any Law or Canons the Division soon sprang up and tho 700 years past Peace and Re-union have been divers times attempted yet could it never be effected because disputes have ever been intended and promoted more than the taking away of that abuse which was the true Cause that brought Divisions in and made the Rupture and is the only Cause that still maintains them Whilst the Churches were united the Doctrine of St. Paul was held by both Churches and observed that in affairs of publick Government all men ought to pay subjection to the Prince because God commands it should be so whom he doth disobey who will not yield obedience to the secular power by him appointed for the Government of all Mankind never did any pretend that he might not be punished for misdeeds holding it for certain that exemption to do evil is a thing condemned both by God and Man the words of St. Paul in those dayes were held for good and sound Doctrine viz. wilt thou not be afraid of the Temporal Power Do that which is good and thou shalt have praise for the same but if thou dost evil be afraid for he beareth not the Sword in vain for he is the Minister of God a Revenger to execute wrath upon him that doth evil Rom. 13.1 2 3 4 5. After the Division of those Churches the same opinion still remained in the East and continues to this day The truth of these things being so undeniable methinks that it would not be unbeseeming him who accounts himself the Father of all Christendom to put off the Mask of Religion and abandon all his pretentions unto unlimited Powers which would in good earnest be for the good of all Christendom considering he hath but one Soul and that he ought to do any thing to save it and nothing to destroy it and that it is not made of any better or other mould or mettal than the Souls of his Brethren in both Capacities of Prince or Bishops and that Heaven and Hell must divide the whole World and therefore he should wave his own private sublunary Interests for the universal good of all Christendom If such considerations move not yet methinks they should consider that the World is now grown wiser and have made a full discovery of the Vanity of all his Excommunications Censures of his Bulls Interdicts c. nay they themselves have made them all Ridiculous in many particulars witness themselves at Rome who Annually with great formality and Solemnity Excommunicate their most Catholick King of Spain every Maunday Thursday for keeping away part of St. Peters Patrimony and with as great Formality and Solemnity absolve him again on Good Friday without giving any satisfaction witness also the Venetians who upon the close with Paul the Fifth so slighted all his Monitories Interdicts Excommunications and Censures that they did not only refuse Absolution and Apostolick Benediction offered by him but also refused to give him the Ordinary satisfaction of words and of all Pontilles Subtleties Ceremonies that might have the least Semblance or appearance of any such thing The Pope finding himself thus baffled and slighted did not desist but had recourse unto little pittiful tricks and Subterfuges and therefore suffered to go abroad and to be divulged Four Counterfeit Writings 1. A Breve to Cardinal Joyeuse which gave faculty to take away Censures 2. An Instrument of Absolution dated April 21 3. An Instrument of the Delivery of the Prisoners 4. A Decree of the Senate for the restitution of the Religious c. which tho they did not dare to divulge in formal Copies yet under-hand dispersed Breviates of them designing that after a while when they might not be so easily detected and discovered they might be produced and pretended to be true and so to be believed of necessity And this Policy hath often succeeded well to these men who have many times given colour to many such false Writings prejudicial to divers Princes So Gregory the Second served Alphonsus King of Spain about the Office of Mozarabes So Innocent the Third Anno Dom. 1 199. saith that the Interdict against France because King Philip Augustus had put away his Wife Isemberge was observed in the Kingdom when there was no such thing So Adrian the 20. Anno 870. sent a severe Monitor to Charles the Bald King of France which afterwards he was fain to recall with many submissive excuses Stories are full of such Artifices § What Pitty nay what shame is it that so great Princes as Popes esteeming themselves Gods on Earth and Vicars of Christ should by taking such wrong measures of their Authority and Jurisdiction be driven to such pittiful tricks to uphold Powers so exorbitant and which were never given unto them by any Law of God or Man Did they but seriously consider 1. That they like Gods