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A10472 A booke of Bertram the priest, concerning the body and blood of Christ written in Latin to Charles the Great, being Emperour, aboue eight hundred yeeres agoe. Translated and imprinted in the English tongue. Anno Dnj. 1549.; De corpore et sanguine Domini. English Ratramnus, monk of Corbie, d. ca. 868.; Lynde, Humphrey, Sir. 1623 (1623) STC 20752; ESTC S115659 40,145 122

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so much divided against it selfe that they cannot by any glue of Concord as Cyprian speaketh nor bond of vnitie be conioyned Cyp lib. 3. Epist 13. Some hold of Paul some of Apollos some allow the Booke others deny the Author Is the Worke man and the Worke divided Is the Author of the Booke commended the Booke it selfe condemned Is this the wisedome and pollicie of the Church to cry some one thing some another like the common Craftsmen for their great Diana of the Ephesians These things were much to be wondred at especially by one that wants perhaps the leisure perhaps the knowledge to search into these doubtfull disputes but that the ingenuous confession of Erasmus will satisfie a further jnquisition It is plainely found saith he that many things in Luthers Bookes are condemned for hereticall which in the Bookes of Bernard and Austen are read for holy and Orthodox Agreeable to that saying of Maldonats Maldon Comment in Ioh. 6. expounding a place of Scripture Although I haue no other Author saith he for my exposition yet I allow it rather then that of Austens and others though it be most probable because this of mine crosseth more the sense of the Calvinists Thus then to end with the Church of Rome with whom I began Isid Pleusit lib. 3. epist 408. Shee is like a Woman fallen from her ancient happinesse and retaining onely some signes thereof she hath the Sheaths and Caskets where the Ornaments lay but the goods themselues she is spoyled off Hence it is that wee are departed from their Church as Moses sometimes departed out of Egypt or as S. Austen from the Maniches Chrysost in Math. Homil 49. We haue departed from them in body they first departed from vs in minde we from them by place they from vs by faith we haue left with them the foundations of the walls they haue left with vs the foundations of the Scriptures We are departed from them in the sight of man they are departed from vs in the iudgement of GOD. And as concerning this Author which I here present vnto you Ierom Epist 126. ad Euagr I will say as S. Ierom answered Euagrius who desiring his opinion concerning Melchisedec whether he were the holy Ghost S. Ierom when he had shewed him the iudgement of the ancient Fathers of whom some thought Melchisedec a Man some an Angell You haue saith he what I haue heard what I haue read touching Melchisedec to bring forth the witnesses it was my part let it be yours to iudge of the credit of the witnesses Behold Gentle Reader the Worke-man and the Worke I haue cited the opinions of the Moderne Writers and of the best concerning this Author it is your part to iudge of the credit of them it was my part to summon their apparance for the tryall of the partie it is your part to iudge of the sufficiencie of their proofe their good agreement amongst themselues You haue the Author aboue 800. yeares continuance you haue his doctrine aboue 1500. yeares if his proofe make it not good we will disclayme both the Author and his Doctrine If such a light did so shine when the Church was so much darkned and obscured with the mists of Ignorāce pittie it were but this Lampe should receiue a new Light by reprinting of him which the Iniquitie of the times hath almost extinguished Briefely all that I can say of the Author is this That which Vincentius Lyrinensis spake of Tertullian may very fitly be attributed to him His words are senses his senses victories and as concerning the Worke and the exquisite performance thereof I will say in two words Exegit Monumentum It may stand and long may it stand a Monument to after Ages that he may be justified in his sayings and cleare when he is judged H. L. ¶ Bertram the Priest his Preface concerning the body and blood of the LORD written to Charles the great being Emperour I Am commanded by you famous Prince to declare vnto your Highnesse What iudgement I am of concerning the mysterie of the Bodie and Blood of Christ Certaine it is that as this commandement doth well beseeme your magnificall and Princely estate so is it a most hard thing to be performed by my poore and small power For what is more meete for your Kingly Providence and government than in respect of your selfe to be vniversally wise concerning his holy mysteries who hath vouchsafed you worthy of the Kingly seate and in respect of your Subiects not to suffer them to thinke divers things concerning the bodie and blood of Christ in which doubtlesse consisteth the whole summe of Christian Redemption For while some of the faithfull affirme that the mysterie or Sacrament of the body and blood of Christ which is daily celebrated and administred in the Church is done vnder no figure and vnder no cover at all but perf●●med vnder the naked manifestation shew of the truth it selfe and againe while other some testifie that these things are conteined vnder the figure of the mystery and that it is one thing which appeareth to our bodily senses and another thing that our faith looketh vpon it plainly appeareth that there is no small diversitie and difference amongst them And whereas the Apostle writeth vnto the faithfull people That all of them should savour one thing 1 Cor. 1.10 and speake one thing and that no schisme should appeare amongst them we must needs say that they are by no small schisme divided and rent asunder who not thinking the selfe same things doe speake diversly of the mysterie of the bodie and blood of Christ Wherefore your Kingly Maiestie and Highnesse being provoked no doubt with the zeale of Religion though perhaps not quietly and indifferently considering of these things and desiring also that all men should according to the Apostles Commandement thinke and speake one thing doth diligently search for the mysterie and secret of truth that so you may call backe such therevnto as haue wandred and strayed Wherevpon also it commeth to passe that you disdaine not to demand and aske the truth of this matter even of very poore and base men perswading your selfe that the mysterie of so great a secret cannot be knowne but by inspiration and revelation from God who having no respect of persons sheweth forth the light of his truth by whomsoever he himselfe hath chosen to so great a matter Now as it is very pleasant for me poore man to obey your Commandement so I confesse it is a very hard matter for me to dispute and reason of a matter so farre estranged from mans vnderstanding and senses and into which a man cannot pearse or enter but by the instruction and teaching of the holy Spirit Wherefore I being at this present subiect to your Highnesse commandement and yet trusting and cleaving to the ayde and assistance of him of whom we will speake will assay by what words I can to open my iudgement concerning
this mysterie take and vnderstand nothing according to the hidden power that lyeth within but iudge of the whole according to that which visibly and outwardly appeareth I would faine haue these men I say to tell me in what respect the change is made in this mysterie If they will say that it is made in respect of the substance of the creatures I answere that that cannot be so for in respect of the substance of the creatures look whatsoever they were before consecration they are even the same afterwards but they were Bread and Wine before and therefore they remaine the same which is proved because we see that even when they are consecrated they remaine in the same kinde and forme Wherefore that which our faith looketh vpon is changed inwardly by the almightie power of the holy Ghost and is it that which feedeth the soule and ministreth or yeeldeth the substance of eternall life Againe the same Doctor a little after saith Why doest thou here Amb. loco supra citato in the mysterie of Christs bodie seeke for the order of nature seeing that he being the Lord God himselfe was beside and without the course of nature borne of a Virgin Obiect Here the hearer scholler or learner riseth vp and saith That that is Christs body which is seene and that that is his blood which is drunke and that wee must not inquire how it is made or become his body but beleeue hold that so it is become his body Answ I answere Thou imaginest and supposest that thou thinkest well but if thou diligently looke into the nature force of the words thou shalt see thou sayest nothing For thou affirmest both that Christs body is seene and his blood drunke and also that thou doest faithfully beleeue it to be Christs bodie and blood but I say that these speeches cannot stand together because if thou doest beleeue it thou doest not yet see it 2 Cor. 5.7 for we walke by faith and not by sight And againe if thou seest it thou shouldest say I see it to be Christs very body and blood and shouldest not say I beleeue it to be Christs body and blood But for as much as faith beholdeth that whole thing whatsoever that whole thing it selfe be and the eye of flesh apprehendeth or laieth hold of nothing the scholler or learned shall vnderstand which is also the Doctors meaning that those things which are seene are the body blood of Christ nor in kinde and forme but in vertue and power wherevpon also he saith that we must not in this matter consider or behold the order of nature but reverence and esteeme the high power of Christ which maketh every thing as he will how he will into what he will and createth that which was not and being created changeth it into that which it was not before The same Author addeth Verily Amb. loco eodem that is the true flesh of Christ which was crucified and which was buried and therfore this mysterie must be in deede the Sacrament of that flesh which thing the Lord himselfe publisheth proclaimeth saying This is my body O how diligently and how wisely is this distinction and difference made Of the flesh of Christ which was crucified and which was buried according vnto which also Christ himselfe was both crucified buried the Doctor saith that it is the very and true flesh of Christ but of that which is received in the Sacrament he sayth It is indeed the Sacrament of that true flesh By these words distinguishing the Sacrament of his flesh from the truth of his flesh or very flesh in as much as in respect of the truth of that flesh which he tooke of the Virgin he said that he was both crucified and buried And wheras he said that the mystery which is at this day celebrated in the church is the sacrament of that very and true flesh in which Christ was crucified he doth plainely instruct and teach the faithfull people that that flesh in which Christ was both crucified and buried is not a mystery or Sacrament but the truth of nature and on the other side he teacheth them that this flesh which now in a mysterie doth containe the likenesse of that flesh is not that flesh in kinde or forme but in a Sacrament for in kinde and forme it is Bread but in a Sacrament it is Christs very true bodie Mat. 26.26 Ambr. loco citat as the Lord Iesus himselfe affirmeth saying This is my body And the same Doctor in the words following saith Mat. 6.31 What these words should meane mentioned in Matthew what shall we eate or what shall wee drinke the holy Ghost hath in another place and after another sort expressed by his Prophet saying Taste yee and see Psal 34.8 how gracious the Lord is blessed is the man that trusteth in him Doth that same Bread thinke you being tasted bodily or that same Wine being drunke corporally declare and shewe forth how sweet the Lord is No verily for whatsoever it savoureth it is bodily and delighteth onely the palate and throate Shall we thinke that this is to taste the Lord to wit to feele and savour some bodily thing No verily for the spirituall tasting and savouring of the Lord stirreth vs vp to haue little or no regard yea to be voyde as it were of bodily savouring and in that Bread and in that drinke to imagine or thinke of nothing corporally but to feele and perceiue the whole spiritually because the Lord is a spirit Ioh. 4.24 and blessed is the man that trusteth in him And againe afterwards he saith thus Christ is in that Sacrament Amb. loco eodem because it is the body of Christ wherefore it is not bodily meate but spirituall foode What could be spoken more plainely more manifestly or more heavenly for he saith Christ is in that Sacrament and yet he saith not that that Bread and that Wine is Christ which if he should say he should set forth Christ as though he were corruptible and subiect to mortalitie which be it farre from vs to thinke much more to speake for it is certaine that whatsoever in that meate is either bodily seene or bodily tasted all that is subiect to corruption The Doctor addeth these words Because it is the body of Christ But perhaps here some man will stand vp and say Behold he manifestly and plainly confesseth that that Bread and that Wine is Christes body But withall marke I pray thee how presently he addeth That it is not bodily meate but spirituall foode Bring not with you therefore the sense and feeling of the flesh for by that nothing either is or can be perceived in this mystery It is indeed Christs body howbeit not his bodily bodie but his spirituall body It is Christs blood but not his bodily blood but his spirituall blood Wherfore nothing here is to be iudged felt or perceived bodily but spiritually It is
this matter not leaning in the treatie thereof to mine owne wit but pursuing and treading in the footsteps of the holy and auncient Fathers HERE BEGINneth the Booke of Bertram the Priest touching the body and blood of the Lord which he wrote to Charles the Great being Emperour YOur Highnesse Excellency demandeth 1 Two questions whether that the body and blood of Christ which in the Church is receiued by the mouth of the faithfull bee done in a mystery or in truth and verity that is to say whether it containe some secret thing which is euident to the eyes of faith onely or whether without the vaile or couerture of any mystery the bodily sight doe outwardly behold that which the sight of the minde doth inwardly looke vpon so that whatsoeuer is done appeareth manifestly or no And this is the first question The other is whether it be that very body that was borne of the Virgin Mary that suffered that died that was buried and that rising againe ascēding vp into heauen sitteth now on the right hand of the Father or no Now let vs looke into the first of these two questions and lest wee be letted with ambiguity and doubtfulnesse let vs define what a figure is and what the truth is that so beholding and perceiuing some certainty wee may know whither wee ought to deferre the course of our reasoning A figure is a certaine shadow by certaine vailes couertures as it were that is to say darkely declaring the thing which it intendeth to manifest as for example when wee minde to speake of Gods Word we call it bread so in the Lords Prayer wee desire to haue daily bread giuen vs. Also when Christ in the Gospell speaketh Mat. 6.11 saying I am the living bread which came downe from heaven Likewise Ioh. 6.51 when hee calleth himselfe a Vine and his Disciples branches saying I am the true Vine Ioh. 15.1.5 and yee are the branches For all these sayings seeme to speake one thing and yet meane another thing As for that which wee call verity or truth it is the declaration of a manifest and plaine matter which is not couered with any shew of shadowes but insinuated and delivered with pure and open or to speak more plainly with naturall significations as when it is said That Christ being borne of a Virgin suffered death was crucified Mat. 1.25 1 Pet. 3.18 1 Cor. 2.2 Ioh. 19.40 c. dead and buried Heere verily is nothing shadowed with figures ouer-couering the same but the truth of the things declared by the significations of naturall wordes or speeches neither may we heere vnderstand any other thing than that which is spoken and expressed But it is not so in the former sentences for neither is Christ the bread substantiallly neither is Christ a Vine substantially neither are the Apostles branches substantially wherefore in these latter speeches there is a figure and in those former the truth that is to say a naked and open signification is declared by narration or plaine speech Now let vs returne to those things that is to the body and blood of Christ for whose these points haue been propounded and vttered Truly if that great mystery be celebrated and done vnder no mystery at all then it is not rightly called a mystery because that cannot be called a mystery or secret wherein there is no hidden thing and wherein there is no matter remooued from our bodily senses and wherein there is nothing covered with some vaile or couerture But that bread which by the Ministery of the Priest is now become the body of Christ doth shew one thing outwardly to mans senses and soundeth another thing inwardly to the mindes of the faithfull Outwardly indeed the form of bread which it had before is set out the colour thereof is shewed and the savour thereof received and tasted But inwardly a thing farre differing yea and much more precious and excellently is shewed and set forth and I say it is much more precious and excellent because it is heauenly and because it is diuine I meaning hereby that Christs body is manifested which is either seen or receiued or eaten not with the senses faculties or power of the flesh but with the eye and sight of a faithfull or beleeving minde The wine also which by the Priest through consecration is become the Sacrament of Christs blood setteth forth one thing outwardly and containeth an other thing inwardly For what other thing is superficially and outwardly locked vp then the substance of wine Taste it and it savoureth and smacketh wine smell it and it smelleth wine looke vpon it and thou mayst behold the colour of wine But if a man do consider it inwardly then it being not the liquor of wine but the liquor of Christ blood so savoreth to the beleevers minds while it is tasted and is so acknowledged while it is beheld and is so proved to be whilest it is smelled It is manifest that these things are so seeing no man can deny them to be true because the Bread and the Wine is figuratiuely Christs body blood For outwardly and according to that which is seene neither is any kind or shew of flesh knowne to be in that Bread nor any drop of blood shewed forth in the Wine and yet for all that after the mysticall consecration the Bread is no more called Bread nor the Wine Wine but both of them together are called the body and blood of Christ For if according to some mens mindes nothing were in this matter taken figuratiuely but the whole were considered and looked vpon in veritie or truth then should faith worke nothing at all therein because that no spirituall thing should be performed but looke whatsoever the thing it selfe were even that wholly should be taken according to the body and a mans fleshly vnderstanding Heb. 11.1 And seeing that faith as the Apostle saith is the argument and evidence of such things as appeare not that is to say not of such substances as are seene but of such as are not seene we shall then in this action receiue nothing according to faith because that we discerne and iudge of all that is in it according to our bodily senses And what I pray you can be more absurd then to take Bread to be flesh and to affirme that Wine is blood And a mystery that cannot be in which there is no secret or hidden thing conteined And how can it be said to be Christs body and blood in which it is not known that there is any change made Now every alteration and change He proueth by three sorts of change that there is no change made in the elements of the Supper is either made from that thing which actually it is not into that which actually it is or els when it is changed from that which it is into that which it is not or from that which it is to wit in respect of quality to that
were Sacraments and are diverse or differing one of them from another in respect of their signes but are equall and like yea all one in the matter that is signified by them Hearken what the Apostle Paul saith 1 Cor. 10.1.2 c. I would not haue you ignorant brethren that all our Fathers were vnder the Clowd and that all passed through the Sea and were all baptised vnto Moses in the Clowd and in the Sea and did all eate the same spirituall meate and did all drinke the same spirituall drinke Verily they had the same spirituall both meate and drinke but another bodily both meate and drinke for they had Manna and we another thing and yet they had the same spirituall thing that we haue And the Apostle addeth and they did all drinke the same spirituall drinke They drunke one thing and wee another but that was in respect of visible kinde or forme and yet they both signified one thing by spirituall power For how otherwise could it be the same drinke They drank saith he of the spirituall rock that followed them and the rocke was Christ From thence came the bread from thence came the drinke The rocke was Christ in sign figure but the very true Christ is in word and in flesh Againe Aug. tract eodem in the same place This is the bread that came downe from heaven so that whosoever shall eate of it shall not dye but yet hee must eate that which appertaineth to the vertue and power of the Sacrament and not that onely which appertaineth to the visible Sacrament And such a one is hee as eateth inwardly and not outwardly only and as eateth the same in his heart through faith and not that pearceth or presseth it with his teeth And in another place of his saide Exposition vpon Iohn bringing in our Saviours words hee speaketh thus Aug. in Ioh. tract 27. Doth this offend you that I said behold I giue you my flesh to eate and my blood to drinke What then if ye shall see the Sonne of man ascend vp where he was before What meaneth this Doth hee by this speech loose that which moved them Doth hee by so saying open that wherewith they were offended Yea verily and that fully also if they could haue vnderstood it For they thought that he would haue given his body but hee said that hee would goe vp into heaven and that whole as he was as though he should say When yee shall see the Sonne of man ascending vp where hee was before at the least even then yee shall know that hee will not giue his body after such a manner and fashion as you imagine and fantasie yea and even then also yee shall vnderstand that his grace is not consumed or eaten vp by bytings and morsels For the Lord himselfe saith It is the spirit that quickeneth the flesh profiteth nothing And after that hee had vttered many words and sentences hee againe addeth Aug. tract eodem Rom. 8.9 Whosoever saith the Apostle hath not the spirit of Christ the same is none of his Wherefore it is the spirit that quickneth the flesh profiteth nothing The words that I haue spoken vnto you are spirit and life What meaneth this that they are spirit and life That is to say they must be spiritually vnderstood Hast thou vnderstood them spiritually then are they spirit and life to thee Hast thou vnderstood them carnally yea even so are they spirit and life but not vnto thee By the authority of this Doctor handling the Lords words concerning the Sacrament of his body and blood wee are plainely taught that those words of the Lord must bee vnderstood spiritually and not carnally even as himselfe saith Ioh. 6.63 The words which I speake vnto you are spirit and life yea even those words verily which hee spake concerning the eating of his flesh and the drinking of his blood For he speaketh of those words wherewith his Disciples were offended Wherefore to the end they might not be offended the heavenly Master or Teacher calleth them back frō the flesh to the spirit and from bodily sight to invisible vnderstanding We see therefore in what respect that meat of the Lords body and that drinke of his blood are truly and indeed his bodie and truly and indeed his blood to wit in respect that they are spirit and life Moreover such things as bee all one are contained in or vnder one definition Now it is affirmed of the very and true body of Christ that hee is very God and very man God as hee was begotten of the father from before all beginnings and man as hee was towards the end of the world conceived and borne of the Virgine Mary But these things cannot bee said of that body of Christ which by a mystery is celebrated and administred in the Church and yet it is after a certaine manner knowne to bee Christs body now that manner is in figure and representation that so the truth and the thing it selfe may bee the better perceived In these prayers which are sayd after the mystery of the body and blood of Christ and whereunto the people answer Amen thus it is vttered with the Priests voyce Wee that doe take or receiue the pledge of everlasting life doe humbly beseech thee to grant that we may with a manifest and plaine partaking receiue that which we touch in the image or representation of the Sacrament Now wee know that a pledge and an image or representation appertaine to another thing that is to say haue respect not to themselues but to another thing For a pledge is a pledge of that thing for the pledging whereof it is given and not the thing it selfe as likewise an image is the image of that thing the likenesse whereof it doth represent or shew forth For these things doe signifie the thing it selfe whose picture and pledge they are and yet for all that they doe not very manifestly declare the things themselues Which seeing it is so it plainely appeareth that this body and blood are the pledge and as it were the picture or representation of a thing that shall be to the end that that which is now shewed by a similitude may in time hereafter to come be by manifestation or manifestly revealed Wherevpon I conclude that if now they signifie and in time to come shall make manifest or lay open that then that is one thing which is done and performed now and that that is another thing which shall in time to come be manifested and layd open Wherefore that which the Church celebrateth and administreth is both the body and blood of Christ but yet as a pledge and as it were the picture or representation But then it shall be the truth when as now not the pledge nor the picture or representation of the thing shall appeare but the truth of the thing it selfe Also in another place of the sayde prayers We beseech thee Lord to graunt that thy
Sacraments may worke that in vs which they doe containe that looke what we now administer and receiue in forme we may also receiue it in the truth of the things He saith that these things are celebrated and done in shew forme and not in truth that is in similitude or likenesse and not in the declaration of the thing it selfe Now the forme and shew of a thing and the veritie or truth of the selfe same thing differ one of them from another Wherefore that body and blood which is celebrated and received in the Church differeth from that bodie and blood which is known to be now glorified in Christs body thorow his Resurrection And the former of these two bodies is a pledge and figure and this latter is the very truth it selfe for the former is celebrated and administred till such time as we may come to the other but when we shall once come to this latter the former shall be removed and taken away Wherefore it appreareth that they are by a very great difference sundred one of them from the other yea looke what difference there is betweene the pledge and thing for which the pledge is given and betweene an Image or the thing whose Image it is or betweene the forme and shew of a thing and the truth it selfe so much difference there is betweene the one and the other Thus we see that that mysterie of the bodie and blood of Christ which the faithfull doe nowe receiue in the Church doth much differ is farre severed from that body which was borne of the Virgin Mary which suffered which was buried which rose againe which ascended into heaven and which sitteth at the right hand of the Father For that which is celebrated received while we are in the way of this life must be spiritually received and vnderstoode for Faith beleeveth the thing which it seeth not layeth hold of that which doth spiritually feed the soule and make glad the heart and giveth eternall life and incorruption whilest we looke not vpon that which feedeth the body or is pressed with the teeth or is broken in peeces but that only which is spiritually received in faith whereas that bodie in which Christ suffered and rose againe is his owne very body which he tooke of the body of the Virgin Mary which also was palpable and visible yea and that after his Resurrection even as he himselfe saith vnto the Disciples Luke 24.38.39 Why are yee troubled and wherefore doe thoughts and doubts arise in your hearts Beholde my handes and my feete for it is I my selfe Handle me and see for a spirit hath not flesh and bones as yee see me haue Let vs heare also what blessed Fulgentius writeth in his Booke of Faith Looke that thou doe most stedfastly beleeue Fulgen. de fide and at no hand doubt that the onely begotten Word of God became flesh Ephes 5.2 and offered vp himselfe for vs as an offering and a sacrifice of a sweet smelling savour vnto God Vnto whom with the Father and the holy Ghost the Patriarkes Prophets and Priestes did in the time of the olde Testament offer vp Beasts and sacrifice them and vnto whom also with the Father and the holy Ghost with whom he is of one and the selfe same God-head the holy Catholique Church being dispersed throughout the whole world ceaseth not in faith and loue to offer vp the sacrifice of Bread and Wine For in those sacrifices of flesh and Beasts there was a signification of Christes flesh which even he himselfe being without sinne should offer for our sinnes and of his blood also which he should shed for the forgiuenesse of our sinnes but in this sacrifice of Bread and Wine there is a thankesgiving for and a remembrāce of that flesh of Christ which he offered vp for vs and of that blood which he himselfe being very God did shed for vs Act. 20.28 of which S. Paul speaketh in the Acts of the Apostles and in the xx Chapter of the said booke saying Take heed vnto your selues and to all the flocke whereof the holy Ghost hath made you Bishops or over-seers to governe the Church of God which he hath purchased with his owne blood Wherefore there was in the former sacrifices figuratiuely signified that that should be given to vs but there is in this sacrifice evidently and plainely declared what is given vnto vs. Now the Doctor in saying that there was in those sacrifices signified what should be given vnto vs and that in this sacrifice there was declared what was given vnto vs alreadie he doth plainely declare that as those sacrifices had the figure of things to come so our sacrifice is a figure of things that are past By which speeches he hath most evidently declared what great difference there is betweene that bodie wherein Christ suffered and this body which is celebrated and administred in the remembrance of his Passion or death For that body wherein he suffered was his proper and very or true body having no mysticall or figuratiue matter in it But this latter is a mysticall bodie shewing one thing outwardly in figure and inwardly representing another thing thorowe the vnderstanding and apprehension of faith Moreover let vs adde and put downe one other testimony of that reverent Father Augustine which shall both warrant the truth and credit of our sayings and make an end of our Oration and speech In a certaine Sermon Aug. de sacra altar Serm. which he made to the people concerning the Sacrament of the Altar thus he saith The thing which you see on Gods Altar you saw the same the night that is past but as yet yee haue not heard what it is what it meaneth and of how great a matter it containeth the Sacrament The thing which you see is bread and the cup which thing also your owne eyes doe declare vnto you but as concerning that wherein your faith requireth to be instructed the Bread is the body of Christ and the cup is his blood Truely this is shortly sayd and it may be perhaps sufficient for faith but yet faith alwayes needeth instruction Esay 7.9 For the Prophet sayth Vnlesse yee beleeue yee shall not vnderstand You may peradventure say vnto me Thou biddest vs beleeue but yet we say declare it vnto vs that we may vnderstand For such a thought may arise in some mans mind We know from whom our Lord Iesus Christ tooke his flesh to wit of the Virgin Mary hee being an Infant did sucke and was nourished and did grow and came to mans age he suffered persecution at the Iewes handes he was hanged vpon a tree he was killed he was taken from the Crosse he was buried the third day he rose againe he ascended into heaven even what day pleased him thither he carryed vp his body from thence shall he come to iudge the quicke and the dead and he is there now sitting at the right hand of the Father
haue decreed him to be included in the number of Authors prohibited So then you haue two principall Iudges a Pope a late Councell condemning him and yet this may be thought a strange thing that without a legall proceeding without triall of the partie without hearing him or his Advocate speake for him to adiudge him Is it worse with the Church of Rome at this day then it was with Heathen Rome in the time of Caesar Behold what Festus the Governour answereth Pauls accusers in the like case Acts 25. vers 16. It is not the manner of the Romans to deliuer any man to dye before that he which is accused haue the accusers face to face and to haue licence to answere for himselfe concerning the crime layd against him If Bertram had beene arraigned and condemned when he was liuing if his accusers had beene brought face to face before the Emperour there might haue bin some pretence some Plea some Record against him but after seven hundred yeares continuance to giue sentence and to sit in condemnation against him as Plaintife Witnesse and Iudge that is neither allowable in Church nor State Well what will Bertram doe in this case Surely he will appeale as Paul did to Caesar but to whom Not to one man alone but to a multitude not to an ignorant multitude but to a learned to a Vniversitie not on our side for they would be partiall but on theirs the famous Vniversitie of Doway in France there he was a free denison bred and borne and his request is to be tryed by his Countrie Since therefore he hath appealed to the learned men of Doway to Doway let him goe Now I pray what will these Iudges doe They heare the Popes sentence the Councels decree the Inquisitors severe Iudgement they weigh soberly his accusers reasons they examine diligently the Author himselfe and finding the former doome too heavie for so slight errors committed by him they repeale the sentence and vpon more mature deliberation had of the Author and his Doctrine with the consent of Philip the second and the Duke of Alba to all the Romish Catholiques in his behalfe sendeth this Greeting Ind. Expurg Belgic p. 5. edit Antw. An. 1571. Although we care not greatly for this Booke of Bertrams whether it be extant or no yet because it is often printed and read of many and the Heretiques know by a Catalogue of forbidden bookes that he was a Catholique Priest and deare vnto Charles the Great and because we Comment vpon other Writers of the same age and extenuate their errors oftentimes by a favourable construction of them by the same reason wee may allow Bertram and acknowledg him for there is nothing worthy of reprehension in him setting aside a little obscuritie in his stile and his ignorance in vsing some darke words and sentences which with marginall notes affixed may manifest the true sence and meaning of the Author Here then is his last definitiue sentence pronounced they allow the Author and they allow the worke so that a right construction be ioyned to his right meaning and that no misprision may happen to the parties on both sides the Iudges in the particulars haue delivered their Observations Viz. di where he sayes Lege in Iudia Expurgat Belgic edit An. 1571. Visibiliter 1. Invisibiliter Substantia 1 Accidens folio 1137. visiblie that is to be read and vnderstood say they Inuisiblie and where he sayes infrà versu 36 the Substance of the creature which was before consecration remayneth after consecration by the substance is meant say they the Accidents do remaine Thus our Adversaries haue a free dispensation to reade him with these and the like conditions expressed It is freely granted let it be freely accepted Now if I should question how it were possible that the substance of bread should be annihilated and the accidents remaine without a Substance it were no disparagement for me not to vnderstand it for I doubt not Ind. Expurg Belg Antw. An. 1571. saith the Index Expurgatorius but Bertram in those times was ignorant how the accidents could exactly subsist without any substance which this later age hath most subtilly and truely found out De Transub lib. 2. cap. 7. Breve et simplex siue vllo incommodo responsum Neither is it to be maruailed saith Gregory de Valentia that some ancients haue both thought and writ lesse consideratly concerning Transubstantiation and this is an answere saith he briefe and simple and no way inconuenient The reason as I conceiue is given by another of their side The Doctors of these latter times haue attained more vnderstanding in some things then the ancient Fathers Dominic Bannes 22. pag. 58. c. for they are like children say they standing on the shoulders of Gyants who being lifted vp by the talnesse of the Gyants no marvaile if they see further then they themselues It is true indeede that this doctrine in Bertrams time had not that full streame and generall currant as it had in the ancient Fathers time before it as it appeares in his Preface to Charles the Great Neither was this Doctrine broached by a Novelist for then the Emperour would haue condemned it or at least-wise haue confuted him neither did he alone in this time hold this doctrine for Scotus about that time wrote a Booke of the same subiect Alcui lib. de divinis offic Beda lib. 2. de Tabernac cap. 2. Carol. Magnas in Epist ad Alcuinū lib. 2. de offic pa. 100 Edit Coloniensi Alcuinus Tutor vnto the Emperour Venerable Bede Charles the Emperor himselfe did all savour one thing and speake one thing at the same time with the same Author Neither did he in this opinion leane to his owne witt but did pursue and tread in the foot-steps of the holy and ancient Fathers Such was his answer to the Emperour and such will his Doctrine manifest it selfe vnto the Reader Neither could this Doctrine be hereticall Petigian in 4. Sentent d. 10. 9. 1. art 1. pag. 353. for sayth Petigian for a thousand yeares after Christ and more there was no Heresie in the Church concerning the Reall presence as it appeares saith he both by sacred Councels and doctrine of the Fathers Besides if this Author had bin single in his opinion as he was singular how comes it to passe that in these times he is so much opposed and in former ages hee was not confuted To question the Writers to obscure the Authors to mutilate their Bookes argues a distrust of the truth and goodnesse of the cause and as Arnobius sometimes answered the Gentiles To intercept our Writings Arnib adversus Gentil lib. 3. and to drowne our Authors it makes no defence for your Gods but rather it argues your feare least the Truth should appeare Besides how comes it to passe that there is such difference of opinions concerning this man how is it that their kingdome is