in the heavenâ— Baronius who records this Letter An o 755. numb 17. was it seems pretty well perswaded by it that the Pope and Peter were all one For in his Exhortation or Paraeneses to the State of Venice being then upon differences with Pope Paul the fifth he stileth him in plain terms thus Paulus idemque Petrus vicem Christi agens in terris i.e. Paul who is also Peter and Christs Vicegerenâ— But leaving these imaginary clames and challenges of S. Peters privileges though they did really advance the reputation of that See in the darker times two things there were which did exceedingly conduce to the improvement of their power in the more knowing and discerning times of Christianity Of which the principall was the Orthodoxie of the Bishops or Popes of Rome their eminent and sincere profession of the Faith of Christ when almost all the other Churches were either torn in pieces by the fury of Schism or wasted and subverted by the fraud of Heresie In which regard Appeals were frequently made to the Church of Rome as a more competent Judge of the truth of Doctrine the communion of it much desired by all true Christians and a repair thither for relief and shelter in the times of trouble made by the Orthodox Professors under persecution And of these times and this condition of that Church we are to understand such passages of the Antient Writers as magnifie the Faith of the Church of Rome and set it above all the batteries and assaults of Heresie Such is that passage of S. â—yprian Romanos esse ad quos perfidia non potest habere accessum lib. 1. ep 3. and that of Hierome Romanam fidem i. e. Romanorum fidem Apostolica voce Laudatam ejusmodi praestigias non recipere in Apol. cont Ruffin and many others of that kind Which passages it were as foolish and ridiculous to apply to all following times the condition of that Church being different from what then it was as to accommodate all those Eulogies and commendations to the present Citie of Rome which the Orators and Panegyrists of the elder times have hyperbolically ascribed to old Rome in her greatest glories The next was the fixation of the Popes in the Metropolis or Imperiall City which drawing to it such a multitude of suters and attendants from all parts the world could not but add much to the power and reputation of those Prelates who had the happiness and honour to be resident there and thereby opportunity to gain more Disciples to solve more doubts of conscience and decide more controversies than any other could expect And so we are to understand that passage in S. Irenaeus in which he saith Ad hanâ— Ecclesiam propter potentiorem Principalitatem necesse est omnem convenire Ecclesiam i.e. eos qui sunt undique Ecclesias And so they did as long as Rome enjoyed the honour of a more potent Principality than other Cities But when that more potent Principality failed to be at Rome by the removall of the Imperiall See first to Constantinople and afterwards unto Ravenna then did the Bishops of Constantinople and Ravenna dispute with those of Rome for Superiority the S. at of Religion most commonly following the seat of the Empire And in this clame the Patriarch or Bishop of Constantinople prevailed so far that with the permission of Mauritius the Emperor he took upon him the title of Universall Patriarch Gregory the Great of whom it is said that he was the worst Bishop of all that went before him and the best of all that came after him was at that time Bishop of Rome Who sharply inveighed as well against the Emperor as thâ— Patriarch of Constantinople for this Title and plainly maintained that whosoever called himself Universall Bishop was the fore-runner of Antichrist As for himself it is probable that he took the title of Servus servorum Dei more in opposition to him of Constantinople than with an intent to be so truly To which though those of Rome reply that Gregory did not absolutely condemn this Title but only blamed John the Constantinoplitan Patriarch for assuming to himself that attribute which properly belonged to the See of Rome yet this cannot be For then we should either in the old Bulls of the former Popes find mention of this Title or else Pope Gregory would have assumed it to himself that the world might take notice whereto of right it did belong But Boniface who next but one succeeded Gregory having further aims applied himself to Phocas that bloody Tyrant who having murdered the Emperor Mauritius his wife and children and thereby got the generall hatred of all the good Subjects of the Empire the better to assure himself of Italie which he feared was ready to revolt declared this Boniface to be the Oecumenicall Bishop and Head of the Church To such a good beginning such a gracious Patron do the Popes stand indebted for that power and Empire which now they challenge to themselves over all the Church Now as the Bishop of Constantinople and Ravenna did challenge a priority or precedency of the Popes of Rome by reason that they were respectively honoured with the Seat Imperiall so were there divers other Bishops as Antioch Alexandria Carthage Millain which clamed an equality with them and would by no means yeeld them any superiority For triall of whose clame we must look back on somewhat which hath been said before where it was shewn that the Roman Empire was divided into fourteen Dioceses each Diocese being subdivided into severall Provinces each Province comprehending many severall Cities then that in every of those Ciâ—ies where the Romans had their Defensores the Christians also had a Bishop in the Metropolis of each Province which commonly was the seat of the Roman President the Christians had their Metropolitan and that in each principall City of each severall Diocese wherein the Vicar of that Diocese had fixed his dwelling there did the Christians place a Primate And this was done according to that famous Maxim of Optatus Respublica non est in Eâ—clesia sed Ecclesia est in Republica that the Church is in the Common-wealth and not the Common-wealth in the Church Upon which foundation the Fathers in the Councill of Chalcedon raised this superstructure 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. that the honours of the Church should be accommodated unto those in the State So that according to this Platform the Primates of the Church were of equall power each of them limited and restrained to his proper Sphere out of the which if he presumed once to act he moved irregularly and in his Excentricks And for those Primates I shall give you once for all this generall Muster that is to say the Patriarch or Pope of Rome for the Diocese or Prefecture of that City the Primate or Arch-bishop of Millain for the Diocese of Italie of Sirmium for that of Illyricum of Lyons for that of France of York for Britain of
Leck Other places of note in this Bishoprick are 2 Wormsted beautified with a fair Castle not far from Magdeburg the ordinary seat or retiring place of the Bishop 3. Grabatz upon the River Struma 4 Mockern on the same River 5 Barleben beneath Meydberg on the Elb. 6 Lunburg betwixt the Elb and the Struma not much observable The Archiepiscopall See being translated hither from Valersleve and Vrese places too obscure for so great a dignity by Otho the first and by him endowed with great Revenues and a goodly territory round about it the Arch-bishop hereof was also by his procurement made the Primate of Germany acknowledged so by all but the Bishop of Saltzburg and the three Spirituall Electors For the Administration of Justice in matters Criminall and Civill the said Otho did ordain an Officer whom they called the Burgrave conferring that office first on Gero Marquesse of Lusatia Through many hands it came at last to Burchard Lord of Quernfort and the Earls of Mansfield many of which enjoyed this honour setled at last by the Emperour Rodolphus of Habspurg on the Dukes of Saxony who by this means came to have great command and influence on the whole Estate The Archbishops notwithstanding continued Lords of it and the whole territory or district adjoyning to it till the Reformation of Religion when the Revenues separated from the jurisdiction were given to Lay Princes for the most part of the house of Brandenbourg with the title of Administrator Finally by the Pacification made at Munster this fair estate is to be setled for ever on the Electors of that house to be possessed by them and their Heires and Successours by the title of the Dukes of Magdeburg the better to content them for the concession which they made to the Crown of Sweden of a great part of their right and title to the Dukedome of Pomeren SAXONIE most specially so called the fourth and last part of this Division stretcheth it self along the Elb betwixt Magdeburg and Meisson of the same nature in regard both of soil and air as is said before Places of most importance in it are 1 Torge or Torgow by some placed in Misnia but by Mercator in this Province Built on the west side of the Elb in form Orbicular and falling every way from the sides of a mountain beautified with a stately and pleasant Castle belonging to the Elector of Saxony who is Lord hereof built by John-Frederick the Elector anno 1535. Near to the City is a Lake of a mile in compasse for which the Citizens pay yeerly to the Duke 500 Guldens 2 Warlitz upon the Elb once a Commandery of the Templars 3 Weisenberck lying towards Brunswick 4 Kemberg on the west side of the Elb. 5 Bitterfelt betwixt the Elb and the Mulda and 6 Wittenberg on the Elb in an open plain but strongly fenced with walls ramparts and deep ditches The chief beauty of it lyeth in one fair street extending the whole length of the City in the midst whereof is the Cathedrall Church a large Market-place and the common Councell-house In former times the seats of the Dukes Electors till the Electorall dignity was conferred on the house of Meissen who liking better their own Country kept their Courts at Dresden But so that Wittenberg is still acknowledged for the head City of the Electorate and was made an University for Divines by Duke Frederick anno 1508. It was called Wittenberg as some conjecture from Wittikindus once Lord of Saxony when the extent thereof was greatest famous for the sepulchres of Luther and Melanchthon but chiefly for that here were the walls of Popery broken down and the reformation of the Church begun by the zeal and diligence of Martin Luther the story of which reformation so by him begun I shall here sub-joyn This Luther as before is said was born at Isleben in the Country of Mansfield and student first at Magdeburg but at the establishing of the University of Wittenberg chosen to be one of the Professours of Divinity there It happened in the yeer 1516 that Pope Leo having need of money sent about his Jubilees and Pardons against the abuses of which Luther inveighed both privately and publickly by word and writing This spark grew at last to so great a coal that it fired the Papall Monarchy Of the success of his endevours we have spoke already We shall look here upon the difficulties which the Cause passed through before it could be blessed with a publick settlement Concerning which we are to know that the Princes of Germany and many of the Free Cities had embraced his doctrine and in the Imperiall Chamber at Spires solemnly professed they would defend it to the death hence were they first called Protestants Nor stayed they there but made a solemn League and Combination at Smalcald spoken of before for defence thereof and of each other in the exercise and profession of it Yet was not this Reformation so easily established Christ had foretold that Fathers should be against their Sonnes and Brothers against Brothers for the truths sake neither doe we ever finde in any story that the true Religion was introduced or Religion corrupted about to be amended without warre and bloud-shed Charles the Emperour whetted on by the Popes of Rome had long born a grudge against the Reformation but especially against the confederacy of Smalcald After long heart burning on either side they broke out into open warâ—e which at first succeeded luckily with the Princes But there being an equality of command between John Frederick the Elector of Saxony and Philip the Lantgrave of Hassia one sometimes not approving other whiles thwarting the others projects the end proved not answerable Besides the politick Emperour alwayes eschewed all occasions of battell and by this delay wearied out this Army of the Princes which without performing any notable exploit disbanded it self every man hastning home to defend his own The Duke of Saxony had most cause to hasten homeward For in his absence his cousin Maurice forgetting the education he had under him and how formerly the Duke had conquered for him and estated him in the Province of Misnia combined himself with the Emperour and invaded his unckles County But the Duke Electour not onely recovered his own but subdued all the Estates in which he had formerly placed his ungratefull and ambitious kinsman The Emperour all this while was not idle but waited advantage to encounter the Duke which at last he found nigh unto Mulberg where the Duke was hearing a Sermon The Emperour giveth the Alarum the Duke startling from his religious exercise seeketh to order his men but in vain For they supposing the Emperour to be nearer with all his forces then indeed he was adde the wings of fear to the feet of cowardise and flie away yet did the Duke with a few resolute Gentlemen as well as they could make head against the enemy till most of them were slain and the Duke himself taken Prisoner The
young wives and maids that most of then died immediatly after The men and women were put to the sword the children were 〈◊〉 800 men were murdered in a Cave and 40 women put together in an old Barn and â—uâ—ned Yea such was the cruelty of these Souldiers to these poor women that when some of them had clambred to the top of the house with an intent to leap down the Souldiers beat them book again with their pikes The Massacre of Paris was more cunningly plotted A Peace was made with the â—rotestants for the assurance whereof a marriage was solemnized between Henry of 〈◊〉 chief of the Protestant party and the Lady Marguerite the Kings sister At this Wedding there assembled the Prince of Conde the Admirall Coligni and divers others of chief note but there was not so much Wine drank as Bloud shed at it At Midnight the Watch-bell rung the King of Nazarre and the Prince of Conde are taken Prisoners the Admirall murdered in his Bed and 30000 at the least of the greatest and most potent Men of the Religion sent by the way of this Râ—d Seâ— to find the neerest paâ—sage to the 〈◊〉 of â—anan Anno 1572. Yet notwithstanding these Massacres and the long and frequent Wars which were made against them by their Kings they grew so numerons and got unto so great a power that partly by Capitulations with the French Kings at the End of every 〈◊〉 War but principally by the connivence of K. Henry the fourth who was sometimes the Head of their partie they had gotten above an hundred walled Towns and Garrisons and were absolute Masters in effect of all those Provinces which lie along the Aquitain shore and the Pyrerees from the Mediterranean Sea to the River of Loyre But being grown too insolent by reason of so great a strength and standing upon terms with the King as a Free Estate the Commonwealth of Rochâ—ll as King Henry the fourth was used to call it they drew upon themselves the jealousie and furie of King Lâ—â—â—s the thirteenth Who seeing that he could not otherwise dissolve the knot of their combination than by the sword drew it out at last And was so fortunate in the success of his Vndertakings that in two years viz. Anno 1621. 1622. he stripped them of all their walled Towns except Mentalban and Rochell onely and those too he reduced not long after by the power of his Arms Leaving them nothing to relie on for their future security but the grace and cleâ—e of their King promerited by their obedience and integritie And it hath sped so well with them since that time that they never had the exercise of their Religion with so much freedom as they have hitherto enjoyed since the reducing of their Forts and Garrisons to the Kings obedience The other Party in Religion having the Countenance of the State and the prescription and possession of so many yeers to confirm the same is in as prosperous a condition both for power and pâ—trimoni as any that acknowledgeth the Authority of the Popes of Rome In point of Patrimâ—nie the Author of the Cabinet computes the Tythes and Temporall Revenues of the Clergie besides provisions of all sorts to 80 millions of Crownes but this Accompt is disallowed by all knowing men Bodâ—â— reporteth from the mouth of Monsieur Alemant one of the Presidents of Accompts in Paris that they amount to 12 millions and 300000 of their Livres which is 1200000 l. of our English money and he himself conceiveth that they possess seven parts of twelve of the whole Revenues of that Kingdom The Book entituled Comment â—'Est gives a lower estimate and reckoning that there are in France 200 millions of Arpens which is a Measure somewhat bigger than our Acre assigneth 47 millions which is neer a fourth part of the whole to the Gallicane Clergy And then it is resolved by all That the Baisonam as they call it which consists of Offerings Churchings Buâ—â—ls Dâ—riâ—es and such like Casualties amounteth to as much per annum as their standing Rents Upon which ground Sir Edwâ—n Sandys computeth their Râ—venne at 6 millions yeerly And to say truth there needs a very great Revenue to maintein their numbers there being reckoned in this Kingdom 13 Arch-Bishops 104 Bishops 1450 Abbies 540 Arch-Priories 1232 Priories 5â—â— Nunneries â—00 Convents of Friers 259 Commanderies of Malta besides the Colleges of the 〈◊〉 which being of a late foundation are not here accompted And for the Parish-Priests they are reckoned at 130000 of all sorts taking in Deacons Subdeacons and all those of inferiour Orders which have some Ministery in their Churches the number of which was reckoned in the time of King Lewis the 11th to be little lesse than 100000. But then 't is like that Charteries and 〈◊〉 happeâ— went in that Accompt or else the Hugenots in the Wars have destroyed more Churches than they are like to build in hast there being found in France on a just Accompt no more than 2â—400 Parish Churches besides Oratories and Chappels of Ease appertaining to them In which there are supposed to live 15 millions of people whereof the Clergy and the Ministers depending on them doe make up 3 millions which is a fift part of the whole And for their power the Gallâ—an Clergy stand's more stoutly to their naturall rights against the usurpations and encroachments of the See of Rome than any other that live under the Popes Autoritie which they acknowledge so far only as is consistent with their own privileges and the rights of their Soveraign For neither did they in long time submit to the Decrees of the Councill of Trent nor have they yet admitted of the Inquiâ—â—ion nor yeeld such store of Grist to the Popes Mill as probably might redound to him from so rich a Clergie And for his Temporal power over Kings and Princes it is a doctrine to averle from the Positions and Principles of the Gallican Church that in the year 1610. the Divines of Paris published a Declaration in which it was affirmed That the doctrine of the Popes Supremacy was an Erroneous doctrine and the ground of that hellish position of deposing and killing Kings And this indeed hath constantly been the doctrine of the Gallican Church since the time of Gerson mainteining the Autoritie of a Councill above that of the Pope But to proceed The men most eminent for learning of either side have been besides those mentioned in the Alpine Provinces Peter du Mouliu highly commended for his Eloquence by the pen of Balsac Fr. Junius a moderate and grave Divine Chamiet the Controverser and Philip de Morney Lord of Plessis Of the other party â—laudius Espencaeus a Sorbon Doctor the famous Cardinall of Peron Genebrard the Historian Petavius a learned Iesuite c. In the middle times S. Bernard Abbot of Clarevalle Pet. Lambard Bishop of Paris Iohn Gerson Chancellor of that University More antiently Prosper of Aquitain Cassianus the Hermit Irenaeus the renowned Bishop
same Church with them as I see some doe yet I behold them as Assertors of some doctrinall truthes and professed Enemies of the errours and corruptions of the Church of Rome and therein as the Predecessours of the present Protestants 18 The Dukedom of BURGUNDIE THe Dukedom of BURGUNDIE hath on the East the Frenche Countie and some part of Savoy on the West Bourbonois on the North Champagne on the South La Bresse â—ionois and some part of Beau-joulois A Province so well watred with pleasant and profitable Rivers that as Qu. Catharine de Medices used to say of France That it had more fair Rivers than all Europe so we may say of this Countrie That it hath more fine Riverets than all France here being the Rivers of 1 Armacan 2 Serum 3 Curi 4 Torney 5 Valence 6 Dove 7 Brune 8 Sâ—â—n 9 Louche and 10 Soasne the Araxis of the antient Writers this last dividing the two Burgundies from one another Yet notwithstanding this great plentie of waters the Country generally is less fruitfull than the rest of France hardly yeelding sufficient for its own inhabitants except wines onely Chief Cities in it are 1 Dijon the birth-place of S. Bernard seated upon the Soasne and L'ouche in a champian Countrie the Town large populous and of great resort as being the Seat of the Governour and Parliamentary for the Province a Parliament being here erected Anno 147. Well fortified on all parts but specially defended by a strong Castle called Talente situate on an hill adjoyning It is called Divio in the Latine the Bishop hereof Divionensis 2 Chalons in Latin Caballinum called for distinctions sake Chalons upon Soasne to difference it from Chalons upon Marn in Champagne a Bishops See also as the other is and gives name to that noble Family of Chalons out of which the Princes of Orange are extracted being one of the four antient Families of Burgundie the other three Vienne Neufchatell and Vergie 3 Autun by Pâ—olomi called Augustodunum the chief Citie of the Hedui now a Bishops See heretofore the chief of all the Countrie some marks of the old splendour being still to be seen now very ordinarie and mean beautified only with some fair Churches which the ruines of time have not yet demolished 4 Beaulne seated on the Bursoize in the best and richest soyl of all Burgundie and yielding the best Wines in France remarkable for an Hospitall of so fair a building that it is thought equall to any Princes Palace in Europe and an impregnable Castle built by King Lewis the 12th 5 Alize now a small Village but of great name and power in the time of Caesar then called Alexia the chief â—ortress of Vercingetorâ— besieged herein by the said Caesar but so besieged that he had 70000 men in the Town for defence of the place and an Army of 30000 Galls at the back of Caesar to relieve their fellows So that he was fain to fortifie his Camp with two Walls the one against them within the Citie and the other against them without which done he kept such diligent watch and ward on both sides that the besieged heard sooner of the discomsiture of their Friends than they did of their comming Which fatall news being brought unto them the Town was yeelded And â—ercingetorix bravely mounted rode round about Caesar then sitting in his Chair of State disarmed himself took off his Horses caparisons and laying all upon the ground â—ate down at Caesars feet and became his Prisoner 5 Tournus encompassed with the Soasue 7 Semur consisting of three parts each of them severally walled and strongly fortified 8 Verdun 9 Nayâ— 10 St. Ligier famous for medicinall Bathes 11 Noyers on the Borders towards 〈◊〉 12 Auxerre by Antonine called Antisiodorum Of most note for the Councill held here Anno â—27 the Countrie about which is called Auxerrois and was an Earldom of it self till fold by John of Chalâ—ns great Grandchild of Joh the 7th Earl of Burgundie to Charles the fifth of France Anno 1370 by whom united to the Crown subjected to the Parliament of Paris and made part of Champagne Here is also within this Countrie the great and famous Monastery of â—isteaux the mother of so many Religious houses dispersed up and down in Europe from hence denominated and subject to the discipline and Rules hereof Within the limits of this Dukedom on the South parts of it stands the Earldom of CHAROLOIS heretofore the title of the eldest Sonne of the Dukes of Burgundie so called from Charolles the chief Town hereof situate in the borders of it towards La Bresse seized upon with the rest of this Dukedom by Lewis the 11th immediately on the death of Duke Charles the Warlike restored again to Philip the second King of Spain by Henry the second of France on the peace made at Cambray and subjected to the Parliament of Dole in the County of Burgundy as a part or member of that Estate So that neither the Governour of the Dukedom for the French King nor the Parliament of Digion have any thing to do in it The Arms hereof are Gules a Lyon passant regardant Or armed â—zure The antient Inhabitants of the whole Dukedom according to the limits before laid down were the Hedui one of the most potent Nations in all Gaule who calling in the Romans to aid them in their quarrels against the Sequani and Arverni made them all subject unto Rome In the prosperity whereof they made up the Province of Lugdunensis Prima of which Lions was the Metropolis or principall Citie Afterwards in the division of the French Kingdom of Burgundie by Charles the Bald this part thereof being called the Dukedom of Burgundy on this side of the Soasne was cantoned into the five Earldoms of Dijon Chalons Autun Lions and Mascon whereof the three first laid together by Odo or Eudes King of France during the minoritie of Charles the Simple given unto his Brother Richard both Sonnes of Robert Earl of Anjou under the stile and title of Duke o◠〈◊〉 The issue of this Robert failing it fell unto another Robert Sonne of Hugh Capet King of 〈◊〉 more worthily surnamed the Hardie together with the mariage of the Heir of 〈◊〉 Artois and the County of Burgundy An Argument of no great wisdom as was judiciously observed by King Lâ—wis the 11th For by this means those great Estates being united in one person and afterwards these estates improved by as prosperous mariages this house of Burgundy grew formidable to the Kings themselves who never left practising against it till they had brought 〈◊〉 to ruine and once again united this Dukedom to their own Estate from which at first it was dismembred The Dukes of Burgundy 89â— 1 Richard of Saxonie the second Sonne of Robert Earl of Anjou brother of Eudes and Father of Rodolâ—h Kings of France 938. 2 Gilbert the second Sonne of Richard 904. 3 Otho Sonne of Hugh Earl of Paris surnamed the Great and Brother of Hugh Capet King
and good service merited no less reward Anno 1099 who having fortunately governed it by the title of an Earl for the space of 12 years left his Sonne Alfonso Heir both to his Fortunes and Vertues honoured with the title of King of Portugal by the Soveraignes of Leon for his most gallant demeanor shewn in the battell of Obrique An. 1139. He had before the Assumption of the Regal Stile ruled 27 years with a great deal of honour and he reigned here 〈…〉 reverenced by his Friends and â—eared by his Enemies 〈…〉 in the Chair of State was 72 years a longer enjoying of 〈◊〉 〈…〉 the first beginning of the Roman Monarchie His Successors we shall 〈…〉 Catalogue But we must first tell you as in other places of this Work 〈…〉 in the whole succession are 1 Henry of Loreine whom some make a 〈…〉 who coming into Spaâ—n to the Holy Wars and deserving nobly in the 〈◊〉 was honoured by Alfoâ—sâ— the sixth with his Daughter Terasa and the Town of 〈◊〉 for her Dower given to him with the title of Earl of Portugal He extended his Estate as far 〈…〉 on the South of the River Duero that River being before that time the utmost bound of it that way 2. Alfonso the first King who took Lisbon from the Moores Anno 12. 7 and made it the Seat of his Kingdom which he extended South-ward as far as Algarve 3. Alfoso the 3d who partly by Conquest and partly by Mariage added Algarve to his Estate getâ—â—â— it by the Sword and confirming it to him by the Bed 4 Alfonso the 4th confederate with 〈…〉 name in Castilâ— against Alboacen the Mirâ—momolin of Africk at the fight 〈◊〉 the River â—alado not â—ar from Taâ—iffâ— where they discomfited the vast Army of Moores consiâ—â—ing of 470â—00 Horse and 〈◊〉 5 Iohn the first the base Sonne of Pedro the first setting aside the Lady 〈◊〉 Queen of Castile the Daughter oâ— Ferdinâ—nd the first and the lawfull Children of his â—ather being many in number by force and colour of Election obtained the Kingdom â—ortified it by 〈◊〉 mariage with the Lady â—â—â—lip Daughter of Iohn of Gaunt Duke of 〈◊〉 a strong Competitor at that time for the Crown of Castile on which Relation this King the four Kings next succeâ—â—ing and two of this Kings younger Sonnes were made Knights of the 〈◊〉 6 Henry Duke of Vâ—sâ—o Vâ—sontium the Latines call it the second Sonne of 〈◊〉 the first created Knight of the Gaâ—ter by King Henry the sixth Anno 1444. By whose in couragement and example the 〈◊〉 began to be affected to forrain Voyages discoverâ—ng in his 〈◊〉 and for the most part under his Conduct also the Ilands of Azores Maderâ— Holy-Pâ—rt those 〈…〉 Verâ—e and a great part of the Coast of Africk as far as Guinea He died An. 14â— â—7 Alfonso the fiâ—th who warring on the Moores in Africk took from them the 〈…〉 Alcasâ—â— Aâ—zilla 8 Iohn the 2d under whose reign the Portugols fully 〈…〉 in Gâ—nea and the Realms of Congo discovering all the Coasts and Isles of Africk not before discovered as far as to the Cape of Good-hope Anno 1487 planting and fortifying as they 〈◊〉 the whole Discoverie of Africk the East-Indies and Brasil being perfected in the 〈◊〉 of King Emaâ—uel under whom also they discomâ—ited great Armies of the Turks and Sulâ—â—◠〈…〉 bringing by Sea the riches of the East into the West 9 Sebastian the Grand-child 〈…〉 Sonne of 〈◊〉 imbarking himself unadvisedly in the wars of Africk lost his 〈…〉 generally supposed at the battel of Alcasar in which three Kings fell in one day 〈…〉 are of opinion that he was not killed but that for shame and sorrow 〈…〉 home wandring from one place to another and at the last was found and avowed at 〈◊〉 thence carried to Naples where he was kept three days in a dark Dungeon without any 〈…〉 a knife and halter brought into Spain by the Kings command where at last he died A man in whom so many circumstances met to make up a truth that the very Spaniards used to say that either he vvas the true Sebastian or else the Devil in his likeness But vvhether true or not is not now materiall death having put an end to that disputation though the controversie which ensued upon his death for the Crown of Portugal be not yet decided For though King 〈◊〉 the 2d of Spain succeeded next after Henry the Cardinal King who only came upon the Stage that the Competitors might have time to declare their Titles and claimed the Crown as eldest Hâ—ir male and neerest Kinsman to King Henry yet all the World was not well satisfied in the Iustice and Equity of his demands In the carrying on of which affairs he seemâ—d to deal very candidly to the eyes of men not biassed by their proper Interess offering to 〈◊〉 his Title to a Disputation professing that the Lawes of Portugal were more favourable to him than the Law of Castâ—le and openly acknowledging that if he should chance to die 〈…〉 his eldest Sonne as being a degree further off would come behind some 〈◊〉 of the 〈…〉 to it of whom himself had the precedence But finding nothing done by Henry and meaning to make sure work after his decease Antonio the Bastard having 〈…〉 and taking on himself as King by a popular and tumultuous Election 〈…〉 under the command of Fâ—â—diâ—nd de Tolâ—do Duke of Alva and subdued all that stood 〈◊〉 him 〈◊〉 the Dutchess of Bragance Daughter of Prince Edward 〈…〉 and pretensions to him So entring by a mixt Title of descent and 〈…〉 Threâ—score yeers it was peaceably enjoyed by the Kings of Spain when 〈…〉 by a pâ—tent faâ—tion appearing for Iohn Duke of Brâ—gâ—nce descended from 〈…〉 which brought so cunningly and successefully in his behalf 〈…〉 disseized of Portugal than he heard of any plot or practice set on 〈…〉 In which it is to be observed that as King Philip the 2d for the 〈…〉 of this Crown had embroyled the French ingaging that King in a bloody wâ—r 〈…〉 of that Kingdom to make him sure enough from troubling him in his 〈…〉 so the French Ministers had caused a Revolt in Catalogâ—e to the end that 〈…〉 was busied in reducing that Province the Portugals might have 〈…〉 themselves from the power of the Spaniaâ—ds whom the Antipathie betwixt the Nations made less pleasing to them Nor was it a partiall defection onely or the loss of Portugal and no more but a generall falling off of the whole estate in Africk Asia America in the Isles and Continents the Accessories excepting only the Town of â—euta in Barbarie going the same way as the Principall did And here methinks that grave and deliberate Nation of the Spaâ—iards may be justly taxed for committing a greater Soloecism in point of State than ever people did before them in that having got the full and peaceable possession of the Crown of Portugal and all the out-parts and Members of it
Councill of Arles Anno 314. Eborius Bishop of York Restitutns Bishop of London and Adelsius Bishop of Colchester there called Colonia Londinensium and some of them also present in the Councill of Sardira Anno 358. concurring with the rest in voting to the condemnation of the Arian Heresies and the same or others the next yeer in the Synod of Arimâ—n And when the Britans were expulsed their native Countrie or shut up in the mountainous parts of the Ordovices and Silures which we now call Wales they caried Christianity and Bishops along with them Augustine the Monk finding no fewer than seven Bishops in the British Church when he was sent by Gregory the Great to convert the English And yet it is no fabulous vanity as some men suppose to say that Augustine the Monk first preached the Gospel in this Countrie because it must be understood in that saying not with Relation to the Bâ—itans but the English Saxons from whom these parts of the Isle had the name of England and from whom both the Britans and the Faith it self were driven into the Mountains of Wales and Cornwall and Heathenism introduced again over all the Kingdom Long after which it pleased God that Gregory the Great but at that time a Deacon only in the Church of Rome seeing some handsom youths to be sold in the open Market demanded what and whence they were to whom it was answered they were Angli and well may they be so called saith he for they seem as Angels Asking again of what Province they were amongst the Angli and answer being made of the Province of Deira part of the Kingdom of the Northumbrians therefore said he de ira Dei sunt liberandi And lastly understanding that the King of their Nation was named Alle how fitly said he may he sing Allelujahs to the most High God After which time he seriously endeavoured the Conversion of the English Nation which being Pope he happily effected by the travell and diligence of Augustine the Monk the first Arch-bishop of Canterbury And so well did the work prosper after this beginning that not only all the Saxons did receive the Gospel but communicated the Light of it to other Nations the Hassians Franconians and Turingians being converted by Winifred the Frisons or Hollanders by Wittikind the first Bishop of Vtrecht the Saxons of Westphalen by Willdrode the first Bishop of Brâ—me all of them being English Saxons as we find in Beda and some others Now as these parts of Britain were the first which generally entertained the Gospel so were they the first also in these later times which universally submitted to the Reformation of such corruptions as had been brought upon them by the power and tyrannie of the Church of Rome Endeavoured first in France by the Albigenses and Waldenses as was said before Who being suppressed and ruinated by the sword of the Kings of France sheltred themselves in the mountainous parts of Gascoigne and Guienne then in possession of the English who by that means became acquainted with their Tenets maintained here publickly by Wiclef and spreading under-hand amongst the people of this Kingdom till the times of Luther and the Reformation by him aimed at Which being in most other Countries received tumultuously by the power of the People was here admitted upon mature deliberation by the autority and consent of the Prince and Prelates the Architects in this great work without respect unto the Dictats of Luther or Calvin but looking only on Gods Word and the Primitive Patterns abolishing such things as were repugnant unto either but still retaining such Ceremonies in Gods publick worship as were agreeable to both and had been countenanced by the practice of the Primitive times A point wherein they did observe a greater measure of Christian prudence and moderation than their neighbour Churches which in a meer detestation of the See of Rome allowed of nothing which had formerly been in use amongst them because defiled with Popish Errors and abuses and thereby utterly averting those of the Papal party from joyning with them in the work or coming over to them when the work was done Whereas had they continued an allowable correspondencie in these extrinsecals of Religion with the Church of Rome their partie in the World had been far greater and not so much stomacked as it is And so it was conceived by the Marquesse de Rhosne after Duke of Sally and Lord High-Treasurer of France and one of the chief men of that partie there when being sent Ambassadour to King Iames from King Henry 4d he had observed the Majesty and Decency of Gods publick Service in some Cathedrals of this Kingdom he said Religion would be soon defaced and trod under foot if not preserved and fenced about with the hedge of Ceremonies As for the Government of the Church since the last Conversion as by the piety and example of Lucius there were founded three Arch-Bishopricks and 25. Bishopricks according to the number of the Archi Flamines and Flamines whose great Revenues were converted to more sacred uses in the times of Idolatry So by the like pious care of Pope Gregory the Great by whose means this last Conversion hapned Arch-Bishopricks and Bishopricks were designed to convenient places The number 26 in all to each Province twelve besides the two Archbishops and Metropolitans wherein he had the happiness to have his desires fulfilled though the number was not made compleat till these later dayes nor with such equall distribution as he did intend For in the Province of York laid wast and desolate by the Danes and not so soon converted as the other was the number of the Suffragan Bishops came not up to his purpose but did as much exceed in the Province of Canterbury especially when King Henry the 8th had incorporated Wales with England and founded five Episcopall Sees out of the ruines and Revenues of some principall Monasteries of which none but the Bishoprick of Chester and that of the Isle of Man which maketh up the 27th were laid unto the Province of York And so it stood notwithstanding the alterations of Religion without any dispute till Calvin having hammered out his new Presbrterie and recommended it to the use of all the Christian Churches the History whereof we had succinctly in the Alpine Provinces found many apt Scholars in most places to decry this Order though consonant to the word of God and most pure Antiquity But the truth is it was not so much the Autority of Calvin or the malignant zeal of Beza or the impetuous clamours of their Disciples which caused the Episcopall Order to grow out of credit as the Avarâ—ce of some great persons in Court and State who greedily gaped after the poor remnant of their Possessions It had been else a miracle that Calvins Plat-form made only for the use of a private Citie and not proportioned no nor intended at the first to the estate of other Churches especially where the Bishops had been
the Teeth of Fishes white as the driven Snow or the polished Ivorie and therein placed the greatest part of their pride and bravery Nor are the modern Irish much abhorrent from such barbarous customs as plainly shew from what Originall they descend altered but little by converse with more civill Nations Oâ— naturall constitution generally strong and nimble of body haughty of heart careless of their lives patient in cold and hunger implacable in enmity constant in love light of belief greedy of glory and in a word if they be bad you shall no-where find worse if they be good you shall 〈◊〉 meet with better The Diet especially of the meer Irish is for the most part on herbs roots butter mingled with oat-flower milk and beef-broth eating flesh many times without bread which they disgest with â—â—quebaugh and give their bread-corn to their horses instead of Proâ—â—nder But more particularly those of the richer sort in all parts and of all sorts those which inhabit within the Pale as they themselves call it and in such places where the English Discipline hath been entertained conformable to civility both in behaviour and apparrell The Kernes for by that name they call the wild Irish of the poorer and inferiour sort most extremely barbarous not behaving themselves like Christians scarcely like men All of them so tenacious of their antient customs that neither power nor reason nor the sense of the inconveniencies which they suffer by it can wean them to desert or change them A pregnant evidence whereof is their use oâ— Ploughing not with such geares or harness as in other places but by tying the hindmost horses head to the tayl of the former which makes the poor Jades draw in a great deal of pain makes them unserviceable by the soon losing of their tayls and withall is a course of so slow a dispatch that they cannot break up as much ground in a week as a good Teem well harnessed would perform in a day yet no perswasion hath been able to prevail upon them for the changing of this hurtfull and ridiculous custom And when the Earl of Strafford the late Lord Deputy had damned it by Act of Parliament and laid a penalty on such as should after use it the people thought it such a grievance and so injurious to the Nation that among other things demanded towards a Pacification of the present troubles their Agents and Commissioners insisted eagerly on the abrogation of this Law An humour like to this in the point of Husbandry we shall hereafter meet with in another place Neer of kin to which is a lazie custom that they have of burning their straw rather than put themselves to the pains to thresh it by that means to part it from the corn From which no reason can disswade them nor perswasions winne them They have among them other customs as absurd though less inconvenient as placing a green bush on May-day before their doores to make their kine yeeld the more milk kneeling down to the New Moon as soon as they see it desiring her to leave them in as good health as shee found them and many others of like nature They use a Language of their own but spoken also in the West of Scotland and the Hâ—brâ—des or Western Ilands which though originally British or a Dialect of it by reason of their intermixture with 〈◊〉 Danes Easterlings or Oost-mans and English-Saxons hath no Affinitie with the Wâ—lch for ought I can learn The Christian Faith was first preached among them by S. Patrick affirmed to be the Nephew of S. Maâ—tin of â—ouâ—s Anno 435. Reformed in the more civill parts and the English Colonies according to the platform of the Church of England but the Kernes or naturall wild Irish and many of the better sort of the Nation also either adhere unto the Pope or to their own superstitious fancies as in former times And to say truth it is no wonder that they should there being no care taken to instruct them in the Protestant Religion either by translating the Bible or the Engliâ—h Liturgâ—e into their own Language as was done in Wales but forcing them to come to Church to the Engliâ—h Service which the people understand no more than they do the Mass By meanâ— whereof the Irish are not onely kept in continuall ignorance as to the doctrine and devotions of the Church of England and others of the Protestant Churches but those of Rome are furnished with an excellent Argument for having the Service of the Church in a Language which the common Hearers doe not understand And therefore I doe heartily commend it to the care of the State when these distempers are composed to provide that they may have the Bible and all other publick means of Christian Instruction in their naturall tongue The Soil of it self is abundantly fruitfull but naturally fitter for grass and pasturage than it is for tillage as may be seen in such places where the industrie of man is aiding to the naturall goodâ—ess of the Soil But where that wanteth the Country is either over-grown with Woods or encombred with vast Boggs and unwholesom Marishes yeelding neither profit nor pleasure unto the Inhabitants In some places as in the County of Armagh so rank and fertill that the laying of any soil or compost on it doth abate its fruitfulness and proves the worst Husbandry that can be It hath been antiently very famous for the Piety and Religious lives of the Monks Amongst whom I cannot but remember Columbus and of him this memorable Apothegm when offered many fair preferments to leave his Country he returned this Answer It becomes not them to imbrace other mens goods who for Christs sake had forfaken their own Of no less pietie but more eminent in point of Learning was Richard Fitz-Rafe Arch-Bishop of Armagh commonly called Armacanus who flourished about the yeer 1350. A declared Enemie of the Errors and corruptions of the Church of Rome It is affirmed of this Iland that amongst other Privileges which it hath above other Ilands it fostereth no venomous Serpent and that no such will live here brought from other places Hence of her self we find her speaking in the Poet. Illa ego sum Graiis Glacialis Hibernia dicta Cui Deus melior rerum nascentium Origo Ius commune dedit cum Creta altrice Tonantis Angues ne nostris diffundant sibila in oris I am that Iland which in times of old The Greeks did call Hibernia ycie-cold Secur'd by God and Nature from this fear Which gift was given to Crete Ioves Mother dear That poisonous Snake should never here be bred Or dare to hiss or hurtfull venom spred The other miracles of this Iland are 1 That there is a Lake in the Countie of Armagh into which if one thrust a peece of Wood he shall find that part of it which remaineth in the Mud to be turned into Iron and that which is in the Water to be turned into a Whet-Stone richly
23. And no lesse memorable amongst the Gentiles for that snmptuous and magnificent Temple here consecrated to Diana which for the largenesse furniture and workmanship of it was accompted one of the Wonders of the World The length thereof said to be 425. foot 220. foot in breadth supported with 127. Pillars of Marble seventy foot in height of which twenty seven were most curiously engraver and all the rest of Marble polished The modell of it contrived by one Ctesiphon and that with so much art and curiosity of Architecture that it took up two hundred years before it was finished When finished it was fired seven times the last time by Erastrotus onely to get himself a name which hap'ning on the same night inwhich Alexander the Great was born gave occasion to that weighty but witty scoffe that Diana she was counted one of the Godesses of midwifery could not attend the preservation of her Temple being then busied at the birth of so great a Prince As for those Iones or Ionians they were no doubt the descendants of Javan the fourth sonne of Japhet as hath been shewn before in our generall Preface but whether they came hither out of Graecia or passed from hence into that Countrey hath been made a question The Athenians boasting of themselves to be Aborigines men growing as it were out of the Soile it selfe without any Ancestors report that those Ionians were a Colonie of their Plantation But Hecataeus in Strabo doth affirm the contrary Saying that the Athenians or Iones of Greece came from those of Asia for that Attica was antiently called Ionia Plutarch in the life of Theseus doth declare expresly Most probable it is that Hecataeus was in the right these parts of Asia lying so directly in the way from the vallyef Shinaar unto Greece that Javan may very well be thought to leave some of his company here when he ferried the rest over to the opposite Continent I know Pansani as ignorant of their true antiquity deriveth them from Ien the sonne of Xuthus and grandchild of Deucaliâ—n wherein he came so neer the truth though he missed the men that it was the grand-son of that man who escaped the flood from whom both the Athenians and those Ionians had their true Originall In regard of which relations betwixt the Nations the Athenians gave aide to those Ionians against the Persians who on the overthrow given to Croesus pretended to the Lordship or Dominion of Asia and conquered them in the time of Cyrus the first Persian Monarch Upon which ground and the sending of fresh aid to them upon their revolt in the time of Darius that King first undertook the invasion of Greece After this yielding to the times they followed the fortune of the strongest subject successively to the Persians Macedonians Romans Constantinopolitans and Turks till the death of Aladine before mentioned when both Aeolis and Ionia got a new name and are now called Sarcan from Sarachan a Turkish Captain who on the death of that Aladine seized upon this Countrey and erected here a petit Kingdome long since subdued by those of the race of Ottoman 12. LYDIA LYDIA is bounded on the East with Phrygia Maâ—or and some part of Pisidia from which separated by a branch of the Mountain Taurus on the West with Aeolis and Ionia or Asia specially so called on the North with the Greater Mysia on the South with Caria So called from Lud the Sonne of Sem by some of whose posterity it was first inhabited In the full Latitude and extent thereof as antiently comprehended in Aeolis and Ionia the adjoining Provinces it made the Lydian Asia spoken of before within the verge whereof all the seven Churches were contained mentioned by Saint John in the Revelation The people of this Countrey are said to have been the first coyners of money the first Hucksters and Pedleâ—s and the first inventers of dice ball chesse and the like games necesity and hunger thereunto enforcing them according to that of Persius Arâ—is Magister ingeniique largitor venter For being sorely vext with famine in the time of Atis one of the progenitors of Omphale they devised these games and every second day playing at them beguiled their hungry bellies Thus for 22 years they continued playing and eating by turns but then seeing that themselves were more fruitfull in getting and bearing children then the sâ—ile in bringing forth sustenance to maintaine them they sent a Colony into Italy under the conduct of Iyrrhenus the Sonne of Aâ—is who planted in that Countrey called at first Tyrrhenia and afterward Tuscany This Countrey was also called Moeonia and was thought to have been the native soile of Homer in regard that Colophon and Smyrna two of the seven contending Cities and those which seem to have most colour for their claime were antiently accounted as parts of Lydia as was said before Hence Homer hath the name of Moenides and Moeonitus Vates and in some Authors Carmen Moeontum is used for Homers Poeticall abilities as Carmine Moeonio consurgere in Ovid. Bacchus is also called sometimes by the name of Moeonius but for a very different reason viz. because antiently there were no Trees in all this Countrey but the Vine onely Principall Mountaines of this Countrey are 1. Sipylus and 2. Tmolus this last of most accompt in regard of the great fruitfulnesse of it covered over with Vines and yielding abundance of the best Saffron Cinefe Rivers of it are 1. Hermus which rising out of Phrygia Major passeth onely by the skirts hereof and so falleth into a fair Bay of the Aegean opening towards the Isle of Clazomene 2. Pactolus which rising at the foot of mount Tmolus falleth not long after into Hermus famous amongst the Poets for its golden sands 3. Caystrus no lesse notable for the abundance of Swans which swim thereon whose fountain is in Phrygia Major also neer the borders hereof and his fall in the Aegean also over against the Isle of Samos 4. Maeander which rising out of a branch of the Taurus in the furthest parts of the said Phrygia towards Lycaonia passeth by Magnesia and endeth his course in the same Sea neer the City of 〈◊〉 A River famous for its many turnings in and out 600 at the least as Prusaeus counteth them Of which in generall thus the Poet Quique recurvatis â—lud it Maeander in undis Maeander plaies his watry pranks In his so many winding banks The Countrey by reason of these Rivers was exceeding fruitfull abounding in all sorts both of wealth and pleasures well cultivated and manured above ground and under-neath inriched with prodigall veines of Gold and Silver and some precious gemmes Which made the people after their overthrow by Cyrus to become more sensuall and voluptuous and lesse sit for action then any plot of their new Masters could have brought them to had not the naturall delicacies of the Soyle it self contributed to the advancement of their design And yet before they were sufficiently
Earldom by Charles the Grosse in the cantoning and dismembring of the Kingdom of Burgundie The Earldom containing at that time not only Lionois it self but also Forrest and Beaujolois before described The Earls hereof were at first onely Provinciall Governours but under the distractions of the German Empire they shifted for themselves and became hereditarie but long it held not in one hand For first the Earldom of Forrest and the Lordship or Signeurie of Beaujeu being taken out of it about the year 990. the rest of the Estate fell in some tract of time to the Bishops and Church of Lions but under the Soveraignty of the French Kings as Lords Paramount of it The places in it of most note are 1 Mascon Matisconum a Bishops See situate on the Soasne antiently a distinct Earldom from that of Lions one of the five as that of Lions was another which made up the Dukedom of Burgundie on this side of the Soasne purchased of William the last Earl hereof and of Elizabeth his Wife by King Lewis the 9th and afterwards subjected to the Jurisdiction and Court of Lions as it still continueth 2 Eschalas on the Rhosne on the South of Lions opposite to Vienne the chief Citie of the Lower Danlphine 3 Dandilli 4 Francheville 5 Chaumont and 6 Labrelle all somewhat Westward of that River but not much observable 7. Lions it self pleasantly seated on the confluence of the Soasne and the Rhosâ—e antiently a Roman Colonie testified by many old Inscriptions and honoured with a magnificent Temple dedicated by the Cities of France to Augustus Caesar now the most famous Mart of France and an Vniversitie by our Latine Writers called Lugdunum These Marts in former times were holden at Geneva from thence removed hither by King Lewis the 11th for the enriching of his own Kingdom When Iulio the 2d had excommunicated Lewis the 12th he commanded by his Apostolicall autoritie that they should be returned to Geneva again but therein his pleasure was never obeyed the Marts continuing still at LIONS as a place more convenient and capacious of that great resort of French Dutch and Italian Merchants which frequent the same As for the Vniversitie questionless it is very antient being a seat of learning in the time of Caius Caligula For in those times before an Altar consecrated to Augustus Caesar in the Temple spoken of before this Caligula did institute some exercises of the Greek and Roman Eloquence the Victor to be honoured according to his merit the vanquished either to be ferulaed or with their own tongues to blot and expunge their writings or to be drowned in the River adjoyning Hence that of Iuvenal Vt Lugdunensem Rhetor dicturus ad Aram applied to dangerous undertakings In the time of the Romans first comming into Gaule it was the chief Citie of the Hedui and Secusiani afterwards the Metropolis of Lugdunensis Prima The Archbishop hereof is the Metropolitan of all France and was so in the time of S. Irenaeus one of the renowned Fathers in the Primitive Church who was Bishop here In this Town lived Peter Waldo a wealthy Citizen about the time of Frederick Barbarossa Emperour of Germanie who being a devout and conscientious man sensible of the many errours and corruptions in the Church of Rome distributed the greatest part of his riches amongst the poor and betook himself to meditation and studying of the holy Scriptures In the carnall eating of CHRISTS body the substraction of the Cup in the blessed Sacrament in matter of Purgaterie the Supremacie adoration of Images Invocation of the Saints departed and many other points of moment he held opinions contrary unto those of Rome and little different from those of the present Reformed Churches And yet it may not be denied but that amongst some good Wheat there were many Tares which gave the juster colour to their Adversaries to exclame against them Being much followed in regard of his pietie and charitie he got unto himself and them the name of Pauperes de Lugduno or the Poor men of Lions given in derision and contempt Afterwards they were called Waldenses by the name of Waldo the beginner of this Reformation and by that name opposed and writ against by Frier Thomas of Walden The French according to their manner of Pronunciation drowning the L. and changing the W. into V. call them commonly Vaudois by which name they occurre in the stories of that State and Language But Lyens proving no safe place for them they retired into the more desart parts of Languedoc and spreading on the banks of the River Alby obtained the name of Albigenses as before was said Supported by the two last Earls of Tholouse they became very masterfull and insolent Insomuch that they murdered Trincanell their Viscount in Beziers and dashed out the teeth of their Bishop having taken Sanctuarie in S. Magdalens Church one of the Churches of that Citie Forty yeers after which high outrage the divine Providence gave them over to the hand of the Crâ—isadas under the conduct of the French Kings and many other noble Adventurers who sacrified them in the self-same Church wherein they had spoyled the blood of others About the yeer 1250 after a long and bloodie War they were almost rooted out of that Countrie also The remnants of them being bettered by this affliction betook themselves unto the mountains lying betwixt Daulphine Provence Piemont and Savoy where they lived a godly and laborious life painfully tilling the ground re-building villages which formerly had been destroyed by Warre teaching the very Rocks to yeeld good pasturage to their Cattel insomuch as places which before their comming thither scarce yeelded four Crowns yeerely were made worth 350 Crowns a yeer by their care and industrie Lasciviousness in speech they used not Blasphemie they abhorred nor was the name of the Devil in the way of execration ever heard amongst them as their very enemies could not but confess when they were afterward in troubles The Crimes alleged against them were That when they came into any of the neighbouring Churches they made no address unto the Saints nor bowed before such Crosses as were erected in the high-wayes and streets of Towns Great crimes assuredly when greater could not be produced And so they lived neither embracing the Popes doctrines nor submitting unto his Supremacie for the space of 300 yeers uutouched unquessiooned even till the latter end of the reign of King Francis the first But then the Persecution raging against the Lutherans they were accused condemned and barbarously murdered in the Massacres of Merindol and Chabriers before mentioned After which time joyning themselves with the rest of the Protestant partie they lost the name of Vaudois by which called before and pass in the Accompt of the Reformed Churches of France enjoying the same privileges and freedom of Conscience as others of the Reformed doe And though I look not on these men and their Congregations as founders of the Protestant Church or of the