minor and conclusion are vitious First the conclusion commeth not neare the question for were it granted it concludes no more but a duty of the Church-officers and members to try and be satisfied about the state of these who are to bee received into the Church but it hath no word of an other duty which is the point in question It speaks nothing of a necessity to separate from a Church upon the neglect of the former duty this alone is the state of the present controversie which neither is expressed nor by any consequence doth follow from any thing that is expressed in this conclusion for suppose it were a duty laid by God upon every Church-Officer and member to enquire accurately after the Faith and Sanctification of all to be received among them and to expect satisfaction in their tryall yet I hope that every neglect of duty in the Church-Officers much lesse in every Church-member and least of all the want of successe of a duty truly performed will not be found a just and necessary cause for every one to separate from a Church if all this be not expersly concluded this arrow misseth the marke Secondly That which is expressed in the conclusion pitcheth only upon one particular case which the Reformed Churches neither do nor may acknowledge for it speaks only of admission of members upon their confession of sins This fits well the practice of the Brownists who suppose a necessity to dissolve the Reformed Churches that now are as vitiously constituted from their first beginning They may seeme to have reason in their gathering of new Churches to put their members to tryall before admission but the Reformed Churches who take themselves to be so farre true that they need no dissolution or new erection are not concerned in this case of admission for their members were borne in the Church and had the Covenant sealed to them in Baptisme what tryall they take of their children when they admit them to the Lords Table is no wayes for their admission to be members for this practice is a maine pillar of Anabaptisme and our brethrens engagement therein is the ground of all their sympathy and symbolising with that Sect So then the conclusion commeth short of the question and toucheth not the Reformed Churches but is builded on the pillars of rigid Separation and Anabaptisme taking that for granted which no Reformed Church may admit but upon hard termes no milder then the nullity and dissolution of all their Churches that out of the rubbish a new building may bee erected after the Separatists patterne The major also is vitious for suppose the antecedent of it were true yet there is no force therein to inferre the consequent be it so that every Church-member ought to be so holy as you will yet can this inferre the peoples power to try that holinesse which is the one halfe of the consequent Such a power in the people would make every one of them a Church-Governour which none of the Reformed Churches nor the halfe of the Separatists themselves will admit and they who doe plead for it set it upon other pillars but no man I know deduceth it from any thing in the antecedent now in hand For the rest of the consequent the Officers satisfaction in the true and sincere grace of the members at their first admission if it have any truth yet it commeth too short of reason and runnes also farre beyond the most rigid Separatists If a tryall must be made of Church-members why at their first admission alone and never after Is it not an ordinary case in all Churches and as much among the Brownists and Independents as any other that many who at first have been taken for truly regenerate have thereafter fallen to such errours in judgement and such practices in life as have given just ground to conclude the irregeneration of some and to doubt the regeneration of others Now if the uncertainty of regeneration be a just cause to hold a man out of all Churches is it not as just a cause to cast a man out of a Church when by doctrine or life this uncertainty appears which at first was covered yet none of our Brethren affirm that the uncertainty of regeneration nor the certainty of irregeneration is a just ground to cast any man out of the Church who once is come in The consequent also runs wide of the rigid Separatists for the holinesse they require is expresly externall which may stand with the internall wickednesse of hypocrites but the consequent speaks of inward sincerity contradistinguished from all outward professions The Minor is the part of the Argument which they labour to fortifie knowing the greatest weight to lie upon it We do deny it as a very dangerous errour every member of a visible Church is not in truth and sincerity a Believer and Saint This is against Scripture and all experience in every visible Church all who are called are not chosen In the field of God there are tares among the wheat in his fold goats amongst the sheep in his net bad fishes among the good in his house vessels for dishonour not for honour only In the best Churches of the Scripture we have too many bad members Iudas Ananias and Saphira Simon Magus Hymeneus and Philetus Demas and the like They dare not deny but some gracelesse hypocrites are in their best Congregations and if they should deny it the frequent out-breaking of their enormities to the eyes of the world would extort their confession The proofes they bring come not up to the Question that in the first of the Corinthians first and second sanctified in Christ and called to bee Saints if yee understand it of an outward calling alone it is not pertinent if of an inward efficacious call it is true not of every member but of some onely and is attributed to the whole Church of Corinth indefinitely because of these some who truly were elected justified and sanctified but that this was not true of all and every one of that Church is cleare by the Apostles complaint of many among them of some for Incest of others for injurious defrauding of their neighbours of some for carnall Schismes of others for prophane drunkennesse at the Lords Table it selfe of others for fundamentall errours The first of the Gal. 2 v hath nothing sounding toward the present question but the fourth verse is brought by the Brownists to something neare it that Christ had dyed for the Galatians sinnes and separated them from this present evill world if this import any true grace yet it may not bee applyed to every member of that Church for in the words following the Apostle beareth witnesse that sundry of them were removed to another Gospel that they were foolish and bewitched to rebell against the truth The relation of the Church to the persons of the Trinity that it is the body and Spouse of Christ the Temple of the holy
can breed at most but a fallible opinion or a charitable hope which is farre from any certainty either of sense or science much more of faith or immediate revelation Thirdly it layeth a burthen unsupportable to the strongest upon the conscience of every weak one they must ever be in perplexity and doubt what to do whether to stay in the Church or under the pain of sin to separate from it till they have accurately examined and after all needfull triall attained to a full satisfaction and assurance of minde of the regeneration of every member were they never so many of that Church whereunto he belongeth The burden of such a task might break the back of the strongest Pastor much more of a silly Lamb. Fourthly this presupposeth that all Congregations must of new be gathered and all their members admitted of new which none may grant who minds not for the Independents pleasure at once to dissolve all the Reformed Churches and to avow that every person though born in the true Church within the Covenant of grace sealed in Baptism with the seale of God religiously educated in the feare and knowledge of God is notwithstanding without the Church and no member of the body of Christ till he be admitted to the Lords Supper Ordinarily in all Chistendom persons are actuall members of the Church wherein they were borne of faithfull parents baptised and Christianly educated before they be admitted to the holy Table The case and question of admitting members by a Congregation after all are convinced of the true grace of him who craveth membership among them is but a new rash unjust case of the Independents which will inferre the gathering of new Churches the dissolution of all our old ones and lay a high royall street for Anabaptism excluding all our baptised children from Church-membership till they give personall satisfaction of their true grace and enter into a formall expresse Covenant I adde but one other reason No reall absurdity doth follow upon any divine truth but divers reall absurdities follow necessarily upon the ground of Separation in hand Ergo the ground of Separation in hand is no divine truth but an evill errour The major no man controverts for every true consequent is a stream that flowes out of the antecedent as its fountaine as the fountain is bitter or sweet so are the streams from a true antecedent a false consequent by no force can be extorted if the consequent be rotten it is a sure sign the antecedent is not sound The absurd consequents I name for the proofe of the minor are First That then it shall be necessary to separate from all the Churches that are this day in the world except alone from these of the Independent way for no other Church doth so much as intend or assay to give assurance to every one of their members of the true grace of all the rest but on the contrary they teach such an endeavour to be both impossible and unreasonable The absurdity of the consequent is so cleare that I pursue it no farther then to this Dilemma If it be necessary to separate from all the Churches of the world but the Independents Then all other Churches but theirs are false or else it is lawfull to separate from Churches that are true but neither of these will sound well in a Protestant eare The second absurd consequent That then it was necessary to separate from all other Churches that have been in any former time for not one of them ever no not the greatest Schismaticks the Novatians the Donatists themselves did ever minde that every one of their members should so narrowly examine all their fellows as to come to a certain perswasion of their reall regeneration The third consequent That then to the worlds end no Church anywhere can have any solid foundation for this principle is a mountain of quick-silver that rests not till all the Churches builded upon it be quite overthrown The conviction of every members conscience of the true faith and grace of all their fellow-members is so sandy a foundation that nothing builded upon it can stand What else hath broken in halfes and quarters and demi-quarters these separate Societies What made them of Amsterdam first break off from England then from Holland and all the Reformed then among themselves once and the second time What made Smith at Leyden after he had fallen off from England next to leave the Brownists and after the Anabaptists till at last he broke off from all Christians to the Arrian heresie What else doth drive many of Old and of New-England when they have run about the whole circle of the Sects at last to break out into the newest way of the Seekers and once for all to leap out of all Churches betaking themselves to their devotions apart here indeed it is and no where else where they come to a possibility of satisfaction of the inward estate of these in their way that is of themselves alone This is the reward of presumptuous errour it cannot rest when it hath led the seduced soule about the whole round of the fancies of the time till at last it throw it out of all that is called or so much as pretended to be a Church The reasons alledged for the opposite Tenet may be seen in the Brownists Apology also in Robinsons Iustification in Cans necessity of Separation in Barrows Discovery but for shortnesse we will only consider what is brought by Mr Cotton in his Way of the Churches for there the best of the Brownists arguments are brought in the greatest lustre and strength which Mr Cotton thought meet to put upon them Also what there is brought by Mr Cotton is acknowledged by our Brethren as their judgement without the haesitation of any marginall asterisk which when they dissent or doubt they professe to affix to some other passages of that book The best form I can set on his first argument is this If every member of each Church is not only in profession but in sincerity and truth to be a Saint and faithfull then the Officers and body of each Church must take triall and be satisfied of the true faith and sanctification of every person before they receive him into the Church but every member of each Church is not only in profession but in sincerity and truth to be a Saint and faithfull Ergo the Officers and body of each Church must take triall and be satisfied of the true faith and sanctification of every person before they receive him into the Church All the proofe is bestowed upon the minor from these Scriptures which make all the members of the Church to bee Saints by calling and faithfull Brethren the Church it selfe to be the body of Christ the Temple of the holy Ghost the spouse of Christ the sons and daughters and children of God We answer that no part of this argument is sound The major
draw on such seditious practises as did well neer overturn both their Church and State Their proud obstinacy against all admonitions was marvellous In the midst of their profession of eminent piety the profanity of many of them was great Notwithstanding all this we desire from our heart to honour and imitate all and every degree of Truth or Piety which did ever appear in any New-English Christian Independency no fruitful Tree in Holland Master Peterâ— the first Planter of that Weed at Roterdam Their Ministers Master Bridge Master Simpson and Master Ward renounced their English Ordination and as meer private men took new Ordination from the people Incontinent they did fall into shameful divisions and subdivisions The people without any just cause deposed their Minister The Commissioners from Arnhem durst not come neer the bottom of the businesse The Schisms at Roterdam were more irreconcileable then those at Amsterdam Anabaptism is like to spoil that Church They of the Church of Arnhem admire and praise themselves above all measure The easinesse of their banishment and afflictions The new light at Arnhem broke out into a number of strange Errours First Grosse Chiliasm Secondly The grossest blasphemy of the Libertines that God is the Author of the very sinfulnesse of sin Thirdly the fancy of the Enthusiasts in knowing God as God abstracted from Scripture from Christ from Grace and from all his attributes Fourthly The old Popish Ceremonies of extreme Unction and the holy kisse of Peace Fifthly The discharging of the Psalms the appointing of a singing Prophet to chant the Songs made by himself in the silence of all others Sixthly The mortality of the soul Seventhly the conveniency for Ministers to Preach covered and celebrate the Sacraments discovered but for the people to hear discovered and to participate the Sacraments covered Their publike contentions were shameful The work of the prime Independents of New England Arnheim and Roterdam these five yeers at London They did hinder with all their power so long as they were able the calling of the Assembly When it was called they retarded its proceedings That the Churches of England and Ireland lie so long in confuon neither Papists nor Prelates nor Malignants have been the cause But the Independents working according to their principles The great mischief of that Anarchy wherin they have kept the Churches of England and Ireland for so long a time Independency is the mother of more Hereresies and Schisms at London then Amsterdam ever knew Independency at London doth not onely bring forth but nourish and patronize Heresies and Schisms contrary to its custom either in New-England or Amsterdam How hazardous it may prove to the State of England Why it is hard to set downe the Independents positions They have declined to declare their Tenets more then has ever been the custome of any Orthodox Divines When they shal bee pleased to declare themselves to the full their principle of change will hinder theÌ„ to assure us that any thing is their settled and firm Tenet wherein they will bee constant The chief Tenets which hitherto they have given out and not yet recalâ—ed are these following They reject the name of Independents unreasonably and for their own disadvantage When it is laid aside the more infamous name of Brownists and Separatists wil justly fall upon them They avow a Semi-Separation but a Sesqui-Separation will bee proved upon them The Independents doe separate from all the Reformed Churches upon farre worse grounds then the Brownists were wont to separate Their acknowledgment of the Reformed for true Churches doth not diminish but encrease their Shisme They refuse all Church communion and membership in all the Reformed Churches they preach and pray in them as they would doe among Pâ—gans only as gâ—ftâ—d men to gather new Churches About the matter of the Church and qualification of members they are large as strict as the Brownists admitting none but who convinces the whole Congregation of their reall regeneration Besides true grace they require a sutablenesse of spirit But in this they are laxer then the Brownists that they can take in without scruple Anabaptists Antinomians others who both in life doctrine have evident blots if so they bee zealous and serviceable for their way About the forme of the Church a Church Covenant they are more punctuall then the Brownists They take the power of gathering and erecting of Churches both from Magistrates and Ministers placing it only in the hands of a few private Christians who are willing to make among themselves a Church covenant This power of erecting themselves into a compleat and perfect church they give to any seven persons neither admit they more into a Church then can altogether in one place commodiously administer the Sacraments Discipline The Independents will have all the standing Churches in England dissolved and all their Ministers to become meerly private men and any three persons of their way to bee a full Church Vnto this Church of seven persons they give all and the whole Church power and that independently Vnto this congregationall Church alone they give the full power of election and ordination of deposition and excommunication even of all their officers and of the finall determination of all Ecclesiastick causes The difference of Iohnson and Ainsworth about the power of the people and presbytery distinct one from the other is not yet composed among the Independents The common Doctrine of New England is Ainsworths Tenet that the people aâ—one have all the power may excommunicate when there is cause all their officers Mr Cotton the other year did fall much from them and himselfe towards Iohnson that the whole power of authority is only in the Officers and the people have noâ—hing but the power of liberty to concurre that the Officers can doe nothing without the people nor the people any thing but by the Officers Yet that both officers people or any one of them have power to separate themselvs from all the rest when they find cause The London Independents give more power of Ecclesiastick Iurisdiction then the Brownists unto women Some of them permit private men to celebrate the Sacraments Brownists and Independents do perfectly agree in the point of Independency If a corrupt or negligent Presbytery doe not censure their own members all the Assemblies in the world may not attempt to censure any of them though most apparently they did corrupt a whole Nation with the grossest Heresies or most scandalous vices The point of Independency is either the root or the fruit of many errors To temper the crudity of this Tenet they adde to it three moderating positions but for little purpose They grant the being of Synods but not of Classicall Presbyteries Their Synods are meerely Brownisticall without all Iurisdiction wherein every one of the people may vote also meerely elective and only occasionall The sentence of Non-Communion is Mr Cottons invention to supply that defect which themselves make in the
described in one short Table in their true lineaments and native colours will appear so deformed that many who now are bewitched with them upon this sight may be brought out of all further affâ—ction towards them This is the end of my present work without the least intention so far as I can understand my own meaning to create any just offence or reall hurt to any mans person For truely I know not the creature breathing to whom heartily I do not wish Grace Mercy and Peace onely the opinions which for a long time with all licence are blown by the Spirit of errour over all the Land to the dishonour of God and the indangering of many a mans salvation I wish were set out in their clear and lively shapâ—s that they may be seen as truely they are without any disguise by the eyes of all I am much deceived if their bare and unmasked face shall be found very pleasant to solid and intelligent minds And because it is a matter full of difficulty to set down the tenents especially erroneous of any men according to their own contentment that herein I may do wrong to none it shall be my care in every thing I conceive material and controverted to speak nothing without Book but alwayes to bring along my Warrant to alleadge nothing doubtfull of any man but what himself or some other whose Faith is above just exception hath published before me to the world If for all this my Testimony be refused I can but declare that knowingly I do not misreport either the words or the sence of any man for I esteem Truth so honourable and so beautifull a creature but falsehood so deformed and base that no consideration I know would so far overballance my mind as wittingly to make me entertain the one with the prejudice of the other Notwithstanding if so it should fall out which is very casuall to men much my betters that through inadvertence I should misapprehend and accordingly misreport any mans judgement upon the smallest conviction I purpose not onely to retract my misconceptions but for further satisfaction I promise to make my retractation no lesse publike then was my errour It is not my purpose to take notice of every extravagancy which hath dropped from all the distempered brains of the time the profit of such a task would not coâ—ntervaile the Labour onely I will put down as it were in one table so many of thâ—se irregular conceits which now are abroad as may demonstrate to any common eye the undeniable footsteps of the Spirit of Errour and Schism walking among us and bringing forth in great plenty the births of his darknesse to the end that such a multitude of Satans Brats appearing openly in the arms and bosoms of otherwise I suppose well-meaning people the beholders may tremble and with all carefulnesse avoid the deep deceipt of that Angel of Light and the deceived themselves seeing with their eyes what they hugg and dandle to carry in the face the cleer lineaments of a mishant Parent for grief and shame that they have been so long Nursing-Fathers to Satans brood may become the first to dash the brains of these cursed Brats against the stones or if they needs must obstinately continue fond of that bastard Generation they may enjoy what they love themselves alone all well-advised men standing aloose from the danger of so misordered and irrationall affection The principall by-paths wherein the most among us this day do tread who divert from the high open and straight way of the Reformed Churches may be reduced to ten generall Heads The Brownists or rigid Separatists are the first who break off at a side The Independents their Children go on with them for a time but wearied with the widenesse of their Parents wandring professe to come in again towards the rode way yet not so closely but still they keep a path of their own How much neerer these men professe to draw towards us then their Fathers so much the farther their other Brethren run from us for the Anabaptists go beyond the Brownists in wandring the Antinomians are beyond the Anabaptists and the Seekers beyond them all These five lead aside on our right hand towards the left there be no fewer crooked Lanes The Prelatical Faction the down-right Papists the Arminians the Socinians and who now make as much trouble as any the Erastian-Civilians Of all these we will thus far consider as first in a brief historick narration to set down their original and present condition Secondly to name their tenents in particular Thirdly to refute from Scripture some of their most prevalent errours Onely in the entry one stumbling block would be put by It is marvailed by many whence these new Monsters of Sects have arisen Some spare not from this ground liberally to blasphem the Reformation in hand and to magnifie the Bishops as if they had kept down and this did set up the Sects which now praedomin But these murmurers would do well in their calm and sober times to remember that none of the named Sects are births of one day but all of them were bred and born under the wings of no other Dame then Episcopacy the tyranny and superstition of this Step-mother was the seed and spawn of Brownisme the great root of the most of our Sects all which were many yeers ago brought forth however kept within doors so long as any Church-Disciplin was on foot Now indeed every Monster walks in the street without controlement while all Ecclesiastick Government is cast asleep this too too long inter-reign and meer Anarchy hath invited every unclean creature to creep out of its cave and shew in publike its mishapen face to all who like to behold But if once the Government of Christ were set up amongst us as it is in the rest of the Reformed Churches we know not what would impede it by the Sword of God alone without any secular violence to banish out of the Land these Spirits of Errour in all meeknesse humility and love by the force of Truth convincing and satisfying the minds of the seduced Episcopal Courts were never fitted for the reclaiming of minds their prisons their fines their pillories their nose-slittings their ear-cuttings their check-burnings did but hold down the flame to break out in season with the greater rage But the Reformed Presbytery doth proceed in a spiritual Method evidently fitted for the gaining of hearts they go on with the offending party with all respect and at so much leasure as can be wished appointing first the fittest Pastors and Elders in the bounds to confer and instruct him in private if this diligence do not prevaile then they convent him before the Consistory of his Congregation there by admonitions instructions râ—proofs and all the means appointed in the Gospel they deal with him in all gentlenesse from weeks to moneths from moneths oftentimes to yeers before they come neer to any censure and
shall propound matters as they come to hand Concerning the Constitution of the Church consider their judgement first what they think of others then what of themselves All other Churches they condemn so far as to professe and practise a Separation from them The edge of their Arguments is usually directed against the Church of England alone but when their Doctrine or Practise is looked upon a little more neer it appears they shoot their Bolts at all other Churches in the world which refuse their Way For the Church of England they say it ought not to be called a Church or at best that it is a false and Antichristian Church out of the which every one though not persecuted must flee as they would avoid damnation A Sometimes in their calm mood they will give better words and acknowledge it to be a true Church That the Doctrine and Sacraments thereof are true That many thousands of its members are gracious and elect people B But their ordinary language is of another strain to wit That the Church of England is a meer Harlot divorced from Christ C That the Worship thereof is grosse Idolatry and the Service of the devil D That all the members thereof are unclean beasts and the limbs of Antichrist E That her best Preachers that preach most for Reformation are but Pharisees and Deceivers F That the Faith Grace and Comfort which by their Ministery they seem to bring to the hearts of the hearers is but meer delusion G That their Sacraments are Seals not of Grace but of the wrath of God H That all Communion with her even in the Word and Prayer is to be forsaken I The Unconformists did always zealously plead against the Corruptions of that Church but never against the truth of her being or the comfort of her Communion When by the force of persecution they were driven out then they did flee Of their own accord they did never separate but were ever most glad to live and die in her bosome willing to partake of her Worship and Sacraments whenever they were permitted to dissent in Doctrine and to abstain in practice from those things which they conceived to be corruptions K Concerning other Reformed Churches though free both of Liturgies and Bishops and many other of the English stumbling-blocks notwithstanding all their Reformation yet they pronounce their Worship to be idolatrous L their Government tyrannous and Antichristian M yea their very Constitution both in matter and form to be so vitious N that with a good conscience they cannot communicate with any of them O that the reformed Presbyteries and Synods are no better then the English Episcopacy P yea to Episcopacy they are so favourable that they professe their willingnesse to acknowledge all their Civil Power and much of their Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Q 1. that the Presbyterian Divines have ever been as evil as Episcopal Q 2. that the vitious constitution and government of the most reformed Churches in Europe hath flowed from the ignorance and obstinacy of unhappie Calvin R 1. We must not be deceived with their pleasant words when they make fair professions of their hearty agreement in so many things with the other Reformed Churches and of their willingnesse to communicate with them both in Word and Sacraments R 2. These flatteries are contradictory both to their Doctrine and Practice for when they had left England they were so far from joyning with any of the Reformed that they ever erected new Churches after their own way and made it an open and avowed cause of Excommunication for any of their Members to communicate with the Churches of Holland among whom they did live R 3 also the crimes of the Church of Holland which they cry out upon are such which none of the Reformed Divines do condemn S On the other side the Nonconformists whom the Episcopal persecution did banish out of England were ever well content without erecting of a new Church to joyn themselves as Members to any of the forrain Churches Scottish Dutch or French according as they understood their Language or had occasion of abode among them Thus they do judge of others As for the form of that Tabernacle which they professe to build for themselves thus we may conceive it The matter or members of that Church they avow to be Saints but the Members of other Churches they pronounce them for the most part to be wicked and flagitious T The Nonconformists with all the reformed are willing to admit of no others to the Lords Table but these who are Saints by calling in whom they require three qualifications First That they have a good measure of knowledge and professe to beleeve the truth Secondly That in their life and conversation they be without scandal Thirdly That they be submissive to the Discipline of the Church But the Brownists presse a fourth qualification Were a mans profession never so fair and his knowledge never so great In all parts of Doctrine let him be most Orthodox and in his Conversation most harmlesse and inoffensive were he never so willing to joyn in all the Ordinances of God and to be governed according to the strictest Discipline of Christ notwithstanding all this they count him not qualified to be a Church Member except he declare publikely in the face of the Congregation such clear and certain signes of his real Sanctification and true Regeneration as gives full satisfaction not onely to the Minister and Elders and many of the people but to all and every one or at least the major part of the Church V If any prophane person should be admitted he should quickly so far pollute the whole Church that every Member thereof must needs become partaker of his sins X And if upon admonition they did not excommunicate him they themselves ought to be separated from as an infected and leprous Society Y They tell us yet more that not onely the profanenesse of one person doth pollute the whole Church but any one sin or errour of any one Member though godly and regenerate if after admonition he continue therein and be not excommunicate doth so defile the whole that it must be separated from Z To distinguish here betwixt sins greater and lesser to make some errours Fundamental and some preter-Fundamental it is to them a following of the Papists in their absurd distinction of mortal and venial sins the least Errour joyned with obstinacie to them is an Heresie and a just cause of Separation AA They acknowledge it is the fancy of the Anabaptists to separate for every fault and errour but that which alone displeaseth them in this fancy is a fault whereof the Anabaptists seem not to be guilty the not advertising of the Church of the fault and errour of the Member they complain of before they separate If this neglect be helped the rest of the fancy they seem to approve BB Thus much for the matter of their Church the
advice to reject all Books but the Bible alone SSSSS As for Divinity-Disputations they make large Invectives against them as Paganish and very sinful Exercises TTTTT notwithstanding all this they proclaim themselves great Patrons of all true Learning VVVVV albeit as yet they have not been pleased to let the world know what kinde of Letters and Books they will be pleased with when all that hitherto have been known are laid aside by their perswasion The Testimonies A. Barrows Discovery p. 26. In this estate what communion is to be held with the Church of England What fellowship may the children of God have with such Rebels and Apostates Can the name of a Church without blasphemy unto Christ be given unto them in these sins They then not being under Christs protection nor in the state of Grace while they continue in their sin I have often wondred how any man of sound judgement could give them the name of a Church Ibidem in the Preface Let the rest no longer tempt God or be held under the dint of this dreadful Milstone by any perswasion but let them save their souls out of this accursed false Church and joyn themselves to the faithful servants of Christ with all speed The Confession Art 31. These Assemblies standing thus in confusion cannot be said truely to have Christ their King Priest and Prophet neither in this estate can be esteemed the true visible orderly constitute Church of Christ whereof the faithful may become or stand members or have any spiritual Communion with them in their spiritual Worship and Administrations Therefore are all that would be saved bound by Gods Commandment with speed to come forth out of this Antichristian estate leaving the suppression of it to the Magistrate to whom it belongs A light for the ignorant p. 8 9. This Whorish Citie hath a Body of false Prophets whosoever heareth these or any of these breaks the first Commandment for in hearing and obeying these they hear and obey the Dragon Beast and Whore that sent them and gave them their Authority and Office they use some Divine Truths to help to set a glosse on their Inventions but both divine and invented are consecrated and dedicated by the Beast and administred by his Office B Robinsons Apologie pag. 78. Convenit nobis quatenus reformatis Ecclesiis Belgicis aliis cum Ecclesia Anglicana in Articulis fidei hujus Ecclesiae nomine scriptis idem in his Book of the lawfulnesse of the hearing of the Ministers of the Church of England Barrows Refutation of Giffard p. 21. We never doubted but the foundation of God stood firm the Lord having many thousands of his elect among you known to himself Idem in his Discovery p. 119. The errours and fauls of Baptism being purged by Repentance it pleases God in pardoning the faults to reserve and not to have repeated the outward action Their Apologie p. 93. We gladly embrace the common faith professed in this Land as most holy and sound We have a reverend estimation of sundry and good hope of many hundred thousands in the Land Their Confession p. 8. We testifie by these presents to all men That we have not forsaken any one point of the true ancient Apostolike Faith professed in our Land but hold the same grounds of Christian Religion with them C Barrows Discovery p. 26 There is no cause to doubt but any of Gods servants may avoid that Congregation which rejecteth Gods Word presumptuously as a wicked Assembly and an adulterous Church Ibid. p. 29. I deny these assemblies to be true Churches of Christ seeing they have broken the Covenant and cast off the Yoke of Christ D Barrows Refutation p 33. We further conclude from the second Commandment That whatsoever Worship is devised by man and whatsoever device of man is put in the Worship of God it is Idolatry But a great part if not the whole Worship of God in your Church is devised by man If God be not worshipped with this kinde of Worship Then to speak as the Prophets and Apostles do the devil is worshipped thereby E Apologie p. 54. None can submit unto or have any spiritual Communion with the Hierarchie aforesaid but they worship the Beast and his Image and so make themselves subject to the wrath of God Barrows Discovery p. 180. Here would not be forgotten the sweet Psalmodical harmony of the Vultures Cranes Owls Geese of the Leopards Boars Wolves Dogs Swine Foxes Goats Pordon me for thus the holy Ghost termeth the profane confused multitudes in false Churches F Barrows Discovery p. 52. Disguised Hypocrites ravening Wolves that come to us in sheeps clothing under the glorious titles of Pastors and Teachers Ministers of the Gospel men of great Learning holy Life sighers for Reformation these Pharisees these Sectaries are they that mislead the people in their crooked paths of death Ibid. p 112. No middle course can here be taken we must either make the Tree good or evil These Ministers of the Church of England are true or false if false then deliver they no true Sacraments then is all their Administration Sacraments and Sermons accursed how holy soever or neer the Truth in outward shew then are they the Ministers of Satan of Antichrist sent by God in his wrath to deceive and destroy such as are ordained to death then ought not the Prince to repair to their Sermons for comfort then is all the comfort she taketh there but delusion even the deceit of Satan then are they seducers who perswade her to go to them as whereby they draw her to the wrath of God and imminent danger and inevitable destruction except she forsake them G Vide f. also Barrows Discovery p. 154. The comfort received from their Preaching their whole Ministery being accursed is a fearful signe of the effectual working of their delusions From their Ministery in this estate no comfort is to be looked for but assured destruction they being of God in his wrath sent to deceive the children of death the Reprobates H Barrows Discovery p. 29. I deny their Sacraments to be the Ordinances of God seeing to them in this estate belong not the Sacraments and Ministery of Christ but the curse and judgement of God Ibid. p. 31. Such Sacraments can no ways be called the Ordinances of Christ but rather sure Seals of his wrath to as many as profane his holy Ordinances and joyn together in that ungodly and accursed action until they repent I Vide f. also Barrows Dis p. 43. There can be no greater allowance of joyning to them then to make them our mouth or Ministers unto God or together with such to joyn in any action concerning the Worship of God K See Master Balls Confutation of the Brownists L Barr. Dis p. 66. This Book being a publike prescript Liturgie were it the best that ever was devised by mortal man yet being brought into the Church yea into any private house would be an abominable sacrifice in the sight of
God even as a dead dog Truely I am ashamed to write of so grosse and filthy abominations so generally received even of all States of these parts of the world who of a Popish Custom and Tradition have received it one of another without any warrant from the Word Ibid. p. 75. Other more smoothe hypocrites yet as grosse idolaters use the Lords Prayer as a close of their own M Canns Necessity of Separation p. 66. It is all one whether turning on the left hand we embrace the Idolatry of Bishops or turning on the other hand we follow the new devices of mens foolish brains for utter destruction certainly follows both N Robinsons Apologie p. 89. Quae nos ad Separationem solicitant ipsam Ecclesiae materialem formalem constitutionem ejusdemque politeiae administrationem essentialem spectant O Johns Enquiry p. 25. Seeing by the mercy of God we have seen and forsaken the corruptions which remain in the French and Dutch Churches we cannot partake with them in such case without apostacie from the Truth P Johns Plea p. 231. Every particular Church with their Pastors stand immediately under Christ the Arch-Pastor without any other strange Ecclesiastical power intervening whether it be of Prelates or other unlawful usurping Synods or of any such like invented by man and brought into the Church Barrows Dis p. 261. If we would but lightly examine these secret Classes these ordinary set Synods which the Reformists would openly set up they shall no doubt be found as new strange Antichristian and prejudicial to the Rights of the Church as contrary to the Gospel of Christ as the other what shew soever of former antiquity or present necessity they can pretend Idem Refut of Giffâ—rd p. 137. These are the antient Sects of the Pharisees and Sadduces the one in precisenesse outward shew of holinesse hypocrisie vain-glory and covetousnesse resembling or rather exceeding the Pharisees the other in their whole Religion and dissolute conversation like to the Sadduces looking for no Resurrection Judgement or life to come the one removing from place to place for their advantage and best entertainment in the errour of Ba'aam for wages seduce and distract the people of the Lord from their own Churches and Pastors Sions Royal Prerogative in the Preface Whereas the Papists place the power of Christ given to the Church in the Pope the Protestants in the Bishops the Reformed Churches as they are called in the Presbytery Neither of them hath right in this thing but contrarywise Christ hath given the said power of his to all his Saints and placed it in the Body of every particular Congregation Q 1. Robinsons Apol. p 83. Personas Episcoporum vel autoritatem qua potiuntur civilem in rebus vel civilibus vel etiam Ecclesiasticis non aversamur Q 2. Vide supra F. R 1. Bar. Dis p. 33. Such like detestable stuff hath Master Calvin in his ignorance brought to defend his own rash and disorderly proceedings at Geneva whiles he at the first dash made no scruple to receive the whole State into the bosome of the Church yea that which is worse and more to be lamented it became a miserable precedent and pernicious example to all Europe to fall in the like transgression as in the confused estate of all those Regions where the Gospel is thus orderly taught is more then plain R 2. Robins Apol. p. 7. Profitemur coram Deo hominibus adeo nobis convenire cum Ecclesus reformatis Belgicis in re Religionis ut omnibus singulis earundem Ecclesiarum fidei Articulis prout habentur in harmonia Confessionum fidei paratisimus subscribere Ibid. p. 11. Ecclesias reformatas pro veris genuinis habemus cum iisdem in sacris Dei Communionem profitemur quantum in nobis est colimus conciones publicas ab illarum pastoribus habitas ex nostris qui norunt Linguam Belgicam frequentant Sacram coenam earum membris si qua forte nostris coetibus intersint nobis cognita participamus Malis illarum serio ingemiscimus Apol. for the Brownists pag. 35. We are willing and ready to subscribe those Grounds of Religion published in the Confession of Faith made by the Church of Scotland hoping in the unity of the same Faith to be saved by Jesus Christ being also like minded in points of greatest moment with all other Reformed Churches and on the contrary for Anabaptists Familists and all other Heretikes new and old we utterly reject them and all their Errours and Heresies Johns plea. p. 245. I acknowledge the Reformed Churches to be the true Churches of Christ with whom I agree both in the Faith of Christ and in many things concerning the Order and Government of the Church R 3. Johns Inquiry p. 57. Having declined to divers Errors of the Dutch the Church did excommunicate him and so still he remains Ibid. p. 59. Yet it is false that we have excommunicate any for the hearing onely the Word preached among the Dutch or French for these that yet we have cast out here it hath been partly for revolting from the truth which they professed with us to the corruptions of those Churches and partly for other sins S The Confession p. 26. The state of the Dutch Church at Amsterdam is so confused that the whole Church can never come together in one they read out of a Book certain Prayers invented and imposed by man the command of Christ Matth. 18. they neither observe nor suffer to be observed rightly they worship God in the Idoll-Temples of Antichrist their Ministers have their set maintenance their Elders change yeerly they celebrate marriage in the Church they use a new censure of Suspension T Robins apol p. 81. Ecclesiae Anglicanae constitutio materialis est ex hominum flagitiosorum colluvie paucis si cum reliquis piis admistis conferantur V Canns necessity p. 167. He is to come himself into the publike Assembly all looking on him with love and joy as one that comes to be married and there he is to make publike Confession of his Faith to answer divers questions being found worthy by the consent of the whole he is to be taken into the Communion X Bar. dis p. 34. I have shewed that the known and suffered sin of any Member is contagious to all that communicate with them in that estate and maketh them which communicate in Prayers or Sacraments with such an obstinate offender as guilty in Gods sight as he himself is Y Bar. dis p. 34. I have shewed that the whole Church hath no power to dispence with the breach of the least Commandment and that such obstinate sin in the whole Church breaketh the Covenant with God and maketh it cease to be a Church or in Gods favour till it repent Z Vide supra X Y. AA Bar. dis p. 157. They make this part of Gods Word substantial that of Form this Fundamental that Accidental this necessary to Salvation that needlesse
that new way began first to be dangerous to the rest of the world For Master Cotton a man of very excellent parts contrary much to his former judgement having faln into a liking of it and by his great with and learning having refined it without the impediment of any opposition became the great instrument of drawing to it not onely the thousands of those who left England but also by his Letters to his friends who abode in their Countrey made it become lovely to many who never before had appeared in the least degree of affection toward it Before his departure from England by conferences in London he had brought off Master Davenport and Master Goodwin from some of the English Ceremonies E but neither of these two nor himself at that time did minde the least degree of Separation F yet so soon as he did taste of the New-English air he fell into so passionate an affection with the Religion he found there that incontinent he began to perswade it with a great deal more zeal and successe then before he had opposed it G His convert Master Goodwin a most fine and dainty Spirit with very little ado was brought by his Letters from New-England to follow him unto this step also of his progresse and that with so high an estimation of his new Light that he was bold to boast of it in termes a little beyond the lines of moderation H It had been happy for England that Master Cotton had taken longer time for deliberation before that change of his minde He might have remembred his too precipitant rashnesse in former times both to receive and to send abroad to the world such Tenents whereof after he had cause to repent God in wisedom permits his dearest children to set black marks on their own faces not onely to keep themselves in humility and suspition of their own hearts but to divert others from idolizing their gifts and setting up their persons as a patern for their too sudden imitation I would not willingly detract from any mans reputation I am oft ready enough both to hear with contentment and liberally to speak to the praises of men much inferiour in my thoughts to Master Cotton Yet when his gifts are turned into snares when they become occasions of stumbling and contrary to the minde of the giver are made inducements to follow him in his wanderings I am of opinion that neither Piety nor Charity will hinder to remark his evident and known failings That as his eminent endowments are strong invitations to run after him so the mixture of cleer weaknesse may be a retractive to every prudent man and a caveat from God to beware of his wayes as well as of any other mans I take it for a great mercy of God to simple ones that the most if not all who have offred themselves to be Ringleaders in any Heresie or Schism or other by-way have ever bin permitted to fall into some evident folly to the end that they whose simplicity made them too prone to be misled by the strength of pregnant wits and the luster of excellent gifts which in the most of Sectaries to this day have ever been apparent might be held in the love of the truth and made cautious of being led aside by them in whose footsteps a very blunt eye might perceive the print of an evil spirit Not to speak of Master Cottons long continuance in the Errours of his education sundry whereof stuck to him as he confesseth all the time of his abode in England I Nor of his more dangerous fall into the gulf of Pelagianism some of the Arminian Errours from which the writings of Dr. Twisse are said to have reclaimed him K However the Doctor doth say that he hath no assurance of his recantation to this day and therefore was willing that his Treatise against Master Cottons erroneous writings should be published to the world To passe by also that which I have heard of some gracious Ministers of his old Montanism wherein some think he remaineth to this day That which I point at is another more dangerous fall which as already it hath much humbled his spirit and opened his ear to instruction and I trust it will not leave working till it have brought him yet neerer to his Brethren So to the worlds end it cannot but be a matter of fear and trembling to all who shall know it and of aboundant caution to be very wary of receiving any singularity from his hand without due tryal That which I speak of is his wandring into the horrible Errours of the Antinomians and Familists with his dear friend Mistresse Hutchinson so far that he came to a resolution to side with her and separate from all the Churches in New-England as legal Synagogues The truth of this horrible fall if ye will not take it from the parties themselves the followers of Mistresse Hutchinson who ofttimes were wont to brag of Master Cotton for their Master and Patron L nor from the Testimony of Master Williams M who had as much occasion to know it as any man else and if I mistake not the humor of the man is very unwilling to report a lie of his greatest enemy Yet we may not reject the witnesse of Master Winthrop the wisest of all the New-English Governours hitherto and of Master Wells a gracious Minister of that Land in their Printed Relations of the Schisms there both those albeit with all care and study they endeavour to save Master Cottons credit yet let the truth of Master Cottons seduction fall from their Pens in so clear termes as cannot be avoided for however what they speak of the erring of the most eminent in place might be applyed to the Governour for the time N 1. Yet when they tell us that the most of the Seducers lived in the Church of Boston and that the whole Church of Boston except a few were infected with that Leprosie and that none of them were ever-called to an account by the Presbytery of that Church till after the Assembly though the Pastor of that Church Master Wilson was alwayes exceedingly zealous against them also that in face of the General Court Mistresse Hutchinson did avow Master Cotton alone and Master Wheelwright to Preach the truth according to her minde and that Master Cotton himself before that same Court did openly dissent even after the Assembly from all his Brethren about Wheelwrights Doctrine These and other the like informations are so clear that no art will get Master Cotton freed N 2. I have been also informed by a gracious Preacher who was present at the Synod of New-England that all the Brethren there being exceedingly scandalized with Master Cottons carriage in Mistresse Hutchinsons processe did so far discountenance and so severely admonish him that he was thereby brought to the greatest shame confusion and grief of minde that ever in all his life he had indured But leaving the person of Master
a do these two divided Churches are brought together it may be much doubted if their Union shall long continue Certainly it seems not to be so cordial as that of the two lately divided and now reunited Churches aâ— Amsterdam For among these of Roterdam not onely the grounds of the old division do evidently remain but also the Seeds of a new breach do appear above the ground The liberty of Prophecying which Master Simpsons now Master Simons Congregation did require is not obtained in the way they desired it for they are not permitted to Prophecy in the Congregation nor upon the Sabbath day nor in the place of publike meeting Onely in a private place on a week day where some of the Church who please do meet they have liberty to exercise their gifts On the other part what Master Bridges now Mr. Parks Church did require I mean a Presbytery for Government in the Congregation cannot be obtained For however they professe the lawfulnesse and conveniency of Ruling Elders and of a Consistory for Discipline yet it hath so faln out that for many yeers they have had none neither are like in haste to have unlesse the grumbling of Master Parks and his friends threatning a new breach do force them at last to the use of that Ordinance But that which threatneth not a Schisme alone but a total dissolution of that Congregation is the Pest of Anabaptism which begins of late much to infect them P It is true the Pastors do their best to reclaim all their members from that Errour and when they finde themselves not able to prevail give good words and assurances of a full and Brotherly Toleration for as they scruple not to give the hand of Fellowship to the Brownists of Amsterdam Q so will they not cast out any from their Church for denying of Pedobaptism if the dissenting and erring party be pleased to remain peaceably amongst them But here is the pitty when the Independents have declared their greatest readinesse to tolerate and entertain in their Churches both the rigid Separatists and the Anabaptists R yet the most of those are unwilling to stay but are peremptory to separate from the Independent Churches as more corrupt then that they with a good conscience can abide in them though never so much tolerated and cherished As for their Church at Arnhem howsoever their small intercourse with others during their abode in that remote corner and their taciturnity of their own affairs makes their proceedings to lie under a Cover yet so much of their wayes is come to light upon divers occasions as will not be very inductive and alluring of indifferent spirits to tred in their footsteps First We finde them greater admirers of themselves and proclaimers of their own excellency then is the custome of modest and wise though the best and greatest men They think it not enough to anoint their Masters and Friends of New-England with excessive praises as men who have not been matched by any of the Saints since the dayes of Abraham S but they are also bold to sound out to themselves in Print in the ears of both Houses of Parliament a commendation much above the possible merit of any so small a number of men in the whole world The Synod of Roterdam they equal to the most solemn National Assemblies of either or both Kingdoms T This exceeding great worth upon whose head must it fall but either alone or far most principally upon the Members of the Church of Arnhem For that Synod did consist of no other but the two Doctors of that Church and the two Elders thereof together with Master Bridge and the Members of his Church These last were present in that Synod as persons challenged and guilty of a grievous scandal so to them in that action but a small praise can be due Wherefore the supereminent Excellency of that meeting must fall upon the Commissioners of Arnhem the onely persons which in that meeting were void of offence and free from challenges To themselves therefore it is alone or at least above all others that they ascribe the superlative praises of that Synod In that same place they stick not to take to themselves the honour of so great sincerity as any flesh in the world not onely hath at this present but possibly can attain in any following Age V We wonder the lesse to hear them canonize their Colleague Master Archer after his death among the most precious persons who ever trod upon the earth X This self-overvaluing seems to be the ground why they cry out of their very moderate afflictions as of great calamities they ingeminate to the Parliament over and over their persecution their poverty their miserable exile Y when they who understand the case give assurance that not one of Ten of the most prosperous Ministers of the whole world in the time of their greatest Sunshine do live in more wealth ease honour and all worldly accommodations then these poor miserable exiles did enjoy all the time of that which they call their banishment Z My next observation upon that Church is that an humour of innovating at least if not a spirit of errour did much predomine among them To passe by that wantonnesse of wit which in their Books and Discourses doth much appear whereby they attribute without fear to a number of Scriptures such new and strange senses as before them were never heard of We finde them pleasing themselves in divers Doctrines which no Reformed Church doth assert for truth yea their own Brethren both of New-England and of Roterdam and of Amsterdam do reject as Errours They are not content with some few little touches of Chiliasm which yet Master Cotton tells us are but fleshly imaginations AA But they run themselves over head and ears in the deepest gulph of that old Heresie The glimpse of Sions glory Preached at a Fast in Holland by T. G. which common report without any contradiction that I have heard declares to be Thomas Goodwin averrs That Independency is a beginning or at least a neer antecedent of Christs Kingdom upon Earth BB That within five yeers Christ is to come in the flesh CC and by a Sword of Iron to kill with his own hand the most of his enemies DD and thereafter to passe over a thousand yeers EE as a worldly Monarch FF with his Saints Who shall live with him all that time in all sorts of fleshly delights GG Master Archer the onely Pastor that ever they had whose praises they sound forth so loud in their Apologetick would perswade us of the same and more grosse stories HH Master Burrows in his late Sermons upon Hosea runs in the same way II. Neither is this all the new Light that did shine forth in the Candlestick of Arnhem but there also Master Archer giveth forth for the comfort of his hearers without the reproof so far as yet we have heard of any of his Colleagues
solemn debate upon it they speak as if they were either fully or very neere accorded with us professing their utter dislike of the Brownists unreasonablenesse herein but I professe this hath alwayes seemed to me their capitall and fundamentall difference the only cause of their separation from us and wherein if wee could either agree or accommodate there would be a faire possibility of accord in all things else at least so farre as to be united in one and the same Church but this difference is the great partition wall which so long as it stands will force them to continue their intolerable practice of separating from all the Reformed Churches in the world and that for fewer and more unjust causes then any who ever did carry the name of a Separatist to this day did pretend This seemes to bee the reason why both Apollonius and Spanheim very excellent Divines have begun their dispute with this question For the stating of the controversie consider how it stands betwixt us and the Independents at this time the Brownists for their separation were wont to alledge the impurity of our worship the corruption of our Government the open prophanesse of the most in our Congregations By the mercy of God the first is fully Reformed at least so farre according to the minde of our brethren that they have entred no dissenting vote to any one passage of the Directory for worship The Government also is so farre cleared in the Assemblie that they have entered their dissent from no part of it except that alone which concerns the Iurisdiction of Presbyteries and Synods and their dissent herein might and still may well be so carried as not to occasion any breach But the third is the great cause of division wherein they much out-runne the Brownists for they did never offer to separate upon this ground alone and the matter whereupon here they stumbled was only open profanenesse and that incorrigible either through want of power or want of care to remedy it If the profanenesse was not open and visible or if the Church had her full power to execute discipline and according to her power made conscience really to censure scandalls These things as I conceive would have abundantly satisfied the Brownists and cured their separation But the Independents now doe draw them up much higher then they were wont to stand They teach them to stumble not only at open profanenesse but at the want of true grace yea at the want of convincing signes of Regeneration They teach them to require not only a power and care in the Church to censure such profanenesse but also a power in every member of the Church to keep out all others with whom they are not satisfied in the truth of their grace So the question is not as usually it is made of the quality of the members of the Church but of the necessity to separate from that Church wherein we are not satisfied by convincing signs of the true faith and grace of every member at their first admission Wee grant it is earnestly to be wished and all lawfull meanes would diligently bee used both by Pastors and people to have all the members of a Church most holy and gratious and what ever lawfull overture our Brethren can invent for this end we with all our heart will embrace it or else be content to beare much blame We grant also that it is the duty of Church-Governours to keep off every scandalous person from profaning to their own damnation the holy things of the Lord and that it is the duty of these Governours not only to suspend from the holy Table all scandalous persons but farther to cast all such out of the Church without respect of persons in the case of obstinacy when by no meanes they can bee brought to satisfactory repentance we grant also that Church-Governours deficient in these duties ought themselves to be disciplined by the rod of Church-Censures these things were never controverted But the question is whether because of the admission of some to Church-membership who have not given satisfaction to every member of the Church in the point of their reall Regeneration a Church may lawfully be separated from as vitiously constitute for that essentiall defect in its very matter Our Brethrens constant and resolute practice albeit gilded over with many faire words maketh this to be the cleare state of the question against which I reason thus First What to Moses and the Prophets was not a sufficient cause of separation from the Churches of their time is not a sufficent cause for us to separate from the Churches in our times But want of satisfaction by convincing signes of the true grace of many members of the Church was not a sufficient cause for Moses and the Prophets to separate in their times Ergo The minor is cleare and uncontroverted for Moses and the Prophets were so farre from separating from the Churches of their dayes for want of assurance of the true grace of every person in these Churches that they remained still to their dying day in the bosome of these Churches comumnicating with them in the Word Prayer Sacraments and Sacrifices though they were assured of the evident wickednesse of the most of their fellow-members Moses knew the Body of Israel to bee a crooked and perverse generation Isaiah tells the Iewes that they were another Sodom Ieremy sheweth that Israel in his dayes was uncircumcised in heart no better then Moab Ammon or Edom Micah that the godly in his time were very rare as the summer fruits as the grapes after the Vintage of this truth all the Prophets are full yet for all this none of the Prophets did ever think of a separation All the difficulty then is in the major which thus we prove The Church in the dayes of Moses and the Prophets was one and the same with the Church of our dayes The House of God the body of Christ the Elect and redeemed people the holy Nation the peculiar treasure and spouse of the Lamb The difference of the true Church in any age is at most but in accidentall circumstances and not in any essentials so what ever morall evill doth defile the Church now and is a just cause of ejection or separation that must be so at all times especially under the old Testament where all the Ceremoniall differences that are alledged betwixt the Church then and now make for the strengthning of the Argument for then the causes of separation were stricter and smaller a little Ceremoniall pollution would then have kept out of the sanctuary much more a morall uncleannesse would have made the sacrifice abominable If therefore at that time the matter in hand was no cause of separating from the Church much lesse can it be so now when God hath given a greater liberty to the Church in her majority and when Christians are not so easily infected by their neighbours sinnes as of old in the dayes
Ghost the sonnes and daughters of the Father must be understood as many such priviledges of the universall and invisible Church or when any of them are to be applyed to a particular visible Church they must be understood of that Church not according to every one but only the living and gracious members thereof That such priviledges of the Catholicke invisible Church when they are applyed to a particular visible Congregation are to be understood according to this distinction of members Robinson him selfe while yet in his rigid separation grants it expresly The places thus expounded prove not the point for grant to every Congregation so high priviledges as you will yet if they must be verified of that Congregation only according to some members and not according to all if they be to be understood only of the Elect in that Congregation who have the sanctifying Spirit of Christ not of many others who are dead in nature and yet are such members who have right from God according to our Brethrens own Tenet to perform Church acts such as are the preaching of the Gospel the celebration of the Sacraments the admission of members the execution of censures with such authority from Christ as makes all these acts truly valid for the comfort and salvation of the Elect they prove not the true grace of every person whom we must acknowledge to be a true member of a Church If you will extend these places to every singular member of particular visible Churches as indeed the Argument if it have any strength doth import the absurdity will be great for so it will carry to the Pelagianisme of Arminius in the extent of the true grace of God beyond the Elect to all the members of a visible Church also to the totall and finall Apostacy of many who are the Temples of the holy Ghost the members of Christ the faithfull and sanctified children of God For the Argument maketh every member of any visible Church to be such daily experience proves that many members of every visible Church are castawayes Yea the Argument drives further then any of the Arminians will follow for however they extend the true and saving grace of God beyond the Elect members of a Church yet none of them ever said that this sanctifying and saving grace must be in every person before they can bee admitted members of any Church For this is that grosse errour which the Independents have learned not so much from Arminius as Socinus to put all men unconverted without the Church that in this condition they may be converted by the preaching of private men and if by Pastors yet by their Preaching not as Pastors but as private men dealing with these who are none of their Flock but without the Church Neither doe the Socinians so farre as I know extend their Tenet thus farre as to require all before they be members of the Church to be truly regenerate as if the only instrument of regeneration and conversion were the preaching of private men without the Church and the preaching of Pastors within the Church did serve only for the continuing of the sence of justification and the encrease of sanctification as being performed of purpose only unto these persons who at their first entrance into the Church while yet they were without and but comming in have demonstrate the certainty of their enjoying these graces The second Argument God receives none to be members of the visible Church but those who shall be saved but the Stewards of Gods house may receive none but whom God doth receive Ergo the Stewards of Gods house may receive none to bee members of a visible Church but those who shall be saved Answer The Conclusion is subject to the most of the faults observed upon the conclusion of the former Argument which I doe not repeat only consider that this conclusion beareth expresly that none may be members of a visible Church but these who shall be saved and so who are truly Elect. We would not be deceived with their distinctions of inward and outward holinesse of seeming and reall grace of charitable and veritable discerning for this and the other Argument inferres flatly that no other must be received as members in a visible Church but such as first are tryed and found to bee really holy and who shall be saved We Answer therefore to the Minor That it is evidently false for the Reasons which we brought upon the Minor of the former Argument The place of the Acts brought for the proofe of it is detorted such as were to be saved were added to the Church is this indefinite proposition to be understood universally that all who were to be saved were added to the Church the former Argument maketh this no necessary truth for if men must be justified sanctified and put in the way of salvation before they be added to the Church then though they were never added to the Church they may well bee saved They would doe well here to remember their own ordinary practice contrary to that which here they professe to be the way of God Why doe they not adde to their Church all that are to be saved why exclude they many whom they grant to be truly gracious and Elect upon this ground alone that they cannot approve of their Independency or Covenant Or suppose the proposition to be universall yet must it be reciprocall and convertible Be it so that all who were to be saved were added to the Church yet must all who are added to the Church be saved This is an evident untruth Will they that all the members of their Church must be saved or doe they think that all the persons of their Churches who shall not be saved were never true members of their visible Church Iudas was made a member of the Apostolick society by Christ and many men were brought into the visible Church by the Prophets and Apostles who shall not be saved Shall damnation and want of true grace cast them all out of the true Church and take from them their power and right to do the actions of a Church-member The third Argument If it be put in any forme will readily fall under the exceptions of the first but since the Author puts no forme upon it I shall only consider its matter It consists of the misapplication of three Scriptures first of Peters Confession Matâ—h 8. they alledge that such a profession of Faith as the Father reveales to particular persons is the ground of a visible Church and so who ever is a member of that Church must both professe Faith and have the Spirit to indite that profession Answer This is a strange Argument For first we may not admit that the Church founded upon the Rock is every particular visible Church The priviledges of the Catholike and visible Church which the Iesuites by all their wrestlings have never been able to extort from us for their Idoll
of Rome shall we throw them away upon every Independent Congregation how unstable Rocks these Congregations are and how easily by small tentations shaken in pieces themselves may remember Secondly the Rock whereupon the Church is builded is Christ whom Peter did confesse we may not make any mans profession were it never so cleere and never so zealous the foundation of the Church in such a fashion that the ignorance or hypocrisie of any man may remove the foundation of any Church Thirdly shall no man be a member of a Church till the holy Ghost dictate unto him such a confession of Faith as he did unto Peter if none but the Elect and those who are filled with the holy Ghost may be members of Churches the Anabaptists have won the field However what here is alledged is not true of Peter himselfe who long before that confession was a member of the Church The second place mis-applied is the reproofe of the guest for his comming to the Lords Feast without the wedding-garment whereupon is inferrd the duty of the Church to hold out all who want the wedding-garment of true grace Answ This conclusion is not only beside but against the Text vers 9.10 the servants are commanded to invite as many as they could finde both good and bad they had no commission to hold out any for want of the wedding-garment for that garment was within upon the soule unperceptible by any but his eye who searches the heart and the reynes The Apostles in their search went not beyond a blamelesse profession and experience may teach our Brethren that themselves are able to reach no farther finding after all their triall so many in their purest Congregations whom time declares to want that garment The third place mis-applyed is the parable of the Tares as if the Tares came into the Church by the sleepinesse of the servants Answ This also is a bold addition to Scripture it is not said while the servants sleeped but while men sleeped noting no negligence in men who did sleep when it was seasonable and necessary for them to sleep but only the secret and dark time of the night or the secret dark and imperceptible way of Satan his working in hypocrites and corrupting the Church However this part of the parable is no wayes argumentative for Christ in his full application toucheth not at all upon this circumstance but the maine scope of the parable declareth to us the nature of the visible Church upon earth contrary to the argument in hand That Christ doth not intend to have upon earth any Church wherein the Tares shall not be mixed with the wheat for if he did not finde in his wisedome the expediency of this administration hee could in his power easily alter or prevent it Their fourth argument is drawn from the second to Timothy 3.5 who have a form of Godlinesse but deny the power of it from such we must turne away Ergo who are not found to have positive and satisfactory signes of regeneration ought not to be admitted members of any Church Answ The consequent is naught for the strength of it will lie in this proposition Every professor who bringeth not demonstrative signes of his regeneration and true grace is a man who hath the forme of godlinesse and denyeth the power thereof How false this is both the Text and our Brethrens practice will evidence The Text puts it out of doubt that the men whom the Apostle calls the denyers of the power of godlinesse are persons openly scandalous and flagitious as the verses both before and after doe demonstrate even such whom the Apostle describes Tit. 1. abominable disobedient and to every good work reprobate Now it is cleare that many professors who are not able to bring out any convincing signes of their regeneration are notwithstanding free from all scandall and however many hypocrites can goe beyond them in making faire and satisfactory shewes to men yet sundry of them may be the elect children of God and really most gracious in his eyes how unable or unwilling soever they be to make this much appeare to the world Secondly the men whom the Apostle speaks of are to be cast out of the Church after their admission but our Brethren will not cast out all of whose regeneration they are not convinced after once they are admitted for if so Excommunication in every Church would become too frequent Their fifth argument is this No hypocrite none who at last will leave their first Love are to be admitted in the Church for all such will ruine the Church and procure the removing of the Candlestick but all that cannot prove their regeneration convincingly are such Answ This is a bold and rash argument laying a necessity to exclude all hypocrites from the Church and all such as may fall away from any degree of their first love We answer then that the minor is very false for many gracious persons farre from hypocrisie and free from all decay of their first love may be unable to satisfie themselves or others in the certaine truth of their regeneration But the major is more false against the practise of Christ and the Apostles who did alwayes receive divers hypocrites and our Brethren dare not deny that they do so also for their Churches consist not all of reall Saints However the very Text alledged proveth our Tenet for Ephesus to Christ there is a most true Church notwithstanding their fall from their first Love and his threatning of them with the removall of their Candlestick if they did not repent Unto this fifth they subjoyne as appendices two other arguments taken from the ancient types under the Law The first The stones in Solomons Temple were not laid rough in the building Ergo men irregenerate must not bee admitted members of a Christian Church Answ This is a wanton argument though the Temple might be a type of every Congregation and the stones of Temple of the members of a particular visible Church yet that the roughnesse of the stones should be a type of irregeneration and above all that the place of hewing these stones should be a type and that argumentative to inferre that the place of our vocation regeneration justification and sanctification must be without the Church and that it is necessary we be like a stone perfectly hewen before wee be laid in the Church building this is a kinde of Ratiocination which solid divinity will not admit The other typicall argument is this The porters excluded uncleane persons from the Temple therefore the Officers ought to keep the irregenerate from the Church Answ There is no argumenting from symbolick types except where the spirit of God in Scripture applies a type to such a signification and use Where did our Brethren learne to make the porters of the Temple types of the Church-officers Their people will not bee content to be cheated of the Keyes by such symbolizing If they will
here of Apostles and not of ordinary Ministers is not satisfactory for he speaks both of Apostles and ordinary Ministers because of such officers who were to remain in the Church unto the end of the world and with whose Ministry he was alwayes and ever to be present as it followeth in verse 20. But the Church from that time to the worlds end was not to be served by Apostles only who soon after were removed but by ordinary Pastors also the Apostles Successors Moreover there is no reason for the connexion of baptism and Preaching in the person of the Apostles that will not hold as well if not better in the person of ordinary Ministers Our other proofe of the major is this The power of preaching is more then the power of baptisme Ergo who have the first have the second also The antecedent is manifest from 1 Cor. 1.17 Christ sent me not to baptise but to preach to intimate the excellency of the one above the other the Apostle declares not only his seldome practice of the one but denyeth his commission for it in comparison of the other The second Argument Who ever have power to preach are sent of God to preach But these who have no office in the Church are not sent of God to preach Ergo They that have no office in the Church have no power to preach The major is grounded on Rom. 10.15 How shall they preach except they be sent The minor may bee proved not only from the nature of the thing the calling of God to preach and a mans ordinary preaching on Gods call importing an office and charge to do such a work but also from the place in hand compared with its fountaine whence it is derived Isay 52.8 Thy watchmen shall lift up the voyce where it is cleare that these whom the Lord sends to preach are watchmen from whose hand the blood of them that die without warning will be required Ezeck 33.6 Who watch for the peoples soules as they who must give an account Heb. 12.17 which is not true of any man who hath no charge Every ordinary preacher labours in the word and doctrine no man out of office labours in the word and doctrine for labouring in the word and doctrine is the character and specifick difference of the Pastor and Doctor whereby they are distinguished from the ruling Elder 1 Tim. 5.17 This character and form of the prime Officers cannot be given to men out of all office The major is proved from the very terms of the proposition for no man can acquire an ability to preach ordinarily the Word in the Congregation and to exercise that gift for the Churches edification without great and constant labouring in that Word Fourthly Every Preacher of the Word hath gotten a gift from Christ for the perfecting of the Saints for the work of the Ministry for the edifying of the body of Christ but no man out of office hath gotten such a gift Ergo. The major they do not deny for they make the ground of their Prophets preaching to be their gift to edifie the Church The minor thus we prove Apostles Evangelists Prophets Pastors and Doctors are not out of office But all who have received such gifts are Apostles c. Ergo none who have received such gifts are out of office The major none will deny the minor is grounded on Ephes 4.8 11. where there is a perfect enumeration of all the teaching gifts which Christ gave to the Church for edification of these are reckoned up only five Apostles c. and to Gods perfect numbers men may not adde Fifthly It was unlawfull for men out of office to sacrifice Ergo it is unlawfull for men out of office to preach The consequence lieth in the parity of preaching to sacrificing the one being as great an honour if not a greater then the other for I suppose it will be granted that the Sacraments of the New Testament are in many respects more excellent then the Sacrifices of the old Now preaching as we have proved before is more excellent then baptism a Sacrament of the New Testament The antecedent is proved from Heb. chap. 5. v 3.4 5. No man taketh this honour to himselfe viz. to offer up Sacrifices but he that is called of God as was Aaron so also Christ glorified not himselfe to be made an High Priest Here it is made unlawfull both for Aaron and Christ to offer up Sacrifices before they had a calling to be Priests Sixthly Whoever have gotten of God a calling or a gift to preach the Gospel they are obliged to keep encrease their gift to improve that calling by giving themselves wholy to reading by laying aside all worldly occupations not intangling themselves with the things of this life but no man out of office is thus obliged Ergo. The minor they grant for they will not have their Prophets to be so much in reading as may distract them from their worldly Trade and civill occupation The major is proved from 1 Tim. cha 4. ver 13.14 15. where Timothy is commanded to keep his gift of preaching by the meanes named The reason is alike to all that have that gift whether they have it by Prophesie laying on of the hands of the Presbytery as Timothy had it or any otherwayes for the gifts of God however gotten must not bee neglected and the meanes prescribed of God for the entertaining of these gifts may not bee slighted least of all by them in whom the gift is but mean and small they of all others have most need of the strongest meanes to make their smoking flax to burn beside publick preaching is a faculty of that nature that all the reading and attendance which any man can bestow upon it will have enough ado to support and entertaine it in any usefull and edifying condition Seventhly None may lawfully preach but such as the Apostles appointed to preach But the Apostles appointed no man out of office to preach The minor alone is questionable which thus we prove The Apostles appointed no others to preach but Elders Ergo none out of office The antecedent we have from Titus 1.5 That thou shouldest ordaine Elders in every City as I had appointed thee Eightly the permitting of private men out of office to preach is a great meanes of confusion in the Church and breeding of errors and strife Ergo it s not of God The antecedent is made too cleare by daily experience the consequence is builded upon the nature of God who is a God and Author of truth and order what is from him is conduceable to these ends not to the contrary The opposite Arguments are many Robinson while yet he was as I suppose in the height of his Separation did fill a whole book with them the best of these Arguments whereupon our Brethren are pleased to pitch be these following First in the Church of Corinth men
offended by a brother as well without as within the same Congregation and as well by many brethren as by one yea as well may we be offended by a whole Church as by one member thereof Now if after the minde of our adverse party the subordination of fewer to moe might not be extended without the bounds of one Congregation the Lords medecine were not meete to cure very many ordinary and daily scandals for what if a man be scandalized by the neighbour Church To whom shall he complaine When the Church offending is both the Judge and party it is likely she will misregard the complaints that are made to her of her selfe What if a man be scandalized by his owne Church or by the most or by the strongest part of it What if that Church to whom he complaineth take part against Justice and reason with him upon whom he complaines It will be impossible to remedy innumerable offences which daily fall out among brethren unlesse appeales be granted and the subordination established by Christ be extended not onely without the bounds of one Parish but as farre and wide as the utmost limits of the Church universall for upon this place is rightly grounded by the Ancients the Authority of Synods even Oecumenick of all the Churches Thirdly the subordination established by Christ Matth. 18. is so farre to be extended in the Christian Church as it was extended in the Church of the Jewes for Christ there alludeth to the Jewish practise But so it is that in the Iewish Church there was ever a subordination of fewer to moe not onely within the same Synagogue but within the whole Nation and so within the whole Church Universall for all Synagogues everywhere in the world were under the great Councell at Ierusalem No doubt of the Minor the Major is builded upon this ground that what ever Christ hath translated from the Synagogue to the Church especially if it be of naturall equity hath as great force now amongst Christians as of old among the Iewes Now that the subordination of Synagogues to the great Councell is of naturall equity it appeareth thus A Synagogue was the lowest Ecclesiasticke Court the Councell was the highest but the subordination of the lowest Court to the highest is of naturall right for Nature hath ever dictated to all Nations as well in things civill as religious a subordination of the lowest to the highest Our fifth Argument That which taketh away all possibility of any effectuall remedy against Heresie Idolatry Schisme Tyranny or any other mischiefe that wracks either one or moe Churches is not of God for God is the Author and conserver of truth purity union order liberty and of all vertue God of his goodnesse and wisedome hath provided for all and every one of his Churches meanes and remedies which if carefully made use of are sufficient to hinder the first arising of Heresie Schisme or any other evill and when they are risen to beate them downe and abolish them so that what ever cherisheth these mischiefes and is a powerfull instrument to preserve them safe that none with any power with any authority for any purpose may get them touched that must be much opposite to the Spirit of God and good of the Church But such is Independencie as both reason and experience will prove Behold first severall Churches Suppose which too oft hath falne out that the Pastor become a pernicious Hereticke let him beginne with the venome of his Doctrine to poyson the hearts of his people what shall be the remedie Independency bindes the hands of Presbyteries and Synods Pastors of Neighbouring Congregations have no power to binde or expell that ravenous wolfe in the destroyed flock there is no Pastor but the wolfe himselfe Be it so that the people in their judgement of discretion perceive well enough the wickednesse of the false doctrin whereby they are corrupted yet the office charge and authority to cure their Pastors disease lyeth not on them The Spirits of the Prophets are subject to the Prophets the Pastor is not to be proceeded against with censure by the people of his flocke for so the order which God hath established in his Church should be inverted if they whom hee hath commanded to obey should rule and they whom he hath set above and over the flocke should be under it Further Suppose the Pastor to be most gracious what if the flocke or the greater part of the flocke become so wicked as to abuse their Pastor or to abuse the most godly of the Congregation What if a wicked spirit of Heresie Schisme or Tyranny set the most part of the flocke against God against their gracious Pastor and the godly of the flocke what shall be done in this pitifull and very possible yea oft contingent case Indâ—pendency closeth the doore of the troubled Congregation that no man may goe out to cry for any powerfull helpe to neighbours though their kindled house should burne them all to death within there is no remedy for all most goe there by the number of voyces and the most part oppresseth the best the most wicked go on against the Councells the intreaties the prayers of the rest and cease not till they have either corrupted or cast out their Pastor Elders and all of their fellow-members who are constant in goodnesse that so their wickednesse without controle may domineere in the whole subdued Congregation So long as Independency standeth no effectuall authoratative or powerfull helpe can possibly be found for the preservation of any single Congregation against ruine and totall subversion Further Independency hazards the being of all Churches as well as of every one For who shall hinder any member of a corrupted Congregation to infect all the neighbour Churches with the poyson of his doctrine and manners If a ramping Lyon a viperous Serpent a crafty Fox should goe and devour all the Lambs of the neighbour flocks Independency doth hinder any order to be taken with that limbe of Sathan no sword of censure can be drawne against him he must be referred absolutely to his owne Congregation other Churches may intreate advise and pray him not to make havoke of them but should he trouble infect and destroy twenty an hundred a thousand neighbour Congregations no Ecclesiastick censure may passe upon him but by his owne Church and when complaints of him come to his owne Church his misdeedes there are excused defended commended his Heresies are proclamed sound doctrine his devouring of soules is declared to be zeale and painfulnesse to win soules to CHRIST Our Argument is backed by experience as well as by reason The first Independent Church we reade of was that company which Mr. Browne brought over from England to Middleborough how long did it stand before it was destroyed by Independency when once Anabaptistick novelties and other mischiefes fell among them there was no remedy to prevent the companies dissolution When Mr. Barrow and his fellowes assaied at London to