persist in our errors Joh. 8.44 we are then of our father the Devil who as he was a lyar from the beginning and abode not in the truth so doth he obstinately abide for ever in the destructive and damnable errors of his waies Both this infelicity and also this sinfulness of error will more fully appear by considering and rightly understanding the nature of Heresie and Schism the two general heads whereunto all sinful error is reducible CHAP. II. Heresie the nature and ingredients thereof HEresie hath its denomination from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to chuse or follow by way of division and separation the which being continued and increased by perversness and obstinacy therein gives unto Heresie its perfection and compleatment The former is an error of the understanding the latter an exorbitancy of the will And thus both the Sententiarist and the Schoolman define an Heretique He is an Heretique who both erres in the Articles of holy faith through defect in his understanding and withal pertinaciously cleaves to such errors through the perverseness of his will From this general description of an Heretique and the nature of Heresie the particular ingredients whereof the cup of Heretical poyson is compounded will appear to be these 1. To be an Heretique is to erre in matters of faith not of Fact and in points of Doctrine not of Discipline the former distinguishes Heresie from sinfulness of life The latter opposes Heresie to Schism These points of faith are either 1. Fundamental such as are the grounds pillars and constituent parts of holy Christian Religion Or 2. Superstructive such clear and evident truthes as are built upon and by necessary consequence do flow from those grounds An error in the former is primarily and principally and in the latter secondarily and consequentially Heresie 2. He that in either of these respects erres in the most holy faith through ignorance misunderstanding or misinformation is not presently to be adjudged an Heretique untill this error in his understanding hath so infected his will and affection that he cleaves to this his private erroneous opinion even against the judgement of holy Catholick Church and the doctrine of Christ sufficiently made known unto him so the Father Qui in ecclesia Christi morbidum aliquid pravúmque sapiunt Aug. de civit dil l. 18. c. 51. si correpti ut sanum rectumque sapiant resistunt contumaciter c. They who in the Church of Christ do believe any pernicious doctrines and being instructed and admonisht to receive the sound and saving truth do yet pertinaciously persist in their errors and continue to defend them still without conversion and amendment are hereby become Heretiques of whom S. John 1 Joh. 1.19 They went out from us but they were not of us for if they had been of us they would no doubt have continued with us viz In the society of holy or thodox Christians And being gone out through the obstinate maintaining the delusions of their own heads they become saith the Father of the number of those enemies whom God permits for the trial of our faith and exercise of our charity And this particular ingredient of Heresie the same Father in one of his Epistles more fully cleareth thus Qui sâ—ntentiam suam quanvis falsam mulla peâ—tinacâ— animositate defendiâ— praeserâ—m quam non audacia suae praesumptionis peperit sed à seductis in errorem laâ—sis parentibus accepit Quaerit autem cauâ—â solicitudine veritatem corrigi paratus cum invenerit nequaquam est inter haretices deputandus Aug. Epist 162. He that defends his opinion though it be false with no perversness and animosity especially if it arise not from his own bold and sawcy presumption of mindâ— but from his erroneous and seduced guides and pasiors or parents he hath received it if with all carefulness and diligence he seek to know the Truth being of a ready and prepared heart to imbrace it when he shall sinde it such a person though he does erre in the most holy faith is not to be accounted an Heretique 3. The third ingredient then of Heretical poyson is the obstinate cleaving to an erroneous opinion or tenent in Religion contrary to the judgement of the universal Church So Isidore defines Heretiques to be such persons Isid de verbo Haetes who of their own heads depart from the judgement of the Church hammering out of their own brains false and perverse doctrines whereas saith he it is not lawful for us orthodox Christians to bring in any thing of our own heads nor yet to receive and believe what any others of their own heads have brought into the Church We have the Apostles of Christ for our Authors for even they brought in nothing of their own minde but the doctrine they received from Christ they faithfully published and preached to the world And though we saith the Apostle or an Angel from heaven should preach any other Gospel besides c. Gal. 1.18 From the Apostles the sound and saving Truth is received by the Church so that saith Irenaeus We ought not else where to seek the truth Non oportet adhuc quaerer apud alias veritatem quam facile est ab ecclesia sumere cum Apostoli quasi in depositonum dives plenissimè in ea conâ—ulerint omnia quae sunt veritatis ut omnis quicunq velit sumat ex ea potum vitae Irenae l. 3. c. 4. which in the Church may be easily found since the the Apostles have most fully treasur'd up therein as in a rich store-house all things that are of Truth so that whosoever list may thence take out the waters of life Therefore the Apostle styles the Church The pillar and ground of Truth 1 Tim. 2.15 The pillar Gloss ordin In se bene sustinens veritatem ne corruat licet tribuletur Upholding the Truth that it fall not though daily distressed by the gates or powers of hell whose instruments are Wolves without or Foxes within the one by open persecutions assailing the other by secret infectious opinions undermining the Truth but the Church like a pillar supports it and like the ground which God hath made to stand continually both upholds and holds forth the true faith and like a rock against the raging billowes of the sea stands it out against all the gusts of persecutions heresies and schismes which are as 't were that spiritual ammunition wherewith all the gates of hell are furnisht to fight against the Church of Christ and the most holy faith thereof But whilest we stand with the Church we shall not need to fear either the crafts or assaults of these ghostly enemies For upon a Rock Christ hath grounded his Church and the gates of hell shall never prevail against it Mat. 16.18 When any particular person then opposes his private spirit and judgement against the publique judgement and spirit of that Church whereof he is a member or when any particular
Church opposes the judgement of the Catholick or universal Church in point of holy faith this necessarily makes one ingredient in the sin of Heresie for so he or they do not stand upon the rock whereupon holy faith is grounded nor rest on that pillar which upholds the Truth This saith Irenaeus is the way of life meaning the way of the Church and all the rest are theeves and robbers Whosoever he be that will obstinately persist in his own erroneous opinion Haec est vitae introitus omnes a. reliliqui fures sunt latrones Si quis tam obstinatè in suo errore peâ—sistat ut universam Christi ecclesiam audire nolit talis juxta Christi mandatum pro ethnico publicano nobis habendus est Irenaeus and refuse to hear the Church let him be unto thee according to the command of Christ as a Heathen or Publican As in the natural body he is accounted a monster rather then a perfect man who hath any exuberant member that is disproportionate and not agreeable with the rest of the members of the body so in the mystical body of Christ he is an Heretique Sicut mensura est unius cujusque partis ita totius corporis quod omnibus suis partibus constat Aug. no orthodox Christian whose particular faith is exuberant and agrees not with the whole body of the Church according to that undeniable axiome Turpis est pars omnis toti non congrua That part is disorderly and sinful which agrees not with the whole whereof it is a part As there is but one faith Ephes 4.5 which is therefore called The unity of the faith vers 13. and though there be several articles or parts of holy Truth which constitute this one body of faith August yet saith the Father Veritas est veritati congrua one truth bears such a proportion with another as is agreeable to the whole so that the whole body of the true faith is like it self in all the parts or particular points thereof even so there is but one body Eph. 4.4 i. e. one Church professing this one faith Vna fides non numero sed genete qua similis in omnibus and though there be many members of this one body yet each true member is so proportionate to the whole as that all makes up but one orderly mystical body of Christ which ought to be as without spot or stain of sin so without the exuberant disorder of error 'T is the end and office of the Ministery to bring all Christians to this pitch of perfection even to be all incorporate as members of one mystical body of Christ by the unanimous acknowledgement of one faith Ephes 4.11 c. He gave some Apostles for the perfecting of the Saints for the work of the Ministry for the edifying of the body of Christ till we all come into the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God unto a perfect man unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ that we henceforth be no more children tossed to and fro and carried about with every winde of doctrine by the sleight of men and cunning craftiness whereby they lie in wait to deceive but speaking the truth in love may grow up into him in all things from whom the whole body fitly joyned together and compacted by that which every joynt supplyeth according to the effectual working in the measure of every part maketh increase of the body to the edifying of it self in love 4. The 4. ingredient of Heresie is to hold and maintain an error in faith with frowardness and opposition to lawful determinations For though all Christians cannot perhaps in their judgements submit to all lawful determinations of controversies in Religion yet however these are thereby obliged to a passive obedience to possesse their souls in patience not to oppose the authority and disturb the peace of the Church Remembring 1. That the unity peace and authority of the Church in general is more to be valued then any particular mans satisfaction And 2. That the publique resolution of the Church is to be preferred before any private mans perswasion to the contrary That opinion of S. Cyprians concerning Rebaptization was in him but an error because the Church had not determined any thing for or against it but after the Church had defin'd it and adjudged Rebaptization unlawful Euseb eccl hist lib. 7. c. 2. 't was in all persons that maintained it not an error only but an Heresie To sum up all in few words A man becomes guilty of Heresie 1. By disbeleeving any fundamental Article of Faith or necessary part of saving Truth in that sense as it was evermore received by the universal Church of Christ 2. By beleeving any superstitious Errors or Additions which do vertually and by necessary and evident consequence subvert any article of holy faith or overthrow a fundamental Truth 3. By beleeving and maintaining these or lesser errors then these with perversenesse and obstinacy after sufficient conviction 4. By beleeving and obstinately opposing private opinions in points of faith against the publique lawful Determinations of the Church to the contrary CHAP. IV. Of Schisme the nature and kindes thereof 1. SChism is so called from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to divide or rent the word is used 1 Cor. 1.10 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That there be no Schisms or divisions amongst you And because Schism and contention are inseparable twins what therefore in this verse are called Schisms in the next vers 11. are cal'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 contentions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That there are contentions amongst you And the better to conceive what is meant by these schisms and contentions 't is exemplified vers 12. One saith I am of Paul another I am of Apollo another I am of Cephas and another will not depend upon any acknowledging neither Paul nor any mortal man to be his Tutor and instructer and he saith I am of Christ Thus the immaculate body of Christ is divided into parties and sects the partakers and followers of which several sects are therefore called Sectarists and Separatists viz. Such as cleave not to the whole body but follow some one part that is broken off and divided from the whole 2. Heresie and Schism in the mystical body of Christ do differ as an inward sicknesse and outward wound in the natural body of man but yet so that there are several internal aswel as external parts and branches of Schism for by how many waies and means communion is maintain'd amongst Christians by so many waies it may be broken and dissolv'd And every breach of communion is a Schism 3. Now the Communion to be maintained amongst Christians is either Internal External The internal communion hath several branches viz. 1. To beleeve and assent to all those saving truths revealed to us by Christ and his Apostles and in all ages of the
Church maintained 1 Cor. 13.7 2. To be with all obedience prepared in heart to assent to the Dictates of the Church whether universal or particular that are agreeable to such revealed Truths Mat. 18.17 3. To judge charitably each of other accounting all such for our Christian brethren who profess this same Christian faith and are of this Christian minde and spirit Col. 2.16 4. To sympathize in each others affections which includes several particulars as 1. To sorrow for the sins and errors of others 2. To condole in the sufferings of others or to weep with them that weep Rom. 12.15 As also to congratulate the prosperities of others or to rejoyce with them that rejoyce which enjoynes also 3. To rejoyce as do the Angels of heaven at the conversion of a sinner or any misguided soul from the errors of his waies Luk. 15.7 5. To pray for the growth and perseverance of all holy and orthodox persons in faith and obedience and for the conversion of all profane schismatical and heretical persons and for the reunion of all such to the Church as are divided from it 1 Sam. 12.23 Psal 122.6 1 Tim. 2.1 6. To hold communion in our desires and affections with all such as are divided from us in perswasion and judgement and by all means to endevour an external communion with them according to our several powers and in our several places and offices Gal. 6.1 The external communion consists also of several branches As 1. In the oral confession of the same Creeds or Symbols of Christian Faith Rom. 10.9 10. 2 Tim. 1.13 2. In the participation of the same Sacraments 1 Cor. 10.16 3. In the admission of and submission unto the same Apostolical discipline and government Heb. 13.17 4. In the use of the same Liturgies or publique forms of external divine worship 1 Cor. 1.10 Rom. 15.6 4. Hence by the rule of contraries 't wil appear plainly who is a Schismatique or in what respects the guilt of Schism is contracted 1. He is guilty of Schism who withdrawes his assent from the doctrine of Christ and his Apostles either as 't is by the Church universal professed or else as 't is exprest by the doctrine and establisht by the Lawes of that particular Church whereof he is a member whilest this particular Church opposes not the doctrine of the Church Catholique for when any particular person shall in any point of faith oppose his private opinion against the publique judgement of the Church this is not only Schism in him but such a branch of Schism also as coincident with Heresie whereof before 2. He who shall limit the Church of Christ to his own particular sect or fraternity saying we are the Church we are the elect and people of God Recepimus pro misstones dâ— universalitate ecclesiae toto mundo diffusae si ergo angelus de coelo tibi has premissiones tenenti diceret Dimitte Christianitatem totius orbis tene partem Donati anathema esse deberet quia ted toto praecicidere in partem contrudere conaretur alienare à promissis Dei Aug. Epist 165. and all who joyn not in communion with us are cast-awaies and out of the State of salvation he is guilty of Schism in that he cuts off the main body of Christian people or rather cuts off himself and his own fraternity from the main body of Christs holy Catholick Church So the Donatists of old limited the Church of Christ to their own sect and the confines thereof to that part of Africk where they inhabited contrary to the promises of God who hath given unto Christ the heathen for his inheritance and the uttermost parts of the earth for his possession Psal 2.8 Gen. 22. In thee shall all the nations of the earth be blessed whereupon the Father infers since we have the promises of God concerning the universality of the Church to be diffused and spread over the face of the earth if therefore an Angel from heaven should say unto thee Forgo thy relation to the Catholick Church and be of this or that particular Church or sect which saith we and we only are the Church and people of God he ought to be accursed because he hath endevoured to cut thee off from the whole and to limit thee to a part and thereby by to alienate thee from the promises of God in Christ Jesus A third branch of Schiâ—m necessarily depends upon and flowes from the second And this is rashly to judge and uncharitably to condemn the Churches or societies of our Christian brethren so the Montanists perswaded their followers to speak evil of the universal Church where ever spread over the face of the earth and not only to deny thereunto all reverence and esteem Euseb eccl hist l. 5. c. 16. but also in no wise to joyn with them of this kinde of Schism are all such guilty who refuse to joyn with their Christian brothren in the publique service of God under pretence of separating from the wicked of the world who with the proud Pharisee in the Gospel presumptuously justifie themselves and their own Church and faction and unjustly condemn all others Luk. 18.9 who are so pure in their own eyes as to say to others Verè existimemus posse aliquid esse occultum in alio quo vebis superior sit etiam si bonum nostrum quo illo videmur superiores esse non sit occulium Aug. de verbis Apo. ser 21. Stand by thy self come not neer to me I am holier then thou Isa 65.5 little esteeming the exhortation of the Apostle Phil. 2.3 Let nothing be done through strife or vain glory but in lowliness of minde let each esteem other better then themselves For saith the Father hereupon There may be those secret and hidden vertues in others whereby they do excell thee though that whereby thou doest seem to excell others be not secret but apparent 4. To have no Christian sympathy or fellow feeling either of the sins or sufferings of our Christian brethren is a fourth branch of Schism For as in the natural body if one member suffer all the members suffer with it or one member be honoured all the members rejoyce 1 Cor. 12.26 And the reason is given vers 25. That there should be no Schism in the body but that the members should have the same care one for another So it is in the mystical body of Christ as it followes vers 27. Now ye are the body of Christ and members in particular That there be no Schism therefore 't is required that we have the same care one for another and according to the same Apostles injunction Gal. 6.2 Bear ye one anothers burdens and so fulfil the Law of Christ who hath borne the burden of our sins and so must we by his Law of charity bear one anothers burdens both of sins and sufferings or else we manifest our selves to be no true members of his mystical body but either
conform to his example He had his feigned Visions Paulus Odor bornius in vita qâ—at l. 2. and Revelations also and yet a greater Tyrant and a more bloudy villain Christendome hath not seen The Scribes and Pharisees of the Jewish Church and the Novatians and Donatists of the Christian were far greater pretenders to piety and strictness of life then the truly orthodox of either Church and yet very great and notorious Schismatiques Not to be cousened therefore with fair and goodly pretences of any party or sect of men how seemingly holy and zealous soever and pretending that they have Christ that they have the Spirit that they only are in the right when they are deeply involv'd in an abysse of errors our Lord hath fore-arm'd us with sound and saving counsell Mat. 24.23 c. Then if any shall say unto you Lo here is Christ or lo there believe it not for there shall arise false Christs and false Prophets Wherefore if they shall say Behold he is in the desert goe not forth behold he is in the secret chambers believe it not for as the lightning cometh out of the East and shineth unto the West so shall the comming of the Son of man be Two rules for the avoiding infection by false Prophets under specious pretences are hence observable Habet unaquaecunque Haeresis vel certas mundi partes unde dâ— ecce hic ecce illâ—c 1. Every Heresie saith the Glosse is limited to some particular parts of the world and the infection is not universally diffused therefore 't is said Lo here or lo there If any man then shall limit Christ to his particular Church much lesse to his particular sect or fraternity believe it not for such are false Christs and false Prophets For the Truth displaid from Christ the Sun of righteousnesse Ne crâ—datur schismaticis nomine autem oâ—ientis occidentis totum orhem designat Gloss ordin like the light of the heaven is diffused from East to West or spread over the face of the whole earth which renders the Church i. e. all sound and sincere professors of the Truth as well Catholique as Holy Vel in occultis aut obscuris conventiculis curiositatem hominum decipit haeresiâ— Id. 2. Heresie and Schism seek out obscure and retired places and begin in conventicles and private meetings therefore 't is said Behold he is in the deserâ— behold he is in the secret chambers So the Apostle of deceivers also they creep into houses and lead captive silly women c. 2 Tim. 3.6 But Veritas non quaerit angulos Truth seeketh no lurking holes is not ashamed to appear in publique being like the light that shineth from East to West open free and manifest to all except forc't to retirement by persecution and violence 9. For the avoiding of errors 't will be necessary to observe further that a Truth is not to be disbelieved or rejected because 't is profest by lewd and licentious persons or maintained by a Church and people that are in other respects erroneous and misguided For Truth is Truth by what mouth soever it bee spoken and 't is the more confirmed to be Truth because 't is even by the enemies of Truth attested to be so The unwary neglect of this rule hath not been the least in let to manifold errors for 't is too usual with many to object both against orthodox truths and ecclesiastical orders on the one hand that this or that the Papists hold and against a strict careful conscientious life on the other that thus and thus the Puritans profess Hence many truths have been rejected for errors and many decent useful orders customes ceremonies and necessary acts of discipline have been cryed down as superstitious idolatrous and antichristian and the sacred body of religion it self is almost wholly turned out of the Church under the style of Popery Nor hath that piety and integrity of life which is required of particular persons escap'd better but under the notion of Puritanism hath been too much banisht from the lives and manners of men for fear of being branded with the guilt of Schism faction and separation 10 He that will not unawares headlong himself into the gulph of error must not presume upon any extraordinary infusion of Gifts and Graces from above but in all humility wait upon God in the use of means and the careful improvement of what gifts and graces he hath already received It is the manner of Heretiques and Hypocrites saith a learned man ever to pretend to high lights of the Spirit and to finde new Joh. Cast and unheard of waies of walking with God slighting all that is common though never so commendable and catching at all that is curious though never so dangerous and thus they lose themselves in their chymerical conceptions and pretending to refine ancient piety and truth are puft up with secret pride and presumption and grasp nothing but froth and vanity That there are such things as Extasies and more then ordinary ravishments of spirit and infusions of divine gifts and qualifications is not doubted but such supereminences only superexcellent souls are capable of neither yet are they afforded to all pious devout and heavenly minded persons that so none may presume to depend upon them but that every man should keep his station and walk humbly with his God not relying upon extraordinary inspirations in the neglect of ordinary means which is in many respects destructive and dangerous as in the former Treatise And although it be most true that the conversion of every man to the truth being a work of the Spirit is therefore sudden and at one instant or moment of time begotten and wrought in the soul yet notwithstanding our progress towards perfection and bliss in the waies of Truth and Holiness goes on step by step leisurely and by degrees The pathes of the just are as the shining light which shineth more and more to the perfect day Prov. 4.18 Both the knowledge of the Truth and the practise of holiness begins with dawnings like the light of the day all darkness of ignorance and sin being not presently and in the same instant dispel'd and scattered but by little and little the light of Grace and Truth increaseth and still more and more clearly shineth towards perfection and we ascend from gift to gift and from grace to grace as the Sun mounts up by degrees to the vertical point not unlike the motions of the Angels upon Jacobs ladder Gen. 18.12 who although they had wings did not suddenly fly up and down but ascended and descended step by step so saith the Apostle Adde to your faith vertue to vertue knowledge and to knowledge temperance c. 2 Pet. 1.5 There be many now adaies wherein dissimulation and presumption so generally reigns who like to those heretical Messalians of old pretend to that perfection as to be above ordinances and means And although it be true that some few
our obedience depends upon Divine Revelation and command from God He hath shewed thee O man what is good Micah 6.8 What thing so ever I command thee observe to do it Holy Religion is not of an earthly but of a heavenly descent It is a beam displayed from that light of truth which is eternal and immutable her dwelling is in the holy heavens Wisd 9 10. where she waits upon the throne of glory And to earth she descends not by any natural investigation but by supernatural revelation Mirandâ—de sid aâ—d cred Omnis religio supernis revelationibus nititur aut niti praesumitur All religion depends upon revelation from above Flesh and bloud hath not revealed it but my Father which is in heaven Mat. 16.17 4. That there is a general knowledge of God and some notions of that religious worship we owe unto him imprinted in the hearts of all men by nature and is legible in the book of the creatures the Apostle affirms Rom. 1.20 For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen being understood by the things that are made even his eternal power and Godhead But this sight of God being not clear enough to bring us to the beatifical vision and fruition of God which is that perfection and felicity whereunto by being enstampt after the image of God he hath created c. therefore it hath pleased him more clearly to reveal himself and the waies of his religious worship to his Church and people in all ages And this either 1. extrardinarily and immediately or 2. ordinarily and in the use of means 5. The first revelation of divine truth was immediate i. e. without the mediation or ministry of man intervening But yet so as that 1. All those holy persons to whom God immediately revealed himself by certain infallible signs did themselves know and make known to others that the revelations they received were no delusions but from God himself the fountain of truth proceeding God never speaks so extraordinarily but by the same act he both makes known the things spoken and himself to be the speaker 2. That all immediate revelation was generally confirmed by miracle therefore the Jews required signs of Christ as the means to confirm every new and immediate revelation Joh. 2.18 6.30 1 Cor. 1.22 3. That not all nay nor all holy persons but only some few choice select vessels had the honour of this immediate revelation the main body of the people still received the knowledge of God by mediation i. e. from their hands in whom the office of Priesthood was in all ages enstated For the Priests lips should keep knowledge and they i.e. the people should seek the Law at his mouth for he is the messenger of the Lord of hosts Mal. 2.7 6. The truth whereof as also what we are to beleeve concerning divine revelation will appear if we do impartially consider and weigh 1. To what persons and after what manner God revealed himself from Adam unto Christ 2. That by Christ and his Apostles the whole minde of God is so fully revealed that we must not now look for the revelation of any new truths 3. That the right understanding of what is already revealed depends not upon Gods immediate inspiration or revelation from heaven but is to be acquired by Gods blessing in the use of means And that in order hereunto the knowledge of tongues and sciences is both useful and necessary 4. That to depend upon immediate revelation is not only dangerous but destructive to the truth already revealed 5. That all those texts of holy Scripture commonly alledg'd for the proof of immediate revelation are misunderstood and wrested OF DIVINE REVELATION Mediate and Immediate CHAP. I. Of divine Revelation from Adam unto Christ 1. MAn being created after the Image of God was undoubtedly at the first endued with such a perfect knowledge of divine truth as was necessary to the attainment of that felicity whereunto God created him viz. the beatifical vision and fruition of his Creator for ever For as Philosophers do affirm If it were possible that the invisible and all spiritual God could be represented under any visible or compounded shape and being His body then must needs be composed of Light and his soul of Truth So essential to the very being of God is knowledge and truth and so consequently to the being of man after the image of God 2. But this light of divine knowledge was by mans disobedience too soon eclipst and his soul involv'd in the darknesse of sinfulness ignorance and error our first parents out of a sawcy ambitious affectation to know what they ought not engulft themselves and all their posterity into a natural blindness and ignorance of what they ought to know so that ever since hoc tantum scimus quòd nihil scimus the most knowing man knowes best his own ignorance and want of knowledge For if any man think he knows any thing he knoweth nothing yet as he ought to know 1 Cor. 8.2 3. But since without the knowledge of God and of his most holy will that perfection of our being whereunto God hath created us cannot be attained Joh. 17.3 therefore it pleased God to restore our first faln parents in some measure to the knowledge of himself and of his will in the waies of his worship and this he did either immediately by himself or by the mediation of intervening Angels by the voice from heaven convey'd upon the wings of the winde for so we read Gen. 3.8 And they heard the voice of the Lord God Junins in lec walking in the garden in the cool or in the winde of the day winde conveying his voice into their ears and thereby his into their hearts 4. By vertue of this divine Revelation or some others not recorded in holy Writ Adam received from God both the knowledge of that religious service and obedience which God then required from man and therewithall the honour of the Priesthood also being as the first man so the first Priest in the world 5. For the proof of the first those Lawes of divine worship which were given by God to Adam and from Adam transferred to his Sons and posterity though they be not clearly expressed in holy Scripture because as the worship of God grew up with time to more perfection so the less perfect was the less regarded yet in many places of holy Scripture these Lawes are though but obscurely intimated and by the Jewes with one common consent they are reduc't to six heads The first against false worship The second of the worship of the true God The third of the appointing of Magistrates and administration of Justice The fourth against the discovery of nakedness and setting bounds to the lusts of the flesh The fift against homicide and shedding of bloud The sixt against theft and of doing to others as we would be done unto our selves And to these commands doth that
edict of the Apostolical councel of Hierusalem relate Act. 15.29 which being directed to such of the Gentiles as were converted to the faith of Christ puts them in minde of those precepts which were given to the first parents of mankinde 6. For the second the Priesthood of Adam this is observed from Gen. 4.3 4. Cain and Abel brought their offerings to the Lord. Mount Acts Mon. c. 1. sect 16. They brought their offerings this was no wil-worship no act of divine service derived out of their own brains or by immediate revelation enjoyned but by direction and command from Adam who doubtlesse was so instructed by God himself receiving by immediate revelation what his sons and posterity received mediately and ministerially from him And they brought their offerings to the Lord i.e. to be offered to the Lord by their father Adam Beat. Pol. Jud. c. 2. who was as well their Priest as their Parent both their bodily and ghostly father which is manifest from the examples of Noah who offered sacrifices Gen. 8.20 not his sons and of Abraham the like Gen. 17.23 and of Job also who sacrificed for his sons Job 1.5 7. From Adam the several Patriarchs in their respective families derived their right to the sacred function of Priesthood which for many ages was enstated in the first born and heads of families untill God was pleas'd to accept of the tribe of Levi for all the first born of Israel Numb 3.41 8. Thus then in the first age of the world the knowledge of God in the waies of his worship together with the office of Priesthood was transmitted from Adam to his sons and so from Patriarch to Patriarch in all generations The several bodies of respective families being not by immediate revelation but by the indoctrination and instruction of the heads of families taught the waies of Gods service and their own salvation nor do we read of any divine truths immediately revealed or any divine lawes by immediate revelation prescribed from Adam to Noah which was the space of 1500 years The Prophesie of Enoch remembred of S. Jude being not of the nature of any new truths revealed but a denuntiation of judgement to be inflicted In all this long tract of time the world being drown'd in sinfulness and iniquity it was revealed to Noah that the earth should be drown'd by a floud also and the sinfull pollutions thereof washed away by an universal deluge of waters Gen. 6.12 13. And God locked upon the earth and behold it was corrupt for all flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth And God said unto Noah the end of all flesh is come before me for the earth is filled with violence through them and behold I will destroy them with the earth 10. 'T was not all the people 't was not any we read of but Noah only had this truth immediately revealed unto him Josephus indeed tels us that the sons of Seth received by tradition from Adam not by immediate revelation that the world should be twice destroyed once by water and once by fire and therefore they erected two pillars the one of wood and the other of stone Jos Antiq. Jud. l. 1. c. 3. wherein they engraved the principles of those humane arts and sciences invented by them that the one might stand against the violence of the water and the other against the violence of the fire And of this nature it's most probable was the prophesie of Enoch Jude vers 14 15. And Enoch also the seventh from Adam prophesied of these saying Behold the Lord cometh 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with his holy Myriads not so properly rendred 10000 Saints to execute judgement c. 11. But the time when the first of these universal destructions should happen Noah only had the honour to receive immediately from God And for this end 't was revealed to him that by his mediation and ministery the people might have the knowledge of it and be stir'd up by his preaching not by immediate revelation to repentance and amendment of life who is therefore call'd a preacher of righteousnesse 2 Pet. 2.5 And thus say the Hebrew Doctors Pirke R. â—liezer c. 22. he preached saying Turn you from your waies and from your evill works that the waters of the floud come not upon you and cut off the whole seed of the sons of Adam 12. Unto Noah after the floud was dryed up the foresaid Lawes of holy living given unto Adam were now renewed adding thereunto a prohibition against eating of bloud to deterre them from the sin of murther before prohibited Gen. 9.4 But flesh with the life thereof i.e. the bloud thereof shalt thou not eat And this with the six former commands are commonly cal'd and known by the name of the seven precepts of Noah 13. From Noah the Priesthood descended upon his son Shem who was the first of all men that had God as 't were entayled upon himself in a more special reserved sort of peculiar personal appropriation For until the daies of Abraham the great Lord of the world and of all things therein was peculiarly styled the Lord God of Shem Gen. 9.26 14. Abraham the seventh from Noah was the next person we read of that was honoured with immediate revelation Antiq. Jud. l. 1. c. 8. who first by the way of Philosophy saith Josephus attain'd the knowledge of Divinity by observing the motions of the heavens the cause nature order of creatures he aspir'd to the knowledge of the Creator but not so perfectly as afterwards he received it by revelation Clem. Recogn lib. 1. And thus the Author of the Recognitions records the words of St. Peter speaking of Abraham whilest he seriously pondered in his minde the causes of things Christ the true Prophet who only knowes the desires and purposes of all hearts appear'd unto him opening unto him the things he desired teaching him the knowledge of the Divinity the beginning and end of the world the immortality of the soul the resurrection of the dead and the last judgement with the rewards of the just and the punishment of the wicked and withall prescrib'd him such rules of holy living whereby he might please God The authority of this revelation I shall not put to question but thus much out of holy Writ we are assur'd that God immediately revealed himself to Abraham calling and commanding him out of the land of Chaldea into the land of Canaan promising to him and his posterity this land as a type of Paradise or celestial Canaan entayling upon him and his posterity the priviledges and peculiar interests of Gods people 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Chrysost God making himself who is common to all to be Abrahams and his feed by peculiar interest and appropriation I will be thy God Gen. 17.7 and the God of thy seed after thee and withall revealing unto him that out of his loyns should come the promised Messias the desire of all nations and blessed
order and right application to the clearing of any truth they would seem to affirm that as they themselves know not well what they say nor whereof they affirm so is it very unlikely that any man else should rightly understand their meanings 3. The Prophets of the Lord had never any motions from the good Spirit but what tended unto good and not to the least harm either of themselves or others But such as were entranced by the evill spirit had motions to do harm and mischief both to themselves and to others also As Saul would have killed David in his Prophet-like trances 1 Sam. 18.11 And Prisca and Maximilla two heretical Prophetesses and great pretenders to immediate revelation hanged themselves in one of their counterfeit Rovelation Extasies which will further appear in the 16. chapter of this Discourse 4. All that was delivered unto or uttered by the true Prophets of God in any of their Extasies were for the good and edification of the Church and people of God But all the revelations of false Prophets are at the best unprofitable useless and vain if not destructive to the Truth The lies errors and deceits the blasphemies and devilish doctrines which these counterfet extasies and revelations have brought forth are both manifold and notoriously manifest also But that ever any saving truth either not known before or nor understood hath in these last daies been by immediate revelation discovered cannot I believe by the greatest Enthusiast of the Age be made to appear Chrys in Mat. c. 7. Hom. 19. S. Chrysost gives us two rules whereby to know true Miracles and consequently true Revelations also from such as are false and counterfeit 1. If necessary as to the time and occasion of them 2. If usefull and profitable as to the issue and fruits thereof but if neither of these concur in a Miracle or Revelation they are false and illusive and to be ascribed rather to the cunning of Satan then to the power of God 5. The Visions and Prophesyings of the Lords Prophets were at all times and altogether true having not the least mixture of error or falshood therein But those of the false Prophets are sometimes true and sometimes false and sometimes neither true nor false but of such a dubious nature as to be seemingly true not only in several but even in contrary senses Et est evidentis judicii c. 'T is evident enough that those things are not from the true God wherein there is the least mixture of falshood or of a lye in any particular Et in his qui mentiuntur Iren. proem advers Haer. saith Irenaeus Even in lying vanities and doctrines of Devils there is ever some truths enter mixed that under the covert thereof the falshood and deceit may unperceivably pass and be entertain'd Thus though the Diabolical spirit appear in the likeness of holy Samuel and the Extasies and entrancings of false Prophets be like unto those of the Lords Prophets yet 1. By their wilde exotique gestures and vexatious agitations 2. By their loss of the use of their reason and understanding for the time 3. By their harmful motions and mischievous incitements 4. By the uselesnesse and unprofitableness of their revelations And 5. though they may speak much truth yet by the least intermixture of falshood and of a lie therewith they may easily be distinguisht the one from the other But to leave these extraordinary means of divine Revelation so long ceased in the Church of God and not of late pretended unto but by Impostors and seduced persons which will appear yet further by considering in the next place the ordinary means of divine Revelation before Christ and their Schools of the Prophets CHAP. IV. Of the ordinary waies of Divine Revelation before Christ 1. THE ordinary means whereby God revealed and made known his will unto his people were in the firster ages the Tradition or delivery of divine Truths from Patriarch to Patriarch together with the Catechetical instructions of the first born and heads of families in whom the several offices of King Priest and Prophet were pro tempore enstated These divine truths were not at the first committed to writing because the years of the first Patriarchs were so many that their memories might well serve them in stead of books Hook eccl pol. l. 1. ser 13. the imperfections and defects whereof God mercifully relieved by often putting them in minde of what was most necessary to be remembred by them In which respect it is easie to observe how many times one thing hath been iterated even to sundry of the best and wisest amongst them And thus it continued in the Church of God which was governed and instructed by a traditionary and unwritten Law from Adam to Moses 2. When the lives of men upon earth were shortned The written Law of God as a surer and more durable means of divine Revelation was commanded to be the Rule of their actions But yet not so as that 't was permitted to each man to give his own sense and make his own interpretation of this divine Law at will and pleasure but 't was to be expounded to them by the consecrated Priests and lawfully called Prophets of God in all ages Neh. 8.4 5 c. Mal. 1.7 Luk. 4.17 Act. 8.30.37 3. And this way of revealing the will of God in the exposition of his holy Lawes did differ much in the time of the first and of the second Temple For under the second Temple Prophesie by extraordinary Revelation generally ceased and hereupon came in a multitude of other Expositors Scribes and Pharisees Wisemen and Disputers 1 Cor. 1.20 to all whom the people were commanded to give ear and to seek the Law at their mouth Mat. 23.2 3. The Scribes and Pharisees saith our Lord sit in Moses chair whatsoever they say unto you observe and do it 4. God ordinarily revealed himself as by his Word and the interpretations thereof so by his Works in several instances of his providence and acts of his service commanded E.G. The delivery of his people out of Aegypt was a revelation of Christs flight and return thence and of our deliverance by him from the bondage of spiritual Pharaoh the Prince of darknesse and from that worse then Egyptian darkness of sin Mat. 1.15 and ignorance here and blackness of darkness for ever hereafter Gods command to Abraham to offer up his only Son Isaac Gen. 22. was a Revelation of his gracious purpose to offer his only son a sacrifice for the sins of the world in whom all the nations of the earth are blessed The erection of the brazen Serpent in the wilderness Joh 3.19 was a Revelation of the son of mans elevation on the Crosse The Passeover or eating of the Paschal Lamb a Revelation of Christ our Passeover 1 Cor. 9.7 that Lamb of God who taketh away the sins of the word The very place where Adam was created being the same where
people must we not see with our own eyes but only with those of the Church Shall we pin our faith upon any mens sleeves What need we the authority of men when we have Gods own authority for our direction and men are but men i. e. frail and liable to error so that all they affirm is not to be taken for Gospel In answer whereunto consider Answ 1. That there is a great deal of difference betwixt an implicite faith and blinde obedience to the dictates of the Church and a submission to the publique judgement thereof The first deprives the people of their reason and judgement the second renders them more meek humble submissive and obedient and thereby more capable to receive the impression of the knowledge of celestial mysteries 2. That we assert not the ancient and learned Fathers of the Church ut dominos sed ut duces sidei Nihil carum rerum scire quae antè nascereris facta sunt hoc est semper esse puerum Cic. Not as Lords over our faith but as guides in the true belief And he that knows nothing of the Religion of the Fathers for his guidance and direction is most likely still to continue a childe in his religion Nor 3. are we to receive for Oracle all that the ancient reverend Fathers of the Church did affirm being very few amongst them Quicquid omnes vel plures uno eodemque sensu manifeste frequenter perseveranter velut quodam sibi consentiente concilio accipiendo tenendo tradendo firmaverint id pro indubitato certo ratcque habeatur Quicquid vero quamvis ille doctus sanâ—tus quamvis Episcopus praeter omnes aut etiam contra omnes senserit id inter proprias privatas opiniunculas à communis publicae generalis sententiae authoritate secretum sit Vinc. Lyr. but had their particular errors and mistakes and in many particulars also 't is confessed they did contradict each other 'T is not therefore the affirmations and private opinions of particular persons we must look upon as the Doctrine of true Religion and true meaning of the Scriptures but the general and universal consent of all for that all should erre and fall from the truth is contrary to what our Lord hath promised who will undoubtedly be as good as his word Mat. 16.18 Vpon this rock I will build my Church and the gates of Hell shall never prevail against it and Mat. 28.20 I am with you alway even to the end of the world In a word in the interpretation of Scriptures and for the confirmation of holy truths thence deduced the authority of the ancient Fathers and Doctors of the Church is to be consulted and known for these reasons 1. Because they are certain and undeniable witnesses of what the Church and the people of Christ did in their respective times believe and hold for orthodox Doctrine If the same doctrine St. Augustine taught in Africk was also taught by St. Chrysostome in Greece by St. Ambrose in Italy by St. Hierome in Palestine and so in other places by holy and reverend Bishops and Pastors of the Church then this undoubtedly was the doctrine of the Church and thus were the holy Scriptures understood in those ages of the Church Ita intellexit Ambrosius ita Cyprianus c. Thus Ambrose thus Cyprian understood such or such a place of Scripture this had some weight in St. August time and St. Aug. opinion and there is no reason but that it should be of the same force still amongst us 'T is no way probable but that persons so eminent in learning and in piety so frequent in holy prayers and meditations in fastings and wailings so indefatigable in their studies and labours in the Word and Doctrine and who laid down their lives and fortunes for the doctrine they preached should more truly understand the Scriptures and the truth of Christian Religion then we who if there be any thing of Modesty and Humility in our hearts must confesse our selves far inferiour to them in the said gifts and graces of the holy Spirit Aug. Vsque adeo promiscuit imis summa longus dies c. Hath time so confounded all things is light so changed into darkness and darkness become light ut videant Pelagius c. that Haeretiques now are the only seers Et caeci sunt Hilarius Cyprianus Ambrosius And the learned pious Fathers of the Church become blinde The words are too much appliable to the Heretiques of the times 3. The judgement of the Fathers being so far remote from these times wherein we live must needs be impartial as to the controversies amongst us touching the interpretation of any texts of Scripture or doctrines therein delivered as being altogether disinterested and knowing nothing of our disputes and contestations thereabouts Aug. contra Julian Pelag Nullas nobiscum vel vobiscum amicitias attenderunt c. They were neither in friendship nor in community with us or with them who in this age are of a contrary opinion to us they were neither angry with us nor them neither did they pity either of us but what they found professed in the Church they faith fully preserved what they learned they taught and what they received from their fathers they delivered unto us their children and undoubtedly Survey of the pretended discipline as a learned man of our Church observes they that contemn the learned Fathers that went before them do but open a gap to their own discredit making way thereby to be contemned themselves by all those that shall come after 4. We cannot but reasonably imagine that those holy and learned persons who lived nearer the Apostles times should proportionably know better the Apostles meaning in their writings and the doctrine they preached then any of us who live so many hundred years since Iren. l. 3. ch 4. Therefore saith Irenaeus who was the Disciple of Polycarpus the Disciple of St. John Where any question ariseth and the holy Scripture as 't is too common is so perverted Vinc. Ler. as to be made speak for both sides whither shall we have recourse for satisfaction but to the ancient Churches of Christ in which the Apostles converst from thence to hear what the truth is viz. Quid Apostoli quid primi fideles quid eorum successores c. what the Apostles what their Disciples and successors what the primitive Saints and Martyrs Councels and Fathers have received taught and delivered unto others For what came the word of God our from you or came it unto you only 1 Cor. 14.36 Since the Word of God comes not first to us but by and from the Church it is delivered it followes that the sense and meaning of Gods word must not spring from our own heads but to be by and from the Church delivered together with the word The learned Doctor Whittaker in his disputes against the authority of the Church Whit. de sac Q. 3. con 1. c.
fountain of purity deny his blessings upon our labours and turn our preaching into foolishness And herein the Enthusiasts of the age have found so great a flaw in the Ministery as that they absolutely decry the calling or if not so yet the best terms they can afford the most upright and conscientious amongst us is false Prophets and deceivers of the people But yet that the error of this opinion and sinfulness of the railing accusations though against some persons they have too much of truth may appear 't is necessary to take notice of these following considerations 1. That 't is the sins of the people that provokes God to give them ignorant and sinful shepheards And there shall be like people like Priests saith the Lord and I will punish them for their waies and reward them their doings Hos 4.9 and again The daies of visitation are come the daies of recompence are come Israel shal know it The Prophet is a fool the spiritual man is mad and what 's the reason for the multitude of thine iniquity and the great hatred Hos 9.7 Non est a plâ—be aut vulgaribus hominibus arguendus aut accuâ—andus episcopus lices sit inordinatus quia pro meritis subditâ—rum disponitur a Deo vita dectorum Evar. ep fratribus Aegypt And therefore saith Evaristus A Bishop and Pastor of souls is not to be reviled by the people though be disorderly because God disposeth of the lives of the Teachers according to the deserts and qualities of the hearers And so of Princes as well as of Priests wicked Princes God gives in his wrath Hos 13.11 viz. when he is angry with a people for their sins And even the errors of the best kings are ascribed to the sins of their subjects As Davids sin in numbring the people was caused by the anger of the Lord against Israel 2 Sam. 24.1 For the Kings heart is in the hand of the Lord and he turneth it whither soever he will Prov. 21.1 either for a blessing or curse upon their subjects Sic pro meritis plebis saepe pastores depravantur ecclesiae Anacleti epist tertia ut procliviùs corruant qui sequuntur 'T is even so with the Pastors of the Church who are deprav'd and diorderly in their lives because the people by their sins have deserv'd to have such leaders whose directions shall sooner tend to the ruine then to the health of their souls 2. 'T is the duty of all Christian people rather to cover and veil then to disclose and publish the enormities of their Pastors For they are their spiritual Fathers 1 Cor. 4.15 And the nakedness of Fathers must not be discovered by the children that the curse of Cham fall not upon them Gen. 9.22.25 If the Pastors neglect their duty towards God the people must not therefore neglect their duty to their Pastors but wisely distinguish betwixt their example and doctrine obeying the truths they deliver but avoiding the sinfull practises they follow which is positively commanded by our Lord Mat. 23.2 3. The Scribes and Pharises sit in Moses chair All therefore whatsoever they bid observe that observe and do but do not ye after their works for they say and do not Etiam si quisquam traditor subrepsisset c. saith Aug. Though some traytor or wicked person creep into the chair of Moses Aug. Epis 165. it should nothing hurt the Church or innocent Christians for whom Christ hath provided saying of evil prelats what they say do ye 3. The knowledge of the Truth may be obtained in the use of outward means and the ministerial office thereupon conferred upon such persons as want the internal qualification of true piety which is clear from the examples of Balaam who loved the wages of righteousness and yet had the gift of prophesie of Judas who was sent out by the Lord himself to preach the Gospel and yet had a Devil and Nicholas chosen by the Apostles one of the Deacons and yet was the father of the Nicholaitan Haeresie so much detested by God Rev. 2.6 Shall we therefore accuse and rail upon the Prophets of the Lord for the sin of Balaam or disparage the Apostles of Christ for the sin of Judas or impute to the rest of the holy Deacons the error of Nicholas or shall we not hear and obey the truth because it comes from the mouthes of some wicked as well as good Ministers It is rather our duty to admire the wisdome and magnifie the goodness of God who to give the greater testimony to the Truth and to make it more illustrious and evident is pleased to deliver it unto us by his Ministers of both sorts good and bad both by the holy and by the profane And 't is the Spirit of God undoubtedly that works in and by all persons that deliver the truth though not in all alike but in men of divers qualifications after a different manner in good men as ingredient and insident in bad men as urgent and impellent by good men more frequently and effectually he works the conversion of his people and by bad men sometimes also though more rarely that the working of his grace may appear in all and the glory thereof may to him as the supreme cause and not to his instruments be ascribed 4. That the gifts of Gods holy Spirit are not limited to those that receive his graces is further clear Mat. 7.22 23. Many will say to me in that day Lord Lord have not we prophesied in thy name Here were great gifts bestowed and that upon wicked and unsanctified persons for it followes immediately Then will I professe unto them I never knew you depart from me ye workers of iniquity so also 1 Cor. 13.2 Though I have the gift of prophesie and understand all mysteries and though I have all faith so as to remove mountains viz. of seeming impossibilities and have not charity I am nothing From whence two things are plainly and clearly observable 1. That the understanding of holy Scriptures and of the mysteries of godliness or prophetical and ministerial gifts may be obtained in the use of outward means without the internal sanctification of soul which consists in charity or love which is the fulfilling of the Law 2. But then secondly The gift of prophesie with all the wisdome and knowledge of holy things though they may be and often are useful for the edification of others yet are they altogether fruitless and ineffectual to the person that hath them if not animated by the grace of charity or obedience to the Lawes of God for so they are not much unlike a candle in a dark lanthorn which casteth its light abroad upon others leaving the person that holds it in darknesse CHAP. XV. The dangerous and destructive consequences of and depending upon immediate Revelation HEe that pretends unto or depends upon any further Revelations from heaven then God in his great mercy hath already afforded unto his Church and people viz.
1. His written Word 2. Those several means and helps forementioned both divine and humane outward and inward for the right understanding of his Word by the blessing of God and the secret influence of his holy Spirit upon our studies and meditations therein laies himself open to manifold temptations and dangerous seductions of the spirit of error and delusion and as much as in him lies subverts the very foundation of the holy Christian Faith for hereupon these destructive inconveniencies must needs ensue 1. The canon of holy Scripture is transgrest and dissolv'd by the superaddition of new Revelations and the authority of Gods Word is made null and void that must passe for a dead letter when the fictitious dreams and delusions of every idle enthusiastical brain under the mask of Revelations shall be mistaken and miscalled too The quickning Spirit And he that sets up any thing of Religion to the dishonour of holy Scriptures Optaâ— l. 3. 1. saith the Father he doth adificium de ruina construere erect a building upon the ruines of Gods truth and such a building can be no better but an heap of errors and deceits For what will not he dare to affirm and hold who holds any thing besides or above or but equal to the Word of God for the Rule of Faith Hereupon the Resurrection hath been denied and the last judgement and the necessity of all holy just and good works the necessary consequences of these points of our faith for he that believes not the Resurrection and last judgement Quid boni aut veri what holy Truth will he care to believe or what good action will he make conscience to practise 2. He opposes himself to the doctrine of the universal Church of Christ for 1600 years together who with one unanimous and common consent have received the holy Scriptures as the very canon of Faith without addition or diminution without ever hoping or waiting for any new Revelations to be superadded thereunto and very good reason sure if that dismal curse wherewith the canon of holy Scripture is concluded have any influence upon the mindes of men Rev. 22.18.19 If any man adde unto these things God shall adde unto him the plagues that are written in this book c. 3. And more particularly he makes void all those commandements of God to search the Scriptures to hear read meditate and study and delight our selves in the Lawes of God For all immediate Revelation of Gods will presupposes the knowledge of the truth without any search study c. The contempt or neglect of which duty hath sad and heavie judgements threatned thereunto as Jer. 9.13 c. And the Lord saith Because they have forsaken my Law which I set before them And have walked after the imagination of their own heart I will seed them with wormwood and give them water of gall to drink I will scatter them among the heathen c. with manifold texts to the same purpose both in the old and new Testament as Prov. 13.13 28.9 Psal 81.11 12. Zach. 7.12.13 Joh. 5.45 46. 12.48 4. He makes void and unnecessary the sacred function of the Priesthood or Ministery which God hath in all ages ordained and setled in his Church as to mediate with God for the people so to instruct the people from God And this sacred office God hath both confirmed by miracles and by testimony of his blessings ordinary and extraordinary and guarded the same by many direful threatnings denounced and many heavie judgements inflicted upon such as have or shal sacrilegiously violate infringe or usurp this office or neglect refuse or contemn to hear the word of God in the mouthes of his Prophets and faithful Ministers See amongst many other places Jer. 5.12 c. Because the people belied the Lord and said It is not he when he spake by his Prophet And because they said moreover The Prophets shall become â—inde and the word is not in them Therefore thus saith the Lord Because ye speak this word I will make my words in thy mouth fire and this people wood and it shall devour them And to the same purpose Jer. 6.10 11 12. Mat. 10.14 15. Luk. 10.11 12. 5. All pretence to immediate Revelation lords it over the faith of our Christian brethren For an immediate Revelation commands an immediate belief and blinde obedience without any further fearch or trial at all contrary to those expresse commands 1 Joh. 4.1 Beleeve not every spirit but try the spirits 1 Thess 5.21 Prove all things hold fast that which is good or agreeable to the word of God but reject that which is not so and hold for accursed the publishers and promoters thereof Gal. 1.8 Though we or an Angel from heaven should preach unto you another Gospel besides what ye have received let him be accursed 6. The faith of the Enthusiast if it may be called a faith and not rather an illusion of his fancy is not built upon the same grounds with the faith of Christs Church which is the pillar and ground of truth the Church is built upon the foundation of the Prophets and Apostles Jesus Christ himself being the head corner stone Eph. 2.20 i. e. what the Prophets of the Old Testament and the Apostles of the New have revealed to be the doctrine of salvation in Christ is the foundation which the faith of all true Christians is built upon But the Enthusiasts faith is not built upon old but upon new Revelations not upon what is revealed already through the mediation of the Prophets and Apostles and communicated by their successors but upon what shall be immediately revealed from heaven and this groundless ground of faith is opposed to that which is the true ground of faith indeed and made of equal authority therewith so that upon this ground every private mans sayings and affirmations are of as great authority and as much to be regarded as the divinely inspired sayings of the Prophets and Apostles and this must needs be so were there any truth in mens pâ—etended Revelations for undoubtedly we owe as much faith reverence and obedience to every Revelation from heaven how mean soever the person be that receives it as we do to any part of Gods Word already revealed though by the greatest Patriarch or Prophet that ever lived upon earth 7. All dependence upon new Revelations laies a secret stain of dishonour upon God and this in two respects 1. That God notwithstanding his several methods of divine Revelation by the Patriarchs and Prophets of old by his own Son Jesus Christ and his Apostles in these last daies should yet be defective in making known to his people the waies of his service and of their own salvation 2. All pretence to new lights and Revelations makes God the Father of Lights with whom is no variablenesse or shadow of change to vary and change his minde as oft as the fickle and deceitful mindes of men do alter Nay thus God
should serve the turn 3. The sacrifices under the Law were weak and insufficient as to the taking away of sins but the offering up of the body of Jesus Christ once for all is a sufficient sacrifice for our sins and not for ours only but for the sins of the whole world 1 Joh. 2.2 and that 's the scope of vers 12. I will be merciful to their unrighteousnesse and their sins and iniquities I will remember no more Cognitio viae cognitio patriae Lyr. in Loc. And for the further clearing of these words They shall not teach c. There is a twofold knowledge of God 1. In this life 2. In the life to come And to both of these the words in their literal sense do relate 1. That in this life the knowledge of God under the Gospel was not at the first taught by man but by the blessed Son of God himself by him the Apostles were instructed at the first and not one of another And to him this prophesie is by himself applied they shall be all taught of God Joh. 6.45 2. That in the life to come all the blessed Saints of God from the least to the greatest shall truly know God without the mediation of humane Teaching For then shall we see God as he is when that which is perfect is come then that which is imperfect shall be done away 1 Cor. 1.3.9 10. But that in this life the people shall have no need of Pastors to teach them the knowledge of God is a false collection from the words For as under the Law Moses taught Gods will unto the people and afterwards they that sate in Moses chair so under the Gospel 1. Christ himself revealed and taught Gods will to his Church and afterwards his Apostles and their successors in all ages since this being one of the promises and priviledges of the Gospel thine eyes shall see thy teachers Isa 30.20 And of the gifts of the Spirit He gave some Apostles some Prophets some Evangelists some Pastors and Teachers for the perfecting of the Saints c. Eph. 4.11 12. For as the same Apostle demands How shall they i.e. any people believe in him of whom they have not heard And how shall they hear without a preacher Rom. 10.14 where preaching and hearing are affirmed to be the necessary mediums of receiving the Gospel and believing in Christ Another place to the same purpose is alledged 1 Joh. 2. â—0 1 Joh. 2.20 Ye have an unction from the holy one and ye know all things And vers 27. The anointing which ye have received from him abideth in you and ye need not that any man teach you but as the same anointing teacheth you of all things and is truth and is no lie and even as he hath taught you remain in him still This Vnction from the holy one teaching and whereby these Disciples were taught all necessary Truths is the holy Spirit sent down from Christ the holy one upon his Apostles who being replenisht with his coelestial gifts were not only themselves led into all Truth but did also teach their disciples the same And the same anointing abideth in you i.e. The same spiritual gifts viz. of prophesie of miracles of tongues c. did still as yet abide in their Churches for the confirmation of those Truths which they had been taught and hereby even by those sacred persons which had these gifts they were held up to the Truth and kept free from the seducements of Heretiques And ye need not that any man teach you So far as they were already taught and knew all things already that were necessary to be known they had no need of any man to teach them namely as ignorant and seduced persons have need of Teachers the ignorant must be taught that they may learn what they knew not before and the seduced and erroneous must be taught that they may return to that faith from which they are faln but these faithful persons to whom the Apostle here writes were it seems neither ignorant nor yet seduced and in neither of these respects had need of teaching But yet in other Respects both these disciples and all others that do both know and persevere also in the Truth have need of Teachers still by whose assistance and direction they may 1. Be confirmed and strengthned to persist in the Truth already received 2. Grow up and increase daily in the knowledge of God and of his Son Jesus Christ 3. Be armed against the fair words and cunning speeches of such as lie in wait to deceive The like place 1 Thess 4.9 1 Thess 4.9 which may help also to the further clearing of this is 1 Thess 4.9 Touching brotherly love ye have no need that I write unto you for ye your selves are taught of God to love one another Taught of God but how not by immediate Revelation but by the Gospel of Christ the Son of God who doth so often ineulcate this lesson of brotherly love Joh. 13.34 35. 15.17 And the like is to be said of all other Gospel Truths all of them we are taught of God From him they descend originally he is the fountain of Truth and Christs is the Conduit through whom the waters of life do flow from God to Christ from Christ to his Apostles from them to their Successors and Disciples Pastors and people in all ages But withal 't is confessed and with all thankfulness of soul to be acknowledged That there is an inward teaching of God as well as an outward viz. the dictate of the Spirit within as well as the doctrine of the Word without These two God hath joyned together and we must not presume to part them by depending upon the one without the other for as all study and meditation reading and hearing the Word are ineffectual if the inward influence of Gods Spirit does not open the wndowes of the soul to receive the light displayed thence so the inward influence and working of Gods Spirit is ordinarily and for the most part silent and stirreth not but by reading hearing meditating of the word and of good instructions thence derived the one being as the body and the other the soul of Religion and when these two meet together viz. the unction without and the anointing within or when the spiritual gifts of the Ministery and graces of the people concur or when then the outward effusions of the Spirit in the word fall upon hearts infused and seasoned with Grace and Obedience then are these several promises accomplished then are a people truly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The taught of God indeed or which is all one then are they the true Disciples of Christ The next memorable place misapplyed to patronize extraordinary and immediate Revelations is that prophesie of Joel 2.28 remembred to be accomplisht Joel 2.28 Act. 2.16 c. Act. 2.16 c. It shall come to passe in the last daies saith God I will powre out of my
Spirit upon all flesh And your sons and your daughters shall prophesie c. This text must be understood with several limitations otherwise many dangerous and false consequences will ensue and such as are contrary to what in other places of Scripture is affirmed I will pour out of my Spirit not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not my Spirit himself for no flesh not all flesh can contain the Spirit of God Ad dive sa dona respicit non ad minutionem substantiae Gloss ordin in Loc. who filleth all the world and containeth all things Wisd 1. But of my Spirit i. e. of his gifts and graces even as beams from the light as heat from the fire or aâ— streams from this fountain of Truth 2. I will pour out Denoting indeed the liberal donation of spiritual gifts under the Gospel but yet with restriction to certain times and certain persons for not at all times neither upon all persons is the Spirit of God plentifully poured out when the holy Ghost visibly and miraculously descended upon the Apostles there was a plentiful pouring out so that they were filled with the Spirit vers 4. The gift of Tongues the gift of Prophesie to understand and open all mysteries the gift of healing all diseases the gift of miracles c. these and many other gifts were at this time after such a plentiful manner poured forth that there were some reliques some drops of this full measure remaining in the Church for 400 years after Thus it was then and 't was then necessary because the first publication and planting of the Gospel required extraordinary and more ample gifts and abilities for the effecting thereof But we must not look to see those daies of such extraordinary effusions to return again which is intimated in that they are called the last daies in the text as being the last time we must expect any such miraculous and immediate effusions or Revelations till the last day of all even that great and notable day of the Lord come vers 20. Although therefore this prophesie may in some general respects be extended to all the people of God yet particularly and after an especiall manner 't was fulfilled in the persons of the Apostles themselves and by S. Peter 't is here applyed unto them vers 15 16. And undoubtedly 't is high presumption in any man or sect of men to apply to themselves what was peculiar and proper to the divinely inspired Apostles and their hopes must needs be vain who wait for extraordinary inspirations upon misapplied promises and prophesies long since accomplisht Vpon all flesh Which 1. is not to be understood of all men promiscuously but of all such men of all nations and conditions as give up their names to become my sons and daughters to be called by and to call upon the name of the Lord to the hope of salvation for so the prophesie concludes Whoseever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be saved and so S. Peter concludes his Sermon upon this prophesie Repent and be baptized vers 38. Not all flesh but such only as are capable of the effusions of the Spirit and this limitation cuts off all Turks Jews Infidels Heretiques and Hypecrites for no such flesh have the Spirit of truth and holiness powred on them but are led by the spirit of error and wickednesse 2. All flesh cannot be meant of all Gods people neither as to the gift of prophesie and full understanding of the mysteries of godliness For so all good Christians men and women whether be they young or old children or servants must turn Prophets And all flesh as the reverend Andrewes must be cut out into Tongues which is a monstrous thing to imagine For if all the body of Christ were a Tongue where were the ears c. If all were Preachers where were the Hearers Such were not an orderly Church but a Babylon of confusion where the one heard not another therefore though it be said all flesh 't is not said all your sons and daughters shall prophesie but some shall do it for all some sons and some servants too i. e. some Jewes and some Gentiles some of all nations God gave some Apostles some Prophets c. And these must be of the male not of the female sex they are prohibited 1 Cor. 14.34 Let your women keep silence in the Churches If you demand how is the Spirit then upon all flesh 'T is upon all holy and good Christians but not upon all to prophesie all Gods people have in some measure the Spirit of grace and truth but that does not authorise them presently to turn speakers and teachers of others But doth not the Apostle say ye may all prophesie one by one 1 Cor. 14.31 1 Cor. 14.31 Ye all that is as many as be prophets but to think that all are so the Apostle holds it very absurd demanding with indignation Are all Apostles are all Prophets 1 Cor. 12.29 not so surely the gift must first be had and then letters of Administration taken before the operation or work of Prophesie be lawfully performed 'T is further alledg'd to the same purpose 1 Cor. 12.7 To every man is given the manifestation of the Spirit to profit withall 1 Cor. 12.7 whence 't is infer'd that both liberty of prophesying for the profit of our brethren and immediate Revelations or manifestations of the Spirit to that end are given to every man Answ By every man is not meant every particular person but every man that hath those gifts mentioned in the next words viz. The gifts of wisdome knowledge faith tongues c. hath them for this end given that he may profit and edifie the Church and people of God thereby And they are called The manifestations of the Spirit 1. Because they flow from the Spirit either extraordinarily or immediately as in the firster and primitive times of the Church or ordinarily and in the use of means in all ages since 2. Because by the help of these gifts we are enabled to manifest and clear the truth and true meaning of the Spirit in the word Joh. 1.9 That was the true light which lighteth every man that cometh into the world Joh. 1.9 From whence 't is urged That every man hath a light within him displayed from Christ the true light of the world whereunto if he give heed he shall not need any outward illuminations or instructions from men for this is the work of Christ himself and himself hath sufficiently done it Answ 'T is with all reverence and thankfulness acknowledged that Christ is the fountain of every perfect illumination Non quianullus est hominum qui non illuminatur sed quia nisi ab ipso nullus illuminatur Aug. Siâ—ut nemo à seipso esse sic nemo à seipso sapiens esse potest Beda whether natural spiritual or eternal But yet the words are not so to be understood as if every man
〈◊〉 contention is one thing and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be contentious is another To contend for the Truth is the duty of all good Christians but to contentious about harmless ceremonies and things indifferent is not the custome of Gods Church and people If any man list to be contentious we have no such custome nor the Church of God 1 Cor. 11.16 From the cohaerence of which Text the danger of contentiousness is also observable For 1. all the contention was about ceremonies about wearing long or short hair praying covered or bare vers 13 14 15. vers 4 5 6. And being contentious about these things presently there followed Schisms or divisions amongst them vers 18. and shortly after down-right Heresies vers 19. Thus Pruritus disputandi becomes Scabies Ecclesiae the itch of contention breeds the scab of Schism and Heresie in the Church Hear from a person interested in such contentions the truth hereof confessed Publique wars and private quarrels which do usually pretend to the reformation of the Church Bauter Saints Rest 3. part ch 13. the vindicating of the truth and the welfare of souls do usually prove in the issue the greatest means to overthrow all it is as natural for wars and contentious to produce Errors Schisms contempt of Magistracy Ministry and Ordinances as it is for a dead carrion to breed worms and vermine beleeve it from one who hath too many years experience of it both in armies and Garrisons It is as hard a thing to maintain in a people a sound understanding tender conscience a lively gracious heavenly frame of spirit and upright life in a way of war and contention as to keep a candle lighted in a storm or under the waters 4. When a Schism is once made and the communion of the Church deserted the separatists like travellers out of the beaten road finde no path to walk in and so become circular and endless in their waies or like such folks which continually toss and turn themselves upon their bed seeking that rest and repose which cannot be found till the humours of the body recover their due temper and be confin'd to their proper limits Hence it comes to pass that new doctrines and new opinions in religion are commonly broacht and set a foot by Schismaticks and this in opposition still to those ancient Truths which are the doctrines of the Church from which they have separated themselves Alienati vero à veritate digni in omni volutantur errore fluctuati ab eo aliter atque aliter per tempora de iisdem sentientes nunquam scientiani stabilem habentes Iren. l. 3. c. 4. adv Haer. Nullum Schisma non sibi aliquam fingit Haeresim ut recte ab ecclesia recessisse videatur Hier. ad Tit. c. 3. It being the essential property of a Schismatick like Proteus to change his minde into every opinion represented to his fancy as plausible Hereunto agrees that ancient authentick father of the Church Irenaeus When men are once alienated from the truth they deservedly wallow themselves in the mire of all kinde of errors being tossed to and fro thereby Sometime of one opinion and sometime of another even in the same things having no certain sixt and setled knowledge at all And the reason hereof why Schismatiques must need become Heretiques is rendred by S. Hierome No Schism saith he but will beget an Heresie that thereby the Schismatique may the better maintain his unlawful separation from the Church CHAP. V. Of the causes of Heresie and Schism and the manners of Heretiques HE that will convert an Heretique Euâ—n qui Haereticum vult convertere oportet scire regulas sive argumenta eorum Nec n. est possibile alicui curare quosdam malè habentes qui ignorat passionem eorum qui malè valent Iren. part in lib. 4. advers Haer. saith Ireneus he must know as the arguments which they use so the Rules whereby they proceed It being not possible for any to work a cure upon another that is diseased if he know not the causes of his disease and the waies of its progresse in the infection of the humors spirits or more solid parts of the body so that to heal the distempers of Heresie and Schism 't is necessary to search out the causes and take notice of those evil waies and corrupt customes of seduced spirits 1. The first original cause of all Heresies and Schisms is pride and ambition which was the original sin both in men and Devils saith Syracides Ecclus. 10.13 Therefore he admonisheth Extoll not thy self in the counsel of thine own heart that thy soul be not torn in pieces as a wilde bull straying alone chap. 6.2 Thus Simon Magus the first Heretique in the Church of Christ bewitched the people of Samaria giving out that himself was some great one Act. 8.9 Thus Montanus as Eusebius records being inflamed with the greedy desire of primacy and superiority Eccles Hiâ—t lib. 5. cap. 16. yeelded to the Actings of contrary or evil spirits in himself by whom being sodainly extasied and entransed he began to utter strange and new doctrines contrary to such as were generally received in the Church pretending to the gift of prophesie by immediate Revelation Theodor. l. 1. hist eccl c. 24. Thus Arrius and Novatus being defeated of their ambitious desires of being Bishops the one of Alexandria the other of Rome became the heads and pestilent Authors of most pernicious Heresies Siâ—n radix elaâ—ionis abscindiâ—ur rami pravae assertionis arcfiunt Greg. that they might lift up themselves to be the heads and leaders of Heretiques since they could not be so of orthodox Christians S. Augustine affirms of Primianus and Maximinianus who through pride and vain glory lifted up themselves to be the heads of two factions among the Donatists And 't was well for them saith the Father such factions fell out for otherwise Primianus had been Postreminianus and Maximinianus had been Minimianus persons of whom no notice had been taken but now in a Schism either of them is a jolly fellow and notorious in the way of opposing the Church So Jack Straw and Wat Tiler had been buried in oblivion had they not raised a mutiny and made an insurrection And are there not too many amongst us whose mean stamp calling and parts pride and vain-glory hath stir'd up to faction and Schism partly to raise themselves up out of the dust of contempt and oblivion and partly out of covetousness knowing it to be the best fishing in troubled waters What else can it be but pride of heart that either moves some to decry government as scorning to be under any command or that moves others so stifly to contend for a parity in government as scorning any superiors Lib. 6. 'T was noted by every man saith the History of the Church of Scotland That of all men none could lesse endure parity and loved more to command then they
to silence some weak adversary then 't is the wisdome of the spirit in them which the wisdome of the flesh cannot resist Tell them of their folly and madness they say Christs own Apostle was accounted mad if they suffer according to law for their enormities then they say they suffer for righteousness sake nay their sins and delinquencies they would make appear to be pieties so subtil are all Hypocrites in the outward and nominal part of Religion that if it were possible they would deceive the very Elect and many thousands are deceived by their appearances of holiness and strictness of life but 't is such only who are somewhat infected with Hypocrisie as well as themselves therefore they are styl'd Wels without water clouds that are carried with a tempest 2 Pet. 2.17 For as empty clouds are most tossed by the winde so men that are religious only in religious names and religious talk and outward shew of Religion being not ballast with sincere devotion towards God and charity towards man such are they that are most apt to be tossed with every winde of doctrine 8. All errors and seditions in the most holy faith are generally thrown upon the grand impostor and father of lies the Devil who no question hath a great influence therein therefore cal'd The doctrines of devils and he and his Angels seducing spirits 1 Tim. 4.1 and all that are seduced the children of the wicked one Mat. 13.38 but yet withall we must know that if the voluntary sins of pride covetousnesse presumption c. did not first infect the minde his tares of Heresie and Schism could never take rooting there 't is of the corruptions of the mindes and manners of men that all Heresies are engendred and like the creatures of putrefaction to which heat and moisture gives a natural being so the filthy moisture or corruption of mens hearts quickned by the incessant operation of the evil spirit gives unto all Heresies their spiritual being and growth in the minde For wickedness saith the wise man doth alter the understanding and the bewitching of naughtiness doth obscure things that are honest Wisd 4.11 Sin saith Chrys doth so blinde the senses of sinners Chrys in Mat. 7. Hom. 19. that seeing not the waies of falshood and error they headlong themselves therein nor could ever any errors prevail ever man if sin had not made the way for first a man is blinded by his sins and then drawn away by the devil and seduced For error saith he begetteth not sins but sins beget and bring forth error CHAP. VI. The ends why God permits Heresies and Schismes ALmighty God as by his powerful word of nothing he hath made all things so doth he still not only uphold all things by the word of his power but most wisely govern order and dispose of all being the Master-wheel of all motions and the original cause of all actions and events whether they be good or evil of the good by his active and of the evil by his permissive providence as Amos 3.6 Shal there be any evil in the city and the Lord hath not done it Terra salutiferas herbas eademque nocentes Nutrit urticae proxima seaâ—e rosa est And as it is in the greater world all good and useful things have their contrary evils there are fruitful showres and the fatning dew of heaven and there are also harmful storms of hail and corrupt and infectious vapours There are trees of wholsome fruit and herbs for the use and nourishment both of man and beast and there are also both trees and herbs that are unwholsome and poysonous there are living creatures also both tame and wilde both such as are serviceable unto man and such also as are destructive fierce cruel and mischievous so in the lesser world also there is in the field of Gods Church both wheat and tares corn and chaffe both true and false Prophets the one the pillars of sound celestial soul-saying Truth the other the deceitful workers and Patrons of errors heresies and schisms Truth stands ever firm upon its own proper base and being supported by no other but it s own native excellency and vertue ever appears like it self in its own plain simple naked colours But Error being in it self crooked and deformed puts on the shape and ever appears in the likeness of holy truth following her steps to trip up her heels and take possession of her throne The very Philosophy of the Heathens was followed and undermin'd by false Philosophers and amongst the Jewes their circumcision and some other rites and ceremonies were imitated by the Arabians and other nations and yet the one were the worshippers of the true God herein and the others worshipped Idols And in the worship of the true God to that which is sound and sincere is opposed false counterfeit and hypocritical worship to the true and lawful Baptism is opposed unlawful and extraregular dipping to the commandements of God the traditions of men to the Apostles and faithful Ministers of Christ false Apostles and deceitful workers and in a word there is nothing of the most holy fath but by the cunning of the Devil working upon the corruptions of mens hearts something is forged in opposition thereunto 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Athen. lib. de resur No article of the Christian faith escaping the invasion of Heretiques and the corruption thereof by heretical and false positions the which will easily appear to every man that list to consult Philastrius Epiphanius Augustine Joh. Damscene who out of Ecclesiastical records have given the several catalogues of Heresies and Heretiques The Reasons why God is pleased to permit it should be so may be reduc'd to two general heads viz. 1. In respect of the faith it self 2. In respect of the professors thereof 1. In respect of the faith of Christ 1. The excellency thereof doth appear from the manifold assaults and machinations of the devil there against for were not the stedfast profession of the Christian faith and the conscientious practise thereof the way both of Gods acceptable service and of mans salvation the devil would never be so busie to corrupt and adulterate the same whose inveterate enmity both to God and man incites provokes him perpetually to deprave and falsifie the pure worship of the one and hinder the salvation of the other 2. The holy faith of Christ appears more pure sincere and illustrious by the test and opposition of heretical positions we read Numb 16.36 that the Lord commanded Moses to take the censers of those proud rebels which rose up against Moses and Aaron wherein they offered strange fire before the Lord and to make broad plates for a covering of the Altar for they offered them before the Lord therefore are they hallowed sc sanctificata in mortibus peccatorum Through the death of the offenders they were sanctified to be a memorial to the children of Israel to beware of the like schism insurrection
all truth and peace be pleased together with his Truth to restore unity and order in his worship whereof for our manifold sins he hath so long deprived us 5. Heresies and Schisms as they are the cursed parents of sin so of judgements also both temporal and eternal as to temporal judgements S. Stephen tels us out of Amos 5.25 That if we make to our selves tabernacles or figures to worship them our punishment shall be to be carried away beyond Babylon Act. 7.43 Babylon Aug de civit dei l. 18. saith the Father est civitas illa confusionis quae indifferenter habet philosophos inter se diversa adversa sentientes That city of câ—nfusion which consists of persons of diverse and contrary opinions each to other and that 's the portion of those people that either vent or addict themselves to new opinions the fond imaginations of their own hearts they shall dwel in the midst of perpetual strifes and contentions and the Babylonish confusion of diverse and contrary opinions each to other whereas Gods city the Church is a city that is at unity in it self the bâ—essed inhabitants of which city the members of the true Church are all of one heart and of one minde neither is there or ought there to be in this city as in Babel liberty for every sect-master to set up what imaginations he please without controll for when liberty of conscience produces licentiousness of opinion confusion and disorder must needs ensue and if Babylons confusion goes before the captivity of Babylon will not be far behinde for what else can be the end of confusion through diversity of opinion but ruine and desolation The blessed fruits of unity and concord are peace and prosperity Concordia res parvae cresennt and the cursed effects of contentions and variety of opinions are war and destruction Discordia maximae dilabuntur The world is full of examples of both kindes therefore is there no one Christian duty whereunto we have more pathetical and zealous admonitions in the Scriptures then this of unity and agreement both in judgement and affection for this our blessed Lord so fervently prayed Joh. 17.11 22 23. To this he so frequently exh reeth his Apostles Mark 9.50 Joh. 14.27 And his Apostles all Christians Rom. 12.4 c. chap. 15.6 1 Cor. 1.10 Qui perversa mente de praeceptis pacis discordiam faciunt justo dâ—i examine ipsi de verbis vitae moriuntur Greg. de cur past Adm. 25. Now I beseech you brethren by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ that ye all speak the same thing and that there be no divisions among you but that ye be perfectly joyned together in the same minde and in the same judgement so also 2 Cor. 13 11. Ephes 4.1 c. Phil. 1.27 2.2 He therefore faith the Father that through perversness of minde shall out of the precepts of peace and concord create dissension and strife creates death to himself out of the words of life Charity is of the very essence of Christianity the Qâ—een of graces the sum perfection and fulfilling of the divine Law but all the bonds of Christian Charity and therein all the sacred duties we owe both to God and man Quam verò dilectionem custodit cogitat qui discordiaefarore â—r sanus eccl siam semdit pacem â—urbat chaâ—itatem dissipat Cyp. de unit eccl are infringed and transgrest by contention strife and Schismatical rending and tearing the Church of Christ into factions and parties and what ever piety such persons may outwardly make shew of yet can they not have any true charity saith Cyprian or love either to God in the first place or to their neighbours in the next who endevour not to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bend of peace Ephes 4.3 without which no man shall ever see the Lord Heb. 12.14 And this will yet further appear if we consider 6 That Schism alone without any heretical opinions though these two can hardly be parted cuts a man off from the unity of the Church for 't is an insurrection a being in armes against the Church Arma contra ecclesiam poâ—tat Cyp. de unit eccl saith Cyprian And he that is separated from the Church the spouse of Christ is joyned to an adulteress saith the same Father and euts himself off from all the promises made unto the Church and people of God nor must he think to own God for his Father who acknowledgeth not the Church for his Mother Cyp ib. d. For as the body is one and hath many members and all the members of that one body being many are one body so also is Christ 1 Cor. 12.12 And for this cause faith S. Aug. No man can be righteous whilest he stands separated from the unity of Christs body Aug de corree Domst c. 25. but as any part or member of mans natural body being câ—t off the body is thereby devoid of the spirit of liâ—e so the man that is cut off from the body of Jesus Christ the righteous is thereby devoid of the spiritual life of righteousness though he do retain the shape form and likeness of a true living member and the ancient Father Irenaeus gives the reason further out of 1 Cor. 12.28 In the Church God hath set Apostles Prophets teachers universam operationem Spiritus reliquam all the gifts and graces of Gods holy Spirit are therein dispensed Irenae advers Haerd 3. c. 40. Cujus non sunt participes c. whereof they are not partakers who come not unto the Church to be joyned thereunto but defraud themselves of life by evil opinions and worse actions Vbi enim ecclesia ibi spiritus for where the Church is there is the Spirit of life and sanctification 7. Heretiques Extra ecclesiam consistenâ— contra pacem dilectionem Christi sacions inter adversarios computetur Cyp. ep 76. and Schismaticks have been ever accounted the great adversaries of Christs Church and people whose intestine broyles and homebred divisions have done more mischief to the truth and doctrine of Christ then all the external persecutions of bloudy tyrants and Heathens hence the sharp command of the Apostle against such Tit. 3.10 11. A man that is an heretique after the first or second admonition reject knowing that he that is such subverteth and sinneth because condemn'd of himself such a one is self-condemned having 1. passed sentence upon himself by professing against the doctrine and dividing from the communion of the Church And 2. he hath done execution upon himself also for he hath excommunicated himself in going out from the Church Quomodo te à tot gregibus scidisti Firmil ad Cyp. Ep. 75. exscidisti teipsum He that is such a one reject have no company with him 2 Thess 3.14 S. John going to wash himself in a Bath and there espying Cerinthus an Heretique leapt hastily out of the Bath again saying that he
feared the fabrick of the Bath would fall upon them all that were there since Cerinthus the enemy of truth is in it Iren. adâ—â—rs Haer. l. 3. c. 3. And Polycarpus who was S. Johns disciple and heard these words from the Apostle meeting with Marcion another Heretique who saying unto him Cognosce nos acknowledge us for the true Disciples of Christ answered I know thee to be the first born of Satan So great fear saith Irenaeus had the Apostle and their Disciples of having any communication with persons that had depraved and corrupted the Truth according to Tit. 3.10 For. nulla ab iis tanta potest esse corruptio Id. l 4. c. 62. quanta est schismatis pernicies saith the same Father Athanasius Apparet Antichristos omnes esse quos constat à charitate atque ab unitate ecclesiaeâ—ecessisse Opt. l. 1. and Epiphanius deny Heretiques nisi homonymâ—s to be called Christians and Optatus tels us that Schismatiques are the Antichrists spoken of by S. John 1 Joh. 2.18 for so they are described vers 19. They went out from us but they were not of us c. Which is the way of Schism and the description of Schismatiques and he instances in Novatian qui extra ecclesiam consistens inter Antichristos computetur The Samaritans who were Schismatiques from the Jewish Church Addendo autem civitatem Samaritanoâ—um detâ—re omitti ubi erant schismatici ostendit schismaticos Gemilibus adaequari Cyp. Ep. 76. Id. ibid. the Jewes therefore had no conversation with them Joh. 4.9 And they are reckoned by our Saviour with the Gentiles Mat. 10.5 8. The sad condition of all Heretiques and Schismatiques lying under the guilt of grievous sin and being obnoxious thereby to the judgements of God is frequently also remembred by the Fathers How are they without all hope saith Cyprian and incur Gods heavy indignation to their own ruine who make a Schism the holy Scripture doth declare in the book of the Kings where the ten tribes making a breach and Schism in the Church and departing from Judah and Benjamin the Lord is said to be wroth with the whole seed of Israel And by the example of Corah Dathan and Abiram is manifested and proved saith the same Father in the same place that they are not only guilty of great sin Aug. â—p 164. but liable to grievous punishment who rashly joyn themselves with Schismatiques Illud scelus ad exemplum devitaudi God for the present so grievously punished the sin of Corah and his complices giving us thereby an example saith S. Aug. to avoid the same and shewing that when he spares to punish such persons in this life the greater punishment he reserves for them in the life to come which is affirmed 2 Pet. 2.9 For God will judge such persons saith Irenaeus who make Schisms and divisions minding more their own utility then the Churches unity Qui propter modicas quaslibet causas magnum gloriosum corpus Christi conscindunt who for every light cause and unnecessary scruples rend the great and glorious body of Christ Irâ—n l. 4. c. 62. and as much as in them lies destroy the same speaking of peace and charity but making war and division straining at a gads and swallowing the camel Gods service is the way of mans salvation and that nation or kingdome which will not serve the Lord shall penish Isa 6.12 The ground and foundation of Gods service is faith for without faith it is impossible to please God Heb. 11.6 Now the true holy and orthodox faith is but one Eph. 4.5 therefore termed the unity of faith vers 13. Now he that pleaseth not God by the mean of a true faith doth displease and fight against him by the opposition of a false faith according to our Saviours own rule Mat. 12.30 Ho that is not with me is against me and he that gathereth not with me scattereth abroad And undoubtedly he that is against Christ he that is his adversary makes himsel immediately liable to eternal condemnation which is effected by every one that holds not the unity of the true faith for he that bâ—leeveth not in me is condemned already Joh. 3.18 In a word as the true faith believed and obeyed is the way of life so a false faith embrac't and followed is the high way of death and ruine as the word of truth is the key of the kingdome of heaven so the word of untruth and error is the key that opens the gates of hell as the first is that true and sacred light which discovers and clears the way that leads to light and life everlasting so the latter is the ignis fatuus the false fire that misguides the wandring souls of men to the confines of that kingdome where dwelleth blackness of darkness of that kingdome where dwelleth blackness of darkness for evermore Of all seducers and maintainers of Heresies the Apostle S. Peter affirms that they bring upon themselves swift destruction that their judgement of a long time lingreth not and their damnation slumbreth not 2 Pet. 2. 1 2 3. CHAP. VIII Rules and directions for the avoiding of Errors in Religion THat we might be the better armed against the assaults of Heretiques and heretical opinions in Religion our Lord and Master hath not only foretold us that false teachers should in all ages of the Church arise and errors spring up with the truth Mat. 24.23 7.15 Mar. 13.21 Luk. 17.23 as tares amidst the wheat but also hath strictly charged us to beware of them not to follow after them nor believe them whose pretences shall be so plausible their outward appearances of holiness so specious and taking and their words and works by the secret and invisible assistance of Satan so extraordinary as that if it were possible they would deceive the very elect The Apostles of Christ treading in the same steps with their Lord and even in their own daies seeing his words fulfilled Gal. 1.7 1 Tim. 5.12 2 Tim. 3.6 7. 4.3 4. 2 Pet. 2.1 2 3. Jude 8. Eph. 4 14. Rom. 16.17 18. 1 Joh. 4.1 and false Prophets arising not only severely inveigh against them but also impose upon us the same strict care and caution not to be seduced by them or like children to be tossed to and fro and carryed about with every winde of doctrine by the sleight of men and cunning craftiness whereby they lie in wait to deceive To yeeld obedience to these several injunctions and to stand fast in the true faith rooted and built up therein against the assaults of false and deceitful workers these following directions will be useful 1. To be well and throughly instructed in the grounds and principles of holy Religion For as no firm and durable building can be raised without a good foundation laid so no man can be built up in the most holy faith and firmly setled in the truth except the foundation and ground-work be first well and surely
laid in the right understanding and firm adherence to the principles of holy Religion Now the general ground and foundation of all holy and saving Truth is the word of God or the divinely inspired writings of Moses and the Prophets in the old and of Christ and his Apostles in the new Testament Ye are built upon the foundation of the Prophets and Apostles Jesus Christ himself being the head corner stone Eph. 2.20 But although all things contained in the holy Scriptures be infallibly true and in some respect or other usefull and edifying yet all are not therefore fundamentall Truths Those principles of holy truth contained in the Scriptures which are fundamental are according to the doctrine of the Church reduced to five Heads 1. Repentance 2. Faith Ch. catec 3. Obedience 4. Prayer 5. Sacraments If any winde of doctrine move us from off any of the grounds our souls must needs suffer the shipwrack of holy Truth and be split upon the rocks of false erroneous opinions As to these principles therefore these particular rules must be observed for the avoiding of errors 1. And first for Repentance which is termed the foundation of Christian Doctrine Heb. 6.1 He that will not build but upon what is the foundation of truth must not admit of any opinion whatsoever that shall take him off from the constant confession of his sins with all humility and godly sorrow remembring that there is not a just man upon earth that doth good and sinneth not Eccl. 7.20 And the only means left us to recover our selves out of the snares of sin is by Repentance to wash our hearts with the tears of godly sorrow for sin to empty our souls of them by confession and make them clean by more stedfast purposes and strong resistance against all temptations unto sin And this is the first part of that Baptismal vow or of that covenant we made with God when any of us by holy and lawful Baptism were admitted into the bosome of his Church even to forsake the devil and all his works the pomps and vanities of this wicked world and all the sinful lusts of the flesh or manfully to sight under the banner of Christ against the devil the world and the flesh which is no other but to adhere to the doctrine and to continue in the practise of true Repentance 2. As to Faith which is joyned with Repentance as another essential part of the same foundation of Truth Heb. 6.1 't is necessary for the avoiding of Errors to admit of no opinion relating to Religion that is not agreeable to those Articles of the Christian faith summarily exprest in the Apostles Creed which is that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or form of sound words in faith Symbolum Apâ—slorum est râ—gula fidei vestrae brevis grandis braevis numâ—ro verborum graâ—dis pondere sentâ—ntâ—arum Aug. de Temp. we are commanded to hold fast 2 Tim. 1.13 That modell of faith once given to Saints we are commanded earnestly to contend for Jud. 3. The Apostles Creed saith S. Aug. is the rule of your faith which is though short yet weighty short in the number of words but weighty in sentences or the several articles thereof The Gospel of Christ is indeed the grand Rule of faith whereof this lesser Rule the Apostles Creed is the sum and Epitome And he that gees besides and not according to the Rule of faith goes not forward in the way but backward from the way of Truth 3. As to Obedience To entertain no opinion that agrees not with that all-perfect rule of Righteousness the Decalogue or ten Commandements of the moral Law for whatsoever shall oppose thwart make void or any way take off our obedience to any of Gods Commandements is to be rejected as false and erroneous Whosoever saith our Lord shall break one of these least Commandements and teach men so to do he shall be called least in the Kingdome of heaven that is saith the Glosse the most despised in the Church of Christ Minimus in râ—gno h. c. dâ—spectissimuâ— in ecclesia quia decidit à side Lir. in loc and the reason is given because he is saln from the faith he is lapst into error which is expresly asserted by S. John Hereby we are sure we know God if we keep his commandements he that saith he knowes God and keepeth not his commandements is a lyar and the truth is not in him 1 Joh. 2.3 4. And in order to this Rule 't is necessary also to admit of no opinion that tends to the breach of either of those general Rules of Charity which is the fulfilling of the Law viz. To love God above all and thy neighbour as thy self for on these two hang all the Law and the Prophets Mat. 22.37 c. Whatsoever therefore doth not tend either 1. to the inflaming of our souls with the sacred fire of divine love to the advancement of Gods glory and the promoting of his service both inward and outward As also whatsoever 2. tends not to the maintenance of love and unity justice and charity innocence and beneficence towards our neighbors is not to be entertained as a beam shining from the light of holy Truth but as a slash of illusion suggested by the spirit of Error Hereby shall all men know that you are my disciples if ye love one another Joh. 13.35 He omits saith the Father the gift of Miracles Tongues Prophesies Aug. Knowledge to understand all mysteries Faith to remove mountains by none of those but by your charity you shall be known to be my disciples 6 As to the doctrine of Prayer That we admit of no opinion that shall take us off either from the frequent and fervent use of holy Prayers in general or more particularly from the use of the Lords Prayer the which is not only commanded by our Lord to be used when we pray Luk. 11.2 but by the which also we do communicate in our prayers with all holy orthodox Christians there being no time when ever we do use this prayer but many thousands of pious persons are at the same time powring forth their souls unto God in the words of the same prayer To neglect therefore much more to despise the use of this prayer if it be not a piece of disobedience to the plain and positive command of Christ and so a branch of Hecesie yet 't is a depriving our selves of the greatest benefit of the Communions of Saints and so a branch of Schism 7. As to the Sacraments that we reject what ever doth either obstruct the use or deny the efficacy either of Baptism or the Supper of the Lord Mat 26 26 27. c 28 1â— Joh. 6.51.53 Act. 2.38 The use thereof being positively commanded and the efficacy thereof as positively asserted by Christ himself These being also the seales of the covenant of grace Baptism the seale of our admission and the Eucharist of our confirmation in the
most holy faith whatsoever opinion therefore either opposeth the practise or disanuls the vertuous influence of these holy Christian performances makes void the commandements of Christ infringeth the seales of the new Covenant obstructs the blessed means of grace and must therefore necessarily be false erroneous and destructive to the Truth 2. A second general rule for the avoiding of errors Id tencamus qued semper quodubique quâ—l ab â—mn bus Viâ—c â—ir c. 3. is That in these and in all things that relate to Religion we suspect every opinion that is new and strange to be false and erroneous for 't is a certain and infallible rule That what is most ancient and generally received is most true For God who is the fountain of Truth is immutable Jam. 1.17 with him is no variableness nor shadow of turning And holy Truth being a celestial ray displayed from his sacred Majesty must needs be like unto him ever constant to it self and not liable to alteration That we may be guided in the waies of Truth hear what counsel the holy Ghost in this respect gives unto us Deut. 4.32 Aske now of the daies that are past which were before thee from the day that God created man upon earth c. and Joh 8.8 9 10. For inquire I pray thee of the former age and prepare thyself to the search of their Fathers For we are of yesterday and know nothing Shall not they teach thee and tell thee And Jer. 6.6 Thus saith the Lord stand ye in the waies and see and for the old paths where is the good way and walk therein and ye shall finde rest for your fouls But they said 't is the saying of all Heretiques and Schismatiques we will not walk therein we are for new waies new lights and new revelations we have itching ears and these must be scratcht with new doctrines till the scab of Heresie arise upon the soul your old Doctrines are out of dare they are nauseous and offensive their age and antiquity makes them tedious to our souls 2 Tim. 4.3 4. thus sound doctrine will not be endured because men have itching ears and therefore they shall be tutned away from the truth and shall be turned unto fables and lies But Catholicorum hoc fere proprium c. Vinc. liâ— in It is the prophesie of all holy Catholick good Christians to hold fast the Doctrines deposited and committed by the Apostles first to the ancient fathers of the Church and by them transmitted to all posterity Hier. in loc 1 Tim. 6.20 Cum Galatae falsis Prophetis auditis nausea quodam veritatis adfecti catholicae doctrinae manna revomentes haereticae novitatis sordibus oblectarentur ita se Apostolica exercuit authorit as ut summa cum veritate decerneieâ— â—iceâ—nos aut angelus de coelo c. Vino c. 12. O Timothy keep that which is committed to thy trust avoiding profane and vain bablings profane and vain because new and strange Quae à me non audisti saith S. Hierâ—me Doctrines which the Apostles delivered not Nay if they should deliver any doctrine strange and new or if an Angel from heaven should do it the Apostle hath said it and said it again Though we or an Angell from heaven should preach any other Gospel then that you have received let him be accursed Gal. 1.9 Let that therfore abide in you which ye have heard from the beginning if that which ye have heard from the beginning remain in you then shall ye also continue in the Son and in the Father 1 Joh. 2.24 And this same rule is again prescribed 2 Joh. 6. and the reason is given vers 7. Because many deceivers are entred into the world q. d. the way not to be deceived is to hold fast what you heard from the beginning and to walk in it Thus the Nicene Fathers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hold fast the old doctrines and usages of the Church And this was ever the cry of the Church Mos antiquus obtineat let antiquity be the judge what is true and what false He therefore that will not headlong himself into Heresie must not be new fangled in his Religion not affecting novelty but stick close to antiquity Nil novandum nisi quod traditum est Nos religionem non quâ vellemus ducere sed quâ illa duceret sequi oportet Vinc. adv Haer. c. 9. Discamus hoc esse proprium diaboli artisicium si non potest nocere persequendo destruendo hoc facit corrigendo aedisicando Luc. de refut Haer. receiving nothing for truth but what was first received by our ancestors and delivered from one generation to another by continued succession from the times of the Apostles For we must not follow Religion saith the Father which way we would lead it but what way Religion leads us 3. To avoid errors in Religion we must beware of extremity in opposing errors 'T is an ordinary piece of cunning in the devil as Luther hath observed that whom he cannot hurt by persecution and affliction he hath ruin'd in the way of correction aedification and reformation Thus by sad experience we have seen almost an extirpation of Religion under the notion of Reformation a blinde zeal of reforming errors hath deformed the truth it self and in stead of paring the nails hath cut off both the hands and feet of Christs spouse the Church Thus in opposition to Prelacy we have run into Anarchy and in crying out Popery popery we have cryed down many necessary Truths and banisht all decency and order in divine worship together with all Ecclesiastical Discipline and government from amongst us Thus also a pretended purity to separate from sinners hath caused many to separate from people more righteous then themselves and whilest they have presumptuously thought to leave the wicked of the world they have left their religion behinde them according to the old proverbe making a great deal more hast then good speed That therefore our much forwardness in opposing one error may not headlong us into another and our zeal to truth over-run and trample it under foot we must remember that this zeal is to be tempered ever with meekness of wisdome Quia quos im plet omnes columnae simplicitate mansuetos igne zeli ardentes exhibet Gal 6.1 therefore the holy Ghost descended on our Saviour in shape of a Dove as well as on his Apostles in likeness of fire to denote unto us that we are as well to be endued with the meekness and innocence of a dove as with the heat and fire of zeal that as by the one we are quickned and enlivened unto piety so by the other we may be tempered and qualified to keep within the limits of truth and sobernesse 4. That we beware of opposing one part of religious truth against another and of disjoyning those things which God hath joyned together e. g. God hath joyned faith and good works as the
merciful to our sins for thy Names sake O be gracious to thine inheritance and let not thine enemies any longer devour and tear thy Church into erroneous sects and factions Remove not good Lord thy candlestick the light of thy truth from amongst us but let us ever enjoy the freedome of thy Gospel the food of thy Word and sweet refreshing of thy Sacraments with all the benefits of the communion of Saints So we that be thy people and the sheep of thy pasture will give thee thanks for ever and will shew forth thy praise to all generations And to this end vouchsafe holy Father to give us a right understanding and firm practical belief of all the points of holy Christian Doctrine with an humble conscientious obedience to all thy most holy Lawes inflame our hearts with the most sacred fire of Charity that we persevering in the love and service of thy sacred Majesty and in mutual love and brotherly kindness each to other thy mercy may in the end receive us from amidst the tumultuous waves of temptations to sins and errors in this life to the haven of eternal security and peaceful felicity in the life to come through Jesus Christ our Lord Amen THE END A Catalogue of some Books printed for Rich. Royston at the Angel in Ivie-lane London and some formerly Printed at OXFORD Books written by H. Hammond D. D. A Paraphrase and Annotations upon all the Books of the New Test by H. Hammond D. D. in fol. 2. The Practical Catechism with all other English Treatises of H. Hammond D. D. in two volumes in 4. 3. Dissertationes quatuor quibus Episcopatus Jura ex S. Scripturis primaeva Antiquitate adstruuntur contra sententiam D. Blondelli atiorum Authore Henrico Hammond in 4 4. A Letter of Resolution of six Queries in 12. 5. Of Schism A defence of the Church of England against the Exceptions of the Romanists in 12. 6. Of Fundamentals in a notion referring to practice by H. Hammond D. D. in 12. 7. Six books of late Controversie in defence of the Church of England in two volumes in 4. newly published The names of several Treatises and Sermons written by Jer. Taylor D. D. 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Course of Sermons for all the Sundays in the year together with a Discourse of the Divine Institution Necessity and Separation of the Office Ministerial in sol 2. Episcopacy asserted in 4. 3. The History of the Life and Death of the Ever-blessed Jesus Christ 2. Edit in sol 4. The Liberty of Prophesying in 4. 5. An Apologie for authorised and Set-formes of Liturgie in 4. 6. A discourse of Baptism its institution efficacy upon all Beleevers in 4. 7. The Rule and Exercises of holy living in 12. 8. The Rule and Exercises of holy dying in 12. 9. A short Catechism for institution of young persons in the Christian Religion in 12. 10. A short institution of Grammar composed for young Scholars in 8. 11. The Real Presence and spiritual of CHRIST in the Blessed Sacrament proved against the Doctrine of Transubstantiation in 8. 12 The Golden Grove or A Manual of daily Prayers fitted to the daies of the week together with a short Method of Peace and Holiness 13. The Dâ—ctrine and practise of repentance rescued from Popular Errors in a large 8. Newly published Certamen Religiosum or a Conference between the late King of Engl. and the late Lord Marquesse of Woâ—cest concerning Religion at Ragland Castle together with a Vindication of the Protestant Cause by Chr. Cartwright in 4. The Psalter of David with Titles and Collects according to the matter of each Psalm by the Right honorable Chr. Hatton in 12. the fifth Edition with additionals Boanerges and Barnabas or Judgement and Mercy for wounded and afflicted souls in several Soliloquies by Francis Quarles in 12. The life of Faith in dead Times by Chr. Hudson Preacher at Putney in 12. The Guide unto true Blessednesse or a Body of the Doctrine of the Scriptures directing a man to the saving knowledg of God by Sam. Crook in 12. Six excellent Sermons upon several occasions preached by Edw. Willan Vicar of Hoxne in 40. The Dipper Dipp'd or the Anabaptist duck'd and plung'd over head and ears by Daniel Featly D. D. in 4. Hermes Theologus or a Divine Mercury new Descants upon old Records by Theoph. Wodnote in 12. Philosophical Elements concerning Government and civil Society by Thomas Hobbs of Malmsbury in 12. An Essay upon Statius or the five first Books of Pub. Papinius Statius his Thebais by Tho. Stephens Schoolmaster in Saint Edmundsbury in 8. Nomenclatura Brevis Anglo-Latino-Graeca inusum Scholae Westmonasteriensis per F. Gregory in 8. Etymologicum Parvum in usum Scholae publicae westmonasteriensis opera studio Francisci Gregorii in 8. Grammatices Graecae Enchiridion in usum Scholae Collegialis Wigorniae in 8. A discourse of Holy Love by Sir Geo. Strode Knight in 12. The Saints Honey-comb full of Divine Truths by R. Gove Preacher of Henton S. George in Somerset-shire in 8. The Communicants Guide directing the younger sort which have never yet received and the elder and ignorant sort which have hitherto received unworthily how they may receive the Sacrament of the Lords Supper with comfort by R. Gove in 8. A Contemplation of Heaven with an Exercise of Love and a Descant on the Prayer in the Garden by a Catholick Gent. in 12. A Full Answer to a Declaration of the House of Commons concerning no more addresses to the King printed at Oxford 1648. in 4. The Royalists Defence printed at Oxford 1648. 4. Mercurius Rusticus or the Countreymans Complaint printed at Oxford 1648 in 8. A Relation of the Conference between W. Land Lord Archb. of Canterbury and Mr. Fâ—sher the Jesuite by command of K James fol. Church Lands not to be sold 1647. in 8. The Countrey-mans Catechism or the Churches plea for Tithes by R. Boreman B D. in 4. The Regal Apologie printed at Oxford in 4. A Fair Warning to take heed of the Scottish Discipline by Bishop Bramhall in 4. Sacrosancta Regia Majestas in 4. printed at Oxford and written by the Archbishop of Tuwn The Christians Directory in 12. The Royal Slave a Play in 4 acted at Christ-Church in Oxford Devotion digested into several Discourses and Meditations upon the Lords most holy Prayer Together with additional Exercitations upon Baptism The Lords Supper Heresies Blasphemy The Creatures The souls pantings after God The Mercies of God The souls complaint of its absence from God by Peter Samwaies Fellow lately resident in Trinity Col. Camb. in 12. Of the Division between the English and Romish Church upon Reformation by H. Fern. D.D. in 12. the second Edition with many Additionals Directions for the profitable reading of the Scriptures by John White M. A. in 8. The Exemplary lives and Memorable Acts of the 9 most worthy women of the world 3 Jews 3 Gentiles 3 Christians by Tho. Heywood in 4. The Saints Legacies or a Collection of Promises out of the World of God in 12. Judicium Universitatis Oxoniensis de Solenni Lege Foedere Juramento Negativo c. in 8. Certain Sermons and Letters of Defence and Resolutions to some of the late Controversaries of our times by Jasper Mayn D. D. in 4. New Jaâ—ua Linguarum Reserata sive omnium Scientiaâ—um Linguarum seminariuâ— Auctore Gl. Viro â— A. Comenio in 12. A Treatise concerning Divine Providence very seasonable for all ages by Tho. Morton Bishop of Duresme in 8. Observations upon Mr. Hobbs his Leviathan with some Observation upon Sir Walter Rawleigh's History of the World by Alex. Rosse in 12. Fifty Sermons preached by that learned reverend Divine Jo. Donne in fol. Wits Common wealth in 12. The Banquet of Jests new and old in 12. Balzac's Letters the fourth part in 8. Quarles Virgin Widow a Play 4. Solomon's Recantation in 4 by Francis Quarles Amesii antisynodalia in 12. Christs Commination against Scandalizers by John Tombes in 12. New Dr. Stuart's Answer to Fountains Letter in 4. A Tract of Fortifications with 22. Brasse outs in 4. Dr. Griffiths Sermon preached at S. Pauls in 4. Blessed Birth-day printed at Oxford in 8. A Discourse of the state Ecclesiastical in 4. An account of the Church Catholique where it was before the Reformation by Edw. Bâ—ughen D. D. in 4. An Advertisement to the Jewry men of England touching Witches written by the Author of the Observations upon Mr. Hobbs Leviathan in 4. New Episcopacy and Presbytery considered by Hen. Fern. D. D. in 4. A Sermon preached at the Isle of Wight before his Majesty by H. Fern D. D. in 4. The Commoners Liberty or the English mans Birth-right in 4. An Expedient for composing Differences in Religion in 4. A Treatise of Self denial in 4. by a concealed Author The holy Life and death of the late Vicountesse Falkland in 12. Certain Considerations of present Concernment Touching the Reformed Church of England by H. Fern in 12. Englands Faithful Reprover and Monitor in 12. by John Allington Newly published The grand Conspiracy of the Members against the Mind of Jews against their King As it hath been delivered in four Sermons by John Allington B. D. in 12. White Salt or a sober Correction of a mad World by John Sherman B. D. a discontinuer in 12. The matching of the Magistrates Authority and the Christians true Liberty in matters of Religion by Will. Lyford B. D. and late Minister of Sherborn in Dors in 4. A compendious Discourse upon the Case as it it stands between the Church of England and those Congregations that have divided from it by Hen. Fern. D. D. New A correct Copy of some Notes concerning Gods Decrees especially of Reprobation by T. P. Preacher of Gods Word in Northamptonshire and published to prevent calumny in 4. New The History of the Church of Scotland by Joh. Spotswood Archbishop of St. Andrews in fol. New Phraseologia Anglo-Latina or English Proprieties rendred into proper Latine for the use and benefit of Grammar Scholars in 8. Dr. Cousins Devotions in 12. The persecuted Ministery bâ— William Langley late of St. Maries in the City of Liechfield Minister in 4.