THE CONFESSION OF FAITH And the LARGER and SHORTER CATECHISM First agreed upon by the Assembly of Divines at Westminster And now approved by the General assembly of the Kirk of of Scotland to be a part of Uniformity in Religion between the Kirks of Christ in the three Kingdoms EDINBOURG Printed by George Swintoun and Thomas Brown and are to be sold by Iames Glen and David Trench Anno Dom. 1671. THE CONFESSION OF FAITH First agreed upon by the Assembly of Divines at Westminster And now appointed by the General assembly of the Kirk of of Scotland to be a part of Uniformity in Religion between the Kirks of Christ in the three Kingdoms CHAP. I. Of the holy Scripture ALthough the light of Nature and the works of Creation and Providence do so far manifest the Goodness Wisdom and Power of God as to leave men unexcusable yet they are not sufficient to give that knowledge of God and of his Will which is necessary unâ—o salvation Therefore it pleased the Lord at sundry times and in divers manners to reveal himself and to declare that his Will unto his Church and afterwards for the better preserving and propagating of the Truth and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the Church against the corruption of the flesh and the malice of Sathan and of the World to commit the same wholly unto writing which makes the holy Scripture to be most necessary those former ways of Gods revealing his will unto his People being now ceased II. Under the Name of Holy Scripture or the Word of God written are now contained all the Books of the Old and new Testament which are these Of the Old Testament GEnesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomie Joshua Judges Ruth I. Samuel II. Samuel I. Kings II. Kings I. Chronicles II. Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes The Song of Songs Isajah Jeremiah Lamentations Ezekiel Daniel Hosea Joel Amos. Obadiah Jonah Micah Nahum Habakkuk Zephaniah Haggai Zechariah Malachi Of the New Testament The Gospel according to MAtthew The Gospel according to Mark. The Gospel according to Luke The Gospel according to John The Acts of the Apostles Paul 's Epistle to the Romans I. Corinthians II. Corinthians Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians I. Thessalonians II. Thessalonians To Timothy I. To Timothy II. To Titus To Philemon The Epistle to the Hebrews The Epistle of James The first and second Epistle of Peter The first second and third Epistles of John The Epistle of Jude The Revelations All which are given by inspiration of God to be the Rule of Faith and life III. The Books commonly called Apocrypha not being of Divine inspiration are no part of the Canon of the Scripture and therefore are of no Authority in the Church of God nor to be any otherwise approved or made use of than other humane writings IV. The Authority of the holy Scripture for which it ought to be believed and obey'd dependeth not upon the testimony of any man or Church but wholly upon God who is Truth it self the Author thereof and therefore it is to be received because it is the Word of God V. We may be moved induced by the testimony of the Church to an high and reverend esteem of the holy Scripture And the heavenliness of the Matter the efficacy of the Doctrine the Majesty of the stile the consent of all the parts the scope of the whole which is to give all glory to God the full discovery it makes of the only way of mans salvation the many other incomparable Excellencies and the intire perfection thereof are Arguments whereby it doth abundantly evidence it self to be the Word of God yet notwithstanding our full perswasion and assurance of the infallible truth and Divine authority thereof is from the inward work of the holy Spirit bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts VI. The whole Counsel of God concerning all things necessary for his own Glory mans Salvation Faith and life is either exprâ—sly set down in Scripture or by good and necessary conseqâ—ence may be deducâ—d from Scripture unâ—o which nothing at any time is to be added whether by new Revelation of the spirit or traditions of men Nevertheless we acknowledge the inward illumination of the Spirit of God to be necessary for the saving understanding of such things as are revealed in the word and that there are some circumstances concerning the Worship of God and Government of the Church câ—mmon to humane Actions and Societies which are to be ordered by the light of Nature and Christian â—rudence according to the general Rules of the Word which are alwaies to be observed VII All things in Scripture are not alike plain in themselves nor alike clear unto all yet those things which are necessary to be known believed and observed for salvation are so clearly propounded and opened in some places of Scripture or other that not only the Learned but the Unlearned in a due use of the ordinary means may attain unto a sufficient understanding of them VIII The Old Testament in Hebrew which was the Native Language of the people of God of Old and the New Testament in Greek which at the time of the writing of it was most generally known to the Nations being immediately inspired by God and by his singular care providence kept pure in all ages are therefore Authentical so as in all controversies of Religion the Church is finally to appeal unto them But because these Original Tongues are not known to the People of God who have right unto and interest in the Scriptures and are commanded in the fear of God to read search them therefore they are to be translated into the vulgar Language of every Nation unto which they come that the Word of God dwelling plentifully in all they may worship him in an acceptable manner and through patience and comfort of the Scriptures may have hope IX The infallible Rule of Interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture it self and therefore when there is a question about the true and full sence of any Scripture which is not manifold but one it must be searched and known by other places that speak more clearly X The Supreame Judge by which all Controversies of Religion are to be determined and all decrees of Councils Opinions of Ancient Writers Doctrines of men and private Spirits are to be examined and in whose sentence we are to rest can be no other but the holy Spirit speaking in the Scripture CHAP. II. Of God and of the Holy Trinity THere is but one only living and true God who is infinite in being and Perfection a most pure spirit invisible without body parts or passions immutable immense eternal incomprehensible Almighty most wise most holy most free most absolute
to them as well as to others in that as a rule of life informing the of the will of God and their duty it directs and binds them to walk accordingly discovering also the sinful pollutions of their nature hearts and lives so as examining themselves thereby they may come to further conviction of humâ—liation for and hatred against sin together with a clearer sight of the need they have of Christ and the perfection of his obedience It is likewise of use to the regenerate to restrain their corruptions in that it forbids sin and the threatnings of it serve to shew what even their sins deserve and what afflictions in this life they may expect for them although freed from the curse thereof threatned in the Law The promises of it in like manner shew them Gods approbation of obedience what blessings they may expect upon the performance there of although not as due to them by the Law as a Covenant of Works So as a mans doing good and refraining from evil because the Law encourageth to the one deterreth from the other is no evidence of his being under the Law and not under grace VII Neither are the fore mentioned uses of the Law contrary to the grace of the Gospel but do sweetly comply with it the spirit of Christ subduing and inabling the will of man to do that freely and chearfully which the will of God revealed in the Law requireth to be done CHAP. XX. Of Christian Liberty and Liberty of Conscience THe Liberty which Christ hath purchased for Believers under the gospel consists in their freedom from the guilt of sin the condemning wrath of God the curse of the Moral Law and in their being delivered from this present evil world bondage to Satan and dominion of sin from the evil of afflictions the sting of death the Victory of the grave and everlasting damnation as also in their free access to God and their yielding obedience unto him not out of slavish fear but a Child like love and willing mind All which were common also to Believers under the Law But under the new Testament the liberty of Christians is further inlarged in their freedom from the yoke of the Ceremonial Law to which the Jewish Church was subject g and in greater boldness of access to the Throne of Grace h and in fuller communications of the free Spirit of God than believers under the Law did ordinarily partake of II. God alone is Lord of the conscience and hath left it free from the doctrines and commandments of men which are in any thing contrary to his word or beside it in matters of Faith or Worship So that to believe such Doctrines or to obey such commands out of conscience is to betray true liberty of conscience the requiring of an implicite Faith and an absolute and blind obedience is to destroy liberty of conscience and reason also III. They who upon pretence of Christian Liberty do practice any sin or cherish any Lust do thereby destroy the end of Christian liberty which is that being delivered out of the hands of our Enemies we might serve the Lord without fear in holiness and righteousness before him all the daies of our life IV. And because the power which God hath ordained and the liberty which Christ hath purchased are not intended by God to destroy but mutually to uphold preserve one another They who upon pretence of Christian liberty shall oppose any lawful power or the lawful exercise of it whether it be Civil or Ecclesiastical resist the ordinance of God And for their publishing of such practices as are contrary to the light of nature or to the known principles of Christianity whether concerning Faith Worship or Conversation or to the power of Godliness or such erroneous Opinions or Practices as either in their own nature or in the manner of publishing or maintaining them are destructive to the external peace and order which Christ hath established in the Church they may lawfully be called to account and proceeded against by the Censures of the Church and by the power of civil Magistrate CHAP. XXI Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath day THe light of Nature sheweth that there is a God who hath Lordship sovereignty over all is good doth good unto all is therefore to be feared loved praised called upon trusted in and served with all the heart and with all the soul and with all the might But the acceptable way of worshiping the true God is instituted by himself and so limited to his own revealed Will that he may not be worshipped according to the imaginations devices of men or the suggestions of Satan under any visible representations or any other way not prescribed in the holy Scripture II. Religious Worship is to be given to God the Father Son and holy Ghost and to him alone not to Angels Saints or any other Creature and since the Fall not without a Mediator nor in the mediation of any other but of Christ alone III. Prayer with Thanks-giving being one special part of Religious Worship is by God required of all men and that it may be accepted it is to be made in the name of the Son by the help of his Spirit according to his will with understanding reverence humility fervency faith love and perseverance and if vocal in a known tongue IV. Prayer is to be made for all things lawful and for all sorts of men living or that shall live hereafter o but not for the dead nor for those of whom it it may be known that they have sinned the sin unto death V. The reading of the Scriptures with Godly fear the sound Preaching and conscionable hearing of the Word in obedience unto God with understanding faith and reverence singing of Psalms with grace in the heart as also the due administration and worthy receiving of the Sacraments instituted by Christ are all parts of the ordinary Religious Worship of God besides religious Oaths Vows Sollemn Fasting and Thanksgivings upon several occasions which are in their several times and seasons to be used in an holy and religious manner VI. Neither Prayer nor any other part of Religious Worship is now under the Gospel either tyed unto or made more acceptable by any place in which it is performed or towards which it is directed but GOD is to be worshipped every where in Spirit and truth as in private Families daily and in secret each one to himself so more solemnly in the publick Assemblies which are not carelesly or wilfully to be neglected or forsaken when God by his word or providence calleth thereunto VII As it is of the Law of Nature that in general a due
proportion of time be set apart for the Worship of God so in his word by a positive moral and perpetual Commandment binding all men in all Ages he hath particularly appointed one day in seven for a Sabbath to be kept holy unto him which from the beginning of the World to the resurrection of Christ was the last day of the week and from the resurrection of Christ was changed into the first day of the Week which in Scripture is called the Lords Day and is to be continued to the end of the World as the Christian Sabbath VIII This Sabbath is then kept holy unto the Lord when men after a due preparing of their hearts and ordering of their common affairs beforehand do not only observe an holy rest all the day from their own works words thoughts about their worldly imployments and recreations but also are taken up the whole time in the publick and private exercises of his Worship and in the duties of necessity and mercy CHAP. XXII Of Lawful Oaths and Vows A Lawful Oath is a part of religious Worship wherein upon just occasion the person swearing solemnly calleth God to witness what he asserteth or promiseth and to judge him according to the truth or falshood of what he sweareth II. The Name of God only is that by which men ought to swear therein it is to be used with all holy fear and reverence Therefore to swear vainly or rashly by that glorious and dreadful Name or to swear at all by any other thing is sinful and to be abhorred Yet as in matters of weight and moment an Oath is warranted by the word of God under the New Testament as well as under the Old so a lawful Oath being imposed by lawful Authority in such matters ought to be taken III. Whosoever taketh an Oath ought duly to consider the weightiness of so solemn an act and therein to avouch nothing but what he is fully perswaded is the Truth Neither may any man bind himself by Oath to any thing but what is good and just and what he believeth so to be and what he is able and resolved to perform Yet it is a sin to refuse an Oath touching any thing that is good and just being imposed by lawful Authority IV. An Oath is to be taken in the plain and common sense of the words without equivocation or mental reservation It cannot oblige to sin but in any thing not sinful being taken it binds to performance although to a mans own hart Nor is it to be vioâ—ated although made to Hereticks oâ— Infidels V. A Vow is of the like nature with a Promissary Oâ—th and ought to be made with the like Religious care and to be performed with the like faithfulness VI. It is not to be made to any Creature but to God aâ—one and that it may be accepted it is to be made voluntarily out of Faith and conscience of Duty in way of thankfulness for mercy received or of the obtaining of what we want whereby we more strictly bind our selves to necessary duties or to other things so far and so long as they may fitly conduce thereunto VII No man may Vow to do any thing forbidden in the word of God or what would hinder any duty therein commanded or which is not in his own power and for the performance whereof he hath no promise of ability from God In which respect Popish Monastical Vows of perpetual single life professed Poverty and Regular Obedience are so far from being degrees of higher Perfection that they are superstitious and sinful snares in which no Christian may intangle himself CHAP. XXIII Of the Civil Magistrate GOD the Supream Lord and King of all the world hath ordained Civil Magistrates to be under him over the people for his own Glory and the publick good and to this end hath armed them with the power of the sword for the defence and encouragement of them that are good and for the punishment of evil doers II. It is Lawful for Christians to accept and execute the Office of a Magistrate when called thereunto in the managing whereof as they ought especially to maintain Piety Justice and Peace according to the wholsome Laws of each Common-wealth so for that end they may lawfully now under the New Testament wage War upon just and necessary occasion III. The Civil Magistrate may not assume to himself the administration of the Word Sacraments or the power of the Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven yet he hath Authority and it is his duty to take order that Unity and peace be preserved in the Church that the truth of God be kept pure and entire that all blasphemies and heresies be suppressed all corruptions and abuses in worship discipline prevented or reformed and all the Ordinances of God duly settled administred and observed For the better effecting whereof he hath power to call Synods to be present at them and to provide that whatsoever is transacted in them be according to the mind of God IV. It is the duty of people to pray for Magistrates to honour their persons to pay them tribute other dues to obey their lawful Commands and to be subject to their Authority for conscience sake Infidelity or indifference in Religion doth not make void the Magistrates just and legal Authority nor free the people from their due obedience to him From which Ecclesiastical persons are not exempted much less hath the Pope any power or jurisdiction over them in their Dominions or over any of their people and least of all to deprive them of their Dominions or lives if he shall judge them to be Hereticks or upon any other pretence whatsoever CHAP. XXIV Of Marriage and Divorce MArriage is to be between one Man and one Woman neither is it lawful for any Man to have more than one Wife nor for any Woman to have more than one Husband at the same time II. Marriage was ordained for the mutual help of Husband and Wife for the increase of Mankind with a legitimate issue and of the Church with an holy seed and for preventing of uncleanness III. It is lawful for all sorts of people to marry who are able with judgment to give their consent Yet is it the duty of Christians to marry only in the Lord And therefore such as profess the true reformed Religion should not marry with Infidels Papists or other Idolaters Neither should such as are godly be unequally yoked by marrying with such as are notoriously wicked in their life or maintain damnable heresies IV. Marriage ought not to be within the degrees of Consanguinity or Affinity forbidden in the Word Nâ—r can such incestâ—oâ—s Marriages ever be made lawful by any Law of man or consent of Parties so as those Perâ—ons
other ways whereby we do unduly prejudice our own outward estate and defrauding our selves of the due use and comfort of that estate which God hath given us Q. 143. Which is the ninth Commandment A. The ninth Commandment is Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour Q. 144. What are the duties required in the ninth Commandment A. The duties required in the ninth Commandment are the preserving promoting of truth between man and man the good name of our neighbours as well as our own appearing and standing for and from the heart sincerely freely clearly and fully speaking the truth only the truth in matters of judgment and justice and in all other things whatsoever a charitable esteem of our neighbours loving desiring rejoycing in their good name sorrowing for covering of their infirmities freely acknowledging their gifts and graces defending their innocency a ready receiving of a good report and unwillingness to admit of an evil report concerning them discouraging tale-bearers flatterers w and slanderers love and care of our own good name and defending it when need requireth keeping of lawful promises studying and practising of whatsoever things are true honest lovely and of good report Q. 145. What are the sins forbidden in the ninth Commandment A. The sins forbidden in the ninth Commandment are all prejudicing the truth and the good name of our neighbours as well as our own especially in publick judicature giving false evidence suborning false witnesses wittingly appearing pleading for an evil cause outfacing over bearing the truth passing unjust sentence calling evil good good evil rewarding the wicked accordâ—ng to the work of the righteous and the righteous according to the works of the wicked forgery concealing the truth undue silence in a just cause and holding our peace when iniquity calleth either for a reproof from our selves or complaint to others speaking the truth unseasonably or malicioâ—sly to a wrong end or perverting it to a wrong meaning or in doubtful and equivocal expressions to the pâ—ejudice of truth or justice speaking untruth lying slandring â—ackâ—iting detracting tale-bearing whispering scoffing reviâ—ing rash harsh parâ—ial censuring misconstruing intentions words actâ—ons flattering vain glorious bosting thinking or speaking too highly or to meanly of our selves or others denying the gifts and graces of God aggravating smaller faults hiding excusing or extenuating of sins when calâ—d to a free confession unnecessary discovering of infirmities raising false rumors receiving countenancing evil reports and stopping our ears against just defence evil suspition envying or grieving at the deserved credit of any endeavouring or desiring to impair it rejoycing in their disgrace and infamy scornful contempt fond admiration breach of lawful promises neglecting such things as are of good report practising or not avoiding our selves or not hindring what we can in others such things as procure an ill name Q. 146. Which is the tenth Commandment A. The tenth Commandment is Thou shalt not covet thy neighbours house thou shalt not covet thy neighbours wife nor his man servant nor his maid servant nor his ox nor his ass nor any thing that is thy neighbours Q. 147. What are the duties required in the Tenth Commandment A. The duties required in the tenth Commandment are such a full contentment with our own condition and such a charitable frame of the wholesoul towards our neighbour as that all our inward motions affections touching him tend unto and further all that good which is his Q. 148. What are the sins forbidden in the tenth Commandment A. The sins forbidden in the tenth Commandment are discontentment with our own estate envying and grieving at the good of our neighbours together with all inordinate motions and affections to any thing that is his Q. 149. Is any man able perfectly to keep the Commandments of God A. No man is able either of himself or by any grace receiv'd in thiâ— life perfectly to keep the commandments of God but doth daily break them in thought word and deed Q. 150. Are all transgressions of the Law of God equally hainous in themselves and in the sight of God A. All transgressions of the Law of God are not equally hainous but some â—â—ns in themselves and by reason of several aggravations are more hainous in the sight of God than others Q. 151. What are those aggravations which make some sins more hainous than others A. Sins receive their aggravations from the persons offending if they be of riper age greater experience or grace eminent for profession gifts place office guides to others and whose example is likely to be followed by others From the parties offended if immediately against God his attributes worship against Christ and his grace the holy Spirit his witness and working against superioursmen of eminency such as we stand especially related engaged unto against any of the saints particularly weak brethren the souls of them or any other and the common good of all or many From the nature and quality of the offence if it be against the express letter of the Law break many Commandments contain in it many sins if not only conceiv'd in the heart but breaks forth in words and actions scandalize others and admit of no reparation if against means mercies judgments light of nature conviction of conscience publick or private admonition censures of the Church civil punishments and our own prayers purposes promises vows covenante engagements to God or men if done deliberatly wilfully presumptuously impudently bostingly maliciously frequently obstinatly with delight continuance or relapsing after repentance From circumstances of time and place if on the Lords day or other times of divine worship or immediately before or after these or other helps to prevent or remedy miscarriages if in publick or in the presence of others who are thereby likely to be provoked or defiled Q. 152. What doth every sin deserve at the hands of God A Every sin even the least being against the sovereignty goodness holiness of God and against his righteous Law deserveth his wrath and curse both in this life that which is to come cannot be expiated but by the blood of Christ Q. 153. What doth God