yet even our Author will grant that Prayers are not in a strict and proper sense to be addressed In this Fire of Devotion saith he let us fall down to their Reliques let us embrace their Repositories for even the Repositories of Martyrs have great Virtue as the Bones of Martyrs have great Force These Rhetorical Apostrophes are frequent to all Orators and ought not to be drawn into Dogmatical Propositions I return now to consider our Authors Columns separately The Second is about the Primacy of the Pope and consists of some Testimonies of the Fathers which abating the spurious ones insinuate no more than that St. Peter was Prince or First of the Apostles the Foundation upon which the Church was built and the Keeper of the Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven all this we readily acknowledg None ever denied a Primacy of Order to St. Peter the Scripture assures us that the Apostles were all Foundations of the Church and our Saviour committed the Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven to them all If any of these Testimonies seem to attribute somewhat greater and more eminent to St. Peter we are to consider that Orators seldom contain themselves within the severe bounds of truth when they set themselves to make an Encomium of any The Ancients speak no less things of St. Paul and attribute to him no less swelling Titles as might easily be proved if our intended brevity would permit it I will produce only some passages of St. Chrysostom who calls him The Tongue of the World the Light of the Churches the Foundation of Faith the Pillar and Ground of Truth the Vessel of Election the Temple of God the Mouth of Christ the Harp of the Holy Ghost the Doctor of the World the Teacher of Divine Opinions the Schoolmaster of the World upon whom the eyes of the whole World were cast and upon whom the care of all the Churches in the World depended to whose Government God had committed the whole World to whom the whole World was committed and all the Churches under the Sun who governed all the Churches People Nations and Cities of the Earth to whom none can be equalled who had the Primacy greater than all others to Michael was committed the Government of the Jews but to Paul the Earth the Sea both the habitable and inhabitable World the Illuminator of the World the greatest of all Men who alone possessed all the perfections of the other Patriarchs Apostles Saints and Martyrs who is admired and honoured beyond all the other Apostles None of them was greater than him yea none was equal to him I am confident no passages can be found in all Antiquity in favour of St. Peter which can equal these produced out of one Author in favour of St. Paul. The most express passage which our Author alledgeth is that of Tertullian where he is supposed to call the Pope Chief Pastor Bishop of Bishops and Blessed Pope But alas all these are Ironical Expressions directed to not the Pope but the Bishop of Carthage as hath been invincibly proved by a Learned Man now of our Church The more express Testimonies which remain are only the first and the last of this Column The first our Author thought so considerable that he chose against his usual custom to give it us in Latin It is part of the Inscription of St. Ignatius's Epistle to the Romans wherein he calls them the sanctified and illuminated Church which presides in the Country of the Romans These inscriptions of Epistles were according to the Custom of the Eastern Nations filled with great and swelling Titles of which unhappily this to the Romans was one of the most modest for he bestows far greater Titles upon other Churches in some of his Epistles and particularly calls the Church of the Philadelphians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 raised to the utmost pitch of perfection as for the word illuminated it is a Title which the Ancient Christians bestowed upon all Baptized Persons whom they called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Baptism was commonly called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And then for presiding in the Countrey of the Romans every particular Episcopal See presideth in her own Diocess and therefore Ignatius doth not say which presideth in the whole World but which presideth in the Province of Rome The last Testimony is taken from Socrates and Sizomen attesting that the Eastern Synods were not valid unless confirmed by the Pope that he had a peculiar Priviledge of restoring Bishops unjustly deposed and that to him belonged the care of all the Churches But first neither of the Historians affirm That the Pope had any such priviledge which was not common to the other Patriarch For it was the constant custom of the Ancient Church that in all emergent occasions of the Church the Patriarchs should interpose their judgments as being more peculiarly obliged to it by that eminent station which they held among other Bishops Not that the judgment of every one was authoritative or immediately put in execution for their judgments were oft-times contrary but they thereby only declared what they thought just and Canonical which if it was not performed they with the Bishops subject to them used to deny communion to the other party Besides there was a particular reason in the case mentioned by these Historians For Athanasius being deposed by the Arians both Catholicks and Arians had submitted the Arbitration of the whole cause to Pope Julius As for the confirmation of Councils no Council could be General till approved by all the Patriarchs therefore if a Synod were held in the East wherein the Roman Patriarchs was present neither by himself nor by his Legates no wonder if the Decrees of it obliged not the Western Patriarchate till confirmed by the Pope For no more did the Western Synods oblige the Eastern Churches till confirmed by the Eastern Patriarchs The Fifth Column treateth of Transubstantiation wherein most of the Testimonies produced by our Author say no more than that the Eucharistical elements after Consecration are the Body and Blood of our Lord. This we also assert and believe but then the question remaineth still in what sense they are the body and blood of Christ of the remaining citations the most express are those of Just in Martyr St. Ambrose and St. Augustin The first even in the words cited by our Author affirms That our Flesh and Blood are nourished by the Eucharistical elements and therefore could not believe Transubstantiation The Second indeed saith that a preternatural change is made in the elements after Consecration and the Bread then becomes the Body of Christ which was born of the Virgin Mary was crucified and buried But that he means his typical not natural body is manifest from the beginning of this Chapter where he compares this heavenly food to Manna or the Bread of Angels and prefers it because that is subject to corruption if it be kept
Motives to the Roman Obedience 8vo The Decree made at ROME the Second of March 1679. condemning some Opinions of the Jesuits and other Casuists 4 o. A Discourse concerning the Necessity of Reformation with respect to the Errors and Corruptions of the Church of Rome 4 o. First and Second Parts A Discourse concerning the Celebration of Divine Service in an Unknown Tongue 4 o. A Papist not Misrepresented by Protestants Being a Reply to the Reflections upon the Answer to A Papist Misrepresented and Represented 4 o. An Exposition of the Doctrine of the Church of England in the several Articles proposed by the late BISHOP of CONDOM in his Exposition of the Doctrine of the Catholick Church 4 o. A Defence of the Exposition of the Doctrine of the Church of England against the Exceptions of Mons de Meaux late Bishop of Condom and his Vindicator 4 o. A CATECHISM explaining the Doctrine and Practices of the Church of Rome With an Answer thereunto By a Protestant of the Church of England 8vo A Papist Represented and not Misrepresented being an Answer to the First Second Fifth and Sixth Sheets of the Second Part of the Papist Misrepresented and Represented and for a further Vindication of the CATECHISM truly representing the Doctrines and Practices of the Church of Rome 4 o. The Lay-Christian's Obligation to read the Holy Scriptures 4 o. The Plain Man 's Reply to the Catholick Missionaries 24 o. An Answer to THREE PAPERS lately printed concerning the Authority of the Catholick Church in Matters of Faith and the Reformation of the Church of England 4 o. A Vindication of the Answer to THREE PAPERS concerning the Unity and Authority of the Catholick Church and the Reformation of the Church of England 4 o. Mr. Chillingworth's Book called The Religion of Protestants a safe way to Salvation made more generally useful by omitting Personal Contests but inserting whatsoever concerns the common Cause of Protestants or defends the Church of England with an exact Table of Contents and an Addition of some gennine Pieces of Mr. Chillingworth's never before printed viz. against the Infallibility of the Roman Church Transubstantiation Tradition c. And an Account of what moved the Author to turn Papist with his Confutation of the said Motives The Pillar and Ground of Truth A Treatise shewing that the Roman Church falsly claims to be That Church and the Pillar of That Truth mentioned by S. Paul in his first Epistle to Timothy Chap. 3. Vers 15. 4to The Peoples Right to read the Holy Scripture Asserted 4to A Short Summary of the principal Controversies between the Church of England and the Church of Rome being a Vindication of several Protestant Doctrines in Answer to a Late Pamphlet Intituled Protestancy destitute of Scripture Proofs 4to Two Discourses Of Purgatory and Prayers for the Dead An Answer to a Late Pamphlet Intituled The Judgment and Doctrine of the Clergy of the Church of England concerning one Special Branch of the King's Prerogative viz. In dispensing with the Penal Laws 4to The Notes of the Church as laid down by Cardinal Bellarmin examined and confuted 4to Preparation for Death Being a Letter sent to a young Gentlewoman in France in a dangerous Distemper of which she died The Difference between the Church of England and the Church of Rome in opposition to a late Book Intituled An Agreement between the Church of England and Church of Rome A PRIVATE PRAYER to be used in Difficult Times A True Account of a Conference held about Religion at London Sept. 29. 1687. between A. Pulton Jesuit and Tho. Tenison D. D. ss also of that which led to it and followed after it 4to The Vindication of A. Cressener Schoolmaster in Long-Acre from the Aspersions of A. Pulton Jesuit Schoolmaster in the Savoy together with some Account of his Discourse with Mr. Meredith A Discourse shewing that Protestants are on the safer side notwithstanding the uncharitable Judgment of their Adversaries and that Their Religion is the surest Way to Heaven 4to Six Conferences concerning the Eucharist wherein is shewed that the Doctrine of Transubstantiation overthrows the Proofs of Christian Religion A Discourse concerning the Pretended Sacrament of Extreme Vnction with an Account of the occasions and beginnings of it in the Western Church In three Parts With a Letter to the Vindicator of the Bishop of Condom The Pamphlet entituled Speculum Ecclesiasticum or an Ecclesiastical Prospective-Glass considered in its False Reasonings and Quotations There are added by way of Preface two further Answers the First to the Defender of the Speculum the Second to the Half-sheet against the Six Conferences In the Press A Second Defence of the Exposition of the Doctrine of the Church of England against the new Exceptions of Mons de Meaux late Bishop of Condom and his Vindicator The FIRST PART in which the Account that has been given of the Bishop of Meaux's Exposition is fully Vindicated the Distinction of Old and New Popery Historically asserted and the Doctrine of the Church of Rome in Point of Image-worship more particularly considered 4 o. The Incurable Scepticism of the Church of Rome By the Auther of the Six Conferences concerning the Eucharist 4 o. * Fascic Temp. Perfidia Epist ad Ephes * De Persecut Vandal l. 2. †A prefat ad Reginon a De Script Eccl. cap. 25. b Concil Tom. II. p. 844. a Institut Sacerd. tit de necess Confes Lect. 2. O exterminanda cordis caecatio O perditionis animarum occasio l. 2. c. 8. a Ad an 252. a Hist Eccl. l. 7. c. 2. b Hist Con. Nic. l. 2. c. 30. c Prefat ad Version d L. 4. c. 57. e Adv. Marcion l. 4. c. 40. * De Ecclesiast Hierarch c. 7. * Orat. de SS Bernic Prosdoce * Hom. in Rom. xvi 3. in terra mot Laz. in Paulum c. Hom. ad eos qui scandalizati sunt Hom. de esemos collat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †Lib. de Pudic. * Alix Dissert de Script Tertul. p. 70. a De initandis cap. 9. a Comm. in Psal 33. Sacramenta praedicabat ‖ De curand affect Graec. Orat. 8.
THE PAMPHLET ENTITULED Speculum Ecclesiasticum OR AN ECCLESIASTICAL PROSPECTIVE-GLASS CONSIDERED In its False REASONINGS AND QUOTATIONS LONDON Printed for Ric. Chiswell at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church-Yard MDCLXXXVIII IMPRIMATUR Hic Liber cui Titulus The Speculum Ecclesiasticum c. Considered c. Oct. 24. 1687. Hen. Maurice R mo in Christo P. D. Wilhelmo Archiep. Cant. a Sacris THE PAMPHLET ENTITULED SPECULUM ECCLESIASTICUM OR AN Ecclesiastical Prospective-Glass c. THere can be no greater Argument of a baffled and erroneous Cause than when the Assertors of it are forced to maintain it with manifest Impostures The Religion of the Church of Rome is in great measure owing to Legends and Forged Writings With the first they deluded the vulgar and with the second circumvented the wiser part of mankind The Usurpation of the See of Rome was never submitted to nor its Primacy believed in the West till the spurious Decretals of Isidore Mercator were universally received by a blind and ignorant Age and believed to be the genuine Decrees of Ancient Popes No sooner did Learning begin to flourish in the last Age but these Phantasms disappeared were decried and disowned by all learned and ingenuous men To produce them anew upon the stage and urge the Authority of them in this learned age can be no other than the last efforts of a despairing and dying Cause which wanteth both Reason and Truth to uphold it To recur to these Forgeries after the falseness and folly of them hath been detected and demonstrated by learned men of both Communions is an invincible Argument that the Doctrine of the Church of Rome was at first founded on them and cannot now be maintain'd without them It may justly be wondred that men whose office and design it is to uphold the Cause of the Church of Rome and perswade others of the truth of it should make use of such artifices as will infallibly when discovered make all sober men suspect her Cause of falseness and accuse her Agents of dishonesty Yet this hath been lately done by some Gentlemen of the Church of Rome in a little Pamphlet called Speculum Ecclesiasticum or an Ecclesiastical Prospective-Glass wherein all the Ancient Forgeries of the Church of Rome are reproduced and alledged as undoubted Testimonies of Antiquity An Imposture so gross and palpable that if unadvisedly committed the Ignorance of this Author must be deplorable if voluntarily his Fraud must be detestable Such miserable delusions are unfitly calculated for our Age and can serve for no other end than for what they were at first invented to amuse Children and seduce weak people The Author divideth his Prospective-Glass into eight Parts or Columes and in them undertaketh to prove the Doctrines of the Church of Rome from Scripture and the Testimonies of the Fathers of the Church for the first 500 years The proofs of Scripture I shall not consider because they are either wholly impertinent or have been often answered by the Writers of our Church and upon the Testimonies of Antiquity I will only make some few Observations For so idle a Paper deserves not a strict and severe Answer The first Column of our Adversary treateth of the Churches continued Succession and the tradition of all Christian Doctrines through all Ages of the Church This might well have been spared and concerns no more the Church of Râ—me than it doth any other particular Church In the Church of England we have a Succession of Bishops continued down from the Apostolick times to this day The nomination or particular enumeration of them is neither necessary nor useful None will deny the Churches of Ephesus Smyrna and Philadelphia to have enjoyed a continued Series of Bishops from the Apostles times yet are the names of the far greater part of them unknown Neither is the Succession of the Bishops of Rome certain and undoubted The immediate Successors of St. Peter are at this day unknown Linus most probably died before him Cletus and Anacletus were most certainly the same person In succeeding Ages many great and long Schisms happened wherein two and sometimes three Popes together pretended to the Papal Chair whose right was so dubious and uncertain that Wernerus Rolluinck professeth most learned and conscientious men could not discern to which party they ought to adhere And at this day the French and Italian Writers agree not in composing a Catalogue of Popes the first placing divers among the Popes which the second reject as Antipopes No other eminent See of the Catholick Church hath suffered these divisions So that the Succession of the Bishops of Rome is more doubtful and uncertain than any other Succession of Bishops in the World. St. Irenaeus indeed St. Augustin and Optatus alledged by this Writer disputing against the Hereticks object to thâ—m that they are upstarts men of yesterday who could not deduce their Succession from the Apostles whereas their Catholicks had a visible Succession of Bishops presiding in their Churches from the Apostles times and to prove this produce the Succession of Roman Bishops not as of so many Heads of the Universal Church but as of the Bishops of the most eminent See of the Western Church For the force of their Argument lay not in the particular Succession of the Roman Bishops but in the several Successions of all the Catholick Bishops of the Universal Church of which they produced that of Rome as an example This appears plainly from the words of Irenaeus who prefixeth this Preface to his Catalogue of Roman Bishops Seeing it is too much to reckon up the Succession of all Churches I will instante only in that of Rome As for Succession of Doctrine we may with far greater justice claim that than do our Adversaries For the Church of England admitteth receiveth and believeth all Doctrines which have been universally taught and delivered down by all Churches in all Ages and proposeth none to her Children as necessary to be believed which have not that universal testimony Whereas the Church of Rome commandeth several Doctrines to be believed upon pain of Anathema which were unknown to Antiquity and are at this day denied by the greater part of Christians The Fourth Column of the Unity of the Church is of the same stamp We no less firmly than our Adversaries believe the Catholick Church to be one We willingly allow that there is no hope of Salvation out of the Pale of that Church and have always asserted Schism to be a damnable sin But that the particular Church of Rome or in Communion with the See of Rome is that Universal Church that a small and corrupt member of it is the whole and that all Churches not Communicating with the Bishop of Rome are Schismatical this we neither believe nor can our Adversaries prove Certainly all the testimonies here alledged insinuate no such thing But if Schism be so great a sin if wilful and unnecessary Separation from any part of the Catholick Church be
damnable What shall we say of those persons whose office and employment it is to promote and foment this Schism and draw the Members of the Church of England into an unlawful separation from her To accuse the Church of England of Schism or Separation from the Papists is to go contrary to sense and reason For 't is notorious to the whole World that all the Subjects of England communicated with our Church till the 10th year of Queen Elizabeth when upon the Pope's prohibition a small party flew off into separate Assemblies who have since continued their separate Meetings under the name of Roman Catholicks And shall the Church of England be said to have separated from those men This cannot be said with any colour of Truth That Papal prohibition began the Schism which till then had no existence For the Church of England never did by any judicial act forbid her Children to Communicate with the Catholick Churches beyond Sea nor require of her Communicants the belief of any point denied by them or disbelief of any point maintained by them The third Column of the Churches Infallibility is of the same nature and equal impertinence We believe there ever was since the time of Christ and shall be to the end of the World a Church or collection of men believing all things necessary to Salvation But that this Church is no other than the particular Church of Rome and that to the belief of all necessary Articles some false and erroneous Opinions never was nor shall be intermixed we do not believe and it never can be proved Now all the Testimonies alledged by our Author amounts to no more than this That the Church of Christ is indefectible ever did and always shall exist That the whole Faith of Christ is always taught and preserved in it and that in her Bosom Salvation may ever be found and obtained But all this doth no more concern The Church of Rome than it doth the Church of England Our Author indeed alledgeth Three passages wherein the Church of Rome is particularly mentioned The first is a Complement of St. Cyprian's to Pope Cornelius That to St. Peter's Chair Infidelity cannot have access This hath been oftentimes answered by our Divines and is indeed a meer Compliment or at most a declaration of his expectations grounded upon the prospect of a Learned and Orthodox Clergy which then presided in the See of Rome Besides infinite places of the Ancients might be produced wherein they bestow no less Encomiums upon particular Churches which by the confession of our Adversaries not only may but have actually fallen from the Faith. Thus St. Ignatius saith the Church of Ephesus was predestinated before all Ages to continue for ever in a permanent and unchangeable glory An expression which infinitely surpasseth St. Cyprians Compliment The Second passage is taken from Victor Vitensis whom our Author ignorantly calls Vticensis where Eugenius Bishop of Carthage being urged by the Arian Tyrant Hunnericus to give an account of his Faith desired leave to send to all his Fellow Bishops in the whole Catholick Church that they might meet in a General Council particularly to the Bishop of Rome who was the most eminent Bishop of the Western Church and first Patriarch of the World. For no General Council could be held without the presence of all the Patriarchs either by themselves or by their Legates That Eugenius desired not the presence or advice of the Pope for any belief of his Infallibility is manifest from what Victor immediately subjoins that Eugenius said this not because there were wanting men in Africa who were able to refute the objections of the Arians and vindicate the Catholick Cause But that such Bishops might be drawn into Africa as feared not the threats and violence of Hunnericus being none of his natural Subjects The third is a passage of St. Cyril of Hierusalem in his Apology against Rusinus that the Roman Faith commended by the Apostles cannot be changed Of this Apology I shall speak somewhat hereafter To the words alledged I need only say our Adversaries can never prove that unchangeable Faith which the Apostle commended to be the Faith of the present Church of Rome Thus have we proved three of our Authors eight Columns to be wholly trifling and impertinent I will next observe his ignorance and mistakes of Chronology St. Cyprian is by him placed before Origen when as the latter was a famous Writer of the Church long before the first was converted to the Faith. Gregory Nyssen and St. Hierom are ranked before Athanasius who was a Bishop before either of the other were born Tertullian before Theophilus Antiochenus who was a Bishop near Twenty five years before the other was made Priest Victor Vitensis placed in the beginning of the 4th Age who lived in the end of the 5th But our honest Author because he writ of a Persecution thought he must necessarily mean an Heathen Persecution and therefore set him before Lactantius In the same manner he placeth St. Cyril of Alexandria before St. Chrysostom and St. Ambrose before St. Athanasius But Chronology is not the business of our Author Let us next view his Criticism where we shall find all the Fables and Forgeries of Ancient and latter times adapted and produced by him I begin with the Decretals of the Ancient Popes out of which he cites the Epistles of St. Clemens Anacletus and Pius It were superfluous to resume an Argument so often cleared and to prove these Epistles to be spurious if we had not to deal with a generation of men whose either ignorance or effrontery requireth it This hath been often confessed and at large demonstrated by Learned Writers of the Church of Rome but more fully by the Reformed Divines Insomuch that it is long since become a received and undoubted opinion among all the learned men of both Communions And indeed the thing is manifest beyond all contradiction For no Pope Father or Writer before the 9th Age ever made mention of them The Vulgar Version of the Bible is constantly used in them which was not composed till the beginning of the fifth Age. They are almost wholly made up of an infinite number of passages stoln from the Writings Canons and Constitutions of Authors Councils Popes and Emperors who lived between the Third and the Ninth Age. They are neither adapted to the genius nor necessities of those times Frequently they oppose Heresies which began not till the 4th Age. Are full of ridiculous Anachronisms barbarous Phrases and foolish Solecisms which those first and purer Ages could not be guilty of Lastly they mention many points of Discipline and Ecclesiastical Terms which were unknown to the three first Ages and not introduced till some Ages after Not only the falsity of these Decretals is apparent and confessed but their Author and age can be assigned They were first published to the World by Riculphus Bishop of Mentz who received them from Isidore Mercator