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truth_n certain_a design_n great_a 95 3 2.0704 3 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A92327 Reflections upon Monsieur Des Cartes's Discourse of a method for the well-guiding of reason, and discovery of truth in the sciences. Written by a private pen in French, and translated out of the original manuscript, by J.D. Davies, John, 1625-1693. 1655 (1655) Wing R720; Thomason E1491_3; ESTC R208515 34,351 109

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of_o some_o tenet_n of_o public_a faith_n who_o yet_o in_o some_o other_o thing_n have_v that_o weakness_n which_o be_v the_o most_o adequate_a attribute_n of_o mankind_n and_o that_o it_o have_v fare_v thus_o with_o our_o great_a author_n may_v partly_o appear_v by_o these_o reflection_n on_o his_o discourse_n i_o be_o in_o some_o doubt_n whether_o he_o may_v have_v see_v they_o before_o he_o die_v much_o more_o before_o the_o publish_n of_o his_o discourse_n it_o be_v his_o custom_n to_o communicate_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v strict_o examine_v by_o his_o friend_n and_o correspondent_n before_o he_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o press_n for_o however_o he_o may_v haply_o think_v they_o slight_a yet_o certain_o we_o shall_v somewhere_o have_v meet_v with_o his_o resentment_n as_o for_o the_o author_n of_o these_o reflection_n i_o can_v do_v he_o so_o much_o honour_n as_o tell_v the_o world_n his_o name_n for_o i_o never_o know_v it_o have_v meet_v with_o they_o accidental_o in_o a_o 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improve_v and_o advance_v and_o why_o may_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n happen_v also_o in_o philosophy_n which_o be_v of_o that_o extent_n that_o she_o be_v not_o limit_v but_o by_o the_o universe_n it_o be_v indeed_o our_o weakness_n and_o our_o unhappiness_n together_o to_o attribute_v to_o some_o man_n that_o authority_n over_o our_o reason_n which_o our_o passion_n be_v not_o able_a to_o recall_v nor_o be_v we_o easy_o reduce_v to_o harken_v to_o other_o who_o shall_v tell_v we_o true_a thing_n though_o different_a from_o what_o we_o know_v before_o but_o how_o little_a do_v we_o herein_o consider_v how_o often_o error_n and_o humanity_n may_v lodge_v in_o the_o same_o inn_n whereas_o infallibility_n be_v a_o thing_n that_o in_o this_o world_n have_v not_o what_o the_o fox_n nor_o the_o fowl_n of_o the_o air_n have_v neither_o hole_n nor_o nest_n it_o be_v a_o negative_a attribute_n of_o the_o divine_a majesty_n one_o of_o the_o regalia_fw-la of_o omnipotency_n which_o it_o be_v treason_n in_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v human_a to_o assume_v religion_n itself_o which_o of_o all_o thing_n have_v the_o great_a participation_n of_o and_o correspondence_n with_o the_o divine_a be_v be_v hardly_o allow_v infallible_a when_o we_o look_v on_o it_o with_o relation_n to_o the_o human_a dispensation_n thereof_o heresy_n schism_n error_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o certain_o the_o mote_n that_o render_v that_o great_a beauty_n the_o fair_a but_o the_o black_a patch_n the_o imperfection_n and_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o our_o humanity_n and_o the_o then_o consequent_a presumption_n of_o our_o error_n now_o if_o this_o hap_n in_o that_o affair_n wherein_o our_o precious_a and_o immortal_a soul_n be_v embark_v what_o may_v we_o expect_v in_o thing_n which_o have_v only_o a_o alliance_n and_o conjunction_n with_o our_o external_a happiness_n but_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o religion_n that_o the_o most_o eminent_a heretic_n have_v be_v man_n of_o excellent_a learning_n and_o endowment_n so_o it_o must_v be_v suppose_v that_o those_o only_o can_v be_v heretic_n in_o philosophy_n who_o be_v indeed_o great_a philosopher_n and_o such_o as_o imagine_v in_o themselves_o that_o they_o have_v something_o to_o acquaint_v the_o world_n that_o shall_v astonish_v it_o more_o than_o any_o thing_n it_o know_v before_o but_o he_o that_o undertake_v such_o a_o thing_n aught_o to_o conclude_v with_o himself_o that_o he_o intend_v to_o quarrel_v with_o the_o common_a opinion_n and_o therefore_o ought_v to_o presuppose_v whatsoever_o may_v make_v good_a the_o ground_n of_o the_o receive_a tenet_n which_o must_v be_v take_v away_o to_o facilitate_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o new_a and_o before_o unheard_a of_o assertion_n it_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n for_o one_o man_n to_o foresee_v what_o a_o many_o may_v be_v able_a to_o object_v and_o yet_o this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o great_a author_n of_o the_o discourse_n concerning_o the_o conduct_n of_o our_o reason_n etc._n etc._n the_o true_o great_a descartes_n the_o prodigy_n of_o his_o age_n and_o who_o departure_n hence_o so_o soon_o be_v yet_o the_o regret_n of_o the_o philosophical_a world_n but_o be_v withal_o but_o a_o man_n it_o be_v a_o injury_n to_o the_o divinity_n to_o think_v he_o inerrable_a we_o may_v well_o place_v he_o among_o the_o hero_n but_o not_o among_o the_o god_n nor_o ought_v any_o man_n to_o think_v it_o a_o thing_n any_o way_n injurious_a to_o he_o to_o reflect_v on_o what_o he_o have_v do_v since_o it_o be_v a_o thing_n he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o decline_v that_o it_o be_v his_o invitation_n as_o who_o think_v that_o learning_n gain_v no_o small_a advantage_n by_o communication_n and_o correspondence_n and_o have_v oblige_v the_o world_n with_o his_o labour_n with_o this_o caution_n that_o other_o by_o their_o experiment_n may_v advance_v his_o discovery_n some_o there_o have_v be_v who_o have_v wrestle_v the_o world_n out_o
honour_v with_o those_o eulogy_n and_o commendation_n it_o deserve_v but_o for_o the_o latter_a he_o tax_v it_o with_o a_o deficiency_n as_o to_o the_o teach_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o lay_v it_o to_o his_o charge_n that_o many_o time_n it_o bestow_v that_o fair_a name_n on_o what_o may_v more_o proper_o be_v term_v insensibility_n pride_n despair_n or_o a_o parricide_n wherein_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v no_o great_a quarrel_n with_o he_o if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o moral_a philosophy_n of_o the_o stoic_n which_o indeed_o sometime_o will_v make_v we_o too_o insensible_a sometime_o equal_v we_o to_o god_n nay_o in_o a_o manner_n prefer_v we_o before_o he_o but_o as_o for_o aristotle_n in_o the_o writing_n he_o have_v leave_v we_o of_o this_o part_n of_o philosophy_n he_o have_v so_o excellent_o well_o describe_v the_o virtue_n and_o vice_n and_o have_v be_v so_o fortunate_a in_o it_o that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o thing_n to_o be_v carp_v at_o in_o he_o unless_o it_o be_v this_o 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and_o such_o as_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a if_o not_o impossible_a to_o climb_v up_o to_o or_o if_o you_o will_v have_v it_o suppose_v truth_n scatter_v and_o lose_v in_o a_o great_a forest_n it_o may_v be_v presume_v some_o huntsman_n may_v be_v so_o fortunate_a as_o to_o give_v she_o a_o start●_n but_o in_o their_o chase_n of_o she_o they_o must_v expect_v to_o meet_v with_o bush_n and_o quickset_n which_o be_v so_o thick_a that_o it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o easy_a thing_n to_o make_v way_n through_o they_o it_o be_v the_o pleasure_n of_o god_n to_o keep_v nature_n under_o a_o cloud_n undiscovered_a the_o more_o to_o oblige_v we_o to_o humility_n by_o a_o sense_n and_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o our_o ignorance_n yet_o all_o this_o suppose_a and_o grant_v it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v think_v that_o so_o many_o great_a and_o eminent_a personage_n who_o make_v it_o their_o only_a business_n in_o their_o several_a age_n to_o study_v and_o find_v out_o nature_n shall_v have_v take_v all_o that_o pain_n to_o no_o purpose_n and_o after_o all_o their_o pursuit_n to_o have_v discover_v nothing_o at_o all_o and_o it_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n a_o injurious_a and_o dishonourable_a disesteem_n of_o reverend_a antiquity_n and_o a_o overween_a opinion_n of_o ourselves_o to_o imagine_v that_o one_o of_o we_o now_o live_v contract_v all_o study_n into_o himself_o and_o thence_o direct_v it_o to_o the_o great_a volume_n of_o the_o world_n which_o yet_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v to_o have_v be_v equal_o open_a at_o all_o time_n and_o in_o all_o age_n can_v without_o the_o least_o external_a assistance_n or_o advantage_n do_v more_o than_o all_o other_o though_o further_v and_o advance_v by_o mutual_a help_n and_o endeavour_n nor_o shall_v i_o stick_v to_o say_v that_o the_o fair_a stone_n of_o this_o our_o author_n new_a building_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v such_o as_o he_o shall_v have_v reserve_v out_o of_o the_o rubbish_n and_o ruin_n of_o aristotle_n physics_n nor_o 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for_o some_o other_o different_a purpose_n he_o consequent_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o shall_v more_o fortunate_o advance_v into_o philosophy_n if_o he_o shall_v first_o raze_v out_o of_o his_o creed_n all_o those_o opinion_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v in_o the_o school_n then_o if_o he_o shall_v build_v on_o those_o old_a foundation_n that_o be_v a_o private_a person_n his_o design_n be_v not_o to_o reform_v the_o body_n of_o the_o science_n nor_o to_o offer_v any_o violence_n to_o the_o method_n establish_v in_o the_o school_n of_o the_o delivery_n and_o tradition_n of_o they_o but_o only_o to_o reform_v his_o own_o thought_n that_o in_o inquire_v after_o a_o fit_a method_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o design_n he_o have_v find_v out_o that_o as_o to_o logic_n and_o the_o most_o part_n of_o its_o instruction_n he_o know_v no_o other_o use_n of_o they_o then_o that_o they_o serve_v only_o to_o explicate_v to_o another_o those_o thing_n which_o one_o know_v or_o rather_o to_o discourse_v without_o judgement_n those_o thing_n whereof_o we_o be_v ignorant_a then_o to_o attain_v the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n not_o know_v before_o and_o though_o it_o contain_v a_o many_o most_o true_a and_o most_o necessary_a instruction_n yet_o there_o be_v so_o many_o other_o thing_n intermingle_v which_o be_v hurtful_a or_o superfluous_a that_o it_o be_v as_o difficult_a a_o matter_n to_o distinguish_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o to_o draw_v a_o diana_n or_o mercury_n out_o of_o a_o unhewen_a stone_n so_o that_o in_o stead_n of_o the_o great_a and_o infinite_a number_n of_o logical_a precept_n he_o content_v himself_o with_o these_o four_o follow_v 1._o never_o to_o admit_v any_o thing_n for_o true_a but_o upon_o evident_a discovery_n that_o it_o be_v so_o
other_o such_o light_n but_o how_o then_o shall_v we_o satisfy_v or_o convince_v the_o author_n in_o this_o point_n certain_o it_o can_v be_v but_o he_o well_o understand_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o school_n touch_v the_o necessity_n which_o the_o understanding_n have_v of_o the_o sense_n and_o the_o imagination_n in_o all_o thing_n whereof_o it_o undertake_v the_o consideration_n or_o be_v it_o that_o he_o dissemble_v it_o out_o of_o the_o aversion_n which_o he_o bear_v to_o that_o more_o than_o any_o other_o tenet_n of_o the_o school_n and_o do_v as_o the_o french_a do_v who_o can_v never_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o plot_n of_o a_o play_n be_v well_o lay_v if_o a_o spaniard_n be_v not_o introduce_v in_o some_o extravagant_a and_o ridiculous_a posture_n hour_n it_o may_v be_v i_o doubt_v not_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o he_o have_v not_o have_v reason_n to_o speak_v so_o disadvantageous_o nay_o and_o what_o be_v more_o that_o all_o the_o idaea_n which_o we_o have_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n do_v but_o too_o much_o betray_v and_o discover_v the_o imperfection_n of_o the_o nature_n whence_o they_o proceed_v so_o far_o be_v we_o from_o have_v any_o cause_n to_o affirm_v that_o god_n shall_v infuse_v they_o into_o we_o our_o saviour_n call_v god_n creator_n preserver_n lord_n judge_n revenger_n rewarder_n etc._n etc._n but_o all_o those_o attribute_n do_v not_o discover_v what_o he_o be_v in_o himself_o but_o only_o denote_v he_o such_o as_o he_o express_v himself_o towards_o we_o and_o consequent_o make_v no_o representation_n of_o his_o essence_n see_v he_o may_v be_v without_o we_o we_o call_v he_o most_o good_a most_o wise_a almighty_a and_o in_o like_o manner_n attribute_v to_o he_o all_o the_o other_o perfection_n which_o be_v not_o in_o we_o but_o imperfect_o but_o in_o so_o do_v we_o employ_v divers_a thought_n to_o represent_v that_o all_o these_o in_o he_o be_v but_o one_o and_o further_o to_o rectify_v all_o these_o idaea_n and_o notion_n we_o must_v add_v that_o he_o be_v all_o these_o incomprehensible_o so_o that_o the_o most_o proper_a notion_n we_o can_v have_v of_o he_o be_v negative_a as_o that_o he_o be_v invisible_a incomprehensible_a infinite_a incorruptible_a all_o which_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v what_o he_o be_v not_o but_o acquaint_v we_o not_o what_o he_o be_v for_o as_o concerning_o the_o affirmative_a notion_n we_o have_v of_o he_o a_o day_n will_v come_v when_o we_o shall_v find_v how_o gross_a and_o rustic_a they_o be_v and_o shall_v do_v as_o tityrus_n in_o virgil_n who_o when_o he_o come_v to_o see_v rome_n condemn_v all_o the_o idaea_n which_o he_o have_v conceive_v of_o it_o before_o say_v urbem_fw-la quam_fw-la dicunt_fw-la romam_fw-la melibaee_fw-la putavi_fw-la stultus_fw-la ego_fw-la huic_fw-la nostrae_fw-la similem_fw-la etc._n etc._n as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o ratiocination_n concerning_o god_n they_o seem_v to_o i_o good_a and_o solid_a but_o i_o must_v withal_o tell_v he_o he_o be_v not_o the_o first_o author_n of_o they_o but_o scotus_n and_o most_o author_n who_o have_v write_v of_o metaphysics_n have_v make_v use_n of_o they_o if_o he_o have_v borrow_v they_o of_o other_o he_o be_v just_o censurable_a since_o he_o affirm_v that_o he_o find_v nothing_o that_o be_v firm_a and_o certain_a in_o philosophy_n if_o he_o have_v be_v ignorant_a that_o any_o other_o before_o he_o have_v make_v use_n of_o they_o he_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v that_o he_o have_v be_v guilty_a of_o some_o precipitation_n in_o condemn_v the_o writing_n of_o the_o philosopher_n without_o any_o previous_a perusal_n of_o they_o in_o the_o five_o section_n where_o he_o speak_v of_o geometrical_a truth_n i_o have_v not_o observe_v any_o thing_n remarkable_a unless_o it_o be_v that_o in_o speak_v of_o a_o sphere_n he_o have_v unaware_o let_v slip_v this_o that_o all_o the_o part_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n in_o the_o six_o section_n he_o say_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o there_o be_v so_o many_o who_o persuade_v themselves_o that_o there_o be_v much_o difficulty_n to_o know_v god_n and_o the_o soul_n be_v because_o they_o be_v so_o accustom_v never_o to_o consider_v any_o thing_n but_o through_o the_o imagination_n that_o they_o conclude_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v not_o imaginable_a be_v not_o intelligible_a which_o be_v manifest_a say_v he_o in_o that_o the_o philosopher_n themselves_o hold_v that_o nothing_o enter_v into_o the_o understanding_n which_o before_o have_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o sense_n where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v the_o idaea_n of_o god_n and_o the_o soul_n have_v never_o be_v admit_v to_o which_o he_o add_v that_o those_o who_o will_v make_v use_n of_o their_o imagination_n to_o comprehend_v they_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n although_o it_o be_v on_o all_o side_n confess_v that_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v immortal_a yet_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o body_n the_o sovereign_a faculty_n thereof_o which_o we_o call_v the_o intellect_n or_o the_o understanding_n can_v in_o its_o operation_n be_v without_o some_o dependence_n on_o the_o sense_n and_o the_o imagination_n and_o that_o be_v it_o which_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o the_o philosopher_n to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o understanding_n which_o have_v not_o before_o be_v in_o the_o sense_n and_o that_o the_o understanding_n do_v not_o know_v nor_o comprehend_v any_o thing_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o imagination_n as_o concerning_o the_o former_a of_o these_o maxim_n i_o can_v wish_v that_o those_o who_o authority_n first_o bring_v it_o into_o reputation_n have_v bethink_v themselves_o of_o some_o other_o manner_n of_o expression_n and_o that_o they_o have_v content_v themselves_o to_o have_v say_v with_o aristotle_n that_o he_o which_o have_v no_o sense_n can_v never_o comprehend_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o interpretation_n which_o they_o give_v of_o it_o be_v indubitable_o true_a now_o in_o my_o judgement_n there_o be_v nothing_o less_o become_v a_o philosopher_n then_o to_o be_v too_o nice_a and_o critical_a about_o word_n when_o it_o be_v full_o agree_v about_o the_o thing_n themselves_o the_o author_n therefore_o of_o this_o maxim_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o the_o understanding_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o mean_v thereby_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o intelligible_a but_o what_o be_v sensible_a but_o hold_v forth_o two_o thing_n for_o we_o to_o observe_v the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o understanding_n can_v think_v of_o any_o thing_n unless_o somewhat_o have_v before_o smite_v the_o sense_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o first_o thought_n of_o the_o understanding_n have_v for_o their_o object_n something_o that_o be_v sensible_a for_o the_o understanding_n before_o it_o have_v conceive_v any_o thing_n be_v of_o itself_o indifferent_a as_o to_o all_o sort_n of_o object_n it_o can_v be_v determine_v to_o one_o object_n rather_o than_o to_o another_o but_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o sense_n the_o second_o thing_n be_v that_o the_o notion_n which_o we_o have_v of_o sensible_a thing_n do_v produce_v in_o we_o other_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o seed_n which_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o ground_n nay_o lead_v we_o to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o immaterial_a thing_n which_o be_v not_o under_o the_o reach_n of_o our_o sense_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n all_o the_o notion_n and_o idaea_n which_o the_o understanding_n can_v have_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n and_o the_o soul_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n which_o fall_v not_o under_o our_o sense_n have_v have_v their_o conception_n of_o these_o former_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o conclusion_n be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o their_o principle_n or_o a_o great_a tree_n with_o its_o fruit_n and_o its_o leaf_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o kernel_n now_o the_o understanding_n multiply_v its_o first_o discovery_n two_o manner_n of_o way_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o abstraction_n as_o when_o from_o the_o notion_n of_o individual_n which_o be_v material_a and_o sensible_a it_o advance_v to_o the_o occult_a cause_n of_o thing_n and_o when_o in_o geometry_n from_o a_o small_a number_n of_o principle_n it_o draw_v so_o many_o admirable_a conclusion_n as_o concerning_o the_o second_o maxim_n it_o be_v capable_a of_o two_o interpretation_n the_o first_o be_v that_o nothing_o be_v intelligible_a but_o what_o be_v imaginable_a or_o that_o the_o understanding_n can_v conceive_v any_o thing_n whereof_o the_o imagination_n do_v not_o furnish_v it_o with_o a_o representation_n the_o second_o be_v that_o so_o often_o and_o whensoever_o the_o understanding_n be_v busy_v about_o any_o thing_n the_o imagination_n also_o act_v its_o part_n by_o present_v it_o with_o the_o image_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n or_o some_o other_o and_o this_o sense_n and_o not_o the_o