that_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v real_o natural_a affection_n or_o quality_n of_o physical_a body_n and_o that_o rarefaction_n be_v a_o real_a expansion_n of_o the_o very_a entire_a mole_n of_o the_o body_n true_o rarefy_v and_o condensation_n be_v a_o real_a contraction_n of_o the_o whole_a dimension_n of_o the_o body_n condense_v namely_o where_o it_o be_v true_o and_o formal_o a_o true_a rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n as_o the_o question_n be_v above_o state_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o four_o chapter_n and_o this_o i_o call_v the_o aristotelian_a solution_n and_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o true_a in_o the_o manner_n hereafter_o dedescribe_v first_o therefore_o touch_v the_o first_o of_o these_o solution_n by_o interspersed_a vacuity_n this_o though_o it_o do_v in_o truth_n take_v away_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n as_o it_o be_v before_o state_v for_o still_o the_o same_o body_n hold_v but_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o space_n though_o in_o different_a position_n or_o ubication_n of_o its_o part_n yet_o i_o must_v needs_o say_v be_v the_o supposition_n of_o interspersed_a vacuity_n true_a will_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n though_o not_o altogether_o salve_v many_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n but_o there_o be_v these_o two_o grand_a objection_n that_o i_o think_v render_v this_o solution_n impossible_a to_o be_v true_a 1._o it_o seem_v to_o i_o utter_o untrue_a that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o interspersed_a vacuity_n whole_o destitute_a of_o body_n either_o in_o the_o air_n or_o any_o other_o body_n and_o herein_o the_o cartesian_o and_o i_o agree_v and_o that_o which_o render_v this_o supposition_n untrue_a be_v that_o excellent_a demonstration_n improve_v by_o sir_n k._n digby_n in_o his_o history_n of_o body_n if_o there_o be_v such_o interspersed_a vacuity_n it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o those_o body_n of_o a_o equal_a superficies_n that_o be_v more_o rare_a must_v have_v more_o or_o great_a interspersion_n of_o such_o vacuity_n than_o such_o as_o be_v more_o dense_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o the_o same_o mole_n of_o body_n that_o be_v more_o dense_a must_v needs_o have_v more_o of_o matter_n or_o body_n in_o it_o than_o that_o which_o be_v more_o rare_a or_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v equal_o consequential_a that_o where_o the_o body_n be_v more_o weighty_a the_o same_o external_a mole_n of_o the_o more_o weighty_a body_n must_v needs_o have_v more_o of_o body_n and_o less_o of_o interspersed_a vacuity_n than_o that_o which_o be_v more_o light_a where_o the_o external_a mole_n of_o either_o be_v equal_a and_o therefore_o a_o cubique_a foot_n of_o gold_n must_v have_v more_o of_o body_n and_o less_o of_o interspersed_a vacuity_n than_o the_o like_a cubique_a foot_n of_o silver_n and_o that_o than_o the_o like_a cubique_a foot_n of_o water_n and_o that_o than_o the_o like_a cubique_a foot_n of_o air._n the_o lord_n verulam_n in_o his_o historia_fw-la densi_fw-la &_o rari_fw-la pag._n 8_o &_o 9_o by_o a_o exact_a computation_n give_v we_o the_o estimate_n of_o the_o disproportion_n of_o weight_n of_o the_o same_o extrinsic_a mole_n of_o several_a body_n whereby_o he_o find_v that_o a_o portion_n of_o pure_a gold_n reduce_v into_o a_o cubical_a figure_n or_o mole_n weigh_v 20_o d_o weight_n and_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o of_o mercury_n 19_o d_o weight_n and_o 9_o grain_n the_o like_a mole_n of_o silver_n weigh_v 10_o d_o weight_n and_o 21_o grain_n and_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o water_n weigh_v 1_o d_o weight_n and_o 3_o grain_n and_o upon_o a_o like_a trial_n pag._n 20._o find_v that_o the_o heavy_a any_o solid_a body_n be_v and_o more_o unite_a its_o part_n be_v the_o light_a be_v the_o same_o body_n reduce_v into_o dust_n though_o close_o compress_v together_o in_o comparison_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o same_o body_n before_o its_o pulverization_n his_o experiment_n go_v not_o so_o far_o as_o the_o disproportion_n between_o the_o weight_n or_o denseness_n of_o air_n or_o water_n but_o mersennus_n and_o some_o other_o that_o have_v be_v curious_a in_o this_o computation_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o same_o extrinsic_a mole_n of_o water_n be_v about_o 14_o time_n light_a than_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o mercury_n and_o the_o same_o mole_n of_o air_n be_v at_o least_o 900_o time_n other_o say_v 1300_o time_n light_a than_o the_o like_a mole_n of_o water_n the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v a_o cubick_a inch_n or_o foot_n of_o mercury_n to_o be_v entire_o full_a without_o interspersed_a vacuity_n or_o other_o matter_n in_o it_o which_o yet_o upon_o the_o account_n give_v want_v much_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o in_o one_o cubique_fw-la inch_n or_o foot_n or_o other_o mole_n of_o air_n for_o one_o particle_n of_o body_n there_o must_v be_v 11699_o part_n of_o empty_a space_n each_o of_o these_o space_n equal_a to_o the_o space_n that_o the_o real_a body_n of_o the_o air_n take_v up_o such_o be_v the_o disproportion_n of_o the_o weight_n between_o the_o like_a quantity_n or_o mole_n of_o air_n to_o that_o of_o like_a mole_n of_o mercury_n viz._n as_o 1_o to_o 11700._o the_o consequence_n whereof_o will_v be_v that_o yet_o the_o cubique_a foot_n or_o inch_n or_o other_o measure_n or_o a_o vessel_n contain_v nothing_o but_o air_n may_v receive_v a_o quantity_n of_o mercury_n that_o bear_v proportion_n as_o 11699_o to_o 1_o and_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n as_o bear_v the_o proportion_n of_o 899_o to_o 1_o without_o extrude_a any_o part_n of_o the_o include_v air_n or_o overfil_v or_o break_v the_o vessel_n wherein_o it_o be_v include_v and_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o in_o the_o common_a air_n we_o breath_n in_o there_o shall_v be_v but_o 891_o part_n of_o vacuity_n for_o one_o part_n of_o true_a substantial_a air_n as_o there_o must_v be_v upon_o this_o supposition_n all_o respiration_n will_v present_o be_v obstruct_v and_o indeed_o all_o that_o motion_n which_o we_o see_v especial_o in_o meteor_n but_o as_o this_o be_v prodigious_o incredible_a so_o it_o be_v apparent_o untrue_a for_o take_v a_o tube_n full_a of_o air_n and_o stop_v it_o at_o one_o end_n immerse_v the_o open_a end_n into_o water_n and_o press_v it_o down_o as_o low_a as_o may_v be_v yet_o not_o one_o half_a of_o the_o tube_n will_v be_v fill_v with_o water_n nay_o take_v a_o aeolipile_n of_o brass_n with_o a_o syringe_n to_o drive_v in_o the_o water_n it_o will_v with_o great_a difficulty_n receive_v into_o it_o ¾_n part_n of_o water_n and_o thereby_o the_o air_n contract_v into_o a_o quarter_n of_o its_o former_a room_n and_o with_o great_a pain_n and_o force_n it_o may_v be_v into_o a_o much_o less_o room_n but_o never_o any_o pretend_v it_o can_v be_v compress_v into_o the_o 899_o the_o part_n of_o its_o former_a room_n and_o yet_o thus_o it_o may_v be_v and_o with_o great_a ease_n because_o here_o be_v 899_o empty_a space_n which_o may_v receive_v the_o water_n with_o as_o much_o ease_n as_o if_o the_o bottle_n or_o vessel_n be_v not_o empty_a only_o of_o water_n or_o air_n but_o perfect_o empty_a of_o any_o other_o body_n abate_v only_o 1_o 900_o of_o the_o room_n to_o receive_v the_o air._n 2._o the_o second_o difficulty_n in_o this_o supposition_n seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o it_o do_v not_o answer_v the_o phaenomena_n especial_o in_o condensation_n of_o air_n by_o pressure_n as_o in_o wind-gun_n and_o aeolipile_n which_o visible_o with_o a_o great_a force_n endeavour_v its_o restitution_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o explosion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o wind-gun_n and_o ejection_n of_o water_n press_v into_o aeolipile_n for_o the_o air_n upon_o this_o supposition_n have_v a_o free_a room_n far_o more_o than_o sufficient_a for_o its_o reception_n and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o any_o such_o violence_n in_o its_o motion_n of_o restitution_n it_o have_v 899_o empty_a cavity_n whereas_o it_o have_v need_v but_o of_o 1_o 900_o part_n thereof_o for_o its_o reception_n and_o more_o vacuity_n can_v contribute_v nothing_o either_o to_o resist_v compression_n or_o to_o cause_v a_o sensible_a force_n of_o restitution_n because_o nothing_o can_v have_v no_o activity_n or_o motion_n 3._o again_o if_o air_n or_o water_n be_v strong_o rarefy_v by_o heat_n we_o see_v it_o take_v up_o a_o large_a extension_n than_o before_o it_o have_v and_o that_o with_o such_o a_o energy_n and_o force_n that_o it_o will_v break_v a_o strong_a vessel_n enclose_v it_o which_o it_o can_v never_o do_v be_v there_o any_o considerable_a interspersion_n of_o vacuity_n because_o the_o body_n of_o the_o air_n will_v with_o much_o more_o ease_n break_v into_o those_o vacua_fw-la interstitia_fw-la which_o have_v no_o resistance_n against_o it_o than_o it_o will_v or_o can_v force_v its_o room_n upon_o
expression_n that_o be_v not_o polish_v according_a to_o grammatical_a or_o scholastic_a nicety_n or_o mode_n that_o i_o may_v be_v excuse_v herein_o and_o that_o the_o reader_n will_v look_v to_o the_o scope_n and_o drift_n and_o mark_v at_o what_o i_o aim_v and_o not_o cavil_v at_o bare_a term_n and_o expression_n so_o long_o as_o the_o thing_n they_o design_v be_v lay_v open_a this_o be_v a_o unhappiness_n that_o too_o often_o befall_v man_n that_o be_v inquisitive_a after_o truth_n that_o their_o reader_n or_o opponent_n miss_v the_o scope_n of_o the_o writer_n and_o fall_v upon_o criticism_n about_o word_n and_o form_n of_o expression_n word_n be_v but_o sign_n of_o conception_n and_o thought_n and_o as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v they_o perform_v their_o office_n well_o enough_o when_o they_o render_v our_o thought_n intelligible_a 3._o that_o he_o will_v be_v content_a to_o suspend_v his_o censure_n upon_o clause_n or_o sentence_n apart_o till_o he_o have_v peruse_v all_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a especial_o in_o discourse_n of_o this_o nature_n to_o speak_v or_o write_v all_o at_o once_o some_o thing_n that_o be_v but_o short_o or_o obscure_o deliver_v or_o perchance_o omit_v in_o one_o sentence_n page_n or_o paragraph_n may_v be_v supply_v or_o explain_v in_o another_o the_o content_n chap._n 1._o concern_v motion_n and_o its_o original_a pag._n 1_o chap._n 2._o a_o far_a disquisition_n touch_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o motion_n pag._n 7_o chap._n 3._o concern_v some_o other_o more_o universal_a or_o common_a cause_n assign_v to_o motion_n viz._n anima_fw-la mundi_fw-la spiritus_fw-la naturae_fw-la &_o principia_fw-la hylarchica_n pag._n 25_o chap._n 4._o touch_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n and_o their_o kind_n pag._n 36_o chap._n 5._o concern_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n apparent_a to_o sense_n pag._n 49_o chap._n 6._o concern_v the_o various_a solution_n of_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n and_o first_o of_o that_o which_o be_v by_o suppose_a interspersed_a vacuity_n pag._n 55_o chap._n 7._o concern_v the_o second_o solution_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n and_o its_o insufficiency_n pag._n 67_o chap._n 8._o further_o consideration_n concern_v the_o deficiency_n of_o the_o second_o solution_n in_o relation_n to_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n and_o the_o supplement_n that_o have_v be_v devise_v to_o enforce_v or_o supply_v it_o pag._n 77_o chap._n 9_o touch_v the_o three_o supposition_n of_o the_o method_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a philosophy_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o true_a pag._n 87_o chap._n 10._o a_o further_a consideration_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n and_o of_o the_o supposition_n of_o the_o penetrability_n or_o impenetrability_n of_o body_n material_a substance_n quantity_n extension_n etc._n etc._n pag._n 108_o errata_fw-la pag._n 39_o l._n 4._o deal_n appear_v p._n 43._o l._n 10._o r._n it_o it_o make_v space_n p._n 63._o l._n 25._o abstract_v r._n obstruct_v p._n 64._o l._n 18._o r._n and_o with_o great_a ease_n if_o the_o supposition_n be_v true_a p._n 65._o l._n 15._o more_o r._n mere_a p._n 89._o l._n 20._o tube_n r._n cube_n p._n 94._o l._n 23._o deal_n actual_a p._n 95._o l._n 13._o cancel_v r._n cantel_v p._n 106._o l._n 7._o r._n passion_n or_o quality_n of_o p._n 131._o l._n 21._o r._n in_o condensation_n p._n 189._o l._n 6._o r._n preponderation_n p._n 192._o l._n 25._o balance_n r._n bottom_n p._n 204._o l._n 20._o some_o r._n sense_n p._n 239._o l._n 24._o r._n preponderated_a p._n 276._o l._n 17._o r._n foreign_a observation_n touch_v the_o principle_n of_o natural_a motion_n and_o especial_o touch_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n chap._n i._o concern_v motion_n and_o its_o original_a as_o a_o introduction_n to_o what_o follow_v i_o shall_v brief_o set_v down_o some_o observation_n touch_v motion_n of_o create_v material_a being_n for_o i_o shall_v not_o in_o this_o place_n meddle_v with_o those_o more_o noble_a being_n of_o angelical_a or_o spiritual_a nature_n nor_o the_o humane_a soul_n which_o be_v a_o subject_a of_o another_o and_o high_a nature_n and_o not_o to_o be_v measure_v by_o those_o ordinary_a rule_n or_o reason_n that_o concern_v body_n matter_n and_o material_a nature_n we_o may_v general_o find_v in_o all_o material_a being_n the_o thing_n call_v motion_n in_o some_o of_o one_o kind_n in_o some_o of_o another_o some_o more_o simple_a some_o more_o complexed_a and_o various_a some_o more_o conspicuous_a to_o sense_n as_o local_a motion_n some_o less_o conspicuous_a as_o generation_n and_o alteration_n some_o thing_n be_v move_v by_o other_o some_o thing_n seem_v to_o have_v the_o principle_n or_o original_a of_o motion_n in_o themselves_o which_o communicate_v motion_n to_o the_o subject_a wherein_o that_o principle_n reside_v and_o also_o to_o other_o thing_n by_o contact_n of_o their_o corporeity_n or_o virtue_n and_o therefore_o aristotle_n somewhere_o as_o i_o remember_v call_v motion_n or_o endeavour_n of_o it_o to_o be_v quasi_fw-la vita_fw-la quaedam_fw-la quae_fw-la omnibus_fw-la inest_fw-la quae_fw-la natura_fw-la constant_a the_o primitive_a principle_n or_o cause_n of_o all_o motion_n be_v the_o first_o mover_n the_o great_a and_o glorious_a lord_n of_o nature_n from_o who_o as_o be_v so_o all_o motion_n be_v derive_v into_o create_a being_n 1._o by_o way_n of_o causality_n those_o create_a being_n that_n seem_v to_o have_v the_o immediate_a principle_n of_o motion_n in_o themselves_o have_v that_o principle_n from_o his_o fiat_n and_o institution_n and_o 2._o by_o way_n of_o concurrence_n and_o concomitance_n there_o be_v a_o perpetual_a flux_n from_o that_o fountain_n of_o be_v that_o preserve_v and_o sustain_v those_o principle_n of_o motion_n which_o he_o at_o first_o lodge_v in_o create_a being_n according_a to_o their_o several_a rank_n kind_n and_o nature_n and_o institute_v duration_n and_o if_o this_o concourse_n shall_v withdraw_v itself_o but_o one_o moment_n all_o the_o motion_n of_o create_a being_n will_v cease_v and_o expire_v matter_n itself_o simple_o consider_v as_o such_o though_o it_o be_v susceptive_a of_o motion_n as_o we_o daily_o see_v be_v not_o the_o immediate_a principle_n of_o motion_n in_o those_o subject_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v self-moving_a or_o primitive_a movent_n of_o other_o thing_n according_a to_o that_o law_n of_o nature_n institute_v by_o the_o sovereign_a lord_n thereof_o and_o this_o seem_v apparent_a among_o other_o reason_n by_o these_o that_o follow_v 1._o because_o matter_n in_o itself_o and_o simple_o consider_v seem_v to_o be_v mere_o passive_a and_o receptive_a of_o active_a impression_n from_o something_o else_o it_o be_v true_a one_o portion_n of_o matter_n once_o set_v in_o motion_n will_v by_o contact_n put_v another_o portion_n of_o matter_n into_o motion_n but_o we_o be_v not_o now_o upon_o the_o search_n of_o intermediate_v instrumental_n of_o motion_n but_o upon_o the_o search_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o such_o motion_n which_o seem_v primitive_o and_o immediate_o to_o be_v elicit_v in_o any_o physical_a subject_n 2._o because_o matter_n simple_o consider_v seem_v to_o be_v one_o kind_n of_o uniform_a entity_n but_o diversify_v by_o its_o form_n quality_n and_o modification_n as_o weight_n colour_n hardness_n softness_n etc._n etc._n the_o matter_n of_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n and_o of_o a_o piece_n of_o wood_n abstractive_o consider_v seem_v to_o be_v the_o materia_fw-la prima_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_n and_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o consequent_o if_o matter_n simple_o consider_v be_v the_o immediate_a active_a principle_n of_o motion_n the_o motion_n of_o all_o thing_n will_v be_v as_o simple_a and_o uniform_a as_o the_o matter_n itself_o but_o we_o see_v by_o daily_a experience_n that_o there_o be_v motion_n of_o several_a subject_n which_o have_v the_o immediate_a principle_n of_o their_o motion_n in_o and_o from_o themselves_o or_o somewhat_o within_o they_o that_o obtain_v vicem_fw-la moventis_fw-la and_o be_v various_a differ_v different_o exert_v and_o different_o terminate_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o other_o body_n therefore_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n in_o nature_n that_o have_v their_o principle_n of_o motion_n in_o themselves_o we_o must_v find_v out_o if_o we_o can_v somewhat_o beside_o matter_n that_o be_v the_o immediate_a root_n or_o spring_n of_o it_o it_o be_v true_a the_o great_a master_n in_o natural_a philosophy_n aristotle_n tell_v we_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v be_v move_v by_o another_o which_o will_v make_v one_o suppose_v that_o he_o think_v there_o be_v no_o immediate_a self-moving_a principle_n in_o those_o being_n we_o call_v automata_n but_o only_o the_o first_o mover_n and_o true_o with_o respect_n to_o the_o sovereign_a cause_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o every_o thing_n be_v move_v by_o he_o that_o be_v unmoveable_a as_o i_o have_v before_o show_v can_v be_v question_v but_o that_o there_o be_v
the_o ambient_fw-la vessel_n that_o contain_v it_o and_o resist_v its_o dilatation_n with_o all_o the_o strength_n it_o have_v and_o this_o very_a reason_n do_v as_o effectual_o conclude_v against_o the_o second_o solution_n of_o rarefaction_n by_o the_o admission_n of_o materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la into_o the_o suppose_a interstitia_fw-la if_o due_o consider_v chap._n vii_o concern_v the_o second_o solution_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n and_o its_o insufficiency_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v the_o second_o solution_n above_o offer_v which_o suppose_v these_o thing_n 1._o that_o there_o be_v no_o empty_a space_n or_o interspersed_a vacuity_n in_o the_o air_n or_o any_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n with_o which_o i_o agree_v 2._o that_o the_o principle_n of_o compound_a body_n be_v certain_a minute_n atomical_a corpuscle_n physical_o indivisible_a and_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o these_o very_a minute_n body_n be_v some_o grosser_n like_o little_a globuli_fw-la ground_n to_o as_o small_a a_o magnitude_n as_o be_v natural_o possible_a and_o yet_o the_o ramenta_fw-la or_o file_n of_o these_o globuli_fw-la be_v small_a than_o the_o former_a and_o make_v that_o constituent_a or_o principle_n which_o they_o call_v materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la which_o interpose_v between_o other_o grosser_n atom_n or_o corpuscle_n and_o fill_v up_o the_o interstitia_fw-la between_o they_o this_o supposition_n i_o deny_v and_o shall_v show_v my_o reason_n against_o it_o 3._o that_o in_o rarefaction_n or_o tension_n of_o the_o air_n or_o other_o body_n capable_a of_o rarefaction_n there_o be_v only_o a_o separation_n or_o disjunction_n of_o the_o part_n thereof_o to_o a_o great_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o which_o do_v not_o at_o all_o increase_v its_o extension_n but_o only_o vary_v the_o position_n or_o vicinity_n of_o its_o part_n and_o hereupon_o to_o fill_v the_o interstitia_fw-la between_o the_o part_n thus_o divulse_v there_o be_v immit_v into_o those_o interstitia_fw-la subtle_a matter_n or_o those_o subtle_a file_n of_o the_o globuli_fw-la that_o fill_v those_o space_n which_o be_v therefore_o borrow_v from_o the_o subtle_a matter_n of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o circumjacent_a air_n or_o final_o from_o the_o aether_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o subtle_a matter_n in_o nature_n 4._o that_o in_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n etc._n etc._n by_o compression_n that_o subtilissima_fw-la materia_fw-la that_fw-mi reside_v before_o within_o the_o body_n of_o that_o portion_n of_o air_n be_v by_o compression_n squeeze_v out_o and_o drive_v into_o the_o conterminous_a air_n whereby_o that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o condense_a portion_n of_o air_n and_o its_o part_n come_v close_o together_o and_o take_v up_o less_o room_n or_o space_n than_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v before_o namely_o in_o the_o external_a bulk_n or_o superficies_n though_o in_o truth_n and_o reality_n the_o air_n itself_o thus_o seem_o condense_v and_o its_o particle_n take_v up_o real_o as_o much_o room_n or_o space_n as_o before_o though_o the_o figure_n and_o position_n and_o ubication_n of_o that_o space_n that_o it_o take_v up_o now_o be_v only_o alter_v by_o its_o secession_n into_o the_o space_n wherein_o the_o subtilissima_fw-la materia_fw-la now_o fly_v away_o do_v former_o reside_v this_o solution_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n i_o think_v be_v neither_o true_a nor_o do_v it_o in_o any_o measure_n answer_v the_o phaenomena_n in_o rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n first_o therefore_o i_o think_v the_o very_a supposition_n itself_o of_o these_o solute_a atom_n be_v but_o imaginary_a and_o the_o creature_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v may_v deserve_v the_o title_n of_o idolum_fw-la epicureum_fw-la or_o cartesianum_n never_o intend_v by_o the_o latter_a as_o any_o real_a truth_n but_o only_o as_o a_o supposition_n engine_n or_o medium_fw-la to_o explicate_v the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n though_o now_o unwary_o enough_o take_v up_o by_o many_o virtuoso_n as_o a_o truth_n 1._o it_o rob_v all_o body_n of_o any_o real_a or_o possible_a continuity_n without_o a_o miracle_n or_o the_o substitution_n of_o some_o cement_n matter_n differ_v from_o atom_n or_o solute_a body_n to_o hold_v the_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n together_o for_o how_o can_v real_o separate_v body_n such_o as_o the_o very_a lest_o of_o atom_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v have_v any_o continuity_n or_o so_o much_o as_o mutual_a cohesion_n bare_o by_o contiguity_n for_o as_o to_o the_o atomy_n hamatae_fw-la they_o savour_v too_o rank_o of_o fiction_n and_o invention_n and_o the_o polar_a magnetism_n and_o difference_n of_o sex_n of_o atom_n seem_v as_o vain_a 2._o we_o see_v in_o many_o body_n not_o only_o a_o continuity_n but_o a_o strong_a texture_n whereby_o they_o will_v not_o ready_o be_v break_v that_o yet_o at_o first_o arise_v from_o a_o thin_a watery_a substance_n or_o concrement_n as_o the_o nerve_n of_o animal_n the_o wood_n of_o tree_n the_o bark_n of_o tree_n and_o plant_n as_o withy_n flax_n nettle_n nay_o the_o very_a spider_n web_n have_v beside_o its_o continuity_n a_o certain_a tenaciousness_n so_o have_v water_n itself_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o traction_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o a_o siphon_n this_o tenaciousness_n glutinousness_n and_o strong_a cohesion_n of_o part_n of_o body_n one_o to_o another_o can_v never_o be_v by_o the_o apposition_n of_o solute_a particle_n one_o to_o another_o though_o never_o so_o small_a but_o from_o a_o kind_n of_o intrinsic_a contexture_n of_o the_o body_n themselves_o 2._o upon_o this_o supposition_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o all_o body_n shall_v be_v equal_o hard_a and_o equal_o weighty_a and_o equal_o dense_a those_o atom_n even_o those_o that_o be_v the_o most_o minute_n that_o be_v the_o constituent_n of_o the_o materia_fw-la subtilissima_fw-la be_v yet_o suppose_v to_o be_v body_n and_o essential_o divisible_a though_o not_o divide_v nor_o indeed_o divisible_a physical_o by_o any_o force_n and_o therefore_o hard_a and_o unfrangible_a and_o therefore_o if_o we_o shall_v take_v a_o vessel_n of_o a_o foot_n square_n fill_v with_o air_n this_o mole_n though_o we_o call_v it_o of_o air_n be_v yet_o real_o make_v up_o of_o those_o hard_a particle_n and_o then_o how_o be_v it_o possible_a it_o shall_v be_v soft_a to_o the_o touch_n any_o more_o than_o brass_n or_o steel_n for_o the_o softness_n of_o dust_n of_o gold_n or_o other_o solid_a body_n be_v not_o from_o the_o dust_n itself_o but_o from_o the_o numerous_a interspersed_a particle_n of_o air._n again_o this_o cubique_a vessel_n full_a of_o air_n be_v entire_o full_a of_o body_n or_o not_o if_o it_o be_v not_o than_o this_o supposition_n must_v necessary_o admit_v intersperse_v vacuity_n the_o thing_n that_o the_o whole_a supposition_n of_o the_o cartesian_o deny_v but_o if_o it_o be_v full_a of_o body_n in_o every_o imaginable_a space_n thereof_o why_o shall_v not_o this_o cubique_a mole_n of_o air_n thus_o constipate_v with_o a_o plenitude_n of_o body_n be_v as_o weighty_a as_o the_o like_a cube_n of_o water_n yea_o or_o gold_n for_o as_o to_o solidity_n the_o atomical_a body_n themselves_o in_o both_o be_v of_o the_o same_o consistence_n and_o all_o space_n be_v suppose_v full_a both_o in_o the_o cubique_a foot_n of_o air_n and_o water_n for_o excess_n of_o weight_n be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o excess_n of_o matter_n or_o bodily_a substance_n 4._o again_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o small_a atom_n or_o particle_n of_o matter_n even_o the_o ramenta_fw-la that_o be_v suppose_v the_o constituent_n of_o the_o materia_fw-la subtilissima_fw-la be_v yet_o body_n and_o consequent_o have_v their_o trina_n dimensio_fw-la and_o variety_n of_o configuration_n some_o spherical_a some_o cubical_a some_o triangular_a be_v these_o never_o so_o little_a yet_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o can_v exact_o touch_v one_o another_o in_o all_o part_n of_o their_o superficies_n a_o spherical_a body_n can_v be_v in_o all_o its_o superficies_n contiguous_a to_o another_o spherical_a or_o cubical_a body_n and_o consequent_o there_o must_v be_v some_o real_a though_o small_a interval_n between_o these_o minute_n particle_n and_o then_o the_o cartesian_o to_o make_v good_a their_o supposition_n must_v have_v yet_o another_o matter_n more_o subtle_a than_o that_o which_o they_o yet_o call_v subtilissima_fw-la to_o fill_v those_o chink_n et_fw-la quis_fw-la custodiet_fw-la ipsos_fw-la custodes_fw-la and_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o say_v these_o fissure_v between_o the_o minute_a particle_n be_v inconsiderable_a for_o if_o they_o be_v at_o all_o it_o spoil_v the_o supposition_n but_o beside_o that_o certain_o he_o that_o hold_v this_o supposition_n must_v yet_o admit_v that_o in_o the_o cubique_a foot_n of_o air_n the_o interstitia_fw-la must_v needs_o be_v great_a than_o in_o water_n or_o mercury_n of_o the_o like_a mole_n for_o certain_o otherwise_o the_o weight_n of_o mercury_n water_n and_o
yet_o it_o be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a but_o high_o consonant_a to_o nature_n that_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o a_o tube_n of_o air_n may_v be_v as_o close_o unite_v one_o to_o another_o and_o as_o entire_o fill_v that_o cubical_a space_n as_o the_o like_a cubical_a body_n of_o water_n or_o mercury_n or_o gold_n and_o that_o although_o it_o be_v inherent_a in_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o a_o rare_a body_n not_o to_o have_v so_o firm_a a_o consistency_n as_o that_o which_o be_v more_o crass_a and_o solid_a yet_o such_o a_o rare_a body_n may_v be_v whole_o destitute_a of_o pore_n or_o interstitia_fw-la between_o its_o part_n as_o the_o most_o solid_a body_n imaginable_a for_o porosity_n or_o distance_n of_o part_n be_v not_o a_o effect_n necessary_o result_v from_o rarity_n for_o it_o will_v be_v a_o strange_a position_n that_o no_o body_n that_o be_v not_o summè_fw-la solidum_fw-la or_o crassum_fw-la can_v have_v be_v create_v that_o have_v all_o its_o part_n commensurate_a to_o all_o the_o space_n within_o the_o external_a dimension_n or_o extima_fw-la superficies_n of_o such_o body_n and_o yet_o this_o must_v necessary_o follow_v if_o such_o a_o commensuration_n ex_fw-la natura_fw-la rei_fw-la be_v contradictory_n to_o and_o inconsistent_a with_o any_o body_n that_o be_v not_o summè_fw-la solidum_fw-la or_o crassum_fw-la whereof_o possible_o there_o be_v no_o instance_n that_o be_v or_o can_v be_v make_v for_o gold_n itself_o be_v not_o summè_fw-la crassum_fw-la or_o solidum_fw-la for_o one_o piece_n of_o gold_n may_v be_v solider_fw-la and_o have_v more_o of_o crass_a matter_n than_o another_o which_o appear_v by_o the_o disparity_n of_o weight_n between_o two_o several_a kind_n of_o gold_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n nay_o upon_o a_o strict_a search_n it_o may_v be_v find_v de_fw-la facto_fw-la true_a that_o some_o kind_n of_o wood_n or_o metal_n that_o be_v more_o crass_a and_o consequent_o more_o weighty_a than_o other_o may_v yet_o be_v more_o porous_a than_o some_o wood_n or_o metal_n that_o be_v light_a and_o of_o a_o great_a tenuity_n yea_o glass_n or_o crystal_n that_o be_v light_a and_o less_o crass_a than_o some_o other_o body_n may_v be_v less_o porous_a than_o such_o as_o be_v heavy_a and_o crasser_n or_o if_o comparison_n be_v make_v between_o it_o and_o common_a iron-ore_n the_o like_a between_o calice-sand_n and_o yellow_a wax_n and_o many_o more_o whereof_o the_o table_n of_o the_o lord_n verulam_n in_o his_o historia_fw-la densi_fw-la &_o rari_fw-la may_v yield_v we_o many_o instance_n again_o we_o have_v no_o better_a measure_n of_o the_o rarity_n or_o density_n in_o body_n than_o their_o difference_n of_o weight_n quod_fw-la rarum_fw-la leave_n quod_fw-la densum_fw-la grave_n let_v we_o resume_v the_o instance_n give_v supra_fw-la cap._n 6._o wherein_o it_o appear_v that_o air_n be_v at_o least_o 12000_o time_n light_a and_o consequent_o rare_a than_o mercury_n now_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v the_o air_n in_o a_o cubique_a vessel_n of_o a_o foot_n square_a shall_v fill_v but_o 1_o 12000_o of_o that_o space_n and_o the_o rest_n viz._n 11999_o part_n of_o that_o space_n must_v be_v either_o total_o empty_a or_o supply_v with_o another_o kind_n of_o heterogeneous_a subtle_a matter_n differ_v from_o air_n this_o must_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o supposition_n that_o the_o mole_n aeris_fw-la be_v not_o commensurate_a to_o all_o the_o space_n within_o the_o cavity_n of_o that_o cube_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v so_o evident_o against_o sense_n that_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o be_v admit_v or_o almost_o conceivable_a by_o any_o that_o due_o think_v of_o it_o water_n be_v subtle_a than_o mercury_n by_o 14_o time_n air_n be_v subtle_a than_o water_n by_o 900_o time_n and_o possible_o the_o aether_n above_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o the_o elementa_fw-la stellarum_fw-la be_v as_o much_o subtle_a than_o common_a air_n of_o our_o low_a atmosphere_n it_o be_v a_o wild_a conceit_n to_o think_v that_o every_o give_v portion_n of_o the_o ethereal_a world_n must_v necessary_o have_v forty_o thousand_o equal_a portion_n either_o of_o vacuity_n or_o of_o subtle_a matter_n more_o refine_v than_o aether_n and_o that_o no_o one_o give_v portion_n of_o ethereal_a matter_n suppose_v a_o cubique_a foot_n can_v be_v exact_o commensurate_a to_o all_o the_o space_n within_o that_o cubique_a foot_n but_o must_v have_v forty_o thousand_o interspersed_a pore_n either_o whole_o vacant_a or_o fill_v with_o another_o more_o subtle_a matter_n than_o itself_o i_o conclude_v therefore_o it_o be_v equal_o consonant_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o body_n that_o a_o more_o rare_a or_o subtle_a body_n may_v be_v and_o be_v equal_o commensurate_a to_o all_o the_o space_n within_o the_o extent_n of_o its_o ubication_n as_o the_o crass_a body_n in_o the_o world_n the_o thing_n i_o drive_v at_o be_v this_o real_a truth_n viz._n that_o a_o body_n though_o never_o so_o rare_a may_v be_v entire_o commensurate_a to_o all_o the_o space_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o its_o external_a superficies_n as_o well_o as_o the_o dense_v or_o crass_a body_n that_o be_v or_o can_v be_v in_o nature_n and_o consequent_o that_o the_o same_o body_n if_o it_o have_v at_o several_a time_n several_a texture_n may_v in_o these_o several_a season_n entire_o possess_v space_n answer_v such_o texture_n as_o if_o water_n gain_v the_o texture_n of_o air_n it_o may_v be_v commensurate_a to_o all_o space_n within_o its_o superficies_n 4._o it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o although_o some_o particle_n of_o air_n include_v in_o the_o common_a body_n of_o the_o air_n may_v possible_o be_v more_o subtle_a than_o other_o yet_o as_o to_o point_v of_o extension_n or_o contraction_n all_o the_o part_n thereof_o even_o the_o minute_a part_n thereof_o as_o to_o the_o quality_n of_o rarity_n and_o tenuity_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o perfect_o homogeneal_a and_o the_o like_a for_o water_n and_o although_o some_o imaginable_a part_n thereof_o may_v be_v rare_a other_o crasser_n yet_o they_o be_v perfect_o mingle_v together_o as_o common_a constituent_n of_o the_o same_o body_n we_o call_v air_n and_o therefore_o to_o suppose_v the_o first_o constituent_a minute_n particle_n of_o air_n or_o water_n be_v hard_o or_o of_o any_o other_o nature_n than_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v a_o precarious_a inevident_a and_o unreasonable_a supposition_n 5._o i_o do_v suppose_v it_o as_o a_o certain_a evident_a truth_n that_o the_o actual_a existence_n of_o part_n or_o particle_n of_o continue_a body_n as_o most_o evident_o water_v and_o air_n be_v be_v but_o only_o potential_o or_o by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o understanding_n in_o such_o body_n and_o not_o real_o exist_v as_o part_n or_o as_o divide_v till_o a_o real_a and_o actual_a separation_n of_o they_o with_o integral_a part_n though_o they_o may_v be_v big_a or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o their_o separation_n yet_o 1._o still_o remain_v body_n 2._o can_v be_v indivisible_a no_o not_o physical_o 3._o be_v of_o the_o very_a same_o nature_n texture_n or_o make_v with_o the_o whole_a body_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v cancel_v and_o therefore_o when_o the_o external_a superficies_n of_o the_o whole_a bulk_n in_o rarefaction_n be_v expanded_a or_o in_o condensation_n be_v contract_v the_o like_a expansion_n and_o contraction_n happen_v in_o proportion_n in_o every_o particle_n thereof_o in_o a_o true_a and_o proper_a rarefaction_n or_o condensation_n whereof_o the_o question_n be_v state_v 6._o i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o corporeity_n or_o bodily_a consistence_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o quantity_n or_o trina_fw-la dimensio_fw-la but_o that_o this_o be_v but_o a_o affection_n or_o consequence_n of_o it_o for_o otherwise_o all_o body_n that_o have_v a_o equal_a trina_fw-la dimensio_fw-la must_v needs_o have_v the_o same_o density_n or_o a_o equal_a mass_n of_o matter_n or_o corporeal_a mole_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o experience_n for_o a_o cubique_a foot_n of_o water_n have_v less_o of_o matter_n than_o a_o cubique_a foot_n of_o mercury_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o disparity_n of_o their_o weight_n the_o best_a indication_n of_o the_o disparity_n of_o the_o mole_n of_o matter_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o premise_v i_o now_o proceed_v to_o declare_v my_o thought_n touch_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n hold_v myself_o single_o to_o it_o as_o it_o be_v state_v to_o be_v the_o question_n in_o the_o 4_o the_o chapter_n and_o principal_o apply_v myself_o to_o those_o body_n that_o be_v most_o pneumatical_a or_o spirital_a i_o say_v not_o spiritual_a it_o seem_v therefore_o to_o i_o that_o as_o several_a body_n of_o the_o same_o external_a extent_n or_o superficies_n as_o suppose_v a_o cubical_a foot_n of_o air_n water_n mercury_n or_o gold_n may_v have_v and_o have_v yet_o a_o close_a continuity_n of_o all_o
modern_a aristotle_n that_o great_a priest_n of_o nature_n in_o 4_o physicor_n cap._n 9_o wherein_o he_o answer_v the_o objection_n bring_v by_o other_o to_o prove_v vacuity_n from_o the_o phaenomena_n in_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n tell_v we_o that_o rarity_n and_o density_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v not_o by_o accession_n of_o new_a matter_n or_o loss_n of_o any_o of_o the_o old_a but_o from_o the_o potentiality_n of_o matter_n itself_o to_o undergo_v several_a texture_n and_o consequent_o several_a extension_n si_fw-la factus_fw-la est_fw-la aer_fw-la ex_fw-la aqua_fw-la eadem_fw-la materia_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la aer_fw-la nulla_fw-la re_fw-la insuper_fw-la alia_fw-la assumpta_fw-la sed_fw-la quod_fw-la erat_fw-la potentia_fw-la id_fw-la tandem_fw-la facta_fw-la est_fw-la actu_fw-la &_o simili_fw-la modo_fw-la si_fw-la orta_fw-la est_fw-la aqua_fw-la ex_fw-la aere_fw-la eadem_fw-la namque_fw-la materia_fw-la nunc_fw-la in_o magnam_fw-la ex_fw-la parva_fw-la nunc_fw-la in_o parvam_fw-la ex_fw-la magna_fw-la vertitur_fw-la molem_fw-la etc._n etc._n qua_fw-la re_fw-la ipsa_fw-la moles_n sensibilis_fw-la non_fw-la ideo_fw-la extenditur_fw-la aut_fw-la constringitur_fw-la quia_fw-la materiae_fw-la aliquid_fw-la insuper_fw-la adjicit_fw-la aut_fw-la objicit_fw-la sed_fw-la quia_fw-la ipsa_fw-la matery_n utrumque_fw-la subire_fw-la potest_fw-la quo_fw-la sit_fw-la ut_fw-la idem_fw-la sit_fw-la rarum_fw-la &_o densum_fw-la &_o utriusque_fw-la materia_fw-la una_fw-la atqui_fw-la densum_fw-la est_fw-la grave_n rarum_fw-la autem_fw-la leave_n again_o the_o lord_n verulam_n a_o great_a inquisitor_n into_o nature_n and_o not_o very_o friendly_a to_o aristotle_n in_o his_o historia_fw-la densi_fw-la &_o rari_fw-la after_o several_a instance_n of_o pseudo-rarefactions_a when_o he_o speak_v of_o rarefaction_n of_o air_n by_o heat_n pag._n 43._o tell_v we_o aer_fw-la per_fw-la calorem_fw-la dilatatur_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la separatur_fw-la quippiam_fw-la aut_fw-la emittitur_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o tangibilibus_fw-la sed_fw-la simpliciter_fw-la fit_a expansio_fw-la this_o rarefaction_n be_v not_o therefore_o by_o the_o distraction_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n one_o from_o another_o to_o a_o great_a distance_n and_o interpose_v porosity_n or_o interstitia_fw-la either_o of_o perfect_a empty_a space_n as_o the_o vacuist_n will_v have_v it_o or_o fill_v with_o adventitious_a subtle_a matter_n as_o the_o cartesian_o will_v have_v it_o neither_o in_o condensation_n be_v any_o part_n of_o air_n or_o include_v in_o air_n draw_v out_o and_o thereby_o the_o remain_a particle_n render_v into_o a_o close_a order_n and_o contiguity_n one_o to_o another_o but_o in_o the_o former_a the_o extension_n of_o the_o whole_a portion_n of_o air_n and_o of_o every_o particle_n be_v thereof_o quaquaversum_fw-la enlarge_v and_o in_o condensation_n the_o entire_a extension_n of_o the_o air_n and_o every_o part_n thereof_o be_v quaquaversum_fw-la contract_v and_o this_o variation_n be_v no_o other_o but_o a_o common_a affection_n or_o rather_o position_n or_o quantity_n of_o matter_n necessary_o arise_v from_o the_o various_a texture_n that_o it_o successive_o acquire_v and_o therefore_o the_o great_a objection_n that_o be_v make_v against_o this_o method_n of_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o account_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n fall_v to_o just_a nothing_o as_o for_o instance_n 1._o that_o in_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n it_o must_v be_v soft_a to_o the_o touch_n and_o in_o condensation_n hard_o i_o will_v glad_o hear_v of_o that_o man_n that_o ever_o know_v de_fw-fr facto_fw-la air_n condense_a but_o to_o its_o 100_o the_o part_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v condense_v 900_o time_n it_o will_v not_o be_v so_o dense_a as_o water_n or_o what_o disproportion_n to_o the_o touch_n he_o can_v find_v between_o smoke_n and_o air_n and_o yet_o the_o former_a be_v far_o more_o dense_a for_o it_o be_v conspicuous_a to_o the_o view_n so_o that_o he_o have_v need_n be_v a_o man_n of_o exquisite_a sense_n to_o make_v any_o conclusion_n from_o his_o touch_n touch_v the_o rarity_n and_o density_n of_o a_o pneumatical_a body_n again_o if_o the_o atomical_a hypothesis_n be_v admit_v it_o be_v not_o conceptible_a but_o that_o all_o body_n whether_o in_o their_o natural_a texture_n or_o under_o the_o motion_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n must_v be_v hard_a and_o equal_o hard_a because_o consist_v of_o a_o plenitude_n of_o atom_n which_o be_v all_o suppose_a to_o be_v hard_a and_o infrangible_a chap._n x._o a_o far_a consideration_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n and_o of_o the_o supposition_n of_o the_o penetrability_n or_o impenetrability_n of_o body_n material_a substance_n quantity_n extension_n etc._n etc._n the_o principal_a objection_n against_o the_o method_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n propound_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v this_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o same_o mole_n of_o matter_n can_v assume_v a_o large_a space_n and_o dimension_n as_o in_o rarefaction_n without_o a_o division_n of_o one_o part_n from_o another_o and_o thereby_o leave_v certain_a vacant_a interstitia_fw-la between_o the_o part_n separate_v or_o without_o a_o supposition_n of_o a_o pre-existent_a penetration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n while_o in_o its_o former_a more_o condense_v consistence_n and_o in_o rarefaction_n thrust_v out_o those_o part_n that_o former_o penetrate_v one_o another_o be_v unfetter_v in_o rarefaction_n or_o by_o admission_n of_o new_a porosity_n make_v in_o the_o rarefy_a matter_n and_o reception_n therein_o of_o other_o foreign_a matter_n again_o condensation_n of_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o matter_n can_v be_v without_o supposition_n of_o vacant_a empty_a spatiola_n which_o be_v close_v up_o by_o the_o strict_a coalition_n of_o part_n or_o by_o suppose_v a_o penetrability_n and_o penetration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o portion_n of_o matter_n in_o its_o new_a acquire_v state_n of_o condensation_n or_o by_o drive_v out_o from_o that_o portion_n of_o matter_n some_o of_o its_o more_o subtle_a part_n whereby_o the_o remain_a part_n be_v few_o and_o take_v up_o less_o room_n or_o space_n than_o before_o such_o condensation_n the_o first_o be_v the_o first_o way_n propound_v by_o the_o vacuist_n and_o be_v reject_v the_o second_o be_v in_o effect_n the_o way_n propound_v by_o i_o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n but_o be_v say_v to_o be_v inconsistent_a in_o nature_n because_o penetrability_n of_o body_n or_o of_o extension_n of_o material_a substance_n be_v reject_v by_o almost_o all_o philosopher_n therefore_o the_o last_o which_o be_v the_o middle_a way_n contend_v against_o in_o the_o 8_o the_o chapter_n must_v be_v the_o true_a method_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n i_o answer_v it_o be_v true_a i_o have_v lay_v aside_o and_o that_o just_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o vacuist_n in_o the_o 7_o the_o chapter_n and_o likewise_o the_o opinion_n of_o acquest_n of_o new_a matter_n and_o expulsion_n of_o part_n of_o the_o old_a in_o the_o 8_o the_o chapter_n and_o have_v entertain_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o some_o of_o the_o modern_a philosopher_n in_o the_o 9_o the_o chapter_n and_o it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o opinion_n thus_o by_o i_o entertain_v can_v well_o be_v support_v without_o a_o supposition_n of_o the_o penetrability_n of_o material_a substance_n or_o somewhat_o analogal_a thereunto_o viz._n contraction_n and_o dilatation_n and_o it_o be_v true_a that_o although_o i_o think_v that_o this_o penetrability_n of_o material_a substance_n be_v a_o great_a truth_n yet_o it_o be_v some_o difficulty_n to_o explain_v it_o which_o nevertheless_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o do_v and_o in_o do_v of_o it_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n will_v evidence_n itself_o and_o i_o shall_v choose_v to_o do_v it_o this_o way_n namely_o by_o explication_n of_o term_n and_o word_n and_o render_v my_o apprehension_n suitable_a to_o those_o explication_n though_o it_o may_v be_v in_o a_o different_a manner_n from_o the_o usual_a or_o scholastic_a expression_n 1._o concern_v penetrability_n and_o impenetrability_n 2._o concern_v material_a substance_n 3._o concern_v body_n and_o wherein_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o notion_n of_o substance_n 4._o concern_v quantity_n 5._o concern_v rarity_n and_o density_n 6._o concern_v extension_n or_o dimension_n 7._o concern_v penetrability_n how_o it_o be_v or_o be_v not_o applicable_a to_o the_o former_a subject_n first_o penetrability_n or_o penetration_n of_o matter_n or_o body_n etc._n etc._n be_v of_o three_o sort_n viz._n 1._o the_o permeation_n or_o penetration_n of_o one_o body_n into_o or_o through_o another_o by_o porosity_n of_o the_o penetrate_v body_n either_o find_v or_o make_v by_o the_o penetrate_a body_n this_o be_v common_a almost_o to_o all_o body_n and_o be_v not_o the_o penetrability_n in_o question_n 2._o the_o separation_n distraction_n or_o division_n of_o the_o part_n of_o a_o penetrate_v body_n by_o the_o force_n and_o energy_n of_o another_o body_n as_o the_o arrow_n through_o the_o air_n or_o the_o bullet_n through_o the_o side_n of_o a_o ship_n this_o be_v also_o
gravitation_n of_o the_o upper_a part_n upon_o the_o low_a so_o that_o although_o the_o superior_a part_n contribute_v to_o the_o total_a weight_n yet_o they_o do_v not_o superate_o and_o actual_o gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o low_a part_n remark_n iii_o i_o must_v confess_v the_o substiturion_n of_o a_o hylarchical_a principle_n to_o perform_v all_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o motion_n in_o natural_a body_n be_v a_o compendious_a and_o easy_a way_n for_o the_o answer_n of_o all_o difficulty_n but_o he_o that_o but_o observe_v the_o instance_n here_o endeavour_v to_o be_v confute_v will_v find_v as_o in_o many_o other_o that_o i_o shall_v hereafter_o mention_v they_o do_v not_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o such_o a_o help_n for_o it_o be_v mere_o mechanical_a from_o the_o various_a libration_n of_o the_o water_n and_o oil_n at_o various_a immersion_n by_o a_o kind_n of_o invert_v natural_a balance_n between_o the_o water_n and_o oil_n in_o these_o various_a position_n therefore_o i_o shall_v refer_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o solution_n to_o the_o reader_n trial_n and_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v upon_o the_o former_a remark_n remark_n iu._n it_o be_v cautious_o say_v that_o in_o a_o manner_n i_o acknowledge_v what_o be_v endeavour_v to_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o first_o remark_n for_o in_o the_o atmosphere_n the_o air_n be_v more_o compound_v than_o above_o it_o and_o yet_o all_o be_v connex_v together_o by_o continuity_n and_o so_o in_o a_o manner_n i_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v it_o also_o touch_v the_o continuity_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v say_v by_o the_o author_n to_o be_v sufficient_o disprove_v but_o it_o be_v only_o say_v so_o and_o i_o think_v the_o continuity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v and_o in_o itself_o most_o evident_a if_o no_o proof_n be_v offer_v of_o it_o remark_n v._n the_o exclusion_n of_o innate_a gravity_n because_o the_o part_n compress_v will_v sensible_o gravitate_fw-la but_o do_v not_o sensible_o gravitate_fw-la before_o compression_n seem_v to_o i_o as_o strange_a a_o consequence_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v say_v a_o feather_n have_v no_o sensible_a gravitation_n but_o a_o peck_n of_o feather_n put_v together_o have_v a_o sensible_a gravitation_n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o intrinsic_a gravity_n in_o the_o feather_n remark_n vi._n and_o i_o have_v before_o note_v that_o continuity_n consist_v not_o in_o the_o facility_n or_o difficulty_n of_o separation_n of_o part_n which_o yet_o till_o such_o separation_n be_v in_o continuity_n and_o when_o that_o separation_n be_v past_a may_v grow_v together_o into_o continuity_n again_o by_o the_o first_o contact_n of_o the_o separate_a part_n as_o the_o air_n and_o water_n do_v upon_o remove_v of_o what_o separate_v their_o part_n remark_n vii_o in_o the_o 4_o the_o chapter_n pag._n 64._o of_o the_o nugae_fw-la i_o have_v give_v a_o account_n touch_v the_o various_a pressure_n of_o solute_a and_o include_v water_n namely_o that_o in_o a_o siphon_n there_o describe_v the_o water_n in_o the_o open_a air_n pour_v into_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v 24_o inch_n depress_v the_o mercury_n 2_o inch_n and_o ¼_n and_o drive_v it_o out_o of_o the_o short_a leg_n but_o the_o solute_a water_n in_o a_o open_a tube_n incumbent_n upon_o the_o short_a leg_n drive_v back_o only_o one_o inch_n the_o long_a leg_n be_v empty_a now_o if_o the_o impel_a down_o of_o 2_o inch_n and_o ¼_n of_o mercury_n by_o the_o 24_o inch_n of_o water_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o press_n down_o of_o one_o inch_n of_o mercury_n by_o the_o solute_a water_n of_o 24_o inch_n deep_a in_o the_o short_a leg_n the_o remarker_n be_v in_o the_o right_n and_o i_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n but_o if_o these_o be_v differ_v pressure_n and_o the_o press_v down_o of_o one_o inch_n of_o the_o mercury_n by_o the_o solute_a water_n lean_v upon_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v less_o than_o the_o press_n of_o two_o inch_n and_o ¼_n by_o the_o 24_o inch_n of_o water_n include_v in_o the_o long_a leg_n than_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v and_o a_o little_a arithmetic_n will_v serve_v to_o discover_v it_o the_o remark_n give_v this_o answer_n to_o this_o part_n of_o the_o experiment_n that_o more_o be_v impel_v up_o by_o the_o solute_a water_n because_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v wide_a and_o so_o require_v more_o mercury_n in_o the_o other_o leg_n to_o counterpoise_v it_o but_o to_o give_v the_o remark_n satisfaction_n herein_o i_o have_v make_v a_o most_o exact_a scrutiny_n into_o this_o part_n of_o the_o experiment_n and_o to_o the_o objection_n i_o give_v these_o answer_n 1._o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o siphon_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n be_v ⅛_n part_n of_o a_o inch_n or_o ¼_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o long_a leg_n be_v not_o the_o 40_o the_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n less_o than_o the_o short_a which_o be_v so_o small_a a_o disproportion_n that_o it_o can_v scarce_o be_v sensible_a and_o this_o upon_o a_o exact_a admeasurement_n and_o again_o when_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o short_a tube_n be_v depress_v a_o inch_n by_o the_o solute_a water_n incumbent_a upon_o it_o there_o be_v not_o any_o visible_a difference_n between_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o mercury_n drive_v up_o in_o the_o long_o and_o depress_v in_o the_o short_a leg_n both_o be_v indistinguishable_o the_o same_o viz._n a_o inch_n subside_v in_o the_o short_a and_o a_o inch_n only_o rise_v in_o the_o long_a leg_n which_o evidence_v the_o imperceptibleness_n of_o the_o difference_n 2._o if_o it_o give_v a_o advantage_n of_o raise_v of_o the_o mercury_n it_o must_v be_v to_o the_o short_a leg_n because_o it_o have_v a_o great_a mole_n of_o mercury_n in_o it_o and_o of_o water_n upon_o it_o 3._o but_o the_o truth_n be_v the_o pressure_n of_o water_n or_o mercury_n in_o a_o invert_v siphon_n be_v equal_a though_o the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o leg_n differ_v for_o fluid_n in_o that_o instance_n press_v secundum_fw-la altitudinem_fw-la or_o longitudinem_fw-la not_o secundum_fw-la amplitudinem_fw-la a_o siphon_n invert_v have_v one_o leg_n of_o 6_o inch_n diameter_n and_o the_o other_o but_o of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n fill_v with_o water_n or_o mercury_n will_v have_v their_o superficies_n of_o equal_a height_n notwithstanding_o the_o disproportion_n of_o their_o amplitude_n this_o part_n of_o the_o experiment_n therefore_o stand_v unshaken_a by_o the_o remark_n and_o therefore_o sure_o the_o experiment_n itself_o nor_o the_o collection_n thereupon_o make_v by_o the_o remark_n give_v little_a countenance_n to_o the_o magnify_a demonstration_n mention_v in_o the_o remark_n but_o conclude_v effectual_o against_o it_o indeed_o as_o to_o the_o second_o instance_n or_o trial_n which_o i_o call_v the_o double_a trial_n pag._n 66._o it_o have_v reasonable_o give_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o exception_n yet_o not_o without_o some_o mistake_n in_o the_o remark_n because_o it_o be_v try_v when_o two_o inch_n and_o more_o of_o the_o mercury_n be_v first_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o siphon_n by_o the_o water_n pour_v into_o the_o long_a leg_n and_o therefore_o i_o lay_v no_o weight_n upon_o it_o yet_o even_o there_o there_o be_v a_o disparity_n in_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o solute_a and_o enclose_a water_n there_o be_v a_o great_a height_n of_o water_n press_v upon_o the_o mercury_n in_o the_o short_a leg_n than_o in_o the_o long_o but_o because_o this_o second_o trial_n be_v less_o evident_a i_o lay_v it_o aside_o yet_o howsoever_o this_o do_v not_o impeach_v the_o former_a trial_n nor_o the_o conclusion_n which_o i_o lay_v upon_o it_o viz._n that_o the_o force_n of_o the_o same_o column_n of_o water_n contract_v in_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o siphon_n and_o have_v no_o other_o base_a but_o the_o mercury_n itself_o be_v of_o great_a force_n than_o the_o like_a column_n of_o solute_a water_n in_o the_o open_a vessel_n impend_v upon_o the_o short_a leg_n especial_o since_o in_o the_o one_o case_n and_o the_o other_o the_o open_a air_n give_v the_o most_o fair_a trial_n to_o the_o energy_n of_o both_o and_o therefore_o the_o disparity_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o enclose_a and_o solute_a water_n which_o the_o remarker_n be_v pleasant_o dispose_v to_o call_v the_o masonry_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o hereby_o impeach_v nor_o the_o notable_a demonstration_n in_o the_o enchiridion_n metaphysicum_fw-la by_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n any_o way_n relieve_v and_o for_o evidence_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o pressure_n of_o water_n secundum_fw-la altitudinem_fw-la and_o not_o secundum_fw-la amplitudinem_fw-la and_o also_o the_o disparity_n of_o pressure_n of_o solute_a water_n and_o water_n under_o a_o constriction_n to_o a_o narrow_a basis_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o if_o a_o tube_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n diameter_n and_o 4_o foot_n high_a
the_o 15_o the_o remark_n will_v come_v to_o be_v consider_v hereafter_o remark_n xvi_o exception_n be_v take_v because_o i_o say_v regular_o bodily_a effect_n be_v wrought_v by_o contact_n of_o some_o active_a body_n upon_o the_o patient_n the_o remarker_n may_v if_o he_o have_v please_v have_v take_v notice_n that_o i_o often_o say_v in_o bodily_a motion_n some_o thing_n act_v from_o a_o inward_a active_a principle_n inherent_a in_o they_o as_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n other_o thing_n there_o be_v that_o be_v move_v by_o a_o external_a or_o foreign_a active_a principle_n or_o at_o least_o some_o other_o body_n put_v into_o motion_n as_o in_o a_o clock_n the_o descent_n of_o the_o weight_n of_o lead_n be_v ab_fw-la intrinseco_fw-la principio_fw-la and_o not_o by_o any_o contact_n but_o the_o turn_n about_o of_o the_o wheel_n of_o the_o clock_n be_v by_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o line_n to_o the_o weight_n and_o its_o circumvolution_n about_o the_o wheel_n per_fw-la contactum_fw-la to_o the_o former_a i_o never_o apply_v this_o axiom_n as_o he_o call_v it_o as_o he_o himself_o after_o in_o his_o 37_o the_o remark_n fair_o confess_v this_o active_a intrinsic_a principle_n i_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n alligate_v to_o heavy_a body_n and_o if_o he_o have_v call_v it_o a_o hylarchical_a principle_n i_o shall_v not_o have_v contend_v with_o he_o about_o the_o word_n but_o in_o these_o motion_n ab_fw-la extrinseco_fw-la i_o dare_v think_v at_o least_o he_o will_v not_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v regular_o true_a remark_n xvii_o xviii_o xix_o xx._n there_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n in_o these_o but_o only_o touch_v the_o porosity_n of_o glass_n and_o the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o transition_n of_o the_o materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la through_o it_o by_o the_o renitence_n of_o the_o air_n upon_o which_o little_o more_o need_n to_o be_v say_v than_o what_o occur_v before_o only_o where_o the_o remarker_n subjoin_v that_o upon_o the_o gentle_a gradual_a incline_v of_o the_o tube_n of_o mercury_n yet_o when_o it_o come_v to_o a_o erect_a posture_n the_o mercury_n subside_v to_o 29_o inch_n be_v a_o argument_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o effluvia_fw-la from_o the_o mercury_n to_o supply_v the_o derelicted_a space_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n this_o though_o often_o repeat_v by_o he_o in_o the_o subsequent_a remark_n seem_v to_o be_v no_o objection_n for_o whether_o the_o subside_v be_v more_o gradual_a or_o more_o sudden_a the_o compression_n of_o the_o mercurial_a part_n and_o traction_n upon_o they_o be_v equal_a when_o it_o attain_v its_o perpendicular_a pressure_n as_o to_o use_v my_o old_a comparison_n if_o a_o man_n strain_v a_o lutestring_n from_o a_o low_a to_o a_o high_a note_n suppose_v from_o a_o eight_o to_o a_o three_o if_o he_o do_v it_o rapid_o he_o shall_v indeed_o endanger_v the_o lutestring_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v wind_v up_o swift_a or_o slow_a the_o tension_n of_o the_o lutestring_n be_v the_o same_o at_o a_o equal_a height_n in_o both_o motion_n of_o the_o pin_n indeed_o while_o the_o inclination_n continue_v the_o pressure_n and_o gravitation_n of_o the_o mercury_n upon_o itself_o be_v less_o and_o consequent_o the_o tension_n weak_a and_o therefore_o the_o portion_n of_o effluvia_fw-la send_v or_o draw_v out_o in_o that_o posture_n be_v less_o but_o when_o it_o come_v to_o a_o erect_v perpendicular_a posture_n the_o pressure_n and_o gravitation_n and_o traction_n and_o tension_n be_v equal_a whether_o that_o posture_n be_v attain_v sudden_o or_o more_o leisurely_o as_o to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o tube_n or_o its_o capacity_n in_o the_o top_n to_o receive_v more_o mercury_n as_o i_o have_v make_v the_o objection_n so_o the_o answer_n that_o i_o give_v that_o the_o more_o mercury_n descend_v the_o more_o effluvia_fw-la be_v emit_v seem_v to_o i_o a_o sufficient_a answer_n whether_o the_o tube_n be_v leisurely_o or_o sudden_o bring_v to_o a_o vertical_a posture_n remark_n xxi_o xxii_o xxiii_o xxiv_o xxv_o xxvi_o xxvii_o there_o be_v in_o these_o remark_n no_o difference_n between_o we_o for_o it_o seem_v i_o write_v herein_o according_a to_o his_o sense_n only_o in_o the_o solution_n by_o i_o give_v by_o tension_n and_o rarefaction_n and_o attraction_n thereby_o wrought_v it_o agree_v not_o to_o his_o judgement_n as_o contradict_v the_o instance_n of_o the_o sustain_n of_o the_o embolus_fw-la of_o the_o air-pump_n upon_o which_o the_o enchiridion_n lay_v great_a stress_n to_o prove_v a_o hylarchical_a principle_n therefore_o most_o of_o the_o ensue_a remark_n be_v level_v against_o that_o solution_n remark_n xxviii_o xxix_o xxx_o xxxi_o touch_v the_o various_a position_n of_o the_o mercury_n upon_o the_o top_n and_o bottom_n of_o a_o hill_n i_o need_v not_o say_v more_o than_o what_o be_v say_v in_o my_o 14_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o nugae_fw-la and_o therefore_o i_o spare_v repetition_n touch_v the_o reason_n assign_v by_o the_o remark_n of_o the_o swell_a of_o a_o bladder_n and_o the_o raise_n of_o bubble_n out_o of_o water_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o air-pump_n by_o i_o attribute_v to_o tension_n and_o attraction_n thereby_o wrought_v but_o by_o the_o remarker_n to_o a_o tumultuary_a agitation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o water_n etc._n etc._n as_o he_o be_v little_o satisfy_v with_o my_o explication_n so_o i_o be_o as_o little_a satisfy_v with_o he_o both_o indeed_o produce_v a_o agitation_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n but_o that_o which_o i_o assign_v be_v regular_a orderly_a and_o suitable_a to_o the_o effect_n produce_v but_o the_o tumultuary_a agitation_n of_o the_o remarker_n be_v confuse_v irregular_a and_o unproductive_a of_o such_o regular_a motion_n and_o beside_o be_v unevident_a and_o contradict_v by_o phaenomena_n of_o like_a nature_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v plain_o in_o the_o magdeburgh_n hemisphere_n the_o ludicrous_a instance_n as_o i_o call_v it_o of_o the_o attraction_n of_o tobacco_n through_o water_n be_v proper_o bring_v in_o by_o i_o in_o this_o place_n to_o show_v that_o in_o many_o instance_n attraction_n may_v be_v make_v through_o water_n which_o be_v seasonable_a in_o that_o place_n and_o proper_a enough_o remark_n xxxii_o xxxiii_o in_o these_o two_o remark_n the_o remarker_n endeavour_v to_o show_v 1._o the_o groundlessness_n of_o the_o solution_n offer_v by_o i_o to_o the_o torricellian_a phaenomena_n and_o 2._o it_o be_v repugnancy_n the_o former_a he_o say_v he_o have_v show_v in_o remark_n 32._o but_o all_o that_o be_v do_v to_o show_v it_o be_v to_o substitute_v certain_a inevident_a and_o i_o think_v mistake_a supposition_n as_o 1._o the_o perviousness_n of_o glass_n to_o the_o subtle_a aerial_a particle_n this_o indeed_o he_o have_v often_o say_v but_o no_o where_o prove_v and_o if_o it_o be_v admit_v will_v not_o only_o perfect_o destroy_v the_o apparent_a phaenomena_n in_o that_o instrument_n but_o will_v utter_o confound_v his_o answer_n to_o the_o resiliency_n of_o the_o mercury_n upon_o a_o sudden_a lift_v up_o and_o separation_n of_o the_o tube_n from_o the_o restagnant_fw-la mercury_n for_o what_o need_v such_o a_o violent_a resilition_n where_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tube_n admit_v the_o subtle_a aerial_a particle_n to_o pervade_v the_o glass_n 2._o the_o gentle_a incline_n of_o the_o tube_n to_o prevent_v the_o tumultuary_a agitation_n of_o the_o mercury_n but_o what_o i_o have_v show_v in_o my_o observation_n upon_o remark_n 17_o etc._n etc._n i_o think_v sufficient_o discover_v the_o impotence_n of_o this_o objection_n 3._o the_o gravitation_n upward_o by_o a_o circle_n of_o motion_n be_v utter_o unapt_a to_o salve_v the_o resilition_n for_o that_o circulation_n can_v be_v but_o a_o slow_a gentle_a motion_n and_o can_v possible_o have_v so_o rapid_a a_o motion_n by_o the_o imaginary_a straightness_n of_o the_o channel_n as_o we_o may_v suppose_v in_o the_o straits_n in_o the_o sea_n upon_o which_o the_o ocean_n press_v but_o this_o neither_o can_v nor_o need_n receive_v a_o great_a portion_n of_o subtle_a air_n to_o relieve_v it_o than_o possible_o 2_o inch_n in_o height_n and_o the_o 8_o the_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n in_o diameter_n where_o the_o amplitude_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v no_o great_a as_o to_o the_o second_o namely_o the_o repugnancy_n which_o be_v assign_v 1._o in_o that_o i_o deny_v a_o vacuum_n which_o he_o say_v can_v be_v by_o another_o way_n prevent_v but_o by_o the_o transition_n of_o the_o subtle_a particle_n of_o air_n through_o the_o glass_n but_o such_o a_o course_n of_o argumentation_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o kin_n to_o that_o which_o be_v call_v petitio_fw-la principii_fw-la he_o know_v i_o assign_v another_o cause_n though_o he_o dispute_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o then_o he_o proceed_v to_o the_o leisurely_o incline_v of_o the_o tube_n which_o i_o confess_v be_v often_o repeat_v but_o i_o think_v need_v not_o be_v more_o
be_v nothing_o in_o nature_n or_o reason_n that_o prohibit_v a_o successive_a penetration_n of_o material_a substance_n under_o such_o a_o mutation_n of_o texture_n and_o actual_a dimension_n so_o that_o one_o and_o the_o very_a same_o numerical_a portion_n of_o matter_n that_o this_o moment_n be_v under_o a_o texture_n accommodate_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o most_o subtle_a air_n be_v condense_v into_o a_o degree_n of_o air_n less_o subtle_a or_o condense_v into_o water_n its_o part_n will_v be_v constipate_v and_o contract_v into_o a_o close_a posture_n and_o take_v up_o less_o space_n according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o its_o condensation_n which_o contraction_n or_o constipation_n of_o its_o part_n may_v not_o improper_o be_v call_v penetration_n of_o material_a substance_n but_o be_v not_o proper_o a_o penetration_n of_o body_n or_o extension_n actual_o determine_v and_o remain_v unaltered_a in_o its_o texture_n and_o this_o give_v the_o difference_n between_o 1._o penetration_n of_o actual_a dimension_n and_o 2._o penetration_n of_o body_n 3._o penetration_n of_o material_a substance_n the_o two_o former_a be_v impossible_a without_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o dimension_n or_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n the_o three_o be_v not_o only_o possible_a but_o necessary_a and_o necessary_o consequential_a upon_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n into_o a_o more_o rare_a or_o dense_a consistency_n and_o the_o evidence_n of_o the_o truth_n hereof_o be_v because_o the_o same_o numerical_a portion_n of_o substance_n material_a in_o a_o state_n of_o rarity_n be_v as_o commensurate_a to_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o space_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o its_o external_a superficies_n and_o have_v as_o perfect_a and_o undivided_a continuation_n of_o its_o part_n one_o to_o another_o as_o when_o it_o be_v condense_v into_o a_o consistence_n that_o bear_v not_o the_o 100_o the_o part_n or_o 1000_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o superficial_a dimension_n for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o conceive_v but_o that_o in_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o air_n and_o aether_n for_o one_o portion_n of_o material_a substance_n there_o must_v be_v 1000_o portion_n of_o empty_a space_n or_o nothing_o which_o be_v against_o nature_n and_o this_o sentiment_n though_o not_o wary_o enough_o examine_v and_o consider_v by_o some_o philosophical_a head_n have_v make_v they_o run_v on_o with_o one_o common_a cry_n against_o all_o penetration_n of_o material_a substance_n under_o the_o name_n of_o penetration_n of_o body_n and_o extension_n as_o a_o great_a absurdity_n but_o of_o latter_a time_n some_o more_o considerate_a and_o inquisitive_a person_n have_v search_v more_o free_o and_o impartial_o into_o this_o business_n and_o though_o they_o do_v reject_v that_o impossible_a and_o contradictory_n penetration_n of_o body_n and_o actual_a extension_n or_o dimension_n remain_v unaltered_a in_o the_o sense_n before_o give_v yet_o do_v not_o only_o allow_v as_o possible_a but_o also_o assert_v as_o natural_a and_o necessary_a penetration_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o same_o individual_a portion_n of_o material_a substance_n consist_v in_o a_o state_n of_o union_n and_o under_o a_o alteration_n of_o texture_n and_o consequent_o a_o change_n of_o extension_n as_o any_o man_n may_v see_v in_o the_o learned_a treatise_n of_o body_n of_o sir_n k._n digby_n pag._n the_o large_a dispute_n of_o guarinus_fw-la guarini_n disputatione_n 4to_fw-mi expensione_n 2._o de_fw-fr rarefactione_fw-la &_o condensatione_fw-la and_o our_o learned_a countryman_n dr._n glisson_n in_o his_o tractate_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la substantiae_fw-la energetica_fw-la cap._n 27_o 28._o wherein_o among_o other_o clear_a explication_n of_o this_o matter_n of_o penetrability_n of_o material_a substance_n he_o have_v these_o passage_n namely_o the_o prejudice_n that_o man_n have_v take_v up_o against_o penetrability_n of_o matter_n be_v quod_fw-la ab_fw-la incunte_n aetate_fw-la consuevimus_fw-la cogitare_fw-la &_o dicere_fw-la non_fw-la dari_fw-la penetrationem_fw-la corporum_fw-la aut_fw-la dimensionum_fw-la quodque_fw-la simul_fw-la pro_fw-la concesso_fw-la habuimus_fw-la penetrationem_fw-la corporum_fw-la &_o substantiarum_fw-la idem_fw-la sonare_fw-la again_o impossibile_fw-it est_fw-la ut_fw-la manente_fw-la eadem_fw-la extensione_n mutetur_fw-la densitas_fw-la aut_fw-la ut_fw-la hac_fw-la mutata_fw-la illa_fw-la non_fw-la mutetur_fw-la mutata_fw-la dimensione_n ut_fw-la in_o condensatione_fw-la materia_fw-la part_n aliquas_fw-la svi_fw-la quasi_fw-la absorbet_fw-la in_o seipsam_fw-la and_o again_o sola_fw-la terminata_fw-la extensio_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la materiam_fw-la durante_fw-la eadem_fw-la terminatione_fw-la &_o non_fw-la diutius_fw-la impenetrabilem_fw-la prâ—stat_fw-la neither_o be_v this_o any_o novel_a doctrine_n but_o the_o very_a natural_a sense_n of_o aristotle_n in_o 4_o to_o physicorum_n cap._n 9_o before_o cite_a and_o those_o expression_n of_o the_o potentiality_n of_o the_o very_a same_o portion_n of_o matter_n to_o become_v rare_a or_o dense_a and_o thereby_o the_o extension_n alter_v without_o any_o diminution_n of_o its_o matter_n in_o condensation_n or_o acquisition_n of_o new_a matter_n in_o rarefaction_n though_o it_o mention_v not_o penetrability_n in_o express_a word_n yet_o assert_v the_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v above_o declare_v upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n therefore_o it_o seem_v 1._o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o a_o supposition_n of_o a_o penetration_n of_o dimension_n on_o condensation_n neither_o be_v it_o indeed_o possible_a where_o the_o dimension_n continue_v the_o same_o but_o will_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o contradiction_n and_o 2._o consequent_o where_o the_o dimension_n continue_v the_o same_o without_o alteration_n it_o be_v impossible_a there_o shall_v be_v a_o penetration_n of_o body_n or_o material_a substance_n remain_v under_o the_o same_o actual_a dimension_n unaltered_a 3._o but_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o possibility_n of_o the_o change_n of_o extension_n but_o the_o same_o will_v necessary_o follow_v upon_o the_o change_n of_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n or_o matter_n under_o such_o extension_n and_o 4._o consequent_o the_o extension_n there_o remain_v not_o the_o same_o but_o be_v change_v and_o 5._o under_o such_o a_o change_n of_o dimension_n or_o extension_n or_o together_o with_o it_o there_o may_v be_v and_o will_v follow_v that_o which_o be_v call_v a_o penetration_n of_o matter_n or_o material_a substance_n for_o that_o which_o be_v the_o impediment_n thereof_o namely_o the_o actual_a extension_n or_o dimension_n be_v not_o only_o changeable_a but_o now_o change_v and_o 6._o therefore_o it_o seem_v no_o absurdity_n in_o nature_n or_o reason_n to_o suppose_v such_o a_o penetration_n of_o material_a substance_n in_o the_o case_n of_o condensation_n and_o be_v the_o most_o reasonable_a solution_n of_o it_o and_o thus_o i_o have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o what_o seem_v probable_a to_o i_o touch_v this_o dark_a and_o intricate_a enquiry_n touch_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v be_v the_o long_o in_o it_o because_o i_o will_v be_v understand_v and_o because_o in_o the_o ensue_a remark_n it_o be_v often_o urge_v against_o the_o solution_n offer_v of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o torricellian_a experiment_n and_o i_o shall_v remit_v the_o answer_n of_o the_o remark_n of_o that_o kind_n to_o this_o preliminary_a discourse_n which_o though_o possible_o it_o may_v not_o satisfy_v every_o reader_n yet_o it_o will_v at_o least_o render_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o objection_n make_v upon_o these_o obscure_a and_o intricate_a supposition_n of_o impenetrability_n of_o material_a substance_n be_v not_o so_o effectual_a nor_o indeed_o proper_a to_o evince_v or_o prove_v unless_o we_o have_v a_o clear_a discovery_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o affection_n of_o body_n than_o we_o have_v yet_o attain_v and_o therefore_o objection_n make_v from_o this_o topique_n lose_v their_o use_n in_o as_o much_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v more_o obscure_a than_o the_o very_a thing_n contend_v about_o and_o now_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o remark_n themselves_o remark_n upon_o the_o essay_n touch_v gravitation_n of_o fluids_n remark_n i._o upon_o the_o second_o chapter_n this_o remark_n fierce_o and_o in_o the_o first_o greeting_n charge_v the_o second_o chapter_n of_o the_o essay_n with_o contradiction_n in_o that_o in_o some_o place_n thereof_o it_o be_v say_v that_o gravity_n be_v a_o quality_n whereby_o heavy_a body_n tend_v to_o the_o centre_n and_o yet_o in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v say_v that_o gravitation_n be_v but_o nisus_n or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la and_o therefore_o that_o it_o be_v not_o improper_a to_o say_v that_o body_n that_o have_v a_o nisus_n or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la verticalem_fw-la do_v gravitate_fw-la upward_o which_o the_o remarker_n think_v to_o have_v be_v more_o proper_o express_v by_o levitation_n and_o to_o call_v it_o gravitation_n be_v repugnant_a and_o contradictory_n to_o what_o be_v say_v of_o the_o quality_n of_o gravity_n but_o to_o avoid_v a_o frivolous_a contention_n of_o word_n it_o may_v have_v be_v fair_o and_o
easy_o observe_v that_o in_o truth_n all_o kind_n of_o gravitation_n be_v but_o motion_n or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la but_o in_o that_o conatus_fw-la or_o nisus_n ad_fw-la motum_fw-la we_o be_v necessary_o to_o consider_v two_o thing_n 1._o the_o principium_fw-la motivum_fw-la 2._o the_o terminus_n motus_fw-la or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la the_o principium_fw-la motivum_fw-la may_v be_v various_a and_o tend_v to_o various_a termination_n it_o may_v be_v extrinsical_a and_o accidental_a as_o when_o i_o throw_v a_o stone_n into_o a_o bucket_n of_o water_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n be_v thereby_o cause_v upward_o and_o raise_v its_o superficies_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n upward_o be_v not_o altogether_o improper_o call_v gravitation_n upward_o come_v from_o a_o external_a force_n again_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o motion_n or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la may_v be_v intrinsic_a and_o from_o that_o intrinsic_a principle_n may_v have_v a_o motion_n or_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la downward_o which_o i_o call_v the_o intrinsic_a quality_n of_o gravity_n this_o intrinsic_a quality_n govern_v and_o incline_v the_o motion_n and_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la to_o a_o central_a termination_n when_o it_o have_v no_o collateral_a impediment_n any_o man_n with_o half_a a_o eye_n may_v see_v here_o be_v a_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la of_o the_o heavy_a body_n to_o a_o central_a motion_n which_o be_v its_o gravitation_n and_o yet_o the_o principle_n that_o impress_v this_o kind_n of_o termination_n of_o its_o motion_n be_v that_o which_o i_o call_v and_o call_v true_o the_o quality_n of_o gravity_n in_o the_o heavy_a body_n in_o the_o very_a instance_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o water_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n specifical_o light_a than_o water_n we_o may_v observe_v both_o these_o gravitation_n or_o motion_n the_o water_n press_v downward_o from_o its_o intrinsical_a principle_n or_o quality_n of_o gravity_n and_o thereby_o undermine_v and_o get_v below_o the_o rundle_n and_o then_o by_o a_o relative_a occasional_a or_o accidental_a motion_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n it_o press_v upward_o and_o drive_v up_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n with_o a_o force_n and_o kind_n of_o gravitation_n or_o motion_n upward_o to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o water_n have_v these_o various_a termination_n one_o downward_o from_o its_o own_o intrinsic_a quality_n of_o gravity_n though_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o be_v suspend_v till_o it_o find_v a_o light_a body_n within_o its_o dimension_n to_o exert_v it_o the_o other_o upward_a in_o relation_n to_o the_o rundle_n of_o wood_n which_o by_o circumpulsion_n it_o drive_v upward_o and_o therefore_o the_o kind_a consequence_n that_o i_o hold_v there_o be_v nothing_o but_o mobility_n in_o body_n and_o that_o i_o use_v the_o phrase_n of_o gravity_n according_a to_o the_o vulgar_a acceptation_n and_o as_o idolum_fw-la fori_fw-la or_o that_o the_o actual_a descent_n of_o water_n or_o other_o heavy_a body_n be_v from_o a_o distinct_a be_v as_o be_v infer_v in_o the_o first_o second_o and_o six_o section_n of_o that_o chapter_n be_v but_o mistake_v collection_n and_o have_v no_o concession_n from_o i_o or_o any_o thing_n i_o have_v therein_o assert_v nor_o be_v at_o all_o true_a as_o i_o think_v as_o to_o the_o 4_o the_o and_o 5_o the_o illation_n in_o that_o remark_n where_o it_o be_v say_v the_o water_n have_v no_o nisus_n ad_fw-la motum_fw-la upward_o into_o the_o tube_n immerse_v and_o stop_v at_o the_o low_a end_n till_o open_v that_o in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o enquiry_n will_v appear_v not_o to_o be_v altogether_o true_a but_o if_o it_o be_v never_o so_o true_a yet_o it_o impugn_v not_o what_o be_v above_o by_o i_o deliver_v for_o the_o water_n be_v drive_v up_o into_o the_o tube_n by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bucket_n upon_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n fill_v only_o with_o air_n and_o so_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o water_n into_o the_o tube_n be_v by_o the_o pressure_n of_o a_o accidental_a position_n and_o the_o fluidity_n of_o the_o ascend_a water_n meet_v with_o a_o element_n in_o the_o tube_n light_a than_o the_o water_n we_o see_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o scale_n a_o weight_n of_o two_o pound_n in_o one_o scale_n make_v the_o weight_n of_o one_o pound_n in_o the_o other_o scale_n to_o ascend_v though_o both_o be_v heavy_a body_n and_o this_o by_o mechanic_n and_o statique_a principle_n so_o in_o the_o siphon_n a_o b_o water_n pour_v into_o the_o leg_n a_o raise_v the_o water_n in_o the_o other_o leg_n to_o a_o equal_a superficies_n upon_o necessary_a statique_a ground_n without_o call_v in_o any_o subsidiary_a spirit_n of_o nature_n to_o effect_v the_o ascent_n for_o rhe_n siphon_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o natural_a libra_n and_o so_o when_o the_o tube_n stop_v with_o the_o finger_n beneath_o be_v immerse_v into_o a_o bucket_n of_o water_n and_o then_o open_v the_o circumjacent_a water_n be_v both_o fluid_a and_o heavy_a be_v drive_v up_o into_o the_o vacant_a tube_n till_o it_o come_v to_o a_o equal_a superficies_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o bucket_n by_o a_o kind_n of_o due_a equipondium_fw-la and_o all_o this_o be_v most_o regular_o and_o necessary_o effect_v according_a to_o the_o common_a mechanism_n of_o statique_a principle_n without_o any_o help_n from_o the_o suppose_a spirit_n of_o nature_n to_o fetch_v out_o the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o tube_n or_o to_o raise_v the_o water_n into_o it_o there_o be_v many_o accidental_a cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o water_n vertical_o upward_a which_o yet_o consist_v with_o its_o intrinsical_a principle_n or_o quality_n which_o i_o call_v gravity_n or_o conatus_fw-la to_o a_o central_a motion_n for_o instance_n 1._o it_o be_v move_v upward_o by_o cast_v into_o it_o a_o heavy_a body_n which_o take_v up_o some_o of_o its_o room_n as_o throw_v a_o stone_n into_o a_o bucket_n of_o water_n 2._o it_o be_v move_v upward_o by_o attraction_n as_o in_o pump_n and_o syringe_n 3._o it_o be_v move_v upward_o when_o within_o its_o own_o dimension_n it_o meet_v with_o a_o light_a body_n than_o itself_o as_o in_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o tube_n of_o air_n immerse_v and_o then_o unstop_v at_o the_o bottom_n or_o where_o a_o rundle_n of_o light_a wood_n be_v immerse_v in_o it_o it_o be_v apparent_a the_o water_n raise_v it_o and_o cast_v it_o to_o the_o superficies_n with_o a_o kind_n of_o force_n so_o that_o it_o will_v leap_v above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n when_o it_o come_v thither_o but_o these_o accidental_a vertical_a motion_n do_v not_o at_o all_o take_v away_o the_o intrinsic_a principle_n of_o its_o gravity_n but_o consist_v with_o it_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o contradiction_n to_o say_v that_o gravitation_n be_v but_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la be_v the_o motion_n lateral_a or_o vertical_a or_o central_a and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o say_v that_o gravity_n be_v a_o quality_n in_o heavy_a body_n that_o specificate_v and_o determine_v their_o conatus_fw-la ad_fw-la motum_fw-la to_o be_v central_a or_o perpendicular_a remark_n ii_o descent_n of_o body_n this_o remark_n will_v sure_o have_v have_v be_v spare_v if_o the_o author_n have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v read_v the_o next_o page_n where_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o water_n pour_v through_o the_o air_n have_v a_o direct_a central_a direction_n and_o gravitation_n pag._n 14._o of_o the_o essay_n remark_n iii_o touch_v the_o gravitation_n of_o part_n of_o solid_a body_n one_o upon_o another_o that_o every_o part_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n have_v its_o common_a quality_n of_o heaviness_n and_o will_v in_o a_o state_n of_o separation_n descend_v and_o that_o every_o part_n contribute_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v no_o where_o question_v only_o when_o the_o body_n be_v in_o continuity_n and_o of_o a_o equal_a consistence_n that_o there_o be_v a_o suspension_n of_o actual_a gravitation_n of_o one_o part_n upon_o another_o be_v that_o which_o be_v affirm_v but_o where_o they_o be_v of_o different_a consistency_n there_o many_o time_n happen_v actual_a and_o sensible_a gravitation_n of_o one_o part_n of_o a_o solid_a body_n upon_o another_o this_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o nugae_fw-la pag._n 1._o and_o have_v it_o be_v observe_v the_o remark_n i_o suppose_v will_v have_v be_v spare_v remark_n iv_o five_o vi_o vii_o upon_o the_o four_o chapter_n for_o the_o render_v my_o thought_n more_o intelligible_a touch_v gravitation_n of_o fluids_n and_o to_o make_v my_o approach_n to_o it_o the_o more_o easy_a and_o fair_a i_o give_v in_o that_o chapter_n instance_n of_o solute_a solid_a body_n and_o how_o the_o pressure_n of_o their_o part_n be_v refract_v i_o