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that_o the_o sacrifice_n be_v offer_v up_o in_o honour_n to_o the_o saint_n and_o it_o be_v pray_v that_o it_o may_v become_v the_o more_o valuable_a and_o acceptable_a by_o the_o merit_n and_o intercession_n of_o the_o saint_n now_o when_o a_o practice_n will_v well_o agree_v with_o one_o opinion_n but_o not_o at_o all_o with_o another_o we_o have_v all_o possible_a reason_n to_o presume_v at_o least_o that_o at_o first_o it_o come_v in_o under_o that_o opinion_n with_o which_o it_o will_v agree_v and_o not_o under_o another_o which_o can_v consist_v with_o it_o our_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o sacrament_n be_v a_o federal_a act_n of_o our_o christianity_n in_o which_o we_o offer_v up_o our_o high_a devotion_n to_o god_n through_o christ_n and_o receive_v the_o large_a return_v from_o he_o it_o be_v indeed_o a_o superstitious_a conceit_n to_o celebrate_v this_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o a_o saint_n but_o howsoever_o upon_o the_o supposition_n of_o saint_n hear_v our_o prayer_n and_o 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body_n to_o the_o bread_n origen_n say_v we_o eat_v of_o the_o loaf_n that_o be_v set_v before_o we_o celsum_fw-la lib._n 8._o contâ—a_fw-la celsum_fw-la which_o by_o prayer_n be_v become_v a_o certain_a holy_a body_n that_o sanctify_v those_o who_o use_v they_o with_o a_o sound_a purpose_n st._n cyprian_n say_v christ_n call_v the_o bread_n that_o be_v compound_v of_o many_o grain_n 63._o ep._n â—6_n ep._n 63._o his_o body_n and_o the_o wine_n that_o be_v press_v out_o of_o many_o grape_n his_o blood_n to_o show_v the_o union_n of_o his_o people_n and_o in_o another_o place_n write_v against_o those_o who_o use_v only_a water_n but_o no_o wine_n in_o the_o eucharist_n he_o say_v we_o can_v see_v the_o blood_n by_o which_o we_o be_v redeem_a when_o wine_n be_v not_o in_o the_o chalice_n by_o which_o the_o blood_n of_o christ_n be_v show_v epiphanius_n be_v to_o prove_v that_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v after_o the_o image_n of_o god_n though_o he_o be_v not_o like_o he_o urge_v this_o anchoreto_o in_o anchoreto_o that_o the_o bread_n be_v not_o like_o christ_n neither_o in_o his_o invisible_a deity_n nor_o in_o his_o incarnate_a likeness_n for_o it_o be_v round_o and_o without_o feel_v as_o to_o its_o virtue_n gregory_n nyssen_n say_v the_o bread_n in_o the_o beginning_n be_v common_a christi_fw-la in_o orat_fw-la de_fw-fr baptis_fw-la christi_fw-la but_o after_o the_o mystery_n have_v consecrate_v it_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v and_o be_v the_o body_n of_o christ_n to_o this_o he_o compare_v the_o sanctification_n of_o the_o mystical_a oil_n of_o the_o water_n in_o baptism_n and_o the_o stone_n of_o a_o altar_n or_o church_n dedicate_v to_o god_n st._n ambrose_n call_v it_o still_o bread_n cor._n de_fw-fr benedict_n patriarch_n c._n 9_o hom._n 24._o in_o ep._n ad_fw-la cor._n and_o say_v this_o bread_n be_v make_v of_o the_o food_n of_o the_o saint_n st._n chrysostom_n on_o these_o word_n the_o bread_n that_o we_o break_v say_z what_o be_v the_o bread_n the_o body_n of_o christ_n what_o be_v they_o make_v to_o be_v who_o take_v it_o the_o body_n of_o christ._n which_o show_v that_o he_o consider_v the_o bread_n as_o be_v so_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n as_o the_o worthy_a receiver_n become_v his_o body_n which_o be_v do_v not_o by_o a_o change_n of_o substance_n but_o by_o a_o sanctification_n of_o their_o nature_n st._n jerom_n say_v christ_n take_v bread_n 26._o comm._n in_o st._n matth._n c._n 26._o that_o as_o melchisedeck_v have_v in_o the_o figure_n offer_v bread_n and_o wine_n he_o may_v also_o represent_v the_o truth_n that_o be_v in_o opposition_n to_o the_o figure_n of_o his_o body_n and_o blood_n st._n augustin_n do_v very_o large_o compare_v the_o sacrament_n be_v call_v the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o christ_n baptismo_fw-la cit._n apud_fw-la fulgent_n de_fw-fr baptismo_fw-la with_o those_o other_o place_n in_o which_o the_o church_n be_v call_v his_o body_n and_o all_o christian_n be_v his_o member_n which_o show_v that_o he_o think_v the_o one_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v mystical_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o he_o call_v the_o eucharist_n frequent_o our_o daily_a bread_n and_o the_o sacrament_n of_o bread_n and_o wine_n all_o these_o call_v the_o eucharist_n bread_n and_o wine_n in_o express_a word_n but_o when_o they_o call_v it_o christ_n body_n and_o blood_n they_o call_v it_o so_o after_o a_o sort_n or_o that_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v or_o with_o some_o other_o mollify_a expression_n st._n augustin_n say_v this_o plain_o 5._o aug._n ep._n 23._o add_v bonifac_o serm._n 2._o in_o psal._n 33._o chrys._n ep._n ad_fw-la caesâ—r_n &_o in_o coâ—ment_n in_o ep._n ad_fw-la gaâ—_n c._n 5._o after_o some_o sort_n the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o body_n of_o christ_n be_v his_o body_n and_o
doubt_v of_o the_o testimony_n of_o our_o sense_n another_o presumptive_a proof_n that_o the_o ancient_n know_v nothing_o of_o this_o doctrine_n be_v that_o the_o heathen_n and_o the_o jew_n who_o charge_v they_o and_o their_o doctrine_n with_o every_o thing_n that_o they_o can_v invent_v to_o make_v both_o it_o and_o they_o odious_a and_o ridiculous_a can_v never_o have_v pass_v over_o this_o in_o which_o both_o sense_n and_o reason_n seem_v to_o be_v so_o evident_o on_o their_o side_n they_o reproach_n the_o christian_n for_o believe_v a_o god_n that_o be_v bear_v a_o god_n of_o flesh_n that_o be_v crucify_v and_o bury_v they_o laugh_v at_o their_o belief_n of_o a_o judgement_n to_o come_v of_o endless_a flame_n of_o a_o heavenly_a paradise_n and_o of_o the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o body_n those_o who_o write_v the_o first_o apology_n for_o the_o christian_a religion_n justin_n martyr_n tertullian_n origen_n arnobius_n and_o minutius_n felix_n have_v give_v we_o a_o large_a account_n of_o the_o blasphemy_n both_o of_o jew_n and_o gentile_n against_o the_o doctrine_n of_o christianity_n cyril_n of_o alexandria_n have_v give_v we_o iulian_n objection_n in_o his_o own_o word_n who_o have_v be_v not_o only_o initiate_v into_o the_o christian_a religion_n but_o have_v read_v the_o scripture_n in_o the_o church_n and_o be_v a_o philosophical_a and_o inquisitive_a man_n must_v have_v be_v well_o instruct_v concern_v the_o doctrine_n and_o the_o sacrament_n of_o this_o religion_n and_o his_o relation_n to_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n must_v have_v make_v the_o christian_n concern_v to_o take_v more_o than_o ordinary_a pain_n on_o he_o when_o he_o make_v apostasy_n from_o the_o faith_n he_o reproach_v the_o christian_n with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o baptism_n and_o laugh_v at_o they_o for_o think_v that_o there_o be_v a_o ablution_n and_o sanctification_n in_o it_o conceive_v it_o a_o thing_n impossible_a that_o water_n shall_v wash_v or_o cleanse_v a_o soul_n yet_o neither_o he_o nor_o porphiry_n nor_o celsus_n before_o they_o do_v charge_v this_o religion_n with_o the_o absurdity_n of_o transubstantiation_n it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o believe_v that_o if_o the_o christian_n of_o that_o time_n have_v any_o such_o doctrine_n among_o they_o it_o must_v have_v be_v know_v every_o christian_a must_v have_v know_v in_o what_o sense_n those_o word_n this_o be_v be_v my_o body_n and_o this_o be_v my_o blood_n be_v understand_v among_o they_o all_o the_o apostate_n from_o christianity_n must_v have_v know_v it_o and_o must_v have_v publish_v it_o to_o excuse_v or_o hide_v the_o shame_n of_o their_o apostasy_n since_o apostate_n be_v apt_a to_o spread_v lie_v of_o they_o who_o they_o forsake_v but_o not_o to_o conceal_v such_o truth_n as_o be_v to_o their_o prejudice_n julian_n must_v have_v know_v it_o and_o if_o he_o have_v know_v it_o his_o judgement_n be_v too_o true_a and_o his_o malice_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n too_o quick_a to_o overlook_v or_o neglect_v the_o advantage_n which_o this_o part_n of_o their_o doctrine_n give_v he_o nor_o can_v this_o be_v carry_v off_o by_o say_v that_o the_o eat_n of_o human_a flesh_n and_o the_o thyestean_a supper_n which_o be_v object_v to_o the_o christian_n relate_v to_o this_o when_o the_o father_n answer_n that_o they_o tell_v the_o heathen_n that_o it_o be_v a_o downright_a calumny_n and_o lie_n and_o do_v not_o offer_v any_o explanation_n or_o distinction_n take_v from_o their_o doctrine_n of_o the_o sacrament_n to_o clear_v they_o from_o the_o mistake_n and_o malice_n of_o this_o calumny_n the_o truth_n be_v the_o execrable_a practice_n of_o the_o gnostic_n who_o be_v call_v christian_n give_v the_o rise_n to_o those_o as_o well_o as_o to_o many_o other_o calumny_n but_o they_o be_v not_o at_o all_o found_v on_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o eucharist_n which_o be_v never_o once_o mention_v as_o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o accusation_n another_o presumption_n from_o which_o we_o conclude_v that_o the_o ancient_n know_v nothing_o of_o this_o doctrine_n be_v that_o we_o find_v heresy_n and_o dispute_n arise_v concern_v all_o the_o other_o point_n of_o religion_n there_o be_v very_o few_o of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o not_o any_o of_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o faith_n that_o do_v not_o fall_v under_o great_a objection_n but_o there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o heresy_n raise_v upon_o this_o head_n man_n be_v never_o so_o meek_a and_o tame_a as_o easy_o to_o believe_v thing_n when_o there_o appear_v strong_a evidence_n or_o at_o least_o great_a presumption_n against_o they_o in_o these_o last_o eight_o or_o nine_o century_n since_o this_o doctrine_n be_v receive_v there_o have_v be_v a_o perpetual_a opposition_n make_v to_o it_o even_o in_o dark_a and_o unlearned_a age_n in_o which_o implicit_a faith_n and_o blind_a obedience_n have_v carry_v a_o great_a sway_n and_o though_o the_o secular_a arm_n have_v be_v employ_v with_o great_a and_o unrelenting_a severity_n to_o extirpate_v all_o that_o have_v oppose_v it_o yet_o all_o the_o while_n many_o have_v stand_v out_o against_o it_o and_o have_v suffer_v much_o and_o long_a for_o their_o reject_v it_o now_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o such_o a_o opposition_n shall_v have_v be_v make_v to_o this_o doctrine_n during_o the_o nine_o hundred_o year_n last_o pass_v and_o that_o for_o the_o former_a eight_o hundred_o year_n there_o shall_v have_v be_v no_o dispute_n at_o all_o concern_v it_o and_o that_o while_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v so_o much_o question_v that_o several_a father_n write_v and_o council_n be_v call_v to_o settle_v the_o belief_n of_o they_o yet_o that_o for_o about_o eight_o hundred_o year_n this_o be_v the_o single_a point_n that_o go_v down_o so_o easy_o that_o no_o treatise_n be_v all_o that_o while_o write_v to_o prove_v it_o nor_o council_n hold_v to_o establish_v it_o certain_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v much_o rather_o that_o since_o there_o have_v be_v contest_v upon_o this_o point_n these_o last_o nine_o age_n and_o that_o there_o be_v none_o the_o first_o eight_o this_o doctrine_n be_v not_o know_v during_o those_o first_o age_n and_o that_o the_o great_a silence_n about_o it_o for_o so_o long_a a_o time_n be_v a_o very_a strong_a presumption_n that_o in_o all_o that_o time_n this_o doctrine_n be_v not_o think_v of_o the_o last_o of_o those_o consideration_n that_o i_o shall_v offer_v which_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o presumptive_a proof_n be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o rite_n and_o other_o practice_n that_o have_v arisen_a out_o of_o this_o doctrine_n as_o its_o natural_a consequence_n which_o be_v not_o think_v of_o for_o a_o great_a many_o age_n but_o that_o have_v go_v on_o by_o a_o perpetual_a progress_n and_o have_v increase_v very_o fruitful_o ever_o since_o this_o doctrine_n be_v receive_v such_o be_v the_o elevation_n adoration_n and_o procession_n together_o with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o concomitance_n and_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o rite_n and_o rubric_n the_o first_o occasion_n and_o beginning_n of_o which_o be_v well_o know_v these_o do_v all_o arise_v from_o this_o doctrine_n it_o be_v natural_a especial_o in_o the_o age_n of_o ignorance_n and_o superstition_n for_o man_n upon_o the_o supposition_n of_o christ_n being_n corporal_o present_a to_o run_v out_o into_o all_o possible_a invention_n of_o pomp_n and_o magnificence_n about_o this_o sacrament_n and_o it_o be_v very_o reasonable_a to_o think_v that_o since_o these_o thing_n be_v of_o so_o late_a and_o so_o certain_a a_o date_n that_o the_o doctrine_n upon_o which_o they_o be_v found_v be_v not_o much_o ancient_a the_o great_a simplicity_n of_o the_o primitive_a form_n not_o only_o as_o they_o be_v report_v by_o justin_n martyr_n and_o tertullian_n in_o the_o age_n of_o the_o poverty_n and_o persecution_n of_o the_o church_n but_o as_o they_o be_v represent_v to_o we_o in_o the_o four_o and_o five_o century_n by_o cyril_n of_o jerusalem_n the_o constitution_n and_o the_o pretend_a areopagite_n have_v nothing_o of_o that_o air_n that_o appear_v in_o the_o latter_a age_n the_o sacrament_n be_v then_o give_v in_o both_o kind_n it_o be_v put_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o faithful_a they_o reserve_v some_o portion_n of_o it_o it_o be_v give_v to_o child_n for_o many_o age_n the_o laity_n and_o even_a boy_n be_v employ_v to_o carry_v it_o to_o die_a penitent_n what_o remain_v of_o it_o be_v burn_v in_o some_o place_n and_o consume_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o by_o child_n in_o other_o place_n the_o make_v cataplasm_n of_o it_o the_o mix_v the_o wine_n with_o ink_n to_o sign_v the_o condemnation_n of_o heretic_n be_v very_o clear_a presumption_n that_o this_o doctrine_n be_v not_o then_o know_v but_o above_o all_o their_z not_o adore_v the_o sacrament_n which_o
therein_o and_o be_v the_o lord_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v worship_v by_o man_n hand_n that_o be_v image_n make_v by_o they_o who_o need_v nothing_o since_o he_o give_v we_o life_n breath_n or_o the_o continuance_n of_o life_n and_o all_o thing_n he_o therefore_o condemn_v that_o way_n of_o worship_n as_o a_o effect_n of_o ignorance_n and_o tell_v they_o of_o a_o day_n in_o which_o god_n will_v judge_v the_o world_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o athenian_n at_o that_o time_n do_v not_o think_v their_o image_n be_v the_o proper_a resemblance_n of_o the_o divinity_n tully_n 27._o cic._n de_fw-fr nat._n deor._n l._n 1._o cap._n 27._o who_o know_v their_o theology_n well_o give_v we_o a_o very_a different_a account_n of_o the_o notion_n that_o they_o have_v of_o their_o image_n some_o image_n be_v of_o no_o figure_n at_o all_o but_o be_v only_a stone_n and_o pillar_n that_o have_v no_o particular_a shape_n other_o be_v hieroglyphic_n make_v up_o of_o many_o several_a emblem_n of_o which_o some_o signify_v one_o perfection_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o some_o another_o and_o other_o be_v indeed_o the_o figure_n of_o man_n and_o woman_n but_o even_o in_o these_o the_o wise_a among_o they_o say_v they_o worship_v one_o eternal_a mind_n and_o under_o he_o some_o inferior_a being_n demon_n and_o man_n who_o they_o believe_v be_v subordinate_a to_o god_n and_o govern_v this_o world_n so_o it_o can_v not_o be_v say_v of_o such_o worshipper_n that_o they_o think_v that_o the_o godhead_n be_v like_a unto_o their_o image_n since_o the_o best_a writer_n among_o they_o tell_v we_o plain_o that_o they_o think_v no_o such_o thing_n st._n paul_n therefore_o only_o argue_v in_o this_o against_o image-worship_n in_o itself_o which_o do_v natural_o lead_v man_n to_o these_o low_a thought_n of_o god_n and_o which_o be_v a_o very_a unreasonable_a thing_n in_o all_o those_o who_o do_v not_o think_v so_o of_o he_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o 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they_o their_o pattern_n he_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o epistle_n to_o they_o have_v still_o deep_a impression_n upon_o his_o spirit_n of_o what_o he_o have_v see_v and_o know_v at_o athens_n arraign_v the_o whole_a greek_a philosophy_n end_n rom._n 1.20_o to_o the_o end_n and_o special_o those_o among_o they_o who_o profess_v themselves_o wise_a but_o become_v fool_n who_o though_o they_o know_v god_n yet_o glorify_v he_o not_o as_o god_n nor_o be_v thankful_a but_o become_v vain_a in_o their_o imagination_n so_o that_o their_o foolish_a heart_n be_v darken_v they_o have_v high_a speculation_n of_o the_o unity_n and_o simplicity_n of_o the_o divine_a essence_n but_o they_o set_v themselves_o to_o find_v such_o excuse_n for_o the_o idolatry_n of_o the_o vulgar_a that_o they_o not_o only_o continue_v to_o comply_v with_o they_o in_o the_o gross_a of_o all_o their_o practice_n but_o they_o study_v more_o labour_v defence_n for_o they_o than_o the_o rude_a multitude_n can_v ever_o have_v fall_v upon_o they_o know_v the_o true_a god_n for_o god_n have_v show_v to_o they_o that_o which_o may_v be_v know_v of_o he_o but_o they_o hold_v the_o truth_n in_o unrighteousness_n and_o change_v the_o glory_n of_o the_o incorruptible_a god_n into_o a_o image_n make_v like_a to_o corruptible_a man_n and_o to_o bird_n and_o fourfooted_a beast_n and_o to_o creep_a thing_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o description_n of_o hieroglyphic_n figure_n the_o most_o excusable_a of_o all_o those_o image_n by_o which_o they_o represent_v the_o deity_n this_o st._n paul_n make_v to_o be_v the_o original_n of_o all_o the_o corruption_n and_o immorality_n that_o be_v spread_v over_o the_o gentile_a world_n which_o come_v in_o partly_o as_o the_o natural_a consequence_n of_o idolatry_n of_o its_o debase_v the_o idea_n of_o god_n and_o wound_v true_a religion_n and_o virtue_n in_o its_o source_n and_o first_o seed_n and_o partly_o as_o a_o effect_n of_o the_o just_a judgement_n of_o god_n upon_o those_o who_o thus_o dishonour_v he_o that_o be_v to_o a_o very_a monstrous_a degree_n spread_v over_o both_o greece_n and_o rome_n of_o these_o st._n paul_n give_v we_o some_o very_a enormous_a instance_n with_o a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o vice_n that_o spring_v from_o those_o vitiate_a principle_n these_o two_o passage_n the_o one_o of_o st._n paul_n preach_v and_o the_o other_o of_o his_o write_n be_v both_o apply_v to_o those_o who_o have_v the_o fine_a speculation_n among_o the_o heathen_a do_v evident_o demonstrate_v how_o contrary_a the_o christian_a doctrine_n be_v to_o the_o worship_v of_o image_n of_o all_o sort_n how_o specious_o soever_o that_o may_v be_v disguise_v if_o these_o thing_n want_v a_o explanation_n we_o find_v it_o give_v we_o very_o full_o in_o all_o the_o write_n of_o the_o father_n during_o their_o dispute_n with_o the_o heathen_n they_o do_v not_o only_o charge_v they_o with_o the_o false_a notion_n that_o they_o have_v of_o god_n the_o many_o deity_n they_o worship_v the_o absurd_a legend_n that_o they_o have_v concern_v they_o but_o in_o particular_a they_o dwell_v long_o upon_o this_o of_o the_o worship_a god_n in_o or_o by_o a_o image_n with_o argument_n take_v both_o from_o the_o pure_a and_o spiritual_a nature_n of_o god_n and_o from_o the_o plain_a revelation_n he_o make_v of_o his_o will_n in_o this_o matter_n upon_o this_o argument_n many_o long_a citation_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o justin_n martyr_n 1._o just._n mart._n apol._n 2._o clem._n alex._n strom._n l._n 1.5_o protr_n orig._n cont._n cels._n l._n 2.3.5.7_o tertull._n apol._n cypr._n the_o idol_n vanitate_fw-la arnob._n lib._n 5._o minut._n fellix_fw-la oct._n euseb._n praep_v evang._n l._n 3._o lactan._n l._n 2._o c._n 2._o ambros_n resp._n ad_fw-la sym._n august_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 7._o c._n 5._o orig._n con._n cels._n l._n 7._o euseb._n praep._n eu._n l._n 3._o c._n 7._o max._n tyr._n diss_fw-la 38._o jul._n frag._n ep._n euseb._n praep_v evan._n l._n 4._o c._n 1._o from_o clemens_n of_o alexandria_n origen_n tertullian_n cyprian_n arnobius_n minutius_n felix_n lactantius_n eusebius_n ambrose_n and_o st._n austin_n their_o reason_n be_v so_o clear_a and_o so_o full_a that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o they_o condemn_v all_o the_o use_n of_o image_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o yet_o both_o celsus_n porphiry_n maximus_n tyrius_n and_o julian_n tell_v they_o very_o plain_o that_o they_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o the_o godhead_n be_v like_o their_o image_n or_o be_v shut_v up_o within_o they_o they_o only_o use_v they_o as_o help_v to_o their_o imagination_n and_o apprehension_n that_o from_o thence_o they_o may_v form_v suitable_a thought_n of_o the_o deity_n this_o do_v not_o satisfy_v the_o father_n who_o insist_v on_o it_o to_o the_o last_o that_o all_o such_o image_n as_o be_v make_v the_o object_n of_o worship_n be_v idol_n so_o that_o if_o in_o any_o one_o thing_n we_o have_v a_o very_a full_a account_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n for_o the_o first_o four_o century_n it_o be_v in_o this_o matter_n they_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o it_o now_o and_o then_o only_o by_o the_o way_n as_o in_o a_o digression_n in_o which_o the_o heat_n of_o argument_n or_o of_o rhetoric_n may_v be_v apt_a to_o carry_v man_n too_o far_o they_o set_v themselves_o to_o treat_v of_o this_o argument_n very_o nice_o and_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o it_o with_o philosopher_n who_o be_v as_o good_a at_o subtlety_n and_o distinction_n as_o other_o men._n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o main_a part_n of_o the_o controversy_n so_o if_o in_o any_o head_n whatsoever_o they_o write_v exact_o upon_o those_o subject_n they_o attack_v the_o establish_a religion_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v with_o clamour_n nor_o
this_o be_v one_o that_o they_o come_v among_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o christian_n and_o do_v receive_v the_o bread_n but_o they_o will_v not_o take_v any_o wine_n this_o be_v mention_v by_o pope_n leo_n in_o the_o five_o century_n 2._o leo_fw-la serm._n 4._o in_o quadrag_n decret_n de_fw-fr consecr_n do_v 2._o upon_o which_o pope_n gelasius_n hear_v of_o it_o in_o his_o time_n appoint_v that_o all_o person_n shall_v either_o communicate_v in_o the_o sacrament_n entire_o or_o be_v entire_o exclude_v from_o it_o for_o that_o such_o a_o divide_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o sacrament_n may_v not_o be_v do_v without_o a_o heinous_a sacrilege_n in_o the_o seven_o century_n a_o practice_n be_v begin_v of_o dip_v the_o bread_n in_o the_o wine_n and_o so_o give_v both_o kind_n together_o this_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o council_n of_o bracara_n as_o plain_o contrary_a to_o the_o gospel_n christ_n give_v his_o body_n and_o blood_n to_o his_o apostle_n distinct_o the_o bread_n bâ—_n it_o sâ—lf_n 2._o decret_n de_fw-fr consecr_n do_v 2._o and_o the_o chalice_n by_o itself_o this_o be_v by_o a_o mistake_n of_o gratian_n put_v in_o thâ—_n canon-law_n as_o a_o decree_n of_o pope_n julius_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o egypt_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o be_v thus_o give_v first_o to_o the_o sick_a and_o to_o infant_n but_o though_o this_o get_v among_o many_o of_o the_o eastern_a church_n and_o be_v it_o seem_v practise_v in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o west_n yet_o in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n pope_n vrban_n in_o the_o council_n of_o clermont_n decree_v that_o none_o shall_v communicate_v without_o take_v the_o body_n apart_o 28._o council_n claramont_n can._n 28._o and_o the_o blood_n apart_o except_o upon_o necessity_n and_o with_o caution_n to_o which_o some_o copy_n add_v and_o thâ—t_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o heresy_n of_o berengarius_fw-la that_o be_v late_o condemn_v which_o say_v that_o the_o figure_n be_v complete_v by_o one_o of_o the_o kind_n we_o need_v not_o examine_v the_o importance_n or_o truth_n of_o these_o last_o word_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o we_o to_o observe_v the_o continue_a practice_n of_o communicate_v in_o both_o kind_n till_o the_o twelve_o century_n and_o even_o then_o when_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o corporal_a presence_n beget_v a_o superstition_n towards_o the_o element_n that_o have_v not_o be_v know_v in_o former_a age_n so_o that_o some_o drop_n stick_v to_o man_n beard_n and_o the_o spill_n some_o of_o it_o its_o freeze_a or_o become_v sour_a grow_v to_o be_v more_o consider_v than_o the_o institution_n of_o christ_n yet_o â—or_a a_o while_n they_o use_v to_o suck_v it_o up_o through_o small_a quill_n or_o pipe_n call_v fistulae_fw-la in_o the_o ordo_fw-la romanus_n which_o answer_v the_o objection_n from_o the_o beard_n in_o the_o twelve_o century_n the_o bread_n grow_v to_o be_v giâ—en_o general_o dip_v in_o wine_n the_o writer_n of_o that_o time_n though_o they_o justify_v this_o practice_n yet_o they_o acknowledge_v it_o to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o institution_n ivo_n of_o chartres_n say_v the_o people_n do_v communicate_v with_o dip_v bread_n not_o by_o authority_n but_o by_o necessity_n for_o fear_v of_o spill_v the_o blood_n of_o christ._n pope_n innocent_a the_o four_o say_v that_o all_o may_v have_v the_o chalice_n who_o be_v so_o cautious_a that_o nothing_o of_o it_o shall_v be_v spill_v in_o the_o ancient_a church_n the_o instance_n of_o serapion_n be_v bring_v to_o show_v that_o the_o bread_n alone_o be_v send_v to_o the_o sick_a 44._o eus._n hist._n l._n 6._o c._n 44._o which_o he_o that_o carry_v it_o be_v order_v to_o moisten_v before_o he_o give_v it_o he_o justin_n martyr_n do_v plain_o insinuate_v that_o both_o kind_n be_v send_v to_o the_o absent_v 2._o just._n mart._n apol._n 2._o so_o some_o of_o the_o wine_n may_v be_v send_v to_o serapion_n with_o the_o bread_n and_o it_o be_v much_o more_o reasonable_a to_o believe_v this_o than_o that_o the_o bread_n be_v order_v to_o be_v dip_v in_o water_n there_o be_v no_o such_o instance_n in_o all_o history_n ambros._n paulinus_n in_o vita_fw-la ambros._n whereas_o there_o be_v instance_n bring_v to_o show_v that_o both_o kind_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o sick_n st._n ambrose_n receive_v the_o bread_n but_o expire_v before_o he_o receive_v the_o cup_n this_o prove_v nothing_o but_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o cause_n that_o need_v such_o support_n nor_o can_v any_o argument_n be_v bring_v from_o some_o word_n concern_v the_o communicate_v of_o the_o sick_a or_o of_o infant_n rule_n be_v make_v from_o ordinary_a and_o not_o from_o extraordinary_a practice_n the_o small_a portion_n of_o the_o sacrament_n that_o some_o carry_v home_o and_o reserve_v to_o other_o occasion_n do_v not_o prove_v that_o they_o communicate_v only_o in_o one_o kind_n they_o receive_v in_o both_o only_o they_o keep_v out_o of_o too_o much_o superstition_n some_o fragment_n of_o the_o one_o which_o can_v be_v more_o easy_o and_o with_o less_o observation_n save_v and_o preserve_v than_o of_o the_o other_o and_o yet_o there_o be_v instance_n that_o they_o carry_v off_o some_o portion_n of_o both_o kind_n the_o greek_a church_n communicate_v during_o most_o of_o the_o day_n in_o lent_n in_o bread_n dip_v in_o wine_n and_o in_o the_o ordo_fw-la romanus_n there_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o a_o particular_a communion_n on_o good-friday_n some_o of_o the_o bread_n that_o have_v be_v former_o consecrate_a be_v put_v into_o a_o chalice_n with_o unconsecrated_a wine_n this_o be_v a_o practice_n that_o be_v ground_v on_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o unconsecrated_a wine_n be_v sanctify_v and_o consecrate_v by_o the_o contact_n of_o the_o bread_n and_o though_o they_o use_v not_o a_o formal_a consecration_n yet_o they_o use_v other_o prayer_n which_o be_v all_o that_o the_o primitive_a church_n think_v be_v necessary_a even_o to_o consecration_n it_o be_v think_v even_o so_o late_o as_o gregory_n the_o great_a be_v time_n that_o the_o lord_n prayer_n be_v at_o first_o the_o prayer_n of_o consecration_n these_o be_v all_o the_o colour_n which_o the_o study_n and_o subtlety_n of_o this_o age_n have_v be_v able_a to_o produce_v for_o justify_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n that_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o christ_n do_v institute_v this_o sacrament_n in_o both_o kind_n 11._o conc._n constan._n sess._n 11._o and_o that_o the_o faithful_a in_o the_o primitive_a church_n do_v receive_v in_o both_o kind_n yet_o a_o practice_n be_v reasonable_o bring_v in_o to_o avoid_v some_o danger_n and_o scandal_n they_o appoint_v the_o custom_n to_o continue_v of_o consecrate_v in_o both_o kind_n and_o of_o give_v to_o the_o laity_n only_o in_o one_o kind_n since_o christ_n be_v entire_a and_o true_o under_o each_o kind_n they_o establish_v this_o practice_n and_o order_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v alter_v without_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o church_n so_o late_a a_o practice_n and_o so_o late_a a_o decree_n can_v make_v void_a the_o command_n of_o christ_n nor_o be_v set_v in_o â—pposition_n to_o such_o a_o clear_a and_o universal_a practice_n to_o the_o contrary_n the_o war_n of_o boheme_n that_o follow_v upon_o that_o decree_n and_o all_o that_o scene_n of_o cruelty_n which_o be_v act_v upon_o john_n hus_n and_o jerom_n of_o prague_n at_o the_o first_o establishment_n of_o it_o show_v what_o opposition_n be_v make_v to_o it_o even_o in_o dark_a age_n and_o by_o man_n that_o do_v not_o deny_v transubstantiation_n these_o prove_v that_o plain_a sense_n and_o clear_a authority_n be_v so_o strong_a even_o in_o dark_a and_o corrupt_a time_n as_o not_o to_o be_v easy_o overcome_v and_o this_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v this_o matter_n that_o as_o there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o point_n in_o which_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v act_v more_o visible_o contrary_a to_o the_o gospel_n than_o in_o this_o so_o there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o thing_n that_o have_v raise_v high_a prejudices_fw-la against_o she_o that_o have_v make_v more_o forsake_v she_o and_o have_v possess_v mankind_n more_o against_o she_o than_o this_o this_o have_v cost_v she_o dear_a than_o any_o other_o article_n xxxi_o of_o the_o one_o oblation_n of_o christ_n finish_v upon_o the_o cross._n the_o offer_v of_o christ_n once_o make_v be_v that_o perfect_a redemption_n propitiation_n and_o satisfaction_n for_o all_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n both_o original_a and_o actual_a and_o there_o be_v none_o other_o satisfaction_n for_o sin_n but_o that_o alone_a wherefore_o in_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o mass_n in_o the_o which_o it_o be_v common_o say_v that_o the_o priest_n do_v offer_v christ_n for_o the_o quick_a and_o the_o dead_a to_o have_v remission_n of_o pain_n and_o gild_n be_v blasphemous_a fable_n and_o dangerous_a deceit_n it_o