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in_o all_o likelihood_n his_o mind_n be_v tire_v with_o the_o long_a labour_n he_o have_v undertake_v in_o effect_n on_o what_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o imagination_n confound_v the_o accident_n with_o their_o subject_n the_o only_a reason_n he_o object_n be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o true_a for_o if_o he_o pretend_v to_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v it_o because_o the_o imagination_n know_v not_o the_o subject_a and_o that_o the_o quality_n serve_v not_o for_o mark_n to_o know_v they_o it_o be_v what_o be_v in_o question_n and_o consequent_o can_v pass_v for_o a_o proof_n experience_n reas_n 4._o draw_v from_o experience_n as_o for_o the_o experience_n i_o propose_v which_o at_o the_o first_o sight_n we_o have_v of_o visible_a accident_n we_o do_v not_o only_o believe_v we_o see_v the_o accident_n but_o the_o body_n themselves_o wherein_o they_o be_v he_o answer_v that_o this_o experience_n be_v false_a because_o say_v he_o the_o first_o sight_n or_o single_a conception_n can_v 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our_o eye_n afford_v we_o and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o we_o can_v say_v we_o make_v any_o affirmation_n conclusion_n or_o reason_v how_o ever_o it_o be_v it_o import_v i_o or_o the_o truth_n but_o very_o little_a that_o m._n c._n deny_v the_o experience_n which_o shall_v be_v confess_v by_o all_o other_o man_n so_o as_o they_o be_v not_o blind_a and_o if_o we_o will_v consult_v with_o the_o most_o ignorant_a who_o common_o be_v the_o most_o certain_a and_o most_o sincere_a judge_n we_o can_v choose_v for_o what_o concern_v the_o sense_n they_o will_v all_o say_v that_o when_o they_o see_v a_o stone_n they_o do_v not_o only_o see_v the_o colour_n and_o the_o figure_n but_o the_o thing_n itself_o which_o have_v those_o quality_n it_o be_v not_o that_o at_o this_o first_o sight_n they_o distinguish_v it_o from_o its_o accident_n because_o
a_o discourse_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o beast_n wherein_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v for_o and_o against_o their_o ratiocination_n be_v examine_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr chambre_fw-fr counsellor_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o his_o counsel_n and_o his_o physician_n in_o ordinary_a translate_v into_o english_a by_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n londonâ—rinted_a â—rinted_z by_o tho._n newcomb_n for_o humphrey_n mosele_n at_o the_o prince_n arm_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n 1657._o to_o the_o reader_n this_o discourse_n be_v itself_o a_o apology_n and_o needs_o no_o other_o it_o witness_v the_o author_n sufficient_o learn_v to_o vindicate_v himself_o from_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o those_o who_o may_v think_v he_o guilty_a neither_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o those_o who_o read_v he_o with_o judgement_n will_v rather_o submit_v then_o contest_v those_o truth_n which_o he_o advance_v and_o can_v but_o yield_v even_o to_o the_o probability_n of_o his_o paradox_n for_o he_o treat_v of_o all_o like_o the_o counsellor_n and_o doctor_n of_o a_o king_n whereto_o his_o great_a desert_n have_v raise_v he_o or_o rather_o like_o a_o king_n among_o philosopher_n in_o a_o word_n like_o himself_o he_o divide_v the_o order_n of_o nature_n he_o counsel_v and_o instruct_v man_n and_o make_v even_o beast_n reason_n look_v but_o upon_o his_o grand_a design_n and_o he_o appear_v more_o eminent_a than_o any_o of_o our_o modern_a philosopher_n i_o mean_v that_o art_n of_o he_o to_o know_v man_n which_o he_o have_v long_o since_o promise_v the_o world_n in_o the_o first_o part_n whereof_o he_o have_v design_v the_o character_n of_o the_o passion_n of_o which_o two_o excellent_a book_n be_v extant_a of_o virtue_n and_o of_o vice_n and_o in_o the_o second_o part_n he_o intend_v a_o discovery_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o animal_n and_o from_o the_o resemblance_n betwixt_o man_n and_o beast_n to_o teach_v we_o that_o those_o who_o part_n be_v like_o they_o have_v the_o 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neither_o be_o i_o ignorant_a of_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o galenist_n nor_o of_o the_o heresy_n of_o the_o manichee_n yet_o i_o know_v also_o that_o many_o great_a man_n have_v endeavour_v by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n to_o prove_v the_o soul_n of_o man_n immortal_a neither_o have_v any_o of_o they_o a_o more_o peculiar_a argument_n than_o our_o author_n who_o from_o the_o immateriality_n of_o the_o not_o simple_o but_o intellectual_o reasonable_a soul_n conclude_v that_o natural_o have_v no_o principle_n of_o corruption_n it_o must_v necessary_o be_v immortal_a so_o far_o be_v he_o from_o shake_v that_o he_o strong_o confirm_v that_o immortal_a principle_n as_o for_o those_o who_o apprehend_v the_o loss_n of_o that_o essential_a difference_n which_o they_o pretend_v betwixt_o themselves_o and_o beast_n let_v they_o examine_v the_o matter_n and_o the_o difference_n will_v appear_v but_o still_o the_o more_o manifest_a the_o reason_n he_o allow_v they_o be_v limit_v to_o corporeal_a object_n to_o the_o necessity_n of_o life_n food_n and_o shelter_n it_o be_v only_o direct_v it_o be_v capable_a only_o of_o singular_n it_o be_v restrain_v to_o a_o opinative_a faculty_n it_o be_v a_o mere_a shadow_n of_o we_o much_o like_o that_o of_o our_o fantasy_n when_o we_o sleep_v so_o that_o they_o will_v have_v all_o the_o reason_n in_o the_o world_n to_o believe_v that_o this_o opinion_n raise_v the_o reason_n of_o man_n to_o make_v the_o difference_n real_o essential_a to_o a_o intellectual_a faculty_n which_o tend_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o divine_a thing_n and_o declare_v the_o soul_n potential_o to_o be_v a_o spirit_n so_o that_o what_o we_o call_v intelligence_n in_o angel_n we_o may_v just_o call_v intellectual_a reason_n in_o man_n which_o as_o it_o be_v inferior_a to_o that_o so_o it_o be_v superior_a to_o that_o of_o beast_n which_o be_v sensual_a and_o corporeal_a whilst_o his_o be_v altogether_o spiritual_a these_o two_o main_a objection_n be_v answer_v it_o remain_v only_o that_o we_o shall_v by_o authority_n vindicate_v it_o from_o novelty_n tiresias_n melampus_n and_o apollonius_n be_v say_v to_o have_v understand_v their_o very_a language_n plato_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o golden_a age_n man_n reap_v all_o their_o knowledge_n from_o communication_n with_o they_o and_o although_o the_o scripture_n tell_v we_o of_o some_o beast_n that_o have_v no_o understanding_n yet_o it_o send_v we_o for_o instruction_n to_o other_o and_o philosophy_n acknowledge_v to_o have_v learn_v from_o they_o many_o of_o her_o art_n and_o science_n they_o have_v instruct_v we_o in_o physic_n even_o in_o morality_n nay_o they_o have_v teach_v we_o piety_n porphyrius_n plutarch_n raymondus_n sebondus_fw-la for_o who_o also_o montaign_a in_o his_o essay_n have_v write_v a_o apology_n be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o opinion_n with_o our_o author_n and_o if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o reason_n of_o these_o and_o other_o learned_a man_n why_o they_o have_v allow_v reason_n to_o beast_n take_v these_o in_o brief_a that_o most_o animal_n have_v organ_n fit_a and_o faculty_n like_o we_o in_o anatomy_n the_o very_a cell_n of_o their_o brain_n nothing_o different_a that_o their_o industry_n not_o only_o equal_v but_o often_o surpass_v that_o of_o man_n essence_n and_o property_n be_v know_v but_o by_o effect_n it_o be_v not_o more_o reasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o beast_n do_v reasonable_a thing_n have_v a_o reasonable_a faculty_n then_o to_o affirm_v that_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o reasonable_a because_o beast_n have_v not_o a_o reasonable_a faculty_n the_o effect_n appear_v the_o power_n be_v occult_a that_o they_o seek_v necessary_n without_o be_v instruct_v and_o of_o themselves_o invent_v the_o mean_n to_o acquire_v they_o that_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o discipline_n even_o contrary_a to_o their_o own_o nature_n that_o most_o of_o they_o can_v discern_v thing_n and_o can_v accommodate_v themselves_o to_o time_n place_n and_o other_o circumstance_n and_o according_o operate_v diverse_o so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o that_o they_o act_n formal_o for_o some_o end_n and_o know_v both_o that_o as_o the_o end_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o attain_v it_o as_o mean_n nay_o more_o that_o they_o tend_v to_o a_o felicity_n proportionable_a to_o their_o nature_n pleasure_n be_v their_o high_a good_a and_o grief_n their_o extremity_n of_o ill_a to_o conclude_v the_o great_a difficulty_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o term_n those_o who_o call_v it_o instinct_n can_v deny_v but_o it_o act_v with_o reason_n and_o those_o that_o allow_v they_o reason_n deny_v it_o to_o be_v intellectual_a now_o if_o you_o require_v example_n out_o of_o history_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n if_o pliny_n elephant_n repeat_v his_o lesson_n in_o the_o moonshine_n be_v not_o to_o be_v credit_v nor_o ptolemy_n stag_n who_o understand_v greek_n nor_o plutarch_n dog_n who_o can_v counterfeit_v rhe_n very_a convulsion_n of_o death_n nor_o that_o goose_n which_o be_v disciple_n to_o a_o philosopher_n what_o shall_v we_o say_v to_o a_o ape_n that_o can_v play_v at_o chess_n or_o of_o another_o that_o have_v learn_v some_o touch_n upon_o the_o guitar_n but_o let_v who_o will_v judge_v of_o francis_n the_o first_o be_v dog_n that_o king_n have_v lose_v his_o glove_n as_o he_o be_v hunt_v and_o have_v send_v he_o in_o search_n of_o it_o and_o he_o after_o a_o tedious_a inquiry_n return_v without_o it_o be_v remand_v by_o his_o master_n run_v direct_o to_o paris_n and_o leap_v up_o at_o a_o stall_n where_o he_o have_v former_o observe_v glove_n hang_v out_o and_o tear_n down_o a_o pair_n and_o carry_v they_o three_o league_n back_o again_o to_o the_o king_n let_v they_o i_o say_v judge_n whether_o this_o action_n be_v not_o from_o discourse_n sure_o i_o be_o it_o can_v not_o be_v from_o his_o scent_n if_o you_o desire_v more_o fit_a example_n more_o pregnant_a reason_n
the_o worse_o i_o shall_v indeed_o have_v be_v just_o chastise_v for_o my_o imprudence_n have_v i_o afterward_o meet_v with_o in_o his_o book_n so_o many_o piquant_v and_o malicious_a word_n which_o he_o vent_v against_o i_o and_o which_o he_o have_v mix_v with_o some_o praise_n as_o those_o who_o infuse_v poison_n with_o sugar_n when_o i_o see_v those_o shameful_a reproach_n he_o make_v i_o sometime_o that_o my_o mind_n be_v distort_v and_o that_o i_o have_v not_o think_v of_o what_o i_o have_v write_v p._n 124_o that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o truth_n and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o shame_n to_o stick_v at_o they_o p._n 148._o and_o then_o that_o i_o be_o ignorant_a of_o the_o rule_n and_o term_n of_o philosophy_n p._n 240._o that_o i_o every_o minute_n fall_v into_o contradiction_n and_o that_o he_o can_v hardly_o believe_v i_o be_o author_n of_o the_o work_n p._n 242._o with_o a_o hundred_o such_o like_a which_o he_o utter_v with_o scorn_n and_o reproach_n no_o no_o this_o proceed_n make_v it_o evident_o appear_v that_o he_o have_v no_o intelligence_n with_o i_o that_o he_o have_v defend_v his_o cause_n the_o best_a he_o be_v able_a and_o that_o if_o he_o have_v bring_v ill_a reason_n to_o maintain_v it_o it_o be_v because_o he_o believe_v they_o good_a and_o be_v ignorant_a of_o their_o defect_n neither_o will_v i_o absolute_o condemn_v he_o for_o the_o incivility_n he_o have_v treat_v i_o withal_o and_o i_o shall_v rather_o attribute_v it_o to_o heat_n of_o dispute_n or_o the_o natural_a sharpness_n of_o a_o critic_n then_o to_o any_o ill_a will_v he_o can_v have_v against_o i_o i_o know_v that_o in_o combat_n of_o pleasure_n and_o divertisement_n it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a but_o some_o angry_a touch_n must_v be_v give_v and_o that_o blow_n can_v be_v handle_v so_o dexterous_o but_o some_o will_v be_v rude_a than_o they_o be_v intend_v but_o what_o be_v to_o have_v be_v desire_v in_o those_o of_o m.c._n it_o be_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v behave_v himself_o pleasant_o and_o like_o a_o gallant_a fellow_n and_o not_o have_v accompany_v they_o with_o a_o pedantic_a severity_n which_o appear_v through_o all_o his_o discourse_n and_o which_o will_v oblige_v many_o man_n to_o believe_v that_o passion_n rather_o than_o truth_n have_v arm_v his_o pen_n against_o i_o there_o be_v even_o some_o already_o who_o have_v make_v this_o judgement_n have_v observe_v how_o he_o introduce_v my_o name_n to_o the_o title_n of_o his_o book_n and_o that_o he_o affect_v to_o repeat_v it_o in_o all_o the_o passage_n he_o be_v able_a for_o since_o it_o not_o at_o all_o concern_v the_o question_n and_o that_o he_o may_v have_v examine_v my_o reason_n without_o name_a i_o even_o as_o i_o have_v do_v those_o of_o other_o man_n they_o do_v believe_v that_o it_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v some_o secret_a malignity_n which_o move_v he_o to_o place_v my_o name_n for_o a_o trophy_n in_o the_o front_n of_o his_o work_n and_o to_o lead_v it_o as_o it_o be_v in_o triumph_n through_o all_o the_o page_n of_o his_o book_n for_o my_o part_n i_o dare_v not_o judge_v so_o sinister_o of_o his_o intention_n so_o far_o be_v i_o from_o complain_v of_o he_o in_o that_o encounter_n that_o i_o find_v i_o have_v reason_n to_o thank_v he_o for_o put_v i_o in_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o great_a man_n he_o have_v assault_v and_o i_o shall_v never_o be_v ashamed_a to_o have_v my_o name_n appear_v with_o the_o name_n of_o mr._n de_fw-fr charron_n and_o mr._n de_fw-fr montagne_n shall_v he_o even_o reckon_v they_o among_o those_o he_o have_v conquer_v it_o be_v true_a if_o he_o have_v be_v well_o advise_v for_o his_o own_o glory_n he_o shall_v never_o have_v make_v mention_n of_o i_o nor_o have_v discover_v that_o i_o be_v the_o man_n with_o who_o he_o be_v to_o combat_v some_o may_v have_v think_v after_o have_v see_v he_o enter_v the_o lift_v against_o such_o great_a person_n that_o i_o be_v of_o the_o same_o rank_n and_o that_o he_o choose_v i_o as_o a_o enemy_n worthy_a both_o of_o his_o strength_n and_o courage_n but_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v know_v that_o it_o be_v against_o i_o he_o have_v make_v this_o stir_n to_o lift_v up_o his_o buckler_n and_o that_o it_o will_v afterward_o appear_v that_o weak_a and_o fresh_a as_o i_o be_o in_o these_o kind_n of_o trial_n i_o shall_v have_v so_o easy_o defeat_v a_o man_n who_o will_v pass_v for_o the_o bravo_n of_o our_o age_n and_o who_o in_o his_o write_n present_v all_o comer_n with_o a_o challenge_n it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v it_o may_v much_o diminish_v the_o credit_n he_o may_v have_v and_o lest_o he_o be_v accuse_v for_o a_o weak_a and_o quarrelsome_a person_n who_o seek_v to_o gain_v reputation_n at_o the_o expense_n of_o another_o man_n have_v he_o therefore_o follow_v the_o counsel_n which_o prudence_n will_v have_v give_v he_o in_o this_o encounter_n he_o have_v save_v himself_o from_o these_o reproach_n and_o have_v save_v i_o the_o pain_n to_o have_v answer_v he_o without_o have_v interest_v myself_o in_o a_o question_n wherein_o all_o opinion_n be_v free_a i_o shall_v not_o have_v disturb_v the_o pleasure_n wherewith_o he_o flatter_v himself_o with_o a_o imaginary_a victory_n and_o without_o envy_n i_o can_v have_v suffer_v he_o to_o have_v triumph_v over_o a_o enemy_n which_o he_o have_v not_o overcome_v but_o it_o have_v be_v a_o barrenness_n in_o i_o to_o have_v continue_v with_o my_o arm_n across_o after_o the_o public_a defy_v he_o have_v give_v i_o and_o honour_n oblige_v i_o to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o truth_n which_o i_o hear_v groan_v under_o his_o censure_n and_o which_o i_o perceive_v ready_a to_o fall_v into_o the_o ambush_n he_o have_v lay_v for_o it_o behold_v i_o be_o ready_a to_o defend_v it_o i_o be_o here_o ready_a to_o maintain_v the_o proposition_n which_o m._n c_o have_v contest_v the_o reader_n shall_v afterward_o judge_v which_o of_o we_o two_o have_v the_o better_a right_n but_o that_o he_o may_v be_v instruct_v of_o all_o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v necessary_a in_o my_o defence_n he_o must_v be_v inform_v of_o the_o order_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v and_o of_o the_o motive_n which_o have_v oblige_v i_o to_o another_o course_n than_o that_o which_o hitherto_o have_v be_v follow_v have_v consider_v that_o the_o proof_n which_o have_v be_v use_v to_o show_v that_o beast_n reason_n do_v not_o not_o convince_v those_o who_o hold_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n and_o that_o they_o shift_v off_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o it_o by_o the_o word_n instinct_n which_o how_o vain_a soever_o it_o be_v forbear_v not_o to_o entangle_v the_o question_n and_o render_v the_o decision_n the_o more_o doubtful_a i_o imagine_v the_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o source_n and_o leave_v experiment_n which_o be_v contest_v it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o ratiocination_n itself_o i_o therefore_o will_v examine_v the_o nature_n thereof_o and_o see_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n which_o beast_n can_v not_o do_v and_o which_o surpass_v the_o force_n of_o the_o imagination_n and_o of_o the_o other_o faculty_n which_o all_o be_v agree_v they_o be_v endow_v withal_o but_o as_o reason_v be_v a_o knowledge_n and_o that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o knowledge_n to_o wit_n the_o first_o conception_n the_o judgement_n and_o the_o discourse_n i_o think_v it_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v know_v wherein_o all_o three_o of_o they_o consist_v and_o what_o action_n the_o soul_n perform_v in_o every_o of_o they_o have_v therefore_o find_v that_o in_o the_o first_o she_o form_v the_o image_n of_o object_n in_o the_o second_o she_o unite_v or_o divide_v two_o of_o those_o image_n and_o in_o the_o three_o she_o collect_v together_o three_o of_o which_o she_o compose_v several_a proposition_n which_o form_n discourse_n methinks_v that_o all_o the_o difficulty_n be_v reduce_v to_o this_o point_n to_o wit_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o imagination_n can_v unite_v or_o divide_v image_n for_o if_o it_o have_v that_o power_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v able_a to_o make_v proposition_n and_o in_o pursuance_n reason_v this_o be_v the_o principal_a subject_n of_o the_o treatise_n which_o i_o have_v bring_v to_o light_n the_o first_o part_n whereof_o be_v whole_o employ_v to_o show_v that_o the_o imagination_n can_v form_v and_o unite_v several_a image_n and_o by_o consequence_n that_o it_o may_v conceive_v judge_n and_o discourse_n the_o other_o part_n contain_v the_o answer_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o strong_a objection_n which_o may_v be_v propose_v against_o these_o truth_n and_o principal_o to_o those_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o custom_n and_o from_o instinct_n where_o i_o have_v explicate_v the_o nature_n of_o
those_o cause_n and_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o they_o can_v act_v without_o the_o help_n of_o reason_n this_o order_n be_v not_o please_v to_o m.c._n and_o in_o the_o examen_fw-la he_o make_v he_o have_v not_o only_o begin_v his_o book_n by_o a_o discourse_n of_o instinct_n but_o he_o will_v also_o have_v it_o believe_v that_o i_o have_v do_v ill_o in_o not_o follow_v that_o method_n see_v i_o hold_v that_o the_o instinct_n suppose_v a_o natural_a knowledge_n and_o that_o natural_a knowledge_n ought_v to_o be_v treat_v before_o those_o which_o be_v acquire_v but_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v consider_v that_o all_o my_o design_n be_v to_o show_v that_o beast_n reason_n and_o that_o what_o be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o instinct_n aught_o to_o be_v but_o a_o incident_a to_o the_o question_n so_o that_o if_o i_o have_v begin_v from_o thence_o i_o shall_v have_v place_v the_o accessary_a before_o the_o principal_a and_o the_o objection_n before_o the_o conclusion_n on_o the_o other_o side_n have_v not_o this_o consideration_n oblige_v i_o to_o follow_v this_o method_n can_v he_o not_o have_v remember_v that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o it_o the_o one_o which_o begin_v by_o those_o thing_n which_o in_o themselves_o and_o natural_o be_v most_o evident_a the_o other_o which_o begin_v by_o those_o which_o in_o respect_n of_o we_o and_o by_o the_o sense_n be_v most_o evident_a that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v good_a but_o that_o the_o latter_a have_v this_o advantage_n that_o it_o be_v more_o conformable_a to_o our_o ordinary_a way_n of_o know_v which_o begin_v always_o by_o sensible_a thing_n so_o although_o without_o a_o fault_n i_o may_v have_v first_o speak_v of_o natural_a knowledge_n which_o be_v first_o in_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n and_o consequent_o more_o evident_a in_o themselves_o then_o those_o which_o be_v acquire_v still_o methinks_v it_o be_v better_a to_o begin_v by_o those_o which_o be_v acquire_v which_o be_v most_o sensible_a and_o therefore_o in_o our_o own_o respect_n the_o first_o and_o most_o evident_a in_o effect_n since_o i_o be_v to_o show_v that_o instinct_n suppose_v a_o natural_a knowledge_n and_o that_o before_o that_o i_o be_v to_o seek_v wherein_o knowledge_n in_o general_n consist_v can_v i_o have_v arrive_v by_o any_o sure_a way_n than_o by_o certain_a and_o indubitable_a experiment_n which_o we_o have_v through_o acquire_v knowledge_n especial_o have_v none_o through_o the_o natural_a let_v we_o trifle_v no_o long_o therefore_o neither_o he_o nor_o i_o on_o the_o general_a order_n we_o have_v observe_v in_o our_o work_n i_o think_v that_o his_o be_v not_o ill_a in_o that_o particular_a and_o that_o i_o be_v necessary_a for_o my_o design_n neither_o will_v i_o change_v it_o here_o have_v observe_v the_o same_o disposition_n of_o subject_n the_o same_o number_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o same_o sequel_n of_o consequence_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o my_o treatise_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o beast_n if_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n it_o be_v that_o there_o i_o have_v observe_v as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v a_o rhetorical_a discourse_n and_o here_o i_o treat_v of_o thing_n in_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o the_o school_n who_o divide_v the_o matter_n by_o chapter_n which_o relate_v the_o reason_n and_o which_o do_v not_o seeek_v that_o exact_a concatenation_n of_o word_n which_o the_o law_n of_o oratory_n require_v for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o abridgement_n of_o all_o what_o i_o employ_v in_o my_o first_o treatise_n and_o afterward_o faithful_o to_o produce_v the_o objection_n of_o m._n c._n without_o trouble_v the_o reader_n to_o seek_v elsewhere_o to_o clear_v himself_o concern_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o contest_v i_o therefore_o divide_v my_o discourse_n into_o four_o part_n in_o the_o first_o i_o show_v that_o the_o imagination_n to_o know_v thing_n aught_o to_o form_v the_o image_n thereof_o in_o the_o second_o that_o the_o imagination_n may_v unite_v those_o image_n it_o have_v form_v and_o consequent_o make_v proposition_n in_o the_o three_o that_o it_o may_v unite_v several_a proposition_n and_o bound_v they_o together_o with_o common_a term_n wherein_o ratiocination_n consist_v the_o four_o contain_v the_o answer_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o those_o objection_n which_o be_v common_o propose_v against_o the_o reason_n of_o beast_n now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o m.c._n will_v not_o follow_v this_o order_n i_o have_v be_v constrain_v to_o recollect_v the_o reason_n he_o have_v scatter_v here_o and_o there_o and_o to_o reduce_v under_o every_o of_o these_o part_n where_o i_o have_v examine_v they_o with_o all_o possible_a moderation_n for_o although_o in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v some_o touch_n of_o censure_n and_o raillery_n which_o he_o may_v resent_v i_o believe_v he_o will_v consider_v that_o beside_o that_o most_o common_o i_o do_v but_o defend_v myself_o with_o the_o same_o arm_n with_o which_o he_o have_v assault_v i_o the_o critical_a part_n be_v in_o itself_o so_o severe_a and_o so_o crabbed_a that_o if_o some_o divertisement_n be_v not_o insinuate_v it_o will_v become_v loathsome_a both_o to_o the_o author_n and_o to_o the_o reader_n and_o if_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o say_v so_o it_o be_v a_o food_n which_o easy_o disgu_v unless_o it_o have_v some_o relish_n and_o some_o sharpness_n but_o i_o have_v not_o only_o seek_v for_o he_o this_o season_n in_o the_o civility_n of_o my_o censure_n and_o in_o the_o innocency_n of_o my_o raillery_n i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o slip_v in_o several_a question_n which_o by_o their_o novelty_n may_v divert_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o reader_n and_o untire_a he_o from_o the_o trouble_n which_o our_o contest_v may_v have_v give_v he_o for_o without_o doubt_n he_o will_v take_v pleasure_n to_o know_v 1._o whether_o external_a image_n enter_v into_o the_o memory_n 2._o what_o the_o word_n est_fw-la be_v signify_v in_o proposition_n 3._o how_o the_o imagination_n may_v make_v negative_a proposition_n 4._o whether_o if_o a_o material_a power_n such_o as_o the_o imagination_n be_v can_v form_v universal_a notion_n 5._o whether_o beast_n doubt_v 6._o whether_o they_o hope_v and_o whether_o they_o fear_v 7._o how_o they_o know_v the_o time_n to_o come_v 8._o whether_o they_o know_v the_o end_n and_o the_o mean_n they_o use_v to_o attain_v it_o 9_o what_o action_n the_o soul_n perform_v in_o reason_v 10._o whether_o one_o may_v reason_v in_o a_o instant_n 11._o whether_o reason_v be_v give_v only_o to_o clear_v doubtful_a thing_n 12._o what_o the_o nature_n of_o speech_n be_v and_o of_o such_o like_a which_o i_o have_v insinuate_v into_o this_o discourse_n wherein_o m._n c._n may_v if_o he_o please_v exercise_v himself_o but_o whereof_o he_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v from_o i_o any_o reply_n for_o if_o he_o produce_v better_a reason_n than_o i_o i_o from_o this_o very_a time_n consent_n unto_o they_o and_o if_o they_o be_v as_o weak_a as_o those_o which_o he_o have_v already_o bring_v it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o continue_v in_o my_o opinion_n and_o to_o apply_v myself_o to_o better_a thing_n then_o to_o prolong_v a_o process_n where_o all_o the_o profit_n rather_o accrue_v to_o he_o who_o have_v lose_v it_o since_o he_o gain_v both_o the_o time_n and_o the_o truth_n let_v we_o quick_o dispatch_v this_o therefore_o and_o begin_v with_o the_o first_o part._n but_o first_o of_o all_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o the_o reader_n shall_v be_v advertise_v that_o the_o word_n of_o imagination_n which_o be_v so_o frequent_a in_o this_o work_n may_v not_o be_v here_o take_v for_o a_o distinct_a faculty_n of_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o the_o fancy_n and_o of_o the_o estimative_a as_o they_o do_v common_o in_o the_o school_n but_o for_o a_o general_a faculty_n which_o comprehend_v all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n which_o serve_v for_o knowledge_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o word_n understanding_n comprehend_v all_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o intellectual_a soul_n which_o make_v thing_n to_o be_v know_v such_o as_o be_v the_o apprehensive_a the_o cogitative_a the_o discursive_a the_o agent_n and_o patient_a intellect_n etc._n etc._n in_o effect_v all_o these_o different_a faculty_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sensitive_a soul_n have_v in_o common_a among_o they_o that_o they_o know_v and_o consequent_o there_o be_v a_o general_a faculty_n which_o know_v which_o be_v afterward_o divide_v into_o as_o many_o piece_n as_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o knowledge_n now_o this_o general_a faculty_n have_v no_o particular_a name_n may_v by_o the_o example_n of_o divers_a other_o gender_n take_v the_o name_n of_o one_o of_o those_o species_n and_o principal_o that_o of_o the_o imagination_n which_o be_v the_o most_o considerable_a and_o most_o
since_o the_o understanding_n make_v they_o but_o i_o shall_v desire_v he_o to_o tell_v i_o whether_o he_o of_o a_o truth_n believe_v this_o consequence_n which_o he_o draw_v from_o thence_o to_o be_v good_a the_o understanding_n form_n image_n therefore_o the_o imagination_n form_v spiritual_a image_n for_o i_o do_v not_o say_v the_o understanding_n form_v spiritual_a image_n but_o i_o show_v that_o it_o form_n its_o image_n because_o they_o be_v spiritual_a this_o be_v call_v in_o the_o school_n to_o argue_v from_o thing_n call_v simple_o to_o those_o which_o be_v conditional_a or_o from_o those_o which_o be_v divide_v to_o those_o which_o be_v conjoin_v but_o let_v we_o to_o another_o subject_n which_o perhaps_o may_v be_v more_o for_o his_o advantage_n chap._n iii_o the_o imagination_n represent_v not_o only_o the_o accident_n but_o also_o their_o subject_n have_v a_o design_n to_o show_v that_o the_o imagination_n form_v not_o the_o accident_n only_o but_o she_o make_v somewhat_o of_o their_o subject_n also_o enter_v and_o that_o its_o phantasm_n be_v not_o a_o representation_n by_o the_o example_n of_o colour_n but_o of_o what_o be_v colour_v nor_o of_o heat_n but_o of_o what_o be_v hot_a in_o a_o word_n that_o all_o sensible_a accident_n be_v therein_o represent_v per_fw-la modum_fw-la concreti_fw-la as_o they_o speak_v in_o the_o school_n the_o first_o reason_n which_o i_o bring_v be_v that_o the_o imagination_n be_v a_o power_n bury_v in_o the_o matter_n which_o ought_v to_o have_v a_o object_n of_o the_o same_o gender_n and_o a_o action_n which_o terminate_v itself_o in_o something_o which_o in_o some_o manner_n be_v compose_v as_o that_o be_v m._n c._n find_v this_o reason_n very_o strange_a and_o answer_n that_o the_o imagination_n be_v no_o more_o bury_v in_o the_o matter_n than_o the_o accident_n which_o we_o give_v for_o its_o object_n and_o that_o they_o be_v as_o compose_v as_o she_o be_v but_o if_o he_o speak_v this_o in_o earnest_n we_o be_v both_o agree_v and_o he_o must_v with_o i_o confess_v that_o the_o imagination_n be_v a_o faculty_n in_o the_o matter_n the_o colour_n which_o be_v represent_v be_v also_o a_o quality_n in_o the_o matter_n and_o i_o will_v have_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o what_o be_v hot_a which_o be_v a_o heat_n in_o the_o matter_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o imagination_n and_o not_o the_o heat_n by_o itself_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v it_o be_v at_o that_o point_n he_o mean_v to_o stick_v for_o he_o oppose_v against_o we_o that_o a_o man_n can_v give_v the_o imagination_n a_o object_n which_o be_v of_o the_o same_o gender_n nor_o which_o be_v compose_v as_o she_o be_v unless_o it_o be_v a_o pure_a accident_n since_o the_o imagination_n be_v a_o faculty_n and_o that_o the_o faculty_n be_v a_o pure_a accident_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o discourse_n of_o instinct_n pag._n 9_o this_o objection_n be_v captious_a and_o i_o make_v a_o appeal_n here_o to_o m.c._n his_o sincerity_n to_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v allow_v in_o good_a logic_n to_o change_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o term_n of_o which_o we_o be_v agree_v the_o question_n here_o be_v concern_v physical_a accident_n which_o can_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o matter_n and_o he_o give_v we_o the_o change_n in_o metaphysical_a accident_n which_o subsist_v only_o in_o the_o understanding_n it_o be_v true_a that_o when_o we_o examine_v what_o the_o essential_a difference_n of_o man_n be_v we_o say_v that_o the_o faculty_n of_o reason_v can_v not_o be_v it_o because_o it_o be_v a_o pure_a accident_n and_o that_o the_o difference_n of_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o substance_n now_o he_o can_v disavow_v but_o that_o the_o search_n of_o essential_a difference_n be_v from_o the_o secure_n of_o the_o metaphysic_n and_o that_o the_o faculty_n ought_v to_o be_v no_o otherwise_o consider_v but_o in_o physic_n so_o that_o he_o unprofitable_o labour_v to_o ruin_v what_o we_o have_v now_o establish_v for_o what_o we_o say_v in_o that_o place_n we_o consider_v here_o the_o imagination_n as_o a_o faculty_n which_o operate_v now_o it_o can_v operate_v without_o matter_n which_o serve_v for_o its_o organ_n it_o can_v therefore_o be_v conceive_v but_o in_o the_o matter_n and_o by_o consequence_n it_o must_v have_v a_o object_n which_o must_v be_v material_a and_o a_o action_n which_o terminate_v at_o something_o which_o must_v be_v as_o that_o be_v compose_v but_o what_o say_v he_o the_o imagination_n be_v no_o more_o material_a than_o the_o external_a sense_n which_o nevertheless_o know_v the_o accident_n only_o i_o can_v hereupon_o answer_v he_o that_o he_o suppose_v what_o be_v in_o question_n for_o in_o no_o part_n of_o his_o work_n have_v he_o prove_v that_o the_o external_a sense_n know_v accident_n only_o but_o as_o it_o be_v not_o his_o mind_n to_o establish_v any_o thing_n i_o shall_v content_v myself_o to_o demand_v of_o he_o whether_o by_o the_o external_a sense_n he_o mean_v the_o organ_n of_o the_o sense_n or_o the_o faculty_n which_o be_v in_o those_o organ_n for_o if_o they_o be_v only_o the_o organ_n the_o external_a sense_n do_v not_o know_v if_o it_o be_v the_o sensitive_a faculty_n it_o must_v operate_v and_o consequent_o form_v its_o image_n now_o this_o image_n represent_v somewhat_o beside_o the_o accident_n as_o we_o pretend_v to_o have_v show_v the_o imagination_n represent_v thing_n all_o entire_a the_o second_o reason_n i_o bring_v in_o confirmation_n of_o this_o truth_n be_v ground_v on_o that_o fair_a observation_n which_o some_o have_v make_v on_o the_o same_o subject_n i_o now_o treat_v to_o wit_n that_o there_o be_v two_o order_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o universe_n the_o one_o of_o which_o in_o the_o first_o intention_n of_o nature_n be_v make_v to_o be_v absolute_a the_o other_o be_v destine_v to_o represent_v they_o in_o this_o latter_a order_n be_v the_o know_a faculty_n for_o they_o have_v no_o other_o virtue_n but_o to_o know_v and_o can_v know_v but_o by_o represent_v the_o thing_n it_o be_v what_o aristotle_n say_v speak_v of_o the_o understanding_n that_o it_o have_v no_o other_o nature_n but_o that_o of_o be_v potential_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o be_v able_a to_o make_v and_o to_o be_v make_v all_o thing_n wherein_o the_o representation_n consist_v hence_o we_o conclude_v that_o if_o these_o faculty_n be_v destine_v to_o represent_v thing_n they_o must_v represent_v they_o all_o entire_a and_o such_o as_o they_o be_v otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o to_o represent_v they_o even_o as_o a_o man_n will_v never_o say_v that_o a_o painter_n have_v make_v the_o picture_n of_o a_o man_n have_v he_o paint_v only_o the_o eye_n or_o the_o mouth_n in_o effect_n as_o the_o member_n of_o this_o division_n relate_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o since_o the_o first_o compeehend_v all_o what_o be_v absolute_o the_o other_o must_v have_v the_o same_o extent_n so_o that_o the_o know_a faculty_n represent_v all_o thing_n which_o be_v absolute_a now_o thus_o to_o represent_v they_o be_v to_o represent_v they_o all_o entire_a so_o the_o imagination_n which_o be_v destine_v to_o know_v sensible_a and_o corporeal_a thing_n aught_o to_o represent_v they_o such_o as_o they_o be_v that_o be_v to_o say_v as_o sensible_a and_o corporeal_a and_o because_o they_o be_v not_o corporeal_a without_o matter_n it_o necessary_o aught_o to_o represent_v they_o to_o its_o self_n with_o its_o matter_n and_o consequent_o the_o image_n it_o make_v represent_v not_o only_o the_o accident_n but_o even_o the_o subject_n which_o sustain_v they_o it_o be_v true_a that_o its_o representation_n be_v not_o exact_a that_o it_o distinguish_v not_o the_o subject_n from_o the_o accident_n and_o that_o it_o represent_v they_o but_o confuse_o but_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o say_v it_o know_v it_o and_o the_o order_n which_o nature_n hold_v in_o all_o thing_n will_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o imagination_n shall_v not_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v but_o the_o beginning_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o essay_n to_o attain_v the_o perfection_n of_o that_o which_o the_o understanding_n be_v to_o form_n m._n c._n employ_v several_a answer_n to_o invalidate_v the_o force_n of_o raciocination_n and_o although_o at_o first_o he_o seem_v only_o to_o sport_n and_o divert_v himself_o yet_o that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v reproach_v not_o to_o have_v be_v serious_a enough_o in_o so_o important_a a_o matter_n i_o shall_v treat_v with_o he_o as_o if_o he_o have_v believe_v of_o a_o truth_n that_o if_o the_o imagination_n be_v the_o representative_a of_o thing_n aught_o to_o represent_v they_o all_o entire_a it_o follow_v that_o the_o picture_n which_o be_v also_o the_o representative_a of_o thing_n aught_o to_o represent_v they_o all_o entire_a and_o
before_o we_o enter_v into_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o our_o opinion_n we_o must_v both_o of_o we_o agree_v in_o one_o truth_n which_o can_v be_v contradict_v to_o wit_n that_o when_o a_o beast_n eat_v any_o thing_n which_o he_o know_v be_v sweet_a its_o certain_a he_o will_v eat_v it_o and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o eat_v it_o do_v he_o not_o find_v it_o good_a to_o eat_v forasmuch_o as_o nothing_o move_v the_o appetite_n but_o what_o be_v good_a and_o therefore_o he_o know_v the_o connexion_n which_o sweetness_n have_v with_o goodness_n since_o he_o find_v not_o the_o thing_n good_a but_o because_o its_o sweet_a and_o that_o if_o it_o be_v not_o sweet_a he_o will_v not_o judge_v it_o good_a the_o question_n than_o be_v to_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o he_o to_o know_v the_o universal_a annexion_n of_o sweetness_n with_o goodness_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o he_o only_o to_o know_v that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v betwixt_o these_o two_o particular_a quality_n and_o of_o necessity_n m._n c._n must_v take_v the_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o unless_o he_o have_v a_o design_n to_o commence_v a_o suit_n against_o nature_n as_o well_o as_o against_o i_o if_o he_o therefore_o believe_v that_o a_o beast_n know_v the_o universal_a connexion_n of_o sweetness_n with_o goodness_n there_o be_v nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o a_o beast_n my_o deduce_v the_o propose_a consequence_n and_o conclude_v after_o have_v know_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v sweet_a that_o the_o thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v because_o he_o know_v that_o all_o what_o be_v sweet_a be_v good_a to_o eat_v after_o this_o manner_n will_v m._n c._n fall_v into_o the_o opinion_n which_o we_o maintain_v that_o beast_n reason_n although_o by_o another_o way_n for_o we_o believe_v it_o sufficient_a for_o they_o to_o know_v the_o particular_a connexion_n of_o sweetness_n with_o goodness_n to_o conclude_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v in_o effect_n if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o they_o know_v the_o connexion_n which_o those_o two_o quality_n have_v with_o one_o another_o as_o we_o have_v show_v and_o that_o they_o can_v conceive_v nothing_o that_o be_v universal_a that_o be_v above_o the_o material_a faculty_n it_o be_v necessary_a they_o shall_v know_v the_o particular_a connexion_n which_o these_o two_o thing_n have_v together_o so_o that_o since_o they_o judge_v a_o thing_n good_a to_o eat_v because_o they_o find_v it_o sweet_a it_o follow_v that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o particular_a connexion_n be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o conclude_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v since_o that_o in_o effect_n they_o do_v so_o neither_o be_v they_o deceive_v in_o their_o judgement_n i_o must_v confess_v indeed_o that_o there_o be_v a_o universal_a connexion_n of_o sweetness_n with_o goodness_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o foundation_n of_o that_o truth_n which_o beast_n know_v but_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n and_o not_o in_o the_o imagination_n which_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o know_v it_o that_o it_o may_v certain_o infer_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n in_o particular_a be_v good_a to_o eat_v it_o be_v like_o those_o who_o do_v thing_n by_o rote_n for_o what_o they_o do_v be_v conformable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o art_n although_o they_o know_v it_o not_o neither_o do_v their_o ignorance_n hinder_v they_o from_o do_v it_o as_o perfect_a as_o it_o can_v be_v do_v so_o the_o imagination_n know_v not_o that_o all_o what_o be_v sweet_a be_v good_a to_o eat_v but_o only_o that_o the_o sweet_a be_v good_a to_o eat_v and_o with_o this_o particular_a knowledge_n it_o as_o certain_o know_v it_o ought_v to_o eat_v it_o as_o if_o it_o have_v a_o general_a knowledge_n thereof_o last_o of_o all_o since_o what_o it_o thus_o know_v be_v find_v true_a what_o need_v it_o seek_v it_o any_o other_o way_n and_o since_o syllogism_n may_v be_v make_v of_o particular_a proposition_n which_o make_v a_o good_a conclusion_n why_o then_o may_v not_o that_o which_o it_o make_v be_v good_a m.c._n hereupon_o say_v that_o from_o that_o any_o sweet_a thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v it_o follow_v not_o that_o that_o be_v it_o it_o be_v true_a and_o i_o confess_v that_o beast_n sometime_o deceive_v themselves_o neither_o do_v i_o say_v their_o syllogism_n be_v demonstrative_a it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o they_o be_v probable_a and_o that_o common_o they_o make_v they_o to_o know_v the_o particular_a connexion_n which_o nature_n have_v place_v betwixt_o those_o two_o quality_n for_o by_o she_o they_o know_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v with_o as_o much_o certainty_n as_o all_o other_o sensible_a thing_n may_v be_v know_v it_o be_v certain_a they_o do_v not_o know_v that_o they_o know_v it_o for_o to_o know_v a_o thing_n and_o to_o know_v that_o one_o know_v it_o be_v two_o different_a thing_n although_o m._n c._n it_o seem_v have_v confound_v they_o to_o know_v that_o we_o know_v we_o must_v consider_v the_o general_a reason_n and_o the_o form_n of_o reason_v which_o we_o use_v in_o a_o word_n we_o must_v make_v a_o reflection_n on_o that_o knowledge_n which_o beast_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o but_o to_o know_v and_o to_o know_v a_o thing_n simple_o this_o be_v not_o necessary_a and_o its_o sufficient_a that_o the_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o it_o be_v like_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o present_v itself_o without_o examine_v the_o principle_n or_o the_o mean_n whereby_o we_o know_v it_o that_o sweetness_n can_v move_v the_o appetite_n until_o the_o imagination_n have_v judge_v it_o good_a after_o this_o m._n c._n make_v i_o three_o great_a question_n and_o ask_v i_o who_o can_v have_v tell_v i_o that_o beast_n do_v not_o eat_v before_o they_o make_v all_o these_o fair_a discourse_n that_o sweetness_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o move_v the_o appetite_n if_o the_o imagination_n know_v not_o that_o it_o be_v good_a to_o eat_v and_o that_o it_o make_v three_o different_a judgement_n from_o the_o two_o first_o of_o which_o it_o infer_v a_o three_o but_o i_o shall_v answer_v in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v reason_n tell_v i_o so_o and_o i_o wonder_v that_o have_v make_v he_o see_v it_o so_o clear_a and_o evident_a it_o have_v not_o persuade_v he_o the_o same_o thing_n i_o have_v much_o more_o reason_n to_o ask_v who_o tell_v he_o that_o sweetness_n be_v sufficient_a to_o move_v the_o appetite_n without_o its_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o imagination_n to_o judge_v that_o the_o sweet_a thing_n be_v good_a to_o eat_v for_o no_o philosopher_n can_v have_v teach_v he_o this_o maxim_n nor_o can_v any_o reason_n have_v engage_v he_o in_o a_o proposition_n which_o destroy_v the_o first_o element_n of_o philosophy_n all_o the_o world_n be_v agree_v that_o the_o appetite_n can_v be_v move_v but_o by_o what_o be_v good_a and_o that_o therefore_o sweetness_n as_o sweetness_n can_v move_v it_o it_o must_v be_v know_v as_o good_a but_o also_o as_o good_a to_o eat_v if_o the_o appetite_n will_v eat_v it_o now_o the_o sense_n know_v not_o this_o goodness_n as_o m._n c._n confess_v present_o after_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v the_o imagination_n since_o the_o appetite_n afford_v no_o kind_n of_o knowledge_n certanly_n it_o will_v endanger_v those_o which_o will_v perceive_v how_o m._n c._n have_v abuse_v himself_o with_o such_o gross_a error_n to_o be_v scandalize_v with_o the_o reproach_n he_o make_v i_o that_o i_o only_o bring_v fair_a word_n to_o maintain_v my_o opinion_n without_o have_v trouble_v myself_o to_o uphold_v they_o with_o solid_a reason_n and_o perhaps_o some_o will_v say_v that_o he_o have_v use_v neither_o to_o destroy_v they_o and_o as_o there_o be_v more_o trouble_n to_o build_v then_o to_o ruin_n he_o have_v do_v wise_o to_o have_v establish_v nothing_o since_o he_o have_v succeed_v so_o ill_o in_o that_o which_o be_v most_o easy_a for_o my_o part_n all_o that_o i_o can_v say_v in_o this_o encounter_n be_v that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v content_v himself_o to_o have_v learn_v from_o all_o the_o man_n he_o have_v converse_v with_o that_o beast_n do_v not_o reason_n he_o ought_v also_o to_o have_v inform_v himself_o of_o the_o reason_n which_o they_o have_v to_o believe_v in_o and_o bold_o to_o have_v produce_v they_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o truth_n for_o the_o reputation_n of_o those_o with_o who_o he_o have_v speak_v and_o perhaps_o for_o the_o instruction_n of_o those_o to_o who_o he_o have_v not_o speak_v but_o what_o can_v he_o have_v bring_v a_o better_a reason_n to_o prove_v that_o beast_n reason_v not_o than_o the_o experience_n which_o he_o have_v make_v thereof_o in_o himself_o he_o have_v as_o he_o say_v examine_v the_o action_n of_o his_o sensitive_a appetite_n and_o after_o
of_o discourse_n consist_v in_o this_o motion_n but_o also_o as_o by_o this_o return_n the_o soul_n retake_v the_o term_n of_o the_o first_o proposition_n we_o may_v say_v that_o the_o form_n of_o the_o syllogism_n be_v shed_v abroad_o through_o they_o and_o that_o in_o that_o sense_n it_o must_v be_v consider_v as_o a_o whole_a every_o proposition_n whereof_o make_v a_o integral_a part_n without_o which_o it_o can_v be_v entire_a and_o perfect_a reflection_n the_o return_n of_o the_o imagination_n be_v not_o a_o reflection_n yet_o must_v we_o not_o abuse_v ourselves_o on_o the_o word_n return_v as_o i_o perceive_v most_o man_n have_v do_v who_o take_v it_o for_o a_o reflection_n for_o this_o to_o speak_v proper_o be_v make_v when_o the_o faculty_n reflect_v on_o itself_o and_o on_o its_o proper_a action_n consider_v they_o separate_v from_o their_o subject_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o understanding_n only_o can_v make_v this_o kind_n of_o reflection_n because_o it_o can_v be_v without_o abstraction_n of_o which_o the_o imagination_n be_v not_o capable_a but_o when_o the_o soul_n retake_v a_o image_n which_o it_o have_v already_o form_v for_o to_o join_v it_o with_o another_o it_o plight_n not_o on_o itself_o nor_o on_o on_o its_o knowledge_n but_o only_o on_o the_o effect_n of_o its_o action_n thus_o there_o be_v no_o abstraction_n nor_o consequent_o no_o true_a reflection_n and_o the_o imagination_n may_v as_o well_o make_v this_o return_n as_o the_o eye_n which_o have_v see_v several_a object_n one_o after_o the_o other_o may_v return_v to_o that_o which_o it_o first_o perceive_v whence_o we_o may_v draw_v this_o consequence_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o in_o ratiocination_n which_o surpass_v the_o soâ—ce_n of_o the_o imagination_n which_o be_v above_o the_o soul_n of_o beast_n it_o be_v time_n to_o return_v to_o m._n c._n who_o say_v that_o the_o dog_n judge_v not_o of_o the_o possibility_n of_o what_o he_o undertake_v because_o if_o it_o be_v so_o he_o will_v not_o make_v so_o many_o leap_v and_o so_o many_o unprofitable_a endeavour_n and_o will_v not_o strive_v to_o take_v what_o the_o most_o stupid_a reason_n will_v show_v he_o be_v too_o much_o elevate_v and_o thence_o he_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o reason_n which_o carry_v he_o to_o it_o but_o it_o be_v the_o object_n which_o draw_v he_o and_o which_o move_v his_o spirit_n as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v of_o this_o possibility_n i_o shall_v only_o here_o say_v that_o beast_n as_o well_o as_o man_n often_o deceive_v themselves_o in_o the_o judgement_n which_o they_o make_v and_o that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o do_v figure_n to_o themselves_o thing_n to_o be_v possible_a which_o be_v not_o so_o at_o all_o but_o this_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o before_o they_o be_v undertake_v they_o make_v a_o judgement_n of_o it_o how_o false_a or_o deceitful_a soever_o it_o may_v be_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v so_o that_o this_o ought_v not_o to_o oblige_v m_n c._n in_o so_o extravagant_a a_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o all_o the_o maxim_n of_o philosophy_n as_o that_o be_v which_o he_o seem_v to_o endeavour_v to_o defend_v when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o object_n draw_v the_o appetite_n and_o move_v the_o spirit_n for_o although_o this_o may_v be_v apply_v to_o a_o moral_a attraction_n as_o we_o speak_v in_o the_o school_n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o the_o good_a and_o the_o end_n be_v accustom_v to_o make_v yet_o in_o other_o encounter_v he_o well_o observe_v that_o he_o understand_v a_o physical_a attraction_n since_o he_o assure_v that_o the_o object_n have_v a_o adamantine_a quality_n which_o suppose_v a_o action_n of_o that_o kind_n i_o will_v not_o therefore_o insist_v thereupon_o see_v he_o will_v not_o clear_o make_v it_o appear_v what_o he_o think_v thereupon_o let_v we_o therefore_o follow_v he_o another_o way_n and_o see_v what_o endeavour_n he_o will_v make_v against_o the_o craft_n which_o beast_n use_v in_o hunt_v which_o we_o be_v assure_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o ratiocination_n chap._n iii_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o what_o m._n c._n have_v say_v against_o the_o second_o experience_n which_o we_o propose_v touch_v the_o wile_n of_o beast_n beast_n of_o the_o slight_n of_o beast_n certain_o we_o may_v say_v of_o a_o truth_n that_o here_o he_o oppose_v slight_n to_o slight_n and_o that_o he_o imitate_v those_o fish_n which_o cast_v abroad_o their_o ink_n to_o hide_v themselves_o from_o the_o eye_n and_o snare_n of_o the_o fisherman_n for_o to_o lessen_v the_o splendour_n and_o evidence_n of_o a_o reason_n with_o which_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v convince_v he_o cast_v obscurity_n on_o my_o word_n and_o say_v that_o all_o the_o difficulty_n to_o be_v find_v therein_o depend_v on_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o term_n of_o slight_n and_o of_o figure_v for_o my_o part_n who_o use_v according_a to_o the_o common_a sense_n they_o bear_v among_o we_o i_o believe_v unless_o a_o man_n be_v dutch_a or_o welsh_a he_o can_v find_v no_o equivoke_v in_o they_o after_o all_o if_o there_o be_v any_o m._n c._n shall_v have_v put_v they_o by_o and_o afterward_o have_v discover_v the_o weakness_n of_o the_o reason_n which_o i_o have_v hide_v as_o he_o feign_v under_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o those_o two_o term_n it_o also_o belong_v to_o he_o to_o propose_v some_o of_o those_o slight_n even_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v choose_v among_o they_o all_o that_o which_o to_o he_o seem_v most_o advantageous_a to_o i_o that_o demonstrate_v that_o discourse_n have_v no_o share_n in_o it_o he_o may_v render_v my_o reason_n useless_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o think_v himself_o sufficient_o shelter_v in_o say_v that_o if_o i_o have_v design_v any_o one_o of_o these_o slight_n in_o particular_a he_o will_v have_v endeavour_v to_o have_v explicate_v they_o but_o what_o since_o i_o design_v they_o all_o be_v it_o necessary_a for_o i_o to_o mark_v any_o in_o particular_a and_o since_o i_o except_v none_o ought_v he_o not_o to_o have_v judge_v that_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v any_o which_o do_v not_o serve_v for_o my_o cause_n and_o that_o the_o first_o of_o they_o which_o he_o shall_v have_v defeat_v will_v have_v render_v my_o objection_n vain_a and_o deficient_a true_o this_o make_v i_o remember_v those_o fanfawor_n to_o who_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o combat_n be_v offer_v and_o which_o afterward_o excuse_v themselves_o on_o this_o that_o that_o of_o the_o sword_n they_o be_v not_o design_v to_o wherein_o they_o vaunt_v they_o will_v have_v wrought_v wonder_n for_o my_o part_n i_o know_v not_o what_o there_o will_v have_v be_v which_o m._n c._n will_v have_v make_v in_o a_o particular_a examen_fw-la but_o i_o can_v say_v that_o in_o general_n he_o have_v wrought_v no_o great_a one_o and_o that_o when_o he_o content_v himself_o to_o assure_v we_o in_o gross_a that_o of_o all_o those_o slight_n some_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o instinct_n and_o other_o of_o memory_n and_o custom_n there_o be_v nothing_o therein_o wonderful_a unless_o he_o forget_v some_o which_o be_v neither_o make_v by_o instinct_n memory_n nor_o custom_n and_o that_o notwithstanding_o his_o induction_n be_v not_o complete_a yet_o he_o forbear_v not_o to_o draw_v a_o universal_a conclusion_n for_o set_v aside_o that_o instinct_n memory_n and_o custom_n do_v not_o exclude_v reason_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o old_a hare_n and_o fox_n be_v more_o wily_a than_o the_o young_a one_o and_o consequent_o they_o have_v particular_a wile_n which_o they_o have_v learn_v from_o themselves_o and_o which_o can_v come_v from_o instinct_n since_o instinct_n be_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v natural_a and_o common_a to_o all_o the_o species_n this_o be_v suppose_v when_o they_o first_o of_o all_o use_n these_o wile_n it_o be_v neither_o by_o custom_n nor_o memory_n see_v as_o yet_o they_o never_o have_v make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o that_o we_o can_v accustom_v ourselves_o to_o action_n which_o we_o never_o do_v neither_o can_v we_o remember_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v quite_o new_a we_o must_v then_o say_v that_o they_o come_v from_o elsewhere_o and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o form_n but_o reason_n since_o its_o only_a she_o to_o who_o it_o alone_o can_v be_v relate_v chap._n iu._n the_o examen_fw-la of_o what_o m._n c._n have_v say_v against_o our_o three_o experience_n draw_v from_o the_o custom_n and_o the_o instruction_n of_o beast_n time_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o time_n as_o the_o last_o of_o our_o experience_n which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o instruction_n and_o from_o the_o custom_n furnish_v we_o with_o a_o most_o powerful_a proof_n of_o the_o reason_n of_o beast_n it_o have_v oblige_v m._n c._n to_o form_n as_o it_o be_v a_o new_a body_n of_o
which_o the_o exterior_a sense_n can_v not_o furnish_v it_o withal_o that_o the_o knowledge_n which_o follow_v those_o image_n be_v sensible_a since_o it_o proceed_v from_o a_o sensitive_a faculty_n and_o therefore_o that_o there_o be_v no_o inconvenience_n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o sensible_a knowledge_n which_o need_v not_o be_v from_o the_o intermission_n of_o species_n from_o without_o 2._o that_o the_o imagination_n may_v represent_v to_o itself_o oblique_a negation_n and_o that_o that_o be_v sufficient_a to_o know_v that_o the_o object_n be_v no_o more_o 3._o that_o all_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n be_v sensible_a and_o that_o even_o the_o present_n be_v so_o at_o least_o by_o accident_n whether_o this_o knowledge_n be_v proper_a to_o the_o internal_a sense_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o exterior_a sense_n in_o fine_a that_o the_o image_n of_o several_a difference_n of_o time_n may_v be_v preserve_v together_o in_o the_o memory_n and_o that_o the_o imagination_n may_v consider_v they_o the_o one_o after_o the_o other_o that_o thus_o the_o past_a ill_n may_v be_v consider_v as_o present_v or_o as_o future_a and_o that_o where_o it_o cause_v the_o same_o effect_n it_o have_v cause_v be_v present_a or_o to_o come_v it_o be_v no_o long_o as_o pass_v but_o as_o present_v or_o as_o to_o come_v have_v take_v away_o all_o these_o difficulty_n which_o stop_v m.c._n touch_v the_o knowledge_n which_o the_o imagination_n have_v of_o thing_n present_a and_o to_o come_v its_o seem_v there_o be_v nothing_o more_o which_o can_v be_v oppose_v to_o the_o reason_n we_o have_v deduce_v from_o the_o custom_n and_o instruction_n which_o we_o give_v to_o beast_n for_o since_o present_a threat_n make_v they_o remember_v the_o blow_n they_o receive_v with_o their_o first_o lesson_n and_o that_o the_o remembrance_n of_o those_o blow_n which_o be_v pass_v make_v they_o fear_v those_o to_o come_v the_o imagination_n must_v needs_o unite_v the_o image_n of_o the_o threat_n with_o that_o of_o the_o blow_n which_o they_o have_v receive_v and_o in_o pursuit_n that_o they_o join_v the_o image_n of_o those_o blow_n with_o those_o other_o which_o they_o apprehend_v and_o true_o i_o expect_v from_o m._n c._n ingenuity_n that_o after_o have_v mature_o consider_v all_o these_o thing_n he_o will_v find_v some_o confusion_n in_o his_o mind_n for_o have_v so_o light_o condemn_v i_o of_o error_n and_o artifice_n in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o my_o reason_n for_o he_o say_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o examen_fw-la which_o he_o make_v of_o the_o precedent_n that_o there_o be_v not_o in_o it_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o truth_n and_o that_o whereas_o i_o do_v in_o some_o other_o reason_v insinuate_a error_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o some_o truth_n herein_o i_o have_v not_o use_v that_o artifice_n but_o fight_v only_o with_o argument_n in_o which_o there_o be_v not_o one_o true_a proposition_n to_o be_v find_v what!_o be_v it_o not_o true_a then_o that_o beast_n remember_v the_o good_a and_o evil_n that_o be_v past_a be_v it_o not_o true_a that_o they_o desire_v and_o that_o they_o fear_v those_o which_o be_v to_o come_v be_v it_o not_o true_a that_o the_o presence_n of_o certain_a object_n have_v replace_v in_o their_o memory_n those_o which_o they_o have_v former_o receive_v make_v they_o afterward_o fear_v the_o like_a what_o will_v it_o be_v think_v to_o conclude_v ill_a that_o since_o they_o do_v all_o these_o thing_n their_o imagination_n must_v go_v from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o that_o it_o must_v unite_v image_n and_o that_o it_o must_v form_v as_o many_o proposition_n as_o it_o make_v union_n for_o my_o part_n i_o must_v clear_o confess_v to_o m._n c._n that_o if_o those_o who_o shall_v be_v judge_n of_o our_o difference_n can_v be_v of_o his_o opinion_n i_o will_v set_v myself_o to_o write_v as_o false_a against_o philosophy_n against_o reason_n and_o against_o sense_n and_o i_o will_v abandon_v they_o all_o as_o deceiver_n which_o have_v abuse_v we_o and_o that_o instead_o of_o serve_v we_o as_o instrument_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o truth_n they_o corrupt_v it_o and_o hide_v it_o from_o we_o but_o without_o run_v to_o these_o extremity_n into_o which_o there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n i_o shall_v ever_o fall_v m.c._n be_v to_o be_v excuse_v of_o the_o ill_a opinion_n which_o he_o conceive_v against_o my_o first_o work_n i_o will_v indeed_o deal_v more_o civil_o with_o he_o than_o he_o have_v do_v with_o i_o and_o that_o i_o may_v not_o altogether_o condemn_v he_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o he_o may_v have_v find_v in_o my_o discourse_n such_o defect_n as_o may_v have_v engage_v he_o to_o that_o sense_n i_o have_v oblige_v myself_o to_o render_v they_o the_o short_a i_o can_v possible_o there_o be_v many_o place_n wherein_o i_o suppose_v certain_a knowledge_n which_o must_v be_v have_v from_o elsewhere_o or_o my_o ratiocination_n will_v be_v must_v straighten_v and_o in_o which_o i_o do_v but_o cast_v the_o seed_n of_o a_o great_a many_o induction_n which_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o they_o and_o without_o doubt_n that_o briefness_n do_v hide_v from_o m._n c_n eye_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o evidence_n and_o force_n of_o my_o reason_n and_o have_v make_v truth_n appear_v unto_o he_o as_o error_n and_o order_n as_o the_o subtlety_n of_o a_o sophist_n but_o i_o ought_v also_o to_o believe_v that_o after_o have_v correct_v myself_o for_o those_o defect_n and_o have_v take_v away_o all_o those_o obscurity_n which_o he_o meet_v withal_o by_o long_a explication_n he_o will_v no_o long_o account_n as_o they_o say_v truth_n for_o injustice_n but_o will_v ingenious_o confess_v that_o he_o have_v maintain_v a_o ill_a cause_n at_o least_o that_o i_o have_v not_o ill_o defend_v i_o and_o that_o my_o proposition_n be_v not_o so_o erroneous_a nor_o extravagant_a as_o he_o fancy_v they_o to_o wit_n whether_o without_o ratiocination_n the_o image_n of_o the_o memory_n move_v the_o imagination_n as_o if_o the_o object_n be_v present_a to_o continue_v therefore_o the_o design_n i_o have_v begin_v i_o shall_v advertise_v he_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o abuse_v himself_o with_o the_o experience_n he_o here_o produce_v since_o they_o be_v neither_o for_o he_o nor_o against_o he_o in_o effect_n when_o he_o say_v that_o by_o they_o he_o will_v prove_v that_o without_o reason_v the_o image_n of_o the_o memory_n move_v the_o imagination_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o the_o object_n be_v present_a what_o can_v he_o thence_o conclude_v to_o my_o prejudice_n shall_v i_o grant_v all_o those_o experience_n they_o be_v but_o particular_a fact_n which_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o there_o may_v be_v other_o wherein_o the_o imagination_n confer_v the_o present_a with_o the_o past_a and_o from_o thence_o draw_v consequence_n for_o the_o future_a beside_o that_o its_o easy_a to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o in_o most_o part_n of_o those_o he_o produce_v the_o 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remembrance_n of_o a_o good_a tale_n make_v we_o laugh_v or_o when_o the_o encounter_n of_o a_o person_n who_o have_v do_v we_o ill_o give_v we_o a_o sense_n of_o aversion_n because_o therein_o there_o be_v no_o express_a consideration_n of_o the_o future_a yet_o let_v not_o m.c._n for_o this_o imagine_v that_o i_o believe_v the_o imagination_n reason_n not_o in_o these_o passion_n although_o it_o confer_v not_o the_o past_a with_o the_o future_a it_o have_v other_o mean_n then_o that_o to_o reason_n and_o if_o he_o will_v well_o consider_v the_o last_o of_o my_o reason_n which_o after_o this_o i_o shall_v explicate_v he_o will_v see_v that_o the_o appetite_n be_v never_o move_v but_o in_o pursuit_n of_o some_o ratiocination_n as_o for_o the_o example_n of_o cassander_n who_o without_o shake_v can_v not_o look_v upon_o the_o
they_o when_o they_o come_v to_o she_o and_o that_o they_o cackle_v together_o and_o that_o afterward_o she_o only_o take_v the_o grain_n in_o her_o bill_n and_o so_o leave_v they_o without_o eat_v i_o will_v fain_o i_o say_v ask_v they_o whether_o they_o will_v acknowledge_v no_o discourse_n in_o all_o these_o proceed_n and_o whether_o they_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o she_o call_v her_o chicken_n with_o a_o a_o design_n to_o cause_v they_o to_o come_v to_o show_v they_o their_o food_n and_o to_o nourish_v they_o and_o that_o they_o themselves_o understand_v the_o voice_n which_o summon_v they_o that_o they_o comprehend_v the_o thing_n which_o she_o signify_v unto_o they_o and_o that_o they_o hope_v to_o find_v the_o good_a she_o tell_v they_o of_o can_v all_o this_o be_v do_v without_o discourse_n and_o a_o man_n who_o will_v do_v such_o like_a thing_n will_v he_o not_o be_v think_v reasonable_a they_o will_v without_o doubt_n say_v that_o this_o may_v be_v true_a in_o the_o most_o perfect_a animal_n in_o who_o its_o likely_a nature_n have_v give_v a_o voice_n for_o the_o communication_n of_o their_o thought_n but_o that_o if_o it_o have_v deprive_v other_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n they_o have_v no_o need_n of_o that_o communication_n and_o consequent_o they_o have_v no_o reason_n since_o they_o can_v entertain_v themselves_o nor_o discourse_n together_o we_o ready_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v many_o which_o be_v dumb_a and_o which_o by_o the_o voice_n can_v make_v themselves_o understand_v but_o if_o nature_n can_v not_o give_v it_o they_o because_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o respire_v she_o have_v recompense_v they_o in_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v supply_v that_o defect_n the_o most_o part_n of_o infect_v and_o even_o some_o fish_n have_v they_o not_o a_o particular_a sound_n which_o they_o form_n by_o move_v some_o part_n of_o their_o body_n whereby_o they_o make_v those_o passion_n appear_v wherewith_o they_o be_v agitate_a when_o the_o grasshopper_n sing_v in_o fair_a weather_n do_v they_o not_o witness_v the_o pleasure_n they_o receive_v thereby_o when_o bee_n humh_o extraordinary_o in_o their_o hive_n be_v it_o not_o a_o sign_n of_o the_o division_n which_o be_v among_o they_o and_o that_o hum_a noise_n which_o they_o make_v be_v stop_v be_v it_o not_o a_o evident_a sign_n of_o their_o anger_n on_o the_o contrary_a whoever_o have_v tell_v they_o that_o these_o animal_n do_v not_o make_v themselves_o understand_v by_o their_o gesture_n and_o by_o their_o motion_n certain_o after_o the_o example_n which_o we_o have_v of_o other_o animal_n which_o make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o mean_n to_o discover_v their_o intention_n it_o be_v to_o be_v very_o bold_a to_o say_v that_o these_o do_v not_o make_v use_n of_o it_o for_o the_o same_o design_n but_o what_o we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o most_o part_n of_o those_o which_o be_v ordinary_a not_o only_o in_o beast_n which_o live_v with_o we_o but_o even_o in_o man_n among_o who_o there_o be_v but_o few_o who_o have_v not_o some_o particular_a sign_n to_o make_v himself_o understand_v and_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o divine_v it_o but_o after_o a_o long_a habit_n and_o shall_v we_o dare_v assure_v that_o animal_n who_o nature_n and_o life_n be_v so_o far_o from_o estrange_v from_o we_o shall_v have_v none_o at_o all_o no_o no_o most_o part_n live_v together_o and_o even_o some_o keep_n some_o form_n of_o policy_n and_o of_o a_o republic_n as_o the_o aunt_n they_o must_v communicate_v their_o design_n since_o it_o be_v the_o only_a bond_n which_o bind_v and_o preserve_v all_o society_n after_o all_o be_v it_o true_a that_o beast_n perform_v all_o their_o action_n by_o the_o only_a conduct_n of_o instinct_n without_o communicate_v their_o thought_n together_o what_o necessity_n will_v there_o be_v that_o for_o that_o cause_n they_o shall_v not_o reason_n may_v they_o not_o reason_n in_o themselves_o and_o a_o man_n who_o be_v all_o alone_a or_o deprive_v of_o the_o use_n of_o all_o the_o organ_n whereby_o he_o may_v make_v himself_o understand_v will_v he_o be_v for_o that_o deprive_v of_o reason_n i_o know_v very_o well_o that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n who_o will_v censure_v without_o passion_n what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v of_o the_o language_n of_o beast_n but_o will_v approve_v it_o and_o will_v not_o only_o wonder_v at_o the_o design_n m._n c._n have_v make_v to_o confute_v it_o but_o much_o more_o at_o those_o reason_n which_o he_o have_v make_v use_n of_o to_o that_o purpose_n page_n 160._o for_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o a_o witty_a man_n as_o he_o be_v shall_v not_o have_v know_v that_o all_o those_o which_o he_o use_v be_v useless_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n and_o shake_v not_o any_o of_o my_o proof_n nor_o of_o my_o conclusion_n in_o effect_n all_o what_o he_o say_v be_v ground_v on_o the_o definition_n of_o human_a speech_n and_o on_o those_o design_n which_o the_o understanding_n form_n which_o be_v not_o here_o in_o question_n so_o that_o all_o the_o consequence_n he_o draw_v from_o these_o two_o principle_n must_v needs_o be_v vain_a and_o impertinent_a according_a to_o the_o term_n of_o the_o school_n and_o in_o defence_n it_o be_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o say_v that_o he_o suppose_v what_o he_o shall_v prove_v and_o touch_v not_o on_o the_o difficulty_n but_o because_o he_o be_v not_o of_o so_o easy_a a_o composition_n as_o i_o persuade_v myself_o as_o in_o this_o chapter_n he_o assure_v we_o and_o perhaps_o so_o short_a a_o answer_n can_v not_o make_v he_o comprehend_v the_o defect_n of_o his_o censure_n i_o shall_v explain_v myself_o along_o with_o he_o and_o examine_v all_o his_o proposition_n one_o after_o another_o but_o i_o will_v not_o stop_v at_o these_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o chapter_n where_o he_o have_v more_o labour_v the_o gentility_n than_o the_o solidity_n of_o thought_n and_o where_o he_o rather_o endeavour_v to_o show_v the_o beauty_n of_o his_o mind_n rather_o than_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o dispute_n for_o when_o he_o say_v that_o to_o persuade_v he_o that_o a_o beast_n reason_n the_o beast_n itself_o must_v tell_v he_o so_o i_o find_v that_o to_o be_v as_o pleasant_o and_o gallant_o imagine_v as_o he_o be_v weak_a to_o prove_v what_o he_o pretend_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o likelihood_n that_o he_o will_v believe_v a_o beast_n upon_o its_o bare_a word_n he_o particular_o who_o be_v so_o hard_a to_o be_v persuade_v and_o will_v not_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v touch_v with_o so_o many_o important_a truth_n as_o have_v be_v propose_v to_o he_o for_o my_o part_n be_v i_o of_o his_o opinion_n shall_v all_o beast_n together_o tell_v i_o that_o they_o discourse_v i_o will_v not_o believe_v they_o neither_o shall_v they_o any_o more_o persuade_v it_o i_o than_o all_o the_o fool_n i_o know_v shall_v do_v they_o assure_v i_o they_o be_v wise_a but_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o m._n c._n in_o earnest_a thought_n to_o have_v thereby_o prove_v that_o beast_n do_v not_o reason_n those_o also_o of_o china_n or_o malabare_n to_o persuade_v he_o that_o they_o be_v reasonable_a must_v tell_v it_o he_o themselves_o and_o he_o must_v needs_o fall_v into_o that_o inconvenience_n that_o until_o he_o can_v understand_v their_o language_n he_o must_v still_o be_v oblige_v to_o doubt_v of_o it_o for_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o say_v that_o the_o figure_n of_o man_n will_v sufficient_o clear_v it_o since_o there_o have_v be_v beast_n discover_v which_o be_v so_o like_o man_n that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o difference_n as_o to_o the_o outward_a form_n after_o all_o there_o will_v be_v but_o one_o only_a answer_n to_o make_v hereupon_o that_o animal_n have_v often_o tell_v he_o that_o they_o have_v reason_n and_o if_o he_o understand_v they_o not_o it_o be_v his_o fault_n and_o none_o of_o they_o but_o say_v he_o they_o ought_v then_o to_o tell_v it_o he_o in_o the_o language_n of_o man_n and_o learn_v to_o speak_v as_o we_o do_v this_o be_v neither_o just_a nor_o necessary_a why_o shall_v they_o be_v more_o oblige_v to_o learn_v the_o language_n of_o man_n than_o man_n be_v to_o learn_v they_o and_o ought_v not_o m._n c._n to_o have_v imagine_v that_o they_o may_v say_v the_o same_o thing_n of_o he_o as_o he_o do_v of_o they_o and_o that_o they_o have_v reason_n to_o doubt_v whither_o he_o reason_n until_o they_o have_v learn_v his_o language_n and_o that_o he_o have_v assure_v they_o of_o it_o in_o the_o same_o term_n as_o they_o use_v among_o themselves_o he_o add_v that_o if_o they_o can_v learn_v to_o speak_v it_o come_v from_o no_o indisposition_n which_o they_o have_v in_o their_o organ_n as_o may_v be_v imagine_v for_o their_o organ_n differ_v
according_a to_o the_o cry_v they_o make_v when_o they_o be_v agitate_a with_o some_o vehement_a passion_n m.c._n be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o trouble_n they_o cause_n precipitate_v all_o the_o design_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o often_o pervert_v and_o corrupt_v they_o he_o know_v that_o speech_n which_o be_v destine_v for_o society_n escape_v those_o who_o be_v alone_o when_o they_o suffer_v any_o great_a motion_n of_o joy_n or_o displeasure_n that_o a_o man_n in_o anger_n revenge_v himself_o untimely_a and_o strike_v without_o cause_n who_o he_o first_o meet_v that_o violent_a desire_n cause_v the_o mouth_n to_o water_n when_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v unnecessary_a and_o a_o hundred_o such_o like_a example_n which_o all_o the_o passion_n furnish_v without_o doubt_n there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o groan_n of_o a_o dog_n when_o he_o be_v sensible_a of_o a_o strong_a grief_n or_o when_o he_o will_v enter_v into_o a_o chamber_n which_o be_v shut_v in_o the_o first_o he_o scarce_o know_v why_o he_o complain_v but_o in_o the_o other_o he_o know_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v let_v in_o and_o undoubted_o he_o think_v to_o call_v some_o one_o to_o let_v he_o in_o for_o we_o do_v not_o say_v as_o m.c._n will_v have_v we_o believe_v p._n 166._o that_o his_o design_n be_v to_o address_v his_o voice_n to_o other_o dog_n to_o open_v it_o to_o he_o because_o he_o have_v no_o experience_n that_o dog_v open_a door_n but_o that_o it_o be_v man_n which_o open_v they_o to_o clear_v this_o truth_n i_o will_v counsel_v he_o to_o come_v to_o paris_n to_o consult_v with_o famous_a montdory_n cat_n which_o be_v so_o discreet_a that_o she_o never_o mean_v to_o come_v into_o the_o chamber_n when_o she_o find_v it_o shut_v she_o only_o draw_v a_o little_a bell_n which_o hang_v at_o the_o door_n and_o if_o at_o first_o sound_v they_o come_v not_o and_o open_v it_o she_o redouble_v it_o until_o she_o be_v let_v in_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o after_o have_v know_v that_o no_o body_n trouble_v themselves_o to_o teach_v she_o to_o draw_v the_o bell_n and_o that_o of_o itself_o this_o wise_a beast_n do_v learn_v to_o imitate_v those_o person_n which_o she_o have_v see_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n i_o say_v i_o doubt_v not_o but_o he_o will_v judge_v either_o that_o the_o cat_n itself_o will_v answer_v he_o if_o he_o will_v interrogate_v she_o thereupon_o that_o she_o have_v no_o design_n to_o call_v other_o cat_n to_o open_v she_o the_o door_n but_o those_o person_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v it_o after_o all_o shall_v a_o dog_n or_o a_o cat_n address_v its_o voice_n to_o other_o creature_n as_o in_o several_a encounter_n without_o doubt_n it_o may_v and_o that_o they_o will_v not_o come_v to_o its_o aid_n as_o m._n c._n say_v what_o consequence_n can_v he_o draw_v from_o thence_o but_o that_o it_o be_v deceive_v in_o its_o design_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o many_o who_o unprofitable_o demand_v succour_n from_o those_o who_o either_o can_v or_o will_v not_o give_v it_o they_o this_o be_v all_o what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o what_o m.c._n propose_v concern_v the_o language_n of_o beast_n and_o which_o will_v also_o serve_v for_o a_o answer_n to_o what_o he_o object_n against_o the_o other_o action_n which_o they_o perform_v to_o make_v their_o thought_n know_v for_o confess_v that_o the_o gesture_n the_o mind_n and_o the_o look_n do_v it_o as_o well_o as_o the_o voice_n he_o say_v as_o before_o that_o it_o be_v without_o design_n and_o that_o there_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o their_o passion_n of_o which_o reason_n and_o design_n do_v not_o participate_v but_o it_o be_v easy_a thereby_o to_o see_v that_o he_o confound_v the_o design_n of_o the_o understanding_n with_o that_o of_o the_o imagination_n as_o he_o have_v do_v before_o wherefore_o i_o shall_v send_v he_o back_o to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o answer_v since_o beast_n speak_v they_o must_v needs_o reason_n after_o all_o these_o proof_n which_o evident_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o beast_n communicate_v their_o thought_n and_o speak_v together_o have_v we_o not_o reason_n from_o thence_o to_o infer_v that_o they_o do_v reason_n not_o only_o because_o m._n c._n find_v this_o consequence_n necessary_a but_o also_o because_o they_o can_v make_v their_o intention_n know_v to_o demand_n help_v the_o one_o of_o another_o with_o out_o form_v a_o perfect_a ratiocination_n see_v that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o several_a judgement_n to_o be_v make_v in_o these_o encounter_n so_o many_o progress_v which_o the_o soul_n make_v from_o cause_n to_o their_o effect_n from_o sign_n to_o thing_n signify_v and_o from_o good_n and_o evil_n present_v to_o those_o which_o be_v past_a and_o to_o come_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o we_o must_v find_v it_o in_o the_o form_n and_o contexture_n of_o discourse_n all_o what_o m._n c._n oppose_v hereunto_o be_v that_o he_o have_v show_v how_o beast_n communicate_v their_o thought_n and_o how_o this_o communication_n may_v be_v make_v without_o ratiocination_n but_o if_o my_o memory_n be_v good_a all_o his_o proof_n reduce_v itself_o into_o two_o reason_n which_o we_o have_v destroy_v the_o one_o that_o they_o have_v no_o speech_n and_o the_o other_o that_o they_o have_v no_o design_n or_o intention_n to_o make_v know_v their_o thought_n in_o a_o word_n we_o have_v prove_v the_o contrary_a and_o consequent_o according_a to_o m._n c_n maxim_n have_v we_o no_o other_o mark_n of_o their_o ratiocination_n it_o must_v follow_v that_o they_o reason_n since_o we_o have_v make_v it_o appear_v that_o they_o speak_v as_o for_o the_o example_n which_o we_o produce_v of_o a_o hen_n which_o call_v her_o chicken_n to_o impart_v unto_o they_o the_o grain_n she_o have_v find_v and_o that_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o she_o have_v a_o design_n to_o make_v they_o come_v to_o show_v they_o their_o food_n and_o to_o nourish_v they_o and_o that_o they_o also_o must_v understand_v the_o voice_n which_o summon_v they_o comprehend_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v signify_v by_o it_o and_o hope_v for_o the_o good_a which_o it_o announce_v he_o answer_v only_o that_o all_o this_o be_v do_v by_o instinct_n but_o this_o be_v not_o to_o take_v away_o the_o difficulty_n the_o question_n be_v to_o know_v whether_o all_o these_o action_n be_v do_v with_o knowledge_n for_o if_o it_o be_v so_o we_o must_v also_o confess_v that_o there_o be_v a_o ratiocination_n since_o so_o many_o progress_v of_o one_o knowledge_n to_o another_o can_v be_v without_o discourse_n and_o it_o matter_n not_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o instinct_n for_o as_o fear_v which_o come_v from_o instinct_n be_v a_o true_a fear_n and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o species_n as_o be_v that_o which_o come_v from_o elsewhere_o the_o ratiocination_n which_o precede_v the_o instinct_n must_v needs_o be_v a_o true_a ratiocination_n and_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o the_o other_o now_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v contest_v but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o knowledge_n in_o all_o the_o action_n which_o the_o hen_n and_o chicken_n do_v in_o the_o example_n we_o bring_v design_n and_o intention_n be_v therein_o as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v the_o intention_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o appetite_n which_o tend_v towards_o good_a &_o that_o the_o hen_n and_o chicken_n will_v do_v the_o thing_n they_o do_v and_o consequent_o form_v the_o design_n thereof_o which_o be_v a_o motion_n of_o the_o appetite_n which_o tend_v towards_o the_o good_a the_o design_n because_o it_o be_v a_o proposition_n which_o the_o faculty_n make_v to_o execute_v what_o it_o find_v useful_a which_o ever_o go_v before_o the_o intention_n and_o which_o consequent_o precede_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o hen_n and_o of_o the_o chicken_n they_o agitate_v they_o with_o knowledge_n that_o be_v to_o say_v they_o conceive_v the_o thing_n which_o they_o judge_v good_a and_o that_o they_o from_o thence_o draw_v those_o consequence_n which_o we_o have_v observe_v all_o the_o difference_n which_o the_o instinct_n bring_v thereunto_o be_v that_o the_o sense_n furnish_v they_o not_o with_o all_o the_o thing_n which_o they_o know_v and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o object_n of_o their_o knowledge_n must_v come_v from_o elsewhere_o but_o whence_o soever_o they_o come_v they_o form_n image_n thereof_o and_o afterward_o unite_v they_o together_o wherein_o all_o knowledge_n consist_v and_o be_v there_o any_o exterior_a thing_n intervening_a among_o these_o action_n it_o will_v be_v as_o a_o help_n and_o not_o as_o a_o principle_n because_o they_o be_v vital_a action_n who_o faculty_n which_o be_v bear_v with_o the_o animal_n be_v the_o first_o and_o last_o cause_n but_o we_o shall_v more_o careful_o examine_v this_o in_o the_o discourse_n of_o the_o instinct_n
their_o intention_n all_o this_o i_o say_v be_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v or_o the_o superior_a and_o intellectual_a reason_n and_o do_v not_o include_v that_o which_o the_o imagination_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o form_n in_o these_o encounter_n wherefore_o all_o the_o consequence_n he_o draw_v from_o thence_o &_o which_o he_o apply_v to_o the_o action_n of_o beast_n be_v vain_a and_o concern_v not_o the_o difficulty_n in_o hand_n i_o leave_v what_o he_o say_v pag._n 173._o that_o there_o be_v no_o likelihood_n that_o beast_n shall_v not_o move_v themselves_o unless_o by_o the_o force_n of_o syllogism_n and_o before_o they_o shall_v be_v draw_v by_o a_o voice_n they_o must_v make_v at_o least_o twenty_o five_o ratiocination_n for_o beside_o that_o his_o calculation_n be_v not_o very_o just_a we_o have_v answer_v to_o these_o kind_n of_o objection_n in_o several_a place_n of_o this_o work_n and_o principal_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n of_o the_o three_o part._n and_o as_o for_o what_o he_o maintain_v that_o there_o follow_v no_o inconvenience_n to_o say_v that_o this_o mutual_a intelligence_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o animal_n of_o the_o same_o species_n proceed_v altogether_o from_o the_o instinct_n we_o consent_v thereunto_o so_o as_o he_o will_v but_o be_v better_o instruct_v concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o instinct_n than_o he_o be_v and_o remember_v himself_o of_o what_o we_o late_o say_v that_o instinct_n hinder_v not_o but_o that_o action_n may_v be_v do_v with_o knowledge_n and_o that_o the_o animal_n be_v not_o the_o principal_a and_o immediate_a cause_n thereof_o let_v we_o conclude_v with_o that_o fair_a observation_n m.c._n have_v make_v p._n 173._o upon_o what_o i_o have_v say_v that_o he_o that_o shall_v well_o mind_v the_o language_n of_o bird_n will_v make_v no_o difficulty_n to_o believe_v that_o tiresias_n melampus_n and_o apollonius_n have_v former_o understand_v it_o for_o he_o have_v unlinked_a this_o observation_n out_o of_o its_o place_n that_o he_o may_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o make_v on_o it_o the_o long_o a_o censure_n and_o have_v place_v it_o at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o chapter_n as_o a_o morrer-peece_n of_o his_o munition_n and_o of_o his_o address_n and_o true_o i_o confess_v that_o he_o be_v not_o ignorant_a in_o fable_n and_o that_o he_o very_o well_o know_v the_o adventure_n of_o tiresias_n and_o the_o genealogy_n of_o melampus_n and_o i_o also_o profess_v he_o make_v as_o ill_a use_n of_o the_o artifice_n of_o a_o orator_n who_o seek_v to_o render_v odious_a or_o ridiculous_a what_o be_v propose_v by_o his_o adversary_n for_o who_o be_v there_o who_o know_v that_o i_o speak_v of_o tiresias_n and_o melampus_n which_o be_v name_n only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o fable_n as_o m._n c._n assure_v we_o will_v not_o with_o he_o say_v that_o a_o cause_n have_v very_o great_a need_n of_o help_n when_o it_o make_v use_v of_o such_o base_a authority_n but_o to_o defend_v myself_o from_o his_o artifice_n and_o to_o disabuse_v those_o he_o may_v have_v persuade_v i_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o say_v but_o that_o although_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o tiresias_n of_o melampus_n and_o apollonius_n i_o have_v not_o make_v use_n of_o their_o authority_n neither_o do_v i_o assure_v that_o what_o be_v speak_v of_o they_o be_v false_a or_o true_a it_o be_v also_o a_o thing_n which_o to_o i_o aught_o to_o be_v indifferent_a and_o whatever_o it_o be_v i_o may_v reasonable_o say_v that_o who_o will_v well_o observe_v the_o language_n of_o bird_n will_v make_v no_o difficulty_n to_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v former_o understand_v it_o there_o be_v but_o few_o thing_n in_o fable_n whence_o as_o much_o may_v not_o be_v say_v when_o a_o truth_n be_v discover_v which_o have_v relation_n to_o it_o why_o may_v we_o not_o say_v after_o the_o experience_n we_o have_v see_v in_o our_o time_n some_o girl_n that_o have_v change_v sex_n that_o there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n to_o believe_v what_o the_o poet_n have_v relate_v of_o iphis_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o name_n to_o be_v find_v only_o in_o the_o fable_n no_o more_o than_o that_o of_o tiresias_n and_o no_o man_n will_v say_v that_o in_o this_o encounter_n we_o use_v the_o authority_n of_o poet_n and_o the_o example_n of_o iphis_n to_o prove_v that_o this_o change_n may_v be_v do_v natural_o since_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v the_o experience_n we_o bring_v which_o give_v a_o likelihood_n to_o what_o they_o have_v say_v so_o far_o from_o it_o be_v from_o it_o that_o my_o cause_n shall_v need_v so_o idle_a a_o authority_n and_o the_o example_n of_o tiresias_n and_o melampus_n which_o be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o poet_n that_o its_o that_o which_o authorise_v they_o and_o which_o of_o fabulous_a which_o they_o be_v render_v they_o credible_a and_o any_o equitable_a person_n may_v judge_v that_o its_o a_o consequence_n which_o i_o draw_v from_o the_o truth_n which_o i_o have_v establish_v and_o not_o as_o m._n c._n say_v that_o its_o a_o proof_n and_o a_o authority_n with_o which_o i_o will_v maintain_v they_o this_o be_v all_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o the_o three_o objection_n which_o be_v make_v against_o the_o reason_n of_o animal_n there_o remain_v yet_o one_o of_o the_o instinct_n which_o shall_v terminate_v this_o discourse_n but_o indeed_o it_o deserve_v a_o entire_a volume_n and_o there_o be_v so_o many_o thing_n to_o be_v examine_v and_o there_o be_v so_o many_o thing_n which_o rob_v i_o of_o the_o time_n i_o need_v that_o be_v not_o able_a so_o ready_o to_o put_v my_o last_o hand_n to_o it_o i_o think_v that_o m_o c._n might_n no_o long_o languish_v in_o the_o expectation_n he_o have_v i_o ought_v to_o divide_v my_o answer_n and_o give_v he_o that_o which_o concern_v the_o raciotination_n of_o beast_n till_o i_o can_v end_v that_o of_o the_o instinct_n and_o indeed_o have_v it_o be_v ready_a it_o will_v have_v trouble_v my_o conscience_n to_o have_v afflict_v m_o c._n with_o the_o sight_n of_o so_o great_a a_o volume_n nay_o even_o i_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o same_o apprehension_n to_o have_v keep_v off_o our_o judge_n by_o the_o length_n of_o our_o indifference_n and_o with_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o piece_n which_o be_v to_o be_v examine_v after_o all_o the_o retrenchment_n i_o make_v of_o that_o part_n of_o our_o contest_v will_n not_o wrong_v this_o which_o i_o now_o present_a for_o be_v it_o true_a that_o beast_n do_v not_o reason_n in_o those_o action_n which_o they_o do_v by_o instinct_n there_o be_v several_z other_o enough_o in_o which_o instinct_n have_v no_o share_n which_o evident_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o they_o reason_n as_o those_o act_n which_o they_o do_v out_o of_o custom_n by_o instruction_n and_o general_o all_o those_o which_o they_o do_v with_o knowledge_n so_o the_o proof_n of_o their_o ratiocination_n remain_v all_o entire_a although_o we_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o instinct_n and_o what_o ever_o may_v be_v say_v of_o it_o finis_fw-la