yield_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o what_o the_o other_o do_v so_o great_a difference_n be_v there_o in_o be_v at_o the_o foot_n and_o on_o the_o east_n of_o a_o mountain_n these_o 5_o cassilif_n answer_v to_o the_o high_a egypt_n or_o the_o thebais_n of_o the_o ancient_n in_o which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o city_n wall_v town_n and_o village_n as_o be_v general_o find_v throughout_o all_o egypt_n as_o anon_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o those_o cassilif_n of_o fium_fw-la and_o giza_n with_o the_o territory_n of_o cairo_n to_o the_o middle_n the_o cassilif_n of_o fium_fw-la and_o giza_n have_v very_o good_a earth_n and_o which_o be_v easy_o water_v by_o the_o nile_n it_o yield_v store_n of_o grain_n fruit_n as_o raisin_n etc._n etc._n flax_n milk_n feed_v many_o cattle_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o cassilif_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o last_o have_v not_o a_o free_a sword_n that_o be_v have_v not_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n as_o he_o please_v as_o the_o other_o have_v be_v out_o of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o arab_n and_o too_o near_a cairo_n of_o which_o a_o word_n or_o two_o describe_v city_n of_o cairo_n describe_v this_o city_n of_o cairo_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v all_o the_o ornament_n of_o egypt_n it_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o sultan_n be_v now_o of_o the_o bassa_n some_o make_v it_o very_o great_a other_o much_o less_o the_o first_o compose_v it_o of_o 4_o part_n to_o wit_n old_a cairo_n new_a cairo_n boulac_n and_o charafat_n there_o be_v some_o void_a place_n between_o each_o they_o say_v that_o these_o 4_o part_n together_o with_o their_o suburb_n may_v be_v about_o 10_o or_o 12_o league_n long_o and_o 7_o or_o 8_o broad_a nor_o give_v they_o it_o less_o than_o 25_o or_o 30_o league_n circuit_n they_o count_v 16_o or_o 18000_o street_n 6000_o mosque_n and_o if_o the_o particular_a oratory_n be_v comprise_v above_o 20000_o as_o also_o they_o account_v about_o 200000_o house_n among_o which_o be_v divers_a bazar_n or_o market_n cane_n or_o magazine_n of_o certain_a merchandize_n many_o hospital_n and_o magnificent_a structure_n the_o castle_n be_v great_a strong_a and_o well_o fortify_v situate_a on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o rock_n which_o overlook_v the_o city_n and_o discover_v the_o plain_a on_o all_o side_n even_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o sight_n the_o building_n painting_n and_o other_o ornament_n which_o yet_o remain_v do_v testify_v the_o magnificence_n of_o the_o sultan_n this_o castle_n as_o heylin_n note_v for_o largeness_n wall_n and_o divide_v into_o many_o court_n in_o which_o be_v stately_a building_n but_o now_o have_v lose_v much_o of_o its_o glory_n be_v in_o part_n destroy_v by_o selimus_n that_o which_o now_o remain_v serve_v for_o the_o court_n or_o habitation_n of_o the_o bassa_n in_o and_o about_o this_o city_n be_v abundance_n of_o delicate_a orchard_n which_o be_v place_n of_o great_a delight_n in_o which_o be_v excellent_a fruit_n walk_n etc._n etc._n and_o nigh_o to_o this_o city_n there_o be_v a_o pleasant_a lake_n which_o be_v much_o frequent_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o for_o their_o recreation_n pass_v some_o time_n daily_o on_o this_o lake_n in_o boat_n for_o their_o further_a mutual_a society_n and_o see_v their_o friend_n and_o acquaintance_n cairo_n caesar_n lambert_n his_o description_n of_o cairo_n caesar_n lambert_n of_o marsillia_n in_o his_o relation_n of_o the_o year_n 1627._o 28_o 29_o and_o 32_o say_v that_o cairo_n separate_v from_o the_o other_o city_n and_o town_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o paris_n and_o if_o a_o eye_n witness_n of_o both_o may_v be_v believe_v he_o speak_v truth_n and_o take_v for_o witness_n some_o eminent_a french_a gentleman_n then_o at_o cairo_n who_o confess_v that_o join_v it_o to_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n adjacent_a it_o may_v with_o reason_n be_v call_v grand_a cairo_n but_o however_o he_o maintain_v this_o to_o be_v but_o almost_o the_o shadow_n of_o cairo_n as_o it_o be_v 100_o and_o odd_a year_n since_o so_o much_o be_v the_o trade_n diminish_v and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o report_n of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n he_o say_v likewise_o that_o the_o castle_n have_v be_v much_o great_a and_o more_o magnificent_a than_o it_o be_v at_o present_a and_o observe_v several_a footstep_n or_o proud_a building_n now_o of_o no_o use_n and_o after_o all_o say_v that_o this_o be_v not_o strong_a cairo_n sandys_n his_o description_n of_o cairo_n sandys_n in_o his_o book_n of_o tavel_n among_o other_o remarkable_a thing_n make_v this_o description_n of_o it_o say_v that_o this_o great_a city_n call_v grand_a cairo_n be_v inhabit_v by_o moor_n turk_n negro_n jew_n copty_v greek_n and_o armenian_n who_o be_v observe_v to_o be_v the_o poor_a and_o yet_o the_o most_o laborious_a the_o civil_a and_o honest_a of_o all_o other_o they_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o the_o turk_n neither_o do_v they_o pay_v he_o any_o tribute_n of_o child_n as_o other_o christian_n do_v and_o it_o they_o 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blunt_n have_v observe_v during_o his_o abode_n there_o first_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v mosque_n and_o oratory_n to_o the_o number_n of_o thirty_o five_o thousand_o some_o of_o which_o be_v very_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a next_o he_o say_v there_o be_v twenty_o four_o thousand_o note_a street_n beside_o by-street_n and_o lane_n and_o some_o of_o these_o street_n be_v about_o two_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o to_o all_o these_o street_n at_o each_o end_n there_o be_v a_o door_n which_o every_o night_n be_v lock_v up_o and_o keep_v guard_v by_o which_o mean_v tumult_n robbery_n fire_n or_o the_o like_a be_v prevent_v and_o without_o the_o city_n to_o hinder_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o arab_n from_o abroad_o there_o do_v also_o watch_v every_o night_n four_o saniack_n with_o each_o of_o they_o one_o thousand_o horseman_n the_o number_n of_o man_n that_o do_v every_o night_n guard_v this_o city_n be_v twenty_o eight_o thousand_o this_o city_n be_v build_v he_o say_v after_o 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of_o the_o latitude_n from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o be_v circular_a furthermore_o that_o the_o section_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o latitude_n from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v circular_a be_v prove_v by_o many_o celestial_a appearance_n first_o if_o this_o line_n a_o b_o c_o d_o any_o place_n whatsoever_o be_v take_v in_o b_o some_o man_n go_v forward_o towards_o either_o pole_n m_n or_o towards_o the_o star_n near_o it_o he_o observe_v by_o his_o progress_v make_v equal_o that_o he_o approach_v equal_o to_o the_o pole_n but_o this_o can_v not_o be_v do_v unless_o the_o line_n of_o his_o journey_n b_o a_o c_o d_o be_v circular_a and_o it_o be_v commodious_o show_v by_o the_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n second_o because_o a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v the_o meridian_n line_n into_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n come_v it_o be_v midday_n to_o we_o and_o to_o all_o people_n dwell_v in_o this_o line_n a_o b_o c_o experience_n 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periphery_n of_o the_o place_n but_o they_o pass_v through_o the_o same_o point_n of_o heaven_n to_o wit_n the_o pole_n of_o conversion_n near_o adjacent_a to_o the_o polar_a star_n from_o these_o two_o reason_n we_o may_v solid_o infer_v and_o prove_v that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a for_o it_o be_v a_o geometrical_a theorem_fw-la which_o therefore_o ought_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o geometrician_n thus_o if_o any_o solid_a body_n be_v cut_v in_o many_o plane_n it_o matter_n not_o how_o pass_v through_o some_o one_o point_n and_o all_o the_o section_n or_o division_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o circle_n that_o body_n be_v spherical_a reason_n other_o reason_n here_o come_v another_o reason_n take_v from_o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o earth_n on_o her_o averse_a part_n to_o the_o sun_n disperse_v to_o the_o moon_n whereby_o she_o suffer_v a_o eclipse_n forasmuch_o as_o this_o shadow_n be_v conical_a or_o like_o a_o spire_n of_o a_o steeple_n as_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o obscuration_n of_o the_o moon_n but_o if_o we_o deal_v rigid_o the_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o view_n and_o consideration_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v these_o follow_v first_o again_o again_o from_o the_o sail_v round_o the_o earth_n because_o our_o man_n of_o europe_n hoist_v sail_n eight_o time_n from_o europe_n with_o a_o direct_a journey_n to_o the_o west_n and_o south_n even_o unto_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n afterward_o to_o the_o west_n and_o north_n they_o return_v again_o from_o the_o east_n into_o europe_n and_o all_o those_o appearance_n happen_v to_o they_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o property_n of_o the_o globe_n which_o sure_o have_v not_o be_v do_v if_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o be_v round_o and_o certain_o upon_o the_o supposition_n of_o that_o figure_n of_o the_o earth_n all_o those_o circumnavigation_n be_v ground_v which_o therefore_o have_v not_o take_v such_o happy_a success_n if_o the_o form_n have_v be_v otherwise_o second_o furthermore_n furthermore_n when_o either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n we_o take_v our_o departure_n from_o high_a tower_n and_o mountain_n than_o the_o low_a part_n thereof_o be_v abscond_v from_o we_o and_o by_o degree_n more_o and_o more_o till_o at_o last_o the_o very_a top_n thereof_o be_v quite_o take_v from_o our_o sight_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n when_o as_o for_o a_o long_a distance_n we_o come_v to_o a_o tower_n or_o mountain_n first_o the_o top_n present_v itself_o to_o our_o view_n than_o the_o inferior_a part_n till_o at_o last_o through_o our_o near_a distance_n the_o foot_n thereof_o be_v see_v and_o this_o increase_n of_o apparition_n and_o occultation_n be_v altogether_o make_v according_a to_o such_o a_o proportion_n as_o the_o spherical_a tumour_n or_o swell_a of_o the_o earth_n be_v able_a to_o make_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v explicate_v by_o any_o other_o figure_n the_o diagram_n will_v make_v the_o proposition_n more_o clear_a three_o because_o that_o the_o measure_v the_o height_n of_o mountain_n or_o great_a hill_n which_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o globous_a form_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v by_o experience_n to_o agree_v with_o a_o real_a truth_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o earth_n further_a reason_n to_o prove_v the_o rotundity_n of_o the_o earth_n furthermore_o that_o we_o may_v draw_v together_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o these_o argument_n take_v à _fw-la posteriori_fw-la into_o one_o sum_n although_o they_o may_v be_v handle_v geometrical_o but_o that_o business_n will_v be_v of_o great_a labour_n and_o difficulty_n for_o it_o must_v be_v demonstrate_v that_o this_o or_o that_o different_a property_n be_v put_v that_o the_o line_n be_v circular_a
a_o c_o to_o be_v a_o f_o a_o g_o a_o h_o a_o k_o as_o they_o be_v equal_v a_o b_o f_o g_o g_o h_o h_o k_o whence_o the_o part_n b_o c_o cd_o d_o e_z seem_v elevate_v as_o if_o they_o be_v f_z g_o g_o h_o h_o k._n or_o more_o brief_o because_o the_o eye_n be_v more_o elevate_v to_o behold_v object_n remote_a than_o it_o be_v depress_v at_o thing_n near_o therefore_o remote_a thing_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v elevate_v and_o those_o nigh_o depress_v or_o because_o we_o compare_v the_o elevation_n of_o our_o eye_n to_o part_n vicine_fw-la therefore_o we_o judge_v they_o depress_v but_o we_o can_v so_o compare_v the_o elevation_n of_o our_o eye_n to_o part_n remote_a wherefore_o they_o seem_v more_o elevate_v than_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v so_o therefore_o we_o see_v from_o this_o that_o the_o ocean_n to_o one_o that_o behold_v it_o from_o the_o shoar_n seem_v high_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o remote_a from_o thence_o i_o say_v it_o be_v no_o probation_n that_o it_o be_v 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be_v remove_v by_o the_o violent_a wave_n and_o so_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o bay_n and_o strait_n may_v be_v make_v and_o exist_v anew_o but_o thence_o we_o may_v not_o conclude_v that_o all_o bay_n and_o strait_n that_o be_v at_o this_o day_n be_v so_o generate_v for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o some_o exi_v with_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o ocean_n and_o therefore_o coeval_fw-fr with_o the_o very_a ocean_n for_o there_o be_v no_o record_n of_o the_o make_n of_o any_o new_a bay_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o streight_n although_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n fabulous_o report_v such_o concern_v the_o generation_n of_o the_o gaditan_a or_o herculean_a strait_n viz._n they_o say_v that_o the_o mountain_n calpe_n on_o the_o spanish_a coast_n and_o the_o mountain_n abyla_n on_o the_o african_a coast_n be_v one_o mountain_n but_o separate_v by_o hercules_n whence_o they_o call_v these_o mountain_n hercules_n pillar_n and_o the_o strait_n hercules_n streights_n italy_n the_o strait_n between_o 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de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la cap._n 2._o they_o allege_v this_o reason_n that_o the_o ocean_n seem_v to_o flow_v from_o the_o north_n region_n as_o from_o a_o fountain_n but_o we_o can_v conclude_v any_o thing_n certain_a from_o this_o for_o whether_o the_o northern_a land_n especial_o the_o north_n channel_n be_v more_o high_a or_o low_a than_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o land_n near_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v yet_o doubt_v neither_o be_v it_o sufficient_o prove_v from_o the_o motion_n because_o this_o be_v not_o general_a or_o be_v not_o find_v in_o all_o the_o northern_a region_n and_o if_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n from_o the_o north_n shall_v be_v grant_v yet_o thence_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o ocean_n be_v there_o
del_fw-it majo_n with_o the_o southern-motion_n in_o the_o end_n of_o august_n in_o 35_o degree_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o tristian_a de_fw-fr cunha_n in_o may_n in_o the_o new_a moon_n the_o west-wind_n rage_v and_o shipwreck_n but_o in_o 33_o degree_n of_o the_o same_o meridian_n the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n predominate_v 8._o in_o june_n and_o july_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n at_o pulon_n timor_fw-la the_o west-wind_n be_v violent_a and_o dangerous_a 9_o between_o china_n and_o japan_n many_o storm_n be_v from_o the_o new_a moon_n of_o july_n to_o the_o twelve_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n 10._o there_o if_o in_o june_n other_o wind_n blow_v beside_o the_o motion_n sometime_o from_o this_o sometime_o from_o that_o quarter_n until_o that_o they_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o north-east_n quarter_n of_o a_o certain_a a_o storm_n follow_v the_o second_o book_n of_o general_n geography_n concern_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n depend_v on_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n chap._n xxii_o of_o thing_n requisite_a to_o be_v foreknow_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o geography_n itherto_o we_o have_v be_v employ_v in_o a_o absolute_a contemplation_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o now_o draw_v near_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o doctrine_n in_o which_o we_o shall_v consider_v those_o property_n or_o affection_n which_o happen_v to_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n neither_o will_v they_o be_v except_o this_o motion_n be_v evident_a the_o explication_n of_o which_o affection_n will_v with_o great_a right_n appertain_v unto_o geography_n if_o so_o be_v that_o same_o motion_n be_v attribute_v unto_o the_o earth_n itself_o of_o which_o we_o have_v treat_v in_o the_o six_o chapter_n now_o for_o the_o right_a knowledge_n of_o these_o affection_n these_o follow_a hypothesis_n and_o definition_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v understand_v definition_n glâ—be_n a_o artificial_a terrestrial_a 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diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n about_o which_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n or_o earth_n itself_o be_v perfect_v now_o the_o pole_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o extreme_a point_n of_o the_o axis_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n and_o that_o pole_n which_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o constellation_n term_v the_o bear_n be_v call_v the_o arctic_a septentrional_n or_o northern_a pole_n the_o other_o be_v call_v the_o antarctic_a or_o southern_a pole_n these_o be_v by_o more_o facility_n explain_v by_o a_o artificial_a terrestrial_a globe_n than_o by_o word_n if_o the_o former_a be_v wheel_v round_o those_o two_o immovable_a point_n will_v appear_v which_o be_v the_o pole_n and_o the_o diameter_n imaginarily_o draw_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v the_o axis_n line_n the_o aequator_fw-la or_o aequinoctial_a line_n three_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o periphery_a or_o circumference_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n equal_o distant_a from_o both_o the_o pole_n or_o place_v in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o pole_n or_o who_o pole_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v also_o term_v the_o aequinoctial_a line_n and_o that_o by_o mariner_n all_o the_o star_n in_o their_o diurnal_a motion_n make_v periphery_n equidistant_a or_o parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la wherefore_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v the_o rule_n of_o diurnal_a motion_n parallel_n parallel_n four_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v say_v to_o be_v lesser_a periphery_n which_o be_v parallel_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o a_o artificial_a globe_n the_o aequator_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o its_o magnitude_n be_v more_o conspicuous_a than_o the_o other_o and_o its_o name_n be_v ascribe_v and_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o 360_o degree_n the_o parallel_n be_v also_o conspicuous_a which_o be_v likewise_o term_v the_o 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great_a circle_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o the_o sun_n describe_v in_o his_o annual_a motion_n in_o truth_n it_o exi_v not_o in_o the_o earth_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o notable_a use_n it_o be_v mark_v in_o the_o artificial_a globe_n as_o also_o in_o geographical_a map_n tropic_n the_o tropic_n six_o the_o tropic_n be_v two_o parallel_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la by_o so_o great_a a_o interval_n as_o the_o great_a recess_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o pole_n or_o as_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n be_v that_o which_o be_v interpose_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o pole_n arctic_a the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n be_v that_o which_o be_v between_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o southern_a pole_n circle_n the_o polary_a circle_n in_o the_o globe_n and_o in_o map_n they_o be_v wont_v to_o be_v note_v by_o a_o double_a periphery_n and_o the_o same_o appellation_n be_v ascribe_v the_o polary_a circle_n be_v two_o parallel_n so_o call_v whereof_o one_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o other_o from_o the_o antarctic_a so_o many_o degree_n as_o the_o sun_n be_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o his_o great_a recess_n and_o the_o first_o be_v term_v the_o arctic_a circle_n and_o the_o other_o the_o antarctic_a the_o circle_n hitherto_o explain_v do_v not_o depend_v on_o certain_a place_n such_o as_o the_o follow_a do_v which_o in_o divers_a place_n be_v various_a and_o different_a meridian_n the_o meridian_n seven_o the_o meridian_n of_o any_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o line_n so_o term_v which_o pass_v through_o that_o place_n in_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n come_v the_o meridies_n be_v in_o that_o place_n now_o the_o meridies_n be_v that_o moment_n of_o the_o day_n which_o be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o
above_o almost_o make_v up_o and_o moderate_v they_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n it_o be_v spring_n and_o summer_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o aries_n by_o cancer_n to_o libra_n because_o than_o he_o be_v more_o near_o they_o then_o the_o sun_n go_v from_o libra_n through_o capricorn_n to_o aries_n it_o be_v autumn_n and_o winter_n but_o in_o the_o southern_a temperate_a zone_n the_o matter_n be_v contrary_a neither_o can_v those_o other_o cause_n altogether_o disable_v the_o force_n of_o this_o first_o and_o induce_v a_o new_a course_n of_o the_o season_n and_o be_v able_a to_o alter_v the_o time_n as_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n 2._o yet_o those_o season_n of_o divers_a place_n vary_v so_o that_o in_o one_o place_n there_o may_v be_v more_o heat_n or_o cold_a or_o rain_v than_o in_o another_o although_o the_o place_n lie_v in_o the_o same_o climate_n but_o yet_o they_o cause_v not_o the_o winter_n to_o be_v change_v into_o summer_n or_o summer_n into_o winter_n a_o rocky_a marshish_n and_o maritime_a land_n find_v somewhat_o another_o degree_n of_o heat_n or_o cold_a than_o valley_n or_o a_o chalk_n and_o maritime_a land_n 3._o the_o place_n in_o the_o tropic_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o summer_n have_v a_o excessive_a heat_n other_o a_o pluvial_a season_n so_o that_o they_o almost_o approach_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n so_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o guzarat_n lie_v without_o the_o tropic_a at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o wet_a and_o dry_a month_n be_v observe_v which_o in_o the_o part_n lie_v beyond_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o summer_n be_v change_v into_o a_o pluvial_a season_n yet_o then_o there_o be_v great_a heat_n than_o the_o dry_a part_n of_o the_o year_n where_o they_o have_v a_o moderate_a cold_a and_o in_o truth_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n we_o judge_v the_o summer_n and_o winter_n not_o from_o the_o drought_n and_o rain_n but_o from_o the_o heat_n and_o cold_a now_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o persia_n and_o ormus_n there_o be_v so_o great_a heat_n without_o rain_n in_o the_o summer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n rhat_o both_o the_o man_n and_o their_o wife_n lie_v in_o cistern_n full_a of_o water_n the_o like_a heat_n be_v in_o arabia_n barbary_n the_o region_n of_o africa_n on_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v call_v the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n throughout_o all_o barbary_n the_o middle_a of_o october_n be_v past_a shower_n and_o cold_n begin_v to_o increase_v and_o in_o december_n and_o january_n the_o cold_a be_v perceive_v more_o intense_a and_o that_o only_a in_o the_o morning_n and_o withal_o so_o remiss_a that_o the_o fire_n be_v not_o desire_v february_n take_v away_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cold_a from_o the_o winter_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v so_o inconstant_a that_o sometime_o 5_o or_o 6_o time_n in_o one_o day_n the_o air_n change_v in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n the_o north_n and_o west_n wind_n blow_v violent_o and_o cause_v whole_a tree_n to_o be_v vest_v with_o blossom_n april_n give_v form_n almost_o to_o all_o fruit_n so_o that_o the_o entrance_n of_o may_n and_o the_o end_n of_o april_n be_v wont_v natural_o to_o produce_v cherry_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o may_v they_o gather_v fig_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n in_o some_o place_n be_v ripe_a grape_n barbary_n of_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n of_o barbary_n the_o fig_n or_o autumn_n be_v gather_v in_o august_n and_o there_o be_v no_o great_a plenty_n of_o fig_n and_o pear_n than_o in_o september_n there_o be_v not_o so_o great_a intempery_n of_o the_o year_n in_o those_o place_n but_o that_o the_o three_o month_n of_o the_o spring_n be_v always_o temperate_a the_o entrance_n of_o the_o spring_n that_o be_v the_o terrestrial_a not_o the_o celestial_a be_v as_o they_o reckon_v on_o the_o 15_o of_o february_n and_o the_o end_n the_o 18_o of_o may_n in_o all_o which_o time_n the_o air_n be_v most_o grateful_a to_o they_o if_o from_o the_o 25_o of_o april_n to_o the_o 5_o of_o may_v they_o have_v no_o rain_n they_o esteem_v the_o same_o as_o ominous_a they_o count_v their_o summer_n even_o to_o the_o 16_o of_o august_n at_o which_o time_n they_o have_v a_o very_a hot_a and_o serene_a air._n their_o autumn_n from_o the_o 17_o of_o august_n to_o the_o 16_o of_o november_n and_o they_o have_v that_o for_o two_o month_n to_o wit_n august_n and_o september_n yet_o not_o great_a that_o which_o be_v include_v between_o the_o 15_o of_o august_n and_o the_o 15_o of_o september_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v term_v by_o the_o ancient_n the_o furnace_n of_o the_o whole_a year_n and_o that_o because_o it_o produce_v fig_n pear_n and_o that_o kind_a of_o fruit_n to_o maturity_n from_o the_o 15_o of_o november_n they_o reckon_v their_o winter_n which_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o 14_o of_o february_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o this_o they_o begin_v to_o till_o their_o land_n which_o be_v the_o plain_a but_o the_o mountainous_a in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n the_o african_n have_v a_o certain_a persuasion_n that_o the_o year_n have_v 40_o very_a hot_a day_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n so_o many_o cold_a arabian_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o arabian_n day_n which_o they_o say_v begin_v from_o the_o 12_o of_o december_n they_o begin_v the_o aequinox_n on_o the_o 16_o of_o march_n and_o on_o the_o 16_o of_o september_n their_o solstice_n on_o the_o 16_o of_o june_n and_o the_o 16_o of_o december_n the_o end_n of_o their_o autumn_n all_o their_o winter_n and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o their_o spring_n be_v full_a of_o violent_a wind_n accompanied_z with_o hail_o lightning_n and_o dreadful_a thunder_n neither_o be_v there_o want_v in_o many_o place_n of_o barbary_n a_o abundance_n of_o snow_n in_o mount_n atlas_n 7_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n they_o divide_v the_o year_n only_o into_o two_o part_n for_o from_o october_n even_o to_o april_n they_o have_v a_o continual_a winter_n and_o from_o april_n again_o to_o october_n they_o have_v summer_n in_o this_o there_o be_v no_o day_n in_o which_o the_o mountain_n top_n glitter_v with_o snow_n numidia_n the_o season_n of_o numidia_n in_o numidia_n the_o part_n of_o the_o year_n swift_o pass_v away_o for_o in_o may_v they_o reap_v their_o corn_n in_o october_n they_o gather_v their_o date_n but_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n to_o january_n a_o violent_a frost_n continue_v october_n abstain_v from_o rains_n all_o hope_n of_o sow_v be_v take_v from_o the_o husbandman_n the_o same_o happen_v if_o that_o april_n produce_v not_o pluvial_a water_n leo_fw-la astricanus_fw-la remember_v many_o mountain_n of_o snow_n in_o africa_n not_o far_o from_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n china_n of_o china_n the_o north_n part_n of_o china_n although_o no_o more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la than_o italy_n yet_o it_o have_v a_o cold_a more_o sharp_a for_o great_a river_n and_o lake_n be_v congeal_v up_o with_o frost_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o know_v except_o we_o shall_v refer_v it_o to_o the_o snowy_a mountain_n of_o tartary_n not_o far_o remote_a to_o the_o avoid_n of_o which_o cold_a they_o abound_v with_o the_o skin_n of_o fox_n and_o scythilian_a rat_n england_n new_a england_n new_a england_n although_o it_o lie_v in_o 42_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n and_o therefore_o no_o more_o remove_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la than_o italy_n yet_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n when_o sir_n francis_n drake_n be_v there_o the_o air_n be_v so_o vehement_a cold_n that_o he_o be_v compel_v to_o sail_v back_o to_o the_o south_n for_o the_o mountain_n be_v then_o cover_v with_o snow_n the_o cause_n be_v the_o frigid_a temperature_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v stony_n egypt_n the_o season_n of_o egypt_n in_o egypt_n which_o be_v bound_v with_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o spring_n and_o temperate_a season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v observe_v about_o january_n and_o february_n the_o summer_n begin_v with_o march_n and_o april_n and_o continue_v june_n july_n and_o august_n the_o autumn_n possess_v september_n and_o october_n the_o winter_n have_v november_n and_o december_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n they_o reap_v their_o corn_n and_o present_o thresh_v it_o after_o the_o 20_o of_o may_v not_o a_o ear_n of_o corn_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o field_n no_o fruit_n on_o the_o tree_n on_o the_o ides_n of_o june_n the_o inundation_n of_o the_o nilus_n begin_v magellan_n the_o season_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n and_o the_o adjacent_a region_n although_o they_o be_v no_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la than_o our_o part_n
difference_n can_v little_o augment_v the_o altitude_n proposition_n xvi_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n be_v not_o only_o the_o same_o in_o divers_a place_n but_o it_o remain_v the_o same_o and_o that_o constant_o at_o all_o time_n both_o winter_n and_o summer_n place_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v always_o the_o same_o in_o divers_a place_n for_o although_o that_o heat_n in_o the_o summer_n of_o our_o place_n may_v more_o elevate_v also_o our_o air_n more_o than_o in_o winter_n yet_o because_o that_o the_o winter_n be_v at_o the_o same_o in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o air_n be_v less_o raise_v in_o it_o wherefore_o part_n of_o our_o air_n shall_v be_v move_v towards_o the_o air_n of_o those_o place_n where_o the_o air_n be_v less_o elevate_v viz._n to_o the_o more_o depress_a place_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o fourteen_o proposition_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a whilst_o that_o the_o air_n of_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v be_v depress_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o winter_n part_n of_o this_o air_n where_o the_o summer_n or_o the_o great_a heat_n be_v shall_v be_v move_v towards_o our_o place_n viz._n until_o the_o whole_a air_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n concern_v the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n for_o whilst_o that_o the_o air_n be_v depress_v and_o contract_v in_o the_o night_n to_o we_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v more_o rarefy_a and_o so_o be_v move_v towards_o the_o air_n of_o our_o place_n until_o it_o again_o make_v a_o spherical_a figure_n and_o because_o that_o all_o be_v equal_a on_o every_o side_n therefore_o the_o name_n altitude_n shall_v remain_v in_o every_o time_n but_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v more_o in_o one_o time_n and_o place_n than_o in_o another_o that_o difference_n see_v that_o it_o be_v very_o small_a can_v very_o little_o vary_v the_o altitude_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o rains_n or_o mist_n or_o vapour_n that_o be_v in_o we_o or_o in_o another_o place_n for_o to_o these_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v be_v less_o or_o more_o but_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o time_n in_o which_o in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o rain_v not_o and_o that_o the_o mist_n fall_v not_o and_o therefore_o when_o that_o it_o rain_v in_o one_o place_n the_o air_n become_v not_o lesser_a than_o it_o be_v before_o because_o that_o before_o it_o rain_v in_o another_o place_n and_o so_o the_o reason_n be_v equal_a and_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v neither_o augment_v nor_o diminish_v proposition_n xvii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v more_o cold_a by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o be_v condense_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o condense_v in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n to_o wit_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n now_o watery_a thick_a exhalation_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o the_o night_n cause_n and_o augment_v that_o condensation_n especial_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o evening_n condense_a the_o cold_o the_o air_n the_o more_o condense_a the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a from_o the_o precede_a proposition_n neither_o do_v it_o obstruct_v for_o that_o part_n of_o the_o more_o not_o air_n be_v move_v to_o the_o more_o cold_a as_o to_o a_o more_o depress_a place_n because_o that_o not_o that_o itself_o but_o another_o adjoin_a approachment_n by_o reason_n of_o continual_a protrusion_n and_o if_o that_o that_o happen_v yet_o in_o a_o cold_a place_n that_o become_v also_o cold_a proposition_n xviii_o there_o be_v three_o region_n vulgar_o make_v in_o the_o air_n whereof_o the_o middle_a be_v that_o in_o which_o the_o snow_n rain_n and_o hail_n be_v generate_v the_o first_o be_v that_o in_o which_o we_o be_v extend_v itself_o even_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n the_o three_o be_v that_o which_o begin_v the_o uttermost_a bind_v of_o the_o middle_a region_n and_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o utmost_a superficies_n of_o the_o air_n even_o to_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n as_o the_o aristotelian_o affirm_v air._n three_o region_n in_o the_o air._n the_o middle_a region_n be_v more_o cold_a than_o the_o first_o and_o three_o which_o be_v reckon_v more_o hot_a but_o the_o three_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o contain_v more_o subtle_a fiery_a and_o sulphureous_a part_n of_o exhalation_n which_o fly_v to_o it_o about_o the_o place_n of_o the_o watery_a particle_n or_o be_v thrust_v down_o as_o more_o light_n the_o aristotelian_o say_v that_o it_o be_v hot_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o fiery-sphere_n but_o the_o first_o because_o that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n fall_v be_v â—eaâ—_n there_o reflex_v and_o so_o duplicate_v the_o heat_n it_o happen_v that_o some_o particle_n of_o subterraneous_a fire_n exhale_v be_v in_o this_o region_n but_o the_o middle_a region_n iâ—_n more_o cold_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o reflect_a ray_n be_v there_o vicine_fw-la to_o those_o that_o fall_v in_o on_o the_o earth_n neither_o do_v they_o contain_v any_o fiery_a sulphureous_a particle_n but_o watery_a one_o for_o the_o sulphureous_a and_o fiery_a one_o that_o have_v carry_v up_o the_o watery_a one_o fly_v high_o proposition_n xix_o by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a recede_v to_o the_o pole_n or_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o distant_a the_o place_n of_o the_o air_n be_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o rain_n snow_n hail_o begin_v to_o be_v generate_v the_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v fall_v more_o oblique_o on_o the_o place_n about_o the_o pole_n than_o on_o the_o place_n about_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o ray_n refract_v be_v much_o withdraw_v from_o those_o fall_n in_o and_o so_o cause_v lesser_a heat_n and_o for_o a_o lesser_a space_n than_o the_o ray_n under_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o so_o in_o a_o more_o near_a place_n the_o watery_a vapour_n may_v unite_v to_o generate_v watery_a meteor_n corollary_n the_o superficies_n terminate_a the_o first_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n or_o rather_o elliptical_a or_o sphere_n like_a protuberate_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n proposition_n xx._n by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v near_a the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o distance_n the_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v distant_a from_o that_o earth_n that_o begin_v the_o three_o or_o in_o which_o the_o more_o subtle_a and_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v for_o there_o be_v the_o few_o and_o more_o subtle_a particle_n in_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v near_o the_o 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proposition_n xxi_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n do_v not_o direct_o arrive_v at_o our_o eye_n from_o the_o aether_n through_o the_o air_n but_o where_o they_o enter_v the_o air_n they_o be_v withdraw_v or_o deflect_v a_o little_a from_o a_o direct_a passage_n which_o the_o skilful_a in_o the_o optic_n term_v to_o refract_v the_o ray_n and_o so_o those_o ray_n refract_v come_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o show_v we_o the_o star_n star_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n this_o part_n which_o treat_v of_o the_o refraction_n of_o light_n be_v the_o most_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o science_n of_o the_o optic_n for_o experience_n testify_v that_o ray_n proceed_v from_o any_o visible_a body_n if_o from_o one_o medium_n they_o fall_v in_o upon_o another_o that_o be_v
calculation_n and_o make_v a_o trial_n of_o the_o matter_n whether_o that_o the_o altitude_n be_v the_o same_o every_o where_o and_o at_o every_o time_n i_o will_v give_v they_o here_o example_n from_o the_o observation_n of_o tycho_n who_o have_v observe_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n at_o every_o degree_n of_o their_o altitude_n and_o because_o that_o the_o observation_n of_o lansbergius_n because_o that_o he_o observe_v they_o in_o a_o different_a air_n if_o that_o he_o observe_v they_o at_o all_o differ_v from_o those_o of_o tycho_n i_o will_v also_o add_v they_o the_o table_n of_o refraction_n the_o degree_n of_o altitude_n the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n according_a to_o tycho_n the_o refraction_n of_o the_o moon_n according_a to_o tycho_n the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n according_a to_o lansbergius_n degree_n minute_n 1._o minute_n 1._o minute_n 1._o 1._o 0_o 34_o 33_o 34_o  _fw-fr 1_o 26_o 25_o 26_o  _fw-fr 2_o 20_o 20_o 21_o  _fw-fr 3_o 17_o 17_o 18_o  _fw-fr 4_o 15_o 15_o 15_o 45_o 5_o 14_o 14_o 14_o 0_o 6_o 13_o 14_o 12_o 30_o 7_o 12_o 13_o 11_o 15_o 8_o 11_o 12_o 10_o 5_o 9_o 10_o 11_o 9_o 5_o 10_o 10_o 11_o 8_o 15_o 11_o 9_o 10_o 7_o 35_o 12_o 9_o 10_o 7_o 5_o 13_o 8_o 9_o 6_o 40_o 14_o 8_o 8_o 6_o 19_o 15_o 7_o 8_o 6_o 0_o 16_o 7_o 7_o 5_o 42_o 17_o 6_o 7_o 5_o 24_o 18_o 6_o 6_o 5_o 7_o 19_o 5_o 6_o 4_o 50_o 20_o 4_o 5_o 4_o 33_o 21_o 4_o 4_o 4_o 16_o 22_o 3_o 3_o 4_o 0_o 23_o 3_o 3_o 3_o 44_o 24_o 3_o 3_o 3_o 28_o 25_o 2_o 2_o 3_o 12_o 26_o 2_o 2_o 2_o 56_o 27_o 2_o 2_o 2_o 40_o 28_o 2_o 2_o 2_o 24_o 29_o 2_o 2_o 2_o 9_o 30_o 1_o 1_o 1_o 54_o 31_o 1_o 1_o 1_o 39_o 32_o 1_o 1_o 1_o 24_o 33_o 1_o 1_o 1_o 9_o 34_o 1_o 1_o 0_o 55_o 35_o 1_o 1_o 0_o 41_o 36_o 1_o 1_o 0_o 27_o 37_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 13_o 38_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 0_o tycho_n the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n according_a to_o lansbergius_n and_o tycho_n lansbergius_n place_v both_o the_o same_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n but_o tycho_n make_v they_o somewhat_o divers_a viz._n about_o the_o horizon_n he_o make_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o sun_n great_a than_o those_o of_o the_o moon_n then_o the_o five_o degree_n of_o altitude_n he_o make_v they_o equal_a from_o this_o then_o at_o length_n he_o make_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o little_o big_a than_o those_o of_o the_o sun_n indeed_o i_o confess_v myself_o ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o except_o it_o be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n moreover_o tycho_n omit_v the_o second_o minute_n which_o yet_o shall_v not_o be_v omit_v if_o that_o they_o come_v near_o to_o 60_o because_o that_o there_o be_v use_v of_o they_o in_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air._n now_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o refraction_n of_o all_o the_o star_n be_v the_o same_o or_o else_o that_o the_o difference_n be_v insensible_a viz._n in_o one_o air_n but_o if_o that_o the_o air_n be_v thick_a the_o refraction_n will_v be_v great_a a_o example_n of_o it_o be_v this_o whereof_o a_o cause_n have_v not_o yet_o be_v render_v sufficient_o hitherto_o by_o any_o the_o dutch_a winter_v in_o nova_n zembla_n behold_v the_o sun_n after_o the_o night_n of_o some_o month_n when_o that_o as_o yet_o the_o limbus_n or_o edge_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v yet_o beneath_o the_o horizon_n four_o degree_n at_o least_o therefore_o the_o refraction_n n_o f_o l_o be_v 4_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n then_o at_o length_n when_o that_o it_o be_v depress_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n 3_o degree_n 40_o minute_n they_o see_v he_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n 30_o degree_n viz._n his_o upper_a limbus_n therefore_o the_o refraction_n m_o r_o l_o we_o conceive_v m_z r_o s_o to_o fall_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o r_o l_o g_o to_n be_v 30_o min._n shall_v be_v 4_o deg_fw-la 11_o min._n and_o l_o l_o t_o 90_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n from_o hence_o shall_v be_v find_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n l_o f_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o density_n of_o that_o air_n at_o nova_n zembla_n which_o yet_o be_v serene_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o observation_n now_o the_o altitude_n be_v find_v much_o great_a than_o the_o other_o refraction_n admit_v of_o viz._n of_o almost_o two_o mile_n neither_o be_v it_o correct_v by_o the_o position_n of_o a_o great_a thickness_n of_o air_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o can_v be_v great_a than_o 85_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n if_o that_o n_o f_o l_o be_v 4_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n it_o become_v great_a if_o that_o d_o f_o be_v place_v less_o than_o 2_o mile_n therefore_o we_o do_v not_o undeserved_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o mariner_n see_v that_o no_o like_a example_n have_v be_v observe_v yea_o the_o contrary_n have_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o same_o place_n vit_v see_v chap._n 26._o proposit_n vit_v moreover_o no_o reason_n can_v be_v render_v that_o in_o those_o place_n after_o so_o long_a a_o absence_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o air_n shall_v be_v high_o than_o at_o the_o time_n wherein_o after_o so_o long_a a_o stay_v the_o sun_n depart_v see_v that_o rather_o the_o contrary_n do_v follow_v viz._n the_o air_n become_v more_o thick_a and_o low_a by_o reason_n of_o contraction_n if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v urge_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n to_o be_v inconstant_a yet_o when_o i_o more_o accurate_o weigh_v all_o the_o matter_n three_o thing_n fall_v in_o with_o i_o by_o which_o that_o apparancy_n and_o great_a refraction_n may_v be_v salve_v for_o see_v that_o the_o master_n or_o pilot_n be_v skilful_a in_o astronomy_n and_o also_o that_o they_o see_v the_o sun_n elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o which_o he_o be_v yet_o depress_v therefore_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o deny_v the_o observation_n neither_o ought_v we_o to_o be_v suspicious_a concern_v a_o error_n in_o the_o numeration_n of_o the_o day_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o long_a night_n for_o when_o that_o they_o return_v to_o their_o own_o country_n they_o reckon_v the_o same_o day_n of_o the_o year_n that_o their_o countryman_n reckon_v which_o they_o can_v not_o have_v do_v if_o that_o before_o they_o have_v make_v a_o false_a reckon_n of_o the_o day_n for_o if_o that_o we_o will_v admit_v so_o great_a a_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n such_o as_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o temperate_a and_o torrid_a zone_n do_v not_o admit_v of_o we_o must_v say_v that_o the_o air_n be_v every_o where_o the_o same_o both_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o frigid_a but_o the_o supreme_a region_n of_o the_o air_n both_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n be_v so_o subtle_a that_o it_o make_v no_o refraction_n but_o only_o the_o middle_a region_n whence_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o that_o the_o refraction_n in_o the_o torrid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n be_v lesser_a for_o although_o the_o air_n be_v low_a that_o cause_v they_o for_o which_o cause_n the_o refraction_n ought_v to_o be_v great_a yet_o it_o be_v far_o more_o rare_a than_o the_o other_o air._n but_o yet_o a_o objection_n may_v be_v make_v against_o this_o viz._n that_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o mariner_n be_v make_v in_o a_o serene_a air_n as_o they_o themselves_o testify_v unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o yet_o it_o seem_v not_o so_o probable_a that_o the_o air_n shall_v be_v so_o subtle_a as_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n when_o that_o the_o sky_n be_v most_o serene_a second_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o that_o air_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n when_o that_o the_o sun_n after_o a_o long_a absence_n return_v unto_o it_o be_v first_o attenuate_v in_o the_o superior_a region_n and_o the_o middle_n be_v yet_o somewhat_o more_o thick_a and_o therefore_o the_o sun_n be_v see_v through_o two_o refraction_n as_o the_o star_n through_o the_o air_n and_o a_o glass_n now_o a_o double_a refraction_n do_v far_o more_o depress_v the_o star_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n than_o a_o simple_a and_o so_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n the_o space_n of_o one_o mile_n or_o ¾_n neither_o may_v you_o here_o object_n why_o the_o same_o do_v not_o happen_v at_o that_o time_n when_o that_o the_o sun_n depart_v from_o the_o air_n and_o make_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o â—ong_a night_n for_o than_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o there_o be_v less_o difference_n in_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o air_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a
at_o present_v the_o turk_n possess_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n and_o keep_v still_o or_o do_v not_o long_o since_o beglerby_n at_o erzerum_n car_n revan_n van_fw-mi schildir_n tefflis_n and_o derbent_a beside_o which_o there_o be_v many_o city_n of_o considerable_a note_n some_o of_o which_o the_o persian_n hold_v 1._o place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n erzerum_fw-la on_o the_o euphrates_n near_o the_o black_a sea_n on_o which_o and_o not_o far_o from_o erzerum_n be_v trebisonde_v which_o facilitate_v a_o great_a trade_n between_o the_o east_n west_n and_o north_n for_o come_v from_o the_o indian_a ocean_n by_o the_o gulf_n of_o ormus_n and_o so_o up_o the_o euphrates_n they_o may_v receive_v pass_v by_o what_o come_v from_o the_o west_n to_o aleppo_n and_o carry_v it_o unto_o erzerum_fw-la from_o whence_o to_o trebisonde_v by_o land_n be_v not_o above_o 25_o or_o 30_o league_n 2._o gar_z char_n or_o likewise_o chissery_n be_v four_o or_o five_o day_n journey_n from_o erzerum_n towards_o the_o east_n on_o the_o river_n euphrates_n it_o have_v be_v take_v and_o retake_v divers_a time_n by_o the_o turk_n and_o persian_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o revan_n schilder_n and_o van_n this_o last_o be_v not_o great_a but_o well_o wall_v and_o with_o great_a ditch_n and_o have_v a_o castle_n who_o situation_n be_v such_o as_o render_v it_o almost_o inaccessible_a 3._o tefflis_n be_v likewise_o in_o some_o esteem_n at_o present_a but_o much_o more_o former_o under_o the_o name_n of_o artaxata_n which_o artaxias_n father_n of_o tigranes_n king_n of_o armenia_n cause_v to_o be_v build_v and_o fortify_v at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o hannibal_n 4._o derbent_v of_o great_a antiquity_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v its_o foundation_n lay_v by_o alexander_n the_o great_a who_o also_o erect_v that_o no_o less_o great_a than_o strong_a castle_n which_o be_v call_v kastow_n adjoin_v to_o the_o say_a city_n which_o be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o ordinary_a passage_n between_o turcomania_n persia_n and_o other_o southern_a province_n of_o asia_n to_o zuire_v the_o kingdom_n of_o astracan_a and_o other_o more_o northern_a estate_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n it_o be_v situation_n be_v upon_o the_o utmost_a mountain_n which_o regard_v the_o taberestan_a or_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o all_o be_v so_o well_o fortify_v that_o the_o turk_n have_v take_v occasion_n to_o call_v the_o place_n demir_n or_o temir_n capi_n or_o the_o port_n of_o iron_n and_o the_o name_n of_o derbent_n signify_v a_o straight_a port_n and_o in_o all_o likelihood_n these_o be_v the_o caspiae_n porte_fw-fr so_o famous_a among_o the_o ancient_n because_o that_o in_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o the_o sea_n of_o tabarestan_n which_o be_v about_o 3_o or_o 400_o thousand_o pace_n it_o be_v all_o high_a mountainous_a and_o hard_o to_o be_v pass_v and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o passage_n they_o be_v infamous_a for_o robbery_n and_o incursion_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n or_o the_o prince_n which_o possess_v they_o make_v this_o city_n be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n be_v environ_v with_o two_o strong_a wall_n and_o fortify_v with_o tower_n and_o iron-gate_n be_v account_v the_o key_n or_o inlet_n to_o persia_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o grand_a signior_n 5._o bitlis_n and_o manuscute_fw-la belong_v to_o the_o curd_n who_o have_v here_o many_o and_o divers_a lord_n better_o affect_v to_o the_o persian_n than_o the_o turk_n bitlis_n be_v between_o two_o mountain_n water_v with_o a_o river_n which_o receive_v many_o fair_a fountain_n the_o house_n be_v build_v with_o stone_n which_o be_v rare_a in_o that_o country_n other_o be_v of_o nothing_o but_o wood_n and_o earth_n the_o castle_n be_v seat_v advantageous_o but_o i_o believe_v this_o place_n be_v not_o now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o to_o speak_v truth_n we_o have_v at_o present_a little_a knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n concern_v these_o quarter_n armenia_n be_v much_o better_o know_v and_o more_o famous_a in_o ancient_a time_n than_o at_o present_a under_o the_o name_n of_o turcomania_n armenia_n the_o bound_n of_o armenia_n its_o bound_n be_v very_o advantageous_a be_v quite_o encompass_v with_o high_a mountain_n large_a river_n and_o wash_v by_o divers_a sea_n and_o seat_v northwards_o of_o the_o caspian_a mountain_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o media_n now_o call_v seruan_fw-mi armenis_fw-la the_o mountain_n of_o armenis_fw-la this_o country_n be_v well_o replenish_v with_o mountain_n valley_n river_n and_o lake_n the_o mountain_n anti-taurus_n divide_v it_o east_n and_o west_n almost_o from_o one_o extremity_n to_o the_o other_o who_o most_o eastern_o point_n be_v call_v abus_n from_o whence_o the_o euphrates_n tigris_n and_o araxes_n take_v some_o of_o their_o stream_n the_o gordian_a mountain_n pour_v forth_o the_o great_a supply_n to_o tigris_n and_o the_o pariarde_n increase_v most_o the_o stream_n of_o euphrates_n araxes_n and_o 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and_o 18_o in_o
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it_o be_v rich_a in_o guiny_n there_o be_v several_a petty_a kingdom_n who_o make_v war_n one_o against_o the_o other_o war._n their_o war._n during_o which_o war_n they_o destroy_v and_o burn_v the_o country_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o enemy_n may_v find_v no_o succour_n remove_v their_o good_n to_o a_o neighbour_a kingdom_n with_o who_o they_o have_v peace_n and_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n surround_v the_o king_n weapon_n their_o weapon_n for_o his_o defence_n and_o safeguard_n and_o thus_o they_o march_v their_o weapon_n be_v the_o bow_n and_o arrow_n with_o which_o they_o be_v so_o expert_a that_o they_o can_v shoot_v within_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o shilling_n also_o they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o poniard_n the_o dagger_n the_o shield_n and_o turban_n in_o which_o war_n those_o they_o kill_v they_o eat_v those_o they_o take_v they_o make_v slave_n and_o such_o be_v those_o that_o the_o english_a dutch_a and_o other_o nation_n buy_v of_o they_o and_o who_o they_o subdue_v they_o 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great_a benefit_n of_o the_o nation_n isle_n of_o st._n thomas_n etc._n etc._n between_o guiny_n and_o the_o low_a aethiopia_n be_v a_o guph_n where_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o st._n thomas_n prince_n island_n fernand_n poo_n annobon_n or_o bon_n anne_n and_o far_o in_o the_o great_a sea_n st._n matthew_n the_o ascension_n st._n helena_n etc._n etc._n these_o isle_n have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o day_n whereon_o they_o be_v discover_v that_o of_o the_o prince_n because_o its_o revenue_n be_v design_v for_o the_o prince_n of_o portugal_n that_o of_o fernand_n poo_n from_o he_o that_o discover_v it_o but_o of_o all_o these_o island_n that_o of_o st._n thomas_n be_v by_o much_o the_o great_a describe_v the_o island_n of_o st._n thomas_n describe_v and_o the_o best_a its_o form_n be_v almost_o round_o it_o be_v thirty_o other_o say_v forty_o other_o and_o with_o more_o apparent_a truth_n 60000_o pace_n diameter_n which_o be_v 180000_o pace_n or_o 65_o league_n circuit_n seat_v under_o 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their_o commodity_n wine_n oil_n cheese_n stuff_n bead_n drinking-glass_n corn-flower_n and_o little_a white_a shell_n which_o serve_v for_o money_n in_o aethiopia_n as_o in_o guiny_n etc._n etc._n they_o trade_n in_o the_o neighbour_a coast_n where_o be_v the_o river_n of_o barca_n campo_n st._n benito_n st._n juan_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o corisco_n those_o grain_n and_o vine_n which_o they_o will_v have_v sow_o and_o plant_v have_v not_o thrive_v the_o earth_n be_v too_o fat_a they_o make_v their_o bread_n of_o divers_a root_n have_v their_o wood_n from_o palm-tree_n they_o feed_v much_o fowl_n have_v abundance_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o fish_n both_o great_a and_o small_a among_o other_o whale_n they_o have_v also_o great_a store_n of_o fourfooted_a beast_n among_o other_o their_o hog_n bear_v