earnestly pray to him that it would please him to poure out upon their royall Majesties and their Princely Progenie upon your most Honorable Persons and this whole Land all the heavenly and earthly blessings that can wish Most Illustrious Assembly Your most humble and obedient Servant FRANCIS DE NEVILLE London this 28. of March 1642. Authoris Submissio SAcrosanctae Individuae Trinitatis Catholicae orthodoxae Ecclesiae authoritatis omnis sanae sincerae non praeoccupatae mentis judicio censurae haec quae scripta sunt hic subiecta sunto To the Reader FRiendly Reader if you finde any thing faulty and unpolisht in this Booke Know that the English tongue is strange to the Author to whom newly and as it were miraculously escaped out of Popish persecutions and strict imprisonment Tranquillitie and many other accommodations were wanting requisite for the perfection both of composition and impression yet neverthelesse if you understand French the Authors naturall Language may supply what is here defectuous and if it come againe to the Presse you shall have every thing more exact and perfect in the meane time be favourable in all and especially in some faults occasioned by the Printer such as are these following Errata quaedam PAge 15. v. 24. Bishops leg Doctors p. 43. in Tit. Spirit l. script p. 68. v. ult Infallible l. Insatiable AN HISTORICALL PRELVDE CONCERNING THE AVTHOR CHristian and courteous Reader there is nothing in the world made for it selfe but all for man and man for God who is the last end of all things and as the members of one body doe ayde and serve one another for the enjoying the priviledges and felicitie their nature is capable of so men being Members of the same body 1 Cor. 11.3 whereof Christ is the Head as St Paul saith ought to serve one another to bring themselves to God who is their last end and blessednesse It is that which moved the Apostles to Preach the Gospell through the world with so great travaile and paines It is that motive of charitie that moved St Paul and others to leave unto us the writings and doctrines which we have in the Canonicall Books It is onely this Consideration also that hath engaged mee to undertake this present Treatise wherein I onely intend to lead and conduct you to God If you walke straight to the paths of the true Church and faith I intreat you in reading this Treatise to give thankes and praises unto God with mee for the mercies and marvailous deliverances he hath wrought for mee in bringing me out of darknesse and from the shadows of death If you waver and be in doubt of the truth of the way you will finde here matter to assure and confirme you And if you be gone astray out of this way I hope reading this Discourse you shall be directed into it againe Especially if you be in the Romish Church it is to you chiefly I speake and for whom I write this hoping examples will be of greater power than words with you For friendly Reader I have been a long time even as you in the same blindnesse and doubtings you are in and because I was told that it behooved mee to beleeve without further enquiry and have onely the good faith as they say of the Colliar which is to referre himselfe to the faith of his Curate without further examination I assayed to doe the same bending my will that way but so soone as I began to have a little judgement J had a thousand combats in my minde in that blinde obedience which J could not see grounded upon any sure foundation J heard of an holy Scripture but J was almost twenty yeares old before J knew what it was J was permitted yea and recommended to reade and learne even by heart Virgil Cicero Homer and Plutarch all of them Pagan prophane Authors and proper to teach paganisme the Idolatry of the false gods no man desiring mee to reade or learne the holy Scriptures which the holy Ghost left to make us wise unto salvation and to instruct us in Christianitie and the worship of the true God as the Alphabet and rudiment of Christians Is not this a strange malice or blindnesse All that was spoken to mee in matter of faith was that it behooved mee to beleeve without further search and refer my selfe to the faith of our Teachers And what did J often say in my selfe If those who lead us be blinde or dissemble the truth through perversenesse or for other interests Mat. 15.14 the blind leading the blined both must fall into the ditch if our Leaders will goe to hell and be damned J shall then be as they referring my selfe to them J saw they were but men full of infirmities and imperfections as others that their words were words of men subject to deceit and lyes where J did finde nothing sure to settle a firme beliefe so that J did conclude in my selfe that faith being a certain knowledge and beliefe it could not be sure but upon a certaine and infallible foundation and so J concluded there was nothing but the Word of God alone and not the word of man that could assure us of true faith and of the way to salvation and that that Word of God being left to us in the holy Scriptures it was the dutie of every man to search and examine if the faith and doctrine preached were conformable to it and that no wise and judicious man should refer himselfe to another every one being to give an account for himselfe in the day of Gods Judgement and none received there to warrant and baile another This then moved mee to compare the doctrine of faith which was taught mee with that which Jesus Christ did preach and there J found so great difference in many points that it might be said to be altogether another doctrine than that of the Sonne of God Happy was it for mee J understood the Latine as my Mother tongue for J was above twentie yeares old before J durst reade or keepe by mee the Bible in the vulgar tongue under paine of greater Excommunication said they then is pronounced against one who should reade a Book of the Black Art or kill his father or mother and there is none but the Pope alone hath power to doe it or can give License Even so did J obtaine it by that means but this by the way They produced indeed for every thing the holy Scripture but for the most part in a meaning so far different from the truth that there is no error heresie nor dissolutnesse which may not be grounded and maintained in like manner upon and by the holy Scriptures J did heare them speake of Traditions and that we ought to submit our selves to the meaning and judgement of the Church but when J came to examine the Church and the infallibilitie of those Traditions J found that all was resolved in the judgement and head of the
quod Now what I pray you are all the traditions of the Romish Church but doctrine and things besides the Word of God Besides that which St Paul and Christ Jesus and the other Apostles did preach yea even contrary for all doctrine taught as necessary to faith out of the Scripture is also contrary unto the Scripture seeing it is against the prohibition to adde to the Word of God Mat. 15.9 and God condemneth them who teach for doctrine of faith the doctrine and commandements of men And mark that Christ Jesus in this chap. of St Matthew did specially condemne the Pharisees because they transgressed the commandements of God by their traditions and what I pray you were those traditions they were not things expresly forbidden in the law of God but simple additions and willing devotions without the word of God and which outwardly smelled of nothing but devotion puritie and holinesse as to fast three times a week to wash the cups the platters to tithe Mint and Annise to make conscience to heal any sick man on the Sabbath day to make long prayers to abstaine from certaine meats and that not through a conceit that those things were polluted but through a willing devotion and humilitie of spirit or through a desire to mortifie the flesh but because those things were taught as being of equall authoritie with the doctrine of faith that is the cause wherefore they are condemned by the Son of God as contrary to his holy Word There is no doubt but by this passage of the Apostle St Paul we cited before are also condemned all the Traditions of the Romish Church which are taught and preached to be of equall authoritie with the holy Scriptures which truely are besides the Word of God and the Gospel that was preached by our Saviour and his Disciples for how cometh it to passe that they should have preached so many things pertaining to faith and salvation and never speak any thing of them in any of their Books nor in the acts of the Apostles which is the History of the most remarkable actions and Sermons of the Apostles for more than twenty yeares see if there be any thing spoken there of the invocation of Saints of Indulgencies Purgatory prayer for the dead of the Communion under one kinde or of the rest and if those and the like things be not in the holy Scriptures they are besides the Word of God and consequently he that preacheth them is accursed and Anathema and they are not to be received as pertaining to faith And to shew that the Traditions which the Church of Rome teacheth as Articles of faith doe not come from Christ Jesus and his Apostles nor cannot be said to be Apostolique nor divine but papall and humane to say no worse there is almost none of them the history of that Church sheweth not by what Pope or Bishop they were invented and at what time they had their beginning Baro. Annal Eccle. Gualter Chronol Durant de ritib. see the Authors who handle the same least I should be too prolix in this matter being desirous to lay open another of not much lesse importance CHAP. VII That wee cannot ground our beliefe upon the Books of the ancient Fathers THose of the Romish Church to authorise their Traditions which are besides nay contrary to the Word of God send us to the Fathers as to other Judges to determine our differences whose doctrine they affirme to be conformable to that which they teach Certainly I have thought Antiquitie in it selfe to be very venerable and worthy to be respected especially the Fathers whose grave and learned Books deserve praise of all good spirits principally if their doctrine be conformable to the Word of God which is the sole infallible rule of all good doctrine And to speak truly I finde that the Fathers of the first ages condemne in a number of places so manifestly the errors and superstitious doctrines of the Romish Church that I have marvailed oftentimes how they can have the boldnesse to alledge them in their favour It is true that as in the time of St Paul the mystery of iniquitie was already working so it is not to be marveiled that they being men some things have now and then insensibly crept into the writings of some of them which were not altogether so pure and seeme somewhat to incline to superstitions which by little and little insinuated themselves into the Church But I beleeve that though all their Books should seeme manifestly to contradict the faith of the Reformed Churches wee are not obliged to receive them as our Judges neither as irreprochable Witnesses and howsoever I esteeme highly of the Authours yet wee cannot ground any Article of faith upon their Writings but so far as wee finde them to conforme to the Word of God which is the toucstone of all truth neither are wee bound to have recourse to them any wayes For if we were obliged to have recourse to them and receive them for Judges of our faith that were to bring our faith and the point of our salvation in an impossibilitie at least morall because all Christians should be obliged to have them and to have them all or the most part which is not possible but to the richer sort and having them they should be obliged to reade them almost all and that wholy to the end they might compare one with another and see if they agree one with another in the same doctrine and if they be conformable to themselves every where and so none but those who had great leasure could reade them and being almost all of them either in Latine or Greeke or other strange tongue but few of them in vulgar tongues what should they doe who understand neither Latine nor Greeke There would be none then but the richer and learneder and those who had no other imployment but to reade could be assured of their faith and so all others should be without faith and knowledge of those things which concerne their salvation and consequently in a manifest way of perdition by their ignorance Notwithstanding our Saviour his coming was to teach the poore as well as the rich the ignorant as the learned the Merchants and Tradesmen as well as those who are not so much imployed Besides it is impossible to build upon their Writings any beliefe of faith for as Printing was not in their time but onely two or three hundred yeares since those who have written in the Primitive Church even to our time since our Saviour which hath been thirteen or fourteen hundred yeares have left us nothing but Manuscripts which behooved to be transcribed that they might be dispersed Now there is no man who will not confesse that the Originals and first Manuscripts written or at least revised and corrected by the Fathers which composed them have been seen but of a few and little or nothing of them all is to be found at this time nor was found
Againe in preparing himselfe to saile and about to passe through the raging waves calleth upon a piece of wood more rotten than the vessell that carrieth him for verily desire of gaine devised that and the workman built it by his skill Judge I pray you if all this doth not agree and is not found in the simple people of the Romish Church and if there be not as great reason to condemne them of Idolatry as those of whom it is spoken in this place and are not they which place those Images and expose them to the people which authorise them by their doctrines and sollicite the people thereunto the causers and protectors of Idolatry But as the Booke of Wisdome saith in that place The desire of game hath devised that for it especially hath been the onely covetousnesse of Priests and Clergie to gaine and gather the money and offerings of the people which hath made them expose the Images and erect them in the Churches there being many of those Images worth great revenues to the Clergie and I know some worth above ten thousand Crownes yearely to their Priests and therefore we need not marvell that the Romish Clergie so carefully maintaine the doctrine of invocation of Saints and Images For as the people goe but seldome to God but by the Saints so doe they but seldome goe to the Saints but by the Priests to wit by their Masses Pilgrimages and other the like means and howsoever the saints in heaven take no money for their paines they having no need they neverthelesse which are on the earth can well take it refusing nothing although they have no hands but the Priests have hands enough for all for they take that which is offered them with one hand with the other that which is offered to their Images so they handsomely take as men commonly say two maulters of one sack and know how to flea the poore beast without noise caring little whether the people commit Idolatry or not provided they find their profit And howsoever the Priests know well enough that the people commit idolatry with the Saints and Images in rendring to them the honour that is due to God neverthelesse that doctrine being so profitable to them they are loath to preach against it or reprove it And as a notable and very learned Bishop of the Romish Church who is yet alive and whom I well know a man unblameable in his conversation did begin not long ago eagerly to preach and write against those great abuses against the congregations and Tiercers against pilgrimages and those artificiall superstitions and the Idolatries practised by the ignorant with vitious simplicities and invented of purpose by the Priests to snatch mens money those who were the more interressed rose up against him incontinent and prevailed so far by their practises with the greatest that he was forbidden to preach and write and hath been disgraced and banished these many yeers although he was esteemed for that of the most judicious and even of them who did solicite against him but profit and gain suffocate and strangle oftentimes the reason and truth especially in the Romish Church CHAP. XIX Of the Miracles of the Romish Church THe strongest reason they of the Romish Church have to authorise their invocation of Saints is an infinite multitude of Miracles which they say were done by the Saints at the prayers of the faithfull and the book of their miracles is of such credit at this day in that Church that it is their Word of God and holy Scripture and the book in greatest estimation among the people and where scarcely one Bible is to be found in an whole Parish an hundred books of the life and miracles of Saints are to be seen Truly for my part I once accounted of them as other men did and because there was many strange accidents surpassing the force of nature I took great pleasure in reading those histories for it is naturall to our spirits to be delighted with things which are not common thence cometh it to passe that there are but few that are not delighted with the reading of Romans although they know them to be fabulous and things invented of purpose to passe idle time but when I came to sound and examine the manner in which those things were left unto us I found there was but small reason to brag of those miracles or oppose them to the Word of God and practise of the Apostles and first Christians for there is none but they know that those books of the Saints and especially that which is most esteemed at this present and called the flowers of the Saints composed by Ribadeneyra a Spanish Jesuite hath been extracted out of the ancient Legends and lives of the Saints in which the most judicious of the Romish Church as the Cardinall Baronius and others acknowledge so many absurdities and lies that they are ashamed to hold them for authentique such is the Tripartite History Metaphrastus Nicephorus The life of the ancient Fathers and Hermites attributed to St. Jerome who never dreamed of it The golden Legend and many others of the same kind where it is certain the lives of many Saints are which were never in the world Notwithstanding the Moderns have not neglected to take out of all those books the things which seemed to them least absurd and they thought easiest to be beleeved and so have left it to the world not with more truth but with more likelihood of truth But I would willingly ask them who told them that those things which they have pickt out of those ancient books and old Legends esteemed to be Apocrypha are truer than the things they have left behind For they were not present to know it and all things which might have come to passe and been done are not therefore come to passe and if any Authors have written of them they have taken them one from another as divers Writers do So truly all those Authors old and moderne do not deliver them as holy Scripture or things certain and infallible and the more judicious through all ages have never given great credit thereto Notwithstanding because many Authors are cited in them who write those things which indeed they have never seen but read or learned from their predecessours or found in some Manuscripts wherein were written many lies and false histories to make them more plausible to the end they might sell better to the people and to make them the more credible they write them often under the name of some dead Saint or some grave Author who had been famous and the simpler which make profession to beleeve all that is moulded or printed especially being dazled with the name of so many Authors whereof some were accounted Saints receive that as Gospel firmly beleeving the same but not the more judicious and wiser amongst them And as for Miracles I am not inclined to incredulitie but I am of so easie beleefe in that point as a
inclination to doe that which I desire not and which questionlesse will be displeasing to many Contenting my selfe to say for the present happy are the peoples and Kingdomes which onely strive to frame their beliefe and discipline according to the words and institution of Christ putting far from them all those humane inventions see themselves out of danger of suffering those convulsions and disorders in their bowels which cause such cruell torments and strange colicks to many Countreys and Cities happie are the Princes and States which shut their gates upon them and stop their eares upon their importunate solicitations and thrice happy all they who will open their eares to consider their misery and use wholsome remedies and resolutions to deliver themselves from that slavish tyranny in which the pollicy of the Pope and the Romish Church doth detaine them But I hope that great Physitian will take order ere long and there is great appearance that shortly he will give some remedie for the disease seemeth at the point of its Crisis CHAP. XXVI Of Justification I Did imagine for a long time as doe many of the Church of Rome at this present that they of the Reformed Churches admitting Justification by faith alone did it to exclude good works from the way of salvation and shew themselves in that to be enemies of charitie and of other vertues I did therefore extreamly condemne them and could in no wise approve of their doctrine but when I came to sound their beliefe and see how they are not onely carefull to practise good workes and vertues and that even much more than they of the Romish Church and that they judged them necessary to salvation and that the faith whereof they speake is not a dead faith as the Papists understand it but a lively faith accompanied with good workes and fruitfull in vertues I acknowledged they wrongfully blamed them in this as in many other things also either maliciously to make them odious to the people or ignorantly for not knowing their doctrine as that they make God the Author of sin and say that Christ hath suffered all the very pangs of hell and the like impertinent calumnies which they never dreamed of and which are very different from their beliefe It is most certaine that the faith whereof Christ hath spoken so much to us and which he desired of those whom he did convert to Christianisme and called to be his followers and of whom he saith Ioh. 6.47 that whosoever shall beleeve in him shall have eternall life it is not that which is defined by the Romish Church to be a simple knowledge or beliefe or a consenting to all that God hath revealed to us for otherwise the Devills should have faith and consequently be saved But true justifying faith is another thing for it is not onely a simple knowledge and beliefe of God and of all that he hath revealed but it is further a firme beliefe in God that is to say a trust in his promises and a sure knowledge of his love towards us as by his holy Word he declareth himselfe to be our Father and Saviour by the merits of Christ Now this faith which worketh by knowledge and relyeth altogether on the promise of God is necessarily fruitfull in good workes for from the knowledge of the love which God beareth towards us doth proceed our love towards him and it is altogether impossible to trust in the promise of God not loue him and make good workes follow thereby also is true faith discerned from a false to wit if it worke by charitie if it he joyned with a serious repentance and bring peace of conscience if it be humble not trusting in its owne merits but upon the promise of God in Christ if it kindle the zeale and love of God in our hearts Such is the faith by which we are justified that is to say absolved before God and made pleasing to him thorough the righteousnesse of Jesus Christ and of which it is said Joh. 6.47 Rom. 1.7 Joh. 6.47 He that beleeveth on him hath life eternall and Rom. 1.7 The Just shall live by faith and this faith is not to be found in the Devils nor in the damned as the Church of Rome will have it This being laid downe for the definition of faith it will not be hard to beleeve that we are justified by faith not by works seeing even the Apostle saith it so cleerly that there is no truth so manifestly declared as this and I thinke for my part that he who will not beleeve it must be extreamly blinded or obstinate Reade I pray you the third fourth and fift Chapters to the Romans there you will finde how this doctrine is proved He saith in the third Chap. vers 27. Where is boasting then Rom. 3.27 it is excluded by what Law Of works Nay but by the Law of faith therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the Law And vers 29. Vers 29. For it is God who shall justifie the Circumcision by faith and the Vncircumcision through faith Ch 4.3 V 23 24. Vers 23. And Chap. 4.3 For what saith the Scripture Abraham beleeved God and it was counted to him for righteousnesse And vers 23. Therefore it was imputed to him for righteousnesse Now it was not written for his sake alone but for us also to whom it shall be imputed if wee beleeve in him that raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead And Chap. 5.1 Therefore being justified by faith Rom. 5.1 wee have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ And Gal. 2 16. Gal. 2.16 Knowing that a man is not justified by the workes of the Law but by the faith of Christ even wee have beleeved in Jesus Christ that wee might be justified by the faith of Christ and not by the works of the Law for by the worke of the Law shall no flesh be justified To doubt after all those so cleare passages that saith doth not justifie and that we are not justified by faith but by workes is to be holden for incredulous and voide of sence for my part after I had once considered and knowne the true definition of faith and seriously examined those passages it was impossible to mee to doubt of so cleare a truth True it is if we doe no good but evill workes we cannot be saved yet if we be saved it will not be for our good workes but by the onely goodnesse of God and by faith and confidence in his love and promises I will illustrate it by this example A King adopteth one of his Subjects freely to be heire of his Kingdoms enjoy his Crowne providing he behave himselfe honestly and not otherwise if that man offend the King he maketh himselfe questionlesse unworthy of the heritage and succession and there is no appearance he can possesse it but if he behave himselfe wisely and doe well ought he to
when Printing did begin they being either lost or consumed by fire or time or by the Wormes or a multitude of other accidents which we see doth eat and consume the very stones and Iron Now those first Manuscripts have been copied out by divers Writers and that from hand to hand from time to time to be dispersed and preserved from age to age and run over Kingdoms and after a multitude of Transcriptions passed by example since our Saviours time to us how many faults and what alteration have been made in those Books and in the doctrine of those Fathers for there is no man almost how able soever who can brag that he can transcribe a sheet of paper without committing some one or more faults how many will there be then in a great Volume as one of St Augustins or St Chrysostoms And as those Clerks or Transcribers who were called Amanuenses were for the most part mercenary and did all for money and profit living by that trade it is likely they took not much care but thought onely upon a quick dispatch that they might gaine the more and when they found any thing that seemed a fault to them whether it was really so or not they changed and corrected it according to their minde and passion it faring with faults as with balls of snow which the more they are rolled grow the bigger so far was their faults to be lesned by their Writers thav they were rather augmented and multiplied the old continuing or rather growing worse and daily more new ones being made so that some little time after it might be said of every Book that it was in a manner no more the same Book but altogether another being so much changed and altered And the Romish Church growing in power and authoritie when shee found any thing in those Books contrary to her doctrine and the increase of her greatnesse or against her designes and intentions shee did condemne the same as falsified and falsly attributed to the Fathers and correct it after her own minde and fancy and when Printing was come in use shee made choice of that which was most conformable to her doctrine or rather moulding and forming it by her agents and supporters to her own minde caused it so to be printed suppressing and forbidding other Copies as spurious and corrupted said they by some heretiques or malicious people or falsly attributed to their Authors and so who can now say in the world certainly that the writings fathered upon Irenaeus Cyrillus Augustin and other ancient Fathers are the true and genuine Writings of those Fathers not falsified or supposed And if it hath been so hard a matter to preserve the holy Scripture which is but a little Book in comparison of those others in its purity through so many ages when Printing was not in use What can we say of those great Volumes which were not in so great request nor so much respected and where the change and alteration was not of so great importance to care so much but where every one took often the authoritie to change according to his fancy and accommodate the Father to his minde to authorise his beliefe I think there is no man of good judgement in the world who seeth not cleerly the force and power of this so manifest truth and that it is impossible to ground any certaine beliefe such as that of faith ought to be upon so uncertaine grounds Besides that though they were most certaine yet being men subject to mistakes and errours wee were not obliged to make their opinions our Judges if they be not conformable to the Word of God which is the rule of all truth For which cause I shall not strive in this Booke to alledge many passages of Fathers but onely shew my opinion grounded upon strong reasons and upon the vertue of the Scripture My intention not being to make a great Volume but onely a little Book of small cost and little time and paines both for my selfe and the Reader CHAP. VIII Concerning the chiefe point of Controversie to wit that St Peter had no primacy in the Church and that the primacy of the Pope is an unlawfull usurpation AS I have ever beleeved that the chiefe and most important point among all the controversies betwixt the Catholique reformed and the Romish Church is that of the Primacy of the Pope and whether he be Vicar of Christ Jesus on earth universall and generall Bishop over all Christians and be head and superiour of the Catholique Church So it was the first motive of my conversion and that which I esteemed to have most need to be well considered and examined as being the ground of all the Romish beliefe which once over-turned shee must of necessitie fall to the ground And howsoever there be many other points of great importance this neverthelesse is as the Center where all the rest do meet and the axletree on which they all move and the foundation that upholdeth them because that whatsoever point of faith or Scripture is in controversie those of the Romish Church will have none but the Church for Judge or as I have shewed the Pope saying he is Vicar of Christ Jesus and head of the universall Church and consequently sole Judge in matters of faith And being the Pope of Rome pretendeth this authoritie onely so far as he vaunteth himselfe to be successour of St Peter to whom he saith that Christ Jesus hath given this power I have diligently examined the question to see what reason and ground the Doctors of the Romish Church have to maintaine the same and howsoever they reject the Scripture and will not admit it to be Judge of controversie they are neverthelesse necessitated to have recourse to it and receive it for Judge in this point For the question being of the Pope he must not be Judge and party and it would be an insufferable impertinency to goe about to prove the Pope by the Pope and maintaine that he is head of the Church because maintaineth he and affirmeth it he must then of necessitie declare and produce his other titles and shew by what vertue he posseseth this authoritie there being no proscription in matter of faith and conscience for otherwise the Religion of the Gentiles and Idolaters would have been thought the best and the doctrine of the Evangelists would never have been planted for which cause also he laboureth to prove this his Article by the Scripture And to that end we shall first set downe the strongest of his reasons by way of objection the weaknesse and nullity of which I shall shew And although it be sufficient enough for evidencing his power to be unlawfull and usurped making it appeare that his titles are false and of no force and that wee are not obliged to bring proofes out of the Scriptures for that which is not a point of our faith it being sufficient for us that it is not in the Scripture which we hold for sole rule
doe it it should especially have been at this time an occasion and if he hath not done it here nor elsewhere it is an infallible and certaine proofe that he will leave no other superiour over the Church but himselfe and the holy Spirit Mat. 28.20 and he saith that he would remaine and stay with them alwayes even to the end of the world Besides our Saviour being upon the Crosse recommendeth his Mother to St John and St John to his Mother if St Peter should have been his Successour and Vicar after his death he might even then have spoken something but neither did he it there nor before nor after he was risen although he was conversant amongst them and with his Disciples oftentimes for the space of fortie dayes is not this then a most manifest and cleere proofe that he would leave neither Successour nor generall Vicar in his roome and that it is without sence or reason to say he left St Peter If the testimony of all the men in the world should be found to contradict this same would it be of greater force and strength than this The Word of God ought to triumph over all neither should any thing be opposed to it and it is blasphemy to attempt it there needeth no glosses here for this is cleere enough but either must a man renounce all that is in the holy Scripture or acknowledge this doctrine and truth nor could ever I conclude otherwise having considered it Here you may see good Reader by the holy Scripture that Jesus Christ had never intention to leave any man for Successour and universall Vicar or generall head in his place and that he himself alone would be governour and director for ever and none other but himselfe Therefore it is wrongfully that the Pope of Rome groundeth and maintaineth his authoritie upon that Now let us see by the holy Scripture that the Apostles did never hold Peter for his Successour or universall head of the Church CHAP. X. Proved by the holy Spirit that the Apostles did never acknowledge St Peter for superiour and universall head of the Church IF St Peter hath been instituted by Christ generall Pastour of the Church and Superiour over all the Apostles and Christians I undoubtedly beleeve that the other Apostles did know it perfectly for although Christ should never have declared any thing to them yet the holy Spirit who instructed them in all truth would have taught them this so important a point So it is that it may be proved even by the Scripture it selfe that the Apostles did never acknowledge this superioritie and primacy in Peter and therefore we may safely conclude that he never had it I finde in the Acts of the Apostles chap. 15.7 that the first Councell of the Church after the death of our Saviour was holden at Jerusalem where St James was Bishop and not St Peter that Paul and Barnabas and others came expresly that the Apostles and Elders did assemble to confer about something touching Circumcision and after great debate Peter saith Luke rose up and spake and after him Paul and Barnabas declaring what signes and wonders God had done by them among the Gentiles and so soone as they had done St James answered saying Men and brethren hearken unto mee Simon hath declared how God c. Wherefore my sentence is that wee trouble not them which among the Gentiles are turned to God but that we write unto them c. Now judge I pray you by this passage if Peter may be thought chiefe in this so noble and famous action if there be any of the Apostles who may be thought superiour in this assembly it is questionlesse St James the Councell holding in his Citie and Church It is true St Peter speaketh after some dispute not first as is pretended for they had already disputed and spoken but St James pronounceth sentence in this assembly and as Judge and of most authoritie in the Councell it being done in his Church he imposeth silence to speak and pronounce the sentence as is the custome of the Judges and saith Wherefore my sentence is or now I Judge Ego autem Judico as St Jeroms translation hath it which questionlesse he did not as superiour to all but as Bishop of the place where the assembly was holden and to whom for that respect the first place and greatest authoritie was due as there is no Bishop in the world that giveth not place to another in his owne Church and within the bounds of his Jurisdiction But if Peter had had the primacy he would have pronounced the sentence as Judge and as Master and superiour over them all and it was his to say Ego Judico I marvell also that St James speaking to him if he thought him Vicar of Christ said not our Master Simon or the universall Vicar and Pastour or gave him not some great title such as is now given to the Pope it being a great over-sight to omit it but he saith onely Simon hath told if Simon was his superiour and universall head of the Church St James was greatly to be blamed in this point for some irreverence or little respect but knowing that there was but equalitie among them he useth him as his equall keeping onely the authoritie and dignitie of his own Sea It is said in the Acts chap. 11.1 that St Peter having converted and baptized Cornelius the Centurion and all those men who were Gentiles he came up againe to Jerusalem and being there they who were of the Circumcision that is the converted Jewes would have reproved him and contended with him saying Why wentest thou into men uncircumcised and didst eat with them Peter beginneth and declareth all the matter unto them in order and justifieth the action if St Peter was head of the Church and generall Pastour of all Christians and of all the world I marvell first how they had the boldnesse to reprove him for preaching to the Gentiles whose Pastour he was as well as of the Jewes and I admire also that St Peter seemeth to excuse himselfe before them upon a particular revelation and commission and did not rather tell them that being universall Pastour he had power over all soules and it belonged to him to preach the Gospell to every creature not onely to the Jewes but also to the Gentiles certainly he did not acknowledge as yet that generall power and universall primacy in himselfe nor yet did Christians acknowledge it in him for out of all question they would have spoken otherwise to him and he would also have answered in other tearmes especially if he had thought to have had that infallibilitie which the Pope of Rome vindicateth to himselfe which he saith he hath gotten by the succession and in the person of St Peter Moreover the Apostles sent Peter and John to preach in Samaria would the Pope now adayes receive any such commission Acts 8. and goe preach to the Indians or in Russia by Commission
from some other Bishops in France or Italy Further St Paul saith Gal. 2.16 that the preaching of the Gospel of the Uncircumcision was committed to him as that of the Circumcision to St Peter and when James Cephas and John who seemed to be pillars perceived the grace saith he that was given unto mee they gave to me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship that is they received mee for companion that we should goe unto the brethren and they unto the Circumcision Here if you please you may observe that he attributeth no more to Peter than to John and James but calleth them all three Pillars and nameth not Peter but James first which shewed that he acknowledged no superioritie amongst them above the rest and saith further that the right hand of association was given him that is they received him for companion to goe and preach to the Gentiles as they to the Jewes Is there any Bishop in the world who dare write himselfe companion to the Pope and the charge to preach to the Gentiles was it not the most honourable and greatest and most fit to the universall Pastour of the world which if St Peter had been it was to him rather than to St Paul to whom it did belong it being also said that he hath been Bishop of the chiefe Citie of all the Gentiles although there be no proofe or likelihood of it fit in the Scripture but of this hereafter Gal. 2.11 And a little after in the same chap. When Peter saith he was come to Antioch I withstood him to the face because he was to be blamed for before that certaine came from James he did eat with the Gentiles but when they were come he withdrew and separated himselfe fearing them which were of the Circumcision and the other Jewes dissembled likewise with him in so much that Barnabas also was carried away with their dissimulation But when I saw that they walked not uprightly according to the truth of the Gospel I said unto Peter before them all If thou being a Iew live also after the manner of the Gentiles and not as doe the Jewes why compellest thou the Gentiles to live as doe the Iewes Here you see how Paul saith that he withstood Peter to his face because he was to be blamed yea and reproved him sharply for his dissimulation and evill example if Paul had acknowledged Peter for his superiour and head over all Christians it is out of all doubt a great fault in Paul to resist his superiour to his face and so to write and if he did acknowledge in him that infallibilitie whereof the Pope braggeth how saith he that he was to be blamed and faulty there can be no other thing answered to this but that Paul did not acknowledge any superioritie or infallibilitie in Saint Peter otherwise there is none of good judgement in the world who would not think Paul guilty of a fault and crime of contempt and yet no man even to this day nor any Pope durst ever condemne this fault in Paul and did also he onely acknowledge Peter as his equall and fellow-Apostle whom he was bold to reprove and I beleeve that every man who is not interessed and is void of passion will judge with me by those passages of Scripture and with the orthodox belief that the Apostles did never acknowledge this superiority and Primacy in Peter and that it is in vain to the Pope to vindicate the same to himself Peter having never had it Finally if Saint Peter himself did think he had this universall authority over all the Apostles and all Christians and all the Churches of the world I marvell he never made it appear nor used it at any time and that there is nothing spoken of it in the Acts of the Apostles which are the history of the Apostles for more then 20 years I marvell also that he did not addresse some Epistles to all the Christians in the world but contented himself to write onely to some Jewes who were dispersed by the persecution of Saint Steven and I marvell yet most of all he did not put some titles before his Epistles to make known his Primacy he doth not write Peter Bishop of Bishops or universall Pastour of the Church or great Vicar of Christ on earth 1. Pet. 1. nor any such thing but onely Peter an Apostle of Jesus Christ to the strangers which are scattered in Pontus Galatia Cappadocia Asia and Bythinia there is not so much as one word in both those Epistles that favoureth of his Supremacy his words are not the words of a Master nor of a Superiour or Soveraign doth a Soveraign ever write long letters to his subjects and never speak to them as a Soveraign how humble soever he be without using any word of Lord and Master or giving any commandement It appeareth then hereby and by that which we spoke before that the Apostles did never acknowledge this Primacy of Saint Peter nor did he ever acknowledge it himself and I beleeve I have sufficiently proved this by Scripture to be judged by any man of judgement that those arguments of Scripture to prove this negative to wit that Saint Peter had no Primacy are beyond all comparison stronger than those which the Romish Church doth produce to prove the affirmative of this Doctrine to wit that Saint Peter was Head of the Church I know that the Doctours of the Romish Church want not explications in their favour upon those passages whether found out by them or some of the auncients for there is no errour that may not finde some colourable pretext but we shall give sufficient answers thereto in the next chapter and J protest I never found satisfaction nor I beleeve shall any man of sound judgement find satisfaction therein for this truth is too clear and evident to be contradicted Now let us see if the Bishop of Rome who calleth himself Successour of Saint Peter was acknowledged by the primitive Church and those first ages to have had this Primacy and universall superiority over the whole Church CHAP. XI That although Saint Peter had had the preeminence the Pope hath no right to challenge it to himself and that the Primitive Church never acknowledged this universall Superiority in the Bishop of Rome THe first question to be cleared here should be whether Saint Peter were ever Bishop of Rome or if he ever was at Rome for the Pope of Rome pretendeth onely his Primacy by succeeding Saint Peter in the Sea of Rome to which saith he is annexed the generall chair and universall power over all christians If any truth may be drawn from the Scripture in this point it is out of all doubt more probable yea and more certain that he was never Bishop nay that he was never there then otherwise for it was a strange and hard thing to beleeve that he was there and founded that Church established there his Sea and chair which the Pope esteemeth the first
excommunicated by his Patriarch or Metropolitan or by any Councell either justly or unjustly he went presently to Rome addressing himselfe to the Bishop as the richest of them all to assist him and the most powerfull and of greatest authoritie to protect him against his adversaries and as necessitie and extremitie passe often all the limits of truth many amongst them to captivate his good will and favour strove to give him as great titles as their industry could suggest and although they who gave them and they to whom they were given knew sufficiently that it was wrongfully and without reason or the Word of God neverthelesse the extremitie and necessitie of the one made them submit even in that point depriving themselves of somethings which justly belonged to them to give them to the Bishop from whom they expected assistance and the vanitie which did creep in and diffuse it selfe in the hearts made many Popes receive those titles without contradiction at least apparant or opposition that was capable to hinder the progresse In Sylvester his time indeed it did cleerly appeare that the greatnesse and authoritie of the Bishop of Rome did grow and increase mightily Neverthelesse the title of general Pastour or universall head of Bishops or Vicar of Christ Jesus on earth was not yet in use nor was it given or usurped by any and the first Bishop of Rome in whose time the title of universall Bishop began to be spoken of was Gregory who lived above an hundred and fiftie yeares after Sylvester between the fifth and sixth age I call them and others Saints after the manner of the Romish Church that it may the better be knowne of whom I speake I having no purpose here to question their holines seeing also the Apostle calleth all Christians Saints and although it is apparant that the puritie of the Church was already much changed under this Pope yet he had modesty enough pertinently to refuse this title which was offered him and to reprove and blame the same severely in the Bishop of Constantinople who challenged and usurped that which hitherto had been attempted by none other And however my resolution be not to overcharge this Treatise with passages of Fathers I hope notwithstanding that it shall not be amisse to set downe St Gregories own words on this subject which even those of the Romish Church confesse to be true and not Apocrypha and shew so neere as I can the summe of the History There was at that time in Constantinople a Bishop named Iohn a man exceeding ambitious desiring to extend the limits of his Diocesse as far as was those of the Empire and usurpe the title of universall Bishop over the whole Church even as the Emperour who had his residence in that Citie was generall and universall Monarch of the world a title which before him no Bishop durst usurpe which Gregory Bishop of Rome seeing and considering how great consequence prejudice it was to his See and all other Bishops he as the most potent and remarkable among them for the causes I have already set downe opposeth stoutly labouring violently to repell the boldnesse and temeritie of this usurper Greg. l. 4. Epist 76. without complaining therefore that John had therein incroached upon any priviledge appertaining to him and all the Bishops of Rome but he couragiously maintaineth that title to be prophane sacrilegious and a presage of the comming of Antichrist Idem l. 4. Epist 78. see the 76 Epistle 4 Book And in the 78 Epistle of the same Book It is saith he a thing too hard to indure that our brother and fellow-Bishop should be alone called Bishop in contempt of all the rest and what other thing doth his arrogance portend but that the time of Antichrist approacheth already in so far as he imitateth him who disdaining the company of Angells assayed to ascend to the top of singularitie In the 80 Epistle of the same Book he saith Idem l. 4. Epist 80. None of my predecessours would use this prophane word because if one will call himselfe universall Patriarch the name of Patriarch is stolne from others but far be it from a Christian soule that any should falsly ascribe to himselfe that whereby he diminisheth any thing from the honour of the brethren to consent to that unjust speech is no other thing than to fall from the faith one thing wee owe to the unitie of faith and another thing to suppresse pride and I say boldly that he who calleth himselfe Pastour universall or desireth so to be called surpasseth the Antichrist in pride because by pride he exalteth himselfe above others Idem l. 6 Epist 188. In his 188 Epistle of the sixt Book see his words I have said that he could not have peace with us if he corrected not the vanitie of that superstitious and ambitious word which hath been invented by the first Apostat and to speak nothing of the injury done to your honour if a Bishop be called universall that universall once falling the universall Church must also fall downe Thus much saith St Gregory of the arrogance of John Patriarch of Constantinople Idem l. 1. Epist 30. who would appropriate this title to himselfe he blameth his insolence and applieth not to himselfe that which he denieth to him but rather refuseth it being offered in those words in the thirtith Epistle of his seventh Book Behold saith he in the Preface of the Epistle yee have sent unto mee I having forbid it yee have wrote a word full of ambition calling mee universall Pope which I intreat you yee would use no more for it is taken from you which is given to any other more than reason requireth As for mee I account it no honour to see the honour of my brethren diminished for my honour is the honour of the universall Church and the solid authoritie of my brethren Now if your sanctitie call mee the Pope universall you deny your selfe to be such in calling mee universall And thus much St Gregory in those places for the condemning of that title as well in his owne person as in John who would not for all submit thereto but persisted still in his presumption nor would his successour after him for any intreaty part with any thing Judge by those testimonies if in those times the Bishop of Rome was thought or did thinke himselfe generall Pastour and Head of the Church his power and authoritie being already very great but not yet come to the presumption of usurping that dignity and primacy for that seemed to be an usurpation of such consequence and prejudice to all other Bishops that he durst not attempt it publikely for feare of a generall oppositiō from all other Bishops who might also have interposed the authoritie of the Emperour And howsoever the Bishop of Rome at that time did shew a great inclination to their primacy for perfecting of their greatnesse yet did they never dare to ascribe the same to themselves
they exercise any act of their charge or administer any Sacraments And neverthelesse they often continue so many years but as they imagine themselves to have all power to binde loose on earth so doe they quickly loose themselves from all those Anathema's being once Popes extending the same favour to all those who have assisted them in that mystery of iniquitie By such corrupt and diabolicall election it hath come to passe that such abominable Monsters the Earth hath seen sit in the chair of Rome that none can read the History of the Popes written by Papists themselves but their hair riseth with horrour it is not my intention here to set down the abhominations which are to be seen in those books howsoever written with all the moderation possible to a favourable Historian for I will not here be accounted invective and those who have not read those books should suspect me of that crime in producing such a multitude as hardly could they beleeve them being written by my hand But let those who will read there the life of Vrbanus the seventh who for a light suspition put to death eight of his Cardinals cruelly causing to be sowed five of them in one sack and did throw them into the Sea before his eyes he being present in the same ship Oh more than barbarous crueltie for a Church-man Let them see the life of Alexander the sixth sometimes called Borgia a native of Spaine who gave the Indies to the King of Spaine where he had nothing himself and gratified him â—â—â—ther with the brave title of Catholick King Let them but read I say the life of that good Pope and they shall see how many bastards he had and how loving one of them called Valentine excessively although the Murtherer of his own eldest brother to get his estate he had resolved to poyson all the richest Cardinals of his Court at one time at a feast he had prepared for them in the Countrey thereby to inrich his foresaid bastard with their spoils but that cruell designe was both prevented and punished by God for being thirstie before dinner the butler either ignorantly or by the just judgement of God taking the bottle with the poysoned wine for the wholesome the Pope having drunk of it died presently and that Valentine who drunk also with him being younger and stronger than he died not presently but languished the rest of his life An infinite number of such or the like actions little better if not worse are to be seen in their lives and histories where I rather wish the Reader to search them than that I should blot my book with them for if I should set them down here the simple and ignorant would beleeve I spoke with more passion than truth many of their actions surpassing all belief And if there be found any amongst those Popes well bred and of a courteous and wise disposition that hath seldome come to passe neverthelesse they have been guiltie some few excepted of the common crime of inriching their Nephews bastards and kinsfolks with the goods of the Church and the blood and substance of poore Christians so far as their power could extend it self and those have been the materials that have builded and cemented almost all the most potent families at this day in Italy But let us a little reflect upon the power of the Popes of Rome and their election for it is an important point CHAP. XIIII A notable reflection upon the usurped power of the Pope and his election and how much all Princes Prelates and Christians even Romanes are interressed therein I Have sufficiently shewne before that St. Peter never had the Primacy and how that which the Bishop of Rome pretendeth being usurped is unlawfull and of no force But let us suppose that Jesus Christ did establish St. Peter for his Vicar on earth and for Head of the Church after his death Nay suppose that St. Peter was Bishop of Rome it will not therefore follow that the primacie of the Church is bound to the Bishop of Rome and that he must be head of the Church who is created Bishop of the City of Rome or that the people of Rome have the priviledge to give a generall Head to the universall Church as those of the Romish Church are forced to confesse St. Peter say they was Bishop of Rome and erected his chaire at Rome therefore he hath placed and established the Primacie there I am sure that St. Peter also and first was Bishop of Antioch after the death of the Son of God therefore the seat of Primacie should be rather at Antioch Yes but he lived and died at Rome Our Saviour who was the chief Priest and Head of the Church without controversie died at Jerusalem at Jerusalem therefore rather should the Primacie and first chaire be and seeing Moses who was principall amongst the people and chief Doctor did exercise his office and die in the Wildernesse therefore ought the Israelites also to make the seat of their primacie and principalitie in the wildernesse They must then of necessitie say that the priviledge of primacie was personall and not locall given to the person of St. Peter and not to the City of Rome where he setled his last See they having as yet found no such passage in the holy Scripture commanding the primacie to be annexed to the Bishoprick of Rome If then the primacie of the Church was not bound to the Bishop of Rome what right have the Romanists had to give a generall head to all Christians as they have done a long time And although it had been annexed to him when it was a question to create a Primate by the course of election all Christians ought to be called to give their voice either themselves or by their deputies and chuse him whom they were to obey which never being done sheweth sufficiently that election was not lawfull and so other Christians were not obliged to obey him they having neither been called nor had voice in his election it being the Law of all Canonique election that all those who have interest be called to give their voice and suffrages either themselves or by their deputies But let us leave those ancient elections and see if that which is now adayes be surer and juster Here Oh Noble Princes and Prelates of the Romish Church I wish earnestly ye would onely lift up your eyes and consider how much ye are interressed in the election of the Popes practised now â—dayes When it is a question to create a generall and universall Pastor of the Church I beleeve that all Princes and Pastors yea and all Christians ought to be called to elect and chuse themselves or by their deputies him whom they must obey and who ought to keep and guide their souls and on whom all the good or evill of the Church dependeth But this is not observed they contenting themselves with the Cardinals who represent say they the Clergie of the Church Here I
and corporally there and the Orthodox and reformed Church spiritually sacramentally and figuratively and after the same manner that our Saviour did receive it and give it to his Disciples Now there is no appearance our Saviour did eate his true and proper body for so should he have had his body within his body his whole head in his mouth in his stomacke and at one time been passible and impassible neither is there any likelihood he gave it after that manner to his Disciples for as it is said Ioh. 6.63 Joh. 6.63 It is the spirit that quickneth the flesh profiteth nothing and although we know that the whole body and person of the Son of God is of an infinite merit because of the hypostaticall union with the Deitie yet the Romane Doctors confesse ingenuously and affirme with us that it is not the corporall reception nor to receive it corporally that quickneth and maketh us partakers of the graces of this holy Sacrament for so should rats and dogs be capable as we are but onely the sacramentall and spirituall union and reception which is by true faith and the true and simple love of God under the signes of this holy Sacrament and therefore I marvell they stammer so much at this seeing they doe not pretend to receive more spirituall graces and benefits therein than they of the reformed Churches doe For my part I may truly say in this as I have already said in the matter of the Saints my inclination is very forward to render to God and the Saints and all the mysteries of our Religion all possible honour and respect and if I could acknowledge the reall and corporall presence of my Saviour in all his Sacraments and in all the mysteries of my Religion I would do it with all my heart but we have rules and lawes that guide us and to which we ought to submit our selves and onely looke to the will of God his institution and holy Word for that is the onely measure which ought to rule and forme our faith Now it is most evident by the Words and institution of Christ that he did not give his body corporally but onely figuratively and spiritually under the substance and figure of bread for see the words of Matth. 26.26 And Jesus took bread blessed it Mat. 26.26 and brake it and gave it to his Disciples There yee see that which he tooke was nothing but bread and that he blessed the bread which he did take and brake it and gave it so it was but bread which he gave for that which he tooke and blessed and broke was but bread But yee object that he said Mat. 26.26 This is my body therefore that which he gave was his body It is true he said This is my body but it is to be remarked that our Saviour speaking in Hebrew which although much mingled with the Syriaque was yet so called spake according to the phrase of that tongue now in that language the word signifie or represent is not found and in place thereof they used the word Est So we see in the Hebrew old Testament this word Est ordinarily used for the word signifie or represent as Gen. 40.12 Gen. 40.12 Joseph expounding the Dreames of the Cup-bearer and Baker of Pharoah saith The three branches are three dayes Vers 18. and in the 18 verse The three baskets are three dayes that is signifie and represent three dayes and in the 41 Chap. vers 26. Gen. 41.26 The fat Kine and the seven full eares are seven yeares and the seven evill favoured and leane Kine and the seven blasted eares are seven yeares It is cleare then from these passages that the word Est even in the Plurall number and in diverse Tenses import so much as signifie or represent Whence it is that although the Greek tongue want not words to expresse signifie figure or represent yet the Greek new Testament which often followeth the Hebrew phrase hath often est for signifie as the Apostle Paul 1 Cor. 10.4 1 Cor. 10.4 Gal. 4.24 Rev. 19.9 The stone was Christ and to the Galat. 4.24 the bondwoman and the free to wit Agar and Sarah are the two Testaments And Rev. 17.9 The seven heads are seven mountains upon which the woman sitteth And in vers 12. The ten hornes ARE ten kings v. 18. and vers 18. The woman which thou sawest IS the great City It being impossible then for our Saviour to say in his own language this signifieth or representeth my body because those words were not in that language he spake as he could and according to the forme of speech used among the Jews and familiar in holy Scripture And the Evangelists knowing that Christ did speak in that manner have set it down the most ingeniously they could so the Romish Church hath no reason to beleeve that to be his true body because Christ said This is my body Ioh. 14.6 Besides when our Saviour saith St. Joh. 14.6 I am the way the truth and the life I am the doore and the like the Romish Church understandeth it figuratively and by way of Allegory why then when Christ hath said This is my body do they not understand it figuratively for it is as hard to beleeve that the bread is the bodie of Christ as that he is the way or a doore and all that they say that our Saviour did more clearly explain himself in those other passages than in this it is without reason or ground but rather he hath explained himself more cleerly in this than the others Luk. 22.19 1 Cor. 11.16 saying Do this in remembrance of me as S. Luke hath it 22.19 and as S. Paul explaineth it 1 Cor. 11.16 Moreover if Christ had given his true body he would have commanded his disciples to adore it and would have elevated it that they might have adored it which cannot be observed seeing they sate stil at Table which is a posture no way fit for adoration and they who should do it now in the Romish Church would be judged to be prophane and contemners of God and this adoration would have been chiefly necessarie at this first institution and as it was impossible but some crums would fall especially in breaking the bread as Christ is said to have done he would straightly have charged them together to gather up all the crums together diligently not leaving any as they do in the Romish Church for according to this opinion Christ should be wholly in everie little crumme as well as in the greatest pieces which neverthelesse is not to be seen in any place of the holy Scripture This is also proved by the words pronounced in the distribution of the cup for thus S. Matthew hath it 26.27 and taking the cup he gave thanks Matth. 26.27 and gave it them saying Drink ye all of this for this is the blood of the new Testament which is shed for many for the remission of
sins S. Luke who hath written since hath these words Chap. 22. v. Luk. 22.20 20. This cup is the new Testament in my blood which is shed for you and likewise S. Paul 1 Cor. 11. This might suffice to shew that the words of S. Matthew should be figuratively understood and in a significative mystery for S. Paul and S. Luke having written since have set it down after the same manner to cleer the mystery having made as it were a paraphrase upon the words of Saint Matthew Now those words of S. Luke and S. Paul lead straight to the knowledge of the truth for I beleeve not they can say that the cup is really the new Testament or a covenant for a Testament or a Covenant are a relation an action an accident and the blood is a substance Moreover a Testament consisteth in clauses and promises which can no wayes appertain to the blood of our Saviour and there is no reason to call Christ the Testament seeing he is the Testator himself and if a partie contracting can be called Testament and Covenant the faithfull may also be called the covenant and the Priest making daily the blood of Jesus Christ should make the covenant and Testament of Christ every day which is eternall and was made before the institution of this mystery The Gospel which is the Testament of the Son of God being alreadie divulged and therefore we must say that those words this cup is the new Testament in my blood ought to be understood figuratively and in a signifying mystery and therefore you may see the word est used for signifie or represent even in the institution of this mystery by the Romanists own confession wherefore then think they it strange that it is so used also in the distribution of the bread Furthermore this Sacrament is called bread in a number of other places and that after the institution of this mysterie and Christ saith after the administration of the wine Verily I say unto you I will drink no more of the fruit of the Vine he meant then that it was wine after he had spoken those words In a word the institution of Christ appeareth so clearly in this mystery to have been onely the figure of his body and blood that I marvell how any can doubt of it and those who desire to be further informed upon this may read the Authors who have written of it more learnedly and copiously especially the books of Doctors Peter du Moulin and Andrew Rivet two of the most able and famous writers of this age and who are reputed for such even by the learnedst of the Romish Church Now as for the distribution and communion under two kinds it is certain that Jesus Christ gave it so and that he gave the bread and wine together to all them that were then at Table with him and that in them he hath commanded all Christians to do the same Matth. 26.26 by those words Take and eat and by those other words Drink ye all of this for they to whom he saith Drink ye all were none other but they to whom he had said Take and eat and when he said drink ye all if they to whom he spake should onely represent the Priests as the Romanists will have there should be none also but the Priests obliged to communicate under the element of bread for they were none other but the same and there is neither ground nor reason to make this distinction But if they say that the Church hath taken the cup from the people for many just reasons and to shun a multitude of inconveniences as because the wine might easily spill because it is scarce in divers places or for the irreverence many might commit in wetting their beards in the cup and so letting some drops of the blood of Christ hang thereon by which means they should have the whole body of Christ hanging at their moustaches which would be very great irreverence and other the like frivolous and ridiculous reasons that is to shew themselves wiser than their Master Christ and to blame him of indiscretion for not foreseeing all those inconveniences and disorders in instituting that holy mystery But our Saviour being the eternall Wisdom cannot be blamed of that vice and well knowing and foreseeing all that was to fall out in the world through all the ages to come all those reasons ought not to be alledged on the contrarie but it is in a multitude of other things as well as in this that the Church of Rome passeth from the institution of Christ to follow her own inventions desiring her self to be esteemed wiser than the Wisedom it self Now I beleeve a Christian cannot be blamed for doing as Christ our Master hath done and taught us by his example and words and to imitate him as neer as can be in all his actions and especially in the administration and reception of the Sacraments but rather that the perfection of a Christian life and doctrine consisteth in following the words and examples and the institution of Christ and that with all possible exactnesse and seeing the Church of Rome beleeveth and confesseth that Christ hath instituted the holy Sacrament as it ought to be and none can find fault with his institution wherefore do they not follow his institution and example which if they did in this and other things they would in a short time be but one fold and one Shepheard to wit Jesus Christ and all controversies should be quickly decided CHAP. XXI Of the Masse and of Prayers in a strange Tongue ONe of the things of greatest importance at this day in the Romish Church is the Masse which the people be commanded to hear wholly on the Sundayes and holidayes under the pain of eternall damnation and are exhorted to hear it every day for which so many rich Altars are erected for which so great diversity of ornaments of silke and embroiderie loaded with gold and pearl and for which they have such a huge number of utensils of incense dishes of candlesticks lamps and moveables of gold and silver that to speak the truth it is a thing very pleasant to the eye and very capable to draw approbation and applause from those who have no other reason but sence but in matter of Sacraments and divine mysteries men ought not to stay upon humane inventions proper for recreation and delight as may be done in Tragedies and Comedies and in worldly magnificences and pomps of this world but they ought onely to look to the divine intention and institution and seek more after the happinesse and salvation of the soul than the contentment and pleasure of the sence And howsoever the Popish Doctors preach to the simpler that Christ and his Apostles did say Masse and write in the Indexes of their Bibles and contents of Chapters the Masse proved in these places where Christ instituted the Sacrament of his Supper if they mean that to communicate in both kinds is to say
dissention and strange scandall in the Church of Rome that they of that partie are ashamed and know not what to think on and it is probable that ere it be long the interchucks of those great and heavie clouds will make terrible thundrings I pray God the lightnings may be good and the effects happie But certainly it is not without subject if the Bishops complain so much to see the Pope of Rome whom they esteeme but their equall under pretext of his usurped authority send them fellow-helpers in their Diocesses without their consent and even against their will and inclination which say they have more power than themselves and brag they are exempted from their jurisdiction preaching in their Diocesse against their will and confessing in despight of them and all the Pastors and who by their Indulgences and Papall priviledges and other Monasticall allurements withdraw their sheep out of their Parish and common fold causing schismes in their Churches especially by the means of certain congregations and brotherhoods invented of purpose to bind the people to them and draw from them their wealth and possessions which is the drift and end of the mystery and truly it would vex a Saint as they say and if the Bishops power were answerable to their good will there would in a short time be no religious nor Monks in the world acknowledging at their own cost too late that institution never to have been of Christ nor his Apostles but onely a humane invention which the Popes have made use of to maintain their authoritie amongst the people especially against the contradictions of the Bishops and truly the Pope hath nor any stronger pillars at this present in the world for he maintaineth them by priviledges and immunities and they defend him by their tongue and writings so one hand scratcheth another Now if the Bishops complain so much seeing their authoritie so far wronged in and by them the kingdom republiques and Cities do no lesse at this present finding their shoulders loaded and their purses extremely lightned thereby for the most part of them are open or secret beggars who calling themselves voluntarily poore are shamelesse and beleeve mens whole estate belongs to them and that every one is bound to give them and who by their stratagems and importunitie can suck the very blood of families leaving often nothing but the bones for the poore children to gnaw for if you chase them out by the one dore they will returne by the other If they be refused by word they enter againe by friends and other inventions if you give them a flat deniall they calumniate you amongst your neighbours as an avaritious or ungodly man if yee give to one yee must give to twenty nay even to all for feare of incurring their disgrace and the bad effects of their tongues which are rather beleeved of the people when they lie than others when they speake truth and are Trumpets that sound every where it is impossible to content them all otherwise men must have the riches of Salomon Moreover they are insatiable so that an honest man that would maintaine his family in any good fashion and shew that his children may obtaine better matches if he cannot give those men proportionably to that which they see appeare outwardly he is often redacted to such extremities that makes him send a thousand complaints and sighes unto heaven against the institution and establishment of those kinde of men It is impossible to hinder them when they have a minde to settle themselves in any Citie or Bishopricke for being troopes composed of a number both of quick and dull spirits they finde easily friends strong and able enough to force and constraine the wills even of Princes and if Kings refuse them they set new inventions and practices on foote to move and stirre up Queenes to prosecute their designes so that it is not to be marveiled if they enter wheresoever they will and there maintaine themselves against the will and combination almost of all And which is worse there is almost no religious Order which hath not a desire to multiply inlarge and establish themselves every where to possesse and governe all themselves alone and when they are established they move heaven and earth to hinder least any companions should come and live neere them or be admitted not onely where they remaine but in all the Circumference and Sphere of their activitie I know a certaine Order which being established in a Towne hath to my knowledge assayed all meanes for divers yeares to hinder the Orders of Jesuits Recolects Penitents Minims Fathers Oratories Feuillants shod and bare-footed Carmelites Pyramidall Augustines and others to settle neere them Now if so much good commeth from those Orders as they make the people beleeve I would gladly aske wherefore they trouble and disquiet themselves so much to hinder others from being admitted and received with them to contribute to the Common good as they doe considering the spirits and inclinations of the people to be different and one will like one Order who will dislike another seeing also as they often preach there cannot be too many good men in the world but charitie say they beginneth at home or to speake the truth covetousnesse commandeth them as well as other passions especially vanitie and pride I remember I have heard many great Preachers and Doctors yea even Prelates of especiall learning and examplary life in the Romish Church apply to them in their Sermons the words spoken by our Saviour of the Pharisees and Scribes Mark 12.38 Mar. 12.38 Beware of the Scribes who love to goe in long cloathing and love salutations in the Market places and the chiefest seats in the Synagogues and the uppermost Roomes at feasts which devoure widdowes houses and for a pretence make long prayers those shall receive greater Damnation And many among them did confesse the application was good enough for the most part and they seemed to suffer it as persecution for Justice notwithstanding under-hand they left nothing unassayed whereby to be revenged and hinder them to preach any longer for feare they should reveale other things and discover more of their mysteries For my part it is not my designe here or desire to speake any thing either of particular persons or Congregations although it may well be beleeved that if I would open my mouth or move my pen I know many singularities concerning the disorders which have been committed and which are committed there every day to shame many but as I pretend nothing but the weale and conversion of soules not their confusion I desire rather to bury all in silence than discover any thing I will say no more of it except some froward and impertinent spirit as there are diverse will tax me of lying and imposture in this Discourse and give me occasion to explaine my selfe more cleerly and produce more evident examples and proofes to justifie my selfe of this crime and so constraine my nature and
the day long or at games and pastimes which are publiquely suffered and commonly frequented more freely on the Sabbaths which God from his owne mouth hath commanded to be sanctified than on a holiday of their devotion which is onely commanded by the Pope And what can be said here but that it is to make void the commandment of God for a humane invention and tradition and account more of the commandments and precepts of men than of the commandments of God Oh happie are the people which have the Lord onely for their God by whose Word they strive to be ruled and directed in every thing and which solemnise the whole Sabbath with all the respect and devotion they are able Which I seeing so faithfully observed in this Kingdom of England and besides that the Service of God was so reverently celebrated the Churches so much frequented of all Noble and ignoble rich and poore I confesse I often thanked and do thank my God for having delivered me out of the captivitie of Aegypt and from that Idolatrous people among whom I lived imployed in gathering of straws and in unprofitable works for having I say delivered me with a strong hand in despight of all the enterprises and power of the enemies of the truth for having brought me through the seas confounding and drowning therein all the industrie and pursuing of mine enemies and bringing me to this Land flowing with the milk and honey of heavenly and earthly blessings to this Countrey of Sion and this Jerusalem and place of peace whereas the Gospel is preached in greater puritie so the Service of God is celebrated with greater perfection and reverence than in any Kingdom of the world and is likely yet to be better by the care and zeal of this thrice worthie Senate It is true that as the bodies are composed of divers members and of different qualities and conditions so all they which are of the reformed Church are not Saints and there are some vices to be found in many and doubtlesse but too many and if I dare not say few yet I may say truly not neer so many as in the Romish Church as well in that which concerneth the service of God as in that which concerneth the policie both of Ecclesiasticall and Civill for it hath often been observed and I have seen it with my eyes the famous Cities yea and States governed by those of the reformed Churches did live in good order and policie which after being falne into the hands of Popish governors commonly greater friends of their particular profit than of the glory of their Princes and the publique peace and good have in a short time lost their felicitie and prosperitie and changed their good policie into confusion and disorder this truth is known to many more than to me And if one will but look upon this Noble Kingdom and all the States especially which enjoy peace under Princes and Governors of the Reformed Religion and likewise on the States which are governed by those of the Romish Church especially on those which are under the dominion of the Bishop of Rome and over whom he domineereth with greatest authoritie there is no man who will not see the great difference and they who have been in Italy and have any knowledge of the government of the Popes territories know sufficiently what comparison there is betwixt the policie of the one with the other Ye shall know saith Christ the tree by its fruits Mat. 7.20 and they who produce such fruits of confusion and disorder ought not in my opinion nor cannot be thought good trees and as trees bring forth good or bad fruits according to the proportion of sap which they draw from the earth which giveth them both life and action so must we beleeve that the government of people followeth commonly the doctrine and beleefe which animateth them and where we see those disorders that it is not the spirit and doctrine of truth which governeth them for Justice Order and Peace are his inseparable companions but rather the spirit of errour which being a friend of disorder produceth nothing but the like fruits and effects and every where bringeth confusion And if it happen that any States leaving the beleefe of the Romish Church embrace the Reformed you see incontinent their government totally altred their policie to be changed to the better and all things established in better order and as States and Provinces following this doctrine of the infallible truth are kept and maintained in better order and policie so ordinarily also do they flourish in greater lustre and glory in greater wealth and prosperitie And I may say likewise that the Princes even of that beleef have seldome found more faithfull and affectionate subjects and servants than those of the Reformed Religion both in peace and war and howsoever they have sometimes suffered oppressions neverthelesse the murthers and infamous attempts and perfidious treasons against the State or the persons of their Lords have been little found amongst their practises But they have often shewed they had rather suffer persecutions with patience than abandon themselves to infamous actions unworthie of the honour and doctrine of Christians Those States also who are not so fast bound and tied to the interests of the Pope having no cause to complain nor distrust their practises and even seeing much publique good to follow upon their managing and good and wise governing besides that they often imploy many of them in important occasions and of very great trust they gratifie them yet so much as to suffer them judging themselves in safety and security with them not mistrusting they can receive any hurt from them because those Churches having the Law and Word of God for rule of their faith they have it also for square of their life endeavouring to conform their actions thereunto and commit nothing which may derogate from the condition of the faithfull which I write more willingly as knowing it even from the confession of their greatest enemies Deut. 33.31 so as we may say that of the Cantique inimici nostri sunt judices Our enemies are Judges of it and I my selfe have heard it oftentimes from the most judicious of the Romish Church And if the Romanists would carry themselves with so great modestie and fidelity towards the Princes and States under which they desire to live they should receive questionlesse the same kindnesse and gratification but as their doctrine is much different so are often the effects not but amongst them there are found many noble and generous minds lovers of tranquillitie and peace and of the glory and prosperitie of the States in which they remain But because the Bishop of Rome who is never content with his own but is insatiable of wealth as be all his Clergie keepeth continually a congregation of Cardinals of purpose by him which borrow the name and pretext De propaganda fide for increasing the faith but indeed hearkneth to nothing more