not_o to_o no_o more_o than_o i_o will_v argue_v with_o pure_a nothing_o or_o endeavour_v to_o convince_v nonentity_n that_o it_o be_v something_o if_o any_o one_o pretend_v to_o be_v so_o sceptical_a as_o to_o deny_v his_o own_o existence_n for_o real_o to_o doubt_v of_o it_o be_v manifest_o impossible_a let_v he_o for_o i_o enjoy_v his_o belove_a happiness_n of_o be_v nothing_o until_o hunger_n or_o some_o other_o pain_n convince_v he_o of_o the_o contrary_n this_o then_o i_o think_v i_o may_v take_v for_o a_o truth_n which_o every_a one_o certain_a knowledge_n assure_v he_o of_o beyond_o the_o liberty_n of_o doubt_v viz._n that_o he_o be_v something_o that_o actual_o exist_v §_o 3._o in_o the_o next_o place_n man_n know_v by_o a_o intuitive_a certainty_n that_o bear_v nothing_o can_v no_o more_o produce_v any_o real_a be_v than_o it_o can_v be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a angle_n if_o a_o man_n know_v not_o that_o nonentity_n or_o the_o absence_n of_o all_o be_v can_v be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a angle_n it_o be_v impossible_a he_o shall_v know_v any_o demonstration_n in_o euclid_n if_o therefore_o we_o know_v there_o be_v some_o real_a be_v and_o that_o nonentity_n can_v produce_v any_o real_a be_v it_o be_v a_o evident_a demonstration_n that_o from_o eternity_n there_o have_v be_v something_o since_o what_o be_v not_o from_o eternity_n have_v a_o beginning_n and_o what_o have_v a_o beginning_n must_v be_v produce_v by_o something_o else_o §_o 4._o next_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o what_o have_v its_o be_v and_o begin_v from_o another_o must_v also_o have_v all_o that_o which_o be_v in_o and_o belong_v to_o its_o be_v from_o another_o too_o all_o the_o power_n it_o have_v must_v be_v owe_v to_o and_o receive_v from_o the_o same_o source_n this_o eternal_a source_n then_o of_o all_o be_v must_v also_o be_v the_o source_n and_o original_a of_o all_o power_n and_o so_o this_o eternal_a be_v must_v be_v also_o the_o most_o powerful_a §_o 5._o again_o a_o man_n find_v in_o himself_o perception_n and_o knowledge_n we_o have_v then_o get_v one_o step_n far_o and_o we_o be_v certain_a now_o that_o there_o be_v not_o only_o some_o be_v but_o some_o know_a intelligent_a be_v in_o the_o world_n there_o be_v a_o time_n then_o when_o there_o be_v no_o know_v be_v and_o when_o knowledge_n begin_v to_o be_v or_o else_o there_o have_v be_v also_o a_o know_v be_v from_o eternity_n if_o it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o no_o be_v have_v any_o knowledge_n when_o that_o eternal_a be_v be_v void_a of_o all_o understanding_n i_o reply_v that_o then_o it_o be_v impossible_a there_o shall_v ever_o have_v be_v any_o knowledge_n it_o be_v as_o impossible_a that_o thing_n whole_o void_a of_o knowledge_n and_o operate_a blind_o and_o without_o any_o perception_n shall_v produce_v a_o know_a be_v as_o it_o be_v impossile_a that_o a_o triangle_n shall_v make_v itself_o three_o angle_n big_a than_o two_o right_a one_o for_o it_o be_v as_o repugnant_a to_o 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of_o any_o thing_n our_o sense_n have_v not_o immediate_o discover_v to_o we_o nay_o i_o presume_v i_o may_v say_v that_o we_o more_o certanly_a know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n than_o that_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n else_o without_o we_o when_o i_o say_v we_o know_v i_o mean_v there_o be_v such_o a_o knowledge_n within_o our_o reach_n which_o we_o can_v miss_v if_o we_o will_v but_o apply_v our_o mind_n to_o that_o as_o we_o do_v to_o several_a other_o inquiry_n §_o 7._o how_o far_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o most_o perfect_a be_v which_o a_o man_n may_v frame_v in_o his_o mind_n do_v or_o do_v not_o prove_v the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n i_o will_v not_o here_o examine_v for_o in_o the_o different_a make_n of_o man_n temper_n and_o application_n of_o their_o thought_n some_o argument_n prevail_v more_o on_o one_o and_o some_o on_o another_o for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o same_o truth_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v this_o i_o may_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o ill_a way_n of_o establish_v this_o truth_n and_o silence_v atheist_n to_o lay_v the_o whole_a stress_n of_o so_o important_a a_o point_n as_o this_o upon_o that_o sole_a foundation_n and_o take_v some_o man_n have_v that_o idea_n of_o god_n in_o their_o mind_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a some_o man_n have_v none_o and_o some_o worse_a than_o none_o and_o the_o most_o very_a different_a for_o the_o only_a proof_n of_o a_o deity_n and_o out_o of_o a_o over_o fondness_n of_o that_o darling_n invention_n cashier_v or_o at_o least_o endeavour_n to_o invalidate_v all_o other_o argument_n and_o forbid_v we_o to_o hearken_v to_o those_o proof_n as_o be_v weak_a or_o fallacious_a which_o our_o own_o existence_n and_o the_o sensible_a part_n of_o the_o universe_n offer_v so_o clear_o and_o cogent_o to_o our_o thought_n that_o i_o deem_v it_o impossible_a for_o a_o consider_a man_n to_o withstand_v they_o for_o i_o judge_v it_o as_o certain_a and_o clear_v a_o truth_n as_o can_v any_o where_o be_v deliver_v that_o the_o invisible_a thing_n of_o god_n be_v clear_o see_v from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n be_v understand_v by_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v make_v even_o his_o eternal_a power_n and_o godhead_n though_o our_o own_o be_v furnish_v we_o as_o i_o have_v show_v with_o a_o evident_a and_o incontestable_a proof_n of_o a_o deity_n and_o i_o believe_v no_o body_n can_v avoid_v the_o cogency_n of_o it_o who_o will_v but_o as_o careful_o attend_v to_o it_o as_o to_o any_o other_o demonstration_n of_o so_o many_o part_n yet_o this_o be_v so_o fundamental_a a_o truth_n and_o of_o that_o consequence_n that_o all_o religion_n and_o genuine_a morality_n depend_v thereon_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o i_o shall_v be_v forgive_v by_o my_o reader_n if_o i_o go_v over_o some_o part_n of_o this_o argument_n again_o and_o enlarge_v a_o little_a more_o upon_o they_o §_o 8._o there_o be_v no_o truth_n more_o evident_a than_o that_o something_o must_v be_v from_o eternity_n i_o never_o yet_o hear_v of_o any_o one_o so_o unreasonable_a or_o that_o can_v suppose_v so_o manifest_a a_o contradiction_n as_o a_o time_n wherein_o there_o be_v perfect_o nothing_o this_o be_v of_o all_o absurdity_n the_o great_a to_o imagine_v that_o pure_a nothing_o the_o perfect_a negation_n and_o absence_n of_o all_o being_n shall_v ever_o produce_v any_o real_a existence_n it_o be_v then_o unavoidable_a for_o all_o rational_a creature_n to_o conclude_v that_o something_o have_v exi_v from_o eternity_n let_v we_o next_o see_v what_o kind_n of_o thing_n that_o must_v be_v §_o 9_o there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o being_n in_o the_o world_n that_o man_n know_v or_o conceive_v first_o such_o as_o be_v pure_o material_a without_o sense_n perception_n or_o thought_n as_o the_o clipping_n of_o our_o beard_n and_o pare_n of_o our_o nail_n second_o sensible_a think_v perceive_v being_n such_o as_o we_o find_v ourselves_o to_o be_v which_o if_o you_o please_v we_o will_v hereafter_o call_v cogitative_a and_o incogitative_a being_n which_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n if_o for_o nothing_o else_o be_v perhaps_o better_a term_n than_o material_a and_o immaterial_a §_o 10._o if_o then_o there_o must_v be_v something_o eternal_a let_v we_o see_v what_o sort_n of_o be_v it_o must_v be_v and_o to_o that_o it_o be_v very_o obvious_a to_o reason_n that_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v a_o cogitative_a be_v for_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a to_o conceive_v that_o ever_o bare_a incogitative_a matter_n shall_v produce_v a_o think_v intelligent_a be_v as_o that_o nothing_o shall_v of_o itself_o produce_v matter_n let_v we_o suppose_v any_o part_n of_o matter_n eternal_a great_a or_o small_a we_o shall_v find_v it_o in_o itself_o able_a to_o produce_v
i_o be_v in_o one_o which_o i_o leave_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o those_o who_o with_o i_o dispose_v themselves_o to_o embrace_v truth_n wherever_o they_o find_v it_o §_o 2._o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o common_o take_v for_o grant_v than_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a principle_n both_o speculative_a and_o practical_a for_o they_o speak_v of_o both_o universal_o agree_v upon_o by_o all_o mankind_n which_o therefore_o they_o argue_v must_v needs_o be_v the_o constant_a impression_n which_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n receive_v in_o their_o first_o being_n and_o which_o they_o bring_v into_o the_o world_n with_o they_o as_o necessary_o and_o real_o as_o they_o do_v any_o of_o their_o inherent_a faculty_n §_o 3._o this_o argument_n draw_v from_o universal_a consent_n have_v this_o misfortune_n in_o it_o that_o if_o it_o be_v true_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o there_o be_v certain_a truth_n wherein_o all_o mankind_n agree_v it_o will_v not_o prove_v they_o innate_a if_o there_o can_v be_v any_o other_o way_n show_v how_o man_n may_v come_v to_o that_o universal_a agreement_n in_o the_o thing_n they_o do_v consent_n in_o which_o i_o presume_v may_v be_v do_v §_o 4._o but_o which_o be_v worse_o this_o argument_n of_o universal_a consent_n which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o prove_v innate_a principle_n seem_v to_o i_o a_o demonstration_n that_o there_o be_v none_o such_o because_o there_o be_v none_o to_o which_o all_o mankind_n give_v a_o universal_a assent_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o speculative_a and_o instance_n in_o those_o magnify_a principle_n of_o demonstration_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v which_o of_o all_o other_o i_o think_v have_v the_o most_o allow_v title_n to_o innate_a these_o have_v so_o settle_v a_o reputation_n of_o maxim_n universal_o receive_v that_o it_o will_v no_o doubt_n be_v think_v strange_a if_o any_o one_o shall_v seem_v to_o question_v it_o but_o yet_o i_o take_v liberty_n to_o say_v that_o these_o proposition_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o universal_a assent_n that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n to_o who_o they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o know_v §_o 5._o for_o first_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o child_n and_o idiot_n have_v not_o the_o least_o apprehension_n or_o thought_n of_o they_o and_o the_o want_n of_o that_o be_v enough_o to_o destroy_v that_o universal_a assent_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o necessary_a concomitant_a of_o all_o innate_a truth_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o near_o a_o contradiction_n to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v truth_n imprint_v on_o the_o soul_n which_o it_o perceive_v or_o understand_v not_o imprint_v if_o it_o signify_v any_o thing_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o make_v certain_a truth_n to_o be_v perceive_v for_o to_o imprint_v any_o thing_n on_o the_o mind_n without_o the_o mind_n be_v perceive_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o hardly_o intelligible_a if_o therefore_o child_n and_o idiot_n have_v soul_n have_v mind_n with_o those_o impression_n upon_o they_o they_o must_v unavoidable_o perceive_v they_o and_o necessary_o know_v and_o assent_v to_o these_o truth_n which_o since_o they_o do_v not_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o impression_n for_o if_o they_o be_v not_o notion_n natural_o imprint_v how_o can_v they_o be_v innate_a and_o if_o they_o be_v notion_n imprint_v how_o can_v they_o be_v unknown_a to_o say_v a_o notion_n be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o say_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o and_o never_o yet_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o be_v to_o make_v this_o impression_n nothing_o no_o proposition_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n which_o it_o never_o yet_o know_v which_o it_o be_v never_o yet_o conscious_a of_o for_o if_o any_o one_o may_n then_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o proposition_n that_o be_v true_a and_o the_o mind_n be_v capable_a ever_o of_o assent_v to_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o to_o be_v imprint_v since_o if_o any_o one_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n which_o it_o never_o yet_o know_v it_o must_v be_v only_o because_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o know_v it_o and_o so_o the_o mind_n be_v of_o all_o truth_n it_o ever_o shall_v know_v nay_o thus_o truth_n may_v be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n which_o it_o never_o do_v nor_o ever_o shall_v know_v for_o a_o man_n may_v live_v long_o and_o die_v at_o last_o in_o ignorance_n of_o many_o truth_n which_o his_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o know_v and_o that_o with_o certainty_n so_o that_o if_o the_o capacity_n of_o know_v be_v the_o natural_a impression_n contend_v for_o all_o the_o truth_n a_o man_n ever_o come_v to_o know_v will_n by_o this_o account_n be_v every_o one_o of_o they_o innate_a and_o this_o great_a point_n will_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o only_o to_o a_o very_a improper_a way_n of_o speak_v which_o whilst_o it_o pretend_v to_o assert_v the_o contrary_a say_v nothing_o different_a from_o those_o who_o deny_v innate_a principle_n for_o no_o body_n i_o think_v ever_o deny_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o know_v several_a truth_n the_o capacity_n they_o say_v be_v innate_a the_o knowledge_n acquire_v but_o then_o to_o what_o end_n such_o contest_v for_o certain_a innate_a maxim_n if_o truth_n can_v be_v imprint_v on_o the_o understanding_n without_o be_v perceive_v i_o can_v see_v no_o difference_n there_o can_v be_v between_o any_o truth_n the_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o know_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o original_a they_o must_v all_o be_v innate_a or_o all_o adventitious_a in_o vain_a shall_v a_o man_n go_v about_o to_o distinguish_v they_o he_o therefore_o that_o talk_v of_o innate_a notion_n in_o the_o understanding_n can_v if_o he_o intend_v thereby_o any_o distinct_a sort_n of_o truth_n mean_v such_o truth_n to_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n as_o it_o never_o perceive_v and_o be_v yet_o full_o ignorant_a of_o for_o if_o these_o word_n to_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n have_v any_o propriety_n they_o signify_v to_o be_v understand_v so_o that_o to_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n and_o not_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o never_o to_o be_v perceive_v be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v any_o thing_n be_v and_o be_v not_o in_o the_o mind_n or_o understanding_n if_o therefore_o these_o two_o proposition_n whatsoever_o be_v be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v be_v by_o nature_n imprint_v child_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o infant_n and_o all_o that_o have_v soul_n must_v necessary_o have_v they_o in_o their_o understanding_n know_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o and_o assent_v to_o it_o §_o 6._o to_o avoid_v this_o it_o be_v usual_o answer_v that_o all_o man_n know_v and_o assent_v to_o they_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n and_o this_o be_v enough_o to_o prove_v they_o innate_a i_o answer_v §_o 7._o doubtful_a expression_n that_o have_v scarce_o any_o signification_n go_v for_o clear_a reason_n to_o those_o who_o be_v prepossess_v take_v not_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v even_o what_o they_o themselves_o say_v for_o to_o apply_v this_o answer_n with_o any_o tolerable_a sense_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n it_o must_v signify_v one_o of_o these_o two_o thing_n either_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o man_n come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n these_o suppose_a native_a inscription_n come_v to_o be_v know_v and_o observe_v by_o they_o or_o else_o that_o the_o use_v and_o exercise_n of_o man_n reason_n assist_v they_o in_o the_o discovery_n of_o these_o principle_n and_o certain_o make_v they_o know_v to_o they_o §_o 8._o if_o they_o mean_v that_o by_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n man_n may_v discover_v these_o principle_n and_o that_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v they_o innate_a their_o way_n of_o argue_v will_v stand_v thus_o viz._n that_o whatever_o truth_n reason_n can_v certain_o discover_v to_o we_o and_o make_v we_o firm_o assent_v to_o those_o be_v all_o natural_o imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n since_o that_o universal_a assent_n which_o be_v make_v the_o mark_n of_o they_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o by_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n we_o be_v capable_a to_o come_v to_o a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o and_o assent_v to_o they_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v there_o will_v be_v no_o difference_n between_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o mathematician_n and_o theorem_n they_o deduce_v from_o they_o all_o must_v be_v equal_o allow_v innate_a they_o be_v all_o discovery_n make_v by_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n and_o truth_n that_o a_o rational_a creature_n may_v certain_o come_v to_o know_v if_o he_o
they_o no_o more_o than_o their_o name_n but_o get_v afterward_o so_o that_o in_o all_o proposition_n that_o be_v assent_v to_o at_o first_o hear_v the_o term_n of_o the_o proposition_n their_o stand_n for_o such_o idea_n and_o the_o idea_n themselves_o that_o they_o stand_v for_o be_v neither_o of_o they_o innate_a i_o will_v fain_o know_v what_o there_o be_v remain_v in_o such_o proposition_n that_o be_v innate_a for_o i_o will_v glad_o have_v any_o one_o name_n that_o proposition_n who_o term_n or_o idea_n be_v either_o of_o they_o innate_a we_o by_o degree_n get_v idea_n and_o name_n and_o learn_v their_o appropriate_v connection_n one_o with_o another_o and_o then_o to_o proposition_n make_v in_o such_o term_n who_o signification_n we_o have_v learn_v and_o wherein_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n we_o can_v perceive_v in_o our_o idea_n when_o put_v together_o be_v express_v we_o at_o first_o hear_v assent_n though_o to_o other_o proposition_n in_o themselves_o as_o certain_a and_o evident_a but_o which_o be_v concern_v idea_n not_o so_o soon_o nor_o easy_o get_v we_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n no_o way_n capable_a of_o assent_v for_o though_o a_o child_n quick_o assent_v to_o this_o proposition_n that_o a_o apple_n be_v not_o fire_n when_o by_o familiar_a acquaintance_n he_o have_v get_v the_o idea_n of_o those_o two_o different_a thing_n distinct_o imprint_v on_o his_o mind_n and_o have_v learn_v that_o the_o name_n apple_n and_o fire_n stand_v for_o they_o yet_o it_o will_v be_v some_o year_n after_o perhaps_o before_o the_o same_o child_n will_v assent_v to_o this_o proposition_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v because_o that_o though_o perhaps_o the_o word_n be_v as_o easy_a to_o be_v learn_v yet_o the_o signification_n of_o they_o be_v more_o large_a comprehensive_a and_o abstract_n than_o of_o the_o name_n annex_v to_o those_o sensible_a thing_n the_o child_n have_v to_o do_v with_o it_o be_v long_o before_o he_o learn_v their_o precise_a meaning_n and_o it_o require_v more_o time_n plain_o to_o form_v in_o his_o mind_n those_o general_a idea_n they_o stand_v for_o till_o that_o be_v do_v you_o will_v in_o vain_a endeavour_n to_o make_v any_o child_n assent_n to_o a_o proposition_n make_v up_o of_o such_o general_a term_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o have_v get_v those_o idea_n and_o learn_v their_o name_n he_o forward_o close_v with_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o of_o the_o forementioned_a proposition_n and_o with_o both_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n viz._n because_o he_o find_v the_o idea_n he_o have_v in_o his_o mind_n to_o agree_v or_o disagree_v according_a as_o the_o word_n stand_v for_o they_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v one_o of_o another_o in_o the_o proposition_n but_o if_o proposition_n be_v bring_v to_o he_o in_o word_n which_o stand_v for_o idea_n he_o have_v not_o yet_o in_o his_o mind_n to_o such_o proposition_n however_o evident_o true_a or_o false_a in_o themselves_o he_o afford_v neither_o assent_n nor_o dissent_n but_o be_v ignorant_a for_o word_n be_v but_o empty_a sound_n any_o far_a than_o they_o be_v sign_n of_o our_o idea_n we_o can_v but_o assent_v to_o they_o as_o they_o correspond_v to_o those_o idea_n we_o have_v but_o no_o far_o than_o that_o but_o the_o show_v by_o what_o step_v and_o way_n knowledge_n come_v into_o our_o mind_n and_o the_o ground_n of_o several_a degree_n of_o assent_n be_v the_o business_n of_o the_o follow_a discourse_n it_o may_v suffice_v to_o have_v only_o touch_v on_o it_o here_o as_o one_o reason_n that_o make_v i_o doubt_v of_o those_o innate_a principle_n §_o 24._o to_o conclude_v this_o argument_n of_o universal_a consent_n i_o agree_v with_o these_o defender_n of_o innate_a principle_n that_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a they_o must_v needs_o have_v universal_a assent_n for_o that_o a_o truth_n shall_v be_v innate_a and_o yet_o not_o assent_v to_o be_v to_o i_o as_o unintelligible_a as_o for_o a_o man_n to_o know_v a_o truth_n and_o be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o then_o by_o these_o man_n own_o confession_n they_o can_v be_v innate_a since_o they_o be_v not_o assent_v to_o by_o those_o who_o understand_v not_o the_o term_n nor_o by_o a_o great_a part_n of_o those_o who_o do_v understand_v they_o but_o have_v yet_o never_o hear_v nor_o think_v of_o those_o proposition_n which_o i_o think_v be_v at_o least_o one_o half_a of_o mankind_n but_o be_v the_o number_n far_o less_o it_o will_v be_v enough_o to_o destroy_v universal_a assent_n and_o thereby_o show_v these_o proposition_n not_o to_o be_v innate_a if_o child_n alone_o be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o §_o 25._o but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o be_v accuse_v to_o argue_v from_o the_o thought_n of_o infant_n which_o be_v unknown_a to_o we_o and_o to_o conclude_v from_o what_o pass_v in_o their_o understanding_n before_o they_o express_v it_o i_o say_v next_o that_o these_o two_o general_a proposition_n be_v not_o the_o truth_n that_o first_o possess_v the_o mind_n of_o child_n nor_o be_v antecedent_n to_o all_o acquire_v and_o adventitious_a notion_n which_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a they_o must_v needs_o be_v whether_o we_o can_v determine_v it_o or_o no_o it_o matter_n not_o there_o be_v certain_o a_o time_n when_o child_n begin_v to_o think_v and_o their_o word_n and_o action_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o they_o do_v so_o when_o therefore_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o thought_n of_o knowledge_n of_o assent_n can_v it_o rational_o be_v suppose_v they_o can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o those_o notion_n that_o nature_n have_v imprint_v be_v there_o any_o such_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v with_o any_o appearance_n of_o reason_n that_o they_o perceive_v the_o impression_n from_o thing_n without_o and_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n ignorant_a of_o those_o character_n which_o nature_n itself_o have_v take_v care_n to_o stamp_v within_o can_v they_o receive_v and_o assent_v to_o adventitious_a notion_n and_o be_v ignorant_a of_o those_o which_o be_v suppose_v weave_v into_o the_o very_a principle_n of_o their_o be_v and_o imprint_v there_o in_o indelible_a character_n to_o be_v the_o foundation_n and_o guide_v of_o all_o their_o acquire_v knowledge_n and_o future_a reason_n this_o will_v be_v to_o make_v nature_n take_v pain_n to_o no_o purpose_n or_o at_o least_o to_o write_v very_o ill_a since_o its_o character_n can_v not_o be_v read_v by_o those_o eye_n which_o see_v other_o thing_n very_o well_o and_o those_o be_v very_o ill_o suppose_v the_o clear_a part_n of_o truth_n and_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n which_o be_v not_o first_o know_v and_o without_o which_o the_o undoubted_a knowledge_n of_o several_a other_o thing_n may_v be_v have_v the_o child_n certain_o know_v that_o the_o nurse_n that_o feed_v it_o be_v neither_o the_o cat_n it_o play_v with_o nor_o the_o blackmoor_n it_o be_v afraid_a of_o that_o the_o wormseed_n or_o mustard_n it_o refuse_v be_v not_o the_o apple_n or_o sugar_n it_o cry_v for_o this_o it_o be_v certain_o and_o undoubted_o assure_v of_o but_o will_v any_o one_o say_v it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o principle_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v that_o it_o so_o firm_o assent_v to_o these_o and_o other_o part_n of_o its_o knowledge_n or_o that_o the_o child_n have_v any_o notion_n or_o apprehension_n of_o that_o proposition_n at_o a_o age_n wherein_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a it_o know_v a_o great_a many_o other_o truth_n he_o that_o will_v say_v child_n join_v these_o general_a abstract_n speculation_n with_o their_o suck_a bottle_n and_o their_o rattle_n may_v perhaps_o with_o justice_n be_v think_v to_o have_v more_o passion_n and_o zeal_n for_o his_o opinion_n but_o less_o sincerity_n and_o truth_n than_o one_o of_o that_o age._n §_o 26._o though_o therefore_o there_o be_v several_a general_a proposition_n that_o meet_v with_o constant_a and_o ready_a assent_n as_o soon_o as_o propose_v to_o man_n grow_v up_o who_o have_v attain_v the_o use_n of_o more_o general_a and_o abstract_a idea_n and_o name_n stand_v for_o they_o yet_o they_o not_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o those_o of_o tender_a year_n who_o nevertheless_o know_v other_o thing_n they_o can_v pretend_v to_o universal_a assent_n of_o intelligent_a person_n and_o so_o by_o no_o mean_n can_v be_v suppose_v innate_a it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o truth_n which_o be_v innate_a if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o shall_v be_v unknown_a at_o least_o to_o any_o one_o who_o know_v any_o thing_n else_o since_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a truth_n they_o must_v be_v innate_a thought_n there_o be_v nothing_o a_o truth_n in_o the_o mind_n that_o it_o have_v never_o
themselves_o do_v this_o one_o among_o another_o but_o it_o be_v without_o receive_v these_o as_o the_o innate_a law_n of_o nature_n they_o practise_v they_o as_o rule_n of_o convenience_n within_o their_o own_o community_n but_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o conceive_v that_o he_o embrace_v justice_n as_o a_o practical_a principle_n who_o act_v fair_o with_o his_o fellow-high-way-man_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n plunder_v or_o kill_v the_o next_o honest_a man_n he_o meet_v with_o justice_n and_o truth_n be_v the_o common_a tie_n of_o society_n and_o therefore_o even_o outlaw_n and_o villain_n who_o break_v with_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o must_v keep_v faith_n and_o rule_n of_o equity_n among_o themselves_o or_o else_o they_o can_v hold_v together_o but_o will_v any_o one_o say_v that_o those_o that_o live_v by_o fraud_n and_o rapine_n have_v innate_a principle_n of_o truth_n and_o justice_n which_o they_o allow_v and_o assent_v to_o §_o 3._o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v urge_v that_o the_o tacit_n assent_v of_o their_o mind_n agree_v to_o what_o their_o practice_n contradict_v i_o answer_v first_o i_o have_v always_o think_v the_o action_n of_o man_n the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o their_o thought_n but_o since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o most_o man_n practice_n and_o some_o man_n open_a profession_n have_v either_o question_v or_o deny_v these_o principle_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o establish_v a_o universal_a consent_n though_o we_o shall_v look_v for_o it_o only_o among_o grow_v man_n without_o which_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o conclude_v they_o innate_a second_o it_o be_v very_o strange_a and_o unreasonable_a to_o suppose_v innate_a practical_a principle_n that_o terminate_v only_o in_o contemplation_n practical_a principle_n derive_v from_o nature_n be_v there_o for_o operation_n and_o must_v produce_v conformity_n of_o action_n not_o bare_o speculative_a assent_n to_o their_o truth_n or_o else_o they_o be_v in_o vain_a destinguish_v from_o speculative_a maxim_n nature_n i_o confess_v have_v put_v into_o man_n a_o desire_n of_o happiness_n and_o a_o aversion_n to_o misery_n these_o indeed_o be_v innate_a practical_a principle_n which_o as_o practical_a principle_n ought_v do_v continue_v constant_o to_o operate_v and_o influence_n all_o our_o action_n without_o cease_v these_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o all_o person_n and_o all_o age_n steady_a and_o universal_a but_o these_o be_v inclination_n of_o the_o will_n and_o appetite_n not_o impression_n and_o character_n on_o the_o understanding_n i_o deny_v not_o that_o there_o be_v natural_a tendency_n imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n and_o that_o from_o the_o very_a first_o instance_n of_o sense_n and_o perception_n there_o be_v some_o thing_n that_o be_v grateful_a and_o other_o unwelcome_a to_o they_o some_o thing_n that_o they_o incline_v to_o and_o other_o that_o they_o fly_v but_o this_o make_v nothing_o for_o innate_a character_n on_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v to_o be_v the_o principle_n of_o knowledge_n regulate_v our_o practice_n such_o natural_a impression_n on_o the_o understanding_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v confirm_v hereby_o that_o this_o be_v a_o argument_n against_o they_o since_o if_o there_o be_v certain_a character_n imprint_v by_o nature_n on_o the_o understanding_n as_o the_o principle_n of_o knowledge_n we_o can_v not_o but_o perceive_v they_o constant_o operate_v in_o we_o and_o influence_n our_o knowledge_n as_o we_o do_v those_o other_o on_o the_o will_n and_o appetite_n which_o never_o cease_v to_o be_v the_o constant_a spring_n and_o motive_n of_o all_o our_o action_n to_o which_o we_o perpetual_o feel_v they_o strong_o impel_v we_o §_o 4._o another_o reason_n that_o make_v i_o doubt_v of_o any_o innate_a practical_a principle_n be_v that_o i_o think_v there_o can_v any_o one_o moral_a rule_n be_v propose_v whereof_o a_o man_n may_v not_o just_o demand_v a_o reason_n which_o will_v be_v perfect_o ridiculous_a and_o absurd_a if_o they_o be_v innate_a or_o so_o much_o as_o self-evident_a which_o every_o innate_a principle_n must_v needs_o be_v and_o not_o need_v any_o proof_n to_o ascertain_v its_o truth_n nor_o want_v any_o reason_n to_o gain_v it_o approbation_n he_o will_v be_v think_v void_a of_o common_a sense_n who_o ask_v on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o on_o the_o other_o side_n go_v about_o to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v it_o carry_v its_o own_o light_n and_o evidence_n with_o it_o and_o needs_o no_o other_o proof_n he_o that_o understand_v the_o term_n assent_v to_o it_o for_o its_o own_o sake_n or_o else_o nothing_o will_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o prevail_v with_o he_o to_o do_v it_o but_o shall_v that_o most_o unshaken_a rule_n of_o morality_n and_o foundation_n of_o all_o social_a virtue_n that_o one_o shall_v do_v as_o he_o will_v be_v do_v unto_o be_v propose_v to_o one_o who_o never_o hear_v it_o before_o but_o yet_o be_v of_o capacity_n to_o understand_v its_o meaning_n may_v he_o not_o without_o any_o absurdity_n ask_v a_o reason_n why_o and_o be_v not_o he_o that_o propose_v it_o bind_v to_o make_v out_o the_o truth_n and_o reasonableness_n of_o it_o to_o he_o which_o plain_o show_v it_o not_o to_o be_v innate_a for_o if_o it_o be_v it_o can_v neither_o want_v nor_o receive_v any_o proof_n but_o must_v needs_o at_o least_o as_o soon_o as_o hear_v and_o understand_v be_v receive_v and_o assent_v to_o as_o a_o unquestionable_a truth_n which_o a_o man_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n doubt_v of_o so_o that_o the_o truth_n of_o all_o these_o moral_a rule_n plain_o depend_v upon_o some_o other_o antecedent_n to_o they_o and_o from_o which_o they_o must_v be_v deduce_v which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o either_o they_o be_v innate_a or_o so_o much_o as_o self-evident_a §_o 5._o that_o man_n shall_v keep_v their_o compact_n be_v certain_o a_o great_a and_o undeniable_a rule_n in_o morality_n but_o yet_o if_o a_o christian_a who_o have_v the_o view_n of_o happiness_n and_o misery_n in_o another_o life_n be_v ask_v why_o a_o man_n must_v keep_v his_o word_n he_o will_v give_v this_o as_o a_o reason_n because_o god_n who_o have_v the_o power_n oâ—_n eternal_a life_n and_o death_n require_v it_o of_o we_o but_o if_o a_o hobbist_n be_v ask_v why_o he_o will_v answer_v because_o the_o public_a require_v it_o and_o the_o leviathan_n will_v punish_v you_o if_o you_o do_v not_o and_o if_o one_o of_o the_o old_a heathen_a philosopher_n have_v be_v ask_v he_o will_v have_v answer_v because_o it_o be_v dishonest_a below_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o man_n and_o opposite_a to_o virtue_n the_o high_a perfection_n of_o (null)_o nature_n §_o 6._o hence_o natural_o flow_v the_o great_a variety_n of_o opinion_n concern_v moral_a rule_n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o man_n according_a to_o the_o different_a sort_n of_o happiness_n they_o have_v a_o prospect_n of_o or_o propose_v to_o themselves_o which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o practical_a principle_n be_v innate_a and_o imprint_v in_o our_o mind_n immediate_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n i_o grant_v the_o existence_n of_o god_n be_v so_o many_o way_n manifest_a and_o the_o obedience_n we_o owe_v he_o so_o congruous_a to_o the_o light_n of_o reason_n that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n give_v testimony_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o must_v be_v allow_v that_o several_a moral_a rule_n may_v receive_v from_o mankind_n a_o very_a general_a approbation_n without_o either_o know_a or_o admit_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o morality_n which_o can_v only_o be_v the_o law_n of_o a_o god_n who_o see_v man_n in_o the_o dark_a and_o have_v power_n enough_o to_o punish_v the_o proud_a offender_n for_o god_n have_v by_o a_o inseparable_a connection_n join_v virtue_n and_o public_a happiness_n together_o and_o make_v the_o practice_n thereof_o necessary_a to_o the_o preservation_n of_o society_n and_o visible_o beneficial_a to_o all_o with_o who_o the_o virtuous_a man_n have_v to_o do_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o every_o one_o shall_v not_o only_o allow_v but_o recommend_v and_o magnify_v those_o rule_n to_o other_o from_o who_o observance_n of_o they_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o reap_v advantage_n to_o himself_o he_o may_v out_o of_o interest_n as_o well_o as_o conviction_n cry_v up_o that_o for_o sacred_a which_o if_o once_o trample_v on_o and_o profane_v he_o himself_o can_v be_v safe_a nor_o secure_a this_o though_o it_o take_v nothing_o from_o the_o moral_a and_o eternal_a obligation_n which_o these_o rule_n evident_o have_v yet_o it_o show_v that_o the_o outward_a acknowledgement_n man_n pay_v to_o they_o in_o their_o word_n prove_v not_o that_o they_o be_v innate_a principle_n nay_o it_o prove_v not_o so_o much_o as_o that_o man_n assent_v to_o they_o inward_o in_o their_o own_o mind_n
be_v plain_a how_o much_o man_n love_v to_o deceive_v and_o be_v deceive_v since_o the_o great_a art_n of_o deceit_n and_o error_n rhetoric_n i_o mean_v have_v its_o establish_a professor_n be_v public_o teach_v and_o have_v always_o be_v have_v in_o great_a reputation_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v think_v great_a boldness_n if_o not_o brutality_n in_o i_o to_o have_v say_v thus_o much_o against_o it_o eloquence_n like_o the_o fair_a sex_n have_v too_o prevail_a beauty_n in_o it_o to_o suffer_v itself_o ever_o to_o be_v speak_v against_o and_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o find_v fault_n with_o those_o art_n of_o deceive_v wherein_o man_n find_v pleasure_n to_o be_v deceive_v chap._n xi_o of_o the_o remedy_n of_o the_o forego_n imperfection_n and_o abuse_n §_o 1._o the_o natural_a and_o improve_v imperfection_n of_o language_n we_o have_v see_v above_o at_o large_a and_o speech_n be_v the_o great_a bond_n that_o hold_v society_n together_o and_o the_o common_a conduit_n whereby_o the_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n be_v convey_v from_o one_o man_n and_o one_o generation_n to_o another_o it_o will_v well_o deserve_v our_o most_o serious_a thought_n to_o consider_v what_o remedy_n be_v to_o be_v find_v for_o these_o inconvenience_n abovementioned_a §_o 2._o i_o be_o not_o so_o vain_a to_o think_v that_o any_o one_o can_v pretend_v to_o attempt_v the_o perfect_a reform_v the_o language_n of_o the_o world_n no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o that_o of_o his_o own_o country_n without_o render_v himself_o ridiculous_a to_o require_v that_o man_n shall_v use_v their_o word_n all_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n and_o for_o clear_a distinct_a and_o uniform_a idea_n will_v be_v to_o think_v that_o all_o man_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o notion_n and_o shall_v talk_v of_o nothing_o but_o what_o they_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v by_o any_o one_o who_o have_v not_o vanity_n enough_o to_o imagine_v he_o can_v prevail_v with_o man_n to_o be_v very_o know_v or_o very_o silent_a and_o he_o must_v be_v little_a skill_a in_o the_o world_n who_o think_v that_o a_o voluble_a tongue_n shall_v accompany_v only_o a_o good_a understanding_n or_o that_o man_n talk_v much_o or_o little_a shall_v hold_v proportion_n only_o to_o their_o knowledge_n §_o 3._o but_o though_o the_o market_n and_o exchange_n must_v be_v lest_o to_o their_o own_o way_n of_o talk_v and_o gossip_n not_o rob_v of_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n though_o the_o school_n and_o man_n of_o argument_n will_v perhaps_o take_v it_o amiss_o to_o have_v any_o thing_n offer_v to_o abate_v the_o length_n or_o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o their_o dispute_n yet_o methinks_v those_o who_o pretend_v serious_o to_o search_v after_o or_o maintain_v truth_n shall_v think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o study_v how_o they_o may_v deliver_v themselves_o without_o obscurity_n doubtfulness_n or_o equivocation_n to_o which_o man_n word_n be_v natural_o liable_a if_o care_n be_v not_o take_v §_o 4._o for_o he_o that_o shall_v well_o consider_v the_o error_n and_o obscurity_n the_o mistake_v and_o confusion_n that_o be_v spread_v in_o the_o world_n by_o a_o ill_a use_n of_o word_n will_v find_v some_o reason_n to_o doubt_n whether_o language_n as_o it_o have_v be_v employ_v have_v contribute_v more_o to_o the_o improvement_n or_o hindrance_n of_o knowledge_n among_o mankind_n how_o many_o be_v there_o that_o when_o they_o will_v think_v on_o thing_n fix_v their_o thought_n only_o on_o word_n especial_o when_o they_o will_v apply_v their_o mind_n to_o moral_a matter_n and_o who_o then_o can_v wonder_v if_o the_o result_n of_o such_o contemplation_n and_o reason_n about_o little_a more_o than_o sound_v whilst_o the_o idea_n they_o annex_v to_o they_o be_v very_o confuse_v or_o very_o unsteady_a or_o perhaps_o none_o at_o all_o who_o can_v wonder_v i_o say_v that_o such_o thought_n and_o reason_n end_n in_o nothing_o but_o obscurity_n and_o mistake_v without_o any_o clear_a judgement_n or_o knowledge_n §_o 5._o this_o inconvenience_n in_o a_o ill_a use_n of_o word_n man_n suffer_v in_o their_o own_o private_a meditation_n but_o much_o more_o manifest_a be_v the_o disorder_n which_o follow_v from_o it_o in_o conversation_n discourse_n and_o arguing_n with_o other_o for_o language_n be_v the_o great_a conduit_n whereby_o man_n convey_v their_o discovery_n reason_n and_o knowledge_n from_o one_o to_o another_o he_o that_o make_v a_o ill_a use_n of_o it_o though_o he_o do_v not_o corrupt_v the_o fountain_n of_o knowledge_n which_o be_v in_o thing_n themselves_o yet_o he_o do_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v break_v or_o stop_v the_o pipe_n whereby_o it_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o public_a use_n and_o advantage_n of_o mankind_n he_o that_o use_v word_n without_o any_o clear_a and_o steady_a meaning_n what_o do_v he_o but_o lead_v himself_o and_o other_o into_o error_n and_o he_o that_o design_o do_v it_o aught_o to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o enemy_n to_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n and_o yet_o who_o can_v wonder_v that_o all_o the_o science_n and_o part_n of_o knowledge_n have_v be_v so_o overcharge_v with_o obscure_a and_o equivocal_a term_n and_o insignificant_a and_o doubtful_a expression_n capable_a to_o make_v the_o most_o attentive_a or_o quick-sighted_a very_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o the_o more_o know_v or_o orthodox_n since_o subtlety_n in_o those_o who_o make_v profession_n to_o teâ—ch_v or_o defend_v truth_n have_v pass_v so_o much_o for_o a_o virtue_n a_o virtue_n indeed_o which_o consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o nothing_o but_o the_o fallacious_a and_o illusory_a use_n of_o obscure_a or_o deceitful_a term_n be_v only_o fit_a to_o make_v man_n more_o conceit_v in_o their_o ignorance_n and_o obstinate_a in_o their_o error_n §_o 6._o let_v we_o look_v into_o the_o book_n of_o controversy_n of_o any_o kind_n there_o we_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o obscure_a unsteady_a or_o equivocal_a term_n be_v nothing_o but_o noise_n and_o wrangle_n about_o sound_n without_o convince_a or_o better_v a_o man_n understanding_n for_o if_o the_o idea_n be_v not_o agree_v on_o betwixt_o the_o speaker_n and_o hearer_n for_o which_o the_o word_n stand_v the_o argument_n be_v not_o about_o thing_n but_o name_n as_o often_o as_o such_o a_o word_n who_o signification_n be_v not_o ascertain_v betwixt_o they_o come_v in_o use_n their_o understanding_n have_v no_o other_o object_n wherein_o they_o agree_v but_o bare_o the_o sound_n the_o thing_n that_o they_o think_v on_o at_o that_o time_n as_o express_v by_o that_o word_n be_v quite_o different_a §_o 7._o whether_o a_o bat_n be_v a_o bird_n or_o no_o be_v not_o a_o question_n whether_o a_o bat_n be_v another_o thing_n than_o indeed_o it_o be_v or_o have_v other_o quality_n than_o indeed_o it_o have_v for_o that_o will_v be_v extreme_o absurd_a to_o doubt_v of_o but_o the_o question_n be_v 1._o either_o between_o those_o that_o acknowledge_v themselves_o to_o have_v but_o imperfect_a idea_n of_o one_o or_o both_o of_o those_o sort_n of_o thing_n for_o which_o these_o name_n be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v and_o than_o it_o be_v a_o real_a enquiry_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o bird_n or_o a_o bat_n to_o make_v their_o yet_o imperfect_a idea_n of_o it_o more_o complete_a by_o examine_v whether_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n to_o which_o combine_v together_o they_o both_o give_v the_o name_n bird_n be_v all_o to_o be_v find_v in_o a_o bat_n but_o this_o be_v a_o question_n only_o of_o enquirer_n not_o disputer_n who_o neither_o affirm_v nor_o deny_v but_o examine_v or_o 2._o it_o be_v a_o question_n between_o disputant_n whereof_o the_o one_o affirm_v and_o the_o other_o deny_v that_o a_o bat_n be_v a_o bird_n and_o then_o the_o question_n be_v bare_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o one_o or_o both_o these_o word_n in_o that_o they_o not_o have_v both_o the_o same_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o they_o give_v these_o two_o name_n one_o hold_v and_o other_o deny_v that_o these_o two_o name_n may_v be_v affirm_v one_o of_o another_o be_v they_o agree_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o these_o two_o name_n it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v dispute_v about_o they_o for_o they_o will_v present_o and_o clear_o see_v be_v that_o adjust_v between_o they_o whether_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o the_o more_o general_a name_n bird_n be_v find_v in_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o bat_n or_o no_o and_o so_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n whether_o a_o bat_n be_v a_o bird_n or_o no._n and_o here_o i_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v consider_v and_o careful_o examine_v whether_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dispute_n in_o the_o world_n be_v not_o mere_o verbal_a and_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o that_o if_o
it_o may_v be_v go_v over_o more_o than_o once_o without_o any_o danger_n of_o the_o least_o change_n in_o the_o idea_n this_o can_v be_v thus_o do_v in_o moral_a idea_n we_o have_v no_o sensible_a mark_n that_o resemble_v they_o whereby_o we_o can_v set_v they_o down_o we_o have_v nothing_o but_o word_n to_o express_v they_o by_o which_o though_o when_o write_v they_o remain_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o may_v change_v in_o the_o same_o man_n and_o it_o be_v very_o seldom_o that_o they_o be_v not_o different_a in_o different_a person_n second_o another_o thing_n that_o make_v the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o ethic_n be_v that_o moral_a idea_n be_v common_o more_o complex_fw-la than_o those_o of_o the_o figure_n ordinary_o consider_v in_o mathematics_n from_o whence_o these_o two_o inconvenience_n follow_v first_o that_o their_o name_n be_v of_o more_o uncertain_a signification_n the_o precise_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n they_o stand_v for_o not_o be_v so_o easy_o agree_v on_o and_o so_o the_o sign_n that_o be_v use_v for_o they_o in_o communication_n always_o and_o in_o think_v often_o do_v not_o always_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o same_o idea_n upon_o which_o the_o same_o disorder_n confusion_n and_o error_n follow_v as_o will_v if_o a_o man_n go_v to_o demonstrate_v something_o of_o a_o heptagon_n shall_v in_o the_o diagram_n he_o take_v to_o do_v it_o leave_v out_o one_o of_o the_o angle_n and_o by_o oversight_n make_v the_o figure_n with_o one_o angle_n less_o than_o the_o name_n ordinary_o import_v or_o he_o intend_v it_o shall_v when_o at_o first_o he_o think_v of_o his_o demonstration_n this_o often_o happen_v and_o be_v hardly_o avoidable_o in_o very_a complex_fw-la moral_a idea_n where_o the_o same_o name_n be_v retain_v one_o angle_n i._n e._n one_o simple_a idea_n be_v leave_v out_o or_o put_v in_o in_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o still_o call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n more_o at_o one_o time_n than_o another_o second_o from_o the_o complexedness_n of_o these_o moral_a idea_n there_o follow_v another_o inconvenience_n viz._n that_o the_o mind_n can_v easy_o retain_v those_o precise_a combination_n so_o exact_o and_o perfect_o as_o be_v necessary_a in_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o habitude_n and_o correspondency_n agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o several_a of_o they_o one_o with_o another_o especial_o where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v judge_v of_o by_o long_a deduction_n and_o the_o intervention_n of_o several_a other_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o show_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o remote_a one_o the_o great_a help_n against_o this_o which_o mathematician_n find_v in_o diagram_n and_o figure_n which_o remain_v unalterable_a in_o their_o draught_n be_v very_o apparent_a and_o the_o memory_n will_v often_o have_v great_a difficulty_n otherwise_o to_o retain_v they_o so_o exact_o whilst_o the_o mind_n go_v over_o the_o part_n of_o they_o step_z by_z step_z to_o examine_v their_o several_a correspondency_n and_o though_o in_o cast_v up_o a_o long_a sum_n either_o in_o addition_n multiplication_n or_o division_n every_o part_n be_v only_o a_o progression_n of_o the_o mind_n take_v a_o view_n of_o its_o own_o idea_n and_o consider_v their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n and_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o question_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o result_n of_o the_o whole_a make_v up_o of_o such_o paticular_o whereof_o the_o mind_n have_v a_o clear_a perception_n yet_o without_o set_v down_o the_o several_a part_n by_o mark_n who_o precise_a signification_n be_v know_v and_o by_o mark_n that_o last_o and_o remain_v in_o view_n when_o the_o memory_n have_v let_v they_o go_v it_o will_v be_v almost_o impossible_a to_o carry_v so_o many_o different_a idea_n in_o mind_n without_o confound_v or_o let_v slip_n some_o part_n of_o the_o reckon_a and_o thereby_o make_v all_o our_o reason_n about_o it_o useless_a in_o which_o case_n the_o cipher_n or_o mark_n help_v not_o the_o mind_n at_o all_o to_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n of_o any_o two_o or_o more_o number_n their_o equality_n or_o proportion_n that_o the_o mind_n have_v only_o by_o intuition_n of_o its_o own_o idea_n of_o the_o number_n themselves_o but_o the_o numerical_a character_n be_v help_n to_o the_o memory_n to_o record_v and_o retain_v the_o several_a idea_n about_o which_o the_o demonstration_n be_v make_v whereby_o a_o man_n may_v know_v how_o far_o his_o intuitive_a knowledge_n in_o survey_v several_a of_o the_o particular_n have_v proceed_v that_o so_o he_o may_v without_o confusion_n go_v on_o to_o what_o be_v yet_o unknown_a and_o at_o last_o have_v in_o one_o view_n before_o he_o the_o result_n of_o all_o his_o perception_n and_o reason_n §_o 20_o one_o part_n of_o these_o disadvantage_n in_o moral_a idea_n which_o have_v make_v they_o be_v think_v not_o capable_a of_o demonstration_n may_v in_o a_o good_a measure_n be_v remedy_v by_o definition_n set_v down_o that_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n which_o every_o term_n shall_v stand_v for_o and_o then_o use_v the_o term_n stedy_o and_o constant_o for_o that_o precise_a collection_n and_o what_o method_n algebra_n or_o something_o of_o that_o kind_n may_v hereafter_o suggest_v to_o remove_v the_o other_o difficulty_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o foretell_v confident_a i_o be_o that_o if_o man_n will_v in_o the_o same_o method_n and_o with_o the_o same_o indifferency_n search_v after_o moral_a as_o they_o do_v mathematical_a truth_n they_o will_v find_v they_o to_o have_v a_o strong_a connexion_n one_o with_o another_o and_o a_o more_o necessary_a consequence_n from_o our_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n and_o to_o come_v near_a perfect_a demonstration_n than_o be_v common_o imagine_v but_o much_o of_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v whilst_o the_o desire_n of_o esteem_n riches_n or_o power_n make_v man_n espouse_v the_o well_o endow_v opinion_n in_o fashion_n and_o then_o seek_v argument_n 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body_n any_o more_o stick_n at_o than_o at_o that_o maxim_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v that_o white_a be_v not_o black_a that_o a_o square_n be_v not_o a_o circle_n that_o yellowness_n be_v not_o sweetness_n these_o and_o a_o million_o of_o other_o such_o proposition_n as_o many_o at_o least_o as_o we_o have_v distinct_a idea_n every_o man_n in_o his_o wit_n at_o first_o hear_v and_o know_v what_o the_o name_n stand_v for_o must_v necessary_o assent_v to_o if_o then_o these_o man_n will_v be_v true_a to_o their_o own_o rule_n and_o have_v assent_v at_o first_o hear_v and_o understand_v the_o term_n to_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o innate_a they_o must_v allow_v not_o only_o as_o many_o innate_a proposition_n as_o man_n have_v distinct_a idea_n but_o as_o many_o as_o man_n can_v make_v proposition_n wherein_o different_a idea_n be_v deny_v one_o of_o another_o since_o every_o proposition_n wherein_o one_o different_a idea_n be_v 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general_a and_o abstract_a idea_n be_v more_o stranger_n to_o our_o first_o apprehension_n than_o those_o of_o more_o particular_a self-evident_a proposition_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v long_a before_o they_o be_v admit_v and_o assent_v to_o by_o the_o grow_a understanding_n and_o as_o to_o the_o usefulness_n of_o these_o magnify_a maxim_n that_o perhaps_o will_v not_o be_v find_v so_o great_a as_o be_v general_o conceive_v when_o it_o come_v in_o its_o due_a place_n to_o be_v more_o full_o consider_v §_o 21._o but_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o do_v with_o assent_v to_o proposition_n at_o first_o hear_v and_o understand_v their_o term_n it_o be_v fit_a we_o first_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o instead_o of_o be_v a_o mark_n that_o they_o be_v innate_a be_v a_o proof_n of_o the_o contrary_a since_o it_o suppose_v that_o several_a who_o understand_v and_o know_v other_o thing_n be_v ignorant_a of_o these_o principle_n till_o they_o be_v propose_v to_o they_o and_o that_o one_o may_v be_v unacquainted_a with_o these_o truth_n till_o he_o hear_v they_o from_o other_o for_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a what_o need_v they_o be_v propose_v in_o order_n to_o gain_v assent_n when_o by_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n by_o a_o natural_a and_o original_a impression_n if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o they_o can_v not_o but_o be_v know_v before_o or_o do_v the_o propose_v they_o print_v they_o clear_a in_o the_o mind_n than_o nature_n do_v if_o so_o than_o the_o consequence_n will_v be_v that_o a_o man_n know_v they_o better_o after_o he_o have_v be_v thus_o teach_v they_o than_o he_o do_v before_o whence_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o these_o principle_n may_v be_v make_v more_o evident_a to_o we_o by_o other_o teach_n than_o nature_n have_v make_v they_o by_o impression_n which_o will_v ill_o agree_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o innate_a principle_n and_o give_v but_o little_a authority_n to_o they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a make_v they_o unfit_a to_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o other_o knowledge_n as_o they_o be_v pretend_v to_o be_v this_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o man_n grow_v first_o acquaint_v with_o many_o of_o these_o self-evident_a truth_n upon_o their_o be_v propose_v but_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o whosoever_o do_v so_o find_v in_o himself_o that_o he_o than_o begin_v to_o know_v a_o proposition_n which_o he_o know_v not_o before_o and_o which_o from_o thenceforth_o he_o never_o question_n not_o because_o it_o be_v innate_a but_o because_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n contain_v in_o those_o word_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o to_o think_v otherwise_o how_o or_o whensoever_o he_o be_v bring_v to_o reflect_v on_o they_o §_o 22._o if_o it_o be_v say_v the_o understanding_n have_v a_o implicit_a knowledge_n of_o these_o principle_n but_o not_o a_o explicit_a before_o this_o first_o hear_n as_o they_o must_v who_o will_v say_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n before_o they_o be_v know_v it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o conceive_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o a_o principle_n imprint_v on_o the_o understanding_n implicit_o unless_o it_o be_v this_o that_o the_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o understanding_n and_o assent_v firm_o to_o such_o proposition_n and_o thus_o all_o mathematical_a demonstration_n as_o well_o as_o first_o principle_n must_v be_v receive_v as_o native_a impression_n on_o the_o mind_n which_o i_o fear_v they_o will_v scarce_o allow_v they_o to_o be_v who_o find_v it_o hard_a to_o demonstrate_v a_o proposition_n than_o assent_n to_o it_o when_o demonstrate_v and_o few_o mathematician_n will_v be_v forward_o to_o believe_v that_o all_o the_o diagram_n they_o have_v draw_v be_v but_o copy_n of_o those_o innate_a character_n which_o nature_n have_v engrave_v upon_o their_o mind_n §_o 23._o there_o be_v i_o fear_v this_o far_a weakness_n in_o the_o forego_n argument_n which_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o therefore_o those_o maxim_n be_v to_o be_v think_v innate_a which_o man_n admit_v at_o first_o hear_v because_o they_o assent_v to_o proposition_n which_o they_o be_v not_o teach_v nor_o do_v receive_v from_o the_o force_n of_o any_o argument_n or_o demonstration_n but_o a_o bare_a explication_n or_o understanding_n of_o the_o term_n under_o which_o there_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o lie_v this_o fallacy_n that_o man_n and_o suppose_v not_o to_o be_v teach_v nor_o to_o learn_v any_o thing_n de_fw-fr novo_fw-la when_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v teach_v and_o do_v learn_v something_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o before_o for_o first_o it_o be_v evident_a they_o have_v learn_v the_o term_n and_o their_o signification_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v bear_v with_o they_o but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o the_o acquire_v knowledge_n in_o the_o case_n the_o idea_n themselves_o about_o which_o the_o proposition_n be_v be_v not_o bear_v with_o
think_v on_o whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a if_o there_o be_v any_o innate_a truth_n they_o must_v necessary_o be_v the_o first_o of_o any_o thought_n on_o the_o first_o that_o appear_v there_o §_o 27._o that_o the_o general_a maxim_n we_o be_v discourse_v of_o be_v not_o know_v to_o child_n idiot_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n we_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a they_o have_v not_o a_o universal_a assent_n nor_o be_v general_a impression_n but_o there_o be_v this_o far_a argument_n in_o it_o against_o their_o be_v innate_a that_o these_o character_n if_o they_o be_v native_a and_o original_a impression_n shall_v appear_v fair_o and_o clear_a in_o those_o person_n in_o who_o yet_o we_o find_v no_o footstep_n of_o they_o and_o it_o be_v in_o my_o opinion_n a_o strong_a presumption_n that_o they_o be_v not_o innate_a since_o they_o be_v least_o know_v to_o those_o in_o who_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a they_o must_v needs_o exert_v themselves_o with_o most_o force_n and_o vigour_n for_o child_n idiot_n savage_n and_o illiterate_a people_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o least_o corrupt_a by_o custom_n or_o borrow_a opinion_n learning_n and_o education_n have_v not_o cast_v their_o native_a thought_n into_o new_a mould_v nor_o by_o super-inducing_a foreign_a and_o study_a doctrine_n confound_v those_o fair_a character_n nature_n have_v write_v there_o one_o may_v reasonable_o imagine_v that_o in_o their_o mind_n these_o innate_a notion_n shall_v lie_v open_a fair_o to_o every_o one_o view_n as_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o thought_n of_o child_n do_v it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v expect_v that_o these_o principle_n shall_v be_v perfect_o know_v to_o natural_n which_o be_v stamp_v immediate_o on_o the_o soul_n as_o these_o man_n suppose_v can_v have_v no_o dependence_n on_o the_o constitution_n or_o organ_n of_o the_o body_n the_o only_o confess_v difference_n between_o they_o and_o other_o one_o will_v think_v according_a to_o these_o man_n principle_n that_o all_o the_o native_a beam_n of_o light_n be_v there_o any_o such_o shall_v in_o those_o who_o have_v no_o reserve_v no_o art_n of_o concealment_n shine_v out_o in_o their_o full_a lustre_n and_o leave_v we_o in_o no_o more_o doubt_n of_o their_o be_v there_o than_o we_o be_v of_o their_o love_n of_o pleasure_n and_o abhorrence_n of_o pain_n but_o alas_o among_o child_n idiot_n savage_n and_o the_o gross_o illiterate_a what_o general_a maxim_n be_v to_o be_v find_v what_o universal_a principle_n of_o knowledge_n their_o notion_n be_v few_o and_o narrow_a borrow_v only_o from_o those_o object_n they_o have_v have_v most_o to_o do_v with_o and_o which_o have_v make_v upon_o their_o sense_n the_o frequent_a and_o strong_a impression_n a_o child_n know_v his_o nurse_n and_o his_o cradle_n and_o by_o degree_n the_o play-thing_n of_o a_o little_a more_o advance_a age_n and_o a_o young_a savage_n have_v perhaps_o his_o head_n fill_v with_o love_n and_o hunting_n according_a to_o the_o fashion_n of_o his_o tribe_n but_o he_o that_o from_o a_o child_n untaught_a or_o a_o wild_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o wood_n will_v expect_v these_o abstract_n maxim_n or_o the_o principle_n of_o science_n will_v i_o fear_v find_v himself_o mistake_v such_o kind_n of_o general_a proposition_n be_v seldom_o mention_v in_o the_o hut_n of_o indian_n much_o less_o be_v they_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o thought_n of_o child_n or_o any_o impression_n of_o they_o on_o the_o mind_n of_o natural_n they_o be_v the_o discourse_n of_o the_o school_n and_o academy_n of_o learned_a nation_n accustom_v to_o that_o sort_n of_o conversation_n or_o learning_n where_o dispute_n be_v frequent_a these_o maxim_n be_v suit_v to_o artificial_a argumentation_n and_o useful_a for_o conviction_n but_o not_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n or_o advancement_n of_o knowledge_n but_o of_o their_o small_a use_n for_o the_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a l._n 4._o c._n 7._o §_o 28._o i_o know_v not_o how_o absurd_a this_o may_v seem_v to_o the_o master_n of_o demonstration_n and_o probable_o it_o will_v hardly_o down_o with_o any_o body_n at_o first_o hear_v i_o must_v therefore_o beg_v you_o a_o little_a to_o lay_v by_o your_o prejudice_n and_o suspend_v your_o censure_n till_o you_o have_v hear_v i_o out_o in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n be_v very_o willing_a to_o submit_v to_o better_a judgement_n and_o since_o i_o impartial_o search_v after_o truth_n i_o shall_v not_o be_v sorry_a to_o be_v convince_v that_o i_o have_v be_v too_o fond_a of_o my_o own_o notion_n which_o i_o confess_v we_o be_v all_o apt_a to_o be_v when_o application_n and_o study_n have_v warm_v our_o head_n with_o they_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o can_v see_v any_o ground_n to_o think_v these_o two_o fame_a speculative_a maxim_n innate_a since_o they_o be_v not_o universal_o assent_v to_o since_o the_o assent_n they_o so_o general_o find_v be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o several_a proposition_n not_o allow_v to_o be_v innate_a equal_o partake_v in_o with_o they_o and_o since_o the_o assent_n be_v give_v they_o be_v produce_v another_o way_n and_o come_v not_o from_o natural_a inscription_n as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o make_v appear_v in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n and_o if_o these_o first_o principle_n of_o knowledge_n and_o science_n be_v find_v not_o to_o be_v innate_a no_o other_o speculative_a maxim_n can_v i_o suppose_v with_o better_a right_n pretend_v to_o be_v so_o chap._n iii_o no_o innate_a practical_a principle_n §_o 1._o if_o those_o speculative_a maxim_n whereof_o we_o discourse_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n have_v not_o a_o actual_a universal_a assent_n from_o all_o mankind_n as_o we_o there_o prove_v it_o be_v much_o more_o visible_a concern_v practical_a principle_n that_o they_o come_v short_a of_o a_o universal_a reception_n and_o i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o instance_n any_o one_o moral_a rule_n which_o can_v pretend_v to_o so_o general_a and_o ready_a a_o assent_n as_o what_o be_v be_v or_o to_o be_v so_o manifest_a a_o truth_n as_o this_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v whereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o they_o be_v far_o remove_v from_o a_o title_n to_o be_v innate_a and_o the_o doubt_n of_o their_o be_v native_a impression_n on_o the_o mind_n be_v strong_a against_o these_o moral_a principle_n than_o the_o other_o not_o that_o it_o bring_v their_o truth_n at_o all_o in_o question_n they_o be_v equal_o true_a though_o not_o equal_o evident_a those_o speculative_a maxim_n carry_v their_o own_o evidence_n with_o they_o but_o moral_a principle_n require_v reason_v and_o discourse_n and_o some_o exercise_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o discover_v the_o certainty_n of_o their_o truth_n they_o lie_v not_o open_a as_o natural_a character_n engrave_v on_o the_o mind_n which_o if_o any_o such_o be_v they_o must_v needs_o be_v visible_a by_o themselves_o and_o by_o their_o own_o light_n be_v certain_a and_o know_v to_o every_o body_n but_o this_o be_v no_o derogation_n to_o their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n no_o more_o than_o it_o be_v to_o the_o truth_n or_o certainty_n of_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o because_o it_o be_v not_o so_o evident_a as_o the_o whole_a be_v big_a than_o a_o part_n nor_o so_o apt_a to_o be_v assent_v to_o at_o first_o hear_v it_o may_v suffice_v that_o these_o moral_a rule_n be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v our_o own_o fault_n if_o we_o come_v not_o to_o a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o they_o but_o the_o ignorance_n wherein_o many_o man_n be_v of_o they_o and_o the_o slowness_n of_o assent_n wherewith_o other_o receive_v they_o be_v manifest_a proof_n that_o they_o be_v not_o innate_a and_o such_o as_o offer_v themselves_o to_o their_o view_n without_o search_v §_o 2._o whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o moral_a principle_n wherein_o all_o man_n do_v agree_v i_o appeal_v to_o any_o who_o have_v be_v but_o moderate_o conversant_a in_o the_o history_n of_o mankind_n and_o look_v abroad_o beyond_o the_o smoke_n of_o their_o own_o chimney_n where_o be_v that_o practical_a truth_n that_o be_v universal_o receive_v without_o doubt_n or_o question_n as_o it_o must_v be_v if_o innate_a justice_n and_o keep_v of_o contract_n be_v that_o which_o most_o man_n seem_v to_o agree_v in_o this_o be_v a_o principle_n which_o be_v think_v to_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o den_n of_o thief_n and_o the_o troop_n of_o robber_n and_o they_o who_o have_v go_v far_a towards_o the_o put_n off_o of_o humanity_n itself_o keep_v faith_n and_o rule_n of_o justice_n one_o with_o another_o i_o grant_v that_o outlaw_n
secure_v by_o they_o but_o man_n be_v in_o the_o same_o uncertain_a float_a estate_n with_o as_o without_o they_o a_o evident_a indubitable_a knowledge_n of_o unavoidable_a punishment_n great_a enough_o to_o make_v the_o transgression_n very_o uneligible_a must_v accompany_v a_o innate_a law_n unless_o with_o a_o innate_a law_n they_o can_v suppose_v a_o innate_a gospel_n too_o i_o will_v not_o be_v here_o mistake_v as_o if_o because_o i_o deny_v a_o innate_a law_n i_o think_v there_o be_v none_o but_o positive_a law_n there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o a_o innate_a law_n and_o a_o law_n of_o nature_n between_o something_o imprint_v on_o our_o mind_n in_o their_o very_a original_n and_o something_o that_o we_o may_v attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o by_o our_o natural_a faculty_n from_o natural_a principle_n and_o i_o think_v they_o equal_o forsake_v the_o truth_n who_o run_v into_o the_o contrary_a extreme_n either_o affirm_v a_o innate_a law_n or_o deny_v that_o there_o be_v a_o law_n knowable_a by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n i._n e._n without_o the_o help_n of_o positive_a revelation_n §_o 14._o the_o difference_n there_o be_v among_o man_n in_o their_o practical_a principle_n be_v so_o evident_a that_o i_o think_v i_o need_v say_v no_o more_o to_o evince_v that_o it_o will_v be_v imposisible_a to_o find_v any_o innate_a moral_a rule_n by_o this_o mark_n of_o general_a assent_n and_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o make_v one_o suspect_v that_o the_o supposition_n of_o such_o innate_a principle_n be_v but_o a_o opinion_n take_v up_o at_o pleasure_n since_o those_o who_o talk_v so_o confident_o of_o they_o be_v so_o spare_v to_o tell_v we_o which_o they_o be_v this_o might_n with_o justice_n be_v expect_v from_o those_o man_n who_o lie_v stress_n upon_o this_o opinion_n and_o it_o give_v occasion_n to_o distrust_v either_o their_o knowledge_n or_o charity_n who_o declare_v that_o god_n have_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n the_o foundation_n of_o knowledge_n and_o the_o rule_n of_o live_v be_v yet_o so_o little_o favourable_a to_o the_o information_n of_o their_o neighbour_n or_o the_o quiet_a of_o mankind_n as_o not_o to_o point_v out_o to_o they_o which_o they_o be_v in_o the_o variety_n man_n be_v distract_v with_o but_o in_o truth_n be_v there_o any_o such_o innate_a principle_n there_o will_v be_v no_o need_n to_o teach_v they_o do_v man_n find_v such_o innate_a proposition_n stamp_v on_o their_o mind_n they_o will_v easy_o be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o other_o truth_n that_o they_o afterward_o learned_a and_o deduce_v from_o they_o and_o there_o will_v be_v nothing_o more_o easy_a than_o to_o know_v what_o and_o how_o many_o they_o be_v there_o can_v be_v no_o more_o doubt_n about_o their_o number_n than_o there_o be_v about_o the_o number_n of_o our_o finger_n and_o it_o be_v like_a then_o every_o system_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o give_v they_o we_o by_o tale_n but_o since_o no_o body_n that_o i_o know_v have_v venture_v yet_o to_o give_v a_o catalogue_n of_o they_o they_o can_v blame_v those_o who_o doubt_v of_o these_o innate_a principle_n since_o even_o they_o who_o require_v man_n to_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v such_o innate_a proposition_n do_v not_o tell_v we_o what_o they_o be_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o foresee_v that_o if_o different_a man_n of_o different_a sect_n shall_v go_v about_o to_o give_v we_o a_o list_n of_o those_o innate_a practical_a principle_n they_o will_v set_v down_o only_o such_o as_o suit_v their_o distinct_a hypothesis_n and_o be_v fit_a to_o support_v the_o doctrine_n of_o their_o particular_a school_n or_o church_n a_o plain_a evidence_n that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o innate_a truth_n nay_o a_o great_a part_n of_o man_n be_v so_o far_o from_o find_v any_o such_o innate_a moral_a principle_n in_o themselves_o that_o by_o deny_v freedom_n to_o mankind_n and_o thereby_o make_v man_n no_o other_o than_o bare_a machines_n they_o take_v away_o not_o only_o innate_a but_o all_o moral_a rule_n whatsoever_o and_o leave_v not_o a_o possibility_n to_o believe_v any_o such_o to_o those_o who_o can_v conceive_v how_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v capable_a of_o a_o law_n that_o be_v not_o a_o free_a agent_n and_o upon_o that_o ground_n they_o must_v necessary_o reject_v all_o principle_n of_o virtue_n who_o can_v put_v morality_n and_o mechanism_n together_o which_o be_v not_o very_o easy_a to_o be_v reconcile_v or_o make_v consistent_a §_o 15._o when_o i_o have_v write_v this_o be_v inform_v that_o my_o lord_n herbert_n have_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr veritate_fw-la assign_v these_o innate_a principle_n i_o present_o consult_v he_o hope_v to_o find_v in_o a_o man_n of_o so_o great_a part_n something_o that_o may_v satisfy_v i_o in_o this_o point_n and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o my_o enquiry_n in_o his_o chapter_n de_fw-fr instinctu_fw-la naturali_fw-la p._n 76._o edit_n 1656._o i_o meet_v with_o these_o six_o mark_n of_o his_o notitiae_fw-la commune_v 1._o prioritas_fw-la 2._o independentia_fw-la 3._o vniversalitas_fw-la 4._o certitudo_fw-la 5._o necessitas_fw-la i._n e._n as_o he_o explain_v it_o faciunt_fw-la ad_fw-la hominis_fw-la conservationem_fw-la 6._o modus_fw-la conformationis_fw-la i._n e._n assensus_fw-la nullâ_fw-la interpositâ_fw-la morâ_fw-la and_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o little_a treatise_n de_fw-fr religione_fw-la laici_fw-la he_o say_v this_o of_o these_o innate_a principle_n adeo_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la uniuscujusvis_fw-la religionis_fw-la confinio_fw-la arctentur_fw-la quae_fw-la ubique_fw-la vigent_fw-la veritates_fw-la sunt_fw-la enim_fw-la in_o ipsâ_fw-la ment_fw-la coelitùs_fw-la descriptae_fw-la nullisque_fw-la traditionibus_fw-la sive_fw-la scriptis_fw-la sive_fw-la non_fw-la scriptis_fw-la obnoxiae_fw-la p._n 3._o and_o veritates_fw-la nostrae_fw-la catholicae_fw-la quae_fw-la tanquam_fw-la indubia_fw-la dei_fw-la effata_fw-la in_o foro_fw-la interiori_fw-la descripta_fw-la thus_o have_v give_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o innate_a principle_n or_o common_a notion_n and_o assert_v their_o be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n he_o proceed_v at_o last_o to_o set_v they_o down_o and_o they_o be_v these_o 1._o esse_fw-la aliquod_fw-la supremum_fw-la numen_fw-la 2._o numen_fw-la illud_fw-la coli_fw-la debere_fw-la 3._o virtutem_fw-la cum_fw-la pielate_fw-la conjunctam_fw-la optimam_fw-la esse_fw-la rationem_fw-la cultùs_fw-la divini_fw-la 4._o rescipiscendum_fw-la esse_fw-la à _fw-la peccatis_fw-la 5._o dari_n proemium_fw-la vel_fw-la poenam_fw-la post_fw-la hanc_fw-la vitam_fw-la transactam_fw-la these_o though_o i_o allow_v they_o to_o be_v clear_a truth_n and_o such_o as_o if_o right_o explain_v a_o rational_a creature_n can_v hardly_o avoid_v give_v his_o assent_n to_o yet_o i_o think_v he_o be_v far_o from_o prove_v they_o innate_a impression_n in_o foro_n interiori_fw-la descriptae_fw-la for_o i_o must_v take_v leave_n to_o observe_v §_o 16._o first_o that_o these_o five_o proposition_n be_v either_o all_o or_o more_o than_o all_o those_o common_a notion_n write_v on_o our_o mind_n by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n if_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o believe_v any_o at_o all_o to_o be_v so_o write_v since_o there_o be_v other_o proposition_n which_o even_o by_o his_o own_o rule_n have_v as_o just_a a_o pretence_n to_o such_o a_o original_a and_o may_v be_v as_o well_o admit_v for_o innate_a principle_n as_o at_o least_o some_o of_o these_o five_o he_o enumerate_v viz._n do_v as_o thou_o will_v be_v do_v unto_o and_o perhaps_o some_o hundred_o of_o other_o when_o well_o consider_v §_o 17._o second_o that_o all_o his_o mark_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o each_o of_o his_o five_o proposition_n viz._n his_o first_o second_o and_o third_z mark_n agree_v perfect_o to_o neither_o of_o they_o and_o the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o and_o six_o mark_v agree_v but_o ill_a to_o his_o three_o four_o and_o five_o proposition_n for_o beside_o that_o we_o be_v assure_v from_o history_n of_o many_o man_n nay_o whole_a nation_n who_o doubt_v or_o disbelieve_v some_o or_o all_o of_o they_o i_o can_v see_v how_o the_o three_o viz._n that_o virtue_n join_v with_o piety_n be_v the_o best_a worship_n of_o god_n can_v be_v a_o innate_a principle_n when_o the_o name_n or_o sound_a virtue_n be_v so_o hard_a to_o be_v understand_v liable_a to_o so_o much_o uncertainty_n in_o its_o signification_n and_o the_o thing_n it_o stand_v for_o so_o much_o contend_v about_o and_o difficult_a to_o be_v know_v and_o therefore_o this_o can_v be_v but_o a_o very_a uncertain_a rule_n of_o (null)_o practice_n and_o serve_v but_o very_o little_a to_o the_o conduct_n of_o our_o life_n and_o be_v therefore_o very_o unfit_a to_o be_v assign_v as_o a_o innate_a practical_a principle_n §_o 18._o for_o let_v we_o consider_v this_o proposition_n as_o to_o its_o meaning_n for_o it_o be_v the_o sense_n and_o not_o sound_a that_o be_v and_o must_v be_v the_o principle_n or_o common_a
other_o and_o then_o they_o will_v also_o begin_v to_o assent_v to_o that_o proposition_n and_o make_v very_o little_a question_n of_o it_o ever_o after_o but_o such_o a_o assent_n upon_o hear_v no_o more_o prove_v the_o idea_n to_o be_v innate_a than_o it_o do_v that_o one_o bear_v blind_a with_o cataract_n which_o will_v be_v couch_v to_o morrow_n have_v the_o innate_a idea_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o light_n or_o saffron_n or_o yellow_a because_o when_o his_o sight_n be_v clear_v he_o will_v certain_o assent_v to_o this_o proposition_n that_o the_o sun_n be_v lucid_a or_o that_o saffron_n be_v yellow_a and_o therefore_o if_o such_o a_o assent_n upon_o hear_v can_v prove_v the_o idea_n innate_a it_o can_v much_o less_o the_o proposition_n make_v up_o of_o those_o idea_n if_o they_o have_v any_o innate_a idea_n i_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o be_v tell_v what_o and_o how_o many_o they_o be_v §_o 20._o beside_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v there_o be_v another_o reason_n why_o i_o doubt_v that_o neither_o these_o nor_o any_o other_o principle_n be_v innate_a i_o that_o be_o full_o persuade_v that_o the_o infinite_o wise_a god_n make_v all_o thing_n in_o perfect_a wisdom_n can_v satisfy_v myself_o why_o he_o shall_v be_v suppose_v to_o print_v upon_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n some_o universal_a principle_n whereof_o those_o that_o be_v pretend_v innate_a and_o concern_v speculation_n be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n and_o those_o that_o concern_v practice_n not_o self-evident_a and_o neither_o of_o they_o distinguishable_a from_o some_o other_o truth_n not_o allow_v to_o be_v innate_a for_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v character_n be_v grave_v on_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n which_o be_v not_o clear_a there_o than_o those_o which_o be_v afterward_o introduce_v or_o can_v be_v distinguish_v from_o if_o any_o one_o think_v there_o be_v such_o innate_a idea_n and_o proposition_n which_o by_o their_o clearness_n and_o usefulness_n be_v distinguishable_a from_o all_o that_o be_v adventitious_a in_o the_o mind_n and_o acquire_v it_o will_v not_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n for_o he_o to_o tell_v we_o which_o they_o be_v and_o then_o every_o one_o will_v be_v a_o fit_a judge_n whether_o they_o be_v so_o or_o no._n since_o if_o there_o be_v such_o innate_a idea_n and_o impression_n plain_o different_a from_o all_o our_o other_o perception_n and_o knowledge_n every_o one_o will_v find_v it_o true_a in_o himself_o of_o the_o evidence_n of_o these_o suppose_a innate_a maxim_n i_o have_v speak_v already_o of_o their_o usefulness_n i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o §_o 21._o to_o conclude_v some_o idea_n forward_o offer_v themselves_o to_o all_o man_n understanding_n and_o some_o sort_n of_o truth_n result_n from_o any_o idea_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o mind_n put_v they_o into_o proposition_n other_o truth_n require_v a_o train_n of_o idea_n place_v in_o order_n a_o due_a compare_v of_o they_o and_o deduction_n make_v with_o attention_n before_o they_o can_v be_v discover_v and_o assent_v to_o some_o of_o the_o first_o sort_n because_o of_o their_o general_n and_o easy_a reception_n have_v be_v mistake_v for_o innate_a but_o the_o truth_n be_v idea_n and_o notion_n be_v no_o more_o bear_v with_o we_o than_o art_n and_o science_n though_o some_o of_o they_o indeed_o offer_v themselves_o to_o our_o faculty_n more_o ready_o than_o other_o and_o therefore_o be_v more_o general_o receive_v though_o that_o too_o be_v according_a as_o the_o organ_n of_o our_o body_n and_o power_n of_o our_o mind_n happen_v to_o be_v employ_v god_n have_v fit_v man_n with_o faculty_n and_o mean_n to_o discover_v observe_v and_o retain_v truth_n according_o as_o they_o be_v employ_v the_o great_a difference_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o notion_n of_o mankind_n be_v from_o the_o different_a use_n they_o put_v their_o faculty_n to_o whilst_o some_o and_o those_o the_o most_o take_v thing_n upon_o trust_n misemploy_v their_o power_n of_o assent_n by_o lazy_o enslave_v their_o mind_n to_o the_o dictate_v and_o dominion_n of_o other_o in_o doctrine_n which_o it_o be_v their_o duty_n careful_o to_o examine_v and_o not_o blind_o with_o a_o implicit_a say_v to_o swallow_v other_o employ_v their_o thought_n only_o about_o some_o few_o thing_n grow_v acquaint_v sufficient_o with_o they_o attain_v great_a degree_n of_o knowledge_n in_o they_o and_o be_v ignorant_a of_o all_o other_o have_v never_o let_v their_o thought_n loose_v in_o the_o search_n of_o other_o inquiry_n thus_o that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o be_v a_o truth_n as_o certain_a as_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v and_o i_o think_v more_o evident_a than_o many_o of_o those_o proposition_n that_o go_v for_o principle_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v million_o however_o expert_a in_o other_o thing_n know_v not_o this_o at_o all_o because_o they_o never_o set_v their_o thought_n on_o work_n about_o such_o angles_n and_o he_o that_o certain_o know_v this_o proposition_n may_v yet_o be_v utter_o ignorant_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o other_o proposition_n in_o mathematics_n itself_o which_o be_v as_o clear_v and_o evident_a as_o this_o because_o in_o his_o search_n of_o those_o mathematical_a truth_n he_o stop_v his_o thought_n short_a and_o go_v not_o so_o far_o the_o same_o may_v happen_v concern_v the_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o deity_n for_o though_o there_o be_v no_o truth_n which_o a_o man_n may_v more_o evident_o make_v out_o to_o himself_o than_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n yet_o he_o that_o shall_v content_v himself_o with_o thing_n as_o he_o find_v they_o in_o this_o world_n as_o they_o minister_v to_o his_o pleasure_n and_o passion_n and_o not_o make_v enquiry_n a_o little_a far_o into_o their_o cause_n end_n and_o admirable_a contrivance_n and_o pursue_v the_o thought_n thereof_o with_o diligence_n and_o attention_n may_v live_v long_o without_o any_o notion_n of_o such_o a_o be_v and_o if_o any_o person_n have_v by_o talk_n put_v such_o a_o notion_n into_o his_o head_n he_o may_v perhaps_o believe_v it_o but_o if_o he_o have_v never_o examine_v it_o his_o knowledge_n of_o it_o will_v be_v no_o perfect_a than_o he_o who_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o take_v it_o upon_o trust_n without_o examine_v the_o demonstration_n and_o may_v yield_v his_o assent_n as_o to_o a_o probable_a opinion_n but_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o which_o yet_o his_o faculty_n if_o careful_o employ_v be_v able_a to_o make_v clear_a and_o evident_a to_o he_o but_o this_o only_a by_o the_o by_o to_o show_v how_o much_o our_o knowledge_n depend_v upon_o the_o right_a use_n of_o those_o power_n nature_n have_v bestow_v upon_o we_o and_o how_o little_a upon_o those_o innate_a principle_n which_o be_v in_o vain_a suppose_a to_o be_v in_o all_o mankind_n for_o their_o direction_n which_o all_o man_n can_v not_o but_o know_v if_o thy_o be_v there_o or_o else_o they_o will_v be_v there_o to_o no_o purpose_n §_o 22._o what_o censure_n doubt_v thus_o of_o innate_a principle_n may_v deserve_v from_o man_n who_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o call_v it_o pulling_z up_o the_o old_a foundation_n of_o knowledge_n and_o certainty_n i_o can_v tell_v i_o persuade_v myself_o at_o least_o that_o the_o way_n i_o have_v pursue_v be_v conformable_a to_o truth_n lay_v those_o foundation_n sure_a this_o i_o be_o certain_a i_o have_v not_o make_v it_o my_o business_n either_o to_o quit_v or_o follow_v any_o authority_n in_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n truth_n have_v be_v my_o only_a aim_n and_o wherever_o that_o have_v appear_v to_o lead_v my_o thought_n have_v impartial_o follow_v without_o mind_v whether_o the_o footstep_n of_o any_o other_o lie_v that_o way_n or_o no._n not_o that_o i_o want_v a_o due_a respect_n to_o other_o man_n opinion_n but_o after_o all_o the_o great_a reverence_n be_v due_a to_o truth_n and_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v not_o be_v think_v arrogance_n to_o say_v that_o perhaps_o we_o shall_v make_v great_a progress_n in_o the_o discovery_n of_o rational_a and_o contemplative_a knowledge_n if_o we_o seek_v it_o in_o the_o fountain_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o thing_n themselves_o and_o make_v use_v rather_o of_o our_o own_o thought_n than_o other_o man_n to_o find_v it_o for_o i_o think_v we_o may_v as_o rational_o hope_v to_o see_v with_o other_o man_n eye_n as_o to_o know_v by_o other_o man_n understanding_n so_o much_o as_o we_o ourselves_o consider_v and_o comprehend_v of_o truth_n and_o reason_n so_o much_o we_o possess_v of_o real_a and_o true_a knowledge_n the_o float_v of_o other_o man_n opinion_n in_o our_o brain_n make_v we_o not_o one_o jot_n the_o more_o
may_v account_v for_o the_o cohesion_n of_o several_a part_n of_o matter_n that_o be_v grosser_n than_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n and_o have_v pore_n less_o than_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o air_n yet_o the_o weight_n or_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n will_v not_o explain_v nor_o can_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o the_o coherence_n of_o the_o particle_n of_o air_n themselves_o and_o if_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o aether_n or_o any_o subtle_a matter_n than_o the_o air_n may_v unite_v and_o hold_v fast_o together_o the_o part_n of_o a_o particle_n of_o air_n as_o well_o as_o other_o body_n yet_o it_o can_v make_v bond_n for_o itself_o and_o hold_v together_o the_o part_n that_o make_v up_o every_o the_o least_o corpuscle_n of_o that_o materia_fw-la subtilis_fw-la so_o that_o that_o hypothesis_n how_o ingenious_o soever_o explain_v by_o show_v that_o the_o part_n of_o sensible_a body_n be_v hold_v together_o by_o the_o pressure_n of_o other_o external_a insensible_a body_n reach_v not_o the_o part_n of_o the_o aether_n itself_o and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o evident_a it_o prove_v that_o the_o part_n of_o other_o body_n be_v hold_v together_o by_o the_o external_a pressure_n of_o the_o aether_n and_o can_v have_v no_o other_o conceivable_a cause_n of_o their_o cohesion_n and_o union_n by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o leave_v we_o in_o the_o dark_a concern_v the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o corpuscle_n of_o the_o aether_n itself_o which_o we_o can_v neither_o conceive_v without_o part_n they_o be_v body_n and_o divisible_a nor_o yet_o how_o their_o part_n cohere_v they_o want_v that_o cause_n of_o cohesion_n which_o be_v give_v of_o the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o all_o other_o body_n §_o 24._o but_o in_o truth_n the_o pressure_n of_o any_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la how_o great_a soever_o can_v be_v no_o intelligible_a cause_n of_o the_o cohesion_n of_o the_o solid_a part_n of_o matter_n for_o though_o such_o a_o pressure_n may_v hinder_v the_o avulsion_n of_o two_o polish_a superficies_n one_o from_o another_o in_o a_o line_n perpendicular_a to_o they_o as_o in_o the_o experiment_n of_o two_o polish_a marble_n yet_o it_o can_v never_o in_o the_o least_o hinder_v the_o separation_n by_o a_o motion_n in_o a_o line_n parallel_n to_o these_o superficies_n because_o the_o ambient_fw-la fluid_fw-la have_v a_o full_a liberty_n to_o succeed_v in_o each_o point_n of_o space_n disert_v by_o a_o lateral_a motion_n resist_v such_o a_o motion_n of_o body_n so_o join_v no_o more_o than_o it_o will_v resist_v the_o motion_n of_o that_o body_n be_v it_o on_o all_o side_n environ_v by_o that_o fluid_a and_o touch_v no_o other_o body_n and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v no_o other_o cause_n of_o cohesion_n all_o part_n of_o body_n must_v be_v easy_o separable_a by_o such_o a_o lateral_a slide_a motion_n for_o if_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o aether_n be_v the_o adequate_a cause_n of_o cohesion_n wherever_o that_o cause_n operate_v not_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cohesion_n and_o since_o it_o can_v operate_v against_o such_o a_o lateral_a separation_n as_o have_v be_v show_v therefore_o in_o every_o imaginary_a plain_n intersect_v any_o mass_n of_o matter_n there_o can_v be_v no_o more_o cohesion_n than_o of_o two_o polish_a superficies_n which_o will_v always_o notwithstanding_o any_o imaginable_a pressure_n of_o a_o fluid_a easy_o slide_v one_o from_o another_o so_o that_o perhaps_o how_o clear_a a_o idea_n soever_o we_o think_v we_o have_v of_o the_o extension_n of_o body_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o cohesion_n of_o solid_a part_n he_o that_o shall_v well_o consider_v it_o in_o his_o mind_n may_v have_v reason_n to_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v as_o easy_a for_o he_o to_o have_v a_o clear_a idea_n how_o the_o soul_n think_v as_o how_o body_n be_v extend_v for_o since_o body_n be_v no_o far_o nor_o otherwise_o extend_v than_o by_o the_o union_n and_o cohesion_n of_o its_o solid_a part_n we_o shall_v very_o ill_o comprehend_v the_o extension_n of_o body_n without_o understanding_n wherein_o consist_v the_o union_n and_o cohesion_n of_o its_o part_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o as_o incomprehensible_a as_o the_o manner_n of_o think_v and_o how_o it_o be_v perform_v §_o 25._o i_o allow_v it_o be_v usual_a for_o most_o people_n to_o wonder_n how_o any_o one_o shall_v find_v a_o difficulty_n in_o what_o they_o think_v they_o every_o day_n observe_v do_v we_o not_o see_v will_v they_o be_v ready_a to_o say_v the_o part_n of_o body_n stick_v firm_o together_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o common_a and_o what_o doubt_n can_v there_o be_v make_v of_o it_o and_o the_o like_a i_o say_v concern_v think_v and_o voluntary_a motion_n do_v we_o not_o every_o moment_n experiment_n it_o in_o ourselves_o and_o therefore_o can_v it_o be_v doubt_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v clear_a i_o confess_v but_o when_o we_o will_v a_o little_a near_o look_v into_o it_o and_o consider_v how_o it_o be_v do_v there_o i_o think_v we_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n both_o in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o and_o can_v as_o little_o understand_v how_o the_o part_n of_o body_n cohere_v as_o how_o we_o ourselves_o perceive_v or_o move_v i_o will_v have_v any_o one_o intelligible_o explain_v to_o i_o how_o the_o part_n of_o gold_n or_o brass_n that_o but_o now_o in_o fusion_n be_v as_o loose_v from_o one_o another_o as_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n or_o the_o sand_n of_o a_o hourglass_n come_v in_o a_o few_o moment_n to_o be_v so_o unite_v and_o adhere_v so_o strong_o one_o to_o another_o that_o the_o utmost_a force_n of_o man_n arm_n can_v separate_v they_o a_o consider_v man_n will_v i_o suppose_v be_v here_o at_o a_o loss_n to_o satisfy_v his_o own_o or_o another_o man_n understanding_n §_o 26._o the_o little_a body_n that_o compose_v that_o fluid_a we_o call_v water_n be_v so_o extreme_o small_a that_o i_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o any_o one_o who_o by_o a_o microscope_n and_o yet_o i_o have_v hear_v of_o some_o that_o have_v magnify_v to_o 10000_o nay_o to_o much_o above_o 100,000_o time_n pretend_v to_o perceive_v their_o distinct_a bulk_n figure_n or_o motion_n and_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n be_v also_o so_o perfect_o loose_v one_o from_o another_o that_o the_o least_o force_n sensible_o separate_v they_o nay_o if_o we_o consider_v their_o perpetual_a motion_n we_o must_v allow_v they_o to_o have_v no_o cohesion_n one_o with_o another_o and_o yâ—t_o let_v but_o a_o sharp_a cold_a come_v and_o they_o unite_v they_o consolidate_n these_o little_a atom_n cohere_v and_o be_v not_o without_o great_a force_n separable_a he_o that_o can_v find_v the_o bond_n that_o tie_v these_o heap_n of_o loose_a little_a body_n together_o so_o firm_o he_o that_o can_v make_v know_v the_o cement_n that_o make_v they_o stick_v so_o fast_o one_o to_o another_o will_v discover_v a_o great_a and_o yet_o unknown_a secret_n and_o yet_o when_o that_o be_v do_v will_v he_o be_v far_o enough_o from_o make_v the_o extension_n of_o body_n which_o be_v the_o cohesion_n of_o its_o solid_a part_n intelligible_a till_o he_o can_v show_v wherein_o consist_v the_o union_n or_o consolidation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o those_o bond_n or_o of_o that_o cement_n or_o of_o the_o least_o particle_n of_o matter_n that_o exist_v whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o primary_n and_o suppose_a obvious_a quality_n of_o body_n will_v be_v find_v when_o examine_v to_o be_v as_o incomprehensible_a as_o any_o thing_n belong_v to_o our_o mind_n and_o a_o solid_a extend_a substance_n as_o hard_o to_o be_v conceive_v as_o a_o thine_a one_o whatever_o difficulty_n some_o will_v raise_v against_o it_o §_o 27._o for_o to_o extend_v our_o thought_n a_o little_a far_o that_o pressure_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o explain_v the_o cohesion_n of_o body_n be_v as_o unintelligible_a as_o the_o cohesion_n itself_o for_o if_o matter_n be_v consider_v as_o no_o doubt_n it_o be_v finite_a let_v any_o one_o send_v his_o contemplation_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o universe_n and_o there_o see_v what_o conceivable_a hoop_n what_o bond_n he_o can_v imagine_v to_o hold_v this_o mass_n of_o matter_n in_o so_o close_a a_o pressure_n together_o from_o whence_o steel_n have_v its_o firmness_n and_o the_o part_n of_o a_o diamond_n their_o hardness_n and_o indissolubility_n if_o matter_n be_v finite_a it_o must_v have_v its_o extreme_n and_o there_o must_v be_v something_o to_o hinder_v it_o from_o scatter_v asunder_o if_o to_o avoid_v this_o difficulty_n any_o one_o will_v throw_v himself_o into_o the_o supposition_n and_o abyss_n of_o infinite_a matter_n let_v he_o consider_v what_o light_n he_o thereby_o bring_v to_o the_o cohesion_n of_o body_n and_o whether_o he_o be_v ever_o the_o near_a make_v it_o intelligible_a by_o resolve_v it_o into_o a_o
not_o appear_v so_o much_o a_o paradox_n to_o any_o one_o who_o will_v but_o consider_v how_o far_o man_n be_v yet_o from_o know_v all_o the_o property_n of_o that_o one_o no_o very_a compound_n figure_n a_o triangle_n though_o it_o be_v no_o small_a number_n that_o be_v already_o by_o mathematician_n discover_v of_o it_o §_o 11._o so_o that_o all_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n be_v imperfect_a and_o inadequate_a which_o will_v be_v so_o also_o in_o mathematical_a figure_n if_o we_o be_v to_o have_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o they_o only_o by_o collect_v their_o property_n in_o reference_n to_o other_o figure_n how_o uncertain_a and_o imperfect_a will_v our_o idea_n be_v of_o a_o elypsis_n if_o we_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o it_o but_o some_o few_o of_o its_o property_n whereas_o have_v in_o our_o plain_a idea_n the_o whole_a essence_n of_o that_o figure_n we_o from_o thence_o discover_v those_o property_n and_o demonstrative_o see_v how_o they_o flow_v and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o it_o §_o 12._o thus_o the_o mind_n have_v three_o sort_n of_o abstract_n idea_n or_o nominal_a essence_n first_o simple_z idea_n which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o copy_n but_o yet_o certain_o adequate_a because_o be_v intend_v to_o express_v nothing_o but_o the_o power_n in_o thing_n to_o produce_v in_o the_o mind_n such_o a_o sensation_n that_o sensation_n when_o it_o be_v produce_v can_v but_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o that_o power_n so_o the_o paper_n i_o write_v on_o have_v the_o power_n in_o the_o light_n i_o speak_v according_a to_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o light_n to_o produce_v in_o i_o the_o sensation_n which_o i_o call_v white_a it_o can_v but_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o a_o power_n in_o something_o without_o the_o mind_n since_o the_o mind_n have_v not_o the_o power_n to_o produce_v any_o such_o idea_n in_o its_o self_n and_o be_v mean_v for_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o effect_n of_o such_o a_o power_n that_o simple_a idea_n be_v real_a and_o adequate_a the_o sensation_n of_o white_a in_o my_o mind_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o that_o power_n which_o be_v in_o the_o paper_n to_o produce_v it_o be_v perfect_o adequate_a to_o that_o power_n or_o else_o that_o power_n will_v produce_v a_o different_a idea_n second_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n be_v ectype_n copy_n too_o but_o not_o perfect_a one_o not_o adequate_a which_o be_v very_o evident_a to_o the_o mind_n in_o that_o it_o plain_o perceive_v that_o whatever_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n it_o make_v of_o any_o substance_n that_o exist_v it_o can_v be_v sure_a that_o it_o exact_o answer_v all_o that_o be_v in_o that_o substance_n since_o not_o have_v try_v all_o the_o operation_n of_o all_o other_o substance_n upon_o it_o and_o find_v all_o the_o alteration_n it_o will_v receive_v from_o or_o cause_n in_o other_o substance_n it_o can_v have_v a_o exact_a adequate_a collection_n of_o all_o its_o active_a and_o passive_a capacity_n and_o so_o not_o have_v a_o adequate_a complex_fw-la idea_n of_o the_o power_n of_o any_o substance_n exist_v and_o its_o relation_n which_o be_v that_o sort_n of_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n we_o have_v and_o after_o all_o if_o we_o can_v have_v and_o actual_o have_v in_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n a_o exact_a collection_n of_o all_o the_o secundary_a quality_n or_o power_n of_o any_o substance_n we_o shall_v not_o yet_o thereby_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o that_o thing_n for_o since_o the_o power_n or_o quality_n that_o be_v observable_a by_o we_o be_v not_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o that_o substance_n but_o depend_v on_o it_o and_o flow_v from_o it_o any_o collection_n whatsoever_o of_o these_o quality_n can_v be_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o that_o thing_n whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v not_o adequate_a be_v not_o what_o the_o mind_n intend_v they_o to_o be_v beside_o a_o man_n have_v no_o idea_n of_o substance_n in_o general_n nor_o know_v what_o substance_n be_v in_o itself_o §_o 14._o three_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o modes_n and_o relation_n be_v original_n and_o archetype_n be_v not_o copy_n nor_o make_v after_o the_o pattern_n of_o any_o real_a existence_n to_o which_o the_o mind_n intend_v they_o to_o be_v conformable_a and_o exact_o to_o answer_v these_o be_v such_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o the_o mind_n itself_o put_v together_o and_o such_o collection_n that_o each_o of_o they_o contain_v in_o it_o precise_o all_o that_o the_o mind_n intend_v it_o shall_v they_o be_v archetype_n and_o essence_n of_o modes_n that_o may_v exist_v and_o so_o be_v design_v only_o for_o and_o belong_v only_o to_o such_o modes_n as_o when_o they_o do_v exist_v have_v a_o exact_a conformity_n with_o those_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o idea_n therefore_o of_o modes_n and_o relation_n can_v but_o be_v adequate_a chap._n xxxi_o of_o true_a and_o false_a idea_n §_o 1._o though_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n belong_v in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n only_o to_o proposition_n yet_o idea_n be_v oftentimes_o term_v true_a or_o false_a as_o what_o word_n be_v there_o that_o be_v not_o use_v with_o great_a latitude_n and_o with_o some_o deviation_n from_o their_o strict_a and_o proper_a signification_n though_o i_o think_v that_o when_o idea_n themselves_o be_v term_v true_a or_o false_a there_o be_v still_o some_o secret_a or_o tacit_n proposition_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o denomination_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v if_o we_o examine_v the_o particular_a occasion_n wherein_o they_o come_v to_o be_v call_v true_a or_o false_a in_o all_o which_o we_o shall_v find_v some_o kind_n of_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o denomination_n for_o our_o idea_n be_v nothing_o but_o bare_a appearance_n or_o perception_n in_o our_o mind_n can_v proper_o and_o simple_o in_o themselves_o be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a no_o more_o than_o a_o single_a name_n of_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a §_o 2._o indeed_o both_o idea_n and_o word_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a in_o a_o metaphysical_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n truth_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o any_o way_n exist_v be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a i._n e._n real_o to_o be_v such_o as_o they_o exist_v though_o in_o thing_n call_v true_a even_o in_o that_o sense_n there_o be_v perhaps_o a_o secret_a reference_n to_o our_o idea_n look_v upon_o as_o the_o standard_n of_o that_o truth_n which_o amount_v to_o a_o mental_a proposition_n though_o it_o be_v usual_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o §_o 3._o but_o it_o be_v not_o in_o that_o metaphysical_a sense_n of_o truth_n which_o we_o inquire_v here_o when_o we_o examine_v whether_o our_o idea_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v true_a or_o false_a but_o in_o the_o more_o ordinary_a acceptation_n of_o those_o word_n and_o so_o i_o say_v that_o the_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n be_v only_o so_o many_o perception_n or_o appearance_n there_o none_o of_o they_o be_v false_a the_o idea_n of_o a_o centaur_n have_v no_o more_o falsehood_n in_o it_o when_o it_o appear_v in_o our_o mind_n than_o the_o name_n centaur_n have_v falsehood_n in_o it_o when_o it_o be_v pronounce_v by_o our_o mouth_n or_o write_v on_o paper_n for_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n lie_v always_o in_o some_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n mental_a or_o verbal_a our_o idea_n be_v not_o capable_a any_o of_o they_o of_o be_v false_a till_o the_o mind_n pass_v some_o judgement_n on_o they_o that_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v something_o of_o they_o §_o 4._o when_o ever_o the_o mind_n refer_v any_o of_o its_o idea_n to_o any_o thing_n extraneous_a to_o they_o they_o be_v then_o capable_a to_o be_v call_v true_a or_o false_a because_o the_o mind_n in_o such_o a_o reference_n make_v a_o tacit_n supposition_n of_o their_o conformity_n to_o that_o thing_n which_o supposition_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a so_o the_o idea_n themselves_o come_v to_o be_v denominate_v the_o most_o usual_a case_n wherein_o this_o happen_v be_v these_o follow_v §_o 5._o first_o when_o the_o mind_n suppose_v any_o idea_n it_o have_v conformable_a to_o that_o in_o other_o man_n mind_n call_v by_o the_o same_o common_a name_n v_o g._n when_o the_o mind_n intend_v or_o judge_n its_o idea_n of_o justice_n temperance_n religion_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o what_o other_o man_n give_v those_o name_n to_o second_o when_o the_o mind_n suppose_v any_o idea_n it_o have_v in_o itself_o to_o be_v conformable_a to_o some_o real_a existence_n thus_o the_o two_o idea_n of_o a_o man_n and_o a_o centaur_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o idea_n of_o real_a substance_n be_v the_o one_o true_a and_o the_o other_o false_a the_o one_o have_v
distinct_a species_n from_o kill_v a_o man_n son_n or_o neighbour_n it_o be_v because_o of_o the_o distinct_a punishment_n the_o one_o deserve_v different_a from_o the_o other_o murder_n and_o therefore_o they_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o mention_v it_o by_o a_o distinct_a name_n which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o make_v that_o distinct_a combination_n but_o though_o the_o idea_n of_o mother_n and_o daughter_n be_v so_o different_o treat_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o idea_n of_o kill_v that_o the_o one_o be_v join_v with_o it_o to_o make_v a_o distinct_a abstract_n idea_n with_o a_o name_n and_o so_o a_o distinct_a species_n and_o the_o other_o not_o yet_o in_o respect_n of_o carnal_a knowledge_n they_o be_v both_o take_v in_o under_o incest_n and_o that_o still_o for_o the_o same_o convenience_n of_o express_v under_o one_o name_n and_o reckon_n of_o one_o species_n such_o unclean_a mixture_n as_o have_v a_o peculiar_a turpitude_n beyond_o other_o and_o this_o to_o avoid_v circumlocution_n and_o tedious_a description_n §_o 8._o a_o moderate_a skill_n in_o different_a language_n will_v easy_o satisfy_v one_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o it_o be_v so_o obvious_a to_o observe_v great_a store_n of_o word_n in_o one_o language_n which_o have_v not_o any_o that_o answer_v they_o in_o another_o which_o plain_o show_v that_o those_o of_o one_o country_n by_o their_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o life_n have_v find_v occasion_n to_o make_v several_a complex_fw-la idea_n and_o give_v name_n to_o they_o which_o other_o never_o collect_v into_o specific_a idea_n this_o can_v not_o have_v happen_v if_o these_o species_n be_v the_o steady_a workmanship_n of_o nature_n and_o not_o collection_n make_v and_o abstract_v by_o the_o mind_n in_o order_n to_o name_v and_o for_o the_o convenience_n of_o communication_n the_o term_n of_o our_o law_n which_o be_v not_o empty_a sound_n will_v hardly_o find_v word_n that_o answer_v they_o in_o the_o spanish_a or_o italian_a no_o scanty_a language_n much_o less_o i_o think_v can_v any_o one_o translate_v they_o into_o the_o caribee_n or_o westoe_n tongue_n and_o the_o versura_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o corban_n of_o the_o jew_n have_v no_o word_n in_o other_o language_n to_o answer_v they_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v nay_o if_o we_o will_v look_v a_o little_a more_o near_o into_o this_o matter_n and_o exact_o compare_v different_a language_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o though_o they_o have_v word_n which_o in_o translation_n and_o dictionary_n be_v suppose_v to_o answer_v one_o another_o yet_o there_o be_v scarce_o one_o of_o ten_o among_o the_o name_n of_o complex_fw-la idea_n especial_o of_o mix_a modes_n that_o stand_v for_o the_o same_o precise_a idea_n which_o the_o word_n do_v that_o in_o dictionary_n it_o be_v render_v by_o there_o be_v no_o idea_n more_o common_a and_o less_o compound_v than_o the_o measure_n of_o time_n extension_n and_o weight_n and_o the_o latin_a name_n hora_n pes_fw-la libra_n be_v without_o difficulty_n render_v by_o the_o english_a name_n hour_n foot_n and_o poâ—nd_v but_o yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o evident_a than_o that_o the_o idea_n a_o roman_a annex_v to_o these_o latin_a name_n be_v very_o far_o different_a from_o those_o which_o a_o englishman_n express_v by_o those_o english_a one_o and_o if_o either_o of_o these_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o measure_n that_o those_o of_o the_o other_o language_n design_v by_o their_o name_n he_o will_v be_v quite_o out_o in_o his_o account_n these_o be_v too_o sensible_a proof_n to_o be_v doubt_v and_o we_o shall_v find_v this_o much_o more_o so_o in_o the_o name_n of_o more_o abstract_a and_o compound_a idea_n such_o as_o be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o which_o make_v up_o moral_a discourse_n who_o name_n when_o man_n come_v curious_o to_o compare_v with_o those_o they_o be_v translate_v into_o in_o other_o language_n they_o will_v find_v very_o few_o of_o they_o exact_o to_o correspond_v in_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o their_o signification_n §_o 9_o the_o reason_n why_o i_o take_v so_o particular_a notice_n of_o this_o be_v that_o we_o may_v not_o be_v mistake_v about_o genera_n and_o species_n and_o essence_n as_o if_o they_o be_v thing_n regular_o and_o constant_o make_v by_o nature_n and_o have_v a_o real_a existence_n in_o thing_n when_o they_o appear_v upon_o a_o more_o wary_a survey_n to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o artifice_n of_o the_o understanding_n for_o the_o easy_a signify_v such_o collection_n of_o idea_n as_o it_o shall_v often_o have_v occasion_n to_o communicate_v by_o one_o general_a term_n under_o which_o divers_a particular_n as_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o agree_v to_o that_o abstract_n idea_n may_v be_v comprehend_v and_o if_o the_o doubtful_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n species_n may_v make_v it_o sound_v harsh_a to_o some_o that_o i_o say_v that_o the_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v make_v by_o the_o understanding_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o can_v by_o no_o body_n be_v deny_v that_o it_o be_v the_o mind_n make_v those_o abstract_a complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o specific_a name_n be_v give_v and_o if_o it_o be_v true_a as_o it_o be_v that_o the_o mind_n make_v these_o pattern_n for_o sort_v and_o name_v of_o thing_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v consider_v who_o make_v the_o boundary_n of_o the_o sort_n or_o species_n since_o with_o i_o species_n and_o sort_n have_v no_o other_o difference_n than_o that_o of_o a_o latin_a and_o english_a idiom_n §_o 10._o the_o near_a relation_n that_o there_o be_v between_o species_n essence_n and_o their_o general_a name_n at_o least_o in_o mix_a modes_n will_v far_o appear_v when_o we_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v the_o name_n that_o seem_v to_o preserve_v those_o essence_n and_o give_v they_o their_o last_a duration_n for_o the_o connexion_n between_o the_o loose_a part_n of_o those_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v make_v by_o the_o mind_n this_o union_n which_o have_v no_o particular_a foundation_n in_o nature_n will_v cease_v again_o be_v there_o not_o something_o that_o do_v as_o it_o be_v hold_v it_o together_o and_o keep_v the_o part_n from_o scatter_v though_o therefore_o it_o be_v the_o mind_n that_o make_v the_o collection_n it_o be_v the_o name_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o knot_n that_o tie_v they_o fast_o together_o what_o a_o vast_a variety_n of_o different_a idea_n do_v the_o word_n triumphus_fw-la hold_v together_o and_o deliver_v to_o we_o as_o one_o species_n have_v this_o name_n be_v never_o make_v or_o quite_o lose_v we_o may_v no_o doubt_n have_v have_v description_n of_o what_o pass_v in_o that_o solemnity_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o which_o hold_v those_o different_a part_n together_o in_o the_o unity_n of_o one_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v that_o very_a word_n annex_v to_o it_o without_o which_o the_o several_a part_n of_o that_o will_v no_o more_o be_v think_v to_o make_v one_o thing_n than_o any_o other_o show_n which_o have_v never_o be_v make_v but_o once_o have_v never_o be_v unite_v into_o one_o complex_fw-la idea_n under_o one_o denomination_n how_o much_o therefore_o in_o mix_a modes_n the_o unity_n necessary_a to_o any_o essence_n depend_v on_o the_o mind_n and_o how_o much_o the_o continuation_n and_o fix_v of_o that_o unity_n depend_v on_o the_o name_n in_o common_a use_n annex_v to_o it_o i_o leave_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o those_o who_o look_v upon_o essence_n and_o species_n as_o real_a establish_a thing_n in_o nature_n §_o 11._o suitable_a to_o this_o we_o find_v that_o man_n speak_v of_o mix_a modes_n seldom_o imagine_v or_o take_v any_o other_o for_o species_n of_o they_o but_o such_o as_o be_v set_v out_o by_o name_n because_o they_o be_v of_o man_n make_v only_o in_o order_n to_o name_v no_o such_o species_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o or_o suppose_v to_o be_v unless_o a_o name_n be_v join_v to_o it_o as_o the_o sign_n of_o man_n have_v combine_v into_o one_o idea_n several_a loose_a one_o and_o by_o that_o name_n give_v a_o last_a union_n to_o the_o part_n which_o will_v otherwise_o cease_v to_o have_v any_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o mind_n lay_v by_o that_o abstract_n idea_n and_o cease_v actual_o to_o think_v on_o it_o but_o when_o a_o name_n be_v once_o annex_v to_o it_o wherein_o the_o part_n of_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n have_v a_o settle_a and_o permanent_a union_n then_o be_v the_o essence_n as_o it_o be_v establish_v and_o the_o species_n look_v on_o as_o complete_a for_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o memory_n charge_v itself_o with_o such_o composition_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o abstraction_n to_o make_v they_o general_a and_o to_o what_o purpose_n make_v they_o general_a unless_o it_o be_v that_o they_o may_v have_v general_a name_n for_o the_o convenience_n
of_o discourse_n and_o communication_n thus_o we_o see_v that_o kill_v a_o man_n with_o a_o sword_n or_o a_o hatchet_n be_v look_v on_o as_o no_o distinct_a species_n of_o action_n but_o if_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sword_n first_o enter_v the_o body_n it_o pass_v for_o a_o distinct_a species_n where_o it_o have_v a_o distinct_a name_n as_o in_o england_n in_o who_o language_n it_o be_v call_v stab_v but_o in_o another_o country_n where_o it_o have_v not_o happen_v to_o be_v specify_v under_o a_o peculiar_a name_n it_o pass_v not_o for_o a_o distinct_a species_n but_o in_o the_o species_n of_o corporeal_a substance_n though_o it_o be_v the_o mind_n that_o make_v the_o nominal_a essence_n yet_o since_o those_o idea_n which_o be_v combine_v in_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o union_n in_o nature_n whether_o the_o mind_n join_v they_o or_o no_o therefore_o those_o be_v look_v on_o as_o distinct_a species_n without_o any_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n either_o abstract_n or_o give_v a_o name_n to_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n §_o 12._o conformable_a also_o to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n that_o they_o be_v the_o creature_n of_o the_o understanding_n rather_o than_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n conformable_a i_o say_v to_o this_o we_o find_v that_o their_o name_n lead_v our_o thought_n to_o the_o mind_n and_o no_o far_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o justice_n or_o gratitude_n we_o frame_v to_o ourselves_o no_o imagination_n of_o any_o thing_n exist_v which_o we_o will_v conceive_v but_o our_o thought_n terminate_v in_o the_o abstract_n idea_n of_o those_o virtue_n and_o look_v not_o far_o as_o they_o do_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o a_o horse_n or_o iron_n who_o specific_a idea_n we_o consider_v not_o as_o bare_o in_o the_o mind_n but_o as_o in_o thing_n themselves_o which_o afford_v the_o original_a pattern_n of_o those_o idea_n but_o in_o mix_a modes_n at_o least_o the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o they_o which_o be_v moral_a being_n we_o consider_v the_o original_a pattern_n as_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o to_o those_o we_o refer_v for_o the_o distinguish_n of_o particular_a being_n under_o name_n and_o hence_o i_o think_v it_o be_v that_o these_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v by_o a_o more_o particular_a name_n call_v notion_n as_o by_o a_o peculiar_a right_n appertain_v to_o the_o understanding_n §_o 13._o this_o also_o show_v we_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v common_o more_o compound_v and_o decompound_v than_o those_o of_o natural_a substance_n because_o they_o be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o understanding_n pursue_v only_o its_o own_o end_n and_o the_o conveniency_n of_o express_v in_o short_a those_o idea_n it_o will_v make_v know_v to_o another_o do_v with_o great_a liberty_n unite_v often_o into_o one_o abstract_a idea_n thing_n that_o in_o their_o nature_n have_v no_o coherence_n and_o so_o under_o one_o term_n bundle_n together_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o compound_a and_o decompound_v idea_n thus_o the_o name_n of_o procession_n what_o a_o great_a mixture_n of_o independent_a idea_n of_o person_n habit_n taper_n order_n motion_n sound_n do_v it_o contain_v in_o that_o complex_fw-la one_o which_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n have_v arbitrary_o put_v together_o to_o express_v by_o that_o one_o name_n whereas_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o substance_n be_v usual_o make_v up_o of_o only_a a_o small_a number_n of_o simple_a one_o and_o in_o the_o species_n of_o animal_n those_o two_o viz._n shape_n and_o voice_n common_o make_v the_o whole_a nominal_a essence_n §_o 14._o another_o thing_n we_o may_v observe_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v be_v that_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n always_o signify_v when_o they_o have_v any_o distinct_a signification_n the_o real_a essence_n of_o their_o species_n for_o these_o abstract_n idea_n be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o not_o refer_v to_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n there_o be_v no_o supposition_n of_o any_o thing_n more_o signify_v by_o that_o name_n but_o bare_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o mind_n itself_o have_v form_v which_o be_v all_o it_o will_v have_v express_v by_o it_o and_o be_v that_o on_o which_o all_o the_o property_n of_o the_o species_n depend_v and_o from_o which_o alone_o they_o all_o flow_v and_o so_o in_o these_o the_o real_a and_o nominal_a essence_n be_v the_o same_o which_o of_o what_o concernment_n it_o be_v to_o the_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o general_a truth_n we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o §_o 15._o this_o also_o may_v show_v we_o the_o reason_n why_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v get_v before_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v perfect_o know_v because_o there_o be_v no_o species_n of_o these_o ordinary_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o what_o have_v name_n and_o those_o species_n or_o rather_o their_o essence_n be_v abstract_a complex_fw-la idea_n make_v arbitrary_o by_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v convenient_a if_o not_o necessary_a to_o know_v the_o name_n before_o one_o endeavour_n to_o frame_v these_o complex_fw-la idea_n unless_o a_o man_n will_v fill_v his_o head_n with_o a_o company_n of_o abstract_n complex_fw-la idea_n which_o other_o have_v no_o name_n for_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o but_o to_o lay_v by_o and_o forget_v again_o i_o confess_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o language_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v the_o idea_n before_o one_o give_v it_o the_o name_n and_o so_o it_o be_v still_o where_o make_v a_o new_a complex_fw-la idea_n one_o also_o by_o give_v it_o a_o new_a name_n make_v a_o new_a word_n but_o this_o concern_v not_o language_n make_v which_o have_v general_o pretty_a well_o provide_v for_o idea_n which_o man_n have_v frequent_a occasion_n to_o have_v and_o communicate_v and_o in_o such_o i_o ask_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o the_o ordinary_a method_n that_o child_n learn_v the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n before_o they_o have_v their_o idea_n what_o one_o of_o a_o thousand_o ever_o frame_v the_o abstract_n idea_n of_o glory_n or_o ambition_n before_o he_o have_v hear_v the_o name_n of_o they_o in_o simple_a idea_n and_o substance_n i_o confess_v it_o be_v otherwise_o which_o be_v such_o idea_n as_o have_v a_o real_a existence_n and_o union_n in_o nature_n the_o idea_n or_o name_n be_v get_v one_o before_o the_o other_o as_o it_o happen_v what_o have_v be_v say_v here_o of_o mix_a modes_n be_v with_o very_o little_a difference_n applicable_a also_o to_o relation_n which_o since_o every_o man_n himself_o may_v observe_v i_o may_v spare_v myself_o the_o pain_n to_o enlarge_v on_o especial_o since_o what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v concern_v word_n in_o this_o three_o book_n will_v possible_o be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o be_v much_o more_o than_o what_o so_o slight_a a_o subject_a require_v i_o allow_v it_o may_v be_v bring_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n but_o i_o be_v willing_a to_o stay_v my_o reader_n on_o a_o argument_n that_o appear_v to_o i_o new_a and_o a_o little_a out_o of_o the_o way_n i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v one_o i_o think_v not_o of_o when_o i_o begin_v to_o write_v that_o by_o search_v it_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o turn_v it_o on_o every_o side_n some_o part_n or_o other_o may_v meet_v with_o every_o one_o thought_n and_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o most_o averse_a or_o negligent_a to_o reflect_v on_o a_o general_a miscarriage_n which_o though_o of_o great_a consequence_n be_v little_o take_v notice_n of_o when_o it_o be_v consider_v what_o a_o pother_n be_v make_v about_o essence_n and_o how_o much_o all_o sort_n of_o knowledge_n discourse_n and_o conversation_n be_v pester_v and_o disorder_v by_o the_o careless_a and_o confuse_a use_n and_o application_n of_o word_n it_o will_v perhaps_o be_v think_v worth_n while_o thorough_o to_o lay_v it_o open_a and_o i_o shall_v be_v pardon_v if_o i_o have_v dwell_v long_o on_o a_o argument_n which_o i_o think_v therefore_o needs_o to_o be_v inculcate_v because_o the_o fault_n man_n be_v usual_o guilty_a of_o in_o this_o kind_n be_v not_o only_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o true_a knowledge_n but_o be_v so_o well_o think_v of_o as_o to_o pass_v for_o it_o man_n will_v often_o see_v what_o a_o small_a pittance_n of_o reason_n and_o truth_n or_o possible_o none_o at_o all_o be_v mix_v with_o those_o huff_a opinion_n they_o be_v swell_v with_o if_o they_o will_v but_o look_v beyond_o fashionable_a sound_n and_o observe_v what_o idea_n be_v or_o be_v not_o comprehend_v under_o those_o word_n with_o which_o they_o be_v so_o arm_v at_o all_o point_n and_o with_o which_o they_o so_o confident_o lay_v about_o they_o i_o shall_v imagine_v i_o
the_o school_n have_v introduce_v animalitas_fw-la humanitas_fw-la corporietas_fw-la and_o some_o other_o yet_o they_o hold_v no_o proportion_n with_o that_o infinite_a number_n of_o name_n of_o substance_n to_o which_o they_o never_o be_v ridiculous_a enough_o to_o attempt_v the_o coin_n of_o abstract_a one_o and_o those_o few_o that_o the_o school_n forge_v and_o put_v into_o the_o mouth_n of_o their_o scholar_n can_v never_o yet_o get_v admittance_n into_o common_a use_n or_o obtain_v the_o licence_n of_o public_a approbation_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o at_o least_o to_o intimate_v the_o confession_n of_o all_o mankind_n that_o they_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o substance_n since_o they_o have_v not_o name_n for_o such_o idea_n which_o no_o doubt_n they_o will_v have_v have_v have_v not_o their_o consciousness_n to_o themselves_o of_o their_o ignorance_n of_o they_o keep_v they_o from_o so_o idle_a a_o attempt_n and_o therefore_o though_o they_o have_v idea_n enough_o to_o distinguish_v gold_n from_o a_o stone_n and_o metal_n from_o wood_n yet_o they_o but_o timerous_o venture_v on_o such_o term_n as_o aurietas_n and_o saxietas_fw-la metallietas_fw-la and_o lignietas_fw-la or_o the_o like_a name_n which_o shall_v pretend_v to_o signify_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o those_o substance_n whereof_o they_o know_v they_o have_v no_o idea_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v only_o the_o doctrine_n of_o substantial_a form_n and_o the_o confidence_n of_o shameless_a pretender_n to_o a_o knowledge_n that_o they_o have_v not_o which_o first_o coin_v and_o then_o introduce_v animalitas_fw-la and_o humanitas_fw-la and_o the_o like_a which_o yet_o go_v very_o little_o far_o than_o their_o own_o school_n and_o can_v never_o get_v to_o be_v current_n among_o understanding_n men._n indeed_o humanitas_fw-la be_v a_o word_n familiar_a among_o the_o roman_n but_o in_o a_o far_o different_a sense_n and_o stand_v not_o for_o the_o abstract_n essence_n of_o any_o substance_n but_o be_v the_o abstract_n name_n of_o a_o mode_n and_o its_o concrete_a humanus_fw-la not_o homo_fw-la chap._n ix_o of_o the_o imperfection_n of_o word_n §_o 1._o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o perceive_v what_o imperfection_n there_o be_v in_o language_n and_o how_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o word_n make_v it_o almost_o unavoidable_a for_o many_o of_o they_o to_o be_v doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a in_o their_o signification_n to_o examine_v the_o perfection_n or_o imperfection_n of_o word_n it_o be_v necessary_a first_o to_o consider_v their_o use_n and_o end_n for_o as_o they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o fit_v to_o attain_v that_o so_o be_v they_o more_o or_o less_o perfect_a we_o have_v in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o this_o discourse_n often_o upon_o occasion_n mention_v a_o double_a use_n of_o word_n first_o one_o for_o the_o record_v of_o our_o own_o thought_n second_o the_o other_o for_o the_o communicate_v of_o our_o thought_n to_o other_o §_o 2._o as_o to_o the_o first_o of_o these_o for_o the_o record_v our_o own_o thought_n for_o the_o help_n of_o our_o own_o memory_n whereby_o as_o it_o be_v we_o talk_v to_o ourselves_o any_o word_n will_v serve_v the_o turn_n for_o since_o sound_n be_v voluntary_a and_o indifferent_a sign_n of_o any_o idea_n a_o man_n may_v use_v what_o word_n he_o please_v to_o signify_v his_o own_o idea_n to_o himself_o and_o there_o will_v be_v no_o imperfection_n in_o they_o if_o he_o constant_o use_v the_o same_o sign_n for_o the_o same_o idea_n for_o than_o he_o can_v fail_v of_o have_v his_o meaning_n understand_v wherein_o consist_v the_o right_a use_n and_o perfection_n of_o language_n §_o 3._o second_o as_o to_o communication_n by_o word_n that_o too_o have_v a_o double_a use_n i._o civil_a ii_o philosophical_a first_o by_o their_o civil_a use_n i_o mean_v such_o a_o communication_n of_o thought_n and_o idea_n by_o word_n as_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o uphold_v common_a conversation_n and_o commerce_n about_o the_o ordinary_a affair_n and_o conveniency_n of_o civil_a life_n in_o the_o society_n of_o man_n one_o among_o another_o second_o by_o the_o philosophical_a use_n of_o word_n i_o mean_v such_o a_o use_n of_o they_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o convey_v the_o precise_a notion_n of_o thing_n and_o to_o express_v in_o general_a proposition_n certain_a and_o undoubted_a truth_n which_o the_o mind_n may_v rest_v upon_o and_o be_v satisfy_v with_o in_o its_o search_n after_o true_a knowledge_n these_o two_o uses_n be_v very_o distinct_a and_o a_o great_a deal_n less_o exactness_n will_v serve_v in_o the_o one_o than_o in_o the_o other_o as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o what_o follow_v §_o 4._o the_o chief_a end_n of_o language_n in_o communication_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v word_n serve_v not_o well_o for_o that_o end_n neither_o in_o civil_a nor_o philosophical_a discourse_n when_o any_o word_n do_v not_o excite_v in_o the_o hearer_n the_o same_o idea_n which_o it_o stand_v for_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n now_o since_o sound_n have_v no_o natural_a connexion_n with_o our_o idea_n but_o have_v all_o their_o signification_n from_o the_o arbitrary_a imposition_n of_o man_n the_o doubtfulness_n and_o uncertainty_n of_o their_o signification_n which_o be_v the_o imperfection_n we_o here_o be_v speak_v of_o have_v its_o cause_n more_o in_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o than_o in_o any_o incapacity_n there_o be_v in_o one_o sound_v more_o than_o in_o another_o to_o signify_v any_o idea_n for_o in_o that_o regard_n they_o be_v all_o equal_o perfect_a that_o than_o which_o make_v doubtfulness_n and_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o signification_n of_o some_o word_n more_o than_o other_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o §_o 5._o word_n have_v natural_o no_o signification_n the_o idea_n which_o each_o stand_v for_o must_v be_v learned_a and_o retain_v by_o those_o who_o will_v exchange_v thought_n and_o hold_v intelligible_a discourse_n with_o other_o in_o any_o language_n but_o this_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v do_v where_o first_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v very_o complex_fw-la and_o make_v up_o of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o idea_n put_v together_o second_o where_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o have_v no_o certain_a connexion_n in_o nature_n and_o so_o no_o settle_a standard_n any_o where_o in_o nature_n exist_v to_o rectify_v and_o adjust_a they_o by_o three_o where_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n be_v refer_v to_o a_o standard_n which_o standard_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v four_o where_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n and_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o exact_o the_o same_o these_o be_v difficulty_n that_o attend_v the_o signification_n of_o several_a word_n that_o be_v intelligible_a those_o which_o be_v not_o intelligible_a at_o all_o such_o as_o name_n stand_v for_o any_o simple_a idea_n which_o another_o have_v not_o organ_n or_o faculty_n to_o attain_v as_o the_o name_n of_o colour_n to_o a_o blind_a man_n or_o sound_v to_o a_o deaf_a man_n need_v not_o here_o be_v mention_v in_o all_o these_o case_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o imperfection_n in_o word_n which_o i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a explain_v in_o their_o particular_a application_n to_o our_o several_a sort_n of_o idea_n for_o if_o we_o examine_v they_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v most_o liable_a to_o doubtfulness_n and_o imperfection_n for_o the_o two_o first_o of_o these_o reason_n and_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n chief_o for_o the_o two_o latter_a §_o 6._o first_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v many_o of_o they_o liable_a to_o great_a uncertainty_n and_o obscurity_n in_o their_o signification_n i._o because_o of_o that_o great_a composition_n these_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v often_o make_v up_o of_o to_o make_v word_n serviceable_a to_o the_o end_n of_o communication_n be_v necessary_a as_o have_v be_v say_v that_o they_o excite_v in_o the_o hearer_n exact_o the_o same_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n without_o this_o man_n fill_v one_o another_o head_n with_o noise_n and_o sound_n but_o convey_v not_o thereby_o their_o thought_n and_o lay_v not_o before_o one_o another_o their_o idea_n which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o discourse_n and_o language_n but_o when_o a_o word_n stand_v for_o a_o very_a complex_fw-la idea_n that_o be_v compound_v and_o decompound_v it_o be_v not_o easy_a for_o man_n to_o form_n and_o retain_v that_o idea_n so_o exact_o as_o to_o make_v the_o name_n in_o common_a use_n stand_v for_o the_o same_o precise_a idea_n without_o any_o the_o least_o variation_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n name_n of_o very_a compound_n ideas_n such_o as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v moral_a word_n have_v seldom_o in_o two_o different_a man_n
distinct_a in_o their_o signification_n than_o natural_o they_o need_v to_o be_v §_o 2._o first_o in_o this_o kind_n the_o first_o and_o most_o palpable_a abuse_n be_v the_o use_n of_o word_n without_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n or_o which_o be_v worse_o sign_n without_o any_o thing_n signify_v of_o these_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n i._n one_o may_v observe_v in_o all_o language_n certain_a word_n that_o if_o they_o be_v examine_v will_v be_v find_v in_o their_o first_o original_a and_o their_o appropriate_v use_v not_o to_o stand_v for_o any_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o several_a sect_n of_o philosophy_n and_o religion_n have_v introduce_v for_o their_o author_n or_o promoter_n either_o affect_v something_o singular_a and_o out_o of_o the_o way_n of_o common_a apprehension_n or_o to_o support_v some_o strange_a opinion_n or_o cover_v some_o weakness_n of_o their_o hypothesis_n seldom_o fail_v to_o coin_v new_a word_n and_o such_o as_o when_o they_o come_v to_o be_v examine_v may_v just_o be_v call_v insignificant_a term_n for_o have_v either_o have_v no_o determinable_a collection_n of_o idea_n annex_v to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v first_o invent_v or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o if_o well_o examine_v will_v be_v find_v inconsistent_a it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o afterward_o in_o the_o vulgar_a use_n of_o the_o same_o party_n they_o remain_v empty_a sound_n with_o little_a or_o no_o signification_n among_o those_o who_o think_v it_o enough_o to_o have_v they_o often_o in_o their_o mouth_n as_o the_o distinguish_a character_n of_o their_o church_n or_o school_n without_o much_o trouble_v their_o head_n to_o examine_v what_o be_v the_o precise_a idea_n they_o stand_v for_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v here_o to_o heap_v up_o instance_n every_o one_o read_v and_o conversation_n will_v sufficient_o furnish_v he_o or_o if_o he_o want_v to_o be_v better_o store_v the_o great_a mint-master_n of_o these_o kind_n of_o term_n i_o mean_v the_o schoolman_n and_o metaphysician_n under_o which_o i_o think_v the_o dispute_v natural_a and_o moral_a philosopher_n of_o these_o latter_a age_n may_v be_v comprehend_v have_v wherewithal_o abundant_o to_o content_v he_o §_o 3._o ii_o other_o there_o be_v who_o extend_v this_o abuse_n yet_o far_o who_o take_v so_o little_a careâ—_n to_o lay_v by_o word_n which_o in_o their_o primary_n notation_n have_v scarce_o any_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n they_o be_v annex_v to_o that_o by_o a_o unpardonable_a negligence_n they_o familiar_o use_v word_n which_o the_o propriety_n of_o language_n have_v affix_v to_o very_o important_a idea_n they_o use_v they_o i_o say_v without_o any_o distinct_a meaning_n at_o all_o wisdom_n glory_n grace_n etc._n etc._n be_v word_n frequent_a enough_o in_o every_o man_n mouth_n but_o if_o a_o great_a many_o of_o those_o who_o use_v they_o shall_v be_v ask_v what_o they_o mean_v by_o they_o they_o will_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n and_o not_o know_v what_o to_o answer_v a_o plain_a proof_n that_o though_o they_o have_v learn_v those_o sound_n and_o have_v they_o ready_a at_o their_o tongue_n end_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n lay_v up_o in_o their_o mind_n which_o be_v to_o be_v express_v to_o other_o by_o they_o §_o 4._o man_n have_v be_v accustom_v from_o their_o cradle_n to_o learn_v word_n which_o be_v easy_o get_v and_o retain_v before_o they_o know_v or_o have_v frame_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o they_o be_v annex_v or_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o thing_n they_o be_v think_v to_o stand_v for_o they_o usual_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o all_o their_o life_n and_o without_o take_v the_o pain_n necessary_a to_o settle_v in_o their_o mind_n clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n they_o use_v their_o word_n for_o such_o unsteady_a and_o confuse_a notion_n as_o they_o have_v content_v themselves_o with_o the_o same_o word_n other_o people_n use_v as_o if_o their_o very_a sound_n necessary_o carry_v with_o it_o constant_o the_o same_o meaning_n this_o though_o man_n make_v a_o shift_n with_o in_o their_o ordinary_a occurrence_n of_o liâ—e_z where_o they_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o be_v understand_v and_o therefore_o they_o make_v sign_n till_o they_o be_v so_o yet_o this_o insignificancy_n in_o their_o word_n when_o they_o come_v to_o reason_n concern_v either_o their_o tenant_n or_o interest_n manifest_o fill_v their_o discourse_n with_o abundance_n of_o empty_a unintelligible_a noise_n and_o jargon_fw-la especial_o in_o moral_a matter_n where_o the_o word_n for_o the_o most_o part_n stand_v â—or_a arbitrary_a and_o numerous_a collection_n of_o idea_n not_o regular_o and_o permanent_o unite_v in_o nature_n their_o bare_a sound_n be_v often_o only_o think_v on_o or_o at_o least_o very_a obscure_a and_o uncertain_a notion_n annex_v to_o themâ—_n man_n take_v the_o word_n they_o find_v in_o use_n among_o their_o neighbour_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o seem_v ignorant_a what_o they_o stand_v for_o use_v they_o confident_o without_o much_o trouble_v their_o head_n about_o a_o certain_a fix_a meaning_n whereby_o beside_o the_o ease_n of_o it_o they_o obtain_v this_o advantage_n that_o as_o in_o such_o discourse_n they_o seldom_o be_v in_o the_o right_n so_o they_o be_v as_o seldom_o to_o be_v convince_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o go_v about_o to_o draw_v those_o man_n out_o of_o their_o mistake_v who_o have_v no_o settle_a notion_n as_o to_o dispossess_v a_o vagrant_a of_o his_o habitation_n who_o have_v no_o settle_a abode_n this_o i_o guess_v to_o be_v so_o and_o every_o one_o may_v observe_v in_o himself_o and_o other_o whether_o it_o be_v or_o no._n §_o 5._o second_o another_o great_a abuse_n of_o word_n be_v inconstancy_n in_o the_o use_n of_o they_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o find_v a_o discourse_n write_v of_o any_o subject_a especial_o of_o controversy_n wherein_o one_o shall_v not_o observe_v if_o he_o read_v with_o attention_n the_o same_o word_n and_o those_o common_o the_o most_o material_a in_o the_o discourse_n and_o upon_o which_o the_o argument_n turn_v use_v sometime_o for_o one_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o sometime_o for_o another_o which_o be_v a_o perfect_a abuse_n of_o language_n word_n be_v intend_v for_o sign_n of_o my_o idea_n to_o make_v they_o know_v to_o other_o not_o by_o any_o natural_a signification_n but_o by_o a_o voluntary_a imposition_n it_o be_v plain_a cheat_n and_o abuse_v when_o i_o make_v they_o stand_v sometime_o for_o one_o thing_n and_o sometime_o for_o another_o the_o wilful_a do_v whereof_o can_v be_v impute_v to_o nothing_o but_o great_a folly_n or_o great_a dishonesty_n and_o a_o man_n in_o his_o account_n with_o another_o may_v with_o as_o much_o fairness_n make_v the_o character_n of_o number_n stand_v sometime_o for_o one_o and_o sometime_o for_o another_o collection_n of_o unite_v v_o g._n this_o character_n 3_o stand_v sometime_o for_o three_o sometime_o for_o four_o and_o sometime_o for_o eight_o as_o in_o his_o discourse_n or_o reason_v make_v the_o same_o word_n stand_v for_o different_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n if_o man_n shall_v do_v so_o in_o their_o reckon_n i_o wonder_v who_o will_v have_v to_o do_v with_o they_o one_o who_o shall_v speak_v thus_o in_o the_o affair_n and_o business_n in_o the_o world_n and_o call_v 8_o sometime_o seven_o sometime_o nine_o as_o best_a serve_v his_o advantage_n will_v present_o have_v clap_v upon_o he_o one_o of_o the_o two_o name_n man_n constant_o be_v disgu_v with_o and_o yet_o in_o arguing_n and_o learned_a contest_v the_o same_o sort_n of_o proceed_v pass_v common_o for_o wit_n and_o learning_n but_o yet_o to_o i_o it_o appear_v a_o great_a dishonesty_n than_o the_o misplace_n of_o counter_n in_o the_o cast_n up_o a_o debt_n and_o the_o cheat_v the_o great_a by_o how_o much_o truth_n be_v of_o great_a concernment_n and_o value_n than_o money_n §_o 6._o three_o another_o abuse_n of_o language_n be_v a_o affect_a obscurity_n by_o either_o apply_v old_a word_n to_o new_a and_o unusual_a signification_n or_o introduce_v new_a and_o ambiguous_a term_n without_o define_v either_o or_o else_o put_v they_o so_o together_o as_o may_v confound_v their_o ordinary_a meaning_n though_o the_o peripatetic_a philosophy_n have_v be_v most_o eminent_a in_o this_o way_n yet_o other_o sect_n have_v not_o be_v whole_o clear_a of_o it_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o of_o they_o that_o be_v not_o cumber_v with_o some_o difficulty_n such_o be_v the_o imperfection_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n which_o they_o have_v be_v fain_o to_o cover_v with_o obscurity_n of_o term_n and_o to_o confound_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n which_o like_o a_o mist_n before_o people_n eye_n may_v hinder_v their_o weak_a part_n from_o be_v discover_v that_o body_n and_o extension_n
in_o common_a use_n stand_v for_o two_o distinct_a idea_n be_v plain_a to_o any_o one_o that_o will_v but_o reflect_v a_o little_a for_o be_v their_o signification_n precise_o the_o same_o it_o will_v be_v as_o proper_a and_o as_o intelligible_a to_o say_v the_o body_n of_o a_o extension_n as_o the_o extension_n of_o a_o body_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v those_o who_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o confound_v their_o signification_n to_o this_o abuse_n and_o the_o mischief_n of_o confound_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n logic_n and_o the_o liberal_a science_n as_o they_o have_v be_v handle_v in_o the_o school_n have_v give_v reputation_n and_o the_o admire_a art_n of_o dispute_v have_v add_v much_o to_o the_o natural_a imperfection_n of_o language_n whilst_o it_o have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o fit_v to_o perplex_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n more_o than_o to_o discover_v the_o knowledge_n and_o truth_n of_o thing_n and_o he_o that_o will_v look_v into_o that_o sort_n of_o learned_a write_n will_v find_v the_o word_n there_o much_o more_o obscure_a uncertain_a and_o undetermined_a in_o their_o mean_v than_o they_o be_v in_o ordinary_a conversation_n §_o 7._o this_o be_v unavoidable_o to_o be_v so_o where_o man_n part_n and_o learning_n be_v estimate_v by_o their_o skill_n in_o dispute_v and_o if_o reputation_n and_o reward_n shall_v attend_v these_o conquest_n which_o depend_v most_o on_o the_o fineness_n and_o nicety_n of_o word_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n so_o employ_v shall_v perplex_v involve_v and_o subtilise_v the_o signification_n of_o sound_n so_o as_o never_o to_o want_v something_o to_o say_v in_o oppose_v or_o defend_v any_o question_n the_o victory_n be_v adjust_v not_o to_o he_o who_o have_v truth_n on_o his_o side_n but_o the_o last_o word_n in_o the_o dispute_n §_o 8._o this_o though_o a_o very_a useless_a skill_n and_o that_o which_o i_o think_v the_o direct_a opposite_a to_o the_o way_n of_o knowledge_n have_v yet_o pass_v hitherto_o under_o the_o laudable_a and_o esteem_a name_n of_o subtlety_n and_o acuteness_n and_o have_v have_v the_o applause_n of_o the_o school_n and_o encouragement_n of_o one_o part_n of_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o the_o world_n and_o no_o wonder_n since_o the_o philosopher_n of_o old_a the_o dispute_v and_o wrangle_v philosopher_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o lucian_n witty_o and_o with_o reason_n tax_n and_o the_o schoolman_n since_o aim_v at_o glory_n and_o esteem_n for_o their_o great_a and_o universal_a knowledge_n easy_a a_o great_a deal_n to_o be_v pretend_v to_o than_o real_o acquire_v find_v this_o a_o good_a expedient_a to_o cover_v their_o ignorance_n with_o a_o curious_a and_o unexplicable_a web_n of_o perplex_a word_n and_o procure_v to_o themselves_o the_o admiration_n of_o other_o by_o unintelligible_a term_n the_o apt_a to_o produce_v wonder_n because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v understand_v whilst_o it_o appear_v in_o all_o history_n that_o these_o profound_a doctor_n be_v no_o wise_a nor_o more_o useful_a than_o their_o neighbour_n and_o bring_v but_o small_a advantage_n to_o (null)_o life_n or_o the_o society_n wherein_o they_o livedâ—_n unless_o the_o coin_n of_o new_a word_n where_o they_o produce_v no_o new_a thing_n to_o apply_v they_o to_o or_o the_o perplex_v or_o obscure_v the_o signification_n of_o old_a on_a and_o so_o bring_v all_o thing_n into_o question_n and_o dispute_v be_v a_o thing_n profitable_a to_o the_o life_n of_o man_n or_o worthy_a commendation_n and_o reward_n §_o 9_o for_o notwithstanding_o these_o learned_a disputant_n these_o all_o know_a doctor_n it_o be_v to_o the_o unscholastick_a statesman_n that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o world_n owe_v their_o peace_n defence_n and_o liberty_n and_o from_o the_o illiterate_a and_o contemn_a mechanic_n a_o name_n of_o disgrace_n that_o they_o receive_v the_o improvemnt_n of_o useful_a arts._n nevertheless_o this_o artificial_a ignorance_n and_o learned_a gibberish_n prevail_v mighty_o in_o these_o last_o age_n by_o the_o interest_n and_o artifice_n of_o those_o who_o find_v no_o easy_a way_n to_o that_o pitch_n of_o authority_n and_o dominion_n they_o have_v attain_v than_o by_o amuse_v the_o man_n of_o business_n and_o ignorant_a with_o hard_a word_n or_o employ_v the_o ingenious_a and_o idle_a in_o intricate_a dispute_n about_o unintelligible_a term_n and_o hold_v they_o perpetual_o entangle_v in_o that_o endless_a labyrinth_n beside_o there_o be_v no_o such_o way_n to_o gain_v admittance_n or_o give_v defence_n to_o strange_a and_o absurd_a doctrine_n as_o to_o guard_v they_o round_o about_o with_o legion_n of_o obscure_a doubtful_a and_o undefined_a word_n which_o yet_o make_v these_o retreat_n more_o like_o the_o den_n of_o robber_n or_o holes_n of_o fox_n than_o the_o fortress_n of_o fair_a warrior_n which_o if_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o get_v they_o out_o of_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o strength_n that_o be_v in_o they_o but_o the_o briar_n and_o thorn_n and_o the_o obscurity_n of_o the_o thicket_n they_o be_v beset_v with_o for_o untruth_n be_v unacceptable_a to_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n there_o be_v no_o other_o defence_n leave_v for_o absurdity_n but_o obscurity_n §_o 10._o thus_o learned_a ignorance_n and_o this_o art_n of_o keep_v even_o inquisitive_a man_n from_o true_a knowledge_n have_v be_v propagate_v in_o the_o world_n and_o have_v much_o perplex_v whilst_o it_o pretend_v to_o inform_v the_o understanding_n for_o we_o see_v that_o other_o well-meaning_a and_o wise_a man_n who_o education_n and_o part_n have_v not_o attain_v that_o accuteness_n can_v intelligible_o express_v themselves_o to_o one_o another_o and_o in_o its_o plain_a use_n make_v a_o benefit_n of_o language_n but_o though_o unlearned_a man_n well_o enough_o understand_v the_o word_n white_a and_o black_a etc._n etc._n and_o have_v constant_a notion_n of_o the_o idea_n signify_v by_o those_o word_n yet_o there_o be_v philosopher_n find_v who_o have_v learning_n and_o subtlety_n enough_o to_o prove_v that_o snow_n be_v black_a i._n e._n to_o prove_v that_o white_n be_v black_a whereby_o they_o have_v the_o advantage_n to_o destroy_v the_o instrument_n and_o mean_n of_o discourse_n conversation_n instruction_n and_o society_n whilst_o with_o great_a art_n and_o subtlety_n they_o do_v no_o more_o but_o perplex_v and_o confound_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o thereby_o render_v language_n less_o useful_a than_o the_o real_a defect_n of_o it_o have_v make_v it_o a_o gift_n which_o the_o illiterate_a have_v not_o attain_v to_o §_o 11._o these_o learned_a man_n do_v equal_o instruct_v man_n understanding_n and_o profit_v their_o life_n as_o he_o who_o shall_v alter_v the_o signification_n of_o know_a character_n and_o by_o a_o subtle_a device_n of_o learning_n far_o surpass_v the_o capacity_n of_o the_o illiterate_a dull_a and_o vulgar_a shall_v in_o his_o write_n show_v that_o he_o can_v put_v a._n for_o b._n and_o d._n for_o e._n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o no_o small_a admiration_n and_o benefit_n of_o his_o reader_n it_o be_v as_o senseless_a to_o put_v black_a which_o be_v a_o word_n agree_v on_o to_o stand_v for_o one_o sensible_a idea_n to_o put_v it_o i_o say_v for_o another_o or_o the_o contrary_a idea_n i._n e._n to_o call_v snow_n black_a as_o to_o put_v this_o mark_n a._n which_o be_v a_o character_n agree_v on_o to_o stand_v for_o one_o modification_n of_o sound_n make_v by_o a_o certain_a motion_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o speech_n for_o b._n which_o be_v agree_v on_o to_o stand_v for_o another_o modification_n of_o sound_n make_v by_o another_o certain_a motion_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o speech_n §_o 12._o nor_o have_v this_o mischief_n stop_v in_o logical_a nicety_n or_o curious_a empty_a speculation_n it_o have_v invade_v the_o great_a concernment_n of_o (null)_o life_n and_o society_n obscure_v and_o perplex_v the_o material_a truth_n of_o law_n and_o divinity_n bring_v confusion_n disorder_n and_o uncertainty_n into_o the_o affair_n of_o mankind_n and_o if_o not_o destroy_v yet_o in_o great_a measure_n render_v useless_a those_o two_o great_a rule_n religion_n and_o justice_n what_o have_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o comment_n and_o dispute_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n serve_v for_o but_o to_o make_v the_o meaning_n more_o doubtful_a and_o perplex_v the_o sense_n what_o have_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o those_o multiply_v curious_a distinction_n and_o acute_a nicety_n but_o obscurity_n and_o uncertainty_n leave_v the_o word_n more_o unintelligible_a and_o the_o reader_n more_o at_o a_o loss_n how_o else_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o prince_n speak_v or_o write_v to_o their_o servant_n in_o their_o ordinary_a command_n be_v easy_o understand_v speak_v to_o their_o people_n in_o their_o law_n be_v not_o so_o and_o as_o i_o remark_v before_o do_v it_o not_o often_o happen_v that_o a_o man_n of_o a_o ordinary_a
capacity_n very_o well_o understand_v a_o text_n or_o a_o law_n that_o he_o read_v till_o he_o consult_v a_o expositor_n or_o go_v to_o council_n who_o by_o that_o time_n he_o have_v do_v explain_v they_o make_v the_o word_n signify_v either_o nothing_o at_o all_o or_o what_o he_o please_v §_o 13._o whether_o any_o by_o interest_n of_o these_o profession_n have_v occasion_v this_o i_o will_v not_o here_o examine_v but_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v consider_v whether_o it_o will_v not_o be_v well_o for_o mankind_n who_o concernment_n it_o be_v to_o know_v thing_n as_o they_o be_v and_o to_o do_v what_o they_o ought_v and_o not_o to_o spend_v their_o life_n in_o talk_v about_o they_o or_o toss_v word_n to_o and_o fro_o whether_o it_o will_v not_o be_v well_o i_o say_v that_o the_o use_v of_o word_n be_v make_v plain_a and_o direct_v and_o that_o language_n which_o be_v give_v we_o for_o the_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n and_o bond_n of_o society_n shall_v not_o be_v employ_v to_o darken_v truth_n and_o unsettle_v people_n right_n to_o raise_v mist_n and_o render_v unintelligible_a both_o morality_n and_o religion_n or_o that_o at_o least_o if_o this_o will_v happen_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v think_v learning_n or_o knowledge_n to_o do_v so_o §_o 14._o four_o another_o great_a abuse_n of_o word_n be_v the_o take_v they_o for_o thing_n this_o though_o it_o in_o some_o degree_n concern_v all_o name_n in_o general_a yet_o more_o particular_o affect_v those_o of_o substance_n and_o to_o this_o abuse_n these_o man_n be_v most_o subject_a who_o confine_v their_o thought_n to_o any_o one_o system_fw-la and_o give_v themselves_o up_o into_o a_o firm_a belief_n of_o the_o perfection_n of_o any_o receive_a hypothesis_n whereby_o they_o come_v to_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o term_n of_o that_o sect_n be_v so_o suit_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n that_o they_o perfect_o correspond_v with_o their_o real_a existence_n who_o be_v there_o that_o have_v be_v breed_v up_o in_o the_o peripatetic_a philosophy_n who_o do_v not_o think_v the_o ten_o name_n under_o which_o be_v rank_v the_o ten_o predicament_n to_o be_v exact_o conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n who_o be_v there_o of_o that_o school_n that_o be_v not_o persuade_v that_o substantial_a form_n vegetative_a soul_n abhorrence_n of_o a_o vacuum_n intentional_a species_n etc._n etc._n be_v something_o real_a these_o word_n man_n have_v learn_v from_o their_o very_a entrance_n upon_o knowledge_n and_o have_v find_v their_o master_n and_o system_n lay_v great_a stress_n upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v quit_v the_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o nature_n and_o be_v the_o representation_n of_o something_o that_o real_o exist_v the_o platonist_n have_v their_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o epicurean_o their_o endeavour_n towards_o motion_n in_o their_o atom_n when_o at_o rest_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o sect_n in_o philosophy_n have_v not_o a_o distinct_a set_v of_o term_n that_o other_o understand_v not_o but_o yet_o this_o gibberish_n which_o in_o the_o weakness_n of_o (null)_o understanding_n serve_v so_o well_o to_o palliate_v man_n ignorance_n and_o cover_v their_o error_n come_v by_o familiar_a use_n among_o those_o of_o the_o same_o tribe_n to_o seem_v the_o most_o important_a part_n of_o language_n and_o of_o all_o other_o the_o term_n the_o most_o significant_a and_o shall_v aërial_n and_o aetherial_a vehicles_n come_v once_o by_o the_o prevalency_n of_o that_o doctrine_n to_o be_v general_o receive_v any_o where_o no_o doubt_n those_o term_n will_v make_v impression_n on_o man_n mind_n so_o as_o to_o establish_v they_o in_o the_o persuasion_n of_o the_o reality_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o much_o as_o that_o peripatetic_a form_n have_v heretofore_o do_v §_o 15._o how_o much_o name_n take_v for_o thing_n be_v apt_a to_o mislead_v the_o understanding_n the_o attentive_a read_n of_o philosophical_a writer_n will_v abundant_o discover_v and_o that_o perhaps_o in_o word_n little_o suspect_v of_o any_o such_o misuse_n i_o shall_v instance_n in_o one_o only_a and_o that_o a_o very_a familiar_a one_o how_o many_o intricate_a dispute_n have_v there_o be_v about_o matter_n as_o if_o there_o be_v some_o such_o thing_n real_o in_o nature_n distinct_a from_o body_n as_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o word_n matter_n stand_v for_o a_o idea_n distinct_a from_o the_o idea_n of_o body_n for_o if_o the_o idea_n these_o two_o term_n stand_v for_o be_v precise_o the_o same_o they_o may_v indifferent_o in_o all_o place_n be_v put_v one_o for_o the_o other_o but_o we_o see_v that_o though_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o say_v there_o be_v one_o matter_n of_o all_o body_n one_o can_v say_v there_o be_v one_o body_n of_o all_o matter_n we_o familiar_o say_v one_o body_n be_v big_a than_o another_o but_o it_o sound_v harsh_a and_o i_o think_v be_v never_o use_v to_o say_v one_o matter_n be_v big_a than_o another_o whence_o come_v this_o then_o viz._n from_o hence_o that_o though_o matter_n and_o body_n be_v not_o real_o distinct_a but_o wherever_o there_o be_v one_o there_o be_v the_o other_o yet_o matter_n and_o body_n stand_v for_o two_o different_a conception_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v incomplete_a and_o but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o other_o for_o body_n stand_v for_o a_o solid_a extend_v figure_v substance_n whereof_o matter_n be_v but_o a_o partial_a and_o more_o confuse_a conception_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o substance_n and_o solidity_n of_o body_n without_o take_v in_o its_o extension_n and_o figure_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o speak_n of_o matter_n we_o speak_v of_o it_o always_o as_o one_o because_o in_o truth_n it_o express_o contain_v nothing_o but_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o solid_a substance_n which_o be_v every_o where_o the_o same_o every_o where_o uniform_a and_o therefore_o we_o no_o more_o conceive_v or_o speak_v of_o different_a matter_n in_o the_o world_n than_o we_o do_v of_o different_a solidity_n though_o we_o both_o conceive_v and_o speak_v of_o different_a body_n because_o extension_n and_o figure_n be_v capable_a of_o variation_n but_o since_o solidity_n can_v exist_v without_o extension_n and_o figure_n the_o take_a matter_n to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o something_o real_o exist_v under_o that_o precision_n have_v no_o doubt_n produce_v those_o obscure_a and_o unintelligible_a discourse_n and_o dispute_n which_o have_v fill_v the_o head_n and_o book_n of_o philosopher_n concern_v materia_fw-la prima_fw-la which_o imperfection_n or_o abuse_v how_o far_o it_o may_v concern_v a_o great_a many_o other_o general_a term_n i_o leave_v to_o be_v consider_v this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v at_o least_o say_v that_o we_o shall_v have_v a_o great_a many_o few_o dispute_n in_o the_o world_n if_o word_n be_v take_v for_o what_o they_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o our_o idea_n only_o and_o not_o for_o thing_n themselves_o for_o when_o we_o argue_v about_o matter_n or_o any_o the_o like_a term_n we_o true_o argue_v only_o about_o the_o idea_n we_o express_v by_o that_o sound_n whether_o that_o precise_a idea_n agree_v to_o any_o thing_n real_o exist_v in_o nature_n or_o no._n and_o if_o man_n will_v tell_v what_o idea_n they_o make_v their_o word_n stand_v for_o there_o can_v not_o be_v half_a that_o obscurity_n or_o wrangle_a in_o the_o search_n or_o support_v of_o truth_n that_o there_o be_v §_o 16._o but_o whatever_o inconvenience_n follow_v from_o this_o mistake_n of_o word_n this_o i_o be_o sure_a that_o by_o constant_a and_o familiar_a use_n they_o charm_v man_n into_o notion_n far_o remote_a from_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o persuade_v any_o one_o that_o the_o word_n which_o his_o father_n or_o schoolmaster_n the_o parson_n of_o the_o parish_n or_o such_o a_o revend_fw-mi doctor_n use_v signify_v nothing_o that_o real_o exi_v in_o nature_n which_o perhaps_o be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o cause_n that_o man_n be_v so_o hardly_o draw_v to_o quit_v their_o mistake_v even_o in_o opinion_n pure_o philosophical_a and_o where_o they_o have_v no_o other_o interest_n but_o truth_n for_o the_o word_n they_o have_v a_o long_a time_n be_v use_v to_o remain_v firm_a in_o their_o mind_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o the_o wrong_a notion_n annex_v to_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v remove_v §_o 17._o five_o another_o abuse_n of_o word_n be_v the_o set_v they_o in_o the_o place_n of_o thing_n which_o they_o do_v or_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n signify_v we_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o general_a name_n of_o substance_n whereof_o the_o nominal_a essence_n be_v only_o know_v to_o we_o when_o we_o put_v they_o into_o proposition_n and_o affirm_v or_o deny_v any_o thing_n about_o they_o we_o do_v most_o common_o tacit_o suppose_v or_o intend_v they_o shall_v stand_v
right_a construction_n of_o grammatical_a rule_n or_o the_o harmony_n of_o well_o turn_v period_n do_v yet_o amount_v to_o nothing_o but_o bare_a sound_n and_o nothing_o else_o §_o 27._o second_o he_o that_o have_v complex_fw-la ideas_n without_o particular_a name_n for_o they_o will_v be_v in_o no_o better_a a_o case_n than_o a_o bookseller_n who_o have_v in_o his_o warehouse_n volume_n that_o lay_v there_o unbound_v and_o without_o title_n which_o he_o can_v therefore_o make_v know_v to_o other_o only_o by_o show_v the_o loose_a sheet_n and_o communicate_v they_o only_o by_o tale._n this_o man_n be_v hinder_v in_o his_o discourse_n for_o want_v of_o word_n to_o communicate_v his_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o he_o be_v therefore_o force_v to_o make_v know_v by_o a_o enumeration_n of_o the_o simple_a one_o that_o compose_v they_o and_o so_o be_v say_v often_o to_o use_v twenty_o word_n to_o express_v what_o another_o man_n signify_v in_o one_o §_o 28._o three_o he_o that_o use_v not_o constant_o the_o same_o sign_n for_o the_o same_o idea_n but_o use_v the_o same_o word_n sometime_o in_o one_o and_o sometime_o in_o another_o signification_n aught_o to_o pass_v in_o the_o school_n and_o conversation_n for_o as_o fair_a a_o man_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o market_n and_o exchange_n who_o sell_v several_a thing_n under_o the_o same_o name_n §_o 29._o four_o he_o that_o apply_v the_o word_n of_o any_o language_n to_o idea_n different_a from_o those_o to_o which_o the_o common_a use_n of_o that_o country_n apply_v they_o however_o his_o own_o understanding_n may_v be_v fill_v with_o truth_n and_o light_n will_v not_o by_o such_o word_n be_v able_a to_o convey_v one_o jot_n of_o it_o to_o other_o without_o define_v for_o however_o the_o sound_n be_v such_o as_o be_v familiar_o know_v and_o easy_o enter_v the_o ear_n of_o those_o who_o be_v accustom_v to_o they_o yet_o stand_v for_o other_o idea_n than_o they_o usual_o make_v they_o the_o sign_n of_o they_o can_v make_v know_v his_o thought_n who_o use_v they_o §_o 30._o five_o he_o that_o have_v idea_n of_o substance_n which_o never_o exist_v nor_o have_v any_o correspondence_n with_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n to_o which_o he_o give_v settle_v and_o define_v name_n may_v fill_v his_o discourse_n and_o perhaps_o another_o man_n head_n with_o the_o fantastical_a imagination_n of_o his_o own_o brain_n but_o will_v be_v very_o far_o from_o advance_v thereby_o one_o jot_n in_o real_a and_o true_a knowledge_n §_o 31._o he_o that_o have_v name_n without_o idea_n want_v meaning_n in_o his_o word_n and_o speak_v only_o empty_a sound_n he_o that_o have_v complex_fw-la ideas_n without_o name_n for_o they_o want_v liberty_n and_o dispatch_v in_o his_o expression_n and_o be_v necessitate_v to_o use_v periphrasis_n he_o that_o use_v his_o word_n loose_o and_o unsteady_o will_v either_o be_v not_o mind_v or_o not_o understand_v he_o that_o apply_v his_o name_n to_o idea_n different_a from_o their_o common_a use_n want_v propriety_n in_o his_o language_n and_o speak_v gibberish_n and_o he_o that_o have_v idea_n of_o substance_n disagree_v with_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n so_o far_o want_v the_o material_n of_o true_a knowledge_n in_o his_o understanding_n and_o have_v instead_o thereof_o chimera_n §_o 32._o in_o our_o notion_n concern_v substance_n we_o be_v liable_a to_o all_o the_o former_a inconvenience_n v_o g._n 1._o he_o that_o use_v the_o word_n tarantula_n without_o have_v any_o imagination_n or_o idea_n of_o what_o it_o stand_v for_o pronounce_v a_o good_a word_n but_o so_o long_o mean_v nothing_o at_o all_o by_o it_o 2._o he_o that_o in_o a_o new-discovered_n country_n shall_v see_v several_a sort_n of_o animal_n and_o vegetable_n unknown_a to_o he_o before_o may_v have_v as_o true_a idea_n of_o they_o as_o of_o a_o horse_n or_o a_o stag_n but_o can_v speak_v of_o they_o only_o by_o a_o description_n till_o he_o shall_v either_o take_v the_o name_n the_o native_n call_v they_o by_o or_o give_v they_o one_o himself_o 3._o he_o that_o use_v the_o word_n body_n sometime_o for_o pure_a extension_n and_o sometime_o for_o extension_n and_o solidity_n together_o will_v talk_v very_o fallacious_o 4._o he_o that_o give_v the_o name_n horse_n to_o that_o idea_n which_o common_a usage_n call_v mule_n talk_v improper_o and_o will_v not_o be_v understand_v 5._o he_o that_o think_v the_o name_n centaur_n stand_v for_o some_o real_a be_v impose_v on_o himself_o and_o mistake_v word_n for_o thing_n §_o 33._o in_o modes_n and_o relation_n general_o we_o be_v liable_a only_o to_o the_o four_o first_o of_o these_o inconvenience_n viz._n 1._o i_o may_v have_v in_o my_o memory_n the_o name_n of_o modes_n as_o gratitude_n or_o charity_n and_o yet_o not_o have_v any_o precise_a idea_n annex_v in_o my_o thought_n to_o those_o name_n 2._o i_o may_v have_v idea_n and_o not_o know_v the_o name_n that_o belong_v to_o they_o v_o g._n i_o may_v have_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o man_n drink_v till_o his_o colour_n and_o humour_n be_v alter_v till_o his_o tongue_n trip_v and_o his_o eye_n look_v red_a and_o his_o foot_n fail_v he_o and_o yet_o not_o know_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v call_v drunkenness_n 3._o i_o may_v have_v the_o idea_n of_o virtue_n or_o vice_n and_o name_n also_o but_o apply_v they_o amiss_o v_o g._n when_o i_o apply_v the_o name_n frugality_n to_o that_o idea_n which_o other_o call_v and_o signify_v by_o this_o sound_n covetousness_n 4._o i_o may_v use_v any_o of_o those_o name_n with_o inconstancy_n 5._o but_o in_o modes_n and_o relation_n i_o can_v have_v idea_n disagree_v to_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n for_o modes_n be_v complex_fw-la ideas_n make_v by_o the_o mind_n at_o pleasure_n and_o relation_n be_v but_o my_o way_n of_o consider_v or_o compare_v two_o thing_n together_o and_o so_o also_o a_o idea_n oâ—_n my_o own_o make_n these_o idea_n can_v scarce_o be_v sound_a to_o disagree_v with_o any_o thing_n exist_v since_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o mind_n as_o the_o copy_n of_o thing_n regular_o make_v by_o nature_n nor_o as_o property_n inseparable_o slow_v from_o the_o internal_a constitution_n or_o essence_n of_o any_o substance_n but_o as_o it_o be_v pattern_n lodge_v in_o my_o memory_n with_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o to_o denominate_v action_n and_o relation_n by_o as_o they_o come_v to_o exist_v but_o the_o mistake_n be_v common_o in_o my_o give_v a_o wrong_a name_n to_o my_o conception_n and_o so_o use_v word_n in_o a_o different_a sense_n from_o other_o people_n i_o be_o not_o understand_v but_o be_o think_v to_o have_v wrong_a idea_n of_o they_o when_o i_o give_v wrong_a name_n to_o they_o only_o if_o i_o put_v in_o my_o idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n or_o relation_n any_o inconsistent_a idea_n together_o i_o fill_v my_o head_n also_o with_o chimera_n since_o such_o idea_n if_o well_o examine_v can_v so_o much_o as_o exist_v in_o the_o mind_n much_o less_o any_o real_a be_v be_v ever_o denominate_v from_o they_o §_o 34._o since_o wit_n and_o fancy_n find_v easy_a entertainment_n in_o the_o world_n than_o dry_a truth_n and_o real_a knowledge_n figurative_a speech_n and_o allusion_n in_o language_n will_v hardly_o be_v admit_v as_o a_o imperfection_n or_o abuse_n of_o it_o i_o confess_v in_o discourse_n where_o we_o seek_v rather_o pleasure_n and_o delight_n than_o information_n and_o improvement_n such_o ornament_n as_o be_v borrow_v from_o they_o can_v scarce_o pass_v for_o fault_n but_o yet_o if_o we_o will_v speak_v of_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v we_o must_v allow_v that_o all_o the_o art_n of_o rhetoric_n beside_o order_n and_o clearness_n all_o the_o artificial_a and_o figurative_a application_n of_o word_n eloquence_n have_v invent_v be_v for_o nothing_o else_o but_o to_o insinuate_v wrong_a idea_n move_v the_o passion_n and_o thereby_o mislead_v the_o judgement_n and_o so_o indeed_o be_v perfect_a cheat_n and_o therefore_o however_o laudable_a or_o allowable_a oratory_n may_v render_v they_o in_o harangue_n and_o popular_a address_n they_o be_v certain_o in_o all_o discourse_n that_o pretend_v to_o inform_v and_o instruct_v whole_o to_o be_v avoid_v and_o where_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n be_v concern_v can_v but_o be_v think_v a_o great_a fault_n either_o of_o the_o language_n or_o person_n that_o make_v use_v of_o they_o what_o and_o how_o various_a they_o be_v i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o to_o take_v notice_n the_o book_n of_o rhetoric_n which_o abound_v in_o the_o world_n will_v inform_v those_o who_o want_v to_o be_v inform_v only_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v how_o little_a the_o preservation_n and_o improvement_n of_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n be_v the_o care_n and_o concern_v of_o mankind_n since_o the_o art_n of_o fallacy_n be_v endow_v and_o prefer_v and_o it_o
order_v as_o to_o reflect_v the_o great_a number_n of_o globule_n of_o light_n and_o to_o give_v they_o that_o proper_a rotation_n which_o be_v fit_a to_o produce_v this_o sensation_n of_o white_a in_o we_o the_o more_o white_a will_v that_o body_n appear_v that_o from_o a_o equal_a space_n send_v to_o the_o retina_fw-la the_o great_a number_n of_o such_o corpuscle_n with_o that_o peculiar_a sort_n of_o motion_n i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o light_n consist_v in_o very_o small_a round_a globule_n nor_o of_o whiteness_n in_o such_o a_o texture_n of_o part_n as_o give_v a_o certain_a rotation_n to_o these_o globule_n when_o it_o reflect_v they_o for_o i_o be_o not_o now_o treat_v physical_o of_o light_n or_o colour_n but_o this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v that_o i_o can_v and_o i_o will_v be_v glad_a any_o one_o will_v make_v intelligible_a that_o he_o do_v conceive_v how_o body_n without_o we_o can_v any_o way_n affect_v our_o sense_n but_o by_o the_o immediate_a contact_n of_o the_o sensible_a body_n themselves_o as_o in_o taste_v and_o feel_v or_o the_o impulse_n of_o some_o insensible_a particle_n come_v from_o they_o as_o in_o see_v hear_v and_o smell_a by_o the_o different_a impulse_n of_o which_o part_n cause_v by_o their_o different_a size_n figure_n and_o motion_n the_o variety_n of_o sensation_n be_v produce_v in_o we_o §_o 12._o whether_o then_o they_o be_v globule_n or_o no_o or_o whether_o they_o have_v a_o verticity_n about_o their_o own_o centre_n that_o produce_v the_o idea_n of_o whiteness_n in_o we_o this_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o more_o particle_n of_o light_n be_v reflect_v from_o a_o body_n fit_v to_o give_v they_o that_o peculiar_a motion_n which_o produce_v the_o sensation_n of_o whiteness_n in_o we_o and_o possible_o too_o the_o quick_a the_o peculiar_a motion_n be_v the_o white_a do_v the_o body_n appear_v from_o which_o the_o great_a number_n be_v reflect_v as_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o same_o piece_n of_o paper_n put_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n in_o the_o shade_n and_o in_o a_o dark_a hole_n in_o each_o of_o which_o it_o will_v produce_v in_o we_o the_o idea_n of_o whiteness_n in_o far_o different_a degree_n §_o 13._o not_o know_v therefore_o what_o number_n of_o particle_n nor_o what_o motion_n of_o they_o be_v fit_a to_o produce_v any_o precise_a degree_n of_o whiteness_n we_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o certain_a equality_n of_o any_o two_o degree_n of_o whiteness_n because_o we_o have_v no_o certain_a standard_n to_o measure_v they_o by_o nor_o mean_n to_o distinguish_v every_o the_o least_o real_a difference_n the_o only_a help_n we_o have_v be_v from_o our_o sense_n which_o in_o this_o point_n fail_v we_o but_o where_o the_o difference_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o produce_v in_o the_o mind_n clear_o distinct_a idea_n who_o difference_n can_v be_v perfect_o retain_v there_o these_o idea_n of_o colour_n as_o we_o see_v in_o different_a kind_n as_o blue_a and_o red_a be_v as_o capable_a of_o demonstration_n as_o idea_n of_o number_n and_o extension_n what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v of_o whiteness_n and_o colour_n i_o think_v hold_v true_a in_o all_o secundary_n quality_n and_o their_o modes_n §_o 14._o these_o two_o viz._n intuition_n and_o demonstration_n be_v the_o degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n whatever_o come_v short_a of_o one_o of_o these_o with_o what_o assurance_n soever_o embrace_v be_v but_o faith_n or_o opinion_n but_o not_o knowledge_n at_o least_o in_o all_o general_a truth_n there_o be_v indeed_o another_o perception_n of_o the_o mind_n employ_v about_o the_o particular_a existence_n of_o finite_a being_n without_o we_o which_o go_v beyond_o bare_a probability_n and_o yet_o not_o reach_v perfect_o to_o either_o of_o the_o foregoing_a degree_n of_o certainty_n pass_v under_o the_o name_n of_o knowledge_n there_o can_v be_v nothing_o more_o certain_a than_o that_o the_o idea_n we_o receive_v from_o a_o external_a object_n be_v in_o our_o mind_n this_o be_v intuitive_a knowledge_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o bare_o that_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n whether_o we_o can_v thence_o certain_o infer_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n without_o we_o which_o correspond_v to_o that_o idea_n be_v that_o whereof_o some_o man_n think_v there_o may_v be_v a_o question_n make_v because_o man_n may_v have_v such_o idea_n in_o their_o mind_n when_o no_o such_o thing_n exist_v no_o such_o object_n affect_v their_o sense_n but_o yet_o here_o i_o think_v we_o be_v provide_v with_o a_o evidence_n that_o put_v we_o past_o doubt_v for_o i_o ask_v any_o one_o whether_o he_o be_v not_o invincible_o conscious_a to_o himself_o of_o a_o different_a perception_n when_o he_o look_v on_o the_o sun_n by_o day_n and_o think_v on_o it_o by_o night_n when_o he_o actual_o taste_v wormwood_n or_o smell_v a_o rose_n or_o only_o think_v on_o that_o savour_n or_o odour_n we_o as_o plain_o find_v the_o difference_n there_o be_v between_o any_o idea_n revive_v in_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o own_o memory_n and_o actual_o come_v into_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sense_n as_o we_o do_v between_o any_o two_o distinct_a idea_n if_o any_o one_o say_v a_o dream_n may_v do_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o all_o these_o idea_n may_v be_v produce_v in_o we_o without_o any_o external_a object_n he_o may_v please_v to_o dream_v that_o i_o make_v he_o this_o answer_n 1._o that_o it_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n whether_o i_o remove_v his_o scruple_n or_o no_o where_o all_o be_v but_o dream_n reason_v and_o argument_n be_v of_o no_o use_n truth_n and_o knowledge_n nothing_o 2._o that_o i_o believe_v he_o will_v allow_v a_o very_a manifest_a difference_n between_o dream_v of_o be_v in_o a_o fire_n and_o be_v actual_o in_o it_o but_o yet_o if_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o appear_v so_o sceptical_a as_o to_o maintain_v that_o what_o i_o call_v be_v actual_o in_o the_o fire_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o dream_n and_o that_o we_o can_v thereby_o certain_o know_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n as_o fire_n actual_o exist_v without_o we_o i_o answer_v that_o we_o certain_o find_v that_o pleasure_n or_o pain_n follow_v upon_o the_o application_n of_o certain_a object_n to_o we_o who_o existence_n we_o perceive_v or_o dream_n that_o we_o perceive_v by_o our_o sense_n this_o certainty_n be_v as_o great_a as_o our_o happiness_n or_o misery_n beyond_o which_o we_o have_v no_o concernment_n to_o know_v or_o to_o be_v so_o that_o i_o think_v we_o may_v add_v to_o the_o two_o former_a sort_n of_o knowledge_n this_o also_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o particular_a external_a object_n by_o that_o perception_n and_o consciousness_n we_o have_v of_o the_o actual_a entrance_n of_o idea_n from_o they_o and_o allow_v these_o three_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n viz._n intuitive_a demonstrative_a and_o sensitive_a in_o each_o of_o which_o there_o be_v different_a degree_n and_o way_n of_o evidence_n and_o certainty_n §_o 15._o but_o since_o our_o knowledge_n be_v found_v on_o and_o employ_v about_o only_o our_o idea_n will_v it_o not_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o it_o be_v conformable_a to_o our_o idea_n and_o that_o where_o our_o idea_n be_v clear_a and_o distinct_a or_o obscure_a and_o confuse_a our_o knowledge_n will_v be_v so_o too_o to_o which_o i_o answer_v no_o for_o our_o knowledge_n consist_v in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n its_o clearness_n or_o obscurity_n consist_v in_o the_o clearness_n or_o obscurity_n of_o that_o perception_n and_o not_o in_o the_o clearness_n or_o obscurity_n of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o v_o g._n a_o man_n that_o have_v as_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n and_o of_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o as_o any_o mathematician_n in_o the_o world_n may_v yet_o have_v but_o a_o very_a obscure_a perception_n of_o their_o agreement_n and_o so_o have_v but_o a_o very_a obscure_a knowledge_n of_o it_o but_o obscure_a and_o confuse_a idea_n can_v never_o produce_v any_o clear_a or_o distinct_a knowledge_n because_o as_o far_o as_o any_o idea_n be_v confuse_v or_o obscure_a so_o far_o the_o mind_n can_v never_o perceive_v clear_o whether_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v chap._n iii_o of_o the_o extent_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n §_o 1._o knowledge_n as_o have_v be_v say_v lie_v in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n it_o follow_v from_o hence_o that_o first_o we_o can_v have_v knowledge_n no_o far_o than_o we_o have_v idea_n §_o 2._o second_o that_o we_o can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n far_o than_o we_o can_v have_v perception_n of_o that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n which_o perception_n be_v 1._o either_o by_o intuition_n or_o the_o immediate_a compare_v any_o two_o idea_n or_o 2._o by_o reason_n
have_v two_o smell_v or_o two_o colour_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o this_o perhaps_o will_v be_v say_v have_v not_o a_o opal_n or_o the_o infusion_n of_o lignum_fw-la nepbriticum_fw-la two_o colour_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o these_o body_n to_o eye_n different_o place_v may_v at_o the_o same_o time_n afford_v different_a colour_n but_o i_o take_v liberty_n also_o to_o say_v that_o to_o eye_n different_o place_v it_o be_v different_a part_n of_o the_o object_n that_o reflect_v the_o particle_n of_o light_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o part_n of_o the_o object_n and_o so_o not_o the_o very_a same_o subject_a which_o at_o the_o same_o time_n appear_v both_o yellow_a and_o azure_a for_o it_o be_v as_o impossible_a that_o the_o very_a same_o particle_n of_o any_o body_n shall_v at_o the_o same_o time_n different_o modify_v or_o reflect_v the_o ray_n of_o light_n as_o that_o it_o shall_v have_v two_o different_a figure_n and_o texture_n at_o the_o same_o time_n §_o 16._o but_o as_o to_o the_o power_n of_o substance_n to_o change_v the_o sensible_a quality_n of_o other_o body_n which_o make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o our_o inquiry_n about_o they_o and_o be_v no_o inconsiderable_a branch_n of_o our_o knowledge_n i_o doubt_v as_o to_o these_o whether_o our_o knowledge_n reach_v much_o far_a than_o our_o experience_n or_o whether_o we_o can_v come_v to_o the_o discovery_n of_o most_o of_o these_o power_n and_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o be_v in_o any_o subject_n by_o the_o connexion_n with_o any_o of_o those_o idea_n which_o to_o we_o make_v its_o essence_n because_o the_o active_a and_o passive_a power_n of_o body_n and_o their_o way_n of_o operate_a consist_v in_o a_o texture_n and_o motion_n of_o part_n which_o we_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n come_v to_o discover_v it_o be_v but_o in_o very_a few_o case_n we_o can_v be_v able_a to_o perceive_v their_o dependence_n on_o or_o repugnance_n to_o any_o of_o those_o idea_n which_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o that_o sort_n of_o thing_n i_o have_v here_o instance_a in_o the_o corpuscularian_a hypothesis_n as_o that_o which_o be_v think_v to_o go_v far_a in_o a_o intelligible_a explication_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o body_n and_o i_o fear_v the_o weakness_n of_o (null)_o understanding_n be_v scarce_o able_a to_o substitute_v another_o which_o will_v afford_v we_o a_o full_a and_o clear_a discovery_n of_o the_o necessary_a connexion_n and_o coexistence_n of_o the_o power_n which_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v unite_v in_o several_a sort_n of_o they_o this_o at_o least_o be_v certain_a that_o which_o ever_o hypothesis_n be_v clear_a and_o true_a for_o of_o that_o it_o be_v not_o my_o business_n to_o determine_v our_o knowledge_n concern_v corporeal_a substance_n will_v be_v very_o little_o advance_v by_o any_o of_o they_o till_o we_o be_v make_v see_v what_o quality_n and_o power_n of_o body_n have_v a_o necessary_a connexion_n or_o repugnancy_n one_o with_o another_o which_o in_o the_o present_a state_n of_o philosophy_n i_o think_v we_o know_v but_o to_o a_o very_a small_a degree_n and_o i_o doubt_v whether_o with_o those_o faculty_n we_o have_v we_o shall_v ever_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v our_o general_a knowledge_n i_o say_v not_o particular_a experience_n in_o this_o part_n much_o far_o §_o 17._o if_o we_o be_v at_o this_o loss_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o power_n and_o operation_n of_o body_n i_o think_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o conclude_v we_o be_v much_o more_o in_o the_o dark_a in_o reference_n to_o spirit_n whereof_o we_o natural_o have_v no_o idea_n but_o what_o we_o draw_v from_o that_o of_o our_o own_o by_o reflect_v on_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o own_o soul_n within_o we_o as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v come_v within_o our_o observation_n but_o how_o inconsiderable_a a_o rank_n the_o spirit_n that_o inhabit_v our_o body_n hold_v among_o those_o various_a and_o possible_o innumerable_a kind_n of_o noble_a being_n and_o how_o far_o short_a they_o come_v of_o the_o endowment_n and_o perfection_n of_o cherubim_n and_o seraphim_n and_o infinite_a sort_n of_o spirit_n above_o we_o we_o have_v in_o another_o place_n make_v some_o reflection_n upon_o §_o 18._o as_o to_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o our_o knowledge_n viz._n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n in_o any_o other_o relation_n this_o as_o it_o be_v the_o large_a field_n of_o our_o knowledge_n so_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o determine_v how_o far_o it_o may_v extend_v because_o the_o advances_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v in_o this_o part_n of_o knowledge_n depend_v on_o our_o sagacity_n in_o find_v intermediate_v idea_n that_o may_v show_v the_o relation_n and_o habitude_n of_o idea_n who_o coexistence_n be_v not_o consider_v it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o tell_v when_o we_o be_v at_o a_o end_n of_o such_o discovery_n and_o when_o reason_n have_v all_o the_o help_v it_o be_v capable_a of_o for_o the_o find_n of_o proof_n and_o examine_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o remote_a idea_n they_o that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o algebra_n can_v imagine_v the_o wonder_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v to_o be_v do_v by_o it_o and_o what_o far_a improvement_n and_o help_n advantageous_a to_o other_o part_n of_o knowledge_n the_o sagacious_a mind_n of_o man_n may_v yet_o find_v out_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v this_o at_o least_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o quantity_n be_v not_o those_o alone_a that_o be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n and_o knowledge_n and_o that_o other_o and_o perhaps_o more_o useful_a part_n of_o contemplation_n will_v afford_v we_o certainty_n if_o vice_n passion_n and_o domineer_a interest_n do_v not_o oppose_v or_o menace_v such_o endeavour_n the_o idea_n of_o a_o supreme_a be_v infinite_a in_o power_n and_o wisdom_n who_o workmanship_n we_o be_v and_o on_o who_o we_o depend_v and_o the_o idea_n of_o ourselves_o as_o understanding_n rational_a creature_n be_v such_o as_o be_v clear_a in_o we_o will_v i_o suppose_v if_o due_o consider_v and_o pursue_v afford_v such_o foundation_n of_o our_o duty_n and_o rule_n of_o action_n as_o may_v place_v morality_n among_o the_o science_n capable_a of_o demonstration_n wherein_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o from_o principle_n as_o incontestable_a as_o those_o of_o the_o mathematics_n by_o necessary_a consequence_n the_o measure_n of_o right_a and_o wrong_n may_v be_v make_v out_o to_o any_o one_o that_o will_v apply_v himself_o with_o the_o same_o indifferency_n and_o attention_n to_o the_o one_o as_o he_o do_v to_o the_o other_o of_o these_o science_n the_o relation_n of_o other_o modes_n may_v certain_o be_v perceive_v as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o number_n and_o extension_n and_o i_o can_v see_v why_o they_o shall_v not_o also_o be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n if_o due_a method_n be_v think_v on_o to_o examine_v or_o pursue_v their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n where_o there_o be_v no_o propriety_n there_o be_v no_o injustice_n be_v a_o proposition_n as_o certain_a as_o any_o demonstration_n in_o euclid_n for_o the_o idea_n of_o property_n be_v a_o right_a to_o any_o thing_n and_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o the_o name_n injustice_n be_v give_v be_v the_o invasion_n or_o violation_n of_o that_o right_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o idea_n be_v thus_o establish_v and_o these_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o i_o can_v as_o certain_o know_v this_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a as_o that_o a_o triangle_n have_v three_o angle_n equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o again_o no_o government_n allow_v absolute_a liberty_n the_o idea_n of_o government_n be_v the_o establishment_n of_o society_n upon_o certain_a rule_n or_o law_n which_o require_v conformity_n to_o they_o and_o the_o idea_n of_o absolute_a liberty_n be_v for_o any_o one_o to_o do_v whatever_o he_o please_v i_o be_o as_o capable_a of_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n as_o of_o any_o in_o mathematics_n §_o 19_o that_o which_o in_o this_o respect_n have_v give_v the_o advantage_n to_o the_o idea_n of_o quantity_n and_o make_v they_o think_v more_o capable_a of_o certainty_n and_o demonstration_n be_v first_o that_o they_o can_v be_v set_v down_o and_o represent_v by_o sensible_a mark_n which_o have_v a_o great_a and_o near_a correspondence_n with_o they_o than_o any_o word_n or_o sound_n whatsoever_o diagram_n draw_v on_o paper_n be_v copy_n of_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n and_o not_o liable_a to_o the_o uncertainty_n that_o word_n carry_v in_o their_o signification_n a_o angle_n circle_n or_o square_a draw_v in_o line_n lie_v open_a to_o the_o view_n and_o can_v be_v mistake_v it_o remain_v unchangeable_o and_o may_v at_o leisure_n be_v consider_v and_o examine_v and_o the_o demonstration_n be_v revise_v and_o all_o the_o part_n of_o
know_v if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o all_o knowledge_n lie_v only_o in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n the_o vision_n of_o a_o enthusiast_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o a_o sober_a man_n will_v be_v equal_o certain_a it_o be_v no_o matter_n how_o thing_n be_v so_o a_o man_n observe_v but_o the_o agreement_n of_o his_o own_o imagination_n and_o talk_v conformable_o it_o be_v all_o truth_n all_o certainty_n such_o castle_n in_o the_o air_n will_v be_v as_o strong_a hold_v of_o truth_n as_o the_o demonstration_n of_o euclid_n that_o a_o harpy_n be_v not_o a_o centaur_n be_v by_o this_o way_n as_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o as_o much_o a_o truth_n as_o that_o a_o square_n be_v not_o a_o circle_n but_o of_o what_o use_n be_v all_o this_o fine_a knowledge_n of_o man_n own_o imagination_n to_o a_o man_n that_o inquire_v after_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n it_o matter_n not_o what_o man_n fancy_n be_v it_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v only_o to_o be_v prize_v it_o be_v this_o alone_a give_v a_o value_n to_o our_o reason_n and_o preference_n to_o one_o man_n knowledge_n over_o another_o that_o it_o be_v of_o thing_n as_o they_o real_o be_v and_o not_o of_o dream_n and_o fancy_n §_o 2._o to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o our_o knowledge_n of_o our_o idea_n terminate_v in_o they_o and_o reach_v no_o far_o where_o there_o be_v something_o far_o intend_v our_o most_o serious_a thought_n will_v be_v of_o little_o more_o use_n than_o the_o resvery_n of_o a_o crazy_a brain_n and_o the_o truth_n build_v thereon_o of_o no_o more_o weight_n than_o the_o discourse_n of_o a_o man_n who_o see_v thing_n clear_o in_o a_o dream_n and_o with_o great_a assurance_n utter_v they_o but_o i_o hope_v before_o i_o have_v do_v to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o this_o way_n of_o certainty_n by_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n go_v a_o little_a far_o than_o bare_a imagination_n and_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o the_o certainty_n of_o general_a truth_n a_o man_n have_v lie_v in_o nothing_o else_o §_o 3._o it_o be_v evident_a the_o mind_n know_v not_o thing_n immediate_o but_o only_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v of_o they_o our_o knowledge_n therefore_o be_v real_a only_o so_o far_o as_o there_o be_v a_o conformity_n between_o our_o idea_n and_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n but_o what_o shall_v be_v here_o the_o criterion_n how_o shall_v the_o mind_n when_o it_o perceive_v nothing_o but_o its_o own_o idea_n know_v that_o they_o agree_v with_o thing_n themselves_o this_o though_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o want_v difficulty_n yet_o i_o think_v there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o idea_n that_o we_o may_v be_v assure_v agree_v with_o thing_n §_o 4._o first_o the_o first_o be_v simple_a idea_n which_o since_o the_o mind_n as_o have_v be_v show_v can_v by_o no_o mean_n make_v to_o itself_o must_v necessary_o be_v the_o product_n of_o thing_n operate_n on_o the_o mind_n in_o a_o natural_a way_n and_o produce_v therein_o those_o perception_n which_o by_o the_o wisdom_n and_o will_n of_o our_o maker_n they_o be_v ordain_v and_o adapt_v to_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o simple_a idea_n be_v not_o fiction_n of_o our_o fancy_n but_o the_o natural_a and_o regular_a production_n of_o thing_n without_o we_o real_o operate_n upon_o we_o and_o so_o carry_v with_o they_o all_o the_o conformity_n our_o state_n require_v which_o be_v to_o represent_v thing_n under_o those_o appearance_n they_o be_v fit_v to_o produce_v in_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v distinguish_v the_o substance_n they_o be_v in_o and_o apply_v they_o to_o our_o uses_n thus_o the_o idea_n of_o whiteness_n or_o bitterness_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n exact_o answer_v that_o power_n which_o be_v in_o any_o body_n to_o produce_v it_o there_o have_v all_o the_o real_a conformity_n it_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v with_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o this_o conformity_n between_o our_o simple_a idea_n and_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n be_v sufficient_a for_o real_a knowledge_n §_o 5._o second_o all_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n except_o those_o of_o substance_n be_v archetype_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v own_o make_v not_o intend_v to_o be_v the_o copy_n of_o any_o thing_n nor_o refer_v to_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n as_o to_o their_o original_n can_v want_v any_o conformity_n necessary_a to_o real_a knowledge_n for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o design_v to_o represent_v any_o thing_n but_o itself_o can_v never_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o wrong_a representation_n nor_o mislead_v we_o from_o the_o true_a apprehension_n of_o any_o thing_n by_o its_o dislikeness_n to_o it_o and_o such_o except_v those_o of_o substance_n be_v all_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o another_o place_n be_v combination_n of_o idea_n which_o the_o mind_n by_o its_o free_a choice_n put_v together_o without_o consider_v any_o connexion_n they_o have_v in_o nature_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o these_o sort_v the_o idea_n themselves_o be_v consider_v as_o the_o archetype_n and_o thing_n no_o otherwise_o regard_v but_o as_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o they_o so_o that_o we_o can_v but_o be_v infallible_o certain_a that_o all_o the_o knowledge_n we_o attain_v concern_v these_o idea_n be_v real_a and_o reach_n thing_n themselves_o because_o in_o all_o our_o thought_n reason_n and_o discourse_n of_o this_o kind_n we_o intend_v thing_n no_o far_o than_o as_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o our_o idea_n so_o that_o in_o these_o we_o can_v miss_v of_o a_o certain_a undoubted_a reality_n §_o 6._o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o knowledge_n we_o may_v have_v of_o mathematical_a truth_n be_v not_o only_o certain_a but_o real_a knowledge_n not_o idle_a chimaera_n of_o man_n brain_n and_o yet_o if_o we_o will_v consider_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o be_v only_o of_o our_o own_o idea_n the_o mathematician_n consider_v the_o truth_n and_o property_n belong_v to_o a_o rectangle_n or_o circle_n only_o as_o they_o be_v in_o idea_n in_o his_o own_o mind_n for_o it_o be_v possible_a he_o never_o find_v either_o of_o they_o exist_v mathematical_o i._n e._n precise_o true_a in_o his_o life_n but_o yet_o the_o knowledge_n he_o have_v of_o any_o truth_n or_o property_n belong_v to_o a_o circle_n or_o any_o other_o mathematical_a figure_n be_v nevertheless_o true_a and_o certain_a even_o of_o real_a thing_n exist_v because_o real_a thing_n be_v no_o far_o concern_v nor_o intend_v to_o be_v mean_v by_o any_o such_o proposition_n than_o as_o thing_n real_o agree_v to_o those_o archetype_n in_o his_o mind_n be_v it_o true_a of_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o triangle_n that_o its_o three_o angle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o it_o be_v true_a also_o of_o a_o triangle_n wherever_o it_o real_o exist_v what_o ever_o other_o figure_n exist_v that_o be_v not_o exact_o answerable_a to_o that_o idea_n of_o a_o triangle_n in_o his_o mind_n be_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v in_o that_o proposition_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v certain_a all_o his_o knowledge_n concern_v such_o idea_n be_v real_a knowledge_n because_o intend_v thing_n no_o far_a than_o they_o agree_v with_o those_o his_o idea_n he_o be_v sure_o what_o he_o know_v concern_v those_o figure_n when_o they_o have_v bare_o a_o ideal_o existence_n in_o his_o mind_n will_v hold_v true_a of_o they_o also_o when_o they_o have_v a_o real_a existence_n in_o matter_n his_o consideration_n be_v bare_o of_o those_o figure_n which_o be_v the_o same_o wherever_o or_o however_o they_o exist_v §_o 7._o and_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v as_o capable_a of_o real_a certainty_n as_o mathematics_n for_o certainty_n be_v but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n and_o demonstration_n nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o such_o agreement_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o other_o idea_n or_o medium_n our_o moral_a idea_n as_o well_o as_o mathematical_a be_v archetype_n themselves_o and_o so_o adequate_a and_o complete_a idea_n all_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n we_o shall_v find_v in_o they_o will_v produce_v real_a knowledge_n as_o well_o as_o in_o mathematical_a figure_n §_o 8._o that_o which_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v our_o knowledge_n certain_a be_v the_o clearness_n of_o our_o idea_n and_o that_o which_o be_v require_v to_o make_v it_o reâ—l_v be_v that_o they_o answer_v their_o archetype_n nor_o let_v it_o be_v wonder_v that_o i_o place_v the_o certainty_n of_o our_o knowledge_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o our_o idea_n with_o so_o little_a care_n and_o regard_v as_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o
sure_a this_o be_v a_o conclusion_n that_o man_n nowhere_o allow_v of_o for_o if_o they_o do_v they_o will_v not_o make_v bold_a as_o everywhere_o they_o do_v to_o destroy_v ill-formed_n and_o mishap_a production_n ay_o but_o these_o be_v monster_n let_v they_o be_v so_o what_o will_v your_o driul_a unintelligent_a intractable_a changeling_n be_v shall_v a_o defect_n in_o the_o body_n make_v a_o monster_n a_o defect_n in_o the_o mind_n the_o far_o more_o noble_a and_o in_o the_o common_a phrase_n the_o far_o more_o essential_a part_n not_o shall_v the_o want_n of_o a_o nose_n or_o a_o neck_n make_v a_o monster_n and_o put_v such_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o rank_n of_o man_n the_o want_n of_o reason_n and_o understanding_n not_o this_o be_v to_o bring_v all_o back_n again_o to_o what_o be_v explode_v just_a now_o this_o be_v to_o place_v all_o in_o the_o shape_n and_o to_o take_v the_o measure_n of_o a_o man_n only_o by_o his_o outside_n to_o show_v that_o according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o reason_v in_o this_o matter_n people_n do_v lay_v the_o whole_a stress_n on_o the_o figure_n and_o resolve_v the_o whole_a essence_n of_o the_o species_n of_o man_n as_o they_o make_v it_o into_o the_o outward_a shape_n how_o unreasonable_a soever_o it_o be_v and_o how_o much_o soever_o they_o disow_v it_o we_o need_v but_o trace_v their_o thought_n and_o practise_v a_o little_a far_o and_o then_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v the_o well-shaped_a changeling_n be_v a_o man_n have_v a_o rational_a soul_n though_o it_o appear_v not_o this_o be_v past_a doubt_n say_v you_o make_v the_o ear_n a_o little_a long_o and_o more_o point_a and_o the_o nose_n a_o little_a flatter_v than_o ordinary_a and_o then_o you_o begin_v to_o boggle_v make_v the_o face_n yet_o narrow_a flatter_v and_o long_o and_o then_o you_o begin_v to_o doubt_v add_v still_o more_o and_o more_o of_o the_o likeness_n of_o a_o brute_n to_o it_o and_o let_v the_o head_n be_v perfect_o that_o of_o some_o other_o animal_n then_o present_o it_o be_v a_o monster_n and_o it_o be_v demonstration_n with_o you_o that_o it_o have_v no_o rational_a soul_n and_o must_v be_v destroy_v where_o now_o i_o ask_v shall_v be_v the_o just_a measure_n which_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o that_o shape_n which_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o rational_a soul_n for_o since_o there_o have_v be_v (null)_o foetus_n produce_v half_a beast_n and_o half_a man_n and_o other_o three_o part_n one_o and_o one_o part_v other_o and_o so_o it_o be_v possible_a they_o may_v be_v in_o all_o the_o variety_n of_o approach_n to_o one_o shape_n or_o the_o other_o and_o may_v have_v several_a degree_n of_o mixture_n of_o the_o likeness_n of_o a_o man_n or_o a_o brute_n i_o will_v glad_o know_v what_o be_v those_o precise_a lineament_n which_o according_a to_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v or_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o rational_a soul_n to_o be_v join_v to_o they_o what_o sort_n of_o outside_n be_v the_o certain_a sign_n that_o there_o be_v or_o be_v not_o such_o a_o inhabitant_n within_o for_o till_o that_o be_v do_v we_o talk_v at_o random_n of_o man_n and_o shall_v always_o i_o fear_v do_v so_o as_o long_o as_o we_o give_v ourselves_o up_o to_o certain_a sound_n and_o the_o imagination_n of_o settle_a and_o fix_v species_n in_o nature_n we_o know_v not_o what_o but_o after_o all_o i_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v consider_v that_o those_o who_o think_v they_o have_v answer_v the_o difficulty_n by_o tell_v we_o that_o a_o mishap_a foetus_fw-la be_v a_o monster_n run_v into_o the_o same_o fault_n they_o be_v argue_v against_o by_o constitute_v a_o species_n between_o man_n and_o beast_n for_o what_o else_o i_o pray_v be_v their_o monster_n in_o the_o case_n if_o the_o word_n monster_n signify_v any_o thing_n at_o all_o but_o something_o neither_o man_n nor_o beast_n but_o partake_v somewhat_o of_o either_o and_o just_o so_o be_v the_o changeling_n before_o mention_v so_o necessary_a be_v it_o to_o quit_v the_o common_a notion_n of_o species_n and_o essence_n if_o we_o will_v true_o look_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o examine_v they_o by_o what_o our_o faculty_n can_v discover_v in_o they_o as_o they_o exist_v and_o not_o by_o groundless_a fancy_n have_v be_v take_v up_o about_o they_o §_o 17._o i_o have_v mention_v this_o here_o because_o i_o think_v we_o can_v be_v too_o cautious_a that_o word_n and_o species_n in_o the_o ordinary_a notion_n we_o have_v be_v use_v to_o of_o they_o impose_v not_o on_o we_o for_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v therein_o lie_v one_o great_a obstacle_n to_o our_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n especial_o in_o reference_n to_o substance_n and_o from_o thence_o have_v rose_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o difficulty_n about_o truth_n and_o certainty_n will_v we_o accustom_v ourselves_o to_o separate_v our_o contemplation_n and_o reason_n from_o word_n we_o may_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n remedy_n this_o inconvenience_n within_o our_o own_o thought_n but_o yet_o it_o will_v still_o disturb_v we_o in_o our_o discourse_n with_o other_o as_o long_o as_o we_o retain_v the_o opinion_n that_o species_n and_o their_o essence_n be_v any_o thing_n else_o but_o our_o abstract_n idea_n such_o as_o they_o be_v with_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o to_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o they_o §_o 18._o where_o ever_o we_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n there_o be_v certain_a knowledge_n and_o where_o ever_o we_o be_v sure_o those_o idea_n agree_v with_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n there_o be_v certain_a real_a knowledge_n of_o which_o agreement_n of_o our_o idea_n with_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n have_v here_o give_v the_o mark_n i_o think_v i_o have_v show_v wherein_o it_o be_v that_o certainty_n real_a certainty_n consist_v which_o whatever_n it_o be_v to_o other_o be_v i_o confess_v to_o i_o heretofore_o one_o of_o those_o desiderata_fw-la which_o i_o find_v great_a want_n of_o chap._n v._o of_o truth_n in_o general_n §_o 1._o what_o be_v truth_n be_v a_o enquiry_n many_o age_n since_o and_o it_o be_v that_o which_o all_o mankind_n either_o do_v or_o pretend_v to_o search_v after_o it_o can_v but_o be_v worth_a our_o while_n careful_o to_o examine_v wherein_o it_o consist_v and_o so_o acquaint_v ourselves_o with_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o as_o to_o observe_v how_o the_o mind_n distinguish_v it_o from_o falsehood_n §_o 2._o truth_n then_o seem_v to_o i_o in_o the_o proper_a import_n of_o the_o word_n to_o signify_v nothing_o but_o the_o join_n or_o separate_n of_o sign_n as_o the_o thing_n signify_v by_o they_o do_v agree_v or_o disagree_v one_o with_o another_o which_o way_n of_o join_v or_o separate_n of_o sign_n we_o call_v proposition_n so_o that_o truth_n proper_o belong_v only_o to_o proposition_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n viz._n mental_a and_o verbal_a as_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o sign_n common_o make_v use_n of_o viz._n idea_n and_o word_n §_o 3._o to_o form_v a_o clear_a notion_n of_o truth_n it_o be_v very_o necessary_a to_o consider_v truth_n of_o thought_n and_o truth_n of_o word_n distinct_o one_o from_o another_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o treat_v of_o they_o asunder_o because_o it_o be_v unavoidable_a in_o treat_v of_o mental_a proposition_n to_o make_v use_n of_o word_n and_o then_o the_o instance_n give_v of_o mental_a proposition_n cease_v immediate_o to_o be_v bare_o mental_a and_o become_v verbal_a for_o a_o mental_a proposition_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o bare_a consideration_n of_o the_o idea_n as_o they_o be_v in_o our_o mind_n strip_v of_o name_n they_o lose_v the_o nature_n of_o pure_o mental_a proposition_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v put_v into_o word_n §_o 4._o and_o that_o which_o make_v it_o yet_o hard_o to_o treat_v of_o mental_a and_o verbal_a proposition_n separately_z be_v that_o most_o man_n if_o not_o all_o in_o their_o think_v and_o reason_v within_o themselves_o make_v use_n of_o word_n instead_o of_o idea_n at_o least_o when_o the_o subject_n of_o their_o meditation_n contain_v in_o it_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o be_v a_o great_a evidence_n of_o the_o imperfection_n and_o uncertainty_n of_o our_o idea_n of_o that_o kind_n and_o may_v if_o attentive_o make_v use_v of_o serve_v for_o a_o mark_n to_o show_v we_o what_o be_v those_o thing_n we_o have_v clear_a and_o perfect_a establish_a idea_n of_o and_o what_o not_o for_o if_o we_o will_v curious_o observe_v the_o way_n our_o mind_n take_v in_o think_v and_o reason_v we_o shall_v find_v i_o suppose_v that_o when_o we_o make_v any_o proposition_n within_o our_o own_o thought_n about_o white_a or_o black_a sweet_a or_o bitter_a a_o triangle_n or_o a_o circle_n we_o can_v and_o often_o do_v frame_n
wherein_o term_n be_v join_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o without_o regard_v whether_o our_o idea_n be_v such_o as_o real_o have_v or_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v a_o exstence_n in_o nature_n but_o than_o it_o be_v they_o contain_v real_a truth_n when_o these_o sign_n be_v join_v as_o our_o idea_n agree_v and_o when_o our_o idea_n be_v such_o as_o we_o know_v be_v capable_a of_o have_v a_o existence_n in_o nature_n which_o in_o substance_n we_o can_v know_v but_o by_o know_v that_o such_o have_v exi_v §_o 9_o truth_n be_v the_o mark_v down_o in_o word_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n as_o it_o be_v falshood_n be_v the_o mark_v down_o in_o word_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v and_o so_o far_o as_o these_o idea_n thus_o mark_v by_o sound_n agree_v to_o their_o archetype_n so_o far_o only_o be_v the_o truth_n real_a the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o truth_n consist_v in_o know_v what_o idea_n the_o word_n stand_v for_o and_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o those_o idea_n according_a as_o it_o be_v mark_v by_o these_o word_n §_o 10._o but_o because_o word_n be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o great_a conduit_n of_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n and_o that_o in_o convey_v and_o receive_v of_o truth_n and_o common_o in_o reason_v about_o it_o we_o make_v use_v of_o word_n and_o proposition_n i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a inquire_v wherein_o the_o certainty_n of_o real_a truth_n contain_v in_o proposition_n consist_v and_o where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o endeavour_v to_o show_v in_o what_o sort_n of_o universal_a proposition_n we_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v certain_a of_o their_o real_a truth_n or_o falshood_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o general_a proposition_n as_o those_o which_o most_o employ_v our_o thought_n and_o exercise_v our_o contemplation_n general_a truth_n be_v most_o look_v after_o by_o the_o mind_n as_o those_o that_o most_o enlarge_v our_o knowledge_n and_o by_o their_o comprehensiveness_n satisfy_v we_o at_o once_o of_o many_o particular_n enlarge_v our_o view_n and_o shorten_v our_o way_n to_o knowledge_n §_o 11._o beside_o truth_n take_v in_o the_o strict_a sense_n beforementioned_a there_o be_v other_o sort_n of_o truth_n as_o 1._o moral_a truth_n which_o be_v speak_v thing_n according_a to_o the_o persuasion_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n though_o the_o proposition_n we_o speak_v agree_v not_o to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n 2._o metaphysical_a truth_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n conformable_a to_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o we_o have_v annex_v their_o name_n this_o though_o it_o seem_v to_o consist_v in_o the_o very_a being_n of_o thing_n yet_o when_o consider_v a_o little_a near_o will_v appear_v to_o include_v a_o tacit_n proposition_n whereby_o the_o mind_n join_v that_o particular_a thing_n to_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v before_o settle_v with_o a_o name_n to_o it_o but_o these_o consideration_n of_o truth_n either_o have_v be_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o or_o not_o be_v much_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n it_o may_v suffice_v here_o only_o to_o have_v mention_v they_o chap._n vi_o of_o universal_a proposition_n their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n §_o 1._o though_o the_o examine_n and_o judge_v of_o idea_n by_o themselves_o their_o name_n be_v quite_o lay_v aside_o be_v the_o best_a and_o sure_a way_n to_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n yet_o through_o the_o prevail_a custom_n of_o use_v sound_n for_o idea_n i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o seldom_o practise_v and_o every_o one_o may_v observe_v how_o common_a it_o be_v for_o name_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o even_o when_o man_n think_v and_o reason_n within_o their_o own_o breast_n especial_o if_o the_o idea_n be_v very_o complex_fw-la and_o make_v up_o of_o a_o great_a collection_n of_o simple_a one_o this_o make_v the_o consideration_n of_o word_n and_o proposition_n so_o necessary_a a_o part_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o speak_v intelligible_o of_o the_o one_o without_o explain_v the_o other_o §_o 2._o all_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v be_v only_o of_o particular_a or_o general_a truth_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o whatever_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o the_o latter_a which_o be_v that_o which_o with_o reason_n be_v most_o seek_v after_o can_v never_o be_v well_o make_v know_v and_o be_v very_o seldom_o apprehend_v but_o as_o conceive_v and_o express_v in_o word_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o out_o of_o our_o way_n in_o the_o examination_n of_o our_o knowledge_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o truth_n and_o certainty_n of_o universal_a proposition_n §_o 3._o but_o that_o we_o may_v not_o be_v mislead_v in_o this_o case_n by_o that_o which_o be_v the_o danger_n everywhere_o i_o mean_v by_o the_o doubtfulness_n of_o term_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o observe_v that_o certainty_n be_v twofold_a certainty_n of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n of_o knowledge_n certainty_n of_o truth_n be_v when_o word_n be_v so_o put_v together_o in_o proposition_n as_o exact_o to_o express_v agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o as_o real_o it_o be_v certainty_n of_o knowledge_n be_v to_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n as_o express_v in_o any_o proposition_n this_o we_o usual_o call_v know_v or_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o proposition_n §_o 4._o now_o because_o we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o general_a proposition_n unless_o we_o know_v the_o precise_a bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o species_n its_o term_n stand_v for_o it_o be_v necessary_a we_o shall_v know_v the_o essence_n of_o each_o species_n which_o be_v that_o which_o constitute_v and_o bound_n it_o this_o in_o all_o simple_a idea_n and_o modes_n be_v not_o hard_a to_o do_v for_o in_o these_o the_o real_a and_o nominal_a essence_n be_v the_o same_o or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o the_o abstract_n idea_n the_o general_a term_n stand_v for_o be_v the_o sole_a essence_n and_o boundary_a that_o be_v or_o can_v be_v suppose_v of_o the_o species_n there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n how_o far_o the_o species_n extend_v or_o what_o thing_n be_v comprehend_v under_o each_o term_n which_o it_o be_v evident_a be_v all_o that_o have_v a_o exact_a conformity_n with_o the_o idea_n it_o stand_v for_o and_o no_o other_o but_o in_o substance_n where_o a_o real_a essence_n distinct_a from_o the_o nominal_a be_v suppose_v to_o constitute_v determine_v and_o bind_v the_o species_n there_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o general_a word_n be_v very_o uncertain_a because_o not_o know_v this_o real_a essence_n we_o can_v know_v what_o be_v or_o be_v not_o of_o that_o species_n and_o consequent_o what_o may_v or_o may_v not_o with_o certainty_n be_v affirm_v of_o it_o and_o thus_o speak_v of_o a_o man_n or_o gold_n or_o any_o other_o species_n of_o natural_a substance_n as_o suppose_v make_v by_o nature_n and_o partake_v of_o that_o real_a essence_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o constitute_v that_o species_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n make_v of_o it_o for_o man_n or_o gold_n take_v in_o this_o sense_n and_o use_v for_o species_n of_o thing_n constitute_v by_o real_a essence_n different_a from_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n stand_v for_o we_o know_v not_o what_o and_o the_o extent_n of_o these_o species_n with_o such_o boundary_n be_v so_o unknown_a and_o undetermined_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a with_o any_o certainty_n to_o affirm_v that_o all_o man_n be_v rational_a or_o that_o all_o gold_n be_v yellow_a but_o where_o the_o nominal_a essence_n be_v keep_v to_o as_o the_o boundary_a of_o each_o species_n and_o man_n extend_v the_o application_n of_o any_o general_a term_n no_o far_o than_o to_o the_o particular_a thing_n in_o which_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n it_o stand_v for_o be_v to_o be_v find_v there_o they_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n to_o mistake_v the_o bound_n of_o each_o species_n or_o be_v in_o doubt_n on_o this_o account_n whether_o any_o proposition_n be_v true_a or_o no._n i_o have_v choose_v to_o explain_v this_o uncertainty_n of_o proposition_n in_o this_o scholastic_a way_n and_o have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o term_n of_o essence_n and_o species_n on_o purpose_n to_o show_v the_o absurdity_n and_o inconvenience_n there_o be_v to_o think_v of_o they_o as_o of_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o reality_n than_o bare_o abstract_a idea_n with_o name_n to_o they_o to_o suppose_v that_o the_o species_n of_o thing_n be_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o sort_n of_o they_o under_o general_a name_n according_a as_o they_o
take_v from_o the_o five_o finger_n of_o one_o hand_n two_o and_o from_o the_o five_o finger_n of_o the_o other_o hand_n two_o the_o remain_a number_n will_v be_v equal_a these_o and_o a_o thousand_o other_o such_o proposition_n may_v be_v find_v in_o number_n which_o at_o very_a first_o hear_n force_v the_o assent_n and_o carry_v with_o they_o a_o equal_a if_o not_o great_a clearness_n than_o those_o mathematical_a axiom_n §_o 7._o four_o as_o to_o real_a existence_n since_o that_o have_v no_o connexion_n with_o any_o other_o of_o our_o idea_n but_o that_o of_o ourselves_o and_o of_o a_o first_o be_v we_o have_v in_o that_o concern_v the_o real_a existence_n of_o all_o other_o being_n not_o so_o much_o as_o demonstrative_a much_o less_o a_o self-evident_a knowledge_n and_o therefore_o concern_v those_o there_o be_v no_o maxim_n §_o 8._o in_o the_o next_o place_n let_v we_o consider_v what_o influence_n those_o receive_a maxim_n have_v upon_o the_o other_o part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n the_o rule_v establish_v in_o the_o school_n that_o all_o reason_n be_v ex_fw-la praecognitis_fw-la &_o prac_fw-la incessis_fw-la seem_v to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o other_o knowledge_n in_o these_o maxim_n and_o to_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v praecognita_fw-la whereby_o i_o think_v be_v mean_v these_o two_o thing_n first_o that_o these_o axiom_n be_v those_o truth_n that_o be_v first_o know_v to_o the_o mind_n and_o second_o that_o upon_o they_o the_o other_o part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n depend_v §_o 9_o first_o that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o truth_n first_o know_v to_o the_o mind_n be_v evident_a to_o experience_n who_o perceive_v not_o that_o a_o child_n certain_o know_v that_o a_o stranger_n be_v not_o its_o mother_n that_o its_o sucking-bottle_n be_v not_o the_o rod_n long_o before_o he_o know_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o beâ—_n and_o how_o many_o truth_n be_v there_o about_o number_n which_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o observe_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v perfect_o acquaint_v with_o and_o ul_o convince_v of_o before_o it_o ever_o think_v on_o these_o general_a maxim_n to_o which_o mathematician_n in_o their_o arguing_n do_v sometime_o refer_v they_o whereof_o the_o reason_n be_v very_o plain_a for_o that_o which_o make_v the_o mind_n assent_n to_o such_o proposition_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o perception_n it_o have_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o its_o idea_n according_a as_o it_o find_v they_o affirm_v or_o deny_v one_o of_o another_o in_o word_n it_o understand_v and_o every_o idea_n be_v know_v to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o every_o two_o distinct_a idea_n not_o to_o be_v same_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o such_o self-evident_a truth_n must_v be_v first_o know_v which_o consist_v of_o idea_n that_o be_v first_o in_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o idea_n first_o in_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v evident_a be_v those_o of_o particuliar_a thing_n from_o whence_o by_o slow_a degree_n the_o understanding_n proceed_v to_o some_o few_o general_a one_o which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o ordinary_a and_o familiar_a object_n of_o sense_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o mind_n with_o general_a name_n to_o they_o thus_o particular_a idea_n be_v first_o receive_v and_o distinguish_v and_o so_o knowledge_n get_v about_o they_o and_o next_o to_o they_o the_o less_o general_a or_o specific_a which_o be_v next_o to_o particular_a for_o abstract_a idea_n be_v not_o so_o obvious_a or_o easy_a to_o child_n or_o the_o yet_o unexercised_a mind_n as_o particular_a one_o if_o they_o seem_v so_o to_o grow_v man_n it_o be_v only_a because_o by_o constant_a and_o familiar_a use_n they_o be_v make_v so_o for_o when_o we_o necely_a reflect_v upon_o they_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o general_a idea_n be_v fiction_n and_o contrivance_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o carry_v difficulty_n with_o they_o and_o do_v not_o so_o easy_o offer_v themselves_o as_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o imagine_v for_o example_n do_v it_o not_o require_v some_o pain_n and_o skill_n to_o form_v the_o general_a idea_n of_o a_o triangle_n which_o be_v yet_o none_o of_o the_o most_o abstract_a comprehensive_a and_o difficult_a for_o it_o must_v be_v neither_o oblique_a nor_o rectangle_n neither_o equilateral_a equicrural_a nor_o scalenon_fw-mi but_o all_o and_o none_o of_o these_o at_o once_o in_o effect_n it_o be_v something_o imperfect_a that_o can_v exist_v a_o idea_n wherein_o some_o part_n of_o several_a different_a and_o inconsistent_a idea_n be_v put_v together_o it_o be_v true_a the_o mind_n in_o this_o imperfect_a state_n have_v need_n of_o such_o idea_n and_o make_v all_o the_o haste_n to_o they_o it_o can_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o communication_n and_o enlargement_n of_o knowledge_n to_o both_o which_o it_o be_v natural_o very_o much_o incline_v but_o yet_o one_o have_v reason_n to_o suspect_v such_o idea_n be_v mark_n of_o our_o imperfection_n at_o least_o this_o be_v enough_o to_o show_v that_o the_o most_o abstract_a and_o general_a idea_n be_v not_o those_o that_o the_o mind_n be_v first_o and_o most_o easy_o acquaint_v with_o nor_o such_o as_o its_o early_a knowledge_n be_v conversant_a about_o §_o 10._o second_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o plain_o follow_v that_o these_o magnify_a maxim_n be_v not_o the_o principle_n and_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o other_o knowledge_n for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o other_o truth_n which_o have_v as_o much_o self-evidence_n as_o they_o and_o a_o great_a many_o that_o we_o know_v before_o they_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v the_o principle_n from_o which_o we_o deduce_v all_o other_o truth_n be_v it_o impossible_a to_o know_v that_o one_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o three_o but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o or_o some_o such_o axiom_n viz._n the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n take_v together_o many_o a_o one_o know_v that_o one_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o three_o without_o have_v hear_v or_o think_v on_o that_o or_o any_o other_o axiom_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v and_o know_v it_o as_o certain_o as_o any_o other_o man_n know_v that_o the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n or_o any_o other_o maxim_n and_o all_o from_o the_o same_o reason_n of_o self-evidence_n the_o equality_n of_o those_o idea_n be_v as_o visible_a and_o certain_a to_o he_o without_o that_o or_o any_o other_o axiom_n as_o with_o it_o it_o need_v no_o proof_n to_o make_v it_o perceive_v nor_o after_o the_o knowledge_n that_o the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n do_v he_o know_v that_o one_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o three_o better_a or_o more_o certain_o than_o he_o do_v before_o for_o if_o there_o be_v any_o odds_o in_o those_o idea_n the_o whole_a and_o part_n be_v more_o obscure_a or_o at_o least_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o mind_n than_o those_o of_o one_o two_o and_o three_o and_o indeed_o i_o think_v i_o may_v ask_v these_o man_n who_o will_v needs_o have_v all_o knowledge_n beside_o those_o general_a principle_n themselves_o to_o depend_v on_o general_n innate_a and_o self-evident_a principle_n what_o principle_n be_v requisite_a to_o prove_v that_o one_o and_o one_o be_v two_o that_o two_o and_o two_o be_v four_o that_o three_o time_n two_o be_v six_o which_o be_v know_v without_o any_o proof_n do_v evince_n that_o either_o all_o knowledge_n do_v not_o depend_v on_o certain_a praecognita_fw-la or_o general_a maxim_n call_v principle_n or_o else_o that_o these_o be_v principle_n and_o if_o these_o be_v to_o be_v count_v principle_n a_o great_a part_n of_o numeration_n will_v be_v so_o to_o which_o if_o we_o add_v all_o the_o self-evident_a proposition_n may_v be_v make_v about_o all_o our_o distinct_a idea_n principle_n will_v be_v almost_o infinite_a at_o least_o innumerable_a which_o man_n arrive_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o at_o different_a age_n and_o a_o great_a many_o of_o these_o innate_a principle_n they_o never_o come_v to_o know_v all_o their_o life_n but_o whether_o they_o come_v in_o view_n of_o the_o mind_n early_o or_o late_a this_o be_v true_a of_o they_o that_o they_o be_v all_o know_v by_o their_o native_a evidence_n be_v whole_o independent_a receive_v no_o light_n nor_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o proof_n one_o from_o another_o much_o less_o the_o more_o particular_a from_o the_o more_o general_a or_o the_o more_o simple_a from_o the_o more_o compound_v the_o more_o simple_a and_o less_o abstract_n be_v the_o most_o familiar_a and_o the_o easy_a and_o early_o apprehend_v but_o whichever_o be_v the_o clear_a idea_n the_o evidence_n and_o certainty_n of_o all_o such_o proposition_n be_v in_o this_o that_o a_o man_n see_v the_o same_o idea_n to_o be_v the_o same_o idea_n and_o infallible_o perceive_v two_o
contain_v in_o the_o other_o twenty_o time_n and_o contain_v the_o other_o twelve_o which_o a_o man_n may_v also_o do_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n by_o make_v they_o in_o respect_n of_o one_o another_o more_o or_o less_o or_o equal_o comprehensive_a §_o 11._o though_o yet_o concern_v most_o word_n use_v in_o discourse_n especial_o argumentative_a and_o controversial_a there_o be_v this_o more_o to_o be_v complain_v of_o which_o be_v the_o worst_a sort_n of_o trifle_a and_o which_o set_v we_o yet_o far_o from_o the_o certainty_n of_o knowledge_n we_o hope_v to_o attain_v by_o they_o or_o find_v in_o they_o viz._n that_o most_o writer_n be_v so_o far_o from_o instruct_v we_o in_o the_o nature_n and_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n that_o they_o use_v their_o word_n loose_o and_o uncertain_o and_o do_v not_o by_o use_v they_o constant_o and_o steady_o in_o the_o same_o signification_n make_v plain_a and_o clear_a deduction_n of_o word_n one_o from_o another_o and_o make_v their_o discourse_n coherent_a and_o clear_a how_o little_a soever_o it_o be_v instructive_a which_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o do_v do_v they_o not_o find_v it_o convenient_a to_o shelter_v their_o ignorance_n or_o obstinacy_n under_o the_o obscurity_n and_o perplexedness_n of_o their_o term_n to_o which_o perhaps_o inadvertency_n and_o ill_a custom_n do_v in_o many_o man_n much_o contribute_v §_o 12._o to_o conclude_v bare_o verbal_a proposition_n may_v be_v know_v by_o these_o follow_a mark_n first_o all_o proposition_n wherein_o two_o abstract_a term_n be_v affirm_v one_o of_o another_o be_v bare_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o sound_n for_o since_o no_o abstract_a idea_n can_v be_v the_o same_o with_o any_o other_o but_o its_o self_n when_o its_o abstract_n name_n be_v affirm_v of_o any_o other_o term_n it_o can_v signify_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o it_o may_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n or_o that_o these_o two_o name_n signify_v the_o same_o idea_n thus_o shall_v any_o one_o say_v that_o parsimony_n be_v frugality_n that_o gratitude_n be_v justice_n that_o this_o or_o that_o action_n be_v or_o â—s_v not_o temperance_n however_o specious_a these_o and_o the_o like_a proposition_n may_v at_o first_o sight_n seem_v yet_o when_o we_o come_v to_o press_v they_o and_o examine_v nice_o what_o they_o contain_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o all_o amount_n to_o nothing_o but_o the_o signfication_n of_o those_o term_n §_o 13._o second_o all_o proposition_n wherein_o a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o any_o term_n stand_v for_o be_v predicate_v of_o that_o term_n be_v only_o verbal_a v_o g._n to_o say_v that_o gold_n be_v a_o metal_n or_o heavy_a and_o thus_o all_o proposition_n wherein_o more_o comprehensive_a word_n call_v genera_n be_v affirm_v of_o subordinate_a or_o less_o comprehensive_a call_v species_n or_o individual_n be_v bare_o verbal_a when_o by_o these_o two_o rule_n we_o have_v examine_v the_o proposition_n that_o make_v up_o the_o discourse_n we_o ordinary_o meet_v with_o both_o in_o and_o out_o of_o book_n we_o shall_v perhaps_o find_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o than_o be_v usual_o suspect_v be_v pure_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o contain_v nothing_o in_o they_o but_o the_o use_n and_o application_n of_o these_o sign_n this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v lay_v down_o for_o a_o infallible_a rule_n that_o wherever_o the_o distinct_a idea_n any_o word_n stand_v for_o be_v not_o know_v and_o consider_v and_o something_o not_o contain_v in_o that_o idea_n be_v not_o affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o it_o there_o our_o thought_n stick_v whole_o in_o sound_n and_o be_v able_a to_o attain_v no_o real_a truth_n or_o falsehood_n this_o perhaps_o if_o well_o heed_v may_v save_v we_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o useless_a amusement_n and_o dispute_n and_o very_o much_o shorten_v our_o trouble_n and_o wander_v in_o the_o search_n of_o real_a and_o true_a knowledge_n chap._n ix_o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o existence_n §_o 1._o hitherto_o we_o have_v only_o consider_v the_o essence_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v only_o abstract_a idea_n and_o thereby_o remove_v in_o our_o thought_n from_o particular_a existence_n that_o be_v the_o proper_a operation_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o abstraction_n to_o consider_v a_o idea_n under_o no_o other_o existence_n but_o what_o it_o have_v in_o the_o understanding_n give_v we_o no_o knowledge_n of_o real_a existence_n at_o all_o where_o by_o the_o way_n we_o take_v notice_n that_o universal_a proposition_n of_o who_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n we_o can_v have_v certain_a knowledge_n concern_v not_o existence_n and_o far_o that_o all_o particular_a affirmation_n or_o negation_n that_o will_v not_o be_v certain_a if_o they_o be_v make_v general_a be_v only_o concern_v existence_n they_o declare_v only_o the_o accidental_a union_n or_o separation_n of_o idea_n in_o thing_n exist_v which_o in_o their_o abstract_n nature_n have_v no_o know_v necessary_a union_n or_o repugnancy_n §_o 2._o but_o leave_v the_o nature_n of_o proposition_n and_o different_a way_n of_o predication_n to_o be_v consider_v more_o at_o large_a in_o another_o place_n let_v we_o proceed_v now_o to_o inquire_v concern_v our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n and_o how_o we_o come_v by_o it_o i_o say_v then_o that_o we_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o existence_n by_o intuition_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o god_n by_o demonstrationâ—_n and_o of_o other_o thing_n by_o sensation_n §_o 3._o as_o for_o our_o own_o existence_n we_o perceive_v it_o so_o plain_o and_o so_o certain_o that_o it_o neither_o needs_o nor_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o proof_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a to_o we_o than_o our_o own_o existence_n i_o think_v i_o reason_n i_o feel_v pleasure_n and_o pain_n can_v any_o of_o these_o be_v more_o evident_a to_o i_o than_o my_o own_o existence_n if_o i_o doubt_v of_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o very_a doubt_n make_v i_o perceive_v my_o own_o existence_n and_o will_v not_o suffer_v i_o to_o doubt_v of_o that_o for_o if_o i_o know_v i_o feel_v pain_n it_o be_v evident_a i_o have_v as_o certain_a a_o perception_n of_o my_o own_o existence_n as_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o pain_n i_o feel_v or_o if_o i_o know_v i_o doubt_v i_o have_v as_o certain_a a_o perception_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o thing_n doubt_v as_o of_o that_o thought_n which_o i_o call_v doubt_n experience_n then_o convince_v we_o that_o we_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o existence_n and_o a_o internal_a infallible_a perception_n that_o we_o be_v in_o every_o act_n of_o sensation_n reason_v or_o think_v we_o be_v conscious_a to_o ourselves_o of_o our_o own_o be_v and_o in_o this_o matter_n come_v not_o short_a of_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o certainty_n chap._n x._o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god._n §_o 1._o though_o god_n have_v give_v we_o no_o innate_a idea_n of_o himself_o though_o he_o have_v stamp_v no_o original_a character_n in_o our_o mind_n wherein_o we_o may_v read_v his_o be_v yet_o have_v furnish_v we_o with_o those_o faculty_n our_o mind_n be_v endow_v with_o he_o have_v not_o leave_v himself_o without_o witness_n since_o we_o have_v sense_n perception_n and_o reason_n and_o can_v want_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o he_o as_o long_o as_o we_o carry_v ourselves_o about_o we_o nor_o can_v we_o just_o complain_v of_o our_o ignorance_n in_o this_o great_a point_n since_o he_o have_v so_o plentiful_o provide_v we_o with_o the_o mean_n to_o discover_v and_o know_v he_o so_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n of_o our_o be_v and_o the_o great_a concernment_n of_o our_o happiness_n but_o though_o this_o be_v the_o most_o obvious_a truth_n that_o reason_n discover_v and_o though_o its_o evidence_n be_v if_o i_o mistake_v not_o equal_a to_o mathematical_a certainty_n yet_o it_o require_v thought_n and_o attention_n and_o the_o mind_n must_v apply_v its_o self_n to_o a_o regular_a deduction_n of_o it_o from_o some_o unquestionable_a part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n or_o else_o we_o shall_v be_v as_o uncertain_a and_o ignorant_a of_o this_o as_o of_o other_o proposition_n which_o be_v in_o themselves_o capable_a of_o clear_a demonstration_n to_o show_v therefore_o that_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o know_v certain_o know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n and_o how_o we_o come_v by_o it_o i_o think_v we_o need_v look_v no_o far_o than_o ourselves_o and_o that_o undoubted_a knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o our_o own_o existence_n §_o 2._o i_o think_v it_o be_v beyond_o question_n that_o man_n have_v a_o clear_a perception_n of_o his_o own_o be_v he_o know_v certain_o that_o he_o exist_v and_o that_o he_o be_v something_o he_o that_o can_v doubt_v whether_o he_o be_v any_o thing_n or_o no_o i_o speak_v
world_n but_o perish_v quick_o the_o wholesomeness_n of_o his_o meat_n or_o drink_n will_v be_v scarce_o capable_a of_o certainty_n enough_o to_o give_v he_o reason_n to_o venture_v on_o it_o and_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v what_o it_o be_v he_o can_v do_v upon_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v capable_a of_o no_o doubt_n no_o objection_n §_o 11._o as_o when_o our_o sense_n be_v actual_o employ_v about_o any_o object_n we_o do_v know_v that_o it_o do_v exist_v so_o by_o our_o memory_n we_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o heretofore_o thing_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n have_v exi_v and_o thus_o we_o have_v knowledge_n of_o the_o past_a existence_n of_o several_a thing_n whereof_o our_o sense_n have_v inform_v we_o our_o memory_n still_o retain_v the_o idea_n and_o of_o this_o we_o be_v pass_v all_o doubt_n so_o long_o as_o we_o remember_v well_o but_o this_o knowledge_n also_o reach_v no_o far_a than_o our_o sense_n have_v former_o assure_v we_o thus_o see_v water_n at_o this_o instant_n it_o be_v a_o unquestionable_a truth_n to_o i_o that_o water_n do_v exist_v and_o remember_v that_o i_o see_v it_o yesterday_o it_o will_v also_o be_v always_o true_a and_o as_o long_o as_o my_o memory_n retain_v it_o always_o a_o undoubted_a proposition_n to_o i_o that_o water_n do_v exist_v 10_o july_n 1688._o as_o it_o will_v also_o be_v equal_o true_a that_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o very_o fine_a colour_n do_v exist_v which_o at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o see_v upon_o a_o bubble_n of_o that_o water_n but_o be_v now_o quite_o out_o of_o the_o sight_n both_o of_o the_o water_n and_o bubble_n too_o it_o be_v no_o more_o certain_o know_v to_o i_o that_o the_o water_n do_v exist_v than_o that_o the_o bubble_n or_o colour_n therein_o it_o be_v no_o more_o necessary_a that_o water_n shall_v exist_v to_o day_n because_o it_o exist_v yesterday_o than_o that_o the_o colour_n or_o bubble_n exist_v to_o day_n because_o they_o exist_v yesterday_o though_o it_o be_v exceed_o much_o more_o probable_a because_o water_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o continue_v long_o in_o existence_n but_o bubble_n and_o the_o colour_n on_o they_o quick_o cease_v to_o be_v §_o 12._o what_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o spirit_n and_o how_o we_o come_v by_o they_o i_o have_v already_o show_v but_o though_o we_o have_v those_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o know_v we_o have_v they_o there_o the_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o spirit_n do_v not_o make_v we_o know_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n do_v exist_v without_o we_o or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o finite_a spirit_n or_o any_o other_o spiritual_a being_n but_o the_o eternal_a god._n we_o have_v ground_n from_o revelation_n and_o several_a other_o reason_n to_o believe_v with_o assurance_n that_o there_o be_v such_o creature_n but_o our_o sense_n not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v they_o we_o want_v the_o mean_n of_o know_v their_o particular_a existence_n for_o we_o can_v no_o more_o know_v that_o there_o be_v finite_a spirit_n real_o exist_v by_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o such_o being_n in_o our_o mind_n than_o by_o the_o idea_n any_o one_o have_v of_o fairy_n or_o centaur_n he_o can_v come_v to_o know_v that_o thing_n answer_v those_o idea_n do_v real_o exist_v and_o therefore_o concern_v the_o existence_n of_o finite_a spirit_n as_o well_o as_o several_a other_o thing_n we_o must_v content_v ourselves_o with_o the_o evidence_n of_o faith_n but_o universal_a certain_a proposition_n concern_v this_o matter_n be_v beyond_o our_o reach_n for_o however_o true_a it_o may_v be_v v_o g._n that_o all_o the_o intelligent_a spirit_n that_o god_n ever_o create_v do_v still_o exist_v yet_o it_o can_v never_o make_v a_o part_n of_o our_o certain_a knowledge_n these_o and_o the_o like_a proposition_n we_o may_v assent_v to_o as_o high_o probable_a but_o be_v not_o i_o fear_v in_o this_o sâ—ate_n capable_a of_o know_v we_o be_v not_o then_o to_o put_v other_o upon_o demonstrate_v nor_o ourselves_o upon_o search_n of_o universal_a certainty_n in_o all_o those_o matter_n wherein_o we_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o any_o other_o knowledge_n but_o what_o our_o sense_n give_v we_o in_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a §_o 13._o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o proposition_n one_o concern_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n answerable_a to_o such_o a_o idea_n as_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o elephant_n phoenix_n motion_n or_o a_o angel_n in_o my_o mind_n the_o first_o and_o natural_a enquiry_n be_v whether_o such_o a_o thing_n do_v any_o where_o exist_v and_o this_o knowledge_n be_v only_o of_o particular_n no_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n without_o we_o but_o only_o of_o god_n can_v certain_o be_v know_v far_a than_o our_o sense_n inform_v we_o there_o be_v another_o fort_n of_o proposition_n wherein_o be_v express_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o abstract_n idea_n and_o their_o dependence_n one_o on_o another_o and_o such_o proposition_n may_v be_v universal_a and_o certain_a so_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o god_n and_o myself_o of_o fear_n and_o obedience_n i_o can_v but_o be_v sure_a that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v fear_v and_o obey_v by_o i_o and_o this_o proposition_n will_v be_v certain_a concern_v man_n in_o general_n if_o i_o have_v make_v a_o abstract_n idea_n of_o such_o a_o species_n whereof_o i_o be_o one_o particular_a but_o yet_o this_o proposition_n how_o certain_a soever_o that_o man_n ought_v to_o fear_v and_o obey_v god_n prove_v not_o to_o i_o the_o existence_n of_o man_n in_o the_o world_n but_o will_v be_v true_a of_o all_o such_o creature_n whenever_o they_o do_v exist_v which_o certainty_n of_o such_o general_a proposition_n depend_v on_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v in_o those_o abstract_n idea_n §_o 14._o in_o the_o former_a case_n our_o knowledge_n be_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n produce_v idea_n in_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sensesâ—_n in_o the_o latter_a knowledge_n be_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o our_o mind_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v and_o produce_v general_a certain_a proposition_n many_o whereof_o be_v call_v aeterâ—ae_fw-la veritates_fw-la and_o be_v indeed_o so_o not_o from_o be_v write_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o man_n or_o that_o they_o be_v before_o the_o world_n but_o wheresoever_o we_o can_v suppose_v such_o a_o creature_n as_o man_n be_v endow_v with_o such_o faculty_n and_o thereby_o furnish_v with_o such_o idea_n as_o we_o have_v we_o must_v conclude_v he_o must_v needs_o when_o he_o apply_v his_o thought_n to_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o idea_n know_v the_o truth_n of_o certain_a proposition_n that_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n he_o will_v perceive_v among_o they_o for_o name_n be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v perpetual_o for_o the_o same_o idea_n and_o the_o same_o idea_n have_v immutable_o the_o same_o habitude_n one_o to_o another_o proposition_n concern_v any_o abstract_a idea_n that_o be_v onâ—e_o true_a must_v needs_o be_v eternal_a verity_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o improvement_n of_o our_o knowledge_n §_o 1._o it_o have_v be_v the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n among_o man_n of_o letter_n that_o maxim_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o knowledge_n and_o that_o the_o science_n be_v each_o of_o they_o build_v upon_o certain_a praecognita_fw-la from_o whence_o the_o understanding_n be_v to_o take_v its_o rise_n and_o by_o which_o it_o be_v to_o conduct_v itself_o in_o its_o inquiry_n into_o the_o matter_n belong_v to_o that_o science_n the_o beat_a road_n of_o the_o school_n have_v be_v to_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o beginning_n one_o or_o more_o general_a proposition_n as_o foundation_n whereon_o to_o build_v the_o knowledge_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o that_o subject_a these_o doctrine_n thus_o lay_v down_o for_o foundation_n of_o any_o science_n be_v call_v principle_n as_o the_o beginning_n from_o which_o we_o must_v set_v out_o and_o look_v no_o far_o backward_o in_o our_o inquiry_n but_o take_v these_o for_o certain_a and_o unquestionable_a truth_n and_o establish_v principle_n §_o 2._o that_o which_o give_v occasion_n to_o this_o way_n of_o proceed_v in_o other_o science_n be_v as_o i_o suppose_v the_o good_a success_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v in_o mathematics_n wherein_o man_n be_v observe_v to_o attain_v a_o great_a certainty_n of_o knowledge_n these_o science_n come_v by_o pre-eminence_n to_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d learning_n or_o thing_n learn_v thorough_o learn_v as_o have_v of_o all_o other_o the_o great_a certainty_n clearness_n and_o evidence_n in_o they_o §_o 3._o but_o if_o any_o one_o will_v consider_v he_o will_v i_o guess_v find_v that_o the_o great_a advancement_n and_o certainty_n of_o real_a
knowledge_n man_n arrive_v to_o in_o these_o science_n be_v not_o owe_v to_o the_o influence_n of_o their_o principle_n nor_o derive_v from_o any_o peculiar_a advantage_n they_o receive_v from_o two_o or_o three_o general_a maxim_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o beginning_n but_o from_o the_o clear_a distinct_a complete_a idea_n their_o thought_n be_v employ_v about_o and_o the_o relation_n of_o equality_n and_o excess_n so_o clear_a between_o some_o of_o they_o that_o they_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n and_o by_o that_o a_o way_n to_o discover_v it_o in_o other_o and_o this_o without_o the_o help_n of_o those_o maxim_n for_o i_o ask_v be_v it_o not_o possible_a for_o a_o young_a lad_n to_o know_v that_o his_o whole_a body_n be_v big_a than_o his_o little_a finger_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o axiom_n that_o the_o whole_a be_v big_a than_o a_o part_n nor_o be_v assure_v of_o it_o till_o he_o have_v learn_v that_o maxim_n or_o can_v a_o country-wench_n know_v that_o have_v receive_v a_o shilling_n from_o one_o that_o owe_v she_o three_o and_o a_o shilling_n also_o from_o another_o that_o owe_v she_o three_o that_o the_o remain_a debt_n in_o each_o of_o their_o hand_n be_v equal_a can_v she_o know_v this_o i_o say_v without_o she_o fetch_v the_o certainty_n of_o it_o from_o this_o maxim_n that_o if_o you_o take_v equal_n from_o equal_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v equal_n a_o maxim_n which_o possible_o the_o never_a hear_v or_o think_v of_o i_o desire_v any_o one_o to_o consider_v which_o be_v know_v first_o and_o clear_a by_o most_o people_n the_o particular_a instance_n or_o the_o general_a rule_n and_o which_o it_o be_v that_o give_v life_n and_o birth_n to_o the_o other_o these_o general_a rule_n be_v but_o the_o compare_v our_o more_o general_a and_o abstract_a idea_n which_o be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o mind_n make_v and_o name_n give_v to_o they_o for_o the_o easy_a dispatch_n in_o its_o reason_n and_o draw_v into_o comprehensive_a term_n and_o short_a rule_n its_o various_a and_o multiply_v observation_n but_o knowledge_n begin_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o be_v found_v on_o particular_n though_o afterward_o perhaps_o no_o notice_n be_v take_v thereof_o it_o be_v natural_a for_o the_o mind_n forward_o still_o to_o enlarge_v its_o knowledge_n most_o attentive_o to_o lay_v up_o those_o general_a notion_n and_o make_v the_o proper_a use_n of_o they_o which_o be_v to_o disburden_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o cumbersome_a load_n of_o particular_n §_o 4._o but_o be_v it_o in_o the_o mathematics_n as_o it_o will_v whether_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o take_v a_o inch_n from_o a_o black_a line_n of_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o inch_n from_o a_o red_a line_n of_o two_o inch_n the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o two_o line_n will_v be_v equal_a or_o that_o if_o you_o take_v equal_n from_o equal_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v equal_n which_o i_o say_v of_o these_o two_o be_v the_o clear_a and_o first_o know_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o one_o to_o determine_v it_o not_o be_v material_a to_o my_o present_a occasion_n that_o which_o i_o have_v here_o to_o do_v be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o if_o it_o be_v the_o ready_a way_n to_o knowledged_a to_o begin_v with_o general_a maxim_n and_o build_v upon_o they_o it_o be_v yet_o a_o safe_a way_n to_o take_v the_o principle_n which_o be_v lay_v down_o in_o any_o other_o science_n as_o unquestionable_a truth_n and_o so_o receive_v they_o without_o examination_n and_o adhere_v to_o they_o without_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v doubt_v of_o because_o mathematician_n have_v be_v so_o happy_a or_o so_o fair_a to_o use_v none_o but_o self-evident_a and_o undeniable_a if_o this_o be_v so_o i_o know_v not_o what_o may_v not_o pass_v for_o truth_n in_o morality_n what_o may_v not_o be_v introduce_v and_o improve_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n let_v that_o principle_n of_o some_o of_o the_o old_a philosopher_n that_o all_o be_v matter_n and_o that_o there_o be_v nothing_o else_o be_v receive_v for_o certain_a and_o indubitable_a and_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o write_n of_o some_o that_o have_v revive_v it_o again_o in_o our_o day_n what_o consequence_n it_o will_v lead_v we_o into_o let_v any_o one_o with_o polemo_n take_v the_o world_n or_o with_o the_o stoic_n the_o aether_n or_o the_o sun_n or_o with_o aneximenes_n the_o air_n to_o be_v god_n and_o what_o a_o divinity_n religion_n and_o worship_n must_v we_o needs_o have_v nothing_o can_v be_v so_o dangerous_a as_o principle_n thus_o take_v up_o without_o question_v or_o examination_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o concern_v morality_n which_o influence_n man_n life_n and_o give_v a_o bias_n to_o all_o their_o action_n who_o may_v not_o just_o expect_v another_o kind_n of_o life_n in_o aristippus_n who_o place_v happiness_n in_o bodily_a pleasure_n and_o in_o antisthenes_n who_o make_v virtue_n sufficient_a to_o felicity_n and_o he_o who_o with_o plato_n shall_v place_v beatitude_n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n will_v have_v his_o thought_n raise_v to_o other_o contemplation_n than_o those_o who_o look_v not_o beyond_o this_o spot_n of_o earth_n and_o those_o perish_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v have_v in_o it_o he_o that_o with_o archelaus_n shall_v lay_v it_o down_o as_o a_o principle_n that_o right_o and_o wrong_n honest_a and_o dishonest_a be_v define_v only_o by_o law_n and_o not_o by_o nature_n will_v have_v other_o measure_n of_o moral_a rectitude_n and_o pravity_n than_o those_o who_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o we_o be_v under_o obligation_n antecedent_n to_o all_o (null)_o constitution_n §_o 5._o if_o therefore_o those_o that_o pass_v for_o principle_n be_v not_o certain_a which_o we_o must_v have_v some_o way_n to_o know_v that_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o those_o that_o be_v doubtful_a but_o be_v only_o make_v so_o to_o we_o by_o our_o blind_a assent_n we_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v mislead_v by_o they_o and_o instead_o of_o be_v guide_v into_o truth_n we_o shall_v by_o principle_n be_v only_o confirm_v in_o mistake_n and_o error_n §_o 6._o but_o since_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o certainty_n of_o principle_n as_o well_o as_o of_o all_o other_o truth_n depend_v only_o upon_o the_o perception_n we_o have_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n the_o way_n to_o improve_v our_o knowledge_n be_v not_o i_o be_o sure_a blind_o and_o with_o a_o implicit_a faith_n to_o receive_v and_o swallow_v principle_n but_o be_v i_o think_v to_o get_v and_o fix_v in_o our_o mind_n clear_a distinct_a and_o complete_a idea_n as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o annex_v to_o they_o proper_a and_o constant_a name_n and_o thus_o perhaps_o without_o any_o other_o principle_n but_o bare_o consider_v those_o perfect_a idea_n and_o by_o compare_v they_o one_o with_o another_o find_v their_o agreement_n and_o disagreement_n and_o their_o several_a relation_n and_o habitude_n we_o shall_v get_v more_o true_a and_o clear_a knowledge_n by_o the_o conduct_n of_o this_o one_o rule_n than_o by_o take_v up_o principle_n and_o thereby_o put_v our_o mind_n into_o the_o disposal_n of_o other_o §_o 7._o we_o must_v therefore_o if_o we_o will_v proceed_v as_o reason_n advise_v adapt_v our_o method_n of_o enquiry_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o idea_n we_o examine_v and_o the_o truth_n we_o search_v after_o general_n and_o certain_a truth_n be_v only_o found_v in_o the_o habitude_n and_o relation_n of_o abstract_n idea_n a_o sagacious_a and_o methodical_a application_n of_o our_o thought_n for_o the_o find_v out_o these_o relation_n be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o discover_v all_o that_o can_v be_v put_v with_o truth_n and_o certainty_n concern_v they_o into_o general_a proposition_n by_o what_o step_v we_o be_v to_o proceed_v be_v to_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o school_n of_o the_o mathematician_n who_o from_o very_o plain_a and_o easy_a beginning_n by_o gentle_a degree_n and_o a_o continue_a chain_n of_o reason_v proceed_v to_o the_o discovery_n and_o demonstration_n of_o truth_n that_o appear_v at_o first_o sight_n beyond_o (null)_o capacity_n the_o art_n of_o find_v proof_n and_o the_o idea_n that_o demonstrative_o show_v the_o equality_n or_o inequality_n of_o unapplicable_a quantity_n be_v i_o confess_v of_o great_a help_n to_o they_o but_o whether_o something_o like_o this_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o idea_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o magnitude_n may_v not_o in_o time_n be_v find_v out_o i_o will_v not_o determine_v this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v that_o if_o other_o idea_n that_o be_v the_o real_a as_o well_o as_o nominal_a essence_n of_o their_o species_n be_v pursue_v in_o the_o way_n familiar_a to_o mathematician_n they_o will_v carry_v our_o thought_n far_o and_o with_o great_a evidence_n and_o clearness_n
than_o possible_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o imagine_v §_o 8._o this_o give_v i_o the_o confidence_n to_o advance_v that_o conjecture_n which_o i_o suggest_v chap._n 3._o viz._n that_o morality_n be_v capable_a of_o demonstration_n as_o well_o as_o mathematics_n for_o the_o idea_n that_o ethic_n be_v conversant_a about_o be_v all_o real_a essence_n and_o such_o as_o i_o imagine_v have_v a_o discoverable_a connexion_n and_o agreement_n one_o with_o another_o so_o far_o as_o we_o can_v find_v their_o habitude_n and_o relation_n so_o far_o we_o shall_v be_v possess_v of_o certain_a real_a and_o general_a truth_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o if_o a_o right_a method_n be_v take_v a_o great_a part_n of_o morality_n may_v be_v make_v out_o with_o that_o clearness_n that_o can_v leave_v to_o a_o consider_v man_n no_o more_o reason_n to_o doubt_v than_o he_o can_v have_v to_o doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o proposition_n in_o mathematics_n which_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v to_o he_o §_o 9_o in_o our_o search_n after_o the_o knowledge_n of_o substance_n our_o want_n of_o idea_n that_o be_v suitable_a to_o such_o a_o way_n of_o proceed_v oblige_v we_o to_o a_o quite_o different_a method_n we_o advance_v not_o here_o as_o in_o the_o other_o where_o our_o abstract_n idea_n be_v real_a as_o well_o as_o nominal_a essence_n by_o contemplate_v our_o idea_n and_o consider_v their_o relation_n and_o correspondency_n that_o help_v we_o very_o little_a for_o the_o reason_n that_o in_o another_o place_n we_o have_v at_o large_a show_v by_o which_o i_o think_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o substance_n afford_v matter_n of_o very_a little_a general_a knowledge_n and_o the_o bare_a contemplation_n of_o their_o abstract_n idea_n will_v carry_v we_o but_o a_o very_a little_a way_n in_o the_o search_n of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n what_o then_o be_v we_o to_o do_v for_o the_o improvement_n of_o our_o knowledge_n in_o substantial_a being_n here_o we_o be_v to_o take_v a_o quite_o contrary_a course_n the_o want_n of_o idea_n of_o their_o real_a essence_n send_v we_o from_o our_o own_o thought_n from_o contemplate_v and_o draw_v consequence_n from_o our_o own_o idea_n to_o the_o thing_n themselves_o as_o they_o exist_v experience_n must_v teach_v i_o what_o reason_n can_v and_o by_o try_v it_o be_v alone_a that_o i_o can_v certain_o know_v what_o other_o quality_n co-exist_a with_o those_o of_o my_o complex_fw-la idea_n v_o g._n whether_o that_o yellow_a heavy_a fusible_a body_n i_o call_v gold_n be_v malleable_a or_o no_o which_o experience_n which_o way_n ever_o it_o prove_v in_o that_o particular_a body_n i_o examine_v make_v i_o not_o certain_a that_o it_o be_v so_o in_o all_o or_o any_o other_o yellow_a heavy_a fusible_a body_n but_o that_o which_o i_o have_v try_v because_o it_o be_v no_o consequence_n one_o way_n or_o to_o other_o from_o my_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o necessity_n or_o inconsistence_n of_o malleability_n have_v no_o visible_a connection_n with_o the_o combination_n of_o that_o colour_n weight_n and_o fusibility_n in_o any_o body_n what_o i_o have_v say_v here_o of_o the_o nominal_a essence_n of_o gold_n suppose_v to_o consist_v of_o a_o body_n of_o such_o a_o determinate_a colour_n weight_n and_o fusibility_n will_v hold_v true_a if_o malleableness_n fixedness_n and_o solubility_n in_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la be_v add_v to_o it_o our_o reason_n from_o these_o idea_n will_v carry_v we_o but_o a_o little_a way_n in_o the_o certain_a discovery_n of_o the_o other_o property_n in_o those_o mass_n of_o matter_n wherein_o all_o these_o be_v to_o be_v find_v because_o the_o other_o property_n of_o such_o body_n depend_v not_o on_o these_o but_o on_o that_o unknown_a real_a essence_n on_o which_o these_o also_o depend_v we_o can_v by_v they_o discover_v the_o rest_n we_o can_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o our_o nominal_a essence_n will_v carry_v we_o which_o be_v very_o little_a beyond_o themselves_o and_o so_o afford_v we_o but_o very_o spare_o any_o certain_a universal_a and_o useful_a truth_n for_o upon_o trial_n have_v find_v that_o particular_a piece_n and_o all_o other_o of_o that_o colour_n weight_n and_o fusibility_n that_o i_o ever_o try_v malleable_a that_o also_o make_v now_o perhaps_o a_o part_n of_o my_o complex_fw-la idea_n part_n of_o my_o nominal_a essence_n of_o gold_n whereby_o though_o i_o make_v my_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o i_o affix_v the_o name_n gold_n to_o consist_v to_o more_o simple_a idea_n than_o before_o yet_o still_o it_o not_o contain_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o any_o species_n of_o body_n it_o help_v i_o not_o certain_o to_o know_v i_o say_v to_o know_v perhaps_o it_o may_v to_o conjecture_v the_o other_o remain_a property_n of_o that_o body_n far_o than_o they_o have_v a_o visible_a connection_n with_o some_o or_o all_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o make_v up_o my_o nominal_a essence_n for_o example_n i_o can_v be_v certain_a from_o this_o complex_fw-la idea_n whether_o gold_n be_v fix_v or_o no_o because_o as_o before_o there_o be_v no_o necessary_a connection_n or_o inconsistence_n to_o be_v discover_v betwixt_o a_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o body_n yellow_a heavy_a fusible_a malleable_a betwixt_o these_o i_o say_v and_o fixedness_n so_o that_o i_o may_v certain_o know_v that_o in_o whatsoever_o body_n those_o be_v find_v there_o fixedness_n be_v sure_a to_o be_v here_o again_o for_o assurance_n i_o must_v apply_v myself_o to_o experience_n as_o far_o as_o that_o reach_n i_o may_v have_v certain_a knowledge_n but_o no_o far_o §_o 10._o i_o deny_v not_o but_o a_o man_n accustom_v to_o rational_a and_o regular_a experiment_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o see_v far_o into_o the_o nature_n of_o body_n and_o guess_v right_a at_o their_o yet_o unknown_a property_n than_o one_o that_o be_v a_o stranger_n to_o they_o but_o yet_o as_o i_o have_v say_v this_o be_v but_o judgement_n and_o opinion_n not_o knowledge_n and_o certainty_n this_o way_n of_o attain_v and_o improve_n our_o knowledge_n in_o substance_n only_o by_o experience_n and_o history_n to_o which_o the_o weakness_n of_o our_o faculty_n in_o this_o state_n of_o mediocrity_n we_o be_v in_o in_o this_o world_n make_v i_o suspect_v that_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o be_v make_v a_o science_n we_o be_v able_a i_o imagine_v to_o reach_v very_o little_a general_a knowledge_n concern_v the_o species_n of_o body_n and_o their_o several_a property_n experiment_n and_o historical_a observation_n we_o may_v have_v from_o which_o we_o may_v draw_v advantage_n of_o ease_n and_o health_n and_o thereby_o increase_v our_o stock_n of_o convenience_n for_o this_o life_n but_o beyond_o this_o our_o talent_n reach_v not_o our_o faculty_n can_v attain_v §_o 11._o from_o whence_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o conclude_v that_o since_o our_o faculty_n be_v not_o fit_v to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o internal_a fabric_n and_o real_a essence_n of_o body_n but_o yet_o plain_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o ourselves_o enough_o to_o lead_v we_o into_o a_o full_a and_o clear_a discovery_n of_o our_o duty_n and_o great_a concernment_n it_o will_v become_v we_o as_o rational_a creature_n to_o employ_v our_o faculty_n about_o what_o they_o be_v most_o adopt_v to_o and_o follow_v the_o direction_n of_o nature_n where_o it_o seem_v to_o point_v we_o out_o the_o way_n for_o it_o be_v rational_a to_o conclude_v that_o our_o proper_a employment_n lie_v in_o those_o inquiry_n and_o in_o that_o sort_n of_o knowledge_n which_o be_v most_o suit_v to_o our_o natural_a capacity_n and_o carry_v in_o it_o our_o great_a interest_n i._n e._n the_o condition_n of_o our_o eternal_a estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v i_o think_v that_o morality_n be_v the_o proper_a science_n and_o business_n of_o mankind_n in_o general_n who_o be_v both_o concern_v and_o fit_v to_o search_v out_o their_o summum_fw-la bonum_fw-la as_o several_a art_n conversant_a about_o several_a part_n of_o nature_n be_v the_o lot_n and_o private_a talon_n of_o particular_a man_n for_o the_o common_a convenience_n of_o (null)_o life_n and_o their_o own_o particular_a subsistence_n in_o this_o world_n of_o what_o consequence_n the_o discovery_n of_o one_o natural_a body_n and_o its_o property_n may_v be_v to_o (null)_o life_n the_o whole_a great_a continent_n of_o america_n be_v a_o convince_a instance_n who_o ignorance_n in_o useful_a art_n and_o want_v of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o conveniency_n of_o life_n in_o a_o country_n that_o abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o natural_a plenty_n i_o think_v may_v be_v attribute_v to_o their_o ignorance_n of_o what_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o a_o very_a ordinary_a despicable_a stone_n i_o mean_v the_o mineral_n of_o iron_n and_o whatever_o we_o think_v of_o our_o part_n or_o improvement_n in_o
see_v nor_o hear_v of_o any_o such_o thing_n before_o there_o the_o whole_a probability_n rely_v on_o testimony_n and_o as_o the_o relator_n be_v more_o in_o number_n and_o of_o more_o credit_n and_o have_v no_o interest_n to_o speak_v contrary_a to_o the_o truth_n so_o that_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v like_a to_o find_v more_o or_o less_o belief_n though_o to_o a_o man_n who_o experience_n have_v be_v always_o quite_o contrary_a and_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o any_o thing_n like_o it_o the_o most_o untainted_a credit_n of_o a_o witness_n will_v scarce_o be_v able_a to_o find_v belief_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o a_o dutch_a ambassador_n who_o entertain_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n with_o the_o particularity_n of_o holland_n which_o he_o be_v inquisitive_a after_o among_o other_o thing_n tell_v he_o that_o the_o water_n in_o his_o country_n will_v sometime_o in_o cold_a weather_n be_v so_o hard_a that_o man_n walk_v upon_o it_o and_o that_o it_o will_v bear_v a_o elephant_n if_o he_o be_v there_o to_o which_o the_o king_n reply_v hitherto_o i_o have_v believe_v the_o strange_a thing_n you_o have_v tell_v i_o because_o i_o look_v upon_o you_o as_o a_o sober_a fair_a man_n but_o now_o i_o be_o sure_a you_o lie_v §_o 6._o upon_o these_o ground_n depend_v the_o probability_n of_o any_o proposition_n and_o as_o the_o conformity_n of_o our_o knowledge_n as_o the_o certainty_n of_o observation_n as_o the_o frequency_n and_o constancy_n of_o experience_n and_o the_o number_n and_o credibility_n of_o testimony_n do_v more_o or_o less_o agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o it_o so_o be_v any_o proposition_n in_o itself_o more_o or_o less_o probable_a there_o be_v another_o i_o confess_v which_o though_o by_o itself_o it_o be_v no_o true_a ground_n of_o probability_n yet_o be_v often_o make_v use_n of_o for_o one_o by_o which_o man_n most_o common_o regulate_v their_o assent_n and_o upon_o which_o they_o pin_n their_o faith_n more_o than_o any_o thing_n else_o any_o that_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o other_o though_o there_o can_v be_v a_o more_o dangerous_a thing_n to_o rely_v on_o nor_o more_o likely_a to_o mislead_v one_o since_o there_o be_v much_o more_o falsehood_n and_o error_n among_o man_n than_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n and_o if_o the_o opinion_n and_o persuasion_n of_o other_o who_o we_o know_v and_o think_v well_o of_o be_v a_o ground_n of_o assent_n man_n have_v reason_n to_o be_v heathen_n in_o japan_n mahumetan_n in_o turkey_n papist_n in_o spain_n protestant_n in_o england_n and_o lutheran_n in_o sueden_n but_o of_o this_o wrong_a ground_n of_o assent_n i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a in_o another_o place_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o assent_n §_o 1._o the_o ground_n of_o probability_n we_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n as_o they_o be_v the_o foundation_n on_o which_o our_o assent_n be_v build_v so_o be_v they_o also_o the_o measure_n whereby_o its_o several_a degree_n be_v or_o aught_o 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question_n offer_v they_o argument_n which_o for_o want_v of_o memory_n they_o be_v not_o able_a present_o to_o answer_v §_o 3._o i_o can_v but_o own_o that_o man_n stick_v to_o their_o past_a judgement_n and_o adhere_v firm_o to_o conclusion_n former_o make_v be_v often_o the_o cause_n of_o great_a obstinacy_n in_o error_n and_o mistake_n but_o the_o fault_n be_v not_o that_o they_o rely_v on_o their_o memory_n for_o what_o they_o have_v before_o well_o judge_v but_o because_o they_o judge_v before_o they_o have_v well_o examine_v may_v we_o not_o find_v a_o great_a number_n not_o to_o say_v the_o great_a part_n of_o man_n that_o think_v they_o have_v form_v right_a judgement_n of_o several_a matter_n and_o that_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o they_o never_o think_v otherwise_o that_o imagine_v themselves_o to_o have_v judge_v right_a only_o because_o they_o never_o question_v never_o examine_v their_o own_o opinion_n which_o be_v indeed_o to_o think_v they_o judge_v 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to_o collect_v together_o all_o the_o proof_n concern_v most_o of_o the_o opinion_n he_o have_v so_o as_o safe_o to_o conclude_v that_o he_o have_v a_o clear_a and_o full_a view_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o to_o be_v allege_v for_o his_o better_a information_n and_o yet_o we_o be_v force_v to_o determine_v ourselves_o on_o the_o one_o side_n or_o other_o the_o conduct_n of_o our_o life_n and_o the_o management_n of_o our_o great_a concern_v will_v not_o bear_v delay_n for_o those_o depend_v for_o the_o most_o part_n on_o the_o determination_n of_o our_o judgement_n in_o point_n wherein_o we_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o certain_a and_o demonstrative_a knowledge_n and_o wherein_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o we_o to_o embrace_v the_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o §_o 4._o since_o therefore_o it_o be_v unavoidable_a to_o the_o great_a
part_n of_o man_n if_o not_o all_o to_o have_v several_a opinion_n without_o certain_a and_o indubitable_a proof_n of_o their_o truth_n and_o it_o carry_v too_o great_a a_o imputation_n of_o ignorance_n lightness_n or_o folly_n for_o man_n to_o quit_v and_o renounce_v their_o former_a tenet_n present_o upon_o the_o offer_n of_o a_o argument_n which_o they_o can_v immediate_o answer_v and_o show_v the_o insufficiency_n of_o it_o will_v methinks_v become_v all_o man_n to_o maintain_v peace_n and_o the_o common_a office_n of_o humanity_n and_o friendship_n in_o the_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n since_o we_o can_v reasonable_o expect_v that_o any_o one_o shall_v ready_o and_o obsequious_o quit_v his_o own_o opinion_n and_o embrace_v we_o with_o a_o blind_a resignation_n to_o a_o authority_n which_o the_o understanding_n of_o man_n acknowledge_v not_o for_o however_o it_o may_v often_o mistake_v it_o can_v own_v no_o other_o guide_n but_o reason_n nor_o blind_o submit_v to_o the_o will_n 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certainty_n or_o which_o he_o take_v to_o be_v impression_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o god_n himself_o or_o from_o man_n send_v by_o he_o how_o can_v we_o expect_v i_o say_v that_o opinion_n thus_o settle_v shall_v be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o argument_n or_o authority_n of_o a_o stranger_n or_o adversary_n especial_o if_o there_o be_v any_o suspicion_n of_o interest_n or_o design_n as_o there_o never_o fail_v to_o be_v where_o man_n find_v themselves_o ill_o treat_v we_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o commiserate_v our_o mutual_a ignorance_n and_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v it_o in_o all_o the_o gentle_a and_o fair_a way_n of_o information_n and_o not_o instant_o treat_v other_o ill_o as_o obstinate_a and_o perverse_a because_o they_o will_v not_o renounce_v their_o own_o and_o receive_v our_o opinion_n or_o at_o least_o those_o we_o will_v force_v upon_o they_o when_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o we_o be_v no_o less_o obstinate_a in_o not_o embrace_v they_o for_o where_o be_v the_o man_n that_o have_v uncontestible_a evidence_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o all_o that_o he_o hold_v or_o of_o the_o falsehood_n of_o all_o he_o condemn_v or_o can_v say_v that_o he_o have_v examine_v to_o the_o bottom_n all_o his_o own_o or_o other_o man_n opinion_n the_o necessity_n of_o believe_v without_o knowledge_n nay_o often_o upon_o very_o slight_a ground_n in_o this_o fleet_a slate_n of_o action_n and_o blindness_n we_o be_v in_o shall_v make_v we_o more_o busy_a and_o careful_a to_o inform_v ourselves_o than_o constrain_v other_o at_o least_o those_o who_o have_v not_o thorough_o examine_v to_o the_o bottom_n all_o their_o own_o tenet_n must_v confess_v they_o be_v unfit_a to_o prescribe_v to_o other_o and_o be_v unreasonable_a in_o impose_v that_o as_o a_o truth_n on_o other_o man_n belief_n which_o they_o themselves_o have_v not_o search_v into_o nor_o weigh_v the_o argument_n of_o probability_n on_o which_o they_o shall_v receive_v or_o reject_v it_o those_o who_o have_v fair_o and_o true_o examine_v and_o be_v thereby_o get_v past_o doubt_n in_o all_o the_o doctrine_n they_o profess_v and_o govern_v themselves_o by_o will_v have_v a_o just_a pretence_n to_o require_v other_o to_o follow_v they_o but_o these_o be_v so_o few_o in_o number_n and_o find_v so_o little_a reason_n to_o be_v magisterial_a in_o their_o opinion_n that_o nothing_o insolent_a and_o imperious_a be_v to_o be_v expect_v from_o they_o and_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o if_o man_n be_v better_o instruct_v themselves_o they_o will_v be_v less_o impose_v on_o other_o §_o 5._o but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o ground_n of_o assent_n and_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o it_o we_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o proposition_n we_o receive_v upon_o inducement_n of_o probability_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o concern_v some_o particular_a existence_n or_o as_o it_o be_v usual_o term_v matter_n of_o fact_n which_o fall_v under_o our_o observation_n be_v capable_a of_o (null)_o testimony_n or_o else_o concern_v thing_n which_o be_v beyond_o the_o discovery_n of_o our_o sense_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o any_o such_o testimony_n §_o 6._o concern_v the_o first_o of_o these_o viz._n particular_a matter_n of_o fact_n first_o where_o any_o particular_a thing_n consonant_n to_o the_o constant_a observation_n of_o ourselves_o and_o other_o in_o the_o like_a case_n come_v attest_v with_o the_o concurrent_a report_n of_o all_o that_o mention_v it_o we_o receive_v it_o as_o easy_o and_o build_v as_o firm_o upon_o it_o as_o if_o it_o be_v certain_a knowledge_n and_o we_o reason_n and_o act_v thereupon_o with_o as_o little_a doubt_n as_o if_o it_o be_v perfect_a demonstration_n thus_o if_o all_o englishman_n who_o have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v it_o shall_v affirm_v that_o it_o freeze_v in_o england_n the_o last_o winter_n or_o that_o there_o be_v swallow_n see_v there_o in_o the_o summer_n i_o think_v a_o man_n can_v almost_o as_o little_a doubt_n of_o it_o as_o that_o seven_o and_o four_o be_v eleven_o the_o first_o therefore_o and_o high_a degree_n of_o probability_n be_v when_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o all_o man_n in_o all_o age_n as_o far_o as_o it_o can_v be_v know_v concur_v with_o a_o man_n constant_a and_o never-failing_a experience_n in_o like_a case_n to_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o any_o particular_a matter_n of_o fact_n attest_v by_o fair_a witness_n such_o be_v all_o the_o state_v constitution_n and_o property_n of_o body_n and_o the_o regular_a proceed_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o nature_n this_o we_o call_v a_o argument_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n themselves_o for_o what_o our_o own_o and_o other_o man_n constant_a observation_n have_v find_v always_o to_o be_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o we_o with_o reason_n conclude_v to_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o steady_a and_o regular_a cause_n though_o they_o come_v not_o within_o the_o reach_n of_o our_o knowledge_n thus_o that_o fire_v warm_v a_o man_n make_v lead_v fluid_a and_o change_v the_o colour_n or_o consistency_n in_o wood_n or_o charcoal_n that_o iron_n sink_v in_o water_n and_o swim_v in_o quicksilver_n these_o and_o the_o like_a proposition_n about_o particular_a fact_n be_v agreeable_a to_o our_o constant_a experience_n as_o often_o as_o we_o have_v to_o do_v with_o these_o matter_n and_o be_v general_o speak_v of_o when_o mention_v by_o other_o as_o thing_n find_v constant_o to_o be_v so_o and_o therefore_o not_o so_o much_o as_o controvert_v by_o any_o body_n we_o be_v put_v past_o doubt_n that_o a_o relation_n affirm_v any_o such_o thing_n to_o have_v be_v or_o any_o predication_n that_o it_o will_v happen_v again_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v very_o true_a these_o probability_n rise_v so_o near_o to_o certainty_n that_o they_o govern_v our_o thought_n as_o absolute_o and_o influence_n all_o our_o action_n as_o full_o as_o the_o most_o evident_a demonstration_n and_o in_o what_o 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loadstone_n draw_v iron_n and_o the_o part_n of_o a_o candle_n successive_o melt_v turn_v into_o flame_n and_o give_v we_o both_o light_n and_o heat_n these_o and_o the_o like_a effect_n we_o see_v and_o know_v but_o the_o cause_n that_o operate_v and_o the_o manner_n they_o be_v produce_v in_o we_o can_v only_o guess_v and_o probable_o conjecture_v for_o these_o and_o the_o like_o come_v not_o within_o the_o scrutiny_n of_o (null)_o sense_n can_v be_v examine_v by_o they_o or_o be_v attest_v by_o any_o body_n and_o therefore_o can_v appear_v more_o or_o less_o probable_a only_o as_o they_o more_o or_o less_o agree_v to_o truth_n that_o be_v establish_v in_o our_o mind_n and_o as_o they_o hold_v proportion_n to_o other_o part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o observation_n analogy_n in_o these_o matter_n be_v the_o only_a help_n we_o have_v and_o it_o be_v from_o that_o alone_o we_o draw_v all_o our_o ground_n of_o probability_n thus_o observe_v that_o the_o bare_a rub_n of_o two_o body_n violent_o one_o upon_o another_o produce_v heat_n and_o very_o often_o fire_n itself_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o what_o we_o call_v heat_n and_o fire_n consist_v in_o a_o certain_a violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o imperceptible_a minute_n part_n of_o the_o burn_a matterâ—_n observe_v likewise_o that_o the_o different_a refraction_n of_o pellucid_a body_n produce_v in_o our_o eye_n the_o different_a appearance_n of_o several_a colour_n and_o also_o that_o the_o different_a range_v and_o lay_v the_o superficial_a part_n of_o several_a body_n as_o of_o velvet_n water_v silk_n etc._n etc._n do_v the_o like_a we_o think_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o colour_n and_o shine_v of_o body_n be_v in_o they_o nothing_o but_o the_o different_a arangement_n and_o refraction_n of_o their_o minute_n and_o insensible_a part_n thus_o find_v in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o creation_n that_o fall_v under_o (null)_o observation_n that_o there_o be_v a_o gradual_a connexion_n of_o one_o with_o another_o without_o any_o great_a or_o discernible_a gap_n between_o in_o all_o that_o great_a variety_n of_o thing_n we_o see_v in_o the_o world_n which_o be_v so_o close_o link_v together_o that_o in_o the_o several_a rank_n of_o being_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o discover_v the_o bound_n betwixt_o they_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v persuade_v that_o in_o such_o gentle_a step_n thing_n in_o perfection_n ascend_v upward_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o say_v where_o sensible_a and_o rational_a begin_v and_o where_o insensible_a and_o irrational_a end_n and_o who_o be_v there_o quick-sighted_a enough_o to_o determine_v precise_o which_o be_v the_o low_a species_n of_o live_a thing_n and_o which_o the_o first_o of_o those_o which_o have_v no_o life_n thing_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v observe_v lessen_v and_o augment_v as_o the_o quantity_n do_v in_o a_o regular_a cone_n where_o though_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a odds_o betwixt_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o diametre_fw-la at_o remote_a distance_n yet_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o upper_a and_o under_o where_o they_o touch_v one_o another_o be_v hardly_o discernible_a the_o difference_n be_v exceed_o great_a between_o some_o man_n and_o some_o animal_n but_o if_o we_o will_v compare_v the_o understanding_n and_o ability_n of_o some_o man_n and_o some_o brute_n we_o shall_v find_v so_o little_a difference_n that_o it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o say_v that_o that_o of_o the_o man_n be_v either_o clear_a or_o large_a observe_v i_o say_v such_o gradual_a and_o gentle_a descent_n downward_o in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o creation_n that_o be_v beneath_o man_n the_o rule_n of_o analogy_n may_v make_v it_o probable_a that_o it_o be_v so_o also_o in_o thing_n above_o we_o and_o our_o observation_n and_o that_o there_o be_v several_a rank_n of_o intelligent_a being_n excel_v we_o in_o several_a degree_n of_o perfection_n ascend_v upward_o towards_o the_o infinite_a perfection_n of_o the_o creator_n by_o gentle_a step_n and_o difference_n that_o be_v every_o one_o at_o no_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o next_o to_o it_o this_o sort_n of_o probability_n which_o be_v the_o best_a conduct_n of_o rational_a experiment_n and_o the_o rise_v of_o hypothesis_n have_v also_o its_o use_n and_o influence_n and_o a_o wary_a reason_v from_o analogy_n lead_v we_o often_o into_o the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n and_o useful_a production_n which_o will_v otherwise_o lie_v conceal_v §_o 13._o though_o the_o common_a experience_n and_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o thing_n have_v just_o a_o mighty_a influence_n on_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n to_o make_v they_o give_v or_o refuse_v credit_n to_o any_o thing_n propose_v to_o their_o belief_n yet_o there_o be_v one_o case_n wherein_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o fact_n lessen_v not_o the_o assent_n to_o a_o fair_a testimony_n give_v of_o it_o for_o where_o such_o supernatural_a event_n be_v suitable_a to_o end_n aim_v at_o by_o he_o who_o have_v the_o power_n to_o change_v the_o course_n of_o nature_n there_o under_o such_o circumstance_n they_o may_v be_v the_o fit_a to_o procure_v belief_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o be_v beyond_o or_o contrary_a to_o ordinary_a observation_n this_o be_v the_o proper_a case_n of_o miracle_n which_o well_o attest_v do_v not_o only_o find_v credit_n themselves_o but_o give_v it_o also_o to_o other_o truth_n which_o need_v such_o confirmation_n §_o 14._o beside_o those_o we_o have_v hitherto_o mention_v there_o be_v one_o sort_n of_o proposition_n that_o challenge_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o our_o assent_n upon_o bare_a testimony_n whether_o the_o thing_n propose_v agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o common_a experience_n and_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o thing_n or_o no._n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o testimony_n be_v of_o such_o a_o one_o as_o can_v deceive_v nor_o be_v deceive_v and_o that_o be_v of_o god_n himself_o this_o carry_v with_o it_o certainty_n beyond_o doubt_n evidence_n beyond_o exception_n this_o be_v call_v by_o a_o peculiar_a name_n revelation_n and_o our_o assent_n to_o it_o faith_n which_o have_v as_o much_o certainty_n as_o our_o knowledge_n itself_o and_o we_o may_v as_o well_o doubt_v of_o our_o own_o be_v as_o we_o can_v whether_o any_o revelation_n from_o god_n be_v true_a so_o that_o faith_n be_v a_o settle_a and_o sure_a principle_n of_o assent_n and_o assurance_n and_o leave_v no_o manner_n of_o room_n for_o doubt_n or_o hesitation_n only_o we_o must_v be_v sure_a that_o it_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n and_o that_o we_o understand_v it_o right_o else_o we_o shall_v expose_v ourselves_o to_o all_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o enthusiasm_n and_o all_o the_o error_n of_o wrong_a principle_n if_o we_o have_v faith_n and_o assurance_n in_o what_o be_v not_o divine_a revelation_n and_o therefore_o in_o those_o case_n our_o assent_n can_v be_v rational_o no_o high_o than_o the_o evidence_n of_o its_o be_v a_o revelation_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o expression_n it_o be_v deliver_v in_o if_o the_o evidence_n of_o its_o be_v a_o revelation_n or_o that_o this_o its_o true_a sense_n be_v only_o on_o probable_a proof_n our_o assent_n can_v reach_v no_o high_o than_o a_o assurance_n or_o diffidence_n arise_v from_o the_o more_o or_o less_o apparent_a probability_n of_o the_o proof_n but_o of_o faith_n and_o the_o precedency_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v before_o other_o argument_n of_o persuasion_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o hereafter_o where_o i_o treat_v of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v ordinary_o place_v in_o contradistinction_n to_o reason_n though_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o assent_n found_v on_o the_o high_a reason_n chap._n xvii_o of_o reason_n §_o 1._o the_o word_n reason_n in_o the_o english_a language_n have_v different_a signification_n sometime_o it_o be_v take_v for_o true_a and_o clear_a principle_n sometime_o for_o clear_a and_o fair_a deduction_n from_o those_o principle_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o cause_n and_o particular_o the_o final_a cause_n but_o the_o consideration_n i_o shall_v have_v of_o it_o here_o be_v in_o a_o signification_n different_a from_o all_o these_o and_o that_o be_v as_o it_o stand_v for_o a_o faculty_n in_o man_n that_o faculty_n whereby_o man_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o beast_n and_o wherein_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o much_o surpass_v they_o §_o 2._o if_o general_a knowledge_n as_o have_v be_v show_v consist_v in_o a_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o all_o thing_n without_o we_o except_o only_o of_o god_n be_v have_v only_o by_o our_o sense_n what_o room_n then_o be_v there_o for_o the_o exercise_n of_o any_o other_o faculty_n but_o outward_a sense_n and_o inward_a perception_n what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o reason_n very_o much_o
our_o knowledge_n that_o god_n reveal_v it_o which_o in_o this_o case_n where_o the_o proposition_n suppose_v reveal_v contradict_v our_o knowledge_n or_o reason_n will_v always_o have_v this_o objection_n hang_v to_o it_o viz._n that_o we_o can_v tell_v how_o to_o conceive_v that_o to_o come_v from_o god_n the_o bountiful_a author_n of_o our_o be_v which_o if_o receive_v for_o true_a must_v overturn_v all_o our_o principle_n and_o foundation_n of_o knowledge_n render_v all_o our_o faculty_n useless_a whole_o destroy_v the_o most_o excellent_a part_n of_o his_o workmanship_n our_o understanding_n and_o put_v a_o man_n in_o a_o condition_n wherein_o he_o will_v have_v less_o light_a less_o conduct_n than_o the_o beast_n that_o perish_v for_o if_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n can_v never_o have_v a_o clear_a and_o perhaps_o not_o so_o clear_a a_o evidence_n of_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n as_o it_o have_v of_o the_o principle_n of_o its_o own_o reason_n it_o can_v never_o have_v a_o ground_n to_o quit_v the_o clear_a evidence_n of_o its_o reason_n to_o give_v place_n to_o a_o proposition_n who_o revelation_n have_v not_o a_o great_a evidence_n §_o 6._o thus_o far_o a_o man_n have_v use_v of_o reason_n and_o aught_o to_o hearken_v to_o it_o even_o in_o immediate_a and_o original_a revelation_n where_o it_o be_v supposed_o make_v to_o himself_o but_o to_o all_o those_o who_o pretend_v not_o to_o immediate_a revelation_n but_o be_v require_v to_o pay_v obedience_n and_o to_o receive_v the_o truth_n reveal_v to_o other_o which_o by_o the_o tradition_n of_o write_n or_o word_n of_o mouth_n be_v convey_v down_o to_o they_o reason_n have_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o to_o do_v and_o be_v that_o only_a which_o can_v induce_v we_o to_o receive_v they_o for_o matter_n of_o faith_n be_v only_o divine_a revelation_n and_o nothing_o else_o faith_n as_o we_o use_v the_o word_n call_v common_o divine_a faith_n have_v to_o do_v with_o no_o proposition_n but_o those_o which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v divine_o reveal_v so_o that_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o those_o who_o make_v revelation_n alone_o the_o sole_a object_n of_o faith_n can_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o faith_n and_o not_o of_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o such_o or_o such_o a_o proposition_n to_o be_v find_v in_o such_o or_o such_o a_o book_n be_v of_o divine_a inspiration_n unless_o it_o be_v reveal_v that_o that_o proposition_n or_o all_o in_o that_o book_n be_v communicate_v by_o divine_a inspiration_n without_o such_o a_o revelation_n the_o believe_a or_o not_o believe_v that_o proposition_n or_o book_n to_o be_v of_o divine_a authority_n can_v never_o be_v matter_n of_o faith_n but_o matter_n of_o reason_n and_o such_o as_o i_o must_v come_v to_o a_o assent_n to_o only_o by_o the_o use_n of_o my_o reason_n which_o can_v never_o require_v or_o enable_v i_o to_o believe_v that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o itself_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o reason_n ever_o to_o procure_v any_o assent_n to_o that_o which_o to_o itself_o appear_v unreasonable_a in_o all_o thing_n therefore_o where_o we_o have_v clear_a evidence_n from_o our_o idea_n and_o those_o principle_n of_o knowledge_n i_o have_v above_o mention_v reason_n be_v the_o proper_a judge_n and_o revelation_n though_o it_o may_v in_o consent_v with_o it_o confirm_v its_o dictate_v yet_o can_v in_o such_o case_n invalidate_v its_o decree_n nor_o can_v we_o be_v oblige_v where_o we_o have_v the_o clear_a and_o evident_a sentence_n of_o reason_n to_o quit_v it_o for_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n under_o a_o pretence_n that_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o faith_n §_o 7._o but_o three_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n wherein_o we_o have_v very_o imperfect_a notion_n or_o none_o at_o all_o and_o other_o thing_n of_o who_o past_a present_a or_o future_a existence_n by_o the_o natural_a use_n of_o our_o faculty_n we_o can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o these_o as_o be_v beyond_o the_o discovery_n of_o our_o natural_a faculty_n and_o above_o reason_n be_v when_o reveal_v the_o proper_a matter_n of_o faith_n thus_o that_o part_n of_o the_o angel_n rebel_v against_o god_n and_o thereby_o lose_v their_o first_o happy_a state_n and_o that_o the_o body_n of_o man_n shall_v rise_v and_o live_v again_o these_o and_o the_o like_a be_v beyond_o the_o discovery_n of_o reason_n be_v pure_o matter_n of_o faith_n with_o which_o reason_n have_v direct_o nothing_o to_o do_v §_o 8._o but_o since_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v under_o the_o character_n of_o divine_a revelation_n be_v esteem_v matter_n of_o faith_n and_o there_o be_v among_o they_o several_a thing_n that_o fall_v under_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o reason_n and_o be_v such_o as_o we_o can_v judge_v of_o by_o our_o natural_a faculty_n without_o a_o supernatural_a revelation_n in_o these_o revelation_n must_v carry_v it_o against_o the_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o reason_n because_o the_o mind_n not_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o it_o do_v not_o evident_o know_v but_o be_v only_o probable_o convince_v of_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v up_o its_o assent_n to_o such_o a_o testimony_n which_o it_o be_v satisfy_v come_v from_o one_o who_o can_v err_v and_o will_v not_o deceive_v but_o yet_o it_o still_o belong_v to_o reason_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o its_o be_v a_o revelation_n and_o of_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n wherein_o it_o be_v deliver_v indeed_o if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v think_v revelation_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o plain_a principle_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o evident_a knowledge_n the_o mind_n have_v of_o its_o own_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n there_o reason_n must_v be_v hearken_v to_o as_o to_o a_o matter_n within_o its_o province_n since_o a_o man_n can_v never_o have_v so_o certain_a a_o knowledge_n that_o a_o proposition_n which_o contradict_v the_o clear_a principle_n and_o evidence_n of_o his_o own_o knowledge_n be_v divine_o reveal_v or_o that_o he_o understand_v the_o word_n right_o wherein_o it_o be_v deliver_v as_o he_o have_v that_o the_o contrary_a be_v true_a and_o so_o be_v bind_v to_o consider_v and_o judge_v of_o it_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o reason_n and_o not_o swallow_v it_o without_o examination_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o faith_n §_o 9_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v first_o whatever_o proposition_n be_v reveal_v of_o who_o truth_n our_o mind_n by_o its_o natural_a faculty_n and_o notion_n can_v judge_v that_o be_v pure_o matter_n of_o faith_n and_o above_o reason_n second_o all_o proposition_n whereof_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o use_n of_o its_o natural_a faculty_n can_v come_v to_o determine_v and_o judge_v from_o natural_a acquire_v idea_n be_v matter_n of_o reason_n with_o this_o difference_n still_o that_o in_o those_o concern_v which_o it_o have_v but_o a_o uncertain_a evidence_n and_o so_o be_v persuade_v of_o their_o truth_n only_o upon_o probable_a ground_n which_o still_o admit_v a_o possibility_n of_o the_o contrary_a to_o be_v true_a without_o do_v violence_n to_o the_o certain_a evidence_n of_o its_o own_o knowledge_n and_o overturning_a the_o principle_n of_o all_o reason_n in_o such_o probable_a proposition_n i_o say_v a_o evident_a revelation_n ought_v to_o determine_v our_o assent_n even_o against_o probability_n for_o where_o the_o principle_n of_o reason_n have_v not_o determine_v a_o proposition_n to_o be_v certain_o true_a or_o false_a there_o clear_a revelation_n as_o another_o principle_n of_o truth_n and_o ground_n of_o assent_n may_v determine_v and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v matter_n of_o faith_n and_o be_v also_o above_o reason_n because_o reason_n in_o that_o particular_a matter_n be_v able_a to_o reach_v no_o high_o than_o probability_n faith_n give_v the_o determination_n where_o reason_n come_v short_a and_o revelation_n discover_v on_o which_o side_n the_o truth_n lay_v §_o 10._o thus_o far_o the_o dominion_n of_o faith_n reach_v and_o that_o without_o any_o violence_n or_o hindrance_n to_o reason_n which_o be_v not_o injure_v or_o disturb_v but_o assist_v and_o improve_v by_o new_a discovery_n of_o truth_n come_v from_o the_o eternal_a fountain_n of_o all_o knowledge_n whatever_o god_n have_v reveal_v be_v certain_o true_a no_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v of_o it_o this_o be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o faith_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n or_o no_o reason_n must_v judge_v which_o can_v never_o permit_v the_o mind_n to_o reject_v a_o great_a evidence_n to_o embrace_v what_o be_v less_o evident_a nor_o prefer_v less_o certainty_n to_o the_o great_a there_o can_v be_v no_o evidence_n that_o any_o traditional_a revelation_n be_v of_o divine_a original_a in_o the_o word_n we_o receive_v it_o and_o in_o the_o sense_n we_o understand_v it_o so_o clear_a and_o so_o certain_a as_o those_o of_o the_o principle_n of_o reason_n and_o therefore_o
of_o fortune_n will_v plentiful_o enough_o supply_v book_n and_o other_o opportunity_n of_o clear_v of_o doubt_n and_o discover_v of_o truth_n but_o they_o be_v coop_v in_o close_a by_o the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n and_o the_o strict_a guard_n of_o those_o who_o interest_n it_o be_v to_o keep_v they_o ignorant_a lest_o know_v more_o they_o shall_v believe_v the_o less_o in_o they_o that_o they_o be_v as_o far_o nay_o far_o from_o the_o liberty_n and_o opportunity_n of_o a_o fair_a enquiry_n than_o those_o poor_a and_o wretched_a labourer_n we_o before_o speak_v of_o these_o man_n however_o they_o may_v seem_v high_a and_o great_a be_v confine_v to_o narrowness_n of_o thought_n and_o enslave_v in_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v the_o free_a part_n of_o man_n their_o understanding_n this_o be_v general_o the_o case_n of_o all_o those_o who_o live_v in_o place_n where_o care_n be_v take_v to_o propagate_v truth_n without_o knowledge_n where_o man_n be_v force_v at_o a_o venture_n to_o be_v of_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o country_n and_o must_v therefore_o swallow_v down_o opinion_n as_o silly_a people_n do_v empiric_n pill_n without_o know_v what_o they_o be_v make_v of_o or_o how_o they_o will_v work_v and_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v but_o believe_v that_o they_o will_v do_v the_o cure_n but_o in_o this_o be_v much_o more_o miserable_a than_o they_o in_o that_o they_o be_v not_o at_o liberty_n to_o refuse_v swallow_v what_o perhaps_o they_o have_v rather_o let_v alone_o or_o to_o choose_v the_o physician_n to_o who_o conduct_n they_o will_v trust_v themselves_o §_o 5._o second_o those_o that_o want_v skill_n to_o use_v those_o evidence_n they_o have_v of_o probability_n that_o can_v carry_v a_o train_n of_o consequence_n in_o their_o head_n nor_o weigh_v exact_o the_o preponderancy_n of_o contrary_a proof_n and_o testimony_n make_v every_o circumstance_n its_o due_a allowance_n may_v be_v easy_o mislead_v to_o assent_v to_o position_n that_o be_v not_o probable_a there_o be_v some_o man_n of_o one_o some_o but_o of_o two_o syllogism_n and_o no_o more_o and_o other_o that_o can_v but_o advance_v one_o step_n far_o these_o can_v always_o discern_v that_o side_n on_o which_o the_o strong_a proof_n lie_v can_v constant_o follow_v that_o which_o in_o its_o self_n be_v the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n now_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o difference_n between_o man_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o understanding_n i_o think_v no_o body_n will_v question_v who_o have_v have_v any_o conversation_n with_o his_o neighbour_n though_o he_o never_o be_v at_o westminster-hall_n or_o the_o exchange_n on_o the_o one_o hand_n nor_o at_o almshouse_n or_o bedlam_n on_o the_o other_o which_o great_a difference_n in_o man_n intellectual_n whether_o it_o rise_v from_o any_o defect_n in_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o body_n particular_o adapt_v to_o think_v or_o in_o the_o dulness_n or_o untractableness_n of_o those_o faculty_n for_o want_v of_o use_n or_o as_o some_o think_v in_o the_o natural_a difference_n of_o man_n soul_n themselves_o or_o some_o or_o all_o of_o these_o together_o it_o matter_n not_o here_o to_o examine_v only_o this_o be_v evident_a that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n of_o degree_n in_o man_n understanding_n apprehension_n and_o reason_v to_o so_o great_a a_o latitude_n that_o one_o may_v without_o do_v injury_n to_o mankind_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a distance_n between_o some_o man_n and_o other_o in_o this_o respect_n than_o between_o some_o man_n and_o some_o beast_n but_o how_o this_o come_v about_o be_v a_o speculation_n though_o of_o great_a consequence_n yet_o not_o necessary_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n §_o 6._o three_o there_o be_v another_o sort_n of_o people_n that_o want_v proof_n not_o because_o they_o be_v out_o of_o their_o reach_n but_o because_o they_o will_v not_o use_v they_o who_o though_o they_o have_v riches_n and_o leisure_n enough_o and_o want_v neither_o part_n nor_o learning_n may_v yet_o through_o their_o hot_a pursuit_n of_o pleasure_n or_o business_n or_o else_o out_o of_o laziness_n or_o fear_n that_o the_o doctrine_n who_o truth_n they_o shall_v inquire_v into_o will_v not_o suit_v well_o with_o their_o opinion_n life_n or_o design_n may_v never_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o nor_o give_v their_o assent_n to_o those_o probability_n which_o lie_v so_o much_o within_o their_o view_n that_o to_o be_v convince_v of_o they_o they_o need_v but_o turn_v their_o eye_n that_o way_n but_o we_o know_v some_o man_n will_v not_o read_v a_o letter_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o bring_v ill_a news_n and_o many_o man_n forbear_v to_o cast_v up_o their_o account_n or_o so_o much_o as_o think_v upon_o their_o estate_n who_o have_v reason_n to_o fear_v their_o affair_n be_v not_o in_o a_o very_a good_a posture_n how_o man_n who_o plentiful_a fortune_n allow_v they_o leisure_n to_o improve_v their_o understanding_n can_v satisfy_v themselves_o with_o a_o lazy_a ignorance_n i_o can_v tell_v but_o methinks_v they_o have_v a_o low_a opinion_n of_o their_o soul_n who_o lie_v out_o all_o their_o income_n in_o provision_n for_o the_o body_n and_o employ_v none_o of_o it_o to_o procure_v the_o mean_n and_o help_v of_o knowledge_n who_o take_v great_a care_n to_o appear_v always_o in_o a_o neat_a and_o splendid_a outside_n and_o will_v think_v themselves_o miserable_a in_o course_n clothes_n or_o a_o patch_a coat_n and_o yet_o content_o suffer_v their_o mind_n to_o appear_v abroad_o in_o a_o piebald_a livery_n of_o course_n patch_n and_o borrow_a shred_n such_o as_o it_o have_v please_v chance_n or_o their_o country-tailor_n i_o mean_v the_o common_a opinion_n of_o those_o they_o have_v converse_v with_o to_o clothe_v they_o i_o will_v not_o here_o mention_v how_o unreasonable_a this_o be_v for_o man_n that_o ever_o think_v of_o a_o future_a state_n and_o their_o concernment_n in_o it_o which_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v avoid_v to_o do_v sometime_o nor_o shall_v i_o take_v notice_n what_o a_o shame_n and_o confusion_n it_o be_v to_o the_o great_a contemner_n of_o knowledge_n to_o be_v find_v ignorant_a in_o thing_n they_o be_v concern_v to_o know_v but_o this_o at_o least_o be_v worth_a the_o consideration_n of_o those_o who_o call_v themselves_o gentleman_n that_o however_o they_o may_v think_v credit_n respect_n power_n and_o authority_n the_o concomitant_n of_o their_o birth_n and_o fortune_n yet_o they_o will_v find_v all_o these_o still_o carry_v away_o from_o they_o by_o man_n of_o low_a condition_n who_o surpass_v they_o in_o knowledge_n they_o who_o be_v blind_a will_v always_o be_v lead_v by_o those_o that_o see_v or_o else_o fall_v into_o the_o ditch_n and_o he_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o subject_v the_o most_o enslave_v who_o be_v so_o in_o his_o understanding_n in_o the_o forego_n instance_n some_o of_o the_o cause_n have_v be_v show_v of_o wrong_a assent_n and_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o probable_a doctrine_n be_v not_o always_o receive_v with_o a_o assent_n proportionable_a to_o the_o reason_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v for_o their_o probability_n but_o hitherto_o it_o have_v be_v only_o of_o such_o probability_n who_o proof_n do_v only_o exist_v but_o do_v not_o appear_v to_o he_o that_o embrace_v the_o error_n §_o 7._o four_o there_o remain_v yet_o the_o last_o sort_n who_o even_o where_o the_o real_a probability_n appear_v and_o be_v plain_o lay_v before_o they_o yet_o do_v not_o admit_v of_o the_o conviction_n nor_o yield_v unto_o manifest_a reason_n but_o do_v either_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d suspend_v their_o assent_n or_o give_v it_o to_o the_o less_o probable_a opinion_n and_o to_o this_o danger_n be_v those_o expose_v who_o have_v take_v up_o wrong_a measure_n of_o probability_n which_o be_v 1._o proposition_n that_o be_v not_o in_o themselves_o certain_a and_o evident_a but_o doubtful_a and_o false_a take_v up_o for_o principle_n 2._o receive_a hypothesis_n 3._o predominant_a passion_n or_o inclination_n 4._o authority_n §_o 8._o first_o the_o first_o and_o firm_a ground_n of_o probability_n be_v the_o conformity_n any_o thing_n have_v to_o our_o own_o knowledge_n especial_o that_o part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n which_o we_o have_v embrace_v and_o continue_v to_o look_v on_o as_o principle_n these_o have_v so_o great_a a_o influence_n upon_o our_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v usual_o by_o they_o we_o judge_v of_o truth_n and_o measure_v probability_n to_o that_o degree_n that_o what_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o our_o principle_n be_v so_o far_o from_o pass_v for_o probable_a with_o we_o that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v allow_v possible_a the_o reverence_n be_v bear_v to_o these_o principle_n be_v so_o great_a and_o their_o authority_n so_o paramount_n to_o all_o other_o that_o the_o testimony_n not_o only_o of_o other_o man_n but_o the_o evidence_n of_o our_o own_o
probability_n there_o i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o in_o our_o choice_n to_o take_v which_o side_n we_o please_v if_o manifest_a odds_o appear_v on_o either_o the_o great_a probability_n i_o think_v in_o that_o case_n will_v determine_v the_o assent_n and_o a_o man_n can_v no_o more_o avoid_v assent_v or_o take_v it_o to_o be_v true_a where_o he_o perceive_v the_o great_a probability_n than_o he_o can_v avoid_v know_v it_o to_o be_v true_a where_o he_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n if_o this_o be_v so_o the_o foundation_n of_o error_n will_v lie_v in_o wrong_a measure_n of_o probability_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o vice_n in_o wrong_a measure_n of_o good_n §_o 17._o four_o the_o four_o and_o last_o wrong_a measure_n of_o probability_n i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o which_o keep_v in_o ignorance_n or_o error_n more_o people_n than_o all_o the_o other_o together_o be_v that_o which_o i_o have_v mention_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n i_o mean_v the_o giving_z up_o our_o assent_n to_o the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n either_o of_o our_o friend_n or_o party_n neighbourhood_n or_o country_n how_o many_o man_n have_v no_o other_o ground_n for_o their_o tenet_n than_o the_o suppose_a honesty_n or_o learning_n or_o number_n of_o those_o of_o the_o same_o profession_n as_o if_o honest_a or_o bookish_a man_n can_v not_o err_v or_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o multitude_n yet_o this_o with_o most_o man_n serve_v the_o turn_n the_o tenet_n have_v have_v the_o attestation_n of_o reverend_a antiquity_n it_o come_v to_o i_o with_o the_o passport_n of_o former_a age_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o secure_a in_o the_o reception_n i_o give_v it_o other_o man_n have_v be_v and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n for_o that_o be_v all_o be_v say_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v reasonable_a for_o i_o to_o embrace_v it_o a_o man_n may_v more_o justifiable_o throw_v up_o cross_n and_o pile_n for_o his_o opinion_n than_o take_v they_o up_o by_o such_o measure_n all_o man_n be_v liable_a to_o error_n and_o most_o man_n be_v in_o many_o point_n by_o passion_n or_o interest_n under_o temptation_n to_o it_o if_o we_o can_v but_o see_v the_o secret_a motive_n that_o influence_v the_o man_n of_o name_n and_o learning_n in_o the_o world_n and_o the_o leader_n of_o party_n we_o shall_v not_o always_o find_v that_o it_o be_v the_o embrace_v of_o truth_n for_o its_o own_o sake_n that_o make_v they_o espouse_v the_o doctrine_n they_o own_v and_o maintain_v this_o at_o least_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v not_o a_o opinion_n so_o absurd_a which_o a_o man_n may_v not_o receive_v upon_o this_o ground_n there_o be_v no_o error_n to_o be_v name_v which_o have_v not_o have_v its_o professor_n and_o a_o man_n shall_v never_o want_v crooked_a path_n to_o walk_v in_o if_o he_o think_v he_o be_v in_o the_o right_a way_n wherever_o he_o have_v the_o footstep_n of_o other_o to_o follow_v §_o 18._o but_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a noise_n be_v make_v in_o the_o world_n about_o error_n and_o opinion_n i_o must_v do_v mankind_n that_o right_o as_o to_o say_v there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o man_n in_o error_n and_o wrong_a opinion_n as_o be_v common_o suppose_v not_o that_o i_o think_v they_o embrace_v the_o truth_n but_o indeed_o because_o concern_v those_o doctrine_n they_o keep_v such_o a_o stir_n about_o they_o have_v no_o thought_n no_o opinion_n at_o all_o for_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v a_o little_a catechise_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o partisan_n of_o most_o of_o the_o sect_n in_o the_o world_n he_o will_v not_o find_v concern_v those_o matter_n they_o be_v so_o zealous_a for_o that_o they_o have_v any_o opinion_n of_o their_o own_o much_o less_o will_v he_o have_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o they_o take_v they_o upon_o the_o examination_n of_o argument_n and_o appearance_n of_o probability_n they_o be_v resolve_v to_o stick_v to_o a_o party_n that_o education_n or_o interest_n have_v engage_v they_o in_o and_o there_o like_o the_o common_a soldier_n of_o a_o army_n show_v their_o courage_n and_o warmth_n as_o their_o leader_n direct_v without_o ever_o examine_v or_o so_o much_o as_o know_v the_o cause_n they_o contend_v for_o if_o a_o man_n life_n show_v that_o he_o have_v no_o serious_a regard_n to_o religion_n for_o what_o reason_n shall_v we_o think_v that_o he_o beat_v his_o head_n about_o the_o opinion_n of_o his_o church_n and_o trouble_v himself_o to_o examine_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o or_o that_o doctrine_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o he_o to_o obey_v his_o leader_n to_o have_v his_o hand_n and_o his_o tongue_n ready_a for_o the_o support_n of_o the_o common_a cause_n and_o thereby_o approve_v himself_o to_o those_o who_o can_v give_v he_o credit_n preferment_n or_o protection_n in_o that_o society_n thus_o man_n become_v professor_n of_o and_o combatant_n for_o those_o opinion_n they_o be_v never_o convince_v of_o nor_o proselyte_n to_o no_o nor_o ever_o have_v so_o much_o as_o float_v in_o their_o head_n and_o though_o one_o can_v say_v there_o be_v few_o improbable_a opinion_n in_o the_o world_n than_o there_o be_v yet_o this_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v few_o that_o actual_o assent_v to_o they_o than_o be_v imagine_v chap._n xx._n of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o science_n §_o 1._o all_z that_o can_v fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o (null)_o understanding_n be_v either_o first_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o their_o relation_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o operation_n or_o second_o that_o which_o man_n himself_o ought_v to_o do_v as_o a_o rational_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n for_o the_o attainment_n of_o any_o end_n especial_o happiness_n or_o three_o the_o way_n and_o mean_n whereby_o the_o knowledge_n of_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o of_o these_o be_v attain_v and_o communicate_v i_o think_v science_n may_v be_v divide_v proper_o into_o these_o three_o sort_n §_o 2._o first_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o own_o proper_a being_n their_o constitution_n property_n and_o operation_n whereby_o i_o mean_v not_o only_a matter_n and_o body_n but_o spirit_n also_o which_o have_v their_o proper_a nature_n constitution_n and_o operation_n as_o well_o as_o body_n this_o in_o a_o little_a more_o enlarge_v sense_n of_o the_o word_n i_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o natural_a philosophy_n the_o end_n of_o this_o be_v bare_a speculative_a truth_n and_o whatsoever_o can_v afford_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n any_o such_o fall_v under_o this_o branch_n whether_o it_o be_v god_n himself_o angel_n spirit_n body_n or_o any_o other_o of_o their_o affection_n as_o number_n and_o figure_n etc._n etc._n §_o 3._o second_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o skill_n of_o right_o apply_v our_o own_o power_n and_o action_n for_o the_o attainment_n of_o thing_n good_a and_o useful_a the_o most_o considerable_a under_o this_o head_n be_v ethic_n which_o be_v the_o seek_v out_o those_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o (null)_o action_n which_o lead_v to_o happiness_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o practice_v they_o the_o end_n of_o this_o be_v not_o bare_a speculation_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n but_o right_o and_o a_o conduct_v suitable_a to_o it_o §_o 4._o three_o the_o three_o branch_n may_v be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o doctrine_n of_o sign_n the_o most_o usual_a whereof_o being_n word_n it_o be_v apt_o enough_o term_v also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d logic_n the_o business_n whereof_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o sign_n the_o mind_n make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o understanding_n of_o thing_n or_o convey_v its_o knowledge_n to_o other_o for_o since_o the_o thing_n the_o mind_n contemplate_v be_v none_o of_o they_o beside_o itself_o present_a to_o the_o understanding_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o something_o else_o as_o a_o sign_n or_o representation_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o consider_v shall_v be_v present_a to_o it_o and_o these_o be_v idea_n and_o because_o the_o idea_n of_o one_o man_n mind_n can_v immediate_o be_v lay_v open_a to_o the_o view_n of_o another_o nor_o be_v themselves_o lay_v up_o any_o where_o but_o in_o the_o memory_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o let_v they_o go_v and_o lose_v they_o therefore_o to_o communicate_v our_o idea_n one_o to_o another_o as_o well_o as_o record_v they_o for_o our_o own_o use_n sign_n of_o our_o idea_n be_v also_o necessary_a those_o which_o man_n have_v find_v most_o convenient_a and_o therefore_o general_o make_v use_n of_o be_v articulate_a sound_n the_o consideration_n then_o of_o idea_n and_o word_n as_o the_o great_a instrument_n of_o knowledge_n make_v no_o despicable_a part_n of_o their_o contemplation_n who_o will_v take_v a_o
they_o do_v not_o believe_v to_o be_v true_a only_o to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o reputation_n and_o esteem_v among_o those_o who_o be_v persuade_v of_o their_o obligation_n but_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o a_o whole_a society_n of_o man_n shall_v public_o and_o profess_o disown_n and_o cast_v off_o a_o rule_n which_o they_o can_v not_o in_o their_o own_o mind_n but_o be_v infallible_o certain_a be_v a_o law_n nor_o be_v ignorant_a that_o all_o man_n they_o shall_v have_v to_o do_v with_o know_v it_o to_o be_v such_o and_o therefore_o must_v every_o one_o of_o they_o apprehend_v from_o other_o all_o the_o contempt_n and_o abhorrence_n due_a to_o one_o who_o profess_v himself_o void_a of_o humanity_n and_o one_o who_o confound_v the_o know_a and_o natural_a measure_n of_o right_n and_o wrong_n can_v but_o be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o profess_a enemy_n of_o their_o peace_n and_o happiness_n whatever_o practical_a principle_n be_v innate_a can_v but_o be_v know_v to_o every_o one_o to_o be_v just_a and_o good_a it_o be_v therefore_o little_o less_o than_o a_o contradiction_n to_o suppose_v that_o whole_a nation_n of_o man_n shall_v both_o in_o their_o profession_n and_o practise_v unanimous_o and_o universal_o give_v the_o lie_n to_o what_o by_o the_o most_o invincible_a evidence_n every_o one_o of_o they_o know_v to_o be_v true_a right_a and_o good_a this_o be_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v we_o that_o no_o practical_a rule_n which_o be_v any_o where_o universal_o and_o with_o public_a approbation_n or_o allowance_n transgress_v can_v be_v suppose_v innate_a but_o i_o have_v something_o far_a to_o add_v in_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n §_o 12._o the_o break_n of_o a_o rule_n say_v you_o be_v no_o argument_n that_o it_o be_v unknown_a i_o grant_v it_o but_o the_o general_o allow_v breach_n of_o it_o any_o where_o i_o say_v be_v a_o proof_n that_o it_o be_v not_o innate_a for_o example_n let_v we_o take_v any_o of_o these_o rule_n which_o be_v the_o most_o obvious_a deduction_n of_o (null)_o reason_n and_o conformable_a to_o the_o natural_a inclination_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o man_n few_o people_n have_v have_v the_o impudence_n to_o deny_v or_o inconsideration_n to_o doubt_v of_o if_o any_o can_v be_v think_v to_o be_v natural_o imprint_v none_o i_o think_v can_v have_v a_o fair_a pretence_n to_o be_v innate_a than_o this_o parent_n preserve_v and_o cherish_v your_o child_n when_o therefore_o you_o say_v that_o this_o be_v a_o innate_a rule_n what_o do_v you_o mean_v either_o that_o it_o be_v a_o innate_a principle_n which_o upon_o all_o occasion_n excite_v and_o direct_v the_o action_n of_o all_o man_n or_o else_o that_o it_o be_v a_o truth_n which_o all_o man_n have_v imprint_v on_o their_o mind_n and_o which_o therefore_o they_o know_v and_o assent_v to_o but_o in_o neither_o of_o these_o sense_n be_v it_o innate_a first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o principle_n which_o influence_n all_o man_n action_n be_v what_o i_o have_v prove_v by_o the_o example_n before_o cite_v nor_o need_v we_o seek_v so_o far_o as_o mingrelia_n or_o peru_n to_o find_v instance_n of_o such_o as_o neglect_v abuse_n nay_o and_o destroy_v their_o child_n or_o look_v on_o it_o only_o as_o the_o more_o than_o brutality_n of_o some_o savage_a and_o barbarous_a nation_n when_o we_o remember_v that_o it_o be_v a_o familiar_a and_o uncondemned_a practice_n among_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n to_o expose_v without_o pity_n or_o remorse_n their_o innocent_a infant_n second_o that_o it_o be_v a_o innate_a truth_n know_v to_o all_o man_n be_v also_o false_a for_o parent_n preserve_v your_o child_n be_v so_o far_o from_o a_o innate_a truth_n that_o it_o be_v no_o truth_n at_o all_o it_o be_v a_o command_n and_o not_o a_o proposition_n and_o so_o not_o capable_a of_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n to_o make_v it_o capable_a of_o be_v assent_v to_o as_o true_a it_o must_v be_v reduce_v to_o some_o such_o proposition_n as_o this_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o parent_n to_o preserve_v their_o child_n but_o what_o duty_n be_v can_v be_v understand_v without_o a_o law_n nor_o a_o law_n be_v know_v or_o suppose_v without_o a_o lawmaker_n or_o without_o reward_n and_o punishment_n so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o this_o or_o any_o other_o practical_a principle_n shall_v be_v innate_a i._n e._n be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n as_o a_o duty_n without_o suppose_v the_o idea_n of_o god_n of_o law_n of_o obligation_n of_o punishment_n of_o a_o life_n after_o this_o innate_a for_o that_o punishment_n follow_v not_o in_o this_o life_n the_o breach_n of_o this_o rule_n and_o consequent_o that_o it_o have_v not_o the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n in_o country_n where_o the_o general_o allow_v practice_n run_v counter_a to_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o evident_a but_o these_o idea_n which_o must_v be_v all_o of_o they_o innate_a if_o any_o thing_n as_o a_o duty_n be_v so_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v innate_a that_o it_o be_v not_o every_o studious_a or_o think_v man_n much_o less_o every_o one_o that_o be_v bear_v in_o who_o they_o be_v to_o be_v find_v clear_a and_o distinct_a and_o that_o one_o of_o they_o which_o of_o all_o other_o seem_n most_o likely_a to_o be_v innate_a be_v not_o so_o i_o mean_v the_o idea_n of_o god_n i_o think_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n will_v appear_v very_o evident_a to_o any_o consider_a man._n §_o 13._o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o think_v we_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o whatever_o practical_a rule_n be_v in_o any_o place_n general_o and_o with_o allowance_n break_v can_v be_v suppose_v innate_a it_o be_v impossible_a that_o man_n shall_v without_o shame_n or_o fear_v confident_o and_o serene_o break_v a_o rule_n which_o they_o can_v not_o but_o evident_o know_v that_o god_n have_v set_v up_o and_o will_v certain_o punish_v the_o breach_n of_o which_o they_o must_v if_o it_o be_v innate_a to_o a_o degree_n to_o make_v it_o a_o very_a ill_a bargain_n to_o the_o transgressor_n without_o such_o a_o knowledge_n as_o this_o a_o man_n can_v never_o be_v certain_a that_o any_o thing_n be_v his_o duty_n ignorance_n or_o doubt_n of_o the_o law_n hope_n to_o escape_v the_o knowledge_n or_o power_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n or_o the_o like_a may_v make_v man_n give_v way_n to_o a_o present_a appetite_n but_o let_v any_o one_o see_v the_o fault_n and_o the_o rod_n by_o it_o and_o with_o the_o transgression_n a_o fire_n ready_a to_o punish_v it_o a_o pleasure_n tempt_v and_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o almighty_a visible_o hold_v up_o and_o prepare_v to_o take_v vengeance_n for_o this_o must_v be_v the_o case_n where_o any_o duty_n be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n and_o then_o tell_v i_o whether_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o people_n with_o such_o a_o prospect_n such_o a_o certain_a knowledge_n as_o this_o wanton_o and_o without_o scruple_n to_o offend_v against_o a_o law_n which_o they_o carry_v about_o they_o in_o indelible_a character_n and_o that_o stare_v they_o in_o the_o face_n whilst_o they_o be_v break_v it_o whether_o man_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o they_o feel_v in_o themselves_o the_o imprint_v edict_n of_o a_o omnipotent_a lawmaker_n can_v with_o assurance_n and_o gaity_n slight_a and_o trample_v under_o foot_n his_o most_o sacred_a injunction_n and_o last_o whether_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o whilst_o a_o man_n thus_o open_o bid_v defiance_n to_o this_o innate_a law_n and_o supreme_a lawgiver_n all_o the_o bystander_n yea_o even_o the_o governor_n and_o ruler_n of_o the_o people_n full_a of_o the_o same_o sense_n both_o of_o the_o law_n and_o lawmaker_n shall_v silent_o connive_v without_o testify_v their_o dislike_n or_o lay_v the_o least_o blame_n on_o it_o principle_n of_o action_n indeed_o there_o be_v lodge_v in_o man_n appetite_n but_o these_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v innate_a moral_a principle_n that_o if_o they_o be_v leave_v to_o their_o full_a swing_n they_o will_v carry_v man_n to_o the_o overturning_a of_o all_o morality_n moral_a law_n be_v set_v as_o a_o curb_n and_o restraint_n to_o these_o exorbitant_a desire_n which_o they_o can_v be_v but_o by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n that_o will_v overbalance_n the_o satisfaction_n any_o one_o shall_v propose_v to_o himself_o in_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o law_n if_o therefore_o any_o thing_n be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o man_n as_o a_o law_n all_o man_n must_v have_v a_o certain_a and_o unavoidable_a knowledge_n that_o certain_a and_o unavoidable_a punishment_n will_v attend_v the_o breach_n of_o it_o for_o if_o man_n can_v be_v ignorant_a or_o doubtful_a of_o what_o be_v innate_a innate_a principle_n be_v insist_v on_o and_o urge_v to_o no_o purpose_n truth_n and_o certainty_n the_o thing_n pretend_v be_v not_o at_o all_o
fact_n and_o daily_a observation_n §_o 21._o i_o easy_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v great_a number_n of_o opinion_n which_o by_o man_n of_o different_a country_n education_n and_o temper_n be_v receive_v and_o embrace_v as_o first_o and_o unquestionable_a principle_n many_o whereof_o both_o for_o their_o absurdity_n as_o well_o as_o opposition_n one_o to_o another_o it_o be_v impossible_a shall_v be_v true_a but_o yet_o all_o those_o proposition_n how_o remote_a soever_o from_o reason_n be_v so_o sacred_a somewhere_o or_o other_o that_o man_n even_o of_o good_a understanding_n in_o other_o matter_n will_v soon_o part_v with_o their_o life_n and_o whatever_o be_v dear_a to_o they_o than_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o doubt_n or_o other_o to_o question_n the_o truth_n of_o they_o §_o 22._o this_o however_o strange_a it_o may_v seem_v be_v that_o which_o every_o day_n experience_n confirm_v and_o will_v not_o perhaps_o appear_v so_o wonderful_a if_o we_o consider_v the_o way_n and_o step_n by_o which_o it_o be_v bring_v about_o and_o how_o real_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o doctrine_n that_o have_v be_v derive_v from_o no_o better_a original_n than_o the_o superstition_n of_o a_o nurse_n or_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o old_a woman_n may_v by_o length_n of_o time_n and_o consent_n of_o neighbour_n grow_v up_o to_o the_o dignity_n of_o principle_n in_o religion_n or_o morality_n for_o such_o who_o be_v careful_a as_o they_o call_v it_o to_o principle_n child_n well_o and_o few_o there_o be_v who_o have_v not_o a_o set_n of_o those_o principle_n for_o they_o which_o they_o believe_v in_o instill_v into_o the_o unwary_a and_o as_o yet_o unprejudiced_a understanding_n for_o white_a paper_n receive_v any_o character_n those_o doctrine_n they_o will_v have_v they_o retain_v and_o profess_v these_o be_v teach_v they_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v any_o apprehension_n and_o still_o as_o they_o grow_v up_o confirm_v to_o they_o either_o by_o the_o open_a profession_n or_o tacit_n consent_n of_o all_o they_o have_v to_o do_v with_o or_o at_o least_o by_o those_o of_o who_o wisdom_n knowledge_n and_o piety_n they_o have_v a_o opinion_n who_o never_o suffer_v those_o proposition_n to_o be_v otherwise_o mention_v but_o as_o the_o basis_n and_o foundation_n on_o which_o they_o build_v either_o their_o religion_n or_o manner_n come_v by_o these_o mean_n to_o have_v the_o reputation_n of_o unquestionable_a self-evident_a and_o innate_a truth_n §_o 23._o to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o when_o man_n so_o instruct_v be_v grow_v up_o and_o reflect_v on_o their_o own_o mind_n they_o can_v find_v any_o thing_n more_o ancient_a there_o than_o those_o opinion_n which_o be_v teach_v they_o before_o their_o memory_n begin_v to_o keep_v a_o register_n of_o their_o action_n or_o date_n the_o time_n when_o any_o new_a thing_n appear_v to_o they_o and_o therefore_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o conclude_v that_o those_o proposition_n of_o who_o knowledge_n they_o can_v find_v in_o themselves_o no_o original_n be_v certain_o the_o impress_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n upon_o their_o mind_n and_o not_o teach_v they_o by_o any_o one_o else_o these_o they_o entertain_v and_o submit_v to_o as_o many_o do_v to_o their_o parent_n with_o veneration_n not_o because_o it_o be_v natural_a nor_o do_v child_n do_v it_o where_o they_o be_v not_o so_o teach_v but_o because_o have_v be_v always_o so_o educate_v and_o have_v no_o remembrance_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o respect_n they_o think_v it_o be_v natural_a §_o 24._o this_o will_v appear_v very_o likely_a and_o almost_o unavoidable_a to_o come_v to_o pass_v if_o we_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n and_o the_o constitution_n of_o (null)_o affair_n wherein_o most_o man_n can_v live_v without_o employ_v their_o time_n in_o the_o daily_a labour_n of_o their_o calling_n nor_o be_v at_o quiet_a in_o their_o mind_n without_o some_o foundation_n or_o principle_n to_o rest_v their_o thought_n on_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o one_o so_o float_v and_o superficial_a in_o his_o understanding_n that_o have_v not_o some_o reverence_a proposition_n which_o be_v to_o he_o the_o principle_n on_o which_o he_o bottom_n his_o reason_n and_o by_o which_o he_o judge_v of_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n right_o and_o wrong_n which_o some_o want_v skill_n and_o leisure_n and_o other_o the_o inclination_n and_o some_o be_v teach_v they_o ought_v not_o to_o examine_v there_o be_v few_o to_o be_v find_v who_o be_v not_o expose_v by_o their_o ignorance_n laziness_n education_n or_o precipitancy_n to_o take_v they_o upon_o trust_n §_o 25._o this_o be_v evident_o the_o case_n of_o all_o child_n and_o young_a folk_n and_o custom_n a_o great_a power_n than_o nature_n seldom_o fail_v to_o make_v they_o worship_n for_o divine_a what_o she_o have_v enure_v they_o to_o bow_v their_o mind_n and_o submit_v their_o understanding_n to_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o grow_v man_n either_o perplex_v in_o the_o necessary_a affair_n of_o life_n or_o hot_a in_o the_o pursuit_n of_o pleasure_n shall_v not_o serious_o sit_v down_o to_o examine_v their_o own_o tenet_n especial_o when_o one_o of_o their_o principle_n be_v that_o principle_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v question_v and_o have_v man_n leisure_n part_n and_o will_v who_o be_v there_o almost_o that_o dare_v to_o shake_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o his_o past_a thought_n and_o action_n and_o endure_v to_o bring_v upon_o himself_o the_o shame_n of_o have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n whole_o in_o mistake_n and_o error_n who_o be_v there_o hardy_a enough_o to_o contend_v with_o the_o reproach_n which_o be_v every_o where_o prepare_v for_o those_o who_o dare_v venture_v to_o dissent_v from_o the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o their_o country_n or_o party_n and_o where_o be_v the_o man_n to_o be_v find_v that_o can_v patient_o prepare_v himself_o to_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o whimsical_a sceptical_a or_o atheist_n which_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o who_o do_v in_o the_o least_o scruple_n any_o of_o the_o common_a opinion_n and_o he_o will_v be_v much_o more_o afraid_a to_o question_v those_o principle_n when_o he_o shall_v think_v they_o as_o most_o man_n do_v the_o standard_n set_v up_o by_o god_n in_o his_o mind_n to_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o touchstone_n of_o all_o other_o opinion_n and_o what_o can_v hinder_v he_o from_o think_v they_o sacred_a when_o he_o find_v they_o the_o early_a of_o all_o his_o own_o thought_n and_o the_o most_o reverence_v by_o other_o §_o 26._o it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o by_o these_o mean_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n worship_v the_o idol_n have_v be_v set_v up_o in_o their_o mind_n grow_v fond_a of_o the_o notion_n they_o have_v be_v long_o acquaint_v with_o there_o and_o stamp_v the_o character_n of_o divinity_n upon_o absurdity_n and_o error_n become_v zealous_a votary_n to_o bull_n and_o monkey_n and_o content_v too_o fight_n and_o die_v in_o defence_n of_o their_o opinion_n dum_fw-la solos_fw-la credit_n habendos_fw-la esse_fw-la deos_fw-la quos_fw-la ipse_fw-la colit_fw-la for_o since_o the_o reason_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n which_o be_v almost_o constant_o though_o not_o always_o wary_o nor_o wise_o employ_v will_v not_o know_v how_o to_o move_v for_o want_v of_o a_o foundation_n and_o foot_v in_o most_o man_n who_o through_o laziness_n or_o avocation_n do_v not_o or_o for_o want_v of_o time_n or_o true_a help_n or_o other_o cause_n can_v penetrate_v into_o the_o principle_n of_o knowledge_n and_o trace_v truth_n to_o its_o fountain_n and_o original_n it_o be_v natural_a for_o they_o and_o almost_o unavoidable_a to_o take_v up_o with_o some_o borrow_a principle_n which_o be_v repute_v and_o presume_v to_o be_v the_o evident_a proof_n of_o other_o thing_n be_v think_v not_o to_o need_v any_o other_o proof_n themselves_o whoever_o shall_v receive_v any_o of_o these_o into_o their_o thought_n without_o due_a examination_n but_o believe_v they_o because_o they_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v may_v take_v up_o from_o his_o education_n and_o the_o fashion_n of_o his_o country_n any_o absurdity_n for_o innate_a principle_n and_o by_o long_o pore_v on_o the_o same_o object_n so_o dim_a his_o sight_n as_o to_o take_v monster_n lodge_v in_o his_o own_o brain_n for_o the_o image_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o the_o workmanship_n of_o his_o hand_n §_o 27._o by_o this_o progress_n how_o many_o there_o be_v who_o arrive_v at_o principle_n which_o they_o believe_v innate_a may_v be_v easy_o observe_v in_o the_o variety_n of_o opposite_a principle_n hold_v and_o contend_v for_o by_o all_o sort_n and_o degree_n of_o men._n and_o he_o that_o shall_v deny_v this_o to_o be_v the_o method_n wherein_o most_o man_n proceed_v to_o the_o assurance_n they_o have_v of_o the_o unalterable_a truth_n and_o evidence_n of_o their_o principle_n will_n perhaps_o find_v it_o
a_o hard_a matter_n any_o other_o way_n to_o account_v for_o the_o contrary_a tenet_n which_o be_v firm_o believe_v confident_o assert_v and_o which_o great_a number_n be_v ready_a at_o any_o time_n to_o seal_v with_o their_o blood_n and_o indeed_o if_o it_o be_v the_o privilege_n of_o innate_a principle_n to_o be_v receive_v upon_o their_o own_o authority_n without_o examination_n i_o know_v not_o what_o may_v not_o be_v believe_v or_o how_o any_o one_o principle_n can_v be_v question_v if_o they_o may_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v examine_v and_o try_v i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o first_o and_o innate_a principle_n can_v be_v try_v or_o at_o least_o it_o be_v reasonable_a to_o demand_v the_o mark_n and_o character_n whereby_o the_o genuine_a innate_a principle_n may_v be_v distinguish_v from_o other_o that_o so_o amid_o the_o great_a variety_n of_o pretender_n i_o may_v be_v keep_v from_o mistake_n in_o so_o material_a a_o point_n as_o this_o when_o this_o be_v do_v i_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o embrace_v such_o welcome_a and_o useful_a proposition_n and_o till_o than_o i_o may_v with_o modesty_n doubt_n since_o i_o fear_v universal_a consent_n which_o be_v the_o only_a one_o produce_v will_v scare_v prove_v a_o sufficient_a mark_n to_o direct_v my_o choice_n and_o assure_v i_o of_o any_o innate_a principle_n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v i_o think_v it_o be_v past_a doubt_n that_o there_o be_v no_o practical_a principle_n wherein_o all_o man_n agree_v and_o therefore_o none_o innate_a chap._n iu._n other_o consideration_n concern_v innate_a principle_n both_o speculative_a and_o practical_a §_o 1._o have_v those_o who_o will_v persuade_v we_o that_o there_o be_v innate_a principle_n not_o take_v they_o together_o in_o gross_a but_o consider_v separately_z the_o part_n out_o of_o which_o those_o proposition_n be_v make_v they_o will_v not_o perhaps_o have_v be_v so_o forward_o to_o believe_v they_o be_v innate_a since_o if_o the_o idea_n which_o make_v up_o those_o truth_n be_v not_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o the_o proposition_n make_v up_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v innate_a or_o our_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v bear_v with_o we_o for_o if_o the_o idea_n be_v not_o innate_a there_o be_v a_o time_n when_o the_o mind_n be_v without_o those_o principle_n and_o then_o they_o will_v not_o be_v innate_a but_o be_v derive_v from_o some_o other_o original_a for_o where_o the_o idea_n themselves_o be_v not_o there_o can_v be_v no_o knowledge_n no_o assent_n no_o mental_a or_o verbal_a proposition_n about_o they_o §_o 2._o if_o we_o will_v attent_o consider_v new_o bear_v child_n we_o shall_v have_v little_a reason_n to_o think_v that_o they_o bring_v many_o idea_n into_o the_o world_n with_o they_o for_o bate_v perhaps_o some_o faint_a idea_n of_o hunger_n and_o thirst_v and_o warmth_n and_o some_o pain_n which_o they_o may_v have_v feel_v in_o the_o womb_n there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o appearance_n of_o any_o settle_a idea_n at_o all_o in_o they_o especial_o of_o idea_n answer_v the_o term_n which_o make_v up_o those_o universal_a proposition_n that_o be_v esteem_v innate_a principle_n one_o may_v perceive_v how_o by_o degree_n afterward_o idea_n come_v into_o their_o mind_n and_o that_o they_o get_v no_o more_o nor_o no_o other_o than_o what_o experience_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o thing_n that_o come_v in_o their_o way_n furnish_v they_o with_o which_o may_v be_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v we_o that_o they_o be_v not_o original_a character_n stamp_v on_o the_o mind_n §_o 3._o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v be_v certain_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o a_o innate_a principle_n but_o can_v any_o one_o think_v or_o will_v any_o one_o say_v that_o impossibility_n and_o identity_n be_v two_o innate_a idea_n be_v they_o such_o as_o all_o mankind_n have_v and_o bring_v into_o the_o world_n with_o they_o and_o be_v they_o those_o that_o be_v the_o first_o in_o child_n and_o antecedent_n to_o all_o acquire_v one_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a they_o must_v needs_o be_v so_o have_v a_o child_n a_o idea_n of_o impossibility_n and_o identity_n before_o it_o have_v of_o white_a or_o black_a sweet_a or_o bitter_a and_o be_v it_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o principle_n that_o it_o conclude_v that_o wormwood_n rub_v on_o the_o nipple_n be_v not_o the_o same_o taste_n that_o it_o use_v to_o receive_v from_o thence_o be_v it_o the_o actual_a knowledge_n of_o impossibile_fw-it est_fw-la idem_fw-la esse_fw-la &_o non_fw-la esse_fw-la that_o make_v a_o child_n distinguish_v between_o its_o mother_n and_o a_o stranger_n or_o that_o make_v it_o fond_a of_o the_o one_o and_o fly_v the_o other_o or_o do_v the_o mind_n regulate_v itself_o and_o its_o assent_n by_o idea_n that_o it_o never_o yet_o have_v or_o the_o understanding_n draw_v conclusion_n from_o principle_n which_o it_o never_o yet_o know_v or_o understand_v the_o name_n impossibility_n and_o identity_n stand_v for_o two_o idea_n so_o far_o from_o be_v innate_a or_o bear_v with_o we_o that_o i_o think_v it_o require_v great_a care_n and_o attention_n to_o form_v they_o right_o in_o our_o understanding_n they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o world_n with_o we_o so_o remote_a from_o the_o thought_n of_o infancy_n and_o childhood_n that_o i_o believe_v upon_o examination_n it_o will_v be_v find_v that_o many_o grow_v man_n want_v they_o §_o 4._o if_o identity_n to_o instance_n in_o that_o alone_a be_v a_o native_a impression_n and_o consequent_o so_o clear_a and_o obvious_a to_o we_o that_o we_o must_v needs_o know_v it_o even_o from_o our_o cradle_n i_o will_v glad_o be_v resolve_v by_o one_o of_o seven_o or_o seventy_o year_n old_a whether_o a_o man_n be_v a_o creature_n consist_v of_o soul_n and_o body_n be_v the_o same_o man_n when_o his_o body_n be_v change_v whether_o euphorbus_n and_o pythagoras_n have_v have_v the_o same_o soul_n be_v the_o same_o man_n though_o they_o live_v several_a age_n asunder_o nay_o whether_o the_o cock_n too_o which_o have_v the_o same_o soul_n be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o both_o of_o they_o whereby_o perhaps_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o our_o idea_n of_o sameness_n be_v not_o so_o settle_v and_o clear_a as_o to_o deserve_v to_o be_v think_v innate_a in_o we_o for_o if_o those_o innate_a idea_n be_v not_o clear_a and_o distinct_a so_o as_o to_o be_v universal_o know_v and_o natural_o agree_v on_o they_o can_v be_v the_o subject_n of_o universal_a and_o undoubted_a truth_n but_o will_v be_v the_o unavoidable_a occasion_n of_o perpetual_a uncertainty_n for_o i_o suppose_v every_o one_o idea_n of_o identity_n will_v not_o be_v the_o same_o that_o pythagoras_n and_o thousand_o other_o of_o his_o follower_n have_v and_o which_o then_o shall_v be_v the_o true_a which_o innate_a or_o be_v there_o two_o different_a idea_n of_o identity_n both_o innate_a §_o 5._o nor_o let_v any_o one_o think_v that_o the_o question_n i_o have_v here_o propose_v about_o the_o identity_n of_o man_n be_v bare_a empty_a speculation_n which_o if_o they_o be_v will_v be_v enough_o to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n of_o man_n no_o innate_a idea_n of_o identity_n he_o that_o shall_v with_o a_o little_a attention_n reflect_v on_o the_o resurrection_n and_o consider_v that_o divine_a justice_n shall_v bring_v to_o judgement_n at_o the_o last_o day_n the_o very_a same_o person_n to_o be_v happy_a or_o miserable_a in_o the_o other_o who_o do_v well_o or_o ill_o in_o this_o life_n will_v find_v it_o perhaps_o not_o easy_a to_o resolve_v with_o himself_o what_o make_v the_o same_o man_n or_o wherein_o identity_n consist_v and_o will_v not_o be_v forward_o to_o think_v he_o and_o every_o one_o even_o child_n themselves_o have_v natural_o a_o clear_a idea_n of_o it_o §_o 6._o let_v we_o examine_v that_o principle_n of_o mathematics_n viz._n that_o the_o whole_a be_v big_a than_o a_o part_n this_o i_o take_v it_o be_v reckon_v among_o innate_a principle_n i_o be_o sure_a it_o have_v as_o good_a a_o title_n as_o any_o to_o be_v think_v so_o which_o yet_o no_o body_n can_v think_v it_o to_o be_v when_o he_o consider_v the_o idea_n it_o comprehend_v in_o it_o whole_a and_o part_v be_v perfect_o relative_n but_o the_o positive_a idea_n to_o which_o they_o proper_o and_o immediate_o belong_v be_v extension_n and_o number_n of_o which_o alone_o whole_a and_o part_v be_v relation_n so_o that_o if_o whole_a and_o part_n be_v innate_a idea_n extension_n and_o number_n must_v be_v so_o too_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o relation_n without_o have_v any_o at_o all_o of_o the_o thing_n to_o which_o it_o belong_v and_o in_o which_o it_o be_v found_v now_o whether_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n have_v
the_o same_o precise_a signification_n since_o one_o man_n complex_fw-la idea_n seldom_o agree_v with_o another_o and_o often_o differ_v from_o his_o own_o from_o that_o which_o he_o have_v yesterday_o or_o will_v have_v to_o morrow_n §_o 7._o ii_o because_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n for_o the_o most_o part_n want_v standard_n in_o nature_n whereby_o man_n may_v rectify_v and_o adjust_a their_o signification_n therefore_o they_o be_v very_o various_a and_o doubtful_a they_o be_v assemblage_n of_o idea_n put_v together_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o mind_n pursue_v its_o own_o end_n of_o discourse_n and_o suit_v to_o its_o own_o notion_n whereby_o it_o design_v not_o to_o copy_v any_o thing_n real_o exist_v but_o to_o denominate_v and_o rank_a thing_n as_o they_o come_v to_o agree_v with_o those_o archetype_n or_o form_n it_o have_v make_v he_o that_o first_o bring_v the_o word_n shame_n wheedle_n or_o banter_n in_o use_n put_v together_o as_o he_o think_v fit_a those_o idea_n he_o make_v it_o stand_v for_o and_o as_o it_o be_v with_o any_o new_a name_n of_o modes_n that_o be_v now_o bring_v into_o any_o language_n so_o be_v it_o with_o the_o old_a one_o when_o they_o be_v first_o make_v use_n of_o name_n therefore_o that_o stand_v for_o collection_n of_o idea_n which_o the_o mind_n make_v at_o pleasure_n must_v needs_o be_v of_o doubtful_a signification_n when_o such_o collection_n be_v nowhere_o to_o be_v find_v constant_o unite_v in_o nature_n nor_o no_o pattern_n to_o be_v show_v whereby_o man_n may_v adjust_a themâ—_n what_o the_o word_n murder_n or_o sacrilege_n etc._n etc._n signify_v can_v never_o be_v know_v from_o thing_n themselves_o there_o be_v many_o of_o the_o part_n of_o those_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o be_v not_o visible_a in_o the_o action_n itself_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o the_o relation_n of_o holy_a thing_n which_o make_v a_o part_n of_o murder_n or_o sacrilege_n have_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n with_o the_o outward_a and_o visible_a action_n of_o he_o that_o commit_v either_o and_o the_o pull_v the_o trigger_n of_o the_o gun_n with_o which_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v and_o be_v all_o the_o action_n that_o perhaps_o be_v visible_a have_v no_o natural_a connexion_n with_o those_o other_o idea_n that_o make_v up_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o name_v murtherâ—_n â—_z they_o have_v their_o union_n and_o combination_n only_o from_o the_o understanding_n â—hich_v unite_v they_o under_o one_o name_n but_o unite_n they_o without_o any_o rule_n or_o pattern_n it_o can_v be_v but_o that_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o such_o voluntary_a collection_n shall_v be_v often_o various_a in_o the_o mind_n of_o different_a man_n who_o have_v scarce_o any_o stand_a rule_n to_o regulate_v themselves_o and_o their_o notion_n of_o such_o arbitrary_a idea_n by_o §_o 8._o it_o be_v true_a common_a use_n that_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o propriety_n may_v be_v suppose_v here_o to_o afford_v some_o aid_n to_o settle_v the_o signification_n of_o language_n and_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o in_o some_o measure_n it_o do_v common_a use_n regulate_v the_o mean_v of_o word_n pretty_a well_o for_o common_a conversation_n but_o no_o body_n have_v a_o authority_n to_o establish_v the_o precise_a signification_n of_o word_n nor_o determine_v to_o what_o idea_n any_o one_o shall_v annex_v they_o common_a use_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o adjust_a they_o to_o philosophical_a discourse_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o name_n of_o any_o very_a complex_fw-la idea_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o other_o which_o in_o common_a use_n have_v not_o a_o great_a latitude_n and_o which_o keep_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o propriety_n may_v not_o be_v make_v the_o sign_n of_o far_o different_a idea_n beside_o the_o rule_n and_o measure_n propriety_n of_o itself_o be_v no_o where_o establish_v it_o be_v often_o matter_n of_o dispute_n whether_o this_o or_o that_o way_n of_o use_v a_o word_n be_v propriety_n of_o speech_n or_o noâ—_n from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o name_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o very_a complex_fw-la idea_n be_v natural_o liable_a to_o this_o imperfection_n to_o be_v of_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a signification_n and_o even_o in_o man_n that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o understand_v one_o another_o do_v not_o always_o stand_v for_o the_o same_o idea_n in_o speaker_n and_o hearer_n though_o the_o name_n glory_n and_o gratitude_n be_v the_o same_o in_o every_o man_n mouth_n through_o a_o whole_a country_n yet_o the_o complex_fw-la collective_a idea_n which_o every_o one_o think_v on_o or_o intend_v by_o that_o name_n be_v apparent_o very_o different_a by_o man_n use_v the_o same_o language_n §_o 9_o the_o way_n also_o wherein_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v ordinary_o learn_v do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v to_o the_o doubtfulness_n of_o their_o signification_n for_o if_o we_o will_v observe_v how_o child_n learn_v language_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o to_o make_v they_o understand_v what_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n or_o substance_n stand_v for_o people_z ordinary_o show_v they_o the_o thing_n whereof_o they_o will_v have_v they_o have_v the_o idea_n and_o then_o repeat_v to_o they_o the_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o it_o as_o white_a sweet_a milk_n sugar_n cat_n dog_n but_o as_o for_o mix_a modes_n especial_o the_o most_o material_a of_o they_o moral_a word_n the_o sound_n be_v usual_o learn_v first_o and_o then_o to_o know_v what_o complex_fw-la ideas_n they_o stand_v for_o they_o be_v either_o behold_v to_o the_o explication_n of_o other_o or_o which_o happen_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v lest_o to_o their_o own_o observation_n and_o industry_n which_o be_v little_o lay_v out_o in_o the_o search_n of_o the_o true_a and_o precise_a meaning_n of_o name_n these_o moral_a word_n be_v in_o most_o man_n mouth_n little_o more_o than_o bare_a sound_n or_o when_o they_o have_v any_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o a_o very_a obscure_a and_o confuse_a signification_n and_o even_o those_o themselves_o who_o have_v with_o more_o attention_n settle_v their_o notion_n do_v yet_o hardly_o avoid_v the_o inconvenience_n to_o have_v they_o stand_v for_o complex_fw-la idea_n different_a from_o those_o which_o other_o even_o intelligent_a and_o studious_a man_n make_v they_o the_o sign_n of_o where_o shall_v one_o find_v any_o either_o controversial_a debate_n or_o familiar_a discourse_n concern_v honour_n faith_n grace_n religion_n church_n etc._n etc._n wherein_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o observe_v the_o different_a notion_n man_n have_v of_o they_o which_o be_v nothing_o but_o this_o that_o they_o be_v not_o agree_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o word_n have_v not_o the_o same_o complex_fw-la ideas_n they_o make_v they_o stand_v for_o and_o so_o all_o the_o contest_v that_o follow_v thereupon_o be_v only_o about_o the_o meaning_n of_o a_o sound_n and_o hence_o we_o see_v that_o in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o law_n whether_o divine_a or_o (null)_o there_o be_v no_o end_n comment_n beget_v comment_n and_o explication_n make_v new_a matter_n for_o explication_n and_o of_o limit_v distinguish_a vary_v the_o signification_n of_o these_o moral_a word_n there_o be_v no_o end_n these_o idea_n of_o man_n make_v be_v by_o man_n still_o have_v the_o same_o power_n multiply_v in_o infinitum_fw-la many_o a_o man_n who_o be_v pretty_a well_o satisfy_v of_o the_o meaning_n of_o a_o text_n of_o scripture_n or_o clause_n in_o the_o code_n at_o first_o read_v have_v by_o consult_v commentator_n quite_o lose_v the_o sense_n of_o it_o and_o by_o those_o elucidation_n give_v rise_v or_o increase_v to_o his_o doubt_n and_o draw_v obscurity_n upon_o the_o place_n i_o say_v not_o this_o that_o i_o think_v commentary_n needless_a but_o to_o show_v how_o uncertain_a the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n natural_o be_v even_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o thâ—se_a who_o have_v both_o the_o intention_n and_o the_o faculty_n of_o speak_v as_o clear_o as_o language_n be_v capable_a to_o express_v their_o thought_n §_o 10._o what_o obscurity_n this_o have_v unavoidable_o bring_v upon_o the_o write_n of_o man_n who_o have_v live_v in_o remote_a age_n and_o different_a country_n it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o take_v notice_n since_o the_o numerous_a volume_n of_o learned_a man_n employ_v their_o thought_n that_o way_n be_v proof_n more_o than_o enough_o to_o show_v what_o attention_n study_n sagacity_n and_o reason_v be_v require_v to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a mean_v of_o ancient_a author_n but_o there_o be_v no_o write_n we_o have_v any_o great_a concernment_n to_o be_v very_o solicitous_a about_o the_o meaning_n of_o but_o those_o that_o contain_v either_o truth_n we_o be_v require_v to_o believe_v or_o law_n we_o be_v to_o obey_v and_o draw_v inconvenience_n on_o we_o when_o we_o mistake_v
or_o transgress_v we_o may_v be_v less_o anxious_a about_o the_o sense_n of_o other_o author_n who_o write_v but_o their_o own_o opinion_n we_o be_v under_o no_o great_a necessity_n to_o know_v they_o than_o they_o to_o know_v we_o our_o good_a or_o evil_n depend_v not_o on_o their_o decree_n we_o may_v safe_o be_v ignorant_a of_o their_o notion_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o read_n of_o they_o if_o they_o do_v not_o use_v their_o word_n with_o a_o due_a clearness_n and_o perspicuity_n we_o may_v lay_v they_o aside_o and_o without_o any_o injury_n do_v they_o resolve_v thus_o with_o ourselves_o si_fw-la non_fw-la vis_fw-la intelligi_fw-la debes_fw-la negligi_fw-la §_o 11._o if_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v uncertain_a because_o there_o be_v no_o real_a standard_n exist_v in_o nature_n to_o which_o those_o idea_n be_v refer_v and_o by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v adjust_v the_o name_n of_o substance_n be_v of_o a_o doubtful_a signification_n for_o a_o contrary_a reason_n viz._n because_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v suppose_v conformable_a to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n and_o be_v refer_v to_o standard_n make_v by_o nature_n in_o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n we_o have_v not_o the_o liberty_n as_o in_o mix_a modes_n to_o frame_v what_o combination_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o be_v the_o characteristical_a note_n to_o rank_n and_o denominate_v thing_n by_o in_o these_o we_o must_v follow_v nature_n suit_n our_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o real_a existence_n and_o regulate_v the_o signification_n of_o their_o name_n by_o the_o thing_n themselves_o if_o we_o will_v have_v our_o name_n to_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o they_o and_o stand_v for_o they_o here_o it_o be_v true_a we_o have_v pattern_n to_o follow_v but_o pattern_n that_o will_v make_v the_o signification_n of_o their_o name_n very_o uncertain_a for_o name_n must_v be_v of_o a_o very_a unsteady_a and_o various_a meaning_n if_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v refer_v to_o standard_n without_o we_o that_o either_o can_v be_v know_v at_o all_o or_o can_v be_v know_v but_o imperfect_o and_o uncertain_o §_o 12._o the_o name_n of_o substance_n have_v as_o have_v be_v show_v a_o double_a reference_n in_o their_o ordinary_a use_n first_o sometime_o they_o be_v make_v to_o stand_v for_o and_o so_o their_o signification_n be_v suppose_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o real_a constitution_n of_o thing_n from_o which_o all_o their_o property_n flow_v and_o in_o which_o they_o all_o centre_n but_o this_o real_a constitution_n or_o as_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v call_v essence_n be_v utter_o unknown_a to_o we_o any_o sound_n that_o be_v put_v to_o stand_v for_o it_o must_v be_v very_o uncertain_a in_o its_o application_n and_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o know_v what_o thing_n be_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v call_v a_o horse_n or_o antimony_n when_o those_o word_n be_v put_v for_o real_a essence_n that_o we_o have_v no_o idea_n of_o at_o all_o and_o therefore_o in_o this_o supposition_n the_o name_n of_o substance_n be_v refer_v to_o standard_n that_o can_v be_v know_v their_o signification_n can_v never_o be_v adjust_v and_o establish_v by_o those_o standard_n §_o 13._o second_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o be_v find_v to_o co-exist_a in_o substance_n be_v that_o which_o their_o name_n immediate_o signify_v these_o as_o unite_z in_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o thing_n be_v the_o proper_a standard_n to_o which_o their_o name_n be_v refer_v and_o by_o which_o their_o signification_n may_v best_o be_v rectify_v but_o neither_o will_v these_o archetype_n so_o well_o serve_v to_o this_o purpose_n as_o to_o leave_v these_o name_n without_o very_o various_a and_o uncertain_a signification_n because_o these_o simple_a idea_n that_o co-exist_a and_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o same_o subject_a be_v very_o numerous_a and_o have_v all_o a_o equal_a right_a to_o go_v into_o the_o complex_fw-la specific_a idea_n which_o the_o specific_a name_n be_v to_o stand_v for_o man_n though_o they_o purpose_v to_o themselves_o the_o very_a same_o subject_a to_o consider_v yet_o frame_v very_o different_a idea_n about_o it_o and_o so_o the_o name_n they_o use_v for_o it_o unavoidable_o come_v to_o have_v in_o several_a man_n very_o different_a signification_n the_o simple_a quality_n which_o make_v up_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v most_o of_o they_o power_n in_o relation_n to_o change_n they_o be_v apt_a to_o make_v in_o or_o receive_v from_o other_o body_n be_v almost_o infinite_a he_o that_o shall_v but_o observe_v what_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o alteration_n any_o one_o of_o the_o base_a metal_n be_v apt_a to_o receive_v from_o the_o different_a application_n only_o of_o fire_n and_o how_o much_o a_o great_a number_n of_o change_n any_o of_o they_o will_v receive_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o chemist_n by_o the_o application_n of_o other_o body_n will_v not_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o i_o count_v the_o property_n of_o any_o sort_n of_o body_n not_o easy_a to_o be_v collect_v and_o complete_o know_v by_o the_o way_n of_o enquiry_n which_o our_o faculty_n be_v capable_a of_o they_o be_v therefore_o at_o least_o so_o many_o that_o no_o man_n can_v know_v the_o precise_a and_o definite_a number_n they_o be_v different_o discover_v by_o different_a man_n according_a to_o their_o various_a skill_n attention_n and_o way_n of_o handle_v who_o therefore_o can_v choose_v but_o have_v different_a idea_n of_o the_o same_o substance_n and_o therefore_o make_v the_o signification_n of_o its_o common_a name_n very_o various_a and_o uncertain_a for_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n be_v make_v up_o of_o such_o simple_a one_o as_o be_v suppose_v to_o co-exist_a in_o nature_n every_o one_o have_v a_o right_a to_o put_v into_o his_o complex_fw-la idea_n those_o quality_n he_o have_v find_v to_o be_v unite_v together_o for_o though_o in_o the_o substance_n gold_n one_o satisfy_v himself_o with_o colour_n and_o weight_n yet_o another_o think_v solubility_n in_o aq._n regia_n as_o necessary_a to_o be_v join_v with_o that_o colour_n in_o his_o idea_n of_o gold_n as_o any_o one_o do_v its_o fusibility_n solubility_n in_o aq_n regius_fw-la be_v a_o quality_n as_o constant_o join_v with_o its_o colour_n and_o weight_n as_o fusibility_n or_o any_o other_o other_o put_v in_o its_o ductility_n or_o fixedness_n etc._n etc._n as_o they_o have_v be_v teach_v by_o tradition_n or_o experience_n who_o of_o all_o these_o have_v establish_v the_o right_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n gold_n or_o who_o shall_v be_v the_o judge_n to_o determine_v each_o have_v his_o standard_n in_o nature_n which_o he_o appeal_v to_o and_o with_o reason_n think_v he_o have_v the_o same_o right_a to_o put_v into_o his_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o word_n gold_n those_o quality_n which_o upon_o trial_n he_o have_v find_v unite_v as_o another_o who_o have_v not_o so_o well_o examine_v have_v to_o leave_v they_o out_o or_o a_o three_o who_o have_v make_v other_o trial_n have_v to_o put_v in_o other_o for_o the_o union_n in_o nature_n of_o these_o quality_n be_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o their_o union_n in_o one_o complex_fw-la idea_n who_o can_v say_v one_o of_o they_o have_v more_o reason_n to_o be_v put_v in_o or_o leave_v out_o than_o another_o from_o whence_o it_o will_v always_o unavoidable_o follow_v that_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n in_o man_n use_v the_o same_o name_n for_o they_o will_v be_v very_o various_a and_o so_o the_o signification_n of_o those_o name_n very_o uncertain_a §_o 14._o beside_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o particular_a thing_n exist_v which_o in_o some_o of_o its_o simple_a idea_n do_v not_o communicate_v with_o a_o great_a and_o in_o other_o with_o a_o less_o number_n of_o particular_a being_n who_o shall_v determine_v in_o this_o case_n which_o be_v those_o that_o be_v to_o make_v up_o the_o precise_a collection_n which_o be_v to_o be_v signify_v by_o the_o specific_a name_n or_o can_v with_o any_o just_a authority_n prescribe_v which_o obvious_a or_o common_a quality_n be_v to_o be_v leave_v out_o or_o which_o more_o secret_a or_o more_o particular_a be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o name_n of_o any_o substance_n all_o which_o together_o seldom_o or_o never_o fail_v to_o produce_v that_o various_a and_o doubtful_a signification_n in_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n which_o cause_v such_o uncertainty_n dispute_n or_o mistake_v when_o we_o come_v to_o a_o philosophical_a use_n of_o they_o §_o 15._o it_o be_v true_a as_o to_o civil_a and_o common_a conversation_n the_o general_a name_n of_o substance_n regulate_v in_o their_o ordinary_a signification_n by_o some_o obvious_a quality_n as_o by_o the_o shape_n and_o figure_n in_o thing_n of_o know_a seminal_a propagation_n and_o in_o other_o substance_n for_o the_o most_o
sense_n be_v often_o reject_v when_o they_o offer_v to_o vouch_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o these_o establish_a rule_n how_o much_o the_o doctrine_n of_o innate_a principle_n and_o that_o principle_n be_v not_o to_o be_v prove_v or_o question_v have_v contribute_v to_o this_o i_o will_v not_o here_o examine_v this_o i_o ready_o grant_v that_o one_o truth_n can_v contradict_v another_o but_o withal_o i_o take_v leave_v also_o to_o say_v that_o every_o one_o ought_v very_o careful_o to_o beware_v what_o he_o admit_v for_o a_o principle_n to_o examine_v it_o strict_o and_o see_v whether_o he_o certain_o know_v it_o to_o be_v true_a of_o itself_o by_o its_o own_o evidence_n or_o whether_o he_o do_v only_o with_o assurance_n believe_v it_o to_o be_v so_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o other_o for_o he_o have_v a_o strong_a bias_n put_v into_o his_o understanding_n which_o will_v unavoidable_o misguide_v his_o assent_n who_o have_v imbibe_v wrong_a principle_n and_o have_v blind_o give_v himself_o up_o to_o the_o authority_n of_o any_o opinion_n in_o itself_o not_o evident_o true_a §_o 9_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o ordinary_a than_o that_o child_n shall_v receive_v into_o their_o mind_n proposition_n especial_o about_o matter_n of_o religion_n from_o their_o parent_n nurse_n or_o those_o about_o they_o which_o be_v insinuate_v into_o their_o unwary_a as_o well_o as_o unbiased_a understanding_n and_o fasten_v by_o degree_n be_v at_o last_o equal_o whether_o true_a or_o false_a rivet_v there_o by_o long_a custom_n and_o education_n beyond_o all_o possibility_n of_o be_v pull_v out_o again_o for_o man_n when_o they_o be_v grow_v up_o reflect_v upon_o their_o opinion_n and_o find_v those_o of_o this_o sort_n to_o be_v as_o ancient_a in_o their_o mind_n as_o their_o very_a memory_n not_o have_v observe_v their_o early_a insinuation_n nor_o by_o what_o mean_v they_o get_v they_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o reverence_v they_o as_o sacred_a thing_n not_o to_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v profane_v touch_v or_o question_v but_o look_v on_o they_o as_o the_o urim_n and_o thummim_v set_v up_o in_o their_o mind_n immediate_o by_o god_n himself_o to_o be_v the_o great_a and_o unerring_a decider_n of_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n and_o the_o judge_n to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o appeal_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o controversy_n §_o 10._o this_o opinion_n of_o his_o principle_n let_v they_o be_v what_o they_o will_v be_v once_o establish_v in_o any_o one_o mind_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v imagine_v what_o reception_n any_o proposition_n shall_v find_v how_o clear_o soever_o prove_v that_o shall_v invalidate_v their_o authority_n or_o at_o all_o thwart_a with_o these_o internal_a oracle_n whereas_o the_o gross_a absurdity_n and_o improbability_n be_v but_o agreeable_a to_o such_o principle_n go_v down_o glib_o and_o be_v easy_o digest_v the_o great_a obstinacy_n that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o man_n firm_o believe_v quite_o contrary_a opinion_n though_o many_o time_n equal_o absurd_a in_o the_o various_a religion_n of_o mankind_n be_v as_o evident_a a_o proof_n as_o they_o be_v a_o unavoidable_a consequence_n of_o this_o way_n of_o reason_v from_o receive_v traditional_a principle_n so_o that_o man_n will_v disbelieve_v their_o own_o eye_n renounce_v the_o evidence_n of_o their_o sense_n and_o give_v their_o own_o experience_n the_o lie_n rather_o than_o admit_v of_o any_o thing_n disagree_v with_o these_o sacred_a tenet_n take_v a_o intelligent_a romanist_n that_o from_o the_o very_a first_o dawning_n of_o any_o notion_n in_o his_o understanding_n have_v have_v this_o principle_n constant_o inculcate_v viz._n that_o he_o must_v believe_v as_o the_o church_n believe_v or_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v infallible_a and_o this_o he_o never_o so_o much_o as_o hear_v question_v till_o at_o forty_o or_o fifty_o year_n old_a he_o meet_v with_o one_o of_o other_o principle_n how_o be_v he_o prepare_v easy_o to_o swallow_v not_o only_o against_o all_o probability_n but_o even_o the_o clear_a evidence_n of_o his_o sense_n the_o doctrine_n of_o transubstantiation_n and_o will_v believe_v that_o to_o be_v flesh_n which_o he_o see_v to_o be_v bread_n and_o what_o way_n will_v you_o take_v to_o convince_v a_o man_n of_o any_o improbable_a opinion_n he_o hold_v who_o with_o some_o philosopher_n have_v lay_v down_o this_o as_o a_o foundation_n of_o reason_v that_o he_o must_v believe_v his_o reason_n for_o so_o man_n improper_o call_v argument_n draw_v from_o their_o principle_n against_o their_o sense_n let_v a_o enthusiast_n be_v principled_a that_o he_o or_o his_o teacher_n be_v inspire_v and_o act_v by_o a_o immediate_a communication_n of_o the_o divine_a spirit_n and_o you_o in_o vain_a bring_v the_o evidence_n of_o clear_a reason_n against_o his_o doctrine_n whoever_o therefore_o have_v imbibe_v wrong_a principle_n be_v not_o in_o thing_n inconsistent_a with_o these_o principle_n to_o be_v move_v by_o the_o most_o apparent_a and_o convince_a probability_n till_o they_o be_v so_o candid_a and_o ingenuous_a to_o themselves_o as_o to_o be_v persuade_v to_o examine_v even_o those_o very_a principle_n which_o many_o never_a suffer_v themselves_o to_o do_v §_o 11._o second_o next_o to_o these_o be_v man_n who_o understanding_n be_v cast_v into_o a_o mould_n and_o fashion_v just_a to_o the_o size_n of_o a_o receive_a hypothesis_n the_o difference_n between_o these_o and_o the_o former_a be_v that_o they_o will_v admit_v of_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o agree_v with_o dissenter_n in_o that_o but_o differ_v only_o in_o assign_v of_o reason_n and_o explain_v the_o manner_n of_o operation_n these_o be_v not_o at_o that_o open_a defiance_n with_o their_o sense_n as_o the_o former_a they_o can_v endure_v to_o hearken_v to_o their_o intelligence_n a_o little_a more_o patient_o but_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n admit_v of_o their_o report_n in_o the_o explanation_n of_o thing_n nor_o be_v prevail_v on_o by_o probability_n which_o will_v convince_v they_o that_o thing_n be_v not_o bring_v about_o just_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o they_o have_v decree_v within_o themselves_o that_o they_o be_v will_v it_o not_o be_v a_o insufferable_a a_o thing_n for_o a_o learned_a professor_n and_o that_o which_o his_o scarlet_n will_v blush_v for_o to_o have_v his_o authority_n of_o forty_o year_n stand_v wrought_v out_o of_o hard_a rock_n greek_n and_o latin_a with_o no_o small_a expense_n of_o time_n and_o candle_n and_o confirm_v by_o general_a tradition_n and_o a_o reverend_a beard_n in_o a_o instant_n overturn_v by_o a_o upstart_n novelist_n and_o he_o make_v to_o confess_v that_o what_o he_o teach_v his_o scholar_n thirty_o year_n ago_o be_v all_o error_n and_o mistake_n and_o that_o he_o sell_v they_o hard_a word_n and_o ignorance_n at_o a_o very_a dear_a rate_n what_o probability_n i_o say_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prevail_v in_o such_o a_o case_n and_o who_o ever_o by_o the_o most_o cogent_a argument_n will_v be_v prevail_v with_o to_o disrobe_v himself_o at_o once_o of_o all_o his_o old_a opinion_n and_o pretence_n to_o knowledge_n and_o learning_n which_o with_o hard_a study_n he_o have_v all_o his_o time_n be_v labour_v for_o and_o turn_v himself_o out_o stark_o naked_a in_o quest_n afresh_o of_o new_a notion_n all_o the_o argument_n can_v be_v use_v will_v be_v as_o little_a able_a to_o prevail_v as_o the_o wind_n do_v with_o the_o traveller_n to_o part_v with_o his_o cloak_n which_o he_o hold_v only_o the_o fast_o to_o this_o of_o wrong_n hypothesis_n may_v be_v reduce_v the_o error_n that_o may_v be_v occasion_v by_o a_o true_a hypothesis_n or_o right_a principle_n but_o not_o right_o understand_v there_o be_v nothing_o more_o familiar_a than_o this_o the_o instance_n of_o man_n contend_v for_o different_a opinion_n which_o they_o all_o derive_v from_o the_o infallible_a truth_n of_o the_o scripture_n be_v a_o undeniable_a proof_n of_o it_o all_o that_o call_v themselves_o christian_n allow_v the_o text_n that_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o carry_v in_o it_o the_o obligation_n to_o a_o very_a weighty_a duty_n but_o yet_o how_o erroneous_a will_v one_o of_o their_o practice_n be_v who_o understand_v nothing_o but_o the_o french_a take_v this_o rule_n with_o one_o translation_n to_o be_v repentez_fw-fr vous_fw-fr repent_v or_o with_o the_o other_o faitez_fw-fr penitence_n do_v penance_n §_o 12._o three_o probability_n which_o cross_a man_n appetite_n and_o prevail_a passion_n run_v the_o same_o fate_n let_v never_o so_o much_o probability_n hang_v on_o one_o side_n of_o a_o covetous_a man_n reason_v and_o money_n on_o the_o other_o and_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o foresee_v which_o will_n outweigh_v earthly_a mind_n like_o mud-wall_n resist_v the_o strong_a battery_n and_o though_o perhaps_o sometime_o the_o force_n of_o a_o clear_a argument_n may_v make_v some_o impression_n yet_o they_o nevertheless_o stand_v firm_a
keep_v out_o the_o enemy_n truth_n that_o will_v captivate_v or_o disturb_v they_o tell_v a_o man_n passionate_o in_o love_n that_o he_o be_v gilt_v bring_v a_o score_n of_o witness_n of_o the_o falsehood_n of_o his_o mistress_n it_o be_v ten_o to_o one_o but_o three_o kind_a word_n of_o she_o shall_v invalidate_v all_o their_o testimony_n quod_fw-la volumus_fw-la facilè_fw-la credimus_fw-la what_o suit_v our_o wish_n be_v forward_o believe_v be_v i_o suppose_v what_o every_o one_o have_v more_o than_o once_o experiment_v and_o though_o man_n can_v always_o open_o gainsay_v or_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o manifest_a probability_n that_o make_v against_o they_o yet_o yield_v they_o not_o to_o the_o argument_n not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o understanding_n constant_o to_o close_v with_o the_o more_o probable_a side_n but_o yet_o a_o man_n have_v a_o power_n to_o suspend_v and_o restrain_v its_o inquiry_n and_o not_o permit_v a_o full_a and_o satisfactory_a examination_n as_o far_o as_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n be_v capable_a and_o will_v bear_v it_o to_o be_v make_v until_o that_o be_v do_v there_o will_v be_v always_o these_o two_o way_n leave_v of_o evade_n the_o most_o apparent_a probability_n §_o 13._o first_o that_o the_o argument_n be_v as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v bring_v in_o word_n there_o may_v be_v a_o fallacy_n latent_fw-la in_o they_o and_o the_o consequence_n be_v perhaps_o many_o in_o train_n they_o may_v be_v some_o of_o they_o incoherent_a there_o be_v very_o few_o discourse_n be_v so_o short_a clear_a and_o consistent_a to_o which_o most_o man_n may_v not_o with_o satisfaction_n enough_o to_o themselves_o raise_v this_o doubt_n and_o from_o who_o conviction_n they_o may_v not_o without_o reproach_n of_o disingenuity_n or_o unreasonableness_n set_v themselves_o free_a with_o the_o old_a reply_n non_fw-la persuadebis_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la persuaseris_fw-la though_o i_o can_v answer_v i_o will_v not_o yield_v §_o 14._o second_o manifest_a probability_n may_v be_v evade_v and_o the_o assent_n withhold_v upon_o this_o suggestion_n that_o i_o know_v not_o yet_o all_o that_o may_v be_v say_v on_o the_o contrary_a side_n and_o therefore_o though_o he_o be_v beat_v it_o be_v not_o necessary_a he_o shall_v yield_v not_o know_v what_o force_v there_o be_v in_o reserve_v behind_o this_o be_v a_o refuge_n against_o conviction_n so_o open_a and_o so_o wide_a that_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o determine_v when_o a_o man_n be_v quite_o out_o of_o the_o verge_n of_o it_o §_o 15._o but_o yet_o there_o be_v some_o end_n of_o it_o and_o a_o man_n have_v careful_o inquire_v into_o all_o the_o ground_n of_o probability_n and_o unlikeliness_n do_v his_o utmost_a to_o inform_v himself_o in_o all_o particular_n fair_o and_o cast_v up_o the_o whole_a sum_n on_o both_o side_n may_v in_o most_o case_n come_v to_o acknowledge_v upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n on_o which_o side_n the_o probability_n rest_v wherein_o some_o proof_n in_o matter_n of_o reason_n which_o be_v suppositious_a upon_o universal_a experience_n be_v so_o cogent_a and_o clear_a and_o some_o testimony_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o universal_a that_o he_o can_v refuse_v his_o assent_n so_o that_o i_o think_v we_o may_v conclude_v that_o in_o proposition_n where_o though_o the_o proof_n in_o view_n be_v of_o most_o moment_n yet_o there_o be_v sufficient_a ground_n to_o suspect_v that_o there_o be_v either_o fallacy_n in_o word_n or_o certain_a proof_n as_o considerable_a to_o be_v produce_v on_o the_o contrary_a side_n there_o assent_n suspense_n or_o dissent_n be_v often_o voluntary_a action_n but_o where_o the_o proof_n be_v such_o as_o make_v it_o high_o probable_a and_o there_o be_v not_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o suspect_v that_o there_o be_v either_o fallacy_n of_o word_n which_o sober_a and_o serious_a consideration_n may_v discover_v nor_o equal_o valid_a proof_n yet_o undiscovered_a latent_fw-la on_o the_o other_o side_n which_o also_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n may_v in_o some_o case_n make_v plain_a to_o a_o considerate_a man_n there_o i_o think_v a_o man_n who_o have_v weigh_v they_o can_v scarce_o refuse_v his_o assent_n to_o the_o side_n on_o which_o the_o great_a probability_n appear_v whether_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o a_o promiscuous_a jumble_v of_o print_v letter_n shall_v often_o fall_v into_o a_o method_n and_o order_n which_o shall_v stamp_v in_o paper_n a_o coherent_a discourse_n or_o that_o a_o blind_a fortuitous_a concourse_n of_o atom_n not_o guide_v by_o a_o understand_a agent_n shall_v frequent_o constitute_v the_o body_n of_o any_o species_n of_o animal_n in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n i_o think_v no_o body_n that_o consider_v they_o can_v be_v one_o jot_n at_o a_o stand_v which_o side_n to_o take_v nor_o at_o all_o waver_v in_o his_o assent_n last_o when_o there_o can_v be_v no_o supposition_n the_o thing_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n indifferent_a and_o whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o witness_n that_o there_o be_v as_o fair_a testimony_n against_o as_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n attest_v which_o by_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v learn_v v_o g._n whether_o there_o be_v 1700_o year_n ago_o such_o a_o man_n at_o rome_n as_o julius_n caesar_n in_o all_o such_o case_n i_o say_v i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o in_o any_o rational_a man_n power_n to_o refuse_v his_o assent_n but_o that_o it_o necessary_o follow_v and_o close_v with_o such_o probability_n in_o other_o less_o clear_a case_n i_o think_v it_o be_v in_o a_o man_n power_n to_o suspend_v his_o assent_n and_o perhaps_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o proof_n he_o have_v if_o they_o favour_v the_o opinion_n that_o suit_v with_o his_o inclination_n or_o interest_n and_o so_o stop_v from_o far_a search_n but_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v afford_v his_o assent_n to_o that_o side_n on_o which_o the_o less_o probability_n appear_v to_o he_o seem_v to_o i_o utter_o 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of_o it_o yet_o we_o can_v hinder_v both_o knowledge_n and_o assent_n by_o stop_v our_o enquiry_n and_o not_o employ_v our_o faculty_n in_o the_o search_n of_o any_o truth_n if_o it_o be_v not_o so_o ignorance_n error_n or_o infidelity_n can_v not_o in_o any_o case_n be_v a_o fault_n thus_o in_o some_o case_n we_o can_v prevent_v or_o suspend_v our_o assent_n but_o can_v a_o man_n verse_v in_o modern_a or_o ancient_a history_n doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v such_o a_o place_n as_o rome_n or_o whether_o there_o be_v such_o a_o man_n as_o julius_n caesar_n indeed_o there_o be_v million_o of_o truth_n that_o a_o man_n be_v not_o or_o may_v not_o think_v himself_o concern_v to_o know_v as_o whether_o richard_n the_o three_o be_v crook-backed_a or_o no_o or_o whether_o roger_n bacon_n be_v a_o mathematician_n or_o a_o magician_n in_o these_o and_o such_o like_a case_n where_o the_o assent_n one_o way_n or_o other_o be_v of_o no_o importance_n to_o the_o interest_n of_o any_o one_o no_o action_n no_o concernment_n of_o his_o follow_v or_o depend_v thereon_o there_o it_o be_v not_o strange_a that_o the_o mind_n shall_v give_v itself_o up_o to_o the_o common_a opinion_n or_o render_v itself_o to_o the_o first_o comer_n these_o and_o the_o like_a opinion_n be_v of_o so_o little_a weight_n and_o moment_n that_o like_a mote_n in_o the_o sun_n their_o tendency_n be_v very_o rare_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o be_v there_o as_o it_o be_v by_o chance_n and_o the_o mind_n let_v they_o float_v at_o liberty_n but_o where_o the_o mind_n judge_n the_o proposition_n have_v concernment_n in_o it_o where_o the_o assent_n or_o not_o assent_v be_v think_v to_o draw_v consequence_n after_o it_o of_o moment_n and_o good_a or_o evil_a to_o depend_v on_o choose_v or_o refuse_v the_o right_a side_n and_o the_o mind_n set_v itself_o serious_o to_o inquire_v and_o examine_v the_o