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A19065 Christian offices crystall glasse In three bookes. First written in Latine, by that famous and renowned Father, Saint Ambrose Bishop of Millane. Whereunto is added his conuiction of Symmachus the Gentile. A worke tending to the advancement of vertue, and of holinesse: and to shew how much the morality of the Gentiles, is exceeded by the doctrine of Christianity. Translated into English by Richard Humfrey ...; De officiis. English Ambrose, Saint, Bishop of Milan, d. 397.; Humfrey, Richard. 1637 (1637) STC 548; ESTC S100171 335,831 469

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〈◊〉 strangers Which also wee may truly say was taken from our profession for the Hebrewes did call their adversaries h 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Act 2.10 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eph. 2.12 1. In the Hebrew beside ajab the ordinary roote for an enemy there is tsar which is not much dissonant to gar peregrinari from whence ger a stranger 2. The Lords speciall care for strangers Deut. 10.18 14.29 Exod. 23.9 now within the gates of Israel though enemies before may be the reason hereof 3. The love that God injoyned to enemies Math. 5.44 allophyli that is in a Latine word alienigenae of another Tribe or nation In the first booke of the Kings wee reade And it came to passe in those dayes that the people of other i 1 Sam. 28.1 the translation used in our Fathers time so read but our vulgar Philistims of Phalas Hebr. raising dust and wrapping themselves in it because of their multitude in battell and spreading over the land as the only nation nations came to battell against Jsrael Fidelity therefore is the foundation of justice For the hearts of the just meditate k Psal 37.31 31.23 fidelity And when the just doth accuse himselfe hee placeth justice above fidelity For then his justice appeareth if hee confesseth the truth Besides also the Lord witnesseth by l Es 28.16 Esay Behold I will lay in Sion a stone a tried stone a pretious corner stone a sure foundation that is Christ for a foundation to the Church For Christ is the foundation of the faith of all men But the Church is a certaine forme of Justice the common right of all men Shee prayeth in common shee worketh in common shee is tried in common To conclude hee which denieth himselfe hee is just hee is worthy of Christ And therefore Paul laid downe Christ as the m 1 Cor. 3.12 foundation that we might place our workes of Justice upon him because Faith is the foundation But in workes being of two sorts if they bee evill there is iniquity in them they are out of Christ and spring from another roote if they be good there is justice seated in them and they are rooted in Christ Tullius lib. 1. quemadmodum ex beneficentia quae justitiae conjuncta est officia manant CHAP. XXIX Of Beneficence BVT let us now speake of Beneficence which it selfe also is divided into benevolence and liberality Of these two therefore doth beneficence consist that it may be perfect For it is not sufficient bee willing to'doe well but also it is required that it bee put in execution Neither againe is it enough to doe well in outward performance unlesse that doe proceed out of a good fountaine that is out of a good will For God loveth a a 2 Cor. 9.7 cheerefull giver For if thou dost it unwillingly what rewards is there Whence the Apostle speaking generally If I doe b 1 Cor. 9.17 it willingly I shall have my reward if against my will the dispensation is committed to mee In the Gospell likewise wee have many instructions for just liberality It is a most commendable thing therefore to bee willing to doe well and to give with that mind to profit not to hurt For if thou thinke thou oughtest to extend thy contribution to a luxurious person for the maintenance of his riotousnesse or to an adulterer to nourish him in his sinne there can bee no beneficence there where there is no benevolence For that is not to profit but to hurt another if thou give to him that conspireth against his countrie that desireth upon thy cost to gather together the wicked which may impugne the Church This is not liberality to bee allowed of if thou helpe him which decrees with heavy rebukes against the widow and the fatherlesse or doth attempt to deprive them forcibly of their possessions That bounty is not to bee approved if what is given to one is wrested from another if thou get it unjustly and thinke it ought justly to bee dispensed unlesse perhaps as z Luke 19. Zacheus did thou restore to him fourefold whom thou hast defrauded and thou recompence the faults of the dayes of thy Paganisme with the study of true religion and worke of a beleever Let thy liberality therefore have a good foundation This is first required that thou contribute to the cause of the Gospell in faith that thou use no imposture in thy oblations that thou say not thou bestowest more d With Ananias and Sapphira Acts 5. when thou bestowest lesse For what should need such reproofe there is fraud in thy promise it is in thy power to give what thou wilt Deceipt loseth the foundation and the world falleth and commeth to nought Did Peter so burne with indignation that hee was desirous to destroy e Acts 5. Ananias or his wife But he would others to beware by their example lest they running into like offence might perish with them Neither is it perfect liberality if thou contribute rather for f Prov. 25.14 vaine-glory then for mercy sake Thy affection imposeth a name upon thy worke looke with what mind it proceedeth from thee so is it estimated Thou seest what a morall judge thou hast Hee consulteth with thee in what sense hee shall take thy worke and hee first inquireth how it standeth with thy mind Let not thy g Math. 6.3 left hand know saith he what thy right hand doth Hee speaketh not of the body but let not thine unanimous friend nor thy brother know what thou dost lest while here thou seekest to get a reward by boasting thou there losest the fruit of remuneration But there is perfect liberality where one doth cover his workes with silence and doth secretly come as an ayde to every severall person and whom the mouth of the poore praiseth and not his owne lips Moreover perfect liberality is commended by the faith of them in whom it is the cause place and time where and when it is executed insomuch that the first and principall good worke is that which is done toward them that are of the h Gal. 6.10 houshold of faith It is an exceeding great fault if in thy knowledge thou suffer the faithfull man to want and such a one whom thou knowest to bee without money in his purse to be pinched with famine and to indure much sorrow especially when he is ashamed to make knowne his poverty if he shall speedily fall into captivity or that in thy knowledge into reproch and thou helpe him not if he being just suffer imprisonment or bee under vexation for some debt for although mercy is due to all yet much to the just if in the time of his affliction he obtaineth nothing of thee if lastly in the time of his extreame perill even then when he is haled to death thy money prevailes more with thee then the life of him about to die it is an exceeding great fault I say and justly
have beene young and am old yet never saw I the righteous forsaken nor his seed begging their bread For that is true tranquillity Tranquillity what and temperance of mind which is neither affected with the desire of seeking nor perplexed with the feare of wanting CHAP. XXXVI Evils of adversity to bee indured with a contented mind and sometimes also to be declined THere is also that which is called vacuity and freedome of mind from vexations which is when we be neither crushed with griefe nor puffed up with prosperity If so be that they which doe exhort some to take upon them the government of the Common-weale doe give these precepts how much more ought we which are called to the government of the Church to doe such things as may please God that the power of Christ may shine in us in a vertuous course and that so wee may bee approved souldiers to our Emperour our a Rom. 6.13 members being the weapons of righteousnesse not fleshly weapons in which sinne reigneth but the strong armour of God to the destroying of sinne Let our flesh dye that all sinne may die in it that of dead being made living there may bee a resurrection begun in us and a new birth of workes and manners These are the wages of fortitude in her fulnesse and as she is accompanied with honesty and comelinesse But because in all that we undertake wee search out not only what is honest but what is possible for otherwise peradventure wee might enterprise somewhat which we are not able to execute the Lord granteth leave in time of persecution to goe from city to city which that I may use his owne word is to flee this lest some might over-rashly stirred up with the glorious desire of martyrdome offer themselves to danger and yet through the weaknesse of the flesh and inconstancy of their mind want the strength of faith and spirituall fortitude to support he permitteth them CHAP. XXXVIII That providence is a great piller of fortitude NEither is this remisnesse to creepe in here in this sacred cause but feare of danger is a thing that must bee cast out of a Christian heart what a basenesse is it to forsake the faith for feare of a little businesse of molestation For this cause the mind is to be prepared the heart to be exercised and established before hand that it may hold out constantly in this glorious profession For then will no terrors affright no molestations breake our hearts no punishments make vs yeeld Very hardly indeed are these sustained but for that all punishments the heaviest and hardest in this our momentary race are overcome with the feare of greater hereafter therefore if thou strengthenest thy selfe with wholesome counsell hearkenest to sound and well grounded reason settest before thine eyes the dread of the great judgement to come with the torments of the doome which never shall haue end thou shalt hee able to beare with patience whatsoever shall be laid vpon thee This therefore is the part of diligence a To set before thy eyes the dread of the judgement to come if any one so arme himselfe that b To strengthen thy selfe with wholesome counsell and hearken to sound reason the part of wit if any one by the vigour of his vnderstanding be able to foresee what shall fall out heareafter place before his sight what may happen and to bee able to define what he ought to doe if it shall so happen to be able sometime to revolue and cast vp in his mind two or three things together which he coniectures may possibly either severally or joyntly fall out and to dispose of them after the nature and quality of each action for his best profit and advantage Wherefore it is the part of a strong man not to dissemble when any thing hangeth over his head but to foresee and espie out of the watch-towre of his mind and to meet within his provident cogitations to come lest he say afterward Therefore am I fallen into these extremities because I did not imagine that such things as these could come to passe Moreover vnlesse the condition of adversitie be narrowly looked into it soone seizeth vpon vs. As in warre a suddaine enemy can hardly be sustained and resisted and if he find vs vnprepared he easily oppresseth vs so evill wherof we haue had no triall nor experience invading vs will more wast and breake vs then such as we haue beene inured vnto wherefore in these two things the excellency of the mind doth appeare The one that thy mind exercised with good thoughts may with a cleane heart see what is good and honest For blessed are the cleane and c Mat. 5.8 pure in heart because they shall see God and through the light and sight of him and his truth shall iudge that only good which is honest The other that it be forestalled with no turmoiling worldly busines and againe that no fleshly lusts disquiet it which for any man to performe is is no easie taske For what is so difficult as out of the high tower of wisedome to despise riches and all other things which seeme to the most part great and of high esteeme Confirme thou thy iudgement by stable and strong reason and what thou shalt judge light and without weight contemne as vnprofitable and good for nothing If any adversity shall befall thee and that such as shall be thought grievous and bitter so regard thou it and no otherwise then as a matter incident to nature and belonging to man especially seing thou hast read Naked came I out of my mothers wombe and naked shall I returne thither the Lord d Job 1.22 giveth and the Lord taketh away yet not withstanding he lost all his children and his substance And thou mayest learne of him in all extremities to carry the person of a wise and just man which is evident in that which followeth As e Vulgar translation it pleaseth the Lord so commeth it to passe blessed be the Name of the Lord and afterward when that foolish wife of his spake and bid him blesse God whatsoever befell him by way of derision hee replied g Which is as much as if had said we are before hand with God in the long fruition of manifold blessings proceeding from his meere mercy without our desert he was behind with vs in rendring what we justly merited let vs therefore beare the wrath of the Lord for we haue sinned against him Micah 1.9 Have we received good at the hands of God f Job 2.10 and shall we not receive evill CHAP. XXXVIII Fortitude ought to be at warre with all vices principally with avarice WHerefore fortitude of the minde is no meane vertue separated from the rest as waging warre with the other vertues but that which only defendeth the lustre and beauty of them all keepeth iudgement and decreeth against all vices with an inexpiable hatred and contention Invincible is it in labours