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be_v most_o ready_o find_v chief_a town_n 2_o thing_n viz._n the_o modern_a name_n
some_o paradoxical_a position_n in_o matter_n of_o geography_n or_o a_o few_o infallible_a truth_n in_o masquerade_n which_o main_o depend_v upon_o a_o thorough_a knowledge_n of_o the_o globe_n and_o be_v equal_o certain_a with_o the_o aforesaid_a theorem_n though_o many_o of_o they_o may_v possible_o appear_v to_o some_o as_o the_o great_a of_o fable_n last_o we_o shall_v take_v a_o transient_a survey_n of_o the_o whole_a surface_n of_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n as_o it_o consist_v of_o land_n and_o water_n as_o its_o sole_a constituent_a part_n of_o these_o five_o general_a head_n separately_z and_o in_o their_o order_n therefore_o sect_n i._o contain_v some_o necessary_a geographical_a definition_n def._n 1._o geography_n a_o science_n both_o pleasant_a and_o profitable_a do_v main_o consist_v in_o give_v a_o true_a description_n of_o the_o exterior_a part_n or_o surface_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n as_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o land_n and_o water_n especial_o the_o former_a that_o geography_n do_v merit_v the_o title_n of_o science_n in_o several_a respect_n and_o that_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o be_v attend_v both_o with_o pleasure_n and_o profit_n be_v so_o universal_o grant_v by_o all_o who_o make_v any_o considerable_a progress_n therein_o that_o to_o enter_v upon_o a_o probation_n of_o it_o will_v be_v every_o whit_n as_o superfluous_a as_o if_o one_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o evince_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v at_o noonday_n it_o derive_v its_o compound_n name_n from_o the_o two_o greek_a primitive_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d terra_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d scribo_fw-la vel_fw-la describo_fw-la and_o differ_v from_o cosmography_n quasi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d well_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n mundi_fw-la descriptio_fw-la as_o a_o part_n do_v from_o the_o whole_a as_o also_o from_o chorography_n and_o topography_n quasi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n regionis_fw-la ac_fw-la loci_fw-la descriptio_fw-la as_o the_o whole_a from_o its_o part_n by_o a_o true_a description_n of_o the_o exterior_a part_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o understand_v pure_o a_o account_n of_o the_o situation_n extent_n division_n and_o subdivision_n of_o all_o remarkable_a country_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o say_a globe_n together_o with_o the_o name_n of_o their_o city_n and_o chief_a town_n and_o that_o according_o as_o those_o country_n be_v already_o project_v to_o our_o hand_n upon_o particular_a geographical_a map_n and_o not_o a_o actual_a survey_n or_o mensuration_n of_o they_o which_o the_o science_n of_o geography_n presuppose_v and_o which_o proper_o belong_v to_o geodaesia_n or_o the_o art_n of_o survey_v land_n in_o give_v such_o a_o description_n of_o country_n as_o aforesaid_a do_v the_o science_n of_o geography_n proper_o consist_v as_o for_o other_o narrative_n relate_v either_o to_o country_n themselves_o or_o their_o inhabitant_n and_o which_o common_o swell_v up_o geographical_a tract_n we_o reckon_v they_o though_o the_o more_o pleasant_a part_n of_o this_o study_n rather_o the_o fringe_n of_o geography_n than_o its_o real_a or_o essential_a part_n in_o the_o forego_n definition_n we_o entire_o restrict_n the_o science_n of_o geography_n to_o the_o exterior_a part_n or_o surface_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n and_o that_o as_o it_o be_v compose_v of_o land_n and_o water_n as_o its_o sole_a constituent_a part_n design_v thereby_o to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o natural_a philosophy_n which_o in_o its_o curious_a and_o pleasant_a inquiry_n reach_v not_o only_o the_o say_a surface_n in_o all_o its_o constituent_a part_n but_o also_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n surround_v the_o same_o yea_o and_o even_o the_o outmost_a imaginable_a expanse_n of_o the_o firmament_n it_o self_n we_o again_o restrict_n that_o science_n main_o to_o one_o part_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a surface_n viz._n the_o dry_a land_n thereby_o to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o hydrography_n which_o particular_o treat_v of_o the_o other_o namely_o water_n the_o object_n therefore_o of_o geography_n in_o a_o large_a sense_n be_v the_o whole_a surface_n of_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o earth_n consist_v of_o land_n and_o water_n as_o its_o sole_a constituent_a part_n or_o in_o a_o strict_a and_o more_o proper_a sense_n only_a one_o of_o those_o part_n to_o wit_n the_o firm_a land_n for_o the_o more_o distinct_o view_v of_o which_o part_n and_o the_o better_a comprehend_v of_o the_o science_n of_o modern_a geography_n in_o the_o true_a fundamental_o thereof_o we_o shall_v begin_v with_o that_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o earthly_a ball_n common_o call_v the_o terraqueous_a globe_n def._n 2._o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n be_v a_o artificial_a spherical_a body_n on_o who_o convex_a part_n be_v true_o represent_v the_o whole_a surface_n of_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o consist_v of_o land_n and_o water_n that_o this_o globe_n be_v term_v terraqueous_a from_o terra_n and_o aqua_fw-la the_o two_o constituent_a part_n of_o its_o surface_n or_o terrestrial_a to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o celestial_a or_o final_o the_o artificial_a globe_n as_o a_o difference_v mark_n from_o the_o natural_a or_o real_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v all_o so_o notorious_o know_v that_o the_o least_o illustration_n be_v whole_o superfluous_a we_o reckon_v it_o also_o superfluous_a to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v a_o true_a resemblance_n in_o figure_n between_o the_o artificial_a and_o natural_a globe_n or_o that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v true_o spherical_a this_o be_v now_o beyond_o all_o dispute_n and_o never_o at_o least_o very_o rare_o call_v in_o question_n except_o it_o be_v only_o by_o woman_n and_o child_n but_o here_o note_v that_o in_o the_o follow_a treatise_n we_o entire_o restrict_n ourselves_o to_o this_o globe_n so_o that_o wheresoever_o the_o name_n of_o globe_n be_v indefinite_o mention_v we_o be_v never_o to_o understand_v the_o celestial_a note_v also_o that_o wheresoever_o we_o be_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o natural_a globe_n that_o the_o point_n in_o the_o heaven_n exact_o vertical_a to_o we_o be_v term_v our_o zenith_n and_o that_o point_v diametrical_o opposite_a thereto_o be_v style_v our_o nadir_n which_o be_v two_o corrupt_a arabian_a term_n in_o astronomy_n import_v what_o be_v here_o assert_v of_o they_o the_o first_o observable_n that_o present_v themselves_o to_o our_o view_n in_o treat_v of_o the_o globe_n be_v its_o axis_n and_o poles_n def._n 3._o the_o axis_n be_v a_o imaginary_a line_n pass_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o real_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n upon_o which_o the_o whole_a frame_n thereof_o be_v suppose_v to_o turn_v round_o it_o be_v term_v axis_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d quod_fw-la circa_fw-la illam_fw-la agatur_fw-la terra_fw-la as_o this_o axis_n in_o the_o natural_a globe_n be_v a_o imaginary_a line_n so_o in_o artificial_a globe_n its_o a_o real_a one_o it_o be_v a_o straight_a piece_n of_o iron_n or_o solid_a wood_n pass_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o globe_n as_o the_o axletree_n of_o a_o wheel_n def._n 4._o the_o pole_n be_v the_o two_o extremity_n of_o the_o axis_n one_o whereof_o be_v term_v the_o north_n or_o arctic_a and_o the_o other_o the_o south_n or_o antarctick_a they_o be_v call_v pole_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d verto_fw-la because_o upon_o they_o the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o globe_n turn_v round_o the_o north_n be_v term_v arctic_a from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v a_o bear_n because_o the_o real_a north_n pole_n in_o the_o heaven_n be_v common_o take_v for_o a_o certain_a note_a star_n in_o that_o constellation_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o little_a bear_n and_o the_o south_n be_v style_v antarctick_a from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d contra_fw-la and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ursa_fw-la because_o of_o its_o diametrical_a opposition_n to_o the_o other_o the_o terraqueous_a globe_n be_v a_o spherical_a body_n as_o aforesaid_a turn_v round_o upon_o its_o own_o axis_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o that_o globe_n in_o all_o its_o exterior_a part_n and_o the_o various_a operation_n perform_v by_o the_o same_o we_o be_v to_o conceive_v it_o not_o only_o as_o a_o bare_a spherical_a body_n but_o also_o as_o such_o a_o body_n surround_v with_o many_o imaginary_a circle_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v eight_o divide_v into_o five_o parallel_n viz._n the_o equator_fw-la the_o two_o tropic_n the_o two_o polar_a circle_n three_o not_o parallel_v viz._n the_o horizon_n the_o meridian_n the_o zodiac_n otherwise_o divide_v into_o four_o great_a viz._n the_o horizon_n the_o meridian_n the_o equator_fw-la the_o zodiac_n four_o lesser_n viz._n the_o two_o tropic_n the_o two_o polar_a circle_n def._n 5._o the_o horizon_n be_v that_o great_a circle_n which_o
situate_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n the_o meridian_n shadow_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v itself_o towards_o the_o north_n for_o one_o half_a of_o the_o year_n and_o towards_o the_o south_n during_o the_o other_o theor._n 29._o in_o all_o place_n lie_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n there_o be_v no_o meridian_n shadow_n on_o those_o two_o day_n of_o the_o year_n that_o the_o sun_n do_v enter_v the_o sign_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n theor._n 30._o the_o near_a that_o place_n be_v unto_o or_o the_o far_o remove_v from_o the_o equator_fw-la the_o short_a or_o long_o according_o be_v the_o meridian_n shadow_n of_o a_o style_n perpendicular_o erect_v in_o such_o place_n theor._n 31._o the_o far_a that_o place_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o equator_fw-la yet_o not_o surpass_v 66_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o great_a be_v the_o sun_n be_v amplitude_n or_o that_o arch_n of_o the_o horizon_n between_o the_o point_n of_o due_a east_n and_o west_n and_o those_o in_o which_o the_o sun_n rise_v and_o set_v on_o the_o day_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n solstice_n theor._n 32._o in_o all_o place_n lie_v under_o the_o same_o semi_a circle_n of_o the_o meridian_n the_o hour_n both_o of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v always_o the_o same_o in_o one_o as_o in_o the_o other_o theor._n 33._o in_o all_o place_n both_o of_o the_o north_n and_o southern_a hemisphere_n that_o lie_v under_o opposite_a parallel_n of_o latitude_n the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n be_v always_o the_o same_o in_o one_o as_o in_o the_o other_o theor._n 34._o in_o all_o place_n situate_v in_o a_o parallel_n sphere_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v diurnal_a motion_n run_v always_o parallel_v or_o very_o near_o it_o to_o the_o respective_a horizon_n of_o such_o place_n theor._n 35._o in_o all_o place_n situate_v in_o a_o right_a sphere_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v diurnal_a motion_n be_v still_o perpendicular_a or_o very_o near_o it_o to_o the_o respective_a horizon_n of_o such_o place_n theor._n 36._o in_o all_o place_n situate_v in_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n the_o circle_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v diurnal_a motion_n be_v always_o oblique_a unto_o or_o cut_v the_o horizon_n of_o such_o place_n at_o unequal_a angle_n theor._n 37._o if_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n in_o two_o place_n be_v exact_o 15_o degree_n the_o people_n reside_v in_o the_o eastmost_a of_o they_o will_v reckon_v the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n soon_o by_o one_o hour_n than_o those_o in_o the_o other_o if_o the_o difference_n be_v 30_o degree_n then_o they_o will_v reckon_v their_o hour_n soon_o by_o 2._o if_o 45_o degree_n by_o 3._o and_o if_o 60_o then_o by_o 4_o etc._n etc._n theor._n 38._o if_o people_n reside_v in_o two_o distinct_a place_n do_v differ_v exact_o one_o hour_n in_o reckon_v their_o time_n it_o be_v only_a noon_n to_o one_o when_o one_o afternoon_n to_o the_o other_o the_o true_a distance_n between_o the_o respective_a meridian_n of_o those_o place_n be_v exact_o 15_o degree_n upon_o the_o equator_fw-la if_o they_o differ_v 2_o hour_n the_o distance_n be_v 30_o degree_n if_o 3_o it_o be_v 45._o and_o if_o 4_o it_o be_v complete_o 60_o etc._n etc._n theor._n 39_o if_o a_o ship_n set_v out_o from_o any_o port_n and_o steer_v eastward_o do_v entire_o surround_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o people_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n in_o reckon_v their_o time_n will_v gain_v one_o day_n complete_o at_o their_o return_n or_o count_v one_o more_o than_o those_o reside_v at_o the_o say_v port._n if_o westward_o then_o they_o will_v lose_v one_o or_o reckon_v one_o less_o theor._n 40._o if_o two_o ship_n set_v out_o from_o the_o same_o port_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o both_o surround_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o steer_v east_n and_o the_o other_o westward_o they_o will_v differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o reckon_v their_o time_n two_o day_n complete_o at_o their_o return_n even_o suppose_v they_o happen_v to_o arrive_v on_o the_o same_o day_n if_o they_o surround_v the_o earth_n twice_o steer_v as_o aforesaid_a they_o will_v differ_v 4_o day_n if_o thrice_o then_o 6_o etc._n etc._n theor._n 41._o if_o several_a ship_n set_v out_o from_o the_o same_o port_n either_o at_o the_o same_o or_o different_a time_n and_o do_v all_o surround_v the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n some_o steer_v due_a south_n and_o other_o due_a north_n and_o arrive_v again_o at_o the_o same_o port_n the_o respective_a people_n of_o those_o different_a ship_n at_o their_o return_n will_v not_o differ_v from_o one_o another_o in_o reckon_v their_o time_n nor_o from_o those_o who_o reside_v at_o the_o say_v port._n these_o be_v the_o chief_a geographical_a theorem_n or_o self-evident_a truth_n clear_o deduclble_a from_o the_o forego_n problem_n and_o to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v a_o great_a many_o more_o but_o leave_v such_o truth_n we_o pass_v to_o some_o other_o in_o pursuance_n of_o our_o propose_a method_n and_o such_o as_o be_v equal_o certain_a with_o the_o aforesaid_a theorem_n though_o not_o so_o apparent_a yet_o probable_o more_o divert_v therefore_o follow_v sect_n iv._o contain_v some_o amaze_a geographical_a paradox_n par._n 1._o there_o be_v two_o remarkable_a place_n on_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o there_o be_v only_o one_o day_n and_o one_o night_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n par._n 2._o there_o be_v also_o some_o place_n on_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o it_o be_v neither_o day_n nor_o night_n at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o four_o hour_n par._n 3._o there_o be_v a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o which_o if_o two_o man_n shall_v chance_v to_o meet_v one_o will_v stand_v upright_o upon_o the_o sole_n of_o the_o other_o foot_n and_o neither_o of_o they_o shall_v feel_v the_o other_o weight_n and_o yet_o both_o shall_v retain_v their_o natural_a posture_n par._n 4._o there_o be_v also_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o a_o fire_n be_v make_v neither_o flame_n nor_o smoke_n will_v ascend_v but_o move_v circular_o about_o the_o fire_n moreover_o if_o in_o that_o place_n one_o shall_v fix_v a_o smooth_a or_o plain_a table_n without_o any_o ledge_n whatsoever_o and_o pour_v thereon_o a_o large_a quantity_n of_o water_n not_o one_o drop_v thereof_o can_v run_v over_o the_o say_a table_n but_o will_v raise_v itself_o up_o in_o a_o large_a heap_n par._n 5._o there_o be_v a_o certain_a place_n on_o the_o globe_n of_o a_o considerable_a southern_a latitude_n that_o have_v both_o the_o great_a and_o least_o degree_n of_o longitude_n par._n 6._o there_o be_v three_o remarkable_a place_n on_o the_o globe_n that_o differ_v both_o in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n and_o yet_o all_o lie_n under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o meridian_n par._n 7._o there_o be_v three_o remarkable_a place_n on_o the_o continent_n of_o europe_n that_o lie_v under_o three_o different_a meridian_n and_o yet_o all_o agree_v both_o in_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n par._n 8._o there_o be_v a_o certain_a island_n in_o the_o aegaean_a sea_n upon_o which_o if_o two_o child_n be_v bring_v forth_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n of_o time_n and_o live_v together_o for_o many_o year_n shall_v both_o expire_v on_o the_o same_o day_n yea_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n and_o minute_n of_o that_o day_n yet_o the_o life_n of_o one_o will_v surpass_v the_o life_n of_o the_o other_o by_o divers_a month_n par._n 9_o there_o be_v two_o observable_a place_n belong_v to_o asia_n that_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o meridian_n and_o of_o a_o small_a distance_n from_o one_o another_o and_o yet_o the_o respective_a inhabitant_n of_o they_o in_o reckon_v their_o time_n do_v differ_v a_o entire_a natural_a day_n every_o week_n par._n 10._o there_o be_v a_o particular_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o the_o wind_n though_o frequent_o veer_v round_o the_o compass_n do_v always_o blow_v from_o the_o north_n point_n par._n 11._o there_o be_v a_o certain_a hill_n in_o the_o south_n of_o bohemia_n on_o who_o top_n if_o a_o equinoctial_a sundial_n be_v due_o erect_v a_o man_n that_o be_v stone-blind_a may_v know_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n by_o the_o same_o if_o the_o sun_n shine_v par._n 12._o there_o be_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o place_n lie_v within_o the_o torrid_a zone_n in_o any_o of_o which_o if_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o sundial_n be_v due_o erect_v the_o shadow_n will_v go_v back_o several_a degree_n upon_o the_o same_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n and_o that_o twice_o every_o day_n for_o the_o space_n of_o divers_a week_n yet_o no_o way_n derogate_a from_o that_o miraculous_a return_v of_o the_o shadow_n upon_o the_o dial_n of_o ahaz_n in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n hezekiah_n par._n