serve_v however_o to_o let_v we_o know_v in_o gross_a that_o the_o solemnity_n be_v not_o then_o hold_v a_o inconsiderable_a matter_n but_o all_o along_o much_o debate_v and_o study_v and_o determine_v with_o great_a exactness_n upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n therefore_o we_o have_v see_v that_o as_o we_o have_v some_o reason_n to_o presume_v the_o apostolical_a observation_n of_o a_o yearly_o from_o the_o weekly_a day_n of_o the_o resurrection_n so_o this_o presumptive_a probability_n be_v beside_o actual_o confirm_v to_o we_o by_o sufficient_a authority_n and_o from_o these_o premise_n i_o hope_v i_o may_v have_v leave_n to_o conclude_v if_o not_o that_o this_o paschal_n observation_n be_v deliver_v by_o the_o apostle_n to_o all_o the_o church_n with_o the_o weekly_a lord_n day_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v a_o tradition_n receive_v by_o many_o church_n in_o the_o apostolic_a day_n and_o this_o i_o presume_v to_o take_v for_o a_o truth_n in_o so_o high_a a_o degree_n of_o evidence_n that_o it_o will_v not_o be_v question_v by_o such_o as_o shall_v consider_v impartial_o c_o plin._n ep._n l._n 10._o ep._n 97._o soliti_fw-la stato_fw-la die_fw-la ante_fw-la lucem_fw-la convenire_fw-la d_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d g_o euseb_n hist_o eccles_n l._n 5._o c._n 23._o in_o that_o time_n a_o great_a controversy_n be_v raise_v the_o bishop_n of_o asia_n strict_o so_o call_v judge_v by_o their_o ancient_a tradition_n that_o the_o paschal_n solemnity_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v on_o the_o 14_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n then_o when_o the_o jew_n sacrifice_v the_o lamb_n and_o that_o their_o fast_v aught_o to_o break_v off_o on_o that_o day_n whatever_o day_n of_o the_o week_n it_o happen_v to_o be_v and_o the_o other_o bishop_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n observe_v from_o apostolical_a tradition_n a_o different_a custom_n and_o which_o now_o obtain_v that_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o break_v up_o the_o fast_a on_o any_o other_o day_n but_o the_o day_n of_o the_o resurrection_n upon_o this_o there_o be_v several_a synod_n and_o consultation_n hold_v by_o the_o last_o and_o they_o all_o unanimous_o by_o their_o letter_n declare_v this_o to_o the_o world_n for_o a_o ecclesiastical_a rule_n that_o the_o solemnity_n of_o our_o saviour_n resurrection_n from_o the_o dead_a be_v to_o be_v keep_v on_o no_o other_o day_n but_o a_o sunday_n and_o that_o on_o that_o day_n only_o the_o paschal_n fast_v be_v to_o cease_v there_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v the_o write_n of_o those_o of_o palestine_n over_o who_o theophilus_n bishop_n of_o caesarea_n preside_v and_o narcissus_n bishop_n of_o jerusalem_n there_o be_v another_o too_o from_o those_o of_o rome_n concern_v the_o same_o question_n speak_v victor_n to_o be_v bishop_n another_o of_o the_o diocese_n of_o france_n where_o irenaeus_n be_v bishop_n another_o of_o those_o of_o osroene_n and_o the_o city_n thereabouts_o one_o particular_o from_o bacchyllus_fw-la bishop_n of_o corinth_n and_o several_a other_o all_o concur_v in_o the_o same_o opinion_n and_o give_v the_o same_o determination_n ay_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v here_o common_o translate_v kinsman_n but_o i_o have_v venture_v to_o guess_v it_o may_v signify_v a_o countryman_n one_o of_o the_o same_o city_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o a_o bishop_n of_o the_o same_o see_v make_v the_o succession_n to_o have_v be_v in_o a_o family_n and_o the_o kindred_n spiritual_n this_o be_v certain_a the_o number_n of_o seven_o predecessor_n agree_v well_o with_o the_o distance_n between_o he_o and_o st._n john_n n_z 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o this_o epistle_n of_o irenaeus_n it_o seem_v very_o evident_a that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v to_o be_v understand_v not_o absolute_o but_o in_o construction_n with_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o well_o in_o this_o place_n as_o other_o according_a to_o the_o common_a render_n notwithstanding_o a_o contrary_a suspicion_n elsewhere_o suggest_v and_o to_o which_o a_o defect_n in_o this_o place_n of_o some_o particle_n to_o be_v understand_v give_v the_o occasion_n that_o defect_n valesius_fw-la supply_v by_o read_v from_o conjecture_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o have_v rather_o suppose_v then_o or_o something_o of_o that_o sense_n to_o be_v understand_v chap_n ii_o concern_v fast_v §_o i._o the_o several_a kind_n of_o fast_n §_o ii_o several_a occasion_n of_o fast_v particular_o penitence_n and_o baptism_n §_o i._o so_o far_o we_o have_v view_v the_o evidence_n for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o paschal_n solemnity_n in_o general_n with_o a_o more_o particular_a respect_n to_o the_o festival_n of_o the_o resurrection_n we_o now_o come_v express_o to_o consider_v the_o precede_a fast_a and_o its_o various_a observation_n but_o first_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o what_o be_v to_o follow_v it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o premise_v some_o account_n of_o fast_n and_o their_o variety_n and_o what_o be_v the_o more_o solemn_a time_n for_o that_o duty_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o fast_v which_o tertullian_n reckon_v up_o to_o we_o 2._o we_o de_fw-fr je._n jun._n c._n 2._o consist_v either_o in_o the_o lessen_v or_o defer_v or_o refuse_v of_o our_o food_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v abstinence_n not_o from_o all_o food_n but_o from_o some_o kind_n of_o it_o a_o fast_a in_o part_n as_o tertullian_n call_v it_o jejunium_fw-la it_o tert._n the_o jejun_n c._n 9_o portional_a jejunium_fw-la abstinence_n from_o flesh_n especial_o and_o wine_n or_o not_o only_o from_o flesh_n and_o wine_n but_o from_o any_o thing_n of_o broth_n or_o any_o juicy_a vinous_a fruit._n such_o a_o dry_a diet_n as_o tertullian_n speak_v of_o appropriate_v by_o he_o to_o his_o fellow-sectary_n the_o montanist_n 1._o montanist_n de_fw-fr jejun_fw-fr c._n 1._o but_o use_v by_o christian_n before_o and_o by_o daniel_n 3._o daniel_n dan._n 10.2_o 3._o when_o he_o mourn_v three_o full_a week_n and_o eat_v no_o pleasant_a bread_n neither_o come_v flesh_n nor_o wine_n in_o his_o mouth_n neither_o do_v he_o anoint_v himself_o at_o all_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v when_o they_o do_v not_o dine_v but_o defer_v their_o eat_v to_o some_o time_n of_o the_o afternoon_n till_o after_o three_o as_o the_o catholic_n do_v in_o tertullian_n age_n who_o on_o certain_a day_n continue_v their_o assembly_n to_o that_o hour_n jej._n hour_n de_fw-fr jej._n and_o both_o that_o their_o assemble_v and_o that_o fast_v be_v call_v a_o station_n from_o the_o military_a word_n say_v tertullian_n 14._o tertullian_n de_fw-fr orat_fw-la c._n 14._o but_o immediate_o from_o the_o jewish_a phrase_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o devout_a man_n who_o either_o out_o of_o their_o own_o devotion_n or_o as_o representative_n of_o the_o people_n assist_v at_o the_o oblation_n of_o the_o temple_n not_o depart_v thence_o till_o the_o service_n be_v over_o g_o such_o station_n be_v term_v half-fast_n semijejunia_fw-la half-fast_n de_fw-fr jejun_fw-fr 13._o stat._n semijejunia_fw-la by_o tertullian_n and_o be_v hold_v late_a by_o the_o appointment_n of_o montanus_n but_o before_o their_o time_n we_o know_v from_o hermes_n a_o author_n very_o ancient_a and_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o second_o century_n that_o the_o station_n of_o the_o first_o christian_n be_v sometime_o keep_v as_o severe_o and_o that_o when_o they_o come_v at_o last_o to_o eat_v nothing_o be_v to_o be_v taste_v but_o bread_n and_o water_n that_o day_n ay_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o fast_a as_o this_o end_v in_o a_o moderate_a refreshment_n towards_o night_n be_v general_o to_o be_v understand_v when_o any_o great_a number_n of_o day_n be_v say_v to_o be_v fast_v together_o this_o fast_a be_v too_o suppose_a to_o have_v begin_v from_o the_o evening_n before_o when_o the_o star_n appear_v for_o then_o the_o day_n begin_v with_o the_o jew_n as_o well_o as_o with_o the_o athenian_n k_n but_o under_o this_o kind_n which_o allow_v some_o time_n for_o food_n in_o the_o 24_o hour_n the_o periodical_a day_n we_o may_v too_o reckon_v that_o manner_n of_o fast_v which_o forbid_v to_o eat_v or_o to_o drink_v while_o the_o sun_n be_v up_o the_o vulgar_a day_n but_o either_o give_v liberty_n all_o the_o night_n the_o fast_a of_o the_o mahometan_n during_o their_o month_n ramazan_n 22._o ramazan_n ricauâ—â—_n l._n 2._o c._n 22._o or_o else_o give_v leave_v to_o refresh_v themselves_o provide_v it_o be_v do_v before_o their_o first_o sleep_n as_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o jew_n in_o all_o their_o ordinary_a fast_n 8._o fast_n maim_v de_fw-fr jejun_fw-fr c._n 1._o §._o 8._o the_o three_o sort_n be_v when_o they_o eat_v not_o at_o all_o the_o whole_a day_n from_o sunset_n or_o the_o appearance_n of_o the_o star_n till_o the_o same_o season_n again_o as_o the_o jew_n now_o do_v in_o their_o strict_a fast_n as_o on_o the_o nine_o of_o their_o month_n ab_n or_o on_o
have_v before_o say_v the_o same_o thing_n 3._o thing_n iren._n lib._n 3._o cap._n 3._o where_o he_o name_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n down_o to_o eleutherius_fw-la of_o his_o own_o time_n the_o twelve_o from_o the_o apostle_n presuppose_v the_o same_o succession_n of_o such_o single_a person_n in_o all_o the_o apostolic_a church_n and_o give_v it_o as_o a_o truth_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n on_o which_o he_o may_v found_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o catholic_n doctrine_n and_o which_o the_o heretic_n themselves_o can_v not_o gainsay_v this_o plain_a testimony_n of_o so_o learned_a and_o venerable_a a_o person_n at_o no_o long_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o apostle_n seem_v unexceptionable_a but_o for_o the_o church_n of_o smyrna_n it_o be_v absolute_o unquestionable_a for_o there_o he_o speak_v almost_o from_o his_o own_o personal_a knowledge_n have_v himself_o be_v acquaint_v with_o polycarp_n who_o be_v immediate_o ordain_v by_o the_o apostle_n and_o as_o sure_o as_o this_o polycarp_n be_v bishop_n of_o smyrna_n so_o plain_a it_o be_v there_o that_o anicetus_n be_v of_o rome_n in_o his_o time_n and_o from_o their_o very_a conference_n together_o report_v by_o this_o irenaeus_n as_o we_o have_v see_v 4._o see_v part_v 1_o ch._n 1._o §._o 4._o it_o also_o evident_o appear_v that_o such_o bishop_n have_v be_v always_o there_o preside_v of_o who_o we_o know_v as_o many_o be_v mention_v in_o that_o place_n on_o occasion_n of_o the_o paschal_n dispute_v as_o reach_v up_o to_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o second_o century_n neither_o need_v i_o dissemble_v that_o those_o bishop_n be_v style_v presbyter_n in_o the_o place_n last_o mention_v since_o they_o be_v know_v to_o be_v presbyter_n of_o the_o more_o eminent_a degree_n and_o to_o be_v the_o same_o single_a person_n with_o the_o same_o superior_a character_n the_o same_o distinction_n still_o remain_v between_o they_o and_o the_o inferior_a presbyter_n §_o ii_o i_o may_v well_o be_v content_a with_o the_o evidence_n tertullian_n and_o irenaeus_n give_v for_o the_o apostolical_a distinction_n between_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o other_o presbyter_n and_o may_v therefore_o presume_v that_o what_o i_o have_v further_o to_o say_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n from_o ignatius_n will_v not_o fail_v to_o be_v credit_v for_o how_o unreasonable_a it_o be_v to_o suspect_v his_o write_n for_o the_o peculiar_a dignity_n he_o attribute_n to_o bishop_n and_o that_o be_v the_o great_a argument_n of_o suspicion_n they_o have_v have_v already_o appear_v from_o the_o little_a i_o have_v produce_v as_o the_o reader_n may_v find_v both_o that_o and_o all_o the_o lesser_a cavil_n at_o large_a and_o unanswerable_o refute_v by_o our_o bishop_n pearson_n ignat._n pearson_n vind._n ignat._n this_o ignatius_n bishop_n of_o antioch_n be_v in_o his_o journey_n through_o asia_n the_o less_o to_o his_o martyrdom_n at_o rome_n about_o the_o year_n 116_o at_o far_a 17._o far_a dodw._n diss_n in_o ir._n 1._o sect_n 17._o write_v several_a letter_n to_o the_o adjacent_a city_n thank_v the_o church_n there_o for_o their_o christian_a courtesy_n to_o he_o which_o they_o have_v show_v by_o their_o messenger_n and_o express_v by_o other_o token_n of_o fraternal_a love_n and_o take_v at_o the_o same_o time_n occasion_n to_o make_v they_o some_o effectual_a return_n and_o confirm_v they_o in_o the_o faith_n and_o discipline_n of_o christ_n these_o letter_n as_o all_o other_o even_o the_o apostolical_a will_v be_v much_o better_o understand_v by_o we_o if_o we_o distinct_o know_v the_o particular_a circumstance_n of_o those_o church_n to_o which_o no_o doubt_n he_o speak_v very_o proper_o though_o we_o now_o out_o of_o the_o same_o word_n can_v make_v but_o a_o general_a and_o sometime_o a_o very_a ordinary_a sense_n but_o however_o something_o of_o the_o circumstance_n of_o those_o time_n and_o of_o his_o intention_n in_o those_o letter_n appear_v through_o they_o and_o as_o his_o design_n seem_v to_o be_v to_o fortify_v they_o against_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o present_a persecution_n and_o to_o warn_v they_o of_o the_o dangerous_a heresy_n spring_v from_o simon_n magus_n and_o then_o prevail_v so_o he_o manifest_v a_o particular_a care_n against_o schism_n and_o for_o the_o preserve_v the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n before_o this_o time_n the_o division_n of_o the_o church_n of_o corinth_n about_o their_o governor_n have_v occasion_v a_o letter_n from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n by_o clemens_n hand_n and_o now_o in_o asia_n when_o st._n john_n himself_o the_o survive_a apostle_n be_v dead_a and_o the_o supreme_a control_a authority_n be_v extinct_a it_o be_v very_o likely_a that_o the_o order_n before_o establish_a be_v in_o some_o danger_n of_o be_v subvert_v by_o the_o ambition_n and_o unruliness_n of_o such_o who_o the_o spirit_n by_o st._n paul_n have_v express_o foretell_v to_o timothy_n the_o bishop_n of_o their_o capital_a city_n 4.1_o city_n 1_o tim._n 4.1_o now_o that_o such_o attempt_n be_v then_o make_v upon_o the_o authority_n of_o church-officer_n and_o to_o the_o confusion_n of_o their_o distinction_n may_v be_v gather_v from_o this_o ignatius_n as_o it_o also_o appear_v from_o his_o manner_n of_o expression_n that_o such_o a_o distinction_n be_v no_o novel_a thing_n and_o of_o modern_a erection_n nor_o be_v it_o of_o slight_a concern_v in_o this_o view_n as_o we_o may_v suppose_v he_o tell_v the_o ephesian_n that_o they_o ought_v to_o glorify_v jesus_n christ_n who_o have_v glorify_v they_o to_o be_v of_o one_o mind_n and_o to_o say_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o bishop_n and_o to_o the_o presbytery_n that_o they_o may_v be_v whole_o sanctify_v you_o ought_v say_v he_o to_o concur_v with_o your_o bishop_n as_o you_o do_v for_o your_o presbytery_n be_v as_o consonant_n to_o he_o as_o string_n to_o a_o instrument_n and_o let_v no_o man_n be_v deceive_v he_o that_o be_v not_o within_o the_o altar_n fall_v short_a of_o the_o bread_n of_o god_n and_o he_o that_o do_v not_o come_v to_o the_o assembly_n be_v proud_a and_o it_o be_v write_v god_n resist_v the_o proud_a do_v let_v we_o not_o then_o resist_v the_o bishop_n that_o we_o may_v be_v subject_a to_o god_n and_o the_o more_o modest_a and_o condescend_v your_o bishop_n be_v the_o more_o he_o be_v to_o be_v reverence_v for_o he_o be_v to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o lord_n himself_o and_o last_o he_o speak_v of_o their_o concurrence_n with_o christ_n that_o they_o may_v obey_v the_o bishop_n and_o the_o presbytery_n with_o a_o undistracted_a mind_n break_v that_o one_o bread_n which_o be_v the_o medicine_n for_o immortality_n the_o antidote_n against_o death_n this_o it_o seem_v be_v necessary_a to_o be_v say_v on_o this_o subject_n to_o the_o ephesian_n among_o who_o as_o among_o the_o other_o asiatic_a church_n to_o who_o he_o write_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n which_o st._n john_n presence_n have_v hitherto_o secure_v begin_v to_o be_v disturb_v whereas_o therefore_o in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o zeal_n in_o this_o case_n be_v so_o well_o know_v he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o their_o obedience_n to_o spiritual_a governor_n in_o all_o his_o other_o letter_n to_o the_o asiatic_n he_o enlarge_v much_o on_o the_o same_o topick_n and_o be_v it_o seem_v oblige_v to_o press_v that_o duty_n even_o upon_o the_o smyrnean_n where_o polycarp_n himself_o be_v bishop_n he_o do_v it_o after_o this_o manner_n fly_v division_n as_o the_o beginning_n or_o cause_n of_o evil_n all_o of_o you_o follow_v the_o bishop_n as_o christ_n jesus_n the_o father_n and_o follow_v the_o presbytery_n as_o the_o apostle_n and_o reverence_v the_o deacon_n as_o the_o commandment_n or_o mandatory_n e_o of_o god_n let_v no_o one_o do_v any_o thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o church_n without_o the_o bishop_n let_v that_o be_v esteem_v a_o good_a eucharist_n which_o be_v under_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o bishop_n or_o such_o as_o he_o shall_v appoint_v where_o the_o bishop_n appear_v there_o let_v the_o people_n be_v as_o where_o jesus_n christ_n be_v there_o be_v the_o catholic_n church_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a without_o the_o bishop_n neither_o to_o baptise_v nor_o keep_v the_o love-feast_n but_o what_o he_o approve_v that_o be_v it_o which_o be_v acceptable_a to_o god_n so_o to_o the_o philadelphian_o after_o exhortation_n to_o unity_n under_o the_o bishop_n he_o add_v take_v care_n therefore_o to_o use_v one_o eucharist_n for_o there_o be_v one_o flesh_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n one_o cup_n wherein_o his_o blood_n be_v unite_v one_o altar_n as_o there_o be_v one_o bishop_n with_o the_o presbytery_n and_o my_o fellow_n servant_n the_o deacon_n as_o also_o in_o that_o to_o the_o magnesian_o he_o direct_v endeavour_v to_o do_v all_o thing_n in_o the_o unanimity_n of_o god_n
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d shall_v be_v insert_v before_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o exception_n run_v thus_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d d_o august_n ad_fw-la casulan_n videant_fw-la ergo_fw-la romani_fw-la quid_fw-la agant_fw-la quia_fw-la etiam_fw-la ipsi_fw-la nimium_fw-la contumeliose_fw-la bujus_fw-la disputatione_n tractarâ—tur_fw-la apud_fw-la quos_fw-la omnibus_fw-la istis_fw-la sex_n diebus_fw-la pâ—ater_fw-la paucissâ—â—os_fw-la claine_v out_o monachos_fw-la quotusquisque_fw-la invenitur_fw-la qui_fw-la frequentet_fw-la quoâ—â—lima_fw-la jâ—junia_fw-la maxim_n quia_fw-la ibi_fw-la jejunandum_fw-la quinta_fw-la sabbati_fw-la non_fw-la vidâ—â—â—_n hoc_fw-la de_fw-la omni_fw-la septimana_fw-la dictum_fw-la ut_fw-la è_fw-la praemidis_fw-la patet_fw-la part_n ii_o a_o essay_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o lent_n subdivide_v into_o two_o repartition_n part_n ii_o a_o essay_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o lent_n subdivide_v into_o two_o repartition_n the_o first_o show_v preparatory_o that_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a christian_a ordinance_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o jew_n the_o second_o conjecture_v that_o lent_n be_v of_o the_o same_o original_a have_v view_v the_o ancient_a observation_n of_o lent_n we_o now_o proceed_v to_o inquire_v into_o its_o original_a and_o concern_v that_o the_o conjecture_n be_v various_a some_o ascribe_v its_o rise_n to_o apostolical_a constitution_n some_o to_o casual_a practice_n imitate_v and_o enlarge_v by_o other_o the_o one_o suppose_v forty_o day_n to_o be_v the_o prescribe_a number_n and_o that_o those_o who_o fast_v sewer_n be_v deficient_a other_o imagine_v that_o one_o day_n only_o the_o day_n of_o the_o passion_n be_v first_o keep_v by_o the_o grief_n rather_o than_o devotion_n of_o some_o good_a christian_n and_o that_o this_o afterward_o grow_v to_o that_o large_a number_n of_o day_n by_o the_o piety_n if_o not_o superstition_n of_o follow_v age_n all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v a_o novel_a institution_n at_o the_o early_a be_v whole_o christian_n and_o have_v no_o precedent_n from_o any_o former_a usage_n now_o to_o these_o conjecture_n not_o seem_v to_o be_v very_o satisfactory_a i_o have_v adventure_v to_o add_v another_o draw_v from_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o jew_n concern_v their_o great_a fast_a and_o their_o penitential_a preparation_n before_o it_o hope_v if_o it_o appear_v reasonable_o well_o ground_v that_o it_o may_v help_v to_o give_v a_o clear_a light_n as_o well_o as_o a_o better_a colour_n to_o a_o season_n so_o much_o and_o so_o long_o observe_v in_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n and_o here_o i_o intend_v at_o first_o to_o have_v enter_v immediate_o upon_o the_o view_n of_o the_o expiation-day_n of_o the_o jew_n and_o their_o preparatory_a season_n compare_v they_o with_o our_o expiation_n the_o passion-day_n and_o its_o previous_a lent_n and_o the_o parallel_n if_o i_o mistake_v not_o be_v so_o exact_o correspondent_a as_o to_o make_v one_o apt_a to_o believe_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n that_o one_o of_o those_o line_n be_v draw_v by_o the_o other_o but_o because_o i_o be_o sensible_a that_o some_o objection_n may_v be_v raise_v both_o against_o the_o design_n itself_o and_o the_o authority_n i_o be_o to_o use_v i_o shall_v endeavour_v first_o to_o remove_v they_o and_o possible_o by_o the_o answer_v i_o be_o to_o give_v i_o may_v not_o only_o smooth_v the_o way_n but_o make_v such_o advances_n as_o may_v bring_v we_o at_o the_o same_o time_n near_o to_o the_o admittance_n of_o what_o i_o have_v propose_v there_o be_v three_o prejudices_fw-la i_o foresee_v which_o may_v encounter_v this_o undertake_n 1._o the_o first_o may_v be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a the_o primitive_a christian_n will_v imitate_v the_o jew_n or_o fit_a they_o shall_v 2._o the_o other_o that_o the_o traditional_a write_n they_o have_v be_v not_o sufficient_a authority_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o ancient_a custom_n 3._o and_o the_o last_o may_v be_v this_o that_o such_o a_o derivation_n of_o lent_n must_v be_v false_a because_o it_o be_v new_a these_o three_o prejudices_fw-la have_v occasion_v the_o addition_n of_o the_o first_o member_n of_o this_o part_n and_o the_o reader_n if_o he_o please_v may_v pass_v it_o over_o but_o of_o those_o the_o two_o last_n will_v be_v easy_o satisfy_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o first_o and_o upon_o that_o subject_a i_o shall_v enlarge_v the_o more_o free_o because_o it_o may_v be_v as_o delightful_a and_o instructive_a to_o observe_v the_o original_a of_o many_o other_o christian_a institution_n as_o of_o lent_n part_n ii_o repartit_n i._o that_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a christian_a ordinance_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o jew_n chap_n i._n §_o i._n not_o dishonourable_a for_o christian_a ordinance_n to_o be_v borrow_v from_o the_o jew_n and_o they_o general_o be_v first_o such_o consider_v as_o be_v mention_v in_o scripture_n as_o §_o ii_o baptism_n it_o be_v a_o rite_n by_o which_o as_o well_o as_o by_o other_o proselyte_n be_v admit_v into_o judaisme_n §_o iii_o christian_a baptism_n as_o express_v in_o the_o new_a testament_n a_o imitation_n of_o it_o §_o i._o among_o the_o ancient_a heretic_n some_o it_o be_v know_v receive_v our_o saviour_n and_o his_o gospel_n but_o reject_v the_o moysaicall_a law_n and_o blaspheme_v its_o god_n and_o there_o may_v be_v many_o now_o though_o more_o innocent_a who_o at_o this_o distance_n from_o the_o rise_v of_o christianity_n may_v either_o have_v lose_v the_o remembrance_n of_o its_o original_a and_o forget_v that_o the_o last_o covenant_n have_v any_o dependence_n on_o the_o first_o or_o else_o in_o pride_n of_o our_o great_a privilege_n may_v scornful_o overlook_a the_o dispensation_n of_o moses_n as_o a_o beggarly_a element_n and_o in_o the_o vanity_n of_o a_o neighbour-nation_n may_v think_v it_o a_o disparagement_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n to_o be_v think_v of_o jewish_a extraction_n and_o there_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v more_o cause_n give_v for_o this_o conceit_n from_o some_o learned_a book_n of_o late_a which_o have_v treat_v concern_v the_o jewish_a and_o the_o egyptian_a antiquity_n and_o which_o have_v be_v misunderstand_v so_o far_o by_o some_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n that_o those_o who_o have_v not_o consider_v the_o matter_n well_o may_v look_v upon_o it_o as_o very_o dishonourable_a to_o christianity_n to_o borrow_v any_o thing_n from_o that_o nation_n which_o be_v suspect_v to_o have_v borrow_v so_o much_o of_o all_o its_o neighbour_n and_o to_o have_v rob_v even_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o egyptian_n but_o they_o need_v not_o fear_v for_o truth_n can_v never_o suffer_v from_o truth_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v indeed_o appear_v that_o the_o mosaic_a religion_n be_v conformable_a to_o the_o worship_n of_o their_o eastern_a neighbour_n it_o may_v notwithstanding_o no_o less_o maintain_v its_o divine_a authority_n knowledge_n we_o know_v as_o well_o as_o empire_n begin_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o there_o the_o many_o tradition_n concern_v god_n descend_v from_o noah_n and_o other_o of_o his_o inspire_a son_n be_v lodge_v and_o preserve_v blend_v we_o may_v think_v and_o much_o corrupt_v with_o many_o falsity_n and_o superstition_n various_o too_o by_o its_o various_a depositary_n the_o chaldean_n egyptian_n phoenician_n arabian_n etc._n etc._n now_o all_o these_o have_v something_o of_o the_o same_o religion_n as_o they_o have_v of_o the_o same_o language_n but_o in_o a_o different_a dialect_n and_o manner_n and_o what_o if_o god_n be_v please_v by_o the_o ministry_n of_o moses_n to_o reform_v it_o from_o the_o many_o addition_n impious_a or_o immoral_a with_o which_o it_o have_v be_v several_o adulterate_v retain_v some_o indifferent_a custom_n innocent_o introduce_v institute_v other_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o more_o dangerous_a error_n and_o direct_v some_o eminent_a part_n of_o the_o whole_a to_o a_o further_a prospect_n of_o another_o and_o more_o perfect_a revelation_n yet_o to_o come_v and_o all_o these_o law_n for_o the_o use_v of_o a_o peculiar_a people_n to_o reduce_v into_o one_o code_n and_o authorise_v by_o a_o new_a sanction_n such_o a_o reform_a religion_n we_o may_v suppose_v that_o of_o the_o jew_n to_o have_v be_v and_o need_v not_o therefore_o be_v afraid_a if_o our_o religion_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o further_a reformation_n of_o that_o judaisme_n a_o title_n mr._n selden_n frequent_o give_v it_o but_o to_o be_v understand_v not_o as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o repurgation_n of_o the_o old_a from_o any_o error_n but_o as_o it_o be_v the_o completion_n and_o perfection_n of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o original_a design_n and_o as_o certain_o as_o our_o bless_a saviour_n and_o his_o apostle_n be_v of_o hebrew_n lineage_n so_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o our_o religion_n be_v graft_v on_o the_o jewish_a neither_o do_v the_o expression_n only_o and_o allusion_n of_o the_o gospel_n relate_v to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o law_n
order_n of_o rabbin_n above_o the_o ordinary_a rabbin_n who_o preside_v over_o they_o and_o be_v as_o the_o prince_n or_o father_n of_o the_o consistory_n heretofore_o second_o as_o the_o talmudist_n tell_v we_o there_o presbyter_n be_v indifferent_o of_o any_o tribe_n neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o tribe_n of_o levi_n who_o compose_v the_o great_a consistory_n of_o jerusalem_n 5._o jerusalem_n seld._n ibid._n cap._n 7._o §._o 5._o though_o that_o consistory_n in_o their_o opinion_n govern_v even_o in_o the_o temple_n and_o over_o all_o that_o officiate_v there_o etc._n there_o ibid._n cap._n 8._o cap._n 15._o §._o 12_o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o truth_n be_v according_a to_o the_o modern_a tradition_n those_o of_o the_o tribe_n of_o levi_n be_v not_o so_o absolute_a in_o the_o temple_n nor_o of_o that_o consideration_n out_o of_o the_o temple_n as_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v by_o the_o scripture_n and_o by_o josephus_n and_o now_o at_o this_o time_n though_o the_o priest_n receive_v sometime_o some_o little_a due_a for_o the_o redemption_n of_o the_o first-born_a and_o be_v call_v before_o other_o to_o read_v the_o law_n and_o be_v prefer_v to_o give_v the_o solemn_a blessing_n in_o the_o synagogue_n and_o to_o say_v grace_n at_o meal_n yet_o for_o the_o rest_n they_o be_v as_o common_a israelite_n and_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o rabbin_n for_o these_o rabbin_n have_v order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o they_o be_v repute_v to_o represent_v the_o priest_n and_o to_o succeed_v into_o their_o sacerdotal_a right_n claim_v therefore_o to_o be_v free_a from_o tax_n and_o from_o watch_n and_o ward_n to_o have_v the_o prevendition_n or_o pre-emption_a in_o the_o market_n and_o to_o have_v their_o cause_n first_o dispatch_v in_o court_n of_o justice_n 10._o justice_n leo_n de_fw-fr mod._n cere_fw-la des_fw-fr juifs_fw-fr s._n 12.3_o buxt_n syn._n j._n 46._o maim_v tal._n tor._n cap._n 6._o 〈◊〉_d 10._o and_o this_o possible_o come_v to_o pass_v not_o only_o from_o the_o supersede_n of_o the_o main_a part_n of_o the_o priestly_a function_n by_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o from_o the_o cease_n of_o their_o tithe_n and_o other_o due_n by_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o people_n from_o their_o own_o country_n but_o also_o from_o the_o great_a destruction_n that_o must_v have_v be_v suffer_v by_o the_o tribe_n of_o levi_n in_o those_o cruel_a devastation_n make_v by_o tite_n and_o adrian_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o city_n in_o which_o place_n the_o levite_n have_v their_o residence_n and_o employment_n and_o which_o they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o defend_v most_o zealous_o whereas_o many_o other_o jew_n live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n disperse_v in_o remote_a province_n escape_v the_o war_n and_o its_o fury_n for_o then_o when_o very_o few_o priest_n remain_v and_o those_o of_o all_o jew_n dare_v least_o own_o themselves_o and_o when_o they_o be_v debar_v from_o the_o execution_n of_o that_o office_n by_o which_o they_o have_v be_v so_o honourable_o distinguish_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o other_o tribe_n take_v the_o advantage_n and_o as_o it_o happen_v among_o rival_n office_n encroach_v and_o usurp_v upon_o they_o and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o deliver_v down_o the_o law_n which_o the_o priest_n lip_n have_v be_v use_v to_o preserve_v as_o rabbi_n juda_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o office_n he_o as_o holy_a as_o he_o be_v may_v comply_v so_o far_o with_o modern_a usurpation_n as_o to_o record_v it_o with_o the_o tradition_n from_o mount_n sina_n and_o last_o we_o be_v all_o along_o bid_v to_o observe_v that_o these_o presbyter_n and_o ruler_n be_v civil_a magistrate_n who_o have_v the_o government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o by_o that_o title_n control_v the_o high-priest_n themselves_o 8.11_o themselves_o ibid._n l._n 3._o c._n 8.11_o a_o observation_n we_o need_v not_o dissemble_v if_o we_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n allow_v to_o remember_v that_o god_n himself_o be_v the_o supreme_a governor_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n that_o even_o its_o civil_a law_n be_v enact_v by_o he_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o judge_n of_o that_o law_n be_v sacred_a officer_n and_o of_o a_o policy_n that_o be_v divine_a hitherto_o these_o elder_n have_v be_v chief_o consider_v as_o administrator_n of_o their_o civil_a policy_n they_o have_v too_o the_o direct_a administration_n of_o all_o their_o worship_n that_o be_v not_o sacrificial_a direct_v its_o service_n and_o appoint_v its_o officer_n whereas_o therefore_o in_o a_o great_a city_n the_o nasi_n or_o his_o vicegerent_n and_o even_o the_o presbyter_n in_o a_o large_a sense_n be_v the_o archisynagogi_fw-la ruler_n or_o head_n of_o the_o synagogue_n as_o it_o mean_v the_o body_n or_o community_n of_o the_o city_n so_o they_o be_v also_o ruler_n of_o the_o synagogue_n or_o synagogue_n of_o that_o city_n as_o they_o be_v congregation_n for_o worship_n and_o where_o there_o be_v many_o synagogue_n as_o there_o be_v in_o those_o city_n the_o same_o be_v ruler_n over_o all_o of_o they_o though_o by_o their_o appointment_n and_o in_o their_o name_n to_o particular_a synagogue_n particular_a presbyter_n and_o sometime_o possible_o of_o limit_a power_n may_v be_v especial_o depute_v to_o take_v care_n of_o they_o §_o v._o such_o be_v the_o elder_n of_o jewish_a commonwealth_n and_o church_n and_o correspondent_a in_o some_o manner_n to_o these_o be_v the_o christian_a presbyter_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n and_o first_o those_o proper_o call_v apostle_n be_v style_v elder_n as_o represent_v the_o twelve_o prince_n of_o the_o tribe_n who_o be_v the_o first_o and_o great_a elder_n of_o israel_n so_o st._n peter_n style_v himself_o a_o fellow-eld_a 5.1_o fellow-eld_a 1_o pet._n 5.1_o and_o so_o the_o appellation_n of_o elder_n seem_v in_o one_o place_n of_o the_o act_n 3â—_n act_n act_n 11_o 3â—_n to_o comprehend_v the_o apostle_n also_o next_o there_o be_v elder_n distinct_a from_o the_o apostle_n those_o mention_v often_o in_o the_o act_n just_a after_o they_o the_o apostle_n and_o elder_n 6._o elder_n act_n 15.2_o 4_o 6._o and_o these_o because_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v before_o of_o their_o creation_n as_o there_o be_v of_o the_o deacon_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o be_v the_o seventy_o who_o our_o saviour_n have_v ordain_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o consistory_n erect_v by_o moses_n and_o then_o continue_v at_o jerusalem_n and_o if_o these_o be_v seventy_o elder_n then_o st._n james_n the_o bishop_n of_o jerusalem_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v the_o precedent_n of_o they_o and_o if_o not_o the_o prince_n for_o that_o honour_n they_o may_v leave_v to_o our_o saviour_n always_o repute_v as_o present_v with_o they_o yet_o the_o vicegerent_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o father_n of_o the_o council_n of_o the_o seventy_o to_o which_o the_o other_o apostle_n have_v join_v themselves_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o assistant_n extraordinary_a and_o as_o the_o high_a priest_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o tribe_n have_v i_o suppose_v use_v to_o have_v a_o extraordinary_a place_n in_o the_o consistory_n of_o their_o sanhedrim_n we_o find_v too_o that_o in_o all_o the_o considerable_a city_n where_o the_o apostle_n found_v church_n they_o ordain_v elder_n as_o barnabas_n and_o paul_n be_v record_v 14.23_o record_v act_n 14.23_o to_o have_v do_v in_o derbe_n lystra_n iconium_n and_o antioch_n what_o be_v the_o number_n of_o these_o we_o be_v not_o tell_v nor_o what_o superiority_n there_o may_v be_v among_o they_o and_o in_o these_o circumstance_n also_o they_o answer_v to_o their_o predecessor_n the_o presbyter_n or_o judge_n of_o israel_n of_o who_o as_o we_o have_v see_v the_o scripture_n have_v only_o say_v judge_n and_o officer_n shall_v thou_o make_v thou_o in_o all_o thy_o gate_n not_o express_v the_o number_n of_o those_o provincial_a judge_n nor_o distinguish_v between_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o vicegerent_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o they_o the_o number_n i_o presume_v of_o our_o christian_a elder_n be_v various_a in_o various_a place_n where_o there_o be_v many_o one_o of_o they_o be_v appoint_v to_o be_v their_o chief_n and_o father_n of_o the_o consistory_n if_o we_o will_v be_v guide_v in_o our_o opinion_n by_o the_o very_o early_o uniform_a practice_n of_o the_o next_o age_n viii_o age_n chap._n viii_o and_o where_o there_o be_v but_o one_o he_o too_o in_o probability_n be_v a_o presbyter_n of_o that_o rank_n and_o have_v authority_n to_o assume_v to_o himself_o colleague_n as_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o church_n shall_v require_v and_o in_o this_o supposition_n these_o father_n presbyter_n be_v those_o who_o be_v proper_o to_o be_v call_v bishop_n in_o the_o determine_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n as_o all_o presbyter_n may_v be_v in_o the_o large_a acception_n of_o it_o these_o christian_a