strengthen the argument it is observed that such divisions and subdivisions among those that fall from the Churches unity are significant marks of their falsity and that they are not of the true Spirit of God Irenaeus reports of the Valentinians that when they were very numerous scarce two or three agreed in the same opinions And S. Austin of the Donatists that in his time they were cut asunder and divided into very many small pieces factions and the same may be observed by almost all the ancient remarkable heresies And how much of this observation falls upon such as have departed from us I leave to the impartial Reader to judge Qu. But do you follow no directions of the Spirit in your profession Ans. Yes in these foure wayes or respects First I follow the guidance of the holy Scriptures as they were given by inspiration of the holy Spirit Secondly I follow the examples pattern and Doctrines of the first Churches which were planted by the Apostles and Apostolick men of the first age who were directed by the extraordinary gifts of the Spirit as of prophesying tongues and miraculous healing as was then expedient for the conviction of the world that they were from God Thirdly I follow that light of truth which the universall Church of Christ have kept and preserved as to all times and places which I beleeve to be the effect of Christs promise of sending his Spirit of truth to guide into all truth Fourthly I follow the direction of the holy Spirit whereby I am taught of God that is instructed and inabled by his preventing and assisting grace to lead a holy life and to have my judgement spiritualized that I may mind desire discern and design spiritual things Now whatsoever new light is pretended inconsistent with the holy Scriptures so interpreted by the common judgement of the first planters and the Churches nearest them or that shall destroy the All-truth of the Spirit in fundamentals maintained and confirmed by universal profession or that consists not with godlines and the Gospel-rules of a holy life mercy charity peaceablenesse justice and the like I dare not embrace any new light upon the grounds forementioned Quest What is your second direction or caveat Ans. To beware of such a profession that hath no other ground then a plea from Sripture upon private interpretation which ground though it hath not produced such monstrous effects of errour as the former yet hath been more dangerous and destructive to the Churches peace and unity Now the unsafetinesse of such a profession in the first place appeares because the most absurd hereticks of the ancient Church in bringing in their then novel errours as plainly and undeniably appeares by the practices and histories of the Manichees Arians Sabellians Pelagians Donatists and others when they would no otherwise accomplish their enviousnesse against the then present Church departed from its communion upon new principles of dangerous consequence and cried up Scripture for their cause A testimony or two I may instance in from the Ancients instead of many Tertullian speaking of hereticks saith That when they perswade of matters of faith but out of the writings of faith they pretend the Scriptures and by such boldnesse move many to them To the same purpose Athanasius Endure not those that perswade you to new things contrary to the faith received although they anthorize them from the holy Scriptures In the next place I shall further adde as a reason to suspect the unsafetinesse of such a profession the fatall infelicities and irreconcileable differencies that have alwayes befallen the Church but especially in these last ages upon the presumption of private interpretation whereby every man as he hath been indulgent to his own opinion which either education prejudice advantage or ignorance hath inclined his spirit to so hath he decided and determined the controversies of the Church or made new ones worse then the former And I am confident were there a thousand cells and so many of our private Interpreters in them obliged to passe their judgements to determine the controverted doctrines to make a confession of faith to marshall a Church-government to form a service and worship of God from the Scriptures by their private interpretations and they all supposed to lay aside those few principles which they have continued from the received doctrines and practices of the Church and no singling of principles one to another we should soon and certainly find a progeny of a thousand several religions and professions Now the main reason is this though the holy Scriptures be in themselves most perspicuous and plain as to the direction of life and manners for which cause David calls them a light to his feet and lanthorn to his paths yet as to the deep mysteries of faith and the determination of many considerable emergent controversies of doctrine and government God hath pleased to deliver his truths in so dark and abstruse a manner that they that want humility to hear the common judgement of the Churches of Christ and their received interpretations may easily be delivered over by God to find arguments enough in Scripture to captivate and satisfy a private and prejudicate spirit in any errour of religion wresting the Scripture to their own destruction Quest In what manner do you hold the direction of the Scriptures and their interpretation as to your profession Ans. First I acknowledge the Blessed Scriptures to be the rule of faith the end and decision of all controversies and where they are clear and evident I submit my soul to them as to the final end of all my enquâ—ries and doubts Secondly in the things that God hath pleased should be doubtfully delivered which is occasioned either from some difficulty in the Idiome or from seeming difference with other places requiring curious distinctions or when the expressions are clad and darkened with tropes and figures which are frequent in Scriptures or Lastly when the Scriptures are occasionall and a due consideration of the time when and the persons to whom they were spoken or written is necessary to the understanding of them I say in things so doubtfully delivered as to doctrine or government I submit my private reason and opinion to the grand interpretation and common consent of the first Churches for these reasons First because they were uninterested in our present controversies so without danger of being byassed by passion and they ordinarily lying under persecutions were not likely to gratify an errour for any private or worldly regards Secondly because they had most reason to know what were the practices of the Apostles and Apostolical men most certain guides to follow in controverted and doubtful points of Government and the circumstantial parts of religion Their footsteps which had so lately planted the Churches of Christ could not be so soon worn out but that they left discernable tracts for their immedate successors to walk in Thirdly they
inspirations of the Spirit to guide men to and in it For such a profession must be very unsafe and dangerous for these reasons First because there hath been no succession of any such immediate light or revelations since the Apostles age when they were necessary that the whole way of Christs first planting his Church might in all circumstances be purely miraculous Since which time no Church of Christ in any place or at any time have made profession upon that ground till the late Enthusiasts in Germany and England For certainly if that had been the ground of professing Christ that Church which is a City on a hill and that Gospel which is the Mountaine of the Lord would not have left us without all evidence and president in such a long space of time But if they please to conclude the whole Christian world in darknesse from the Apostles times to this period though they think it nothing to condemn so many ages to uphold their own phantasmes yet I ask them how the promise to the Church was effected when Christ engaged to send the Spirit of truth to guide them into all truth if fourteen or fifteen hundred years together the whole Church so foully erred by a false unlawful and Antichristian profession But because they lay clayme to such immediate gifts of the Spirit without the subministration of learning education in Sciences and Tongues and such like preparations of the understanding for spirituall knowledge from the examples of the Apostles I further require of them why they pretend to some of those miraculous gifts and not to all as gifts of tongues healing and the like which were the significations and proofs that the other gifts and themselves were of God When therefore their ordinary discourses pretended raptures prayings and preachings are delivered by them owned to be the inspirations of the Spirit which may proceed from other naturall dexterities and acquired helps and having no other miraculous gifts as of tongues and healing and the like as the Apostles had to prove them to be so their own assertions are very fallible and the profession dangerous and unsafe Secondly such a professinn is unsafe because upon that ground the devill hath the most certain advantage of deceiving men indiscoverably when they shall once be perswaded to follow the voyce and dictate of an indemonstrable spirit in themselves or others Whence is that seasonable inhibition of the Apostle Beleeve not every spirit but try the spirits whether they be of God for many false Prophets are gone out into the world From which Scripture I inferre these observations to strengthen the argument against such a profession First Beleeve not every spirit because there be several sorts of spirits all false but one There is a lying spirit and a perverse spirit or the spirit of errour as the Septuagint renders it A mans own spirit which is his opinion and fancy there is also the spirit of the world which is the common humour and bent of every present time These and many of this sort will be pretenders to guide as the Spirit of God Therefore when I am tempted to beleeve any thing upon the bare pretence of the Spirit in what great danger am I in to be guided by a false spiitit there being many to one true Spirit of God Secondly But try the spirits that is those false spirits shall be so likened to the true Spirit of God in so great an assimulation that they are not to be distinguished without trial and examination And this is no wonder when Satau himself can transform himself into an Angel of light and his deceitful agents to be like the true Apostles of Christ Now as the difficulty of discerning and consequently the danger of such a profession of the true Spirit from the false ariseth from their similitude so also much more in respect of what reason I have to suspect my self as unable to try and examine them aright First because when I consider how easily my judgement is deceived in things obvious to sense as in civil differences and outward affaires how much more fallible must that my judgement be in discriminating secret and invisible spirits lying under the cunning artificies of devils and evil men who by them attempt to seduce weak soules Secondly when I consider how easily I may be prejudicated and if fo how soon and certainly deceived When a prejudgement hath once passed upon the mind in the worst cause that ever was how doth every likelyhood make an argument every fallacious argument growes into a demonstration and every mans discourse of the same judgement shall have an indulgence and a beleefe But every argument and advising person to the contrary shall be sufficiently answered with nothing but a suspicion and a contempt Therefore when I am tempted to a religion or profession upon the pretence of the Spirit to what dangers do I expose my self lest I should not through the want of or a prejudicated judgement distinguish the true Spirit from the false when they are both made as like as light to light Thirdly because many false Prophets c. which inferres that false Prophets when they come because their â—ofession is against the ground of all visible evidences must pretend a Spirit It being the common artifice of seducers to muffle up the understandings of their followers by alledging something that is high and undiscernable like some Astronomers who betray their disciples to a ditch or a cheat by causing them to look up with wonder to some imaginary Scheme of nothing So that still fuch a profession must needs be unsafe because it is forewarned and prophesied that false Prophets when they come shall have this mark upon them they shall pretend a Spirit Lastly if the pretended ground of being directed by an immediate light of the Spirit were true and consequently safe there could be no profession more regular and certain the same Spirit will alwayes dictate the same thing But we see that the pretenders to the Spirit are divided into Legions of factions Anabaptists Catabaptists Antitrinitarians Antiscripturists Ranters Quakers and many such of like sort among which not one Sect agrees with another nor two Congregations of the same Sect among themselves nor scarcely the members of the same Congregation one with another and very seldome the same member at any one time with what he was himself a little before And yet all pretend the Spirit of God for their guide from whence their several opinions are as unlikely to proceed as that the two Poles should center in one point or that contradictions might be reconciled How then canst thou be safe with what Sect wilt thou joyn profession with what Congregation of that Sect with what part of that Congregation and then in what opinions wilt thou joyn such as they maintained last year or those they now hold or such as they are like to take up the next Now to
what heavenly members of Christs Kingdome have shined in every part of this nation no way inferiour to the most renowned Saints of ancient times but that the frequency of professors and as it were familiarity of piety have eclipsed their own excellencies And without doubt weighing those extenuating expressions of Christs Kingdom as the little Flock few that find it and the like we might with facility observe in this nation plentiful additions of souls to the Church above any nation in the world proportion of places considered Whence then these effects and demonstrations of religion but from Gods pleasure to preserve a never-failing succession of Ministery who disserninated in every part of the nation have laboured in Word and Doctrine among us for it canuot be supposed that this Church have received these grapes of thornes or figges of thistles or that a corrupt tree that is a false or Anti-christian Ministery should bring forth such good fruit as our Saviour argues in this very case And after all this lest these eminent graces and blessed effects should still be attributed to any other either immediate or mediate proceediug of God I desire any of our adversaries to shew that ever any nation was converted to or continued in a Christian profession or that ever the Religion of a Nation hath not verged to a Period with the fall of its Ministery and then I may be induced to suspect this Church received such graces from some other instrument then the Ministery And for further confirmation it is no hard matter to observe how much the interest of Religion is concerned in this Ministeries preservation by considering how piety peace charity reverence to Gods worship and the whole frame of religion have declined and the contrary evils of prophanenesse sacriledge blasphemy Atheisme oppression violence and injustice have generally improved by their fall Now the force of the argument is this There being these effects of piety and salvation as unparalel'd consequences of the work of the Ministery of this National Church and there being no other ordinary means the mehod of grace under the Gospel from whence otherwise they should proceed we therefore cunclude them lawful instruments of Gods work and a blest and truly Christian Ministery to this Church The fecond argument for brevity sake I make as general and comprehensive as I can and thus it is If the Ministers of the Churches of Christ in all ages and places through the whole succession of Christian Religion had the same separation to their offices that we of this Church of England have then by necessary consequence either the universal Ministery of Christ were alwayes Antichristian which would be next to blasphemy to assert as well as we or we Christian and lawful as well as they Now let our enemies shew that in any age of that great space of time or in any place where Christs Name was ever professed that the received Ministery thereof were otherwise in substance ordained whereby to raise any plea to their new or rather no call we will acknowledge the lawfulnesse of our calling to be justly questioned This argument hath its foundation upon a promise of Christ to his universal Church in the name of his Apostles Howbeit when the Spirit of truth is come he will guide you into all truth Which promise had apparently in a considerable point been unaccomplished had the universal Church of Christ so many hundred years successively erred by an Antichristian and unlawful Ministery and by consequence all the Christian world all that great while had been deprived of lawfull ordinances the outward means of grace which depend upon the lawful Mission of the Ministery How shall they hear to a success of beleefe but by their preaching who are lawfully sent Quest These arguments are convincing and now as it seems to me a man may as soon and upon as good ground question a great part of his Christian Religion as the lawfulnesse of the Ministery of this Church being inferred from those premisses which conclude and prove one as well as the other I desire therefore rather to venture my soule with all the Churches of Christ and under a Ministery that have been received as lawful by them and of whom we have had experience in this national Church in excellent effects of all spirituall blessings then to embrace the judgement of a few who study new things such as the Churches of Christ never knew before and to submit to such a Ministery as descend in no succession and without any character either extraordinary or ordinary to demonstrate their mission and of which in a short time we have had sad experiences as appears by the divisions blasphemies fond opinions and great impieties that have prospered under them There remaines one scruple more What canst thou say to satisfy them that urge the present fall of this Church and sufferings and contempt of its Ministery as an argument against the truth of the profession and Religion Ans. It is true I cannot deny there be a great many that follow the disingenuous practice of that sort of people of which the holy Psalmist complaines that love to persecute him whom God hath smitten and to talk how to vex him whom he hath wounded Crying out against us like another untoward generation God hath forsaken them persecute and take them for there is none to deliver them But it is a wonder to me that persons pretending light in Religion and an understanding in the Scriptures should make outward providences the guidance of their judgement in determining the justice or unjustice of Causes Conclusions by events prove nothing but the folly of a vulgar judgement that is byassed by them When most frequent it is that the wicked prosper in their way and they are happy that deale very treacherously yea God plants them till they take root God suffers oft-times evill men to flourish like a green bay-tree in worldly successes when he permits them to blast the honour and safety of the just If prosperous providence gives the sentence of justice The Turk that sets up his trophies in the most renowned parts of Christendome already and if he should poure in his forces to the overthrow of all the Christian nations that remain could never want an argument to justify his usurpations and Tyrannies Nor doth the Churches unsuccesseful attempts for its preservation disprove its truth and being But rather if it were lawful or indeed possible to determine from exteriour providences the frequent tragedies of its continual snfferings might induce us to a beleef that Truth and persecution have gone hand in hand Hence the worthy observers of the Churches instability in worldly safety have found out a reason of its happinesse from its miseries The Church hath increased with persecutions and is crowned with martyrdomes saith St. Hierome Then it conquers when it is oppressed and obtaines when forsaken saith St. Hilary For if its
reading of many days And this discouragement became an insuperable difficulty to young persons poor servants labourers and many others whose callings required continual attendance And though some of them were short yet being pend above the reach of ordinary capacities they became altogether uselesse to such young and vulgar intellects To avoyd therefore the inconveniences of both I have truly troden in the paths of this Church as to the first and I have endeavoured plainnesse and brevity as to the second Now to contract my argument to the force of a satisfaction There being none of the former sort that I have seen which are not in some measure chargeable with those mentioned defects nor any of the latter which have not been either prolix or too sublime I presume I may beg the kindnesse to be beleeved that I have done a thing both necessary and seasonable 2. In the next place let not the learned eye despise me that I appear not with the embroydery of large quotations or Chymistry of School-distinctions or that I have not conjured the plain principles of Christ into a circle of sciences Such dresses suits them that pretend to the chayre and aspire to be inserted in the Catalogue of the Learned or them whose design is to court great and generous minds to the love of Christ and his Religion My businesse is of another nature I come to treat the lowest of Christs School and such whom you may as soon nourish with stones as edify with learned discourses with whom I labour to make Christ to be understood not to shew my self understanding And if after this tender of satisfaction to such Readers I must yet purchase their contempt my compensation shall be that I account it as much more blessed to enlighten one poor ignorant disciple of Christ then to please the learned of all ages as to feed one hungry soul hath more charity in it then to feast all the Nobles in the world This intimation then of my design I make my only plea against the such allegations of the learned Reader to whose ingenuity I appeal 3. Lastly as to my Reader that differs from me in judgement I beseech him upon his christian charity to beleeve me that I intend not controversie but have made it my chief business concurrent with the mayn drift and scope of our Saviours Sermons the Epistles of the Apostles indeed of the whole Gospel it self to encourage men in and to direct men to holy lives and just peaceable and mercifull conversations And when I have been necessitated to meet any doubtfull and disputable doctrines as of irrespective and absolute or conditional decrees of election and reprobation of universal or particular redemption and such like tho decision of which have administred nothing but endlesse disceptations to the learned and terrours to the weak I have not at all dogmatized but only used them as they have served the interest of holy living Alwayes giving this rule to my self in those intricate controversies that they are then concluded and beleeved with most safety and likelihood to truth as their determinations give the best reason and encouragement of living well In order to which if I have unavoydably declared a difference from thy judgement in any such poynt have but so much christian civility to beleeve my former profession and that the argument that led me to it was not to differ from thee but according to my perswasion to advance the doctrines of piety in thee and all men and thou canst not but count me worthy of christian peace from thee I beg of thee not to censure me hastily nor litigiously least thou over-reach a disadvantage to piety it self which hath never suffered more then when the fiery combats and unnecessary quarrels of Christians and of Church-men especially have run them into heats and actions beneath gravity and against charity and upon such occasions disgracing and undervaluing each other have taught the people to scorn and contemn them all and in the end religion it self with which they trifled in needlesse argumentations For it is sadly notorious since one Clergy have bitterly inveighed against and heavily oppressed another about differences in Government and Service which every thing might have reconciled but passion and self-interest they have purchased a slite and contempt not only to them to whom they designed it but to themselves also in the greatest portion and to Ministery in general and by necessary consequence they have shaken the very foundations of this once renowned National profession Which they may soon beleeve when they behold so universal a defection from it and that their congregations are thin carelesse and irregular the Sacraments unfrequented and other Ordinances disregarded their callings disputed their persons hated their demeans tottering and a progeny of illiterate men ready to possesse their places and which is most sadly to be lamented Religion it self made an amazement and a scruple Let sad experience therefore and pitty to a poor languishing Church move us to lay aside all personal and passionate dissentions and animosities which have produced such miserable effects and draw our contentions to this one period that we strive together who shall be most forward in the work of the Lord All the satisfaction then that I tender to this kind of Readers is That they are obliged to think me charitable and that whatsoever point I have determined contrary to their perswasions was because I made it an argument of more comfort and diligence in the profession of Christ And I thank God I look upon them and aell men that differ from me with no other eye then as St. Austin did his Manachees Vivat homo moriatur error let their errors dye but let themselves be happy Having thus dis-ingaged my self from all these exceptions It remaines only to shew the use of these ensuing exercises which will best appear by discovering the gradual progresse of my intentions about them as they became productive one of another by necessary inferences For I first propounded to my self only the Catechisme for the rules of life but then I found that through the severity of Gospel-obedience many scruples might invade pious minds concerning Gods grace to help to perform them concerning his acceptance of their infirm obedience to them which occasioned the following treatise concerning satisfactions of doubts about the doctrines of Grace After that I considered that many good minds ready to ingage in a religious life were sadly perplexed about the diversities of professions all strongly pretending to be for Christ and especially about the Ministery decryed every where as unlawful and Anttchristian which as it became necessary occasioned the third part Satisfying doubts concerning the profession of this Church and Ministery Then finding that a principal part of holy life consisted in uncessant exercise of prayers to God I thought it not enough to invite men to the duty but also to direct them to the right performance of it which produced the