itself_o not_o to_o all_o the_o relation_n of_o all_o our_o idea_n 4._o four_o nor_o demonstrative_a knowledge_n 5._o five_o sensitive_a knowledge_n narrow_a than_o either_o 6._o six_o our_o knowledge_n therefore_o narrow_a than_o our_o idea_n 7._o how_o far_o our_o knowledge_n reach_v 8._o first_o our_o knowledge_n of_o identity_n and_o diversity_n as_o far_o as_o our_o idea_n 9_o second_o of_o coexistence_n a_o very_a little_a way_n 10._o because_o the_o connexion_n between_o most_o simple_a idea_n be_v unknown_a 11._o especial_o of_o secondary_a quality_n 12_o 14._o and_o far_o because_o all_o connexion_n between_o any_o secondary_a aâ—d_a primary_n quality_n be_v undiscoverable_a 15._o of_o repugnancy_n to_o co-exist_a large_a 16._o of_o the_o coexistence_n of_o power_n a_o very_a little_a way_n 17._o of_o the_o spirit_n yet_o narrow_a 18._o three_o of_o other_o relation_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o say_v how_o far_o morality_n capable_a of_o demonstration_n 19_o two_o thing_n have_v make_v moral_a idea_n think_v uncapable_a of_o demonstration_n their_o complexedness_n and_o want_v of_o sensible_a representation_n 20._o remedy_n of_o those_o difficulty_n 21._o four_o of_o real_a existence_n we_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o demonstrative_a of_o god_n sensible_a of_o some_o few_o other_o thing_n 22._o our_o ignorance_n great_a 23._o first_o one_o cause_n of_o it_o want_v of_o idea_n either_o such_o as_o we_o have_v no_o conception_n of_o or_o such_o as_o particular_o we_o have_v not_o 24._o because_o of_o their_o remoteness_n or_o 25._o because_o of_o their_o minuteness_n 26._o hence_o no_o science_n of_o body_n 27._o much_o less_o of_o spirit_n 28._o second_o want_v of_o a_o discoverable_a connexion_n between_o idea_n we_o have_v 29._o instance_n 30._o three_o want_v of_o trace_v our_o idea_n 31._o extent_n in_o respect_n of_o universality_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o reality_n of_o our_o knowledge_n sect_n 1._o objection_n knowledge_n place_v in_o idea_n may_v be_v all_o bare_a vision_n 2_o 3._o answer_v not_o so_o where_o idea_n agree_v with_o thing_n 4._o as_o first_o all_o simple_a idea_n do_v 5._o second_o all_o complex_fw-la idea_n except_o of_o substance_n 6._o hence_o the_o reality_n of_o mathematical_a knowledge_n 7._o and_o of_o moral_a 8._o existence_n not_o require_v to_o make_v it_o real_a 9_o nor_o will_v it_o be_v less_o true_a or_o certain_a because_o moral_a idea_n be_v of_o our_o own_o make_n and_o name_v 10._o mis-naming_a disturb_v not_o the_o certainty_n of_o the_o knowledge_n 11._o idea_n of_o substance_n have_v their_o archetype_n without_o we_o 12._o so_o far_o as_o they_o agree_v with_o those_o so_o far_o our_o knowledge_n concern_v they_o be_v real_a 13._o in_o our_o inquiry_n about_o substance_n we_o must_v consider_v idea_n and_o not_o consine_n our_o thought_n to_o name_n or_o species_n suppose_v set_v out_o by_o name_n 14_o 17._o objection_n against_o a_o changeling_n be_v something_o between_o man_n and_o beast_n answer_v 18._o recapitulation_n chap._n v._o of_o truth_n in_o general_n sect_n 1._o what_o truth_n be_v 2._o a_o right_a join_n or_o separate_v of_o sign_n i_o e._n idea_n or_o word_n 3._o which_o make_v mental_a or_o verbal_a proposition_n 4._o mental_a proposition_n be_v very_o hard_a to_o be_v treat_v of_o 5_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o join_n or_o separate_a idea_n without_o word_n 6._o when_o mental_a proposition_n contain_v real_a truth_n and_o when_o verbal_a 7._o objection_n against_o verbal_a truth_n that_o it_o may_v be_v thus_o alchimerical_a 8._o answer_v real_a truth_n be_v about_o idea_n agree_v to_o thing_n 9_o falshood_n be_v the_o join_n of_o name_n otherwise_o than_o their_o idea_n agree_v 10._o general_a proposition_n to_o be_v treat_v of_o more_o at_o large_a 11._o moral_a and_o metaphysical_a truth_n chap._n vi_o of_o universal_a proposition_n their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n sect_n 1._o treat_v of_o word_n necessary_a to_o knowledge_n 2._o general_a truth_n hardly_o to_o be_v understand_v but_o in_o verbal_a proposition_n 3._o certainty_n twofold_n of_o truth_n and_o of_o knowledge_n 4._o no_o proposition_n can_v be_v know_v to_o be_v true_a where_o the_o essence_n of_o each_o species_n mention_v be_v not_o know_v 5._o this_o more_o particular_o concern_v substance_n 6._o the_o truth_n of_o few_o universal_a proposition_n concern_v substance_n be_v to_o be_v know_v 7._o because_o coexistence_n of_o idea_n in_o few_o case_n to_o be_v know_v 8_o 9_o instance_n in_o gold_n 10._o as_o far_o as_o any_o such_o coexistence_n can_v be_v know_v so_o far_o universal_a proposition_n may_v be_v certain_a but_o this_o will_v go_v but_o a_o little_a way_n because_o 11_o 12._o the_o quality_n which_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n depend_v most_o on_o external_a remote_a and_o unperceived_a cause_n 13._o judgement_n may_v reach_v far_o but_o that_o be_v not_o knowledge_n 14._o what_o be_v requisite_a for_o our_o knowledge_n of_o substance_n 15._o whilst_o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n contain_v not_o their_o real_a constitution_n we_o can_v make_v but_o few_o general_a certain_a proposition_n concern_v they_o 16._o wherein_o lie_v the_o general_a certainty_n of_o proposition_n chap._n vii_o of_o maxim_n sect_n 1._o they_o be_v self-evident_a 2._o wherein_o that_o self-evidence_n consist_v 3._o self-evidence_n not_o peculiar_a to_o receive_v axiom_n 4._o first_o as_o to_o identity_n and_o diversity_n all_o proposition_n be_v equal_o self-evident_a 5._o second_o in_o coexistence_n we_o have_v few_o self-evident_a proposition_n 6._o three_o in_o other_o relation_n we_o may_v have_v 7._o four_o concern_v real_a existence_n we_o have_v none_o 8._o these_o axiom_n do_v not_o much_o influence_n our_o other_o knowledge_n 9_o 10._o because_o they_o be_v not_o the_o truth_n the_o first_o know_v 11._o what_o use_v these_o general_a maxim_n have_v 12._o maxim_n if_o care_n be_v not_o take_v in_o the_o use_n of_o word_n may_v prove_v contradictioâ—s_n 13._o instance_n in_o vacuum_n 14._o they_o prove_v not_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n without_o we_o 15._o their_o application_n dangerous_a about_o complex_fw-la ideas_n 16_o 18_o instance_n in_o man._n 19_o little_a use_n of_o these_o maxim_n in_o proof_n where_o we_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n 20._o their_o use_n dangerous_a where_o our_o idea_n be_v confuse_v chap._n viii_o of_o trifle_a proposition_n sect_n 1._o some_o proposition_n bring_v no_o increase_n to_o our_o knowledge_n 2_o 3._o as_o first_o identical_a proposition_n 4._o second_o when_o a_o part_n of_o any_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v predicate_v of_o the_o whole_a 5._o as_o part_v of_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o define_v 6._o instance_n man_n and_o palfry_n 7._o for_o this_o teach_v but_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n 8._o but_o no_o real_a knowledge_n 9_o general_a proposition_n concern_v substance_n be_v often_o trifle_v 10._o and_o why_o 11._o three_o use_v word_n various_o be_v trifle_v with_o they_o 12._o mark_n of_o verbal_a proposition_n first_o predication_n in_o abstract_n 13._o second_o a_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n predicate_v of_o any_o term_n chap._n ix_o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o existence_n sect_n 1._o general_n certain_a proposition_n concern_v not_o existence_n 2._o a_o threefold_a knowledge_n of_o existence_n 3._o our_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o existence_n be_v intuitive_a chap._n x._o of_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god._n sect_n 1._o we_o be_v capable_a of_o know_v certain_o that_o there_o be_v a_o god._n 2._o man_n know_v that_o he_o himself_o be_v 3._o he_o know_v also_o that_o nothing_o can_v produce_v a_o be_v therefore_o something_o eternal_a 4._o that_o eternal_a be_v must_v be_v most_o powerful_a 5._o and_o most_o know_v 6._o and_o therefore_o god._n 7._o our_o idea_n of_o a_o most_o perfect_a be_v not_o the_o sole_a proof_n of_o a_o god._n 8._o something_o from_o eternity_n 9_o two_o sort_n of_o being_n cogitative_a and_o incogitative_a 10._o incogitative_a be_v can_v produce_v a_o cogitative_a 11_o 12._o therefore_o there_o have_v be_v a_o eternal_a wisdom_n 13._o whether_o material_a or_o no._n 14._o not_o material_a first_o because_o every_o particle_n of_o matter_n be_v not_o cogitative_a 15._o second_o one_o particle_n alone_o of_o matter_n can_v be_v cogitative_a 16._o three_o a_o system_fw-la of_o incogitative_a matter_n can_v be_v cogitative_a 17._o whether_o in_o motion_n or_o at_o rest_n 18_o 19_o matter_n not_o coeternal_a with_o a_o eternal_a mind_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o other_o thing_n sect_n 1._o be_v to_o be_v have_v only_o by_o sensation_n 2._o instance_n whiteness_n of_o this_o paper_n 3._o this_o though_o not_o so_o certain_a as_o demonstration_n yet_o may_v be_v call_v knowledge_n and_o prove_v the_o existence_n of_o thing_n without_o we_o 4._o first_o because_o we_o can_v have_v they_o but_o by_o the_o inlet_n of_o
precise_a essence_n according_a to_o which_o nature_n make_v all_o particular_a thing_n and_o by_o which_o they_o be_v distinguish_v into_o species_n that_o every_o thing_n have_v a_o real_a constitution_n whereby_o it_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o on_o which_o its_o sensible_a quality_n depend_v be_v past_a doubt_n but_o i_o think_v it_o have_v be_v prove_v that_o this_o make_v not_o the_o distinction_n of_o species_n as_o we_o rank_v they_o nor_o the_o boundary_n of_o their_o name_n second_o this_o tacit_o also_o insinuate_v as_o if_o we_o have_v idea_n of_o these_o propose_a essence_n for_o to_o what_o purpose_n else_o be_v it_o to_o inquire_v whether_o this_o or_o that_o thing_n have_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o the_o species_n man_n if_o we_o do_v not_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o specific_a essence_n know_v which_o yet_o be_v utter_o false_a and_o therefore_o such_o application_n of_o name_n as_o will_v make_v they_o stand_v for_o idea_n we_o have_v not_o must_v needs_o cause_v great_a disorder_n in_o discourse_n and_o reason_n about_o they_o and_o be_v a_o great_a inconvenience_n in_o our_o communication_n by_o word_n §_o 22._o six_o there_o remain_v yet_o another_o more_o general_a though_o perhaps_o less_o observe_v abuse_n of_o word_n and_o that_o be_v that_o man_n have_v by_o a_o long_a and_o familiar_a use_n annex_v to_o they_o certain_a idea_n they_o be_v apt_a to_o imagine_v so_o near_o and_o necessary_a a_o connexion_n between_o the_o name_n and_o the_o signification_n they_o use_v in_o they_o that_o they_o forward_o suppose_v one_o can_v but_o understand_v what_o their_o meaning_n be_v and_o therefore_o one_o ought_v to_o acquiesce_v in_o the_o word_n deliver_v as_o if_o it_o be_v past_a doubt_n that_o in_o the_o use_n of_o those_o common_a receive_a sound_n the_o speaker_n and_o hearer_n have_v necessary_o the_o same_o precise_a idea_n whence_o presume_v that_o when_o they_o have_v in_o discourse_n use_v any_o term_n they_o have_v thereby_o as_o it_o be_v set_v before_o other_o the_o very_a thing_n they_o talk_v of_o and_o so_o likewise_o take_v the_o word_n of_o other_o as_o natural_o stand_v for_o just_a what_o they_o themselves_o have_v be_v accustom_v to_o apply_v they_o to_o they_o never_o trouble_v themselves_o to_o explain_v their_o own_o or_o understand_v clear_o other_o meaning_n from_o whence_o common_o proceed_v noise_n and_o wrangle_a without_o improvement_n or_o information_n whilst_o man_n take_v word_n to_o be_v the_o constant_a regular_a mark_n of_o agree_v notion_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v no_o more_o but_o the_o voluntary_a and_o unsteady_a sign_n of_o their_o own_o idea_n and_o yet_o man_n think_v it_o strange_a if_o in_o discourse_n or_o where_o it_o be_v often_o absolute_o necessary_a in_o dispute_n one_o sometime_o ask_v the_o meaning_n of_o their_o term_n though_o the_o arguing_n one_o may_v every_o day_n observe_v in_o conversation_n make_v it_o evident_a that_o there_o be_v few_o name_n of_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o any_o two_o man_n use_v for_o the_o same_o just_a precise_a collection_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o name_v a_o word_n which_o will_v not_o be_v a_o clear_a instance_n of_o this_o life_n be_v a_o term_n none_o more_o familiar_a any_o one_o almost_o will_v take_v it_o for_o a_o affront_n to_o be_v ask_v what_o he_o mean_v by_o it_o and_o yet_o if_o it_o come_v in_o question_n whether_o a_o plant_n that_o lie_v ready_a form_v in_o the_o seed_n have_v life_n whether_o the_o embryo_n in_o a_o egg_n before_o incubation_n or_o a_o man_n in_o a_o swoon_n without_o sense_n or_o motion_n be_v alive_a or_o no_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o perceive_v that_o a_o câ—ear_v distinct_a settle_a idea_n do_v not_o always_o accompany_v the_o use_n of_o so_o know_v a_o word_n as_o that_o of_o life_n be_v some_o gross_a and_o confuse_a conception_n man_n indeed_o ordinary_o have_v to_o which_o they_o apply_v the_o common_a word_n of_o their_o language_n and_o that_o serve_v they_o well_o enough_o in_o their_o ordinary_a discourse_n and_o affair_n but_o this_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o philosophical_a inquiry_n knowledge_n and_o reason_v require_v precise_a determinate_a idea_n and_o though_o man_n will_v not_o not_o be_v so_o importunate_o dull_a as_o not_o to_o understand_v what_o other_o say_v without_o demand_v a_o explication_n of_o their_o term_n nor_o so_o troublesome_o critical_a as_o to_o correct_v other_o in_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n they_o receive_v from_o they_o yet_o where_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n be_v concern_v in_o the_o case_n i_o know_v not_o what_o fault_n it_o can_v be_v to_o desire_v the_o explication_n of_o word_n who_o sense_n seem_v dubious_a or_o why_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v ashamed_a to_o own_o his_o ignorance_n in_o what_o sense_n another_o man_n use_v his_o word_n since_o he_o have_v no_o other_o way_n of_o certain_o know_v it_o but_o by_o be_v inform_v this_o abuse_n of_o take_v word_n upon_o trust_n have_v no_o where_o spread_v so_o far_o nor_o with_o so_o ill_a effect_n as_o among_o man_n of_o letter_n the_o multiplication_n and_o obstinacy_n of_o dispute_n which_o have_v so_o lay_v waste_v the_o intellectual_a world_n be_v owe_v to_o nothing_o more_o than_o to_o this_o ill_a use_n of_o word_n for_o though_o it_o be_v general_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n of_o opinion_n in_o the_o volume_n and_o variety_n of_o controversy_n the_o world_n be_v distract_v with_o yet_o the_o most_o i_o can_v find_v that_o the_o contend_v learned_a man_n of_o different_a party_n do_v in_o their_o arguing_n one_o with_o another_o be_v that_o they_o speak_v different_a language_n for_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o imagine_v that_o when_o any_o of_o they_o quit_v term_n think_v upon_o thing_n and_o know_v what_o they_o think_v they_o think_v all_o the_o same_o though_o perhaps_o what_o they_o will_v have_v be_v different_a §_o 23._o to_o conclude_v this_o consideration_n of_o the_o imperfection_n and_o abuse_v oâ—_n language_n the_o end_n of_o language_n in_o our_o discourse_n with_o other_o be_v chief_o these_o three_o first_o to_o make_v know_v one_o man_n thought_n or_o idea_n to_o another_o second_o to_o do_v it_o with_o as_o much_o ease_n and_o quickness_n as_o be_v possible_a and_o three_o thereby_o to_o convey_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n language_n be_v either_o abuse_v or_o deficient_a when_o it_o fail_v in_o any_o of_o these_o three_o first_o word_n fail_v in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o end_n and_o lay_v not_o open_a one_o man_n idea_n to_o another_o view_n first_o when_o man_n have_v name_n in_o their_o mouth_n without_o any_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n in_o their_o mind_n whereof_o they_o be_v the_o signsâ—_n or_o second_o when_o they_o apply_v the_o common_a receive_v name_n of_o any_o language_n to_o idea_n to_o which_o the_o common_a use_n of_o that_o language_n do_v not_o apply_v they_o or_o three_o when_o they_o apply_v they_o very_o unsteady_o make_v they_o stand_v now_o for_o one_o and_o by_o and_o by_o for_o another_o idea_n §_o 24._o second_o man_n fail_v of_o convey_v their_o thought_n with_o all_o the_o quickness_n and_o ease_n that_o may_v be_v when_o they_o have_v complex_fw-la ideas_n without_o have_v distinct_a name_n for_o they_o this_o be_v sometime_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o language_n itself_o which_o have_v not_o in_o it_o a_o sound_v yet_o apply_v to_o such_o a_o signification_n and_o sometime_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o man_n who_o have_v not_o yet_o learned_a the_o name_n for_o the_o idea_n he_o will_v show_v another_o §_o 25._o three_o there_o be_v no_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n convey_v by_o man_n word_n when_o their_o idea_n agree_v not_o to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n though_o it_o be_v a_o defect_n that_o have_v its_o original_a in_o our_o idea_n which_o be_v not_o so_o conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o attention_n study_n and_o application_n may_v make_v they_o yet_o it_o fail_v not_o to_o extend_v itself_o to_o our_o word_n too_o when_o we_o use_v they_o as_o sign_n of_o real_a being_n which_o yet_o never_o have_v any_o reality_n or_o existence_n §_o 26._o first_o he_o that_o have_v word_n of_o any_o language_n without_o distinct_a idea_n in_o his_o mind_n to_o which_o he_o apply_v they_o do_v so_o far_o as_o he_o use_v they_o in_o discourse_n only_o make_v a_o noise_n without_o any_o sense_n or_o signification_n and_o how_o learned_a soever_o he_o may_v seem_v by_o the_o use_n of_o hard_a word_n or_o learned_a term_n be_v not_o much_o more_o advance_v thereby_o in_o knowledge_n than_o he_o will_v be_v in_o learning_n who_o have_v nothing_o in_o his_o study_n but_o the_o bare_a title_n of_o book_n without_o possess_v the_o content_n of_o they_o for_o all_o such_o word_n however_o put_v into_o discourse_n according_a to_o the_o
right_a construction_n of_o grammatical_a rule_n or_o the_o harmony_n of_o well_o turn_v period_n do_v yet_o amount_v to_o nothing_o but_o bare_a sound_n and_o nothing_o else_o §_o 27._o second_o he_o that_o have_v complex_fw-la ideas_n without_o particular_a name_n for_o they_o will_v be_v in_o no_o better_a a_o case_n than_o a_o bookseller_n who_o have_v in_o his_o warehouse_n volume_n that_o lay_v there_o unbound_v and_o without_o title_n which_o he_o can_v therefore_o make_v know_v to_o other_o only_o by_o show_v the_o loose_a sheet_n and_o communicate_v they_o only_o by_o tale._n this_o man_n be_v hinder_v in_o his_o discourse_n for_o want_v of_o word_n to_o communicate_v his_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o he_o be_v therefore_o force_v to_o make_v know_v by_o a_o enumeration_n of_o the_o simple_a one_o that_o compose_v they_o and_o so_o be_v say_v often_o to_o use_v twenty_o word_n to_o express_v what_o another_o man_n signify_v in_o one_o §_o 28._o three_o he_o that_o use_v not_o constant_o the_o same_o sign_n for_o the_o same_o idea_n but_o use_v the_o same_o word_n sometime_o in_o one_o and_o sometime_o in_o another_o signification_n aught_o to_o pass_v in_o the_o school_n and_o conversation_n for_o as_o fair_a a_o man_n as_o he_o do_v in_o the_o market_n and_o exchange_n who_o sell_v several_a thing_n under_o the_o same_o name_n §_o 29._o four_o he_o that_o apply_v the_o word_n of_o any_o language_n to_o idea_n different_a from_o those_o to_o which_o the_o common_a use_n of_o that_o country_n apply_v they_o however_o his_o own_o understanding_n may_v be_v fill_v with_o truth_n and_o light_n will_v not_o by_o such_o word_n be_v able_a to_o convey_v one_o jot_n of_o it_o to_o other_o without_o define_v for_o however_o the_o sound_n be_v such_o as_o be_v familiar_o know_v and_o easy_o enter_v the_o ear_n of_o those_o who_o be_v accustom_v to_o they_o yet_o stand_v for_o other_o idea_n than_o they_o usual_o make_v they_o the_o sign_n of_o they_o can_v make_v know_v his_o thought_n who_o use_v they_o §_o 30._o five_o he_o that_o have_v idea_n of_o substance_n which_o never_o exist_v nor_o have_v any_o correspondence_n with_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n to_o which_o he_o give_v settle_v and_o define_v name_n may_v fill_v his_o discourse_n and_o perhaps_o another_o man_n head_n with_o the_o fantastical_a imagination_n of_o his_o own_o brain_n but_o will_v be_v very_o far_o from_o advance_v thereby_o one_o jot_n in_o real_a and_o true_a knowledge_n §_o 31._o he_o that_o have_v name_n without_o idea_n want_v meaning_n in_o his_o word_n and_o speak_v only_o empty_a sound_n he_o that_o have_v complex_fw-la ideas_n without_o name_n for_o they_o want_v liberty_n and_o dispatch_v in_o his_o expression_n and_o be_v necessitate_v to_o use_v periphrasis_n he_o that_o use_v his_o word_n loose_o and_o unsteady_o will_v either_o be_v not_o mind_v or_o not_o understand_v he_o that_o apply_v his_o name_n to_o idea_n different_a from_o their_o common_a use_n want_v propriety_n in_o his_o language_n and_o speak_v gibberish_n and_o he_o that_o have_v idea_n of_o substance_n disagree_v with_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n so_o far_o want_v the_o material_n of_o true_a knowledge_n in_o his_o understanding_n and_o have_v instead_o thereof_o chimera_n §_o 32._o in_o our_o notion_n concern_v substance_n we_o be_v liable_a to_o all_o the_o former_a inconvenience_n v_o g._n 1._o he_o that_o use_v the_o word_n tarantula_n without_o have_v any_o imagination_n or_o idea_n of_o what_o it_o stand_v for_o pronounce_v a_o good_a word_n but_o so_o long_o mean_v nothing_o at_o all_o by_o it_o 2._o he_o that_o in_o a_o new-discovered_n country_n shall_v see_v several_a sort_n of_o animal_n and_o vegetable_n unknown_a to_o he_o before_o may_v have_v as_o true_a idea_n of_o they_o as_o of_o a_o horse_n or_o a_o stag_n but_o can_v speak_v of_o they_o only_o by_o a_o description_n till_o he_o shall_v either_o take_v the_o name_n the_o native_n call_v they_o by_o or_o give_v they_o one_o himself_o 3._o he_o that_o use_v the_o word_n body_n sometime_o for_o pure_a extension_n and_o sometime_o for_o extension_n and_o solidity_n together_o will_v talk_v very_o fallacious_o 4._o he_o that_o give_v the_o name_n horse_n to_o that_o idea_n which_o common_a usage_n call_v mule_n talk_v improper_o and_o will_v not_o be_v understand_v 5._o he_o that_o think_v the_o name_n centaur_n stand_v for_o some_o real_a be_v impose_v on_o himself_o and_o mistake_v word_n for_o thing_n §_o 33._o in_o modes_n and_o relation_n general_o we_o be_v liable_a only_o to_o the_o four_o first_o of_o these_o inconvenience_n viz._n 1._o i_o may_v have_v in_o my_o memory_n the_o name_n of_o modes_n as_o gratitude_n or_o charity_n and_o yet_o not_o have_v any_o precise_a idea_n annex_v in_o my_o thought_n to_o those_o name_n 2._o i_o may_v have_v idea_n and_o not_o know_v the_o name_n that_o belong_v to_o they_o v_o g._n i_o may_v have_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o man_n drink_v till_o his_o colour_n and_o humour_n be_v alter_v till_o his_o tongue_n trip_v and_o his_o eye_n look_v red_a and_o his_o foot_n fail_v he_o and_o yet_o not_o know_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v call_v drunkenness_n 3._o i_o may_v have_v the_o idea_n of_o virtue_n or_o vice_n and_o name_n also_o but_o apply_v they_o amiss_o v_o g._n when_o i_o apply_v the_o name_n frugality_n to_o that_o idea_n which_o other_o call_v and_o signify_v by_o this_o sound_n covetousness_n 4._o i_o may_v use_v any_o of_o those_o name_n with_o inconstancy_n 5._o but_o in_o modes_n and_o relation_n i_o can_v have_v idea_n disagree_v to_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n for_o modes_n be_v complex_fw-la ideas_n make_v by_o the_o mind_n at_o pleasure_n and_o relation_n be_v but_o my_o way_n of_o consider_v or_o compare_v two_o thing_n together_o and_o so_o also_o a_o idea_n oâ—_n my_o own_o make_n these_o idea_n can_v scarce_o be_v sound_a to_o disagree_v with_o any_o thing_n exist_v since_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o mind_n as_o the_o copy_n of_o thing_n regular_o make_v by_o nature_n nor_o as_o property_n inseparable_o slow_v from_o the_o internal_a constitution_n or_o essence_n of_o any_o substance_n but_o as_o it_o be_v pattern_n lodge_v in_o my_o memory_n with_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o to_o denominate_v action_n and_o relation_n by_o as_o they_o come_v to_o exist_v but_o the_o mistake_n be_v common_o in_o my_o give_v a_o wrong_a name_n to_o my_o conception_n and_o so_o use_v word_n in_o a_o different_a sense_n from_o other_o people_n i_o be_o not_o understand_v but_o be_o think_v to_o have_v wrong_a idea_n of_o they_o when_o i_o give_v wrong_a name_n to_o they_o only_o if_o i_o put_v in_o my_o idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n or_o relation_n any_o inconsistent_a idea_n together_o i_o fill_v my_o head_n also_o with_o chimera_n since_o such_o idea_n if_o well_o examine_v can_v so_o much_o as_o exist_v in_o the_o mind_n much_o less_o any_o real_a be_v be_v ever_o denominate_v from_o they_o §_o 34._o since_o wit_n and_o fancy_n find_v easy_a entertainment_n in_o the_o world_n than_o dry_a truth_n and_o real_a knowledge_n figurative_a speech_n and_o allusion_n in_o language_n will_v hardly_o be_v admit_v as_o a_o imperfection_n or_o abuse_n of_o it_o i_o confess_v in_o discourse_n where_o we_o seek_v rather_o pleasure_n and_o delight_n than_o information_n and_o improvement_n such_o ornament_n as_o be_v borrow_v from_o they_o can_v scarce_o pass_v for_o fault_n but_o yet_o if_o we_o will_v speak_v of_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v we_o must_v allow_v that_o all_o the_o art_n of_o rhetoric_n beside_o order_n and_o clearness_n all_o the_o artificial_a and_o figurative_a application_n of_o word_n eloquence_n have_v invent_v be_v for_o nothing_o else_o but_o to_o insinuate_v wrong_a idea_n move_v the_o passion_n and_o thereby_o mislead_v the_o judgement_n and_o so_o indeed_o be_v perfect_a cheat_n and_o therefore_o however_o laudable_a or_o allowable_a oratory_n may_v render_v they_o in_o harangue_n and_o popular_a address_n they_o be_v certain_o in_o all_o discourse_n that_o pretend_v to_o inform_v and_o instruct_v whole_o to_o be_v avoid_v and_o where_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n be_v concern_v can_v but_o be_v think_v a_o great_a fault_n either_o of_o the_o language_n or_o person_n that_o make_v use_v of_o they_o what_o and_o how_o various_a they_o be_v i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o to_o take_v notice_n the_o book_n of_o rhetoric_n which_o abound_v in_o the_o world_n will_v inform_v those_o who_o want_v to_o be_v inform_v only_o i_o can_v but_o observe_v how_o little_a the_o preservation_n and_o improvement_n of_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n be_v the_o care_n and_o concern_v of_o mankind_n since_o the_o art_n of_o fallacy_n be_v endow_v and_o prefer_v and_o it_o
in_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n themselves_o without_o reflect_v on_o the_o name_n but_o when_o we_o will_v consider_v or_o make_v proposition_n about_o the_o more_o complex_fw-la idea_n as_o of_o a_o man_n vitriol_n fortitude_n glory_n we_o usual_o put_v the_o name_n for_o the_o idea_n because_o the_o idea_n these_o name_n stand_v for_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n imperfect_a confuse_a and_o undetermined_a we_o reflect_v on_o the_o name_n themselves_o because_o they_o be_v more_o clear_a certain_a and_o distinct_a and_o ready_a occur_v to_o our_o thought_n than_o the_o pure_a idea_n and_o so_o we_o make_v use_v of_o these_o word_n instead_o of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o even_o when_o we_o will_v meditate_v and_o reason_n within_o ourselves_o and_o make_v tacit_n mental_a proposition_n in_o substance_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v this_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o imperfection_n of_o our_o idea_n we_o make_v the_o name_n stand_v for_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o which_o we_o have_v no_o idea_n at_o all_o in_o modes_n it_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o go_v to_o the_o make_v they_o up_o for_o many_o of_o they_o be_v very_o much_o compound_v the_o name_n occurr_n much_o easy_a than_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n itself_o which_o require_v time_n and_o attention_n to_o be_v recollect_v and_o exact_o represent_v to_o the_o mind_n even_o in_o those_o man_n who_o have_v former_o be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o do_v it_o and_o be_v utter_o impossible_a to_o be_v do_v by_o those_o who_o though_o they_o have_v ready_a in_o their_o memory_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o common_a word_n of_o their_o language_n yet_o perhaps_o never_o trouble_v themselves_o in_o all_o their_o life_n to_o consider_v what_o precise_a idea_n the_o most_o of_o they_o stand_v for_o some_o confuse_a or_o obscure_a notion_n have_v serve_v their_o turn_n and_o many_o who_o talk_v very_o much_o of_o religion_n and_o conscience_n of_o church_n and_o faith_n of_o power_n and_o right_n of_o obstruction_n and_o humour_n melancholy_a and_o choler_n will_v perhaps_o have_v little_o leave_v in_o their_o thought_n and_o meditation_n if_o one_o shall_v desire_v they_o to_o think_v only_o of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o lay_v by_o those_o word_n with_o which_o they_o so_o often_o confound_v other_o and_o not_o seldom_o themselves_o also_o §_o 5._o but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o truth_n we_o must_v i_o say_v observe_v two_o sort_n of_o proposition_n that_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o make_v first_o mental_a wherein_o the_o idea_n in_o our_o understanding_n be_v without_o the_o use_n of_o word_n put_v together_o or_o separate_v by_o the_o mind_n perceive_v or_o judge_v of_o their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n second_o verbal_a proposition_n which_o be_v word_n the_o sign_n of_o our_o idea_n put_v together_o or_o separate_v in_o affirmative_a or_o negative_a sentence_n by_o which_o way_n of_o affirm_v or_o deny_v these_o sign_n make_v by_o sound_n be_v as_o it_o be_v put_v together_o or_o separate_a one_o from_o another_o so_o that_o proposition_n consist_v in_o join_v or_o separate_a sign_n and_o truth_n consist_v in_o the_o put_n together_o or_o separate_v these_o sign_n according_a as_o the_o thing_n they_o stand_v for_o agree_v or_o disagree_v §_o 6._o every_o one_o experience_n will_v satisfy_v he_o that_o the_o mind_n either_o by_o perceive_v or_o suppose_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o its_o idea_n do_v tacit_o within_o itself_o put_v they_o into_o a_o kind_n of_o proposition_n affirmative_a or_o negative_a which_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o express_v by_o the_o term_n put_v together_o and_o separate_a but_o this_o action_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v so_o familiar_a to_o every_o think_v and_o reason_v man_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v conceive_v by_o reflect_v on_o what_o pass_v in_o we_o when_o we_o reason_n judge_n or_o suppose_v than_o to_o be_v explain_v by_o word_n when_o a_o man_n have_v in_o his_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o two_o line_n viz._n the_o side_n and_o diagonal_a of_o a_o square_a whereof_o the_o diagonal_a be_v a_o inch_n long_o he_o may_v have_v the_o idea_n also_o of_o the_o division_n of_o that_o line_n into_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o equal_a part_n v_o g._n into_o five_o ten_o a_o hundred_o a_o thousand_o or_o any_o other_o number_n and_o may_v have_v the_o idea_n of_o that_o inch-line_n be_v divisible_a or_o not_o divisible_a into_o such_o equal_a part_n as_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o they_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o side-line_n now_o whenever_o he_o perceive_v believe_v or_o suppose_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o divisibility_n to_o agree_v or_o disagree_v to_o his_o idea_n of_o that_o line_n he_o as_o it_o be_v joins_z or_o separate_v those_o two_o idea_n viz._n the_o idea_n of_o that_o line_n and_o the_o idea_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o divisibility_n and_o so_o make_v a_o mental_a proposition_n which_o be_v true_a or_o false_a according_a as_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o divisibility_n a_o divisibility_n into_o such_o aliquot_fw-la part_n do_v real_o agree_v to_o that_o line_n or_o no_o and_o when_o idea_n be_v so_o put_v together_o or_o separate_v in_o the_o mind_n as_o they_o or_o the_o thing_n they_o stand_v for_o do_v agree_v or_o not_o that_o be_v as_o i_o may_v call_v it_o mental_a truth_n but_o truth_n of_o word_n be_v something_o more_o and_o that_o be_v the_o affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o word_n one_o of_o another_o as_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o agree_v or_o disagree_v and_o this_o again_o be_v be_v twofold_a either_o pure_o verbal_a and_o trifle_v which_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o chap._n 10._o or_o real_a and_o instructive_a which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o that_o real_a knowledge_n which_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o already_o §_o 7._o but_o here_o again_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o occur_v the_o same_o doubt_n about_o truth_n that_o do_v about_o knowledge_n and_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o if_o truth_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o join_n or_o separate_n of_o word_n in_o proposition_n as_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o agree_v or_o disagree_v in_o man_n mind_n the_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n be_v not_o so_o valuable_a a_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v nor_o worth_a the_o pain_n and_o time_n man_n employ_v in_o the_o search_n of_o it_o since_o by_o this_o account_n it_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o the_o conformity_n of_o word_n to_o the_o chimera_n of_o man_n brain_n who_o know_v not_o what_o odd_a notion_n many_o man_n head_n be_v fill_v with_o and_o what_o strange_a idea_n all_o man_n brain_n be_v capable_a of_o but_o if_o we_o rest_v here_o we_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o nothing_o by_o this_o rule_n but_o of_o the_o visionary_a world_n in_o our_o own_o imagination_n nor_o have_v other_o truth_n but_o what_o as_o much_o concern_v harpy_n and_o centaur_n as_o man_n and_o horse_n for_o those_o and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v idea_n in_o our_o head_n and_o have_v their_o agreement_n and_o disagreement_n there_o as_o well_o as_o the_o idea_n of_o real_a being_n and_o so_o have_v as_o true_a proposition_n make_v about_o they_o and_o it_o will_v be_v altogether_o as_o true_a a_o proposition_n to_o say_v all_o centauri_n be_v animal_n as_o that_o all_o man_n be_v animal_n and_o the_o certainty_n of_o one_o as_o great_a as_o the_o other_o for_o in_o both_o the_o proposition_n the_o word_n be_v put_v together_o according_a to_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o animal_n with_o that_o of_o centaur_n be_v as_o clear_v and_o visible_a to_o the_o mind_n as_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o animal_n with_o that_o of_o man_n and_o so_o these_o two_o proposition_n be_v equal_o true_a equal_o certain_a but_o of_o what_o use_n be_v all_o such_o truth_n to_o we_o §_o 8._o though_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n to_o distinguish_v real_a from_o imaginary_a knowledge_n may_v suffice_v here_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o doubt_n to_o distinguish_v real_a truth_n from_o chimerical_a or_o if_o you_o please_v bare_o nominal_a they_o depend_v both_o on_o the_o same_o foundation_n yet_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o again_o to_o consider_v that_o though_o our_o word_n signify_v nothing_o but_o our_o idea_n yet_o be_v design_v by_o they_o to_o signify_v thing_n the_o truth_n they_o contain_v when_o put_v into_o proposition_n will_v be_v only_o verbal_a when_o they_o stand_v for_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n that_o have_v not_o a_o agreement_n with_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n and_o therefore_o truth_n as_o well_o as_o knowledge_n may_v well_o come_v under_o the_o distinction_n of_o verbal_n and_o real_a that_o be_v only_o verbal_a truth_n
wherein_o term_n be_v join_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o without_o regard_v whether_o our_o idea_n be_v such_o as_o real_o have_v or_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v a_o exstence_n in_o nature_n but_o than_o it_o be_v they_o contain_v real_a truth_n when_o these_o sign_n be_v join_v as_o our_o idea_n agree_v and_o when_o our_o idea_n be_v such_o as_o we_o know_v be_v capable_a of_o have_v a_o existence_n in_o nature_n which_o in_o substance_n we_o can_v know_v but_o by_o know_v that_o such_o have_v exi_v §_o 9_o truth_n be_v the_o mark_v down_o in_o word_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n as_o it_o be_v falshood_n be_v the_o mark_v down_o in_o word_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v and_o so_o far_o as_o these_o idea_n thus_o mark_v by_o sound_n agree_v to_o their_o archetype_n so_o far_o only_o be_v the_o truth_n real_a the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o truth_n consist_v in_o know_v what_o idea_n the_o word_n stand_v for_o and_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o those_o idea_n according_a as_o it_o be_v mark_v by_o these_o word_n §_o 10._o but_o because_o word_n be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o great_a conduit_n of_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n and_o that_o in_o convey_v and_o receive_v of_o truth_n and_o common_o in_o reason_v about_o it_o we_o make_v use_v of_o word_n and_o proposition_n i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a inquire_v wherein_o the_o certainty_n of_o real_a truth_n contain_v in_o proposition_n consist_v and_o where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o endeavour_v to_o show_v in_o what_o sort_n of_o universal_a proposition_n we_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v certain_a of_o their_o real_a truth_n or_o falshood_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o general_a proposition_n as_o those_o which_o most_o employ_v our_o thought_n and_o exercise_v our_o contemplation_n general_a truth_n be_v most_o look_v after_o by_o the_o mind_n as_o those_o that_o most_o enlarge_v our_o knowledge_n and_o by_o their_o comprehensiveness_n satisfy_v we_o at_o once_o of_o many_o particular_n enlarge_v our_o view_n and_o shorten_v our_o way_n to_o knowledge_n §_o 11._o beside_o truth_n take_v in_o the_o strict_a sense_n beforementioned_a there_o be_v other_o sort_n of_o truth_n as_o 1._o moral_a truth_n which_o be_v speak_v thing_n according_a to_o the_o persuasion_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n though_o the_o proposition_n we_o speak_v agree_v not_o to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n 2._o metaphysical_a truth_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n conformable_a to_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o we_o have_v annex_v their_o name_n this_o though_o it_o seem_v to_o consist_v in_o the_o very_a being_n of_o thing_n yet_o when_o consider_v a_o little_a near_o will_v appear_v to_o include_v a_o tacit_n proposition_n whereby_o the_o mind_n join_v that_o particular_a thing_n to_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v before_o settle_v with_o a_o name_n to_o it_o but_o these_o consideration_n of_o truth_n either_o have_v be_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o or_o not_o be_v much_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n it_o may_v suffice_v here_o only_o to_o have_v mention_v they_o chap._n vi_o of_o universal_a proposition_n their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n §_o 1._o though_o the_o examine_n and_o judge_v of_o idea_n by_o themselves_o their_o name_n be_v quite_o lay_v aside_o be_v the_o best_a and_o sure_a way_n to_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n yet_o through_o the_o prevail_a custom_n of_o use_v sound_n for_o idea_n i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o seldom_o practise_v and_o every_o one_o may_v observe_v how_o common_a it_o be_v for_o name_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o even_o when_o man_n think_v and_o reason_n within_o their_o own_o breast_n especial_o if_o the_o idea_n be_v very_o complex_fw-la and_o make_v up_o of_o a_o great_a collection_n of_o simple_a one_o this_o make_v the_o consideration_n of_o word_n and_o proposition_n so_o necessary_a a_o part_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o speak_v intelligible_o of_o the_o one_o without_o explain_v the_o other_o §_o 2._o all_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v be_v only_o of_o particular_a or_o general_a truth_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o whatever_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o the_o latter_a which_o be_v that_o which_o with_o reason_n be_v most_o seek_v after_o can_v never_o be_v well_o make_v know_v and_o be_v very_o seldom_o apprehend_v but_o as_o conceive_v and_o express_v in_o word_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o out_o of_o our_o way_n in_o the_o examination_n of_o our_o knowledge_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o truth_n and_o certainty_n of_o universal_a proposition_n §_o 3._o but_o that_o we_o may_v not_o be_v mislead_v in_o this_o case_n by_o that_o which_o be_v the_o danger_n everywhere_o i_o mean_v by_o the_o doubtfulness_n of_o term_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o observe_v that_o certainty_n be_v twofold_a certainty_n of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n of_o knowledge_n certainty_n of_o truth_n be_v when_o word_n be_v so_o put_v together_o in_o proposition_n as_o exact_o to_o express_v agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o as_o real_o it_o be_v certainty_n of_o knowledge_n be_v to_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n as_o express_v in_o any_o proposition_n this_o we_o usual_o call_v know_v or_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o proposition_n §_o 4._o now_o because_o we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o general_a proposition_n unless_o we_o know_v the_o precise_a bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o species_n its_o term_n stand_v for_o it_o be_v necessary_a we_o shall_v know_v the_o essence_n of_o each_o species_n which_o be_v that_o which_o constitute_v and_o bound_n it_o this_o in_o all_o simple_a idea_n and_o modes_n be_v not_o hard_a to_o do_v for_o in_o these_o the_o real_a and_o nominal_a essence_n be_v the_o same_o or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o the_o abstract_n idea_n the_o general_a term_n stand_v for_o be_v the_o sole_a essence_n and_o boundary_a that_o be_v or_o can_v be_v suppose_v of_o the_o species_n there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n how_o far_o the_o species_n extend_v or_o what_o thing_n be_v comprehend_v under_o each_o term_n which_o it_o be_v evident_a be_v all_o that_o have_v a_o exact_a conformity_n with_o the_o idea_n it_o stand_v for_o and_o no_o other_o but_o in_o substance_n where_o a_o real_a essence_n distinct_a from_o the_o nominal_a be_v suppose_v to_o constitute_v determine_v and_o bind_v the_o species_n there_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o general_a word_n be_v very_o uncertain_a because_o not_o know_v this_o real_a essence_n we_o can_v know_v what_o be_v or_o be_v not_o of_o that_o species_n and_o consequent_o what_o may_v or_o may_v not_o with_o certainty_n be_v affirm_v of_o it_o and_o thus_o speak_v of_o a_o man_n or_o gold_n or_o any_o other_o species_n of_o natural_a substance_n as_o suppose_v make_v by_o nature_n and_o partake_v of_o that_o real_a essence_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o constitute_v that_o species_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n make_v of_o it_o for_o man_n or_o gold_n take_v in_o this_o sense_n and_o use_v for_o species_n of_o thing_n constitute_v by_o real_a essence_n different_a from_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n stand_v for_o we_o know_v not_o what_o and_o the_o extent_n of_o these_o species_n with_o such_o boundary_n be_v so_o unknown_a and_o undetermined_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a with_o any_o certainty_n to_o affirm_v that_o all_o man_n be_v rational_a or_o that_o all_o gold_n be_v yellow_a but_o where_o the_o nominal_a essence_n be_v keep_v to_o as_o the_o boundary_a of_o each_o species_n and_o man_n extend_v the_o application_n of_o any_o general_a term_n no_o far_o than_o to_o the_o particular_a thing_n in_o which_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n it_o stand_v for_o be_v to_o be_v find_v there_o they_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n to_o mistake_v the_o bound_n of_o each_o species_n or_o be_v in_o doubt_n on_o this_o account_n whether_o any_o proposition_n be_v true_a or_o no._n i_o have_v choose_v to_o explain_v this_o uncertainty_n of_o proposition_n in_o this_o scholastic_a way_n and_o have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o term_n of_o essence_n and_o species_n on_o purpose_n to_o show_v the_o absurdity_n and_o inconvenience_n there_o be_v to_o think_v of_o they_o as_o of_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o reality_n than_o bare_o abstract_a idea_n with_o name_n to_o they_o to_o suppose_v that_o the_o species_n of_o thing_n be_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o sort_n of_o they_o under_o general_a name_n according_a as_o they_o
different_a idea_n to_o be_v different_a idea_n for_o when_o a_o man_n have_v in_o his_o understanding_n the_o idea_n of_o one_o and_o of_o two_o the_o idea_n of_o yellow_a and_o the_o idea_n of_o blue_n he_o can_v but_o certain_o know_v that_o the_o idea_n of_o one_o be_v the_o idea_n of_o one_o and_o not_o the_o idea_n of_o two_o and_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o yellow_a be_v the_o idea_n of_o yellow_a and_o not_o the_o idea_n of_o blue_n for_o a_o man_n can_v confound_v the_o idea_n in_o his_o mind_n which_o he_o have_v distinct_a that_o will_v be_v to_o have_v they_o confuse_a and_o distinct_a at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o be_v a_o contradiction_n and_o to_o have_v none_o distinct_a be_v to_o have_v no_o use_n of_o our_o faculty_n to_o have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o and_o therefore_o what_o idea_n soever_o be_v affirm_v of_o itself_o or_o whatsoever_o two_o entire_a distinct_a idea_n be_v deny_v one_o of_o another_o the_o mind_n can_v but_o assent_v to_o such_o a_o proposition_n as_o infallible_o true_a as_o soon_o as_o it_o understand_v the_o term_n without_o hesititation_n or_o need_n of_o proof_n or_o regard_v those_o make_v in_o more_o general_a term_n and_o call_v maxim_n §_o 11._o what_o shall_v we_o then_o say_v be_v these_o general_a maxim_n of_o no_o use_n yes_o they_o be_v of_o great_a use_n in_o dispute_n to_o stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o wrangler_n but_o not_o of_o much_o use_n to_o the_o discovery_n of_o unknown_a truth_n or_o to_o help_v the_o mind_n forward_o in_o its_o search_n after_o knowledge_n for_o whoever_o begin_v to_o build_v his_o knowledge_n on_o this_o general_a proposition_n what_o be_v be_v or_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v and_o from_o either_o of_o these_o as_o from_o a_o principle_n of_o science_n deduce_v a_o system_fw-la of_o useful_a knowledge_n wrong_n opinion_n often_o involve_v contradiction_n one_o of_o these_o maxim_n as_o a_o touchstone_n may_v serve_v well_o to_o show_v whither_o they_o lead_v but_o yet_o however_o fit_v to_o lay_v open_a the_o absurdity_n or_o mistake_n of_o a_o man_n reason_v or_o opinion_n they_o be_v of_o very_o little_a use_n for_o enlighten_v the_o understanding_n and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v find_v that_o the_o mind_n receive_v much_o help_n from_o they_o in_o its_o progress_n in_o knowledge_n which_o will_v be_v neither_o less_o nor_o less_o certain_a be_v these_o two_o general_a proposition_n never_o think_v on_o it_o be_v true_a as_o i_o have_v say_v they_o sometime_o serve_v in_o argumentation_n to_o stop_v a_o wrangler_n mouth_n by_o show_v the_o absurdity_n of_o his_o opinion_n but_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o show_v a_o man_n that_o he_o be_v in_o a_o error_n and_o another_o to_o put_v he_o in_o possession_n of_o truth_n and_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v what_o truth_n these_o proposition_n be_v able_a to_o teach_v and_o by_o their_o influence_n make_v we_o know_v which_o we_o do_v not_o know_v before_o or_o can_v not_o know_v without_o they_o let_v we_o reason_n from_o they_o as_o well_o as_o we_o can_v they_o be_v only_o about_o identical_a predication_n and_o influence_n if_o any_o at_o all_o none_o but_o such_o each_o particular_a proposition_n concern_v identity_n or_o diversity_n be_v as_o clear_o and_o certain_o know_v in_o itself_o if_o attend_v to_o as_o either_o of_o these_o general_a one_o and_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o certain_a than_o that_o by_o these_o maxim_n alone_o we_o can_v evidence_n to_o ourselves_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o one_o thing_n real_o exist_v as_o to_o other_o less_o general_a maxim_n many_o of_o they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o bare_a verbal_a proposition_n and_o teach_v we_o nothing_o but_o the_o respect_n and_o import_n of_o name_n one_o to_o another_o the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n what_o real_a truth_n i_o beseech_v you_o do_v it_o teach_v we_o what_o more_o be_v contain_v in_o that_o maxim_n than_o what_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n totum_fw-la or_o the_o whole_a do_v of_o itself_o import_n and_o he_o that_o know_v that_o the_o word_n whole_a stand_v for_o what_o be_v make_v up_o of_o all_o its_o part_n know_v very_o little_o less_o than_o that_o the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n i_o think_v that_o this_o proposition_n a_o hill_n be_v high_a than_o a_o valley_n and_o several_a the_o like_a may_v also_o pass_v for_o maxim_n but_o yet_o mathematician_n do_v not_o without_o reason_n place_n this_o and_o some_o other_o such_o among_o their_o maxim_n that_o their_o scholar_n have_v in_o the_o entrance_n perfect_o acquaint_v their_o thought_n with_o these_o proposition_n make_v in_o such_o general_a term_n may_v have_v they_o ready_a to_o apply_v to_o all_o particular_a case_n not_o that_o if_o they_o be_v equal_o weigh_v they_o be_v more_o clear_a and_o evident_a than_o the_o particular_a instance_n they_o be_v bring_v to_o confirm_v but_o that_o be_v more_o familiar_a to_o the_o mind_n the_o very_a name_v they_o be_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v the_o understanding_n but_o this_o i_o say_v be_v more_o from_o our_o custom_n of_o use_v they_o than_o the_o different_a evidence_n of_o the_o thing_n but_o before_o custom_n have_v settle_v method_n of_o think_v and_o reason_v in_o our_o mind_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o imagine_v it_o be_v quite_o otherwise_o and_o that_o the_o child_n when_o a_o part_n of_o his_o apple_n be_v take_v away_o know_v it_o better_o in_o that_o particular_a instance_n than_o by_o that_o general_a proposition_n the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n and_o that_o if_o one_o of_o these_o have_v need_n to_o be_v confirm_v to_o he_o by_o the_o other_o the_o general_n have_v more_o need_n to_o be_v let_v into_o his_o mind_n by_o the_o particular_a than_o the_o particular_a by_o the_o general_a for_o in_o particular_n our_o knowledge_n begin_v and_o so_o spread_v itself_o by_o degree_n to_o general_n though_o afterward_o the_o mind_n take_v the_o quite_o contrary_a course_n and_o have_v draw_v its_o knowledge_n into_o as_o general_a proposition_n as_o it_o can_v make_v those_o familiar_a to_o its_o thought_n and_o accustom_n itself_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o they_o as_o to_o the_o standard_n of_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n by_o which_o familiar_a use_n of_o they_o as_o rule_n to_o measure_v the_o truth_n of_o other_o proposition_n it_o come_v in_o time_n to_o be_v think_v that_o more_o particular_a proposition_n have_v their_o truth_n and_o evidence_n from_o their_o conformity_n to_o these_o more_o general_a one_o which_o in_o discourse_n and_o argumentation_n be_v so_o frequent_o urge_v and_o constant_o admit_v and_o this_o i_o think_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o among_o so_o many_o self-evident_a proposition_n the_o most_o general_a only_o have_v have_v the_o title_n of_o maxim_n §_o 12._o one_o thing_n far_o i_o think_v it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o observe_v concern_v these_o general_a maxim_n that_o they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o improve_n or_o establish_v our_o mind_n in_o true_a knowledge_n that_o if_o our_o notion_n be_v wrong_a loose_a or_o unsteady_a and_o we_o resign_v up_o our_o thought_n rather_o to_o the_o sound_n of_o word_n than_o to_o settle_a clear_a distinct_a idea_n of_o thing_n i_o say_v these_o general_a maxim_n will_v serve_v to_o confirm_v we_o in_o mistake_v and_o in_o such_o a_o way_n of_o use_n of_o word_n which_o be_v most_o common_a will_v serve_v to_o prove_v contradiction_n v_o g._n he_o that_o with_o cartes_n shall_v frame_v in_o his_o mind_n a_o idea_n of_o what_o he_o call_v body_n to_o be_v nothing_o but_o extension_n may_v easy_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n i._n e._n no_o space_n void_a of_o body_n by_o this_o maxim_n what_o be_v be_v for_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o he_o annex_v the_o name_n body_n be_v bare_a extension_n his_o knowledge_n that_o space_n can_v be_v without_o body_n be_v certain_a for_o he_o know_v his_o own_o idea_n of_o extension_n clear_o and_o distinct_o and_o know_v that_o it_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o not_o another_o idea_n though_o it_o be_v call_v by_o these_o three_o name_n extension_n body_n space_n which_o three_o word_n stand_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o idea_n may_v no_o doubt_n with_o the_o same_o evidence_n and_o certainty_n be_v affirm_v one_o of_o another_o as_o each_o of_o itself_o and_o it_o be_v as_o certain_a that_o whilst_o i_o use_v they_o all_o to_o stand_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o idea_n this_o predication_n be_v as_o true_a and_o identical_a in_o its_o signification_n that_o space_n be_v body_n as_o this_o predication_n be_v true_a and_o identical_a that_o body_n be_v body_n both_o in_o signification_n and_o sound_n §_o 13._o
be_v a_o amble_a horse_n or_o a_o neigh_a amble_a animal_n both_o be_v only_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o make_v i_o know_v but_o this_o that_o body_n sense_n and_o motion_n or_o power_n of_o sensation_n and_o move_a be_v three_o of_o those_o simple_a idea_n that_o i_o always_o comprehend_v and_o signify_v by_o the_o word_n man_n and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v together_o the_o name_n man_n belong_v not_o to_o that_o thing_n and_o so_o of_o the_o other_o that_o body_n sense_n and_o motion_n and_o a_o certain_a way_n of_o go_v with_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o voice_n be_v some_o of_o those_o simple_a idea_n which_o i_o always_o comprehend_v and_o signify_v by_o the_o word_n palfry_n and_o when_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v together_o the_o name_n palfry_n belong_v not_o to_o that_o thing_n it_o be_v just_a the_o same_o and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n when_o any_o term_n stand_v for_o any_o one_o or_o more_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o altogether_o make_v up_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o be_v call_v a_o man_n be_v affirm_v of_o the_o term_n man_n v_o g._n suppose_v a_o roman_a signify_v by_o the_o word_n homo_fw-la all_o these_o distinct_a idea_n unite_v in_o one_o subject_n corporeitas_fw-la sensibilitas_fw-la potentia_fw-la se_fw-la movendi_fw-la rationalitas_fw-la risibilitas_fw-la he_o may_v no_o doubt_n with_o great_a certainty_n universal_o affirm_v one_o more_o or_o all_o of_o these_o together_o of_o the_o word_n homo_fw-la but_o do_v no_o more_o than_o say_v that_o the_o word_n homo_fw-la in_o his_o country_n comprehend_v in_o its_o signification_n all_o these_o idea_n much_o like_o a_o romance_n knight_n who_o by_o the_o word_n palfry_n signify_v these_o idea_n body_n of_o a_o certain_a figure_n four-legged_a with_o sense_n motion_n amble_a neigh_a white_a use_v to_o have_v a_o woman_n on_o his_o back_n might_n with_o the_o same_o certainty_n universal_o affirm_v also_o any_o or_o all_o of_o these_o of_o the_o word_n palfry_n but_o do_v thereby_o teach_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o word_n palfry_n in_o his_o or_o romance-language_n stand_v for_o all_o these_o and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v apply_v to_o any_o thing_n where_o any_o of_o theâ—e_n be_v want_v but_o he_o that_o shall_v tell_v i_o that_o in_o whatever_o thing_n sense_n motion_n reason_n and_o laughter_n be_v unite_v that_o thing_n have_v actual_o a_o notion_n of_o god_n or_o will_v be_v cast_v into_o a_o sleep_n by_o opium_n make_v indeed_o a_o instructive_a proposition_n because_o neither_o have_v the_o notion_n of_o god_n nor_o be_v cast_v into_o sleep_n by_o opium_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o idea_n signify_v by_o the_o word_n man_n we_o be_v by_o such_o proposition_n teach_v something_o more_o than_o bare_o what_o the_o word_n man_n stand_v for_o and_o therefore_o the_o knowledge_n contain_v in_o it_o be_v more_o than_o verbal_a §_o 7._o before_o a_o man_n make_v any_o proposition_n he_o be_v suppose_v to_o understand_v the_o term_n he_o use_v in_o it_o or_o else_o he_o talk_v like_o a_o parrot_n only_o make_v a_o noise_n by_o imitation_n and_o frame_v certain_a sound_v he_o have_v learn_v of_o other_o but_o not_o as_o a_o rational_a creature_n use_v they_o for_o sign_n of_o idea_n he_o have_v in_o his_o mind_n the_o hearer_n also_o be_v suppose_v to_o understand_v the_o term_n as_o the_o speaker_n use_v they_o or_o else_o he_o talk_v jargon_v and_o make_v a_o untelligible_a noise_n and_o therefore_o he_o triâ—les_v with_o word_n who_o make_v such_o a_o proposition_n which_o when_o it_o be_v make_v contain_v no_o more_o than_o one_o of_o the_o term_n do_v and_o which_o a_o man_n be_v suppose_v to_o know_v before_o v_o g._n a_o triangle_n have_v three_o side_n or_o saffron_n be_v yellow_a and_o this_o be_v no_o far_o tolerable_a than_o where_o a_o man_n go_v to_o explain_v his_o term_n to_o one_o who_o be_v suppose_v or_o declare_v himself_o not_o to_o understand_v he_o and_o then_o it_o teach_v only_o the_o signification_n of_o that_o word_n and_o the_o use_n of_o that_o sign_n §_o 8._o we_o can_v know_v then_o the_o truth_n of_o two_o sort_n of_o proposition_n with_o perfect_a certainty_n the_o one_o be_v of_o those_o trifle_a proposition_n which_o have_v a_o certainty_n in_o they_o but_o it_o be_v but_o a_o verbal_a certainty_n but_o not_o instructive_a and_o second_o we_o can_v know_v the_o truth_n and_o so_o may_v be_v certain_a in_o proposition_n which_o affirm_v something_o of_o another_o which_o be_v a_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o its_o precise_a complex_fw-la idea_n but_o not_o contain_v in_o it_o as_o that_o the_o external_a angle_n of_o all_o triangle_n be_v big_a than_o either_o of_o the_o opposite_a internal_a angle_n which_o relation_n of_o the_o cutward_a angle_n to_o either_o of_o the_o opposite_a internal_a angle_n make_v no_o part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o name_n triangle_n this_o be_v a_o real_a truth_n and_o convey_v with_o it_o instructive_a real_a knowledge_n §_o 9_o we_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o what_o combination_n there_o be_v of_o simple_a idea_n exist_v together_o in_o substance_n but_o by_o our_o sense_n we_o can_v make_v any_o universal_a certain_a proposition_n concern_v they_o any_o far_a than_o our_o nominal_a essence_n lead_v we_o which_o be_v to_o a_o very_a few_o and_o inconsiderable_a truth_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o which_o depend_v on_o their_o real_a constitution_n the_o general_a proposition_n that_o be_v make_v about_o substance_n if_o they_o be_v certain_a be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o trifle_v and_o if_o they_o be_v instructive_a be_v uncertain_a and_o such_o as_o we_o can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o their_o real_a truth_n how_o much_o soever_o constant_a observation_n and_o analogy_n may_v assist_v our_o judgement_n in_o guess_v hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o may_v often_o meet_v with_o very_o clear_a and_o coherent_a discourse_n that_o amount_v yet_o to_o nothing_o for_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o name_n of_o substantial_a being_n as_o well_o as_o other_o have_v constant_a and_o settle_a signification_n affix_v to_o they_o may_v with_o great_a truth_n be_v join_v negative_o and_o affirmative_o in_o proposition_n as_o their_o definition_n make_v they_o fit_a to_o be_v so_o join_v and_o proposition_n consist_v of_o such_o termsâ—_n may_v with_o the_o same_o clearness_n be_v deduce_v one_o from_o another_o as_o those_o that_o convey_v the_o most_o real_a truth_n and_o all_o this_o without_o any_o knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n or_o reality_n of_o thing_n exist_v without_o we_o by_o this_o method_n one_o may_v make_v demonstration_n and_o undoubted_a proposition_n in_o word_n and_o yet_o thereby_o advance_v not_o one_o jot_n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n v_o g._n he_o that_o have_v learn_v these_o follow_a word_n with_o their_o ordinary_a acceptation_n annex_v to_o they_o v_o g._n substance_n man_n animal_n form_n soul_n vegetative_a sensitive_a rational_a may_v make_v several_a undoubted_a proposition_n about_o the_o soul_n without_o know_v at_o all_o what_o the_o soul_n real_o be_v and_o of_o this_o sort_n a_o man_n may_v find_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o proposition_n reason_n and_o conclusion_n in_o book_n of_o metaphysic_n school-divinity_n and_o some_o sort_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o after_o all_o know_v as_o little_a of_o god_n spirit_n or_o body_n as_o he_o do_v before_o he_o set_v out_o §_o 10._o he_o that_o have_v liberty_n to_o define_v i._n e._n determine_v the_o signification_n of_o his_o name_n of_o substance_n as_o certain_o every_o one_o do_v in_o effect_n who_o make_v they_o stand_v for_o his_o own_o idea_n and_o make_v their_o signification_n at_o a_o venture_n take_v they_o from_o his_o own_o or_o other_o man_n fancy_n and_o not_o from_o a_o examination_n and_o enquiry_n into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n themselves_o may_z with_o little_a trouble_n demonstrate_v they_o one_o of_o another_o wherein_o however_o thing_n agree_v or_o disagree_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n he_o need_v mind_n nothing_o but_o his_o own_o notion_n with_o the_o name_n he_o have_v bestow_v upon_o they_o but_o thereby_o no_o more_o increase_v his_o own_o knowledge_n than_o he_o do_v his_o riches_n who_o take_v a_o bag_n of_o counter_n call_v one_o in_o a_o certain_a place_n a_o pound_n another_o in_o another_o place_n a_o shilling_n and_o a_o three_o in_o a_o three_o place_n a_o penny_n and_o so_o proceed_v may_v undoubted_o reckon_v right_a and_o cast_v up_o a_o great_a sum_n according_a to_o his_o counter_n so_o place_v and_o stand_v for_o more_o or_o less_o as_o he_o please_v without_o be_v one_o jot_n the_o rich_a or_o without_o even_o know_v how_o much_o a_o pound_n shilling_n or_o penny_n be_v but_o only_o that_o one_o be_v
view_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n in_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o it_o and_o perhaps_o if_o they_o be_v distinct_o weigh_v and_o due_o consider_v they_o will_v afford_v we_o another_o sort_n of_o logic_n and_o critic_n than_o what_o we_o have_v be_v hitherto_o acquaint_v with_o §_o 5._o this_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o first_o and_o most_o general_a as_o well_o as_o natural_a division_n of_o the_o object_n of_o our_o understanding_n for_o since_o a_o man_n can_v employ_v his_o thought_n about_o nothing_o but_o either_o the_o contemplation_n of_o thing_n themselves_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n or_o about_o the_o thing_n in_o his_o own_o power_n which_o be_v his_o own_o action_n for_o the_o attainment_n of_o his_o own_o end_n or_o the_o sign_n the_o mind_n make_v use_v of_o both_o in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o and_o the_o right_a order_n of_o they_o for_o its_o clear_a information_n all_o which_o three_o viz._n thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o knowable_a action_n as_o they_o depend_v on_o we_o in_o order_n to_o happiness_n and_o the_o right_a use_n of_o sign_n in_o order_n to_o knowledge_n be_v toto_fw-la caelum_fw-la different_a they_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v the_o three_o great_a province_n of_o the_o intellectual_a world_n whole_o separate_v and_o distinct_a one_o from_o another_o finis_fw-la the_o content_n book_n i._o of_o innate_a notion_n chap._n 1._o introduction_n 2._o no_o innate_a speculative_a principle_n 3._o no_o innate_a practical_a principle_n 4._o other_o proof_n against_o innate_a principle_n book_n ii_o of_o idea_n chap._n 1._o of_o idea_n in_o general_n 2._o of_o simple_a idea_n 3._o of_o idea_n of_o one_o sense_n 4._o of_o solidity_n 5._o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o more_o than_o one_o sense_n 6._o of_o simple_a idea_n of_o reflection_n 7._o of_o simple_a idea_n both_o of_o sensation_n and_o reflection_n 8._o other_o consideration_n concern_v simple_a idea_n 9_o of_o perception_n 10._o of_o retention_n 11._o of_o discern_v 12._o of_o complex_fw-la ideas_n 13._o of_o space_n and_o its_o simple_a modes_n 14._o of_o duration_n 15._o of_o extension_n and_o duration_n consider_v together_o 16._o of_o number_n 17._o of_o infinity_o 18._o of_o other_o simple_a modes_n 19_o of_o the_o modes_n of_o think_v 20._o of_o the_o modes_n of_o pleasure_n and_o pain_n 21._o of_o power_n 22._o of_o mix_a modes_n 23._o of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n 24._o of_o the_o collective_a idea_n of_o substance_n 25._o of_o relation_n 26._o of_o cause_n and_o effect_v and_o other_o relation_n 27._o of_o other_o relation_n 28._o of_o clear_a and_o distinct_a obscure_a and_o confuse_a idea_n 29._o of_o real_a and_o fantastical_a idea_n 30._o of_o adequate_a and_o inadequate_a idea_n 31._o of_o true_a and_o false_a idea_n book_n iii_o of_o word_n chap._n 1._o of_o word_n and_o language_n in_o general_n 2._o of_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n 3._o of_o general_a term_n 4._o of_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n 5._o of_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n and_o relation_n 6._o of_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n 7._o of_o abstract_n and_o concrete_a term_n 8._o of_o the_o imperfection_n of_o word_n 9_o of_o the_o abuse_n of_o word_n 10._o of_o the_o remedy_n of_o the_o forego_n imperfection_n and_o abuse_n book_n iv._o of_o knowledge_n and_o opinion_n chap._n 1._o of_o knowledge_n in_o general_n 2._o of_o the_o degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n 3._o of_o the_o extent_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n 4._o of_o the_o reality_n of_o our_o knowledge_n 5._o of_o truth_n in_o general_n 6._o of_o universal_a proposition_n their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n 7._o of_o maxim_n 8._o of_o trifle_a proposition_n 9_o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o existence_n 10._o of_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god._n 11._o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o other_o thing_n 12._o of_o the_o improvement_n of_o our_o knowledge_n 13._o some_o other_o consideration_n concern_v our_o knowledge_n 14._o of_o judgement_n 15._o of_o probability_n 16._o of_o the_o degree_n of_o assent_n 17._o of_o reason_n 18._o of_o faith_n and_o reason_n as_o contradistinguish_v 19_o of_o wrong_a assent_n or_o error_n 20._o the_o division_n of_o the_o science_n the_o content_n book_n i._n chap._n i._o introduction_n sect_n 1._o a_o enquiry_n into_o the_o understanding_n pleasant_a and_o useful_a 2._o design_n 3._o method_n 4._o useful_a to_o know_v the_o extent_n of_o our_o comprehension_n 5._o our_o capacity_n proportion_v to_o our_o state_n and_o concern_v to_o discover_v thing_n useful_a to_o we_o 6._o know_v the_o extent_n of_o our_o capacity_n will_v hinder_v we_o from_o useless_a curiosity_n scepticism_n and_o idleness_n 7._o occasion_n of_o this_o essay_n 8._o apology_n for_o idea_n chap._n ii_o no_o innate_a speculative_a principle_n sect_n 1._o the_o way_n show_v how_o we_o come_v by_o any_o knowledge_n sufficient_a to_o prove_v it_o not_o innate_a 2._o general_n assent_n the_o great_a argument_n 3._o universal_a consent_n prove_v nothing_o innate_a 4._o what_o be_v be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v not_o universal_o assent_v to_o 5._o not_o on_o the_o mind_n natural_o imprint_v because_o not_o know_v to_o child_n idiot_n etc._n etc._n 6_o 7._o that_o man_n know_v they_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n answer_v 8._o if_o reason_n discover_v they_o that_o will_v not_o prove_v they_o innate_a 9_o 11._o it_o be_v false_a that_o reason_n discover_v they_o 12._o the_o come_n to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n not_o the_o time_n we_o come_v to_o know_v these_o maxim_n 13._o by_o this_o they_o be_v not_o distinguish_v from_o other_o knowable_a truth_n 14._o if_o come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n be_v the_o time_n of_o their_o discovery_n it_o will_v not_o prove_v they_o innate_a 15_o 16._o the_o step_n by_o which_o the_o mind_n attain_v several_a truth_n 17._o assent_v as_o soon_o as_o propose_v and_o understand_v prove_v they_o not_o innate_a 18._o if_o such_o a_o assent_n be_v a_o mark_n of_o innate_a than_o that_o one_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o three_o that_o sweetness_n be_v not_o bitterness_n and_o a_o thousand_o the_o like_a must_v be_v innate_a 19_o such_o less_o general_a proposition_n know_v before_o these_o universal_a maxim_n 20._o one_o and_o one_o equal_a to_o two_o etc._n etc._n not_o general_a nor_o useful_a answer_v 21._o these_o maxim_n not_o be_v know_v sometime_o till_o propose_v prove_v they_o not_o innate_a 22._o implicit_o know_v before_o propose_v signify_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o understand_v they_o or_o else_o signify_v nothing_o 23._o the_o argument_n of_o assent_v on_o first_o hear_v be_v upon_o a_o false_a supposition_n of_o no_o precedent_a teach_n 24._o not_o innate_a because_o not_o universal_o assent_v to_o 25._o these_o maxim_n not_o the_o first_o know_v 26._o and_o so_o not_o innate_a 27._o not_o innate_a because_o they_o appear_v least_o where_o what_o be_v innate_a show_v itself_o clear_a 28._o recapitulation_n chap._n iii_o no_o innate_a practical_a principle_n sect_n 1._o no_o moral_a principle_n so_o clear_a and_o so_o general_o receive_v as_o the_o forementioned_a speculative_a maxim_n 2._o faith_n and_o justice_n not_o own_v as_o principle_n by_o all_o men._n 3._o obj._n though_o man_n deny_v they_o in_o their_o practice_n yet_o they_o admit_v they_o in_o their_o thought_n answer_v 4._o moral_a rule_n need_v a_o proof_n ergo_fw-la not_o innate_a 5._o instance_n in_o keep_v compact_n 6._o virtue_n general_o approve_v not_o because_o innate_a but_o because_o profitable_a 7._o man_n action_n convince_v we_o that_o the_o rule_n of_o virtue_n be_v not_o their_o internal_a principle_n 8._o conscience_n no_o proof_n of_o any_o innate_a moral_a rule_n 9_o instance_n of_o enormity_n practise_v without_o remorse_n 10._o man_n have_v contrary_a practical_a principle_n 11_o 13._o whole_a nation_n reject_v several_a moral_a rule_n 14._o those_o who_o maintain_v innate_a practical_a principle_n tell_v we_o not_o what_o they_o be_v 15_o 19_o lord_n herbert_n innate_a principle_n examine_v 20._o obj._n innate_a principle_n may_v be_v corrupt_v answer_v 21._o contrary_a principle_n in_o the_o world_n 22_o 26._o how_o man_n common_o come_v by_o their_o principle_n 27._o principle_n must_v be_v examine_v chap._n iu._n other_o consideration_n about_o innate_a principle_n both_o speculative_a and_o practical_a sect_n 1._o principle_n not_o innate_a unless_o their_o idea_n be_v innate_a 2_o 3._o idea_n especial_o those_o belong_v to_o principle_n not_o bear_v with_o child_n 4_o 5._o identity_n a_o idea_n not_o innate_a 6._o whole_o and_o part_v not_o innate_a idea_n 7._o idea_n of_o worship_n not_o innate_a 8_o 11._o idea_n of_o god_n not_o innate_a 12._o suitable_a to_o god_n goodness_n that_o all_o man_n shall_v have_v a_o idea_n of_o he_o therefore_o
i_o be_v in_o one_o which_o i_o leave_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o those_o who_o with_o i_o dispose_v themselves_o to_o embrace_v truth_n wherever_o they_o find_v it_o §_o 2._o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o common_o take_v for_o grant_v than_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a principle_n both_o speculative_a and_o practical_a for_o they_o speak_v of_o both_o universal_o agree_v upon_o by_o all_o mankind_n which_o therefore_o they_o argue_v must_v needs_o be_v the_o constant_a impression_n which_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n receive_v in_o their_o first_o being_n and_o which_o they_o bring_v into_o the_o world_n with_o they_o as_o necessary_o and_o real_o as_o they_o do_v any_o of_o their_o inherent_a faculty_n §_o 3._o this_o argument_n draw_v from_o universal_a consent_n have_v this_o misfortune_n in_o it_o that_o if_o it_o be_v true_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o there_o be_v certain_a truth_n wherein_o all_o mankind_n agree_v it_o will_v not_o prove_v they_o innate_a if_o there_o can_v be_v any_o other_o way_n show_v how_o man_n may_v come_v to_o that_o universal_a agreement_n in_o the_o thing_n they_o do_v consent_n in_o which_o i_o presume_v may_v be_v do_v §_o 4._o but_o which_o be_v worse_o this_o argument_n of_o universal_a consent_n which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o prove_v innate_a principle_n seem_v to_o i_o a_o demonstration_n that_o there_o be_v none_o such_o because_o there_o be_v none_o to_o which_o all_o mankind_n give_v a_o universal_a assent_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o speculative_a and_o instance_n in_o those_o magnify_a principle_n of_o demonstration_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v which_o of_o all_o other_o i_o think_v have_v the_o most_o allow_v title_n to_o innate_a these_o have_v so_o settle_v a_o reputation_n of_o maxim_n universal_o receive_v that_o it_o will_v no_o doubt_n be_v think_v strange_a if_o any_o one_o shall_v seem_v to_o question_v it_o but_o yet_o i_o take_v liberty_n to_o say_v that_o these_o proposition_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o universal_a assent_n that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n to_o who_o they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o know_v §_o 5._o for_o first_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o child_n and_o idiot_n have_v not_o the_o least_o apprehension_n or_o thought_n of_o they_o and_o the_o want_n of_o that_o be_v enough_o to_o destroy_v that_o universal_a assent_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o necessary_a concomitant_a of_o all_o innate_a truth_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o near_o a_o contradiction_n to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v truth_n imprint_v on_o the_o soul_n which_o it_o perceive_v or_o understand_v not_o imprint_v if_o it_o signify_v any_o thing_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o make_v certain_a truth_n to_o be_v perceive_v for_o to_o imprint_v any_o thing_n on_o the_o mind_n without_o the_o mind_n be_v perceive_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o hardly_o intelligible_a if_o therefore_o child_n and_o idiot_n have_v soul_n have_v mind_n with_o those_o impression_n upon_o they_o they_o must_v unavoidable_o perceive_v they_o and_o necessary_o know_v and_o assent_v to_o these_o truth_n which_o since_o they_o do_v not_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o impression_n for_o if_o they_o be_v not_o notion_n natural_o imprint_v how_o can_v they_o be_v innate_a and_o if_o they_o be_v notion_n imprint_v how_o can_v they_o be_v unknown_a to_o say_v a_o notion_n be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o say_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o and_o never_o yet_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o be_v to_o make_v this_o impression_n nothing_o no_o proposition_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n which_o it_o never_o yet_o know_v which_o it_o be_v never_o yet_o conscious_a of_o for_o if_o any_o one_o may_n then_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o proposition_n that_o be_v true_a and_o the_o mind_n be_v capable_a ever_o of_o assent_v to_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o to_o be_v imprint_v since_o if_o any_o one_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n which_o it_o never_o yet_o know_v it_o must_v be_v only_o because_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o know_v it_o and_o so_o the_o mind_n be_v of_o all_o truth_n it_o ever_o shall_v know_v nay_o thus_o truth_n may_v be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n which_o it_o never_o do_v nor_o ever_o shall_v know_v for_o a_o man_n may_v live_v long_o and_o die_v at_o last_o in_o ignorance_n of_o many_o truth_n which_o his_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o know_v and_o that_o with_o certainty_n so_o that_o if_o the_o capacity_n of_o know_v be_v the_o natural_a impression_n contend_v for_o all_o the_o truth_n a_o man_n ever_o come_v to_o know_v will_n by_o this_o account_n be_v every_o one_o of_o they_o innate_a and_o this_o great_a point_n will_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o only_o to_o a_o very_a improper_a way_n of_o speak_v which_o whilst_o it_o pretend_v to_o assert_v the_o contrary_a say_v nothing_o different_a from_o those_o who_o deny_v innate_a principle_n for_o no_o body_n i_o think_v ever_o deny_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o know_v several_a truth_n the_o capacity_n they_o say_v be_v innate_a the_o knowledge_n acquire_v but_o then_o to_o what_o end_n such_o contest_v for_o certain_a innate_a maxim_n if_o truth_n can_v be_v imprint_v on_o the_o understanding_n without_o be_v perceive_v i_o can_v see_v no_o difference_n there_o can_v be_v between_o any_o truth_n the_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o know_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o original_a they_o must_v all_o be_v innate_a or_o all_o adventitious_a in_o vain_a shall_v a_o man_n go_v about_o to_o distinguish_v they_o he_o therefore_o that_o talk_v of_o innate_a notion_n in_o the_o understanding_n can_v if_o he_o intend_v thereby_o any_o distinct_a sort_n of_o truth_n mean_v such_o truth_n to_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n as_o it_o never_o perceive_v and_o be_v yet_o full_o ignorant_a of_o for_o if_o these_o word_n to_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n have_v any_o propriety_n they_o signify_v to_o be_v understand_v so_o that_o to_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n and_o not_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o never_o to_o be_v perceive_v be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v any_o thing_n be_v and_o be_v not_o in_o the_o mind_n or_o understanding_n if_o therefore_o these_o two_o proposition_n whatsoever_o be_v be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v be_v by_o nature_n imprint_v child_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o infant_n and_o all_o that_o have_v soul_n must_v necessary_o have_v they_o in_o their_o understanding_n know_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o and_o assent_v to_o it_o §_o 6._o to_o avoid_v this_o it_o be_v usual_o answer_v that_o all_o man_n know_v and_o assent_v to_o they_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n and_o this_o be_v enough_o to_o prove_v they_o innate_a i_o answer_v §_o 7._o doubtful_a expression_n that_o have_v scarce_o any_o signification_n go_v for_o clear_a reason_n to_o those_o who_o be_v prepossess_v take_v not_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v even_o what_o they_o themselves_o say_v for_o to_o apply_v this_o answer_n with_o any_o tolerable_a sense_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n it_o must_v signify_v one_o of_o these_o two_o thing_n either_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o man_n come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n these_o suppose_a native_a inscription_n come_v to_o be_v know_v and_o observe_v by_o they_o or_o else_o that_o the_o use_v and_o exercise_n of_o man_n reason_n assist_v they_o in_o the_o discovery_n of_o these_o principle_n and_o certain_o make_v they_o know_v to_o they_o §_o 8._o if_o they_o mean_v that_o by_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n man_n may_v discover_v these_o principle_n and_o that_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v they_o innate_a their_o way_n of_o argue_v will_v stand_v thus_o viz._n that_o whatever_o truth_n reason_n can_v certain_o discover_v to_o we_o and_o make_v we_o firm_o assent_v to_o those_o be_v all_o natural_o imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n since_o that_o universal_a assent_n which_o be_v make_v the_o mark_n of_o they_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o by_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n we_o be_v capable_a to_o come_v to_o a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o and_o assent_v to_o they_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v there_o will_v be_v no_o difference_n between_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o mathematician_n and_o theorem_n they_o deduce_v from_o they_o all_o must_v be_v equal_o allow_v innate_a they_o be_v all_o discovery_n make_v by_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n and_o truth_n that_o a_o rational_a creature_n may_v certain_o come_v to_o know_v if_o he_o
they_o no_o more_o than_o their_o name_n but_o get_v afterward_o so_o that_o in_o all_o proposition_n that_o be_v assent_v to_o at_o first_o hear_v the_o term_n of_o the_o proposition_n their_o stand_n for_o such_o idea_n and_o the_o idea_n themselves_o that_o they_o stand_v for_o be_v neither_o of_o they_o innate_a i_o will_v fain_o know_v what_o there_o be_v remain_v in_o such_o proposition_n that_o be_v innate_a for_o i_o will_v glad_o have_v any_o one_o name_n that_o proposition_n who_o term_n or_o idea_n be_v either_o of_o they_o innate_a we_o by_o degree_n get_v idea_n and_o name_n and_o learn_v their_o appropriate_v connection_n one_o with_o another_o and_o then_o to_o proposition_n make_v in_o such_o term_n who_o signification_n we_o have_v learn_v and_o wherein_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n we_o can_v perceive_v in_o our_o idea_n when_o put_v together_o be_v express_v we_o at_o first_o hear_v assent_n though_o to_o other_o proposition_n in_o themselves_o as_o certain_a and_o evident_a but_o which_o be_v concern_v idea_n not_o so_o soon_o nor_o easy_o get_v we_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n no_o way_n capable_a of_o assent_v for_o though_o a_o child_n quick_o assent_v to_o this_o proposition_n that_o a_o apple_n be_v not_o fire_n when_o by_o familiar_a acquaintance_n he_o have_v get_v the_o idea_n of_o those_o two_o different_a thing_n distinct_o imprint_v on_o his_o mind_n and_o have_v learn_v that_o the_o name_n apple_n and_o fire_n stand_v for_o they_o yet_o it_o will_v be_v some_o year_n after_o perhaps_o before_o the_o same_o child_n will_v assent_v to_o this_o proposition_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v because_o that_o though_o perhaps_o the_o word_n be_v as_o easy_a to_o be_v learn_v yet_o the_o signification_n of_o they_o be_v more_o large_a comprehensive_a and_o abstract_n than_o of_o the_o name_n annex_v to_o those_o sensible_a thing_n the_o child_n have_v to_o do_v with_o it_o be_v long_o before_o he_o learn_v their_o precise_a meaning_n and_o it_o require_v more_o time_n plain_o to_o form_v in_o his_o mind_n those_o general_a idea_n they_o stand_v for_o till_o that_o be_v do_v you_o will_v in_o vain_a endeavour_n to_o make_v any_o child_n assent_n to_o a_o proposition_n make_v up_o of_o such_o general_a term_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o have_v get_v those_o idea_n and_o learn_v their_o name_n he_o forward_o close_v with_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o of_o the_o forementioned_a proposition_n and_o with_o both_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n viz._n because_o he_o find_v the_o idea_n he_o have_v in_o his_o mind_n to_o agree_v or_o disagree_v according_a as_o the_o word_n stand_v for_o they_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v one_o of_o another_o in_o the_o proposition_n but_o if_o proposition_n be_v bring_v to_o he_o in_o word_n which_o stand_v for_o idea_n he_o have_v not_o yet_o in_o his_o mind_n to_o such_o proposition_n however_o evident_o true_a or_o false_a in_o themselves_o he_o afford_v neither_o assent_n nor_o dissent_n but_o be_v ignorant_a for_o word_n be_v but_o empty_a sound_n any_o far_a than_o they_o be_v sign_n of_o our_o idea_n we_o can_v but_o assent_v to_o they_o as_o they_o correspond_v to_o those_o idea_n we_o have_v but_o no_o far_o than_o that_o but_o the_o show_v by_o what_o step_v and_o way_n knowledge_n come_v into_o our_o mind_n and_o the_o ground_n of_o several_a degree_n of_o assent_n be_v the_o business_n of_o the_o follow_a discourse_n it_o may_v suffice_v to_o have_v only_o touch_v on_o it_o here_o as_o one_o reason_n that_o make_v i_o doubt_v of_o those_o innate_a principle_n §_o 24._o to_o conclude_v this_o argument_n of_o universal_a consent_n i_o agree_v with_o these_o defender_n of_o innate_a principle_n that_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a they_o must_v needs_o have_v universal_a assent_n for_o that_o a_o truth_n shall_v be_v innate_a and_o yet_o not_o assent_v to_o be_v to_o i_o as_o unintelligible_a as_o for_o a_o man_n to_o know_v a_o truth_n and_o be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o then_o by_o these_o man_n own_o confession_n they_o can_v be_v innate_a since_o they_o be_v not_o assent_v to_o by_o those_o who_o understand_v not_o the_o term_n nor_o by_o a_o great_a part_n of_o those_o who_o do_v understand_v they_o but_o have_v yet_o never_o hear_v nor_o think_v of_o those_o proposition_n which_o i_o think_v be_v at_o least_o one_o half_a of_o mankind_n but_o be_v the_o number_n far_o less_o it_o will_v be_v enough_o to_o destroy_v universal_a assent_n and_o thereby_o show_v these_o proposition_n not_o to_o be_v innate_a if_o child_n alone_o be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o §_o 25._o but_o that_o i_o may_v not_o be_v accuse_v to_o argue_v from_o the_o thought_n of_o infant_n which_o be_v unknown_a to_o we_o and_o to_o conclude_v from_o what_o pass_v in_o their_o understanding_n before_o they_o express_v it_o i_o say_v next_o that_o these_o two_o general_a proposition_n be_v not_o the_o truth_n that_o first_o possess_v the_o mind_n of_o child_n nor_o be_v antecedent_n to_o all_o acquire_v and_o adventitious_a notion_n which_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a they_o must_v needs_o be_v whether_o we_o can_v determine_v it_o or_o no_o it_o matter_n not_o there_o be_v certain_o a_o time_n when_o child_n begin_v to_o think_v and_o their_o word_n and_o action_n do_v assure_v we_o that_o they_o do_v so_o when_o therefore_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o thought_n of_o knowledge_n of_o assent_n can_v it_o rational_o be_v suppose_v they_o can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o those_o notion_n that_o nature_n have_v imprint_v be_v there_o any_o such_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v with_o any_o appearance_n of_o reason_n that_o they_o perceive_v the_o impression_n from_o thing_n without_o and_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n ignorant_a of_o those_o character_n which_o nature_n itself_o have_v take_v care_n to_o stamp_v within_o can_v they_o receive_v and_o assent_v to_o adventitious_a notion_n and_o be_v ignorant_a of_o those_o which_o be_v suppose_v weave_v into_o the_o very_a principle_n of_o their_o be_v and_o imprint_v there_o in_o indelible_a character_n to_o be_v the_o foundation_n and_o guide_v of_o all_o their_o acquire_v knowledge_n and_o future_a reason_n this_o will_v be_v to_o make_v nature_n take_v pain_n to_o no_o purpose_n or_o at_o least_o to_o write_v very_o ill_a since_o its_o character_n can_v not_o be_v read_v by_o those_o eye_n which_o see_v other_o thing_n very_o well_o and_o those_o be_v very_o ill_o suppose_v the_o clear_a part_n of_o truth_n and_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n which_o be_v not_o first_o know_v and_o without_o which_o the_o undoubted_a knowledge_n of_o several_a other_o thing_n may_v be_v have_v the_o child_n certain_o know_v that_o the_o nurse_n that_o feed_v it_o be_v neither_o the_o cat_n it_o play_v with_o nor_o the_o blackmoor_n it_o be_v afraid_a of_o that_o the_o wormseed_n or_o mustard_n it_o refuse_v be_v not_o the_o apple_n or_o sugar_n it_o cry_v for_o this_o it_o be_v certain_o and_o undoubted_o assure_v of_o but_o will_v any_o one_o say_v it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o this_o principle_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v that_o it_o so_o firm_o assent_v to_o these_o and_o other_o part_n of_o its_o knowledge_n or_o that_o the_o child_n have_v any_o notion_n or_o apprehension_n of_o that_o proposition_n at_o a_o age_n wherein_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a it_o know_v a_o great_a many_o other_o truth_n he_o that_o will_v say_v child_n join_v these_o general_a abstract_n speculation_n with_o their_o suck_a bottle_n and_o their_o rattle_n may_v perhaps_o with_o justice_n be_v think_v to_o have_v more_o passion_n and_o zeal_n for_o his_o opinion_n but_o less_o sincerity_n and_o truth_n than_o one_o of_o that_o age._n §_o 26._o though_o therefore_o there_o be_v several_a general_a proposition_n that_o meet_v with_o constant_a and_o ready_a assent_n as_o soon_o as_o propose_v to_o man_n grow_v up_o who_o have_v attain_v the_o use_n of_o more_o general_a and_o abstract_a idea_n and_o name_n stand_v for_o they_o yet_o they_o not_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o those_o of_o tender_a year_n who_o nevertheless_o know_v other_o thing_n they_o can_v pretend_v to_o universal_a assent_n of_o intelligent_a person_n and_o so_o by_o no_o mean_n can_v be_v suppose_v innate_a it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o truth_n which_o be_v innate_a if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o shall_v be_v unknown_a at_o least_o to_o any_o one_o who_o know_v any_o thing_n else_o since_o if_o they_o be_v innate_a truth_n they_o must_v be_v innate_a thought_n there_o be_v nothing_o a_o truth_n in_o the_o mind_n that_o it_o have_v never_o
not_o appear_v so_o much_o a_o paradox_n to_o any_o one_o who_o will_v but_o consider_v how_o far_o man_n be_v yet_o from_o know_v all_o the_o property_n of_o that_o one_o no_o very_a compound_n figure_n a_o triangle_n though_o it_o be_v no_o small_a number_n that_o be_v already_o by_o mathematician_n discover_v of_o it_o §_o 11._o so_o that_o all_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n be_v imperfect_a and_o inadequate_a which_o will_v be_v so_o also_o in_o mathematical_a figure_n if_o we_o be_v to_o have_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o they_o only_o by_o collect_v their_o property_n in_o reference_n to_o other_o figure_n how_o uncertain_a and_o imperfect_a will_v our_o idea_n be_v of_o a_o elypsis_n if_o we_o have_v no_o other_o idea_n of_o it_o but_o some_o few_o of_o its_o property_n whereas_o have_v in_o our_o plain_a idea_n the_o whole_a essence_n of_o that_o figure_n we_o from_o thence_o discover_v those_o property_n and_o demonstrative_o see_v how_o they_o flow_v and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o it_o §_o 12._o thus_o the_o mind_n have_v three_o sort_n of_o abstract_n idea_n or_o nominal_a essence_n first_o simple_z idea_n which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o copy_n but_o yet_o certain_o adequate_a because_o be_v intend_v to_o express_v nothing_o but_o the_o power_n in_o thing_n to_o produce_v in_o the_o mind_n such_o a_o sensation_n that_o sensation_n when_o it_o be_v produce_v can_v but_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o that_o power_n so_o the_o paper_n i_o write_v on_o have_v the_o power_n in_o the_o light_n i_o speak_v according_a to_o the_o common_a notion_n of_o light_n to_o produce_v in_o i_o the_o sensation_n which_o i_o call_v white_a it_o can_v but_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o a_o power_n in_o something_o without_o the_o mind_n since_o the_o mind_n have_v not_o the_o power_n to_o produce_v any_o such_o idea_n in_o its_o self_n and_o be_v mean_v for_o nothing_o else_o but_o the_o effect_n of_o such_o a_o power_n that_o simple_a idea_n be_v real_a and_o adequate_a the_o sensation_n of_o white_a in_o my_o mind_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o that_o power_n which_o be_v in_o the_o paper_n to_o produce_v it_o be_v perfect_o adequate_a to_o that_o power_n or_o else_o that_o power_n will_v produce_v a_o different_a idea_n second_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n be_v ectype_n copy_n too_o but_o not_o perfect_a one_o not_o adequate_a which_o be_v very_o evident_a to_o the_o mind_n in_o that_o it_o plain_o perceive_v that_o whatever_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n it_o make_v of_o any_o substance_n that_o exist_v it_o can_v be_v sure_a that_o it_o exact_o answer_v all_o that_o be_v in_o that_o substance_n since_o not_o have_v try_v all_o the_o operation_n of_o all_o other_o substance_n upon_o it_o and_o find_v all_o the_o alteration_n it_o will_v receive_v from_o or_o cause_n in_o other_o substance_n it_o can_v have_v a_o exact_a adequate_a collection_n of_o all_o its_o active_a and_o passive_a capacity_n and_o so_o not_o have_v a_o adequate_a complex_fw-la idea_n of_o the_o power_n of_o any_o substance_n exist_v and_o its_o relation_n which_o be_v that_o sort_n of_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o substance_n we_o have_v and_o after_o all_o if_o we_o can_v have_v and_o actual_o have_v in_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n a_o exact_a collection_n of_o all_o the_o secundary_a quality_n or_o power_n of_o any_o substance_n we_o shall_v not_o yet_o thereby_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o that_o thing_n for_o since_o the_o power_n or_o quality_n that_o be_v observable_a by_o we_o be_v not_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o that_o substance_n but_o depend_v on_o it_o and_o flow_v from_o it_o any_o collection_n whatsoever_o of_o these_o quality_n can_v be_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o that_o thing_n whereby_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o our_o idea_n of_o substance_n be_v not_o adequate_a be_v not_o what_o the_o mind_n intend_v they_o to_o be_v beside_o a_o man_n have_v no_o idea_n of_o substance_n in_o general_n nor_o know_v what_o substance_n be_v in_o itself_o §_o 14._o three_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o modes_n and_o relation_n be_v original_n and_o archetype_n be_v not_o copy_n nor_o make_v after_o the_o pattern_n of_o any_o real_a existence_n to_o which_o the_o mind_n intend_v they_o to_o be_v conformable_a and_o exact_o to_o answer_v these_o be_v such_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o the_o mind_n itself_o put_v together_o and_o such_o collection_n that_o each_o of_o they_o contain_v in_o it_o precise_o all_o that_o the_o mind_n intend_v it_o shall_v they_o be_v archetype_n and_o essence_n of_o modes_n that_o may_v exist_v and_o so_o be_v design_v only_o for_o and_o belong_v only_o to_o such_o modes_n as_o when_o they_o do_v exist_v have_v a_o exact_a conformity_n with_o those_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o idea_n therefore_o of_o modes_n and_o relation_n can_v but_o be_v adequate_a chap._n xxxi_o of_o true_a and_o false_a idea_n §_o 1._o though_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n belong_v in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n only_o to_o proposition_n yet_o idea_n be_v oftentimes_o term_v true_a or_o false_a as_o what_o word_n be_v there_o that_o be_v not_o use_v with_o great_a latitude_n and_o with_o some_o deviation_n from_o their_o strict_a and_o proper_a signification_n though_o i_o think_v that_o when_o idea_n themselves_o be_v term_v true_a or_o false_a there_o be_v still_o some_o secret_a or_o tacit_n proposition_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o that_o denomination_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v if_o we_o examine_v the_o particular_a occasion_n wherein_o they_o come_v to_o be_v call_v true_a or_o false_a in_o all_o which_o we_o shall_v find_v some_o kind_n of_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o denomination_n for_o our_o idea_n be_v nothing_o but_o bare_a appearance_n or_o perception_n in_o our_o mind_n can_v proper_o and_o simple_o in_o themselves_o be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a no_o more_o than_o a_o single_a name_n of_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a §_o 2._o indeed_o both_o idea_n and_o word_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a in_o a_o metaphysical_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n truth_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o any_o way_n exist_v be_v say_v to_o be_v true_a i._n e._n real_o to_o be_v such_o as_o they_o exist_v though_o in_o thing_n call_v true_a even_o in_o that_o sense_n there_o be_v perhaps_o a_o secret_a reference_n to_o our_o idea_n look_v upon_o as_o the_o standard_n of_o that_o truth_n which_o amount_v to_o a_o mental_a proposition_n though_o it_o be_v usual_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o §_o 3._o but_o it_o be_v not_o in_o that_o metaphysical_a sense_n of_o truth_n which_o we_o inquire_v here_o when_o we_o examine_v whether_o our_o idea_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v true_a or_o false_a but_o in_o the_o more_o ordinary_a acceptation_n of_o those_o word_n and_o so_o i_o say_v that_o the_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n be_v only_o so_o many_o perception_n or_o appearance_n there_o none_o of_o they_o be_v false_a the_o idea_n of_o a_o centaur_n have_v no_o more_o falsehood_n in_o it_o when_o it_o appear_v in_o our_o mind_n than_o the_o name_n centaur_n have_v falsehood_n in_o it_o when_o it_o be_v pronounce_v by_o our_o mouth_n or_o write_v on_o paper_n for_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n lie_v always_o in_o some_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n mental_a or_o verbal_a our_o idea_n be_v not_o capable_a any_o of_o they_o of_o be_v false_a till_o the_o mind_n pass_v some_o judgement_n on_o they_o that_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v something_o of_o they_o §_o 4._o when_o ever_o the_o mind_n refer_v any_o of_o its_o idea_n to_o any_o thing_n extraneous_a to_o they_o they_o be_v then_o capable_a to_o be_v call_v true_a or_o false_a because_o the_o mind_n in_o such_o a_o reference_n make_v a_o tacit_n supposition_n of_o their_o conformity_n to_o that_o thing_n which_o supposition_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a so_o the_o idea_n themselves_o come_v to_o be_v denominate_v the_o most_o usual_a case_n wherein_o this_o happen_v be_v these_o follow_v §_o 5._o first_o when_o the_o mind_n suppose_v any_o idea_n it_o have_v conformable_a to_o that_o in_o other_o man_n mind_n call_v by_o the_o same_o common_a name_n v_o g._n when_o the_o mind_n intend_v or_o judge_n its_o idea_n of_o justice_n temperance_n religion_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o what_o other_o man_n give_v those_o name_n to_o second_o when_o the_o mind_n suppose_v any_o idea_n it_o have_v in_o itself_o to_o be_v conformable_a to_o some_o real_a existence_n thus_o the_o two_o idea_n of_o a_o man_n and_o a_o centaur_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o idea_n of_o real_a substance_n be_v the_o one_o true_a and_o the_o other_o false_a the_o one_o have_v
complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n be_v make_v up_o of_o such_o simple_a one_o as_o have_v no_o union_n in_o nature_n may_v be_v term_v false_a but_o if_o he_o leave_v out_o of_o this_o his_o complex_fw-la idea_n that_o of_o fixedness_n quite_o without_o either_o actual_o join_v to_o or_o separate_v of_o it_o from_o the_o rest_n in_o his_o mind_n it_o be_v i_o think_v to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o inadequate_a and_o imperfect_a idea_n rather_o than_o a_o false_a one_o since_o though_o it_o contain_v not_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o be_v unite_v in_o nature_n yet_o it_o put_v none_o together_o but_o what_o do_v real_o exist_v together_o §_o 19_o though_o in_o compliance_n with_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o speak_v i_o have_v show_v in_o what_o sense_n and_o upon_o what_o ground_n our_o idea_n may_v be_v sometime_o call_v true_a or_o false_a yet_o if_o we_o will_v look_v a_o little_a near_o into_o the_o matter_n in_o all_o case_n where_o any_o idea_n be_v call_v true_a or_o false_a it_o be_v from_o some_o judgement_n that_o the_o mind_n make_v or_o be_v suppose_v to_o make_v that_o be_v true_a or_o false_a for_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n be_v never_o without_o some_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n express_v or_o tacit_fw-la it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v but_o where_o sign_n be_v join_v or_o separate_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o stand_v for_o the_o sign_n we_o chief_o use_v be_v either_o idea_n or_o word_n wherewith_o we_o make_v either_o mental_a or_o verbal_a proposition_n truth_n lie_v in_o so_o join_v or_o separate_v these_o representative_n as_o the_o thing_n they_o stand_v for_o do_v in_o themselves_o agree_v or_o disagree_v and_o falsehood_n in_o the_o contrary_a as_o shall_v be_v more_o full_o show_v hereafter_o §_o 20._o any_o idea_n than_o we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n whether_o conformable_a or_o not_o to_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n or_o to_o any_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o other_o man_n can_v proper_o for_o this_o alone_o be_v call_v false_a for_o these_o representation_n if_o they_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o but_o what_o be_v real_o exist_v in_o thing_n without_o can_v be_v think_v false_a be_v exact_a representation_n of_o something_o nor_o yet_o if_o they_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n can_v they_o proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v false_a representation_n or_o idea_n of_o thing_n they_o do_v not_o represent_v but_o the_o mistake_n and_o falsehood_n be_v §_o 21._o first_o when_o the_o mind_n have_v any_o idea_n it_o judge_n and_o conclude_v it_o the_o same_o that_o be_v in_o other_o man_n mind_n signify_v by_o the_o same_o name_n or_o that_o it_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a receive_v signification_n or_o definition_n of_o that_o word_n when_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o which_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a mistake_n in_o mix_a modes_n though_o other_o idea_n also_o be_v liable_a to_o it_o §_o 22_o second_o when_o it_o have_v a_o complex_fw-la idea_n make_v up_o of_o such_o a_o collection_n of_o simple_a one_o as_o nature_n never_o put_v together_o it_o judge_v it_o to_o agree_v to_o a_o species_n of_o creature_n real_o exist_v as_o when_o it_o join_v the_o weight_n of_o tin_n to_o the_o colour_n fusibility_n and_o fixedness_n of_o gold_n §_o 23._o three_o when_o in_o its_o complex_fw-la idea_n it_o have_v unite_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o do_v real_o exist_v together_o in_o some_o sort_n of_o creature_n but_o have_v also_o leave_v out_o other_o as_o much_o inseparable_a it_o judge_v this_o to_o be_v a_o perfect_a complete_a idea_n of_o a_o sort_n of_o thing_n which_o real_o it_o be_v not_o v._n g._n have_v join_v the_o idea_n of_o substance_n yellow_a malleable_a most_o heavy_a and_o fusible_a it_o take_v that_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o be_v the_o complete_a idea_n of_o gold_n when_o yet_o its_o peculiar_a fixedness_n and_o solubility_n in_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la be_v as_o inseparable_a from_o those_o other_o idea_n or_o quality_n of_o that_o body_n as_o they_o be_v one_o from_o another_o §_o 24._o four_o the_o mistake_n be_v yet_o great_a when_o i_o judge_v that_o this_o complex_fw-la idea_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o any_o body_n exist_v when_o at_o least_o it_o contain_v but_o some_o few_o of_o those_o property_n which_o flow_v from_o its_o real_a essence_n and_o constitution_n i_o say_v only_o some_o few_o of_o those_o property_n for_o those_o property_n consist_v most_o in_o the_o active_a and_o passive_a power_n it_o have_v in_o reference_n to_o other_o thing_n all_o that_o be_v vulgar_o know_v of_o any_o one_o body_n and_o of_o which_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o thing_n be_v usual_o make_v be_v but_o a_o very_a few_o in_o comparison_n of_o what_o a_o man_n that_o have_v several_a way_n try_v and_o examine_v it_o know_v of_o that_o one_o sort_n of_o thing_n and_o all_o that_o the_o most_o expert_a man_n know_v be_v but_o few_o in_o comparison_n of_o what_o be_v real_o in_o that_o body_n and_o depend_v on_o its_o internal_a or_o essential_a constitution_n the_o essence_n of_o a_o triangle_n lie_v in_o a_o very_a little_a compass_n consist_v in_o a_o very_a few_o idea_n three_o line_n meet_v at_o three_o angle_n make_v up_o that_o essence_n but_o the_o property_n that_o flow_v from_o this_o essence_n be_v more_o than_o can_v be_v easy_o know_v or_o enumerate_v so_o i_o imagine_v it_o be_v in_o substance_n their_o real_a essence_n lie_v in_o a_o little_a compass_n though_o the_o property_n flow_v from_o that_o internal_a constitution_n be_v endless_a §_o 25._o to_o conclude_v a_o man_n have_v no_o notion_n of_o any_o thing_n without_o he_o but_o by_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v of_o it_o in_o his_o mind_n which_o idea_n he_o have_v a_o power_n to_o call_v by_o what_o name_n he_o please_v he_o may_v indeed_o make_v a_o idea_n neither_o answer_v the_o reality_n of_o thing_n nor_o agree_v to_o the_o idea_n common_o signify_v by_o other_o people_n word_n but_o can_v make_v a_o wrong_n or_o false_a idea_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v no_o otherwise_o know_v to_o he_o but_o by_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v of_o it_o v_o g._n when_o i_o frame_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o leg_n arm_n and_o body_n of_o a_o man_n and_o join_v to_o this_o a_o horse_n head_n and_o neck_n i_o do_v not_o make_v a_o false_a idea_n of_o any_o thing_n because_o it_o represent_v nothing_o without_o i_o but_o when_o i_o call_v it_o a_o man_n or_o tartar_n and_o imagine_v it_o either_o to_o represent_v some_o real_a be_v without_o i_o or_o to_o be_v the_o same_o idea_n that_o other_o call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n i_o may_v err_v and_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o it_o come_v to_o be_v term_v a_o false_a idea_n though_o indeed_o the_o falsehood_n lie_v not_o in_o the_o idea_n but_o in_o that_o tacit_n mental_a proposition_n wherein_o a_o conformity_n and_o resemblance_n be_v attribute_v to_o it_o which_o it_o have_v not_o but_o yet_o if_o have_v frame_v such_o a_o idea_n in_o my_o mind_n without_o think_v either_o that_o existence_n or_o the_o name_n man_n or_o tartar_n belong_v to_o it_o i_o will_v call_v it_o man_n or_o tartar_n i_o may_v be_v just_o think_v fantastical_a in_o the_o name_v but_o not_o erroneous_a in_o my_o judgement_n nor_o the_o idea_n any_o way_n false_a §_o 26._o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o think_v that_o our_o idea_n as_o they_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o mind_n either_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o proper_a signification_n of_o their_o name_n or_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v call_v right_a or_o wrong_a idea_n according_a as_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v to_o those_o pattern_n to_o which_o they_o be_v refer_v but_o if_o any_o one_o have_v rather_o call_v they_o true_a or_o false_a it_o be_v fit_a he_o use_v a_o liberty_n which_o every_o one_o have_v to_o call_v thing_n by_o those_o name_n he_o think_v best_o though_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n truth_n or_o falsehood_n will_n i_o think_v scarce_o agree_v to_o they_o but_o as_o they_o some_o way_n or_o other_o virtual_o contain_v in_o they_o some_o mental_a proposition_n the_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o a_o man_n mind_n simple_o consider_v can_v be_v wrong_a unless_o complex_fw-la one_o wherein_o inconsistent_a part_n be_v jumble_v together_o all_o other_o idea_n be_v in_o themselves_o right_a and_o the_o knowledge_n about_o they_o right_a and_o true_a knowledge_n but_o when_o we_o come_v to_o refer_v they_o to_o any_o thing_n as_o to_o their_o pattern_n and_o archetype_n than_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v
distinct_a species_n from_o kill_v a_o man_n son_n or_o neighbour_n it_o be_v because_o of_o the_o distinct_a punishment_n the_o one_o deserve_v different_a from_o the_o other_o murder_n and_o therefore_o they_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o mention_v it_o by_o a_o distinct_a name_n which_o be_v the_o end_n of_o make_v that_o distinct_a combination_n but_o though_o the_o idea_n of_o mother_n and_o daughter_n be_v so_o different_o treat_v in_o reference_n to_o the_o idea_n of_o kill_v that_o the_o one_o be_v join_v with_o it_o to_o make_v a_o distinct_a abstract_n idea_n with_o a_o name_n and_o so_o a_o distinct_a species_n and_o the_o other_o not_o yet_o in_o respect_n of_o carnal_a knowledge_n they_o be_v both_o take_v in_o under_o incest_n and_o that_o still_o for_o the_o same_o convenience_n of_o express_v under_o one_o name_n and_o reckon_n of_o one_o species_n such_o unclean_a mixture_n as_o have_v a_o peculiar_a turpitude_n beyond_o other_o and_o this_o to_o avoid_v circumlocution_n and_o tedious_a description_n §_o 8._o a_o moderate_a skill_n in_o different_a language_n will_v easy_o satisfy_v one_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o it_o be_v so_o obvious_a to_o observe_v great_a store_n of_o word_n in_o one_o language_n which_o have_v not_o any_o that_o answer_v they_o in_o another_o which_o plain_o show_v that_o those_o of_o one_o country_n by_o their_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o life_n have_v find_v occasion_n to_o make_v several_a complex_fw-la idea_n and_o give_v name_n to_o they_o which_o other_o never_o collect_v into_o specific_a idea_n this_o can_v not_o have_v happen_v if_o these_o species_n be_v the_o steady_a workmanship_n of_o nature_n and_o not_o collection_n make_v and_o abstract_v by_o the_o mind_n in_o order_n to_o name_v and_o for_o the_o convenience_n of_o communication_n the_o term_n of_o our_o law_n which_o be_v not_o empty_a sound_n will_v hardly_o find_v word_n that_o answer_v they_o in_o the_o spanish_a or_o italian_a no_o scanty_a language_n much_o less_o i_o think_v can_v any_o one_o translate_v they_o into_o the_o caribee_n or_o westoe_n tongue_n and_o the_o versura_n of_o the_o roman_n or_o corban_n of_o the_o jew_n have_v no_o word_n in_o other_o language_n to_o answer_v they_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v nay_o if_o we_o will_v look_v a_o little_a more_o near_o into_o this_o matter_n and_o exact_o compare_v different_a language_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o though_o they_o have_v word_n which_o in_o translation_n and_o dictionary_n be_v suppose_v to_o answer_v one_o another_o yet_o there_o be_v scarce_o one_o of_o ten_o among_o the_o name_n of_o complex_fw-la idea_n especial_o of_o mix_a modes_n that_o stand_v for_o the_o same_o precise_a idea_n which_o the_o word_n do_v that_o in_o dictionary_n it_o be_v render_v by_o there_o be_v no_o idea_n more_o common_a and_o less_o compound_v than_o the_o measure_n of_o time_n extension_n and_o weight_n and_o the_o latin_a name_n hora_n pes_fw-la libra_n be_v without_o difficulty_n render_v by_o the_o english_a name_n hour_n foot_n and_o poâ—nd_v but_o yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o evident_a than_o that_o the_o idea_n a_o roman_a annex_v to_o these_o latin_a name_n be_v very_o far_o different_a from_o those_o which_o a_o englishman_n express_v by_o those_o english_a one_o and_o if_o either_o of_o these_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o measure_n that_o those_o of_o the_o other_o language_n design_v by_o their_o name_n he_o will_v be_v quite_o out_o in_o his_o account_n these_o be_v too_o sensible_a proof_n to_o be_v doubt_v and_o we_o shall_v find_v this_o much_o more_o so_o in_o the_o name_n of_o more_o abstract_a and_o compound_a idea_n such_o as_o be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o which_o make_v up_o moral_a discourse_n who_o name_n when_o man_n come_v curious_o to_o compare_v with_o those_o they_o be_v translate_v into_o in_o other_o language_n they_o will_v find_v very_o few_o of_o they_o exact_o to_o correspond_v in_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o their_o signification_n §_o 9_o the_o reason_n why_o i_o take_v so_o particular_a notice_n of_o this_o be_v that_o we_o may_v not_o be_v mistake_v about_o genera_n and_o species_n and_o essence_n as_o if_o they_o be_v thing_n regular_o and_o constant_o make_v by_o nature_n and_o have_v a_o real_a existence_n in_o thing_n when_o they_o appear_v upon_o a_o more_o wary_a survey_n to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o artifice_n of_o the_o understanding_n for_o the_o easy_a signify_v such_o collection_n of_o idea_n as_o it_o shall_v often_o have_v occasion_n to_o communicate_v by_o one_o general_a term_n under_o which_o divers_a particular_n as_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o agree_v to_o that_o abstract_n idea_n may_v be_v comprehend_v and_o if_o the_o doubtful_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n species_n may_v make_v it_o sound_v harsh_a to_o some_o that_o i_o say_v that_o the_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v make_v by_o the_o understanding_n yet_o i_o think_v it_o can_v by_o no_o body_n be_v deny_v that_o it_o be_v the_o mind_n make_v those_o abstract_a complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o specific_a name_n be_v give_v and_o if_o it_o be_v true_a as_o it_o be_v that_o the_o mind_n make_v these_o pattern_n for_o sort_v and_o name_v of_o thing_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v consider_v who_o make_v the_o boundary_n of_o the_o sort_n or_o species_n since_o with_o i_o species_n and_o sort_n have_v no_o other_o difference_n than_o that_o of_o a_o latin_a and_o english_a idiom_n §_o 10._o the_o near_a relation_n that_o there_o be_v between_o species_n essence_n and_o their_o general_a name_n at_o least_o in_o mix_a modes_n will_v far_o appear_v when_o we_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v the_o name_n that_o seem_v to_o preserve_v those_o essence_n and_o give_v they_o their_o last_a duration_n for_o the_o connexion_n between_o the_o loose_a part_n of_o those_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v make_v by_o the_o mind_n this_o union_n which_o have_v no_o particular_a foundation_n in_o nature_n will_v cease_v again_o be_v there_o not_o something_o that_o do_v as_o it_o be_v hold_v it_o together_o and_o keep_v the_o part_n from_o scatter_v though_o therefore_o it_o be_v the_o mind_n that_o make_v the_o collection_n it_o be_v the_o name_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o knot_n that_o tie_v they_o fast_o together_o what_o a_o vast_a variety_n of_o different_a idea_n do_v the_o word_n triumphus_fw-la hold_v together_o and_o deliver_v to_o we_o as_o one_o species_n have_v this_o name_n be_v never_o make_v or_o quite_o lose_v we_o may_v no_o doubt_n have_v have_v description_n of_o what_o pass_v in_o that_o solemnity_n but_o yet_o i_o think_v that_o which_o hold_v those_o different_a part_n together_o in_o the_o unity_n of_o one_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v that_o very_a word_n annex_v to_o it_o without_o which_o the_o several_a part_n of_o that_o will_v no_o more_o be_v think_v to_o make_v one_o thing_n than_o any_o other_o show_n which_o have_v never_o be_v make_v but_o once_o have_v never_o be_v unite_v into_o one_o complex_fw-la idea_n under_o one_o denomination_n how_o much_o therefore_o in_o mix_a modes_n the_o unity_n necessary_a to_o any_o essence_n depend_v on_o the_o mind_n and_o how_o much_o the_o continuation_n and_o fix_v of_o that_o unity_n depend_v on_o the_o name_n in_o common_a use_n annex_v to_o it_o i_o leave_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o those_o who_o look_v upon_o essence_n and_o species_n as_o real_a establish_a thing_n in_o nature_n §_o 11._o suitable_a to_o this_o we_o find_v that_o man_n speak_v of_o mix_a modes_n seldom_o imagine_v or_o take_v any_o other_o for_o species_n of_o they_o but_o such_o as_o be_v set_v out_o by_o name_n because_o they_o be_v of_o man_n make_v only_o in_o order_n to_o name_v no_o such_o species_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o or_o suppose_v to_o be_v unless_o a_o name_n be_v join_v to_o it_o as_o the_o sign_n of_o man_n have_v combine_v into_o one_o idea_n several_a loose_a one_o and_o by_o that_o name_n give_v a_o last_a union_n to_o the_o part_n which_o will_v otherwise_o cease_v to_o have_v any_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o mind_n lay_v by_o that_o abstract_n idea_n and_o cease_v actual_o to_o think_v on_o it_o but_o when_o a_o name_n be_v once_o annex_v to_o it_o wherein_o the_o part_n of_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n have_v a_o settle_a and_o permanent_a union_n then_o be_v the_o essence_n as_o it_o be_v establish_v and_o the_o species_n look_v on_o as_o complete_a for_o to_o what_o purpose_n shall_v the_o memory_n charge_v itself_o with_o such_o composition_n unless_o it_o be_v by_o abstraction_n to_o make_v they_o general_a and_o to_o what_o purpose_n make_v they_o general_a unless_o it_o be_v that_o they_o may_v have_v general_a name_n for_o the_o convenience_n
of_o discourse_n and_o communication_n thus_o we_o see_v that_o kill_v a_o man_n with_o a_o sword_n or_o a_o hatchet_n be_v look_v on_o as_o no_o distinct_a species_n of_o action_n but_o if_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sword_n first_o enter_v the_o body_n it_o pass_v for_o a_o distinct_a species_n where_o it_o have_v a_o distinct_a name_n as_o in_o england_n in_o who_o language_n it_o be_v call_v stab_v but_o in_o another_o country_n where_o it_o have_v not_o happen_v to_o be_v specify_v under_o a_o peculiar_a name_n it_o pass_v not_o for_o a_o distinct_a species_n but_o in_o the_o species_n of_o corporeal_a substance_n though_o it_o be_v the_o mind_n that_o make_v the_o nominal_a essence_n yet_o since_o those_o idea_n which_o be_v combine_v in_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o union_n in_o nature_n whether_o the_o mind_n join_v they_o or_o no_o therefore_o those_o be_v look_v on_o as_o distinct_a species_n without_o any_o operation_n of_o the_o mind_n either_o abstract_n or_o give_v a_o name_n to_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n §_o 12._o conformable_a also_o to_o what_o have_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n that_o they_o be_v the_o creature_n of_o the_o understanding_n rather_o than_o the_o work_n of_o nature_n conformable_a i_o say_v to_o this_o we_o find_v that_o their_o name_n lead_v our_o thought_n to_o the_o mind_n and_o no_o far_o when_o we_o speak_v of_o justice_n or_o gratitude_n we_o frame_v to_o ourselves_o no_o imagination_n of_o any_o thing_n exist_v which_o we_o will_v conceive_v but_o our_o thought_n terminate_v in_o the_o abstract_n idea_n of_o those_o virtue_n and_o look_v not_o far_o as_o they_o do_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o a_o horse_n or_o iron_n who_o specific_a idea_n we_o consider_v not_o as_o bare_o in_o the_o mind_n but_o as_o in_o thing_n themselves_o which_o afford_v the_o original_a pattern_n of_o those_o idea_n but_o in_o mix_a modes_n at_o least_o the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o they_o which_o be_v moral_a being_n we_o consider_v the_o original_a pattern_n as_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o to_o those_o we_o refer_v for_o the_o distinguish_n of_o particular_a being_n under_o name_n and_o hence_o i_o think_v it_o be_v that_o these_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v by_o a_o more_o particular_a name_n call_v notion_n as_o by_o a_o peculiar_a right_n appertain_v to_o the_o understanding_n §_o 13._o this_o also_o show_v we_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v common_o more_o compound_v and_o decompound_v than_o those_o of_o natural_a substance_n because_o they_o be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o understanding_n pursue_v only_o its_o own_o end_n and_o the_o conveniency_n of_o express_v in_o short_a those_o idea_n it_o will_v make_v know_v to_o another_o do_v with_o great_a liberty_n unite_v often_o into_o one_o abstract_a idea_n thing_n that_o in_o their_o nature_n have_v no_o coherence_n and_o so_o under_o one_o term_n bundle_n together_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o compound_a and_o decompound_v idea_n thus_o the_o name_n of_o procession_n what_o a_o great_a mixture_n of_o independent_a idea_n of_o person_n habit_n taper_n order_n motion_n sound_n do_v it_o contain_v in_o that_o complex_fw-la one_o which_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n have_v arbitrary_o put_v together_o to_o express_v by_o that_o one_o name_n whereas_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o substance_n be_v usual_o make_v up_o of_o only_a a_o small_a number_n of_o simple_a one_o and_o in_o the_o species_n of_o animal_n those_o two_o viz._n shape_n and_o voice_n common_o make_v the_o whole_a nominal_a essence_n §_o 14._o another_o thing_n we_o may_v observe_v from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v be_v that_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n always_o signify_v when_o they_o have_v any_o distinct_a signification_n the_o real_a essence_n of_o their_o species_n for_o these_o abstract_n idea_n be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o not_o refer_v to_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n there_o be_v no_o supposition_n of_o any_o thing_n more_o signify_v by_o that_o name_n but_o bare_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o mind_n itself_o have_v form_v which_o be_v all_o it_o will_v have_v express_v by_o it_o and_o be_v that_o on_o which_o all_o the_o property_n of_o the_o species_n depend_v and_o from_o which_o alone_o they_o all_o flow_v and_o so_o in_o these_o the_o real_a and_o nominal_a essence_n be_v the_o same_o which_o of_o what_o concernment_n it_o be_v to_o the_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o general_a truth_n we_o shall_v see_v hereafter_o §_o 15._o this_o also_o may_v show_v we_o the_o reason_n why_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n be_v get_v before_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v perfect_o know_v because_o there_o be_v no_o species_n of_o these_o ordinary_o take_v notice_n of_o but_o what_o have_v name_n and_o those_o species_n or_o rather_o their_o essence_n be_v abstract_a complex_fw-la idea_n make_v arbitrary_o by_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v convenient_a if_o not_o necessary_a to_o know_v the_o name_n before_o one_o endeavour_n to_o frame_v these_o complex_fw-la idea_n unless_o a_o man_n will_v fill_v his_o head_n with_o a_o company_n of_o abstract_n complex_fw-la idea_n which_o other_o have_v no_o name_n for_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o but_o to_o lay_v by_o and_o forget_v again_o i_o confess_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o language_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v the_o idea_n before_o one_o give_v it_o the_o name_n and_o so_o it_o be_v still_o where_o make_v a_o new_a complex_fw-la idea_n one_o also_o by_o give_v it_o a_o new_a name_n make_v a_o new_a word_n but_o this_o concern_v not_o language_n make_v which_o have_v general_o pretty_a well_o provide_v for_o idea_n which_o man_n have_v frequent_a occasion_n to_o have_v and_o communicate_v and_o in_o such_o i_o ask_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o the_o ordinary_a 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into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n but_o i_o be_v willing_a to_o stay_v my_o reader_n on_o a_o argument_n that_o appear_v to_o i_o new_a and_o a_o little_a out_o of_o the_o way_n i_o be_o sure_a it_o be_v one_o i_o think_v not_o of_o when_o i_o begin_v to_o write_v that_o by_o search_v it_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o turn_v it_o on_o every_o side_n some_o part_n or_o other_o may_v meet_v with_o every_o one_o thought_n and_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o most_o averse_a or_o negligent_a to_o reflect_v on_o a_o general_a miscarriage_n which_o though_o of_o great_a consequence_n be_v little_o take_v notice_n of_o when_o it_o be_v consider_v what_o a_o pother_n be_v make_v about_o essence_n and_o how_o much_o all_o sort_n of_o knowledge_n discourse_n and_o conversation_n be_v pester_v and_o disorder_v by_o the_o careless_a and_o confuse_a use_n and_o application_n of_o word_n it_o will_v perhaps_o be_v think_v worth_n while_o thorough_o to_o lay_v it_o open_a and_o i_o shall_v be_v pardon_v if_o i_o have_v dwell_v long_o on_o a_o argument_n which_o i_o think_v therefore_o needs_o to_o be_v inculcate_v because_o the_o fault_n man_n be_v usual_o guilty_a of_o in_o this_o kind_n be_v not_o only_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o true_a knowledge_n but_o be_v so_o well_o think_v of_o as_o to_o pass_v for_o it_o man_n will_v often_o see_v what_o a_o small_a pittance_n of_o reason_n and_o truth_n or_o possible_o none_o at_o all_o be_v mix_v with_o those_o huff_a opinion_n they_o be_v swell_v with_o if_o they_o will_v but_o look_v beyond_o fashionable_a sound_n and_o observe_v what_o idea_n be_v or_o be_v not_o comprehend_v under_o those_o word_n with_o which_o they_o be_v so_o arm_v at_o all_o point_n and_o with_o which_o they_o so_o confident_o lay_v about_o they_o i_o shall_v imagine_v i_o
have_v do_v some_o service_n to_o truth_n peace_n and_o learning_n if_o by_o any_o enlargement_n on_o this_o subject_a i_o can_v make_v man_n reflect_v on_o their_o own_o use_n of_o language_n and_o give_v they_o reason_n to_o suspect_v that_o since_o it_o be_v frequent_a for_o other_o it_o may_v also_o be_v possible_a for_o they_o to_o have_v sometime_o very_o good_a and_o approve_a word_n in_o their_o mouth_n and_o write_n with_o very_o uncertain_a little_a or_o no_o signification_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o unreasonable_a for_o they_o to_o be_v wary_a herein_o themselves_o and_o not_o to_o be_v unwilling_a to_o have_v they_o examine_v by_o other_o with_o this_o design_n therefore_o i_o shall_v go_v on_o with_o what_o i_o have_v far_o to_o say_v concern_v this_o matter_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n §_o 1._o the_o common_a name_n of_o substance_n as_o well_o as_o other_o general_a term_n stand_v for_o sort_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o be_v make_v sign_n of_o such_o complex_fw-la idea_n wherein_o several_a particular_a substance_n do_v or_o may_v agree_v by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o be_v capable_a to_o be_v comprehend_v in_o one_o common_a conception_n and_o be_v signify_v by_o one_o name_n i_o say_v do_v or_o may_v agree_v for_o though_o there_o be_v but_o one_o sun_n exist_v in_o the_o world_n yet_o the_o idea_n of_o it_o be_v abstract_v so_o as_o that_o more_o substance_n if_o there_o be_v several_a may_v each_o agree_v in_o it_o it_o be_v as_o much_o a_o sort_n as_o if_o there_o be_v as_o many_o sun_n as_o there_o be_v star_n they_o want_v not_o their_o reason_n who_o think_v there_o be_v and_o that_o each_o fix_a star_n will_v answer_v the_o idea_n the_o name_n sun_n stand_v for_o to_o one_o who_o be_v place_v in_o a_o due_a distance_n which_o by_o the_o way_n may_v show_v we_o how_o much_o the_o sort_n or_o if_o you_o please_v genera_n and_o species_n of_o thing_n for_o those_o latin_a term_n signify_v to_o i_o no_o more_o than_o the_o english_a word_n sort_v depend_v on_o such_o collection_n of_o idea_n as_o man_n have_v make_v and_o not_o on_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n since_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o that_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n that_o may_v be_v a_o sun_n to_o one_o which_o be_v a_o star_n to_o another_o §_o 2._o the_o measure_n and_o boundary_a of_o each_o sort_n or_o species_n whereby_o it_o be_v constitute_v that_o particular_a sort_n and_o distinguish_v from_o other_o be_v that_o we_o call_v its_o essence_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o that_o abstract_n idea_n to_o which_o the_o name_n be_v annex_v so_o that_o every_o thing_n contain_v in_o that_o idea_n be_v essential_a to_o that_o sort._n this_o though_o it_o be_v all_o the_o essence_n of_o natural_a substance_n that_o we_o know_v or_o by_o which_o we_o distinguish_v they_o into_o sort_n yet_o i_o call_v it_o by_o a_o peculiar_a name_n the_o nominal_a essence_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o real_a constitution_n of_o substance_n upon_o which_o depend_v this_o nominal_a essence_n and_o all_o the_o property_n of_o that_o sort_n which_o therefore_o as_o have_v be_v say_v may_v be_v call_v the_o real_a essence_n v_o g._n the_o nominal_a essence_n of_o gold_n be_v that_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o word_n gold_n stand_v for_o let_v it_o be_v for_o instance_n a_o body_n yellow_a of_o a_o certain_a weight_n malleable_a fusible_a and_o fix_v but_o the_o real_a essence_n be_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o insensible_a part_n of_o that_o body_n on_o which_o those_o quality_n and_o all_o the_o other_o property_n of_o gold_n depend_v how_o far_o these_o two_o be_v different_a though_o they_o be_v both_o call_v essence_n be_v obvious_a at_o â—irst_n sight_n to_o discover_v §_o 3._o for_o though_o perhaps_o voluntary_a motion_n with_o sense_n and_o reason_n join_v to_o a_o body_n of_o a_o certain_a shape_n be_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o i_o and_o other_o annex_v the_o name_n man_n and_o so_o be_v the_o nominal_a essence_n of_o the_o species_n so_o call_v yet_o no_o body_n will_v say_v that_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v the_o real_a essence_n and_o source_n of_o all_o those_o operation_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o individual_a of_o that_o sort._n the_o foundation_n of_o all_o those_o quality_n which_o be_v the_o ingredient_n of_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v something_o quite_o different_a and_o have_v we_o such_o a_o knowledge_n of_o that_o constitution_n of_o man_n from_o which_o his_o faculty_n of_o move_a sensation_n and_o reason_v and_o other_o power_n flow_v and_o on_o which_o his_o so_o regular_a shape_n depend_v as_o it_o be_v possible_a angel_n have_v and_o it_o be_v certain_a his_o maker_n have_v we_o shall_v have_v a_o quite_o other_o idea_n of_o his_o essence_n than_o what_o now_o be_v contain_v in_o our_o definition_n of_o that_o species_n be_v it_o what_o it_o will_v and_o our_o idea_n of_o any_o individual_a man_n will_v be_v as_o far_o different_a from_o what_o it_o now_o be_v as_o be_v his_o who_o know_v all_o the_o spring_n and_o wheel_n and_o other_o contrivance_n within_o of_o the_o famous_a clock_n at_o strasburg_n be_v from_o that_o which_o a_o gaze_a countryman_n have_v of_o it_o who_o bare_o see_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o hand_n and_o hear_v the_o clock_n strike_v and_o observe_v only_o some_o of_o the_o outward_a appearance_n §_o 4._o how_o much_o essence_n in_o the_o ordinary_a use_n of_o the_o word_n relate_v to_o sort_n and_o that_o it_o be_v consider_v in_o particular_a being_n no_o far_o than_o as_o they_o be_v rank_v into_o sort_n appear_v from_o hence_o that_o take_v but_o away_o the_o abstract_n idea_n by_o which_o we_o sort_v individual_n and_o rank_v they_o under_o common_a name_n and_o then_o the_o thought_n of_o any_o thing_n essential_a to_o any_o of_o they_o instant_o vanish_v we_o have_v no_o notion_n of_o the_o one_o without_o the_o other_o which_o plain_o show_v their_o relation_n it_o be_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o be_v as_o i_o be_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v make_v i_o so_o but_o there_o be_v nothing_o i_o have_v be_v essential_a to_o i_o a_o accident_n or_o disease_n may_v very_o much_o alter_v my_o colour_n or_o shape_n a_o fever_n or_o fall_v may_v take_v away_o my_o reason_n or_o memory_n or_o both_o and_o a_o apoplex_a leave_n neither_o sense_n nor_o understanding_n no_o nor_o life_n other_o creature_n of_o my_o shape_n may_v be_v make_v with_o more_o and_o better_o or_o few_o and_o worse_a faculty_n than_o i_o have_v and_o other_o may_v have_v reason_n and_o sense_n in_o a_o shape_n and_o body_n very_o different_a from_o i_o none_o of_o these_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o or_o to_o any_o individual_a whatsoever_o till_o the_o mind_n refer_v it_o to_o some_o sort_n or_o species_n of_o thing_n and_o then_o present_o according_a to_o the_o abstract_n idea_n of_o that_o sort_n something_o be_v find_v essential_a let_v any_o one_o examine_v his_o own_o thought_n and_o he_o will_v find_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o suppose_v or_o speak_v of_o essential_a the_o consideration_n of_o some_o species_n or_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o some_o general_a name_n come_v into_o his_o mind_n and_o it_o be_v in_o reference_n to_o that_o that_o this_o or_o that_o quality_n be_v say_v to_o be_v essential_a so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v ask_v whether_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o i_o or_o any_o other_o particular_a corporeal_a be_v to_o have_v reason_n i_o say_v no_o nor_o more_o than_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o this_o white_a thing_n i_o write_v on_o to_o have_v word_n in_o it_o but_o if_o that_o particular_a be_v be_v to_o be_v count_v of_o the_o sort_n man_n and_o to_o have_v that_o name_n man_n give_v it_o than_o reason_n be_v essential_a to_o it_o suppose_v reason_n to_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o name_n man_n stand_v for_o as_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o this_o thing_n i_o write_v on_o to_o contain_v word_n if_o i_o will_v give_v it_o the_o name_n treatise_n and_o rank_v it_o under_o that_o species_n so_o that_o essential_a and_o not_o essential_a relate_v only_o to_o our_o abstract_n idea_n and_o the_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o which_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o whatever_o particular_a thing_n have_v not_o in_o it_o those_o quality_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o abstract_n idea_n which_o any_o general_a term_n stand_v for_o can_v be_v rank_v under_o that_o species_n nor_o be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n since_o that_o abstract_a idea_n be_v the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o species_n §_o 5._o thus_o if_o the_o idea_n of_o body_n with_o some_o people_n be_v bare_a extension_n or_o
conformable_a to_o this_o archetype_n and_o intend_v the_o name_n shall_v stand_v for_o a_o idea_n so_o conformable_a §_o 46._o this_o piece_n of_o matter_n thus_o denominate_v zahab_n by_o adam_n be_v quite_o different_a from_o any_o he_o have_v see_v before_o no_o body_n i_o think_v will_v deny_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a species_n and_o to_o have_v its_o peculiar_a essence_n and_o that_o the_o name_n zahab_n be_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o species_n and_o a_o name_n belong_v to_o all_o thing_n partake_v in_o that_o essence_n but_o here_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o essence_n adam_n signify_v and_o make_v the_o name_n zahab_n stand_v for_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o body_n hard_a shine_a yellow_a and_o very_o heavy_a but_o the_o inquisitive_a mind_n of_o man_n not_o content_a with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o as_o i_o may_v say_v superficial_a quality_n put_v adam_n upon_o far_a examination_n of_o this_o matter_n he_o therefore_o knock_v and_o beat_v it_o with_o flint_n to_o see_v what_o be_v discoverable_a in_o the_o inside_n he_o find_v it_o yield_v to_o blow_n but_o not_o easy_o separate_v into_o piece_n he_o find_v it_o will_v bend_v without_o break_v be_v not_o now_o ductility_n to_o be_v add_v to_o his_o former_a idea_n and_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n that_o name_v zahab_n stand_v for_o farther_o trial_n discover_v fusibility_n and_o fixedness_n be_v not_o they_o also_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o any_o of_o the_o other_o be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o name_n zahab_n if_o not_o what_o reason_n will_v there_o be_v show_v more_o for_o the_o one_o than_o the_o other_o if_o these_o must_v than_o all_o the_o other_o property_n which_o any_o far_a trial_n shall_v discover_v in_o this_o matter_n aught_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n to_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o ingredient_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o the_o name_n zahab_n stand_v for_o and_o so_o be_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n mark_v by_o that_o name_n which_o property_n because_o they_o be_v endless_a it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o idea_n make_v after_o this_o fashion_n by_o this_o archetype_n will_v be_v always_o inadequate_a §_o 47._o but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o it_o will_v also_o follow_v that_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n will_v not_o only_o have_v as_o in_o truth_n they_o have_v but_o will_v also_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v different_a signification_n as_o use_v by_o different_a man_n which_o will_v very_o much_o cumber_v the_o use_n of_o language_n for_o if_o every_o distinct_a quality_n that_o be_v discover_v in_o any_o matter_n by_o any_o one_o be_v suppose_v to_o make_v a_o necessary_a part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o common_a name_n give_v it_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o man_n must_v suppose_v the_o same_o word_n to_o signify_v different_a thing_n in_o different_a man_n since_o they_o can_v doubt_v but_o different_a man_n may_v have_v discover_v several_a quality_n in_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o denomination_n which_o other_o know_v nothing_o of_o §_o 48._o to_o avoid_v this_o therefore_o they_o have_v suppose_v a_o real_a essence_n belong_v to_o every_o species_n from_o which_o these_o property_n all_o flow_n and_o will_v have_v their_o name_n of_o the_o species_n stand_v for_o that_o but_o they_o not_o have_v any_o idea_n of_o that_o real_a essence_n in_o substance_n and_o their_o word_n signify_v nothing_o but_o the_o idea_n they_o have_v that_o which_o be_v do_v by_o this_o attempt_n be_v only_o to_o put_v the_o name_n or_o sound_n in_o the_o place_n and_o stead_n of_o the_o thing_n have_v that_o real_a essence_n without_o know_v what_o that_o real_a essence_n be_v and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o man_n do_v when_o they_o speak_v of_o species_n of_o thing_n as_o suppose_v they_o make_v by_o nature_n and_o distinguish_v by_o real_a essence_n §_o 49._o for_o let_v we_o consider_v when_o we_o affirm_v that_o all_o gold_n be_v fix_v either_o it_o mean_v that_o fixedness_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n part_n of_o the_o nominal_a essence_n the_o word_n gold_n stand_v for_o and_o so_o this_o affirmation_n all_o gold_n be_v fix_v contain_v nothing_o but_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o term_n gold_n or_o else_o it_o mean_v that_o fixedness_n not_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o word_n gold_n be_v a_o property_n of_o that_o substance_n itself_o in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o word_n gold_n stand_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o substance_n have_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o a_o species_n of_o thing_n make_v by_o nature_n in_o which_o way_n of_o substitution_n it_o have_v so_o confuse_v and_o uncertain_a a_o signification_n that_o though_o this_o proposition_n gold_n be_v fix_v be_v in_o that_o sense_n a_o affirmation_n of_o something_o real_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o truth_n will_v always_o fail_v we_o in_o its_o particular_a application_n and_o so_o be_v of_o no_o real_a use_n nor_o certainty_n for_o let_v it_o be_v never_o so_o true_a that_o all_o god_n i._n e._n all_o that_o have_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o gold_n be_v fix_v what_o serve_v this_o for_o whilst_o we_o know_v not_o in_o this_o sense_n what_o be_v or_o be_v not_o gold_n for_o if_o we_o know_v not_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o gold_n it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v know_v what_o parcel_n of_o matter_n have_v that_o essence_n and_o so_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a gold_n or_o no._n §_o 50._o to_o conclude_v what_o liberty_n adam_n have_v at_o first_o to_o make_v any_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n by_o no_o other_o pattern_n but_o by_o his_o own_o thought_n the_o same_o have_v all_o man_n ever_o since_o have_v and_o the_o same_o necessity_n of_o conform_v his_o idea_n of_o substance_n to_o thing_n without_o he_o as_o to_z archetype_n make_v by_o nature_n that_o adam_n be_v under_o if_o he_o will_v not_o wilful_o impose_v upon_o himself_o the_o same_o be_v all_o man_n ever_o since_o under_o too_o the_o same_o liberty_n also_o that_o adam_n have_v of_o affix_v any_o new_a name_n to_o any_o idea_n the_o same_o have_v any_o one_o still_o especial_o the_o beginner_n of_o language_n if_o we_o can_v imagine_v any_o such_o but_o only_a with_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o place_n where_o man_n in_o society_n have_v already_o establish_v a_o language_n among_o they_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n be_v very_o wary_o and_o spare_o to_o be_v alter_v because_o man_n be_v furnish_v already_o with_o name_n for_o their_o idea_n and_o common_a use_n have_v appropriate_v know_v name_n to_o certain_a idea_n a_o affect_a misapplication_n of_o they_o can_v but_o be_v very_o ridiculous_a he_o that_o have_v new_a notion_n will_n perhaps_o venture_v sometime_o on_o the_o coin_v new_a term_n to_o express_v they_o man_n think_v it_o a_o boldness_n and_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o common_a use_n will_v ever_o make_v they_o pass_v for_o currant_n but_o in_o communication_n with_o other_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o conform_v the_o idea_n we_o make_v the_o vulgar_a word_n of_o any_o language_n stand_v for_o to_o their_o know_a proper_a signification_n which_o i_o have_v explain_v at_o large_a already_o or_o else_o to_o make_v know_v that_o new_a signification_n we_o apply_v they_o to_o chap._n vii_o of_o particle_n §_o 1._o beside_o word_n which_o be_v name_n of_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o other_o that_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o signify_v the_o connexion_n that_o the_o mind_n give_v to_o idea_n or_o proposition_n one_o with_o another_o the_o mind_n in_o communicate_v with_o other_o do_v not_o only_o need_v sign_n of_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v then_o before_o it_o but_o other_o also_o to_o show_v or_o intimate_v some_o particular_a action_n of_o its_o own_o at_o that_o time_n relate_v to_o those_o idea_n this_o it_o do_v several_a way_n as_o be_v and_o be_v not_o be_v the_o general_a mark_n of_o the_o mind_n affirm_v or_o deny_v but_o beside_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n without_o which_o there_o be_v in_o word_n no_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n the_o mind_n do_v in_o declare_v its_o sentiment_n to_o other_o connect_v not_o only_o the_o part_n of_o proposition_n but_o whole_a sentence_n one_o to_o another_o with_o their_o several_a relation_n and_o dependency_n to_o make_v a_o coherent_a discourse_n §_o 2._o the_o word_n whereby_o it_o signify_v what_o connexion_n it_o give_v to_o the_o several_a affirmation_n and_o negation_n that_o it_o unite_v in_o one_o continue_v reason_v or_o narration_n be_v general_o call_v particle_n and_o it_o be_v in_o the_o right_a use_n of_o these_o that_o more_o particular_o consist_v the_o clearness_n and_o beauty_n of_o a_o good_a style_n to_o think_v well_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o that_o a_o
in_o another_o use_n be_v not_o so_o certain_o know_v and_o however_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o think_v we_o well_o enough_o know_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o gold_n or_o iron_n yet_o the_o precise_a complex_fw-la idea_n other_o make_v they_o the_o sign_n of_o be_v not_o so_o certain_a and_o i_o believe_v it_o be_v very_o seldom_o that_o in_o speaker_n and_o hearer_n they_o stand_v for_o exact_o the_o same_o collection_n which_o must_v needs_o produce_v mistake_v and_o dispute_v when_o they_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o discourse_n wherein_o man_n have_v to_o do_v with_o universal_a proposition_n and_o will_v settle_v in_o their_o mind_n universal_a truth_n and_o consider_v the_o consequence_n that_o follow_v from_o they_o §_o 19_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n the_o name_n of_o simple_a modes_n be_v next_o to_o simple_a idea_n those_o that_o be_v least_o liable_a to_o doubt_n or_o uncertainty_n especial_o those_o of_o figure_n and_o number_n of_o which_o man_n have_v so_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n and_o among_o they_o those_o that_o be_v least_o compound_v and_o least_o remove_v from_o simple_a one_o who_o ever_o that_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o understand_v they_o mistake_v the_o ordinary_a meaning_n of_o seven_o or_o a_o triangle_n §_o 20._o mix_v modes_n also_o that_o be_v make_v up_o but_o of_o a_o few_o and_o obvious_a simple_a idea_n have_v usual_o name_v of_o no_o very_a doubtful_a signification_n but_o the_o name_n of_o mix_a modes_n which_o comprehend_v a_o great_a number_n of_o simple_a idea_n be_v common_o of_o a_o very_a doubtful_a and_o undetermined_a signification_n as_o have_v be_v show_v the_o name_n of_o substance_n be_v annex_v to_o idea_n that_o be_v neither_o the_o real_a essence_n nor_o exact_a representation_n of_o the_o pattern_n they_o be_v refer_v to_o be_v liable_a yet_o to_o great_a imperfection_n and_o uncertainty_n especial_o when_o we_o come_v to_o a_o philosophical_a use_n of_o they_o §_o 21._o the_o great_a disorder_n that_o happen_v in_o our_o name_n of_o substance_n proceed_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o our_o want_n of_o knowledge_n and_o inability_n to_o penetrate_v into_o their_o real_a constitution_n it_o may_v probable_o be_v wonder_v why_o i_o charge_v this_o as_o a_o imperfection_n rather_o upon_o our_o word_n than_o understanding_n this_o exception_n have_v so_o much_o appearance_n of_o justice_n that_o i_o think_v myself_o oblige_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o i_o have_v follow_v this_o method_n i_o must_v confess_v then_o that_o when_o i_o first_o begin_v this_o discourse_n of_o the_o understanding_n and_o a_o good_a while_n after_o i_o have_v not_o the_o least_o thought_n that_o any_o consideration_n of_o word_n be_v at_o all_o necessary_a to_o it_o but_o when_o have_v pass_v over_o the_o original_a and_o composition_n of_o our_o idea_n i_o begin_v to_o examine_v the_o extent_n and_o certainty_n of_o our_o knowledge_n i_o find_v it_o have_v so_o near_o a_o connexion_n with_o word_n that_o unless_o their_o force_n and_o manner_n of_o signification_n be_v first_o well_o observe_v there_o can_v be_v very_o little_o say_v clear_o and_o pertinent_o concern_v knowledge_n which_o be_v conversant_a about_o truth_n have_v constant_o to_o do_v with_o proposition_n and_o though_o it_o terminate_v in_o thing_n yet_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o much_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o word_n that_o they_o seem_v scarce_o separable_a from_o our_o general_a knowledge_n at_o least_o they_o interpose_v themselves_o so_o much_o between_o our_o understanding_n and_o the_o truth_n it_o will_v contemplate_v and_o apprehend_v that_o like_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o visible_a object_n pass_v their_o obscurity_n and_o disorder_n do_v not_o seldom_o cast_v a_o mist_n before_o our_o eye_n and_o impose_v upon_o our_o understanding_n if_o we_o consider_v in_o the_o fallacy_n man_n put_v upon_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o other_o and_o the_o mistake_v in_o man_n dispute_n and_o notion_n how_o great_a a_o part_n be_v owe_v to_o word_n and_o their_o uncertain_a or_o mistake_v signification_n we_o shall_v have_v reason_n to_o think_v this_o no_o small_a obstacle_n in_o the_o way_n to_o knowledge_n which_o i_o conclude_v we_o be_v the_o more_o careful_a to_o be_v warn_v of_o because_o it_o have_v be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o as_o a_o inconvenience_n that_o the_o art_n of_o improve_n it_o have_v be_v make_v the_o business_n of_o man_n study_n and_o attain_v the_o reputation_n of_o learning_n and_o subtilty_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o imagine_v that_o be_v the_o imperfection_n of_o language_n as_o the_o instrument_n of_o knowledge_n more_o thorough_o weigh_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o controversy_n that_o make_v such_o a_o noise_n in_o the_o world_n will_v of_o themselves_o cease_v and_o the_o way_n to_o knowledge_n and_o perhaps_o peace_n too_o lie_v a_o great_a deal_n opener_n than_o it_o do_v §_o 22._o sure_o i_o be_o that_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n in_o all_o language_n depend_v very_o much_o on_o the_o thought_n notion_n and_o idea_n of_o he_o that_o use_v they_o must_v unavoidable_o be_v of_o great_a uncertainty_n to_o man_n of_o the_o same_o language_n and_o country_n this_o be_v so_o evident_a in_o the_o greek_a author_n that_o he_o that_o shall_v peruse_v their_o write_n will_v find_v in_o almost_o every_o one_o of_o they_o a_o distinct_a language_n though_o the_o same_o word_n but_o when_o to_o this_o natural_a difficulty_n in_o every_o country_n there_o shall_v be_v add_v different_a country_n and_o remote_a age_n wherein_o the_o speaker_n and_o writer_n have_v very_o different_a notion_n temper_n custom_n ornament_n and_o figure_n of_o speech_n etc._n etc._n every_o one_o of_o which_o influence_v the_o signification_n of_o their_o word_n then_o though_o to_o we_o now_o they_o be_v lose_v and_o unknown_a it_o will_v become_v we_o to_o be_v charitable_a one_o to_o another_o in_o our_o interpretation_n or_o misunderstanding_n of_o those_o ancient_a write_n which_o though_o of_o great_a concernment_n to_o we_o to_o be_v understand_v be_v liable_a to_o the_o unavoidable_a difficulty_n of_o speech_n which_o if_o we_o except_o the_o name_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o some_o very_a obvious_a thing_n be_v not_o capable_a without_o a_o constant_a define_v the_o term_n of_o convey_v the_o sense_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o speaker_n without_o any_o manner_n of_o doubt_n and_o uncertainty_n to_o the_o hearer_n and_o in_o discourse_n of_o religion_n law_n and_o morality_n as_o they_o be_v matter_n of_o the_o high_a concernment_n so_o there_o will_v be_v the_o great_a difficulty_n §_o 23._o the_o volume_n of_o interpreter_n and_o commentator_n on_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n be_v but_o too_o manifest_a proof_n of_o this_o though_o every_o thing_n say_v in_o the_o text_n be_v infallible_o true_a yet_o the_o reader_n may_v be_v nay_o can_v choose_v but_o be_v very_o fallible_a in_o the_o understanding_n of_o it_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v wonder_v that_o the_o will_n of_o god_n when_o clothe_v in_o word_n shall_v be_v liable_a to_o that_o doubt_n and_o uncertainty_n which_o unavoidable_o attend_v that_o sort_n of_o conveyance_n when_o even_o his_o son_n whilst_o clothe_v in_o flesh_n be_v subject_a to_o all_o the_o frailty_n and_o inconvenience_n of_o (null)_o nature_n sin_n except_v and_o we_o ought_v to_o magnify_v his_o goodness_n that_o he_o have_v spread_v before_o all_o the_o world_n such_o legible_a character_n of_o his_o work_n and_o providence_n and_o give_v all_o mankind_n so_o sufficient_a a_o light_n of_o reason_n that_o they_o to_o who_o this_o write_a word_n never_o come_v can_v not_o whenever_o they_o set_v themselves_o to_o search_v either_o doubt_n of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n or_o of_o the_o obedience_n due_a to_o he_o since_o then_o the_o precept_n of_o natural_a religion_n be_v plain_a and_o very_o intelligible_a to_o all_o mankind_n and_o seldom_o come_v to_o be_v controvert_v and_o other_o reveal_v truth_n which_o be_v convey_v to_o we_o by_o book_n and_o language_n be_v liable_a to_o the_o common_a and_o natural_a obscurity_n and_o difficulty_n incident_a to_o word_n methinks_v it_o will_v become_v we_o to_o be_v more_o careful_a and_o diligent_a in_o observe_v the_o former_a and_o less_o magisterial_a positive_a and_o imperious_a in_o impose_v our_o own_o sense_n and_o interpretation_n of_o the_o latter_a chap._n x._o of_o the_o abuse_n of_o word_n §_o 1._o beside_o the_o imperfection_n that_o be_v natural_o in_o language_n and_o the_o obscurity_n and_o confusion_n that_o be_v so_o hard_a to_o be_v avoid_v in_o the_o use_n of_o word_n there_o be_v several_a wilful_a fault_n and_o neglect_v which_o man_n be_v guilty_a of_o in_o thâ—â—_n way_n of_o communication_n whereby_o they_o render_v these_o sign_n less_o clear_a and_o
distinct_a in_o their_o signification_n than_o natural_o they_o need_v to_o be_v §_o 2._o first_o in_o this_o kind_n the_o first_o and_o most_o palpable_a abuse_n be_v the_o use_n of_o word_n without_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n or_o which_o be_v worse_o sign_n without_o any_o thing_n signify_v of_o these_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n i._n one_o may_v observe_v in_o all_o language_n certain_a word_n that_o if_o they_o be_v examine_v will_v be_v find_v in_o their_o first_o original_a and_o their_o appropriate_v use_v not_o to_o stand_v for_o any_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n these_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o several_a sect_n of_o philosophy_n and_o religion_n have_v introduce_v for_o their_o author_n or_o promoter_n either_o affect_v something_o singular_a and_o out_o of_o the_o way_n of_o common_a apprehension_n or_o to_o support_v some_o strange_a opinion_n or_o cover_v some_o weakness_n of_o their_o hypothesis_n seldom_o fail_v to_o coin_v new_a word_n and_o such_o as_o when_o they_o come_v to_o be_v examine_v may_v just_o be_v call_v insignificant_a term_n for_o have_v either_o have_v no_o determinable_a collection_n of_o idea_n annex_v to_o they_o when_o they_o be_v first_o invent_v or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o if_o well_o examine_v will_v be_v find_v inconsistent_a it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o afterward_o in_o the_o vulgar_a use_n of_o the_o same_o party_n they_o remain_v empty_a sound_n with_o little_a or_o no_o signification_n among_o those_o who_o think_v it_o enough_o to_o have_v they_o often_o in_o their_o mouth_n as_o the_o distinguish_a character_n of_o their_o church_n or_o school_n without_o much_o trouble_v their_o head_n to_o examine_v what_o be_v the_o precise_a idea_n they_o stand_v for_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v here_o to_o heap_v up_o instance_n every_o one_o read_v and_o conversation_n will_v sufficient_o furnish_v he_o or_o if_o he_o want_v to_o be_v better_o store_v the_o great_a mint-master_n of_o these_o kind_n of_o term_n i_o mean_v the_o schoolman_n and_o metaphysician_n under_o which_o i_o think_v the_o dispute_v natural_a and_o moral_a philosopher_n of_o these_o latter_a age_n may_v be_v comprehend_v have_v wherewithal_o abundant_o to_o content_v he_o §_o 3._o ii_o other_o there_o be_v who_o extend_v this_o abuse_n yet_o far_o who_o take_v so_o little_a careâ—_n to_o lay_v by_o word_n which_o in_o their_o primary_n notation_n have_v scarce_o any_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n they_o be_v annex_v to_o that_o by_o a_o unpardonable_a negligence_n they_o familiar_o use_v word_n which_o the_o propriety_n of_o language_n have_v affix_v to_o very_o important_a idea_n they_o use_v they_o i_o say_v without_o any_o distinct_a meaning_n at_o all_o wisdom_n glory_n grace_n etc._n etc._n be_v word_n frequent_a enough_o in_o every_o man_n mouth_n but_o if_o a_o great_a many_o of_o those_o who_o use_v they_o shall_v be_v ask_v what_o they_o mean_v by_o they_o they_o will_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n and_o not_o know_v what_o to_o answer_v a_o plain_a proof_n that_o though_o they_o have_v learn_v those_o sound_n and_o have_v they_o ready_a at_o their_o tongue_n end_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n lay_v up_o in_o their_o mind_n which_o be_v to_o be_v express_v to_o other_o by_o they_o §_o 4._o man_n have_v be_v accustom_v from_o their_o cradle_n to_o learn_v word_n which_o be_v easy_o get_v and_o retain_v before_o they_o know_v or_o have_v frame_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o they_o be_v annex_v or_o which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o thing_n they_o be_v think_v to_o stand_v for_o they_o usual_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o all_o their_o life_n and_o without_o take_v the_o pain_n necessary_a to_o settle_v in_o their_o mind_n clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n they_o use_v their_o word_n for_o such_o unsteady_a and_o confuse_a notion_n as_o they_o have_v content_v themselves_o with_o the_o same_o word_n other_o people_n use_v as_o if_o their_o very_a sound_n necessary_o carry_v with_o it_o constant_o the_o same_o meaning_n this_o though_o man_n make_v a_o shift_n with_o in_o their_o ordinary_a occurrence_n of_o liâ—e_z where_o they_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o be_v understand_v and_o therefore_o they_o make_v sign_n till_o they_o be_v so_o yet_o this_o insignificancy_n in_o their_o word_n when_o they_o come_v to_o reason_n concern_v either_o their_o tenant_n or_o interest_n manifest_o fill_v their_o discourse_n with_o abundance_n of_o empty_a unintelligible_a noise_n and_o jargon_fw-la especial_o in_o moral_a matter_n where_o the_o word_n for_o the_o most_o part_n stand_v â—or_a arbitrary_a and_o numerous_a collection_n of_o idea_n not_o regular_o and_o permanent_o unite_v in_o nature_n their_o bare_a sound_n be_v often_o only_o think_v on_o or_o at_o least_o very_a obscure_a and_o uncertain_a notion_n annex_v to_o themâ—_n man_n take_v the_o word_n they_o find_v in_o use_n among_o their_o neighbour_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o seem_v ignorant_a what_o they_o stand_v for_o use_v they_o confident_o without_o much_o trouble_v their_o head_n about_o a_o certain_a fix_a meaning_n whereby_o beside_o the_o ease_n of_o it_o they_o obtain_v this_o advantage_n that_o as_o in_o such_o discourse_n they_o seldom_o be_v in_o the_o right_n so_o they_o be_v as_o seldom_o to_o be_v convince_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o wrong_n it_o be_v all_o one_o to_o go_v about_o to_o draw_v those_o man_n out_o of_o their_o mistake_v who_o have_v no_o settle_a notion_n as_o to_o dispossess_v a_o vagrant_a of_o his_o habitation_n who_o have_v no_o settle_a abode_n this_o i_o guess_v to_o be_v so_o and_o every_o one_o may_v observe_v in_o himself_o and_o other_o whether_o it_o be_v or_o no._n §_o 5._o second_o another_o great_a abuse_n of_o word_n be_v inconstancy_n in_o the_o use_n of_o they_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o find_v a_o discourse_n write_v of_o any_o subject_a especial_o of_o controversy_n wherein_o one_o shall_v not_o observe_v if_o he_o read_v with_o attention_n the_o same_o word_n and_o those_o common_o the_o most_o material_a in_o the_o discourse_n and_o upon_o which_o the_o argument_n turn_v use_v sometime_o for_o one_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n and_o sometime_o for_o another_o which_o be_v a_o perfect_a abuse_n of_o language_n word_n be_v intend_v for_o sign_n of_o my_o idea_n to_o make_v they_o know_v to_o other_o not_o by_o any_o natural_a signification_n but_o by_o a_o voluntary_a imposition_n it_o be_v plain_a cheat_n and_o abuse_v when_o i_o make_v they_o stand_v sometime_o for_o one_o thing_n and_o sometime_o for_o another_o the_o wilful_a do_v whereof_o can_v be_v impute_v to_o nothing_o but_o great_a folly_n or_o great_a dishonesty_n and_o a_o man_n in_o his_o account_n with_o another_o may_v with_o as_o much_o fairness_n make_v the_o character_n of_o number_n stand_v sometime_o for_o one_o and_o sometime_o for_o another_o collection_n of_o unite_v v_o g._n this_o character_n 3_o stand_v sometime_o for_o three_o sometime_o for_o four_o and_o sometime_o for_o eight_o as_o in_o his_o discourse_n or_o reason_v make_v the_o same_o word_n stand_v for_o different_a collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n if_o man_n shall_v do_v so_o in_o their_o reckon_n i_o wonder_v who_o will_v have_v to_o do_v with_o they_o one_o who_o shall_v speak_v thus_o in_o the_o affair_n and_o business_n in_o the_o world_n and_o call_v 8_o sometime_o seven_o sometime_o nine_o as_o best_a serve_v his_o advantage_n will_v present_o have_v clap_v upon_o he_o one_o of_o the_o two_o name_n man_n constant_o be_v disgu_v with_o and_o yet_o in_o arguing_n and_o learned_a contest_v the_o same_o sort_n of_o proceed_v pass_v common_o for_o wit_n and_o learning_n but_o yet_o to_o i_o it_o appear_v a_o great_a dishonesty_n than_o the_o misplace_n of_o counter_n in_o the_o cast_n up_o a_o debt_n and_o the_o cheat_v the_o great_a by_o how_o much_o truth_n be_v of_o great_a concernment_n and_o value_n than_o money_n §_o 6._o three_o another_o abuse_n of_o language_n be_v a_o affect_a obscurity_n by_o either_o apply_v old_a word_n to_o new_a and_o unusual_a signification_n or_o introduce_v new_a and_o ambiguous_a term_n without_o define_v either_o or_o else_o put_v they_o so_o together_o as_o may_v confound_v their_o ordinary_a meaning_n though_o the_o peripatetic_a philosophy_n have_v be_v most_o eminent_a in_o this_o way_n yet_o other_o sect_n have_v not_o be_v whole_o clear_a of_o it_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o of_o they_o that_o be_v not_o cumber_v with_o some_o difficulty_n such_o be_v the_o imperfection_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n which_o they_o have_v be_v fain_o to_o cover_v with_o obscurity_n of_o term_n and_o to_o confound_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n which_o like_o a_o mist_n before_o people_n eye_n may_v hinder_v their_o weak_a part_n from_o be_v discover_v that_o body_n and_o extension_n
in_o common_a use_n stand_v for_o two_o distinct_a idea_n be_v plain_a to_o any_o one_o that_o will_v but_o reflect_v a_o little_a for_o be_v their_o signification_n precise_o the_o same_o it_o will_v be_v as_o proper_a and_o as_o intelligible_a to_o say_v the_o body_n of_o a_o extension_n as_o the_o extension_n of_o a_o body_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v those_o who_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o confound_v their_o signification_n to_o this_o abuse_n and_o the_o mischief_n of_o confound_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n logic_n and_o the_o liberal_a science_n as_o they_o have_v be_v handle_v in_o the_o school_n have_v give_v reputation_n and_o the_o admire_a art_n of_o dispute_v have_v add_v much_o to_o the_o natural_a imperfection_n of_o language_n whilst_o it_o have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o fit_v to_o perplex_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n more_o than_o to_o discover_v the_o knowledge_n and_o truth_n of_o thing_n and_o he_o that_o will_v look_v into_o that_o sort_n of_o learned_a write_n will_v find_v the_o word_n there_o much_o more_o obscure_a uncertain_a and_o undetermined_a in_o their_o mean_v than_o they_o be_v in_o ordinary_a conversation_n §_o 7._o this_o be_v unavoidable_o to_o be_v so_o where_o man_n part_n and_o learning_n be_v estimate_v by_o their_o skill_n in_o dispute_v and_o if_o reputation_n and_o reward_n shall_v attend_v these_o conquest_n which_o depend_v most_o on_o the_o fineness_n and_o nicety_n of_o word_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n so_o employ_v shall_v perplex_v involve_v and_o subtilise_v the_o signification_n of_o sound_n so_o as_o never_o to_o want_v something_o to_o say_v in_o oppose_v or_o defend_v any_o question_n the_o victory_n be_v adjust_v not_o to_o he_o who_o have_v truth_n on_o his_o side_n but_o the_o last_o word_n in_o the_o dispute_n §_o 8._o this_o though_o a_o very_a useless_a skill_n and_o that_o which_o i_o think_v the_o direct_a opposite_a to_o the_o way_n of_o knowledge_n have_v yet_o pass_v hitherto_o under_o the_o laudable_a and_o esteem_a name_n of_o subtlety_n and_o acuteness_n and_o have_v have_v the_o applause_n of_o the_o school_n and_o encouragement_n of_o one_o part_n of_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o the_o world_n and_o no_o wonder_n since_o the_o philosopher_n of_o old_a the_o dispute_v and_o wrangle_v philosopher_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o lucian_n witty_o and_o with_o reason_n tax_n and_o the_o schoolman_n since_o aim_v at_o glory_n and_o esteem_n for_o their_o great_a and_o universal_a knowledge_n easy_a a_o great_a deal_n to_o be_v pretend_v to_o than_o real_o acquire_v find_v this_o a_o good_a expedient_a to_o cover_v their_o ignorance_n with_o a_o curious_a and_o unexplicable_a web_n of_o perplex_a word_n and_o procure_v to_o themselves_o the_o admiration_n of_o other_o by_o unintelligible_a term_n the_o apt_a to_o produce_v wonder_n because_o they_o can_v not_o be_v understand_v whilst_o it_o appear_v in_o all_o history_n that_o these_o profound_a doctor_n be_v no_o wise_a nor_o more_o useful_a than_o their_o neighbour_n and_o bring_v but_o small_a advantage_n to_o (null)_o life_n or_o the_o society_n wherein_o they_o livedâ—_n unless_o the_o coin_n of_o new_a word_n where_o they_o produce_v no_o new_a thing_n to_o apply_v they_o to_o or_o the_o perplex_v or_o obscure_v the_o signification_n of_o old_a on_a and_o so_o bring_v all_o thing_n into_o question_n and_o dispute_v be_v a_o thing_n profitable_a to_o the_o life_n of_o man_n or_o worthy_a commendation_n and_o reward_n §_o 9_o for_o notwithstanding_o these_o learned_a disputant_n these_o all_o know_a doctor_n it_o be_v to_o the_o unscholastick_a statesman_n that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o world_n owe_v their_o peace_n defence_n and_o liberty_n and_o from_o the_o illiterate_a and_o contemn_a mechanic_n a_o name_n of_o disgrace_n that_o they_o receive_v the_o improvemnt_n of_o useful_a arts._n nevertheless_o this_o artificial_a ignorance_n and_o learned_a gibberish_n prevail_v mighty_o in_o these_o last_o age_n by_o the_o interest_n and_o artifice_n of_o those_o who_o find_v no_o easy_a way_n to_o that_o pitch_n of_o authority_n and_o dominion_n they_o have_v attain_v than_o by_o amuse_v the_o man_n of_o business_n and_o ignorant_a with_o hard_a word_n or_o employ_v the_o ingenious_a and_o idle_a in_o intricate_a dispute_n about_o unintelligible_a term_n and_o hold_v they_o perpetual_o entangle_v in_o that_o endless_a labyrinth_n beside_o there_o be_v no_o such_o way_n to_o gain_v admittance_n or_o give_v defence_n to_o strange_a and_o absurd_a doctrine_n as_o to_o guard_v they_o round_o about_o with_o legion_n of_o obscure_a doubtful_a and_o undefined_a word_n which_o yet_o make_v these_o retreat_n more_o like_o the_o den_n of_o robber_n or_o holes_n of_o fox_n than_o the_o fortress_n of_o fair_a warrior_n which_o if_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o get_v they_o out_o of_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o strength_n that_o be_v in_o they_o but_o the_o briar_n and_o thorn_n and_o the_o obscurity_n of_o the_o thicket_n they_o be_v beset_v with_o for_o untruth_n be_v unacceptable_a to_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n there_o be_v no_o other_o defence_n leave_v for_o absurdity_n but_o obscurity_n §_o 10._o thus_o learned_a ignorance_n and_o this_o art_n of_o keep_v even_o inquisitive_a man_n from_o true_a knowledge_n have_v be_v propagate_v in_o the_o world_n and_o have_v much_o perplex_v whilst_o it_o pretend_v to_o inform_v the_o understanding_n for_o we_o see_v that_o other_o well-meaning_a and_o wise_a man_n who_o education_n and_o part_n have_v not_o attain_v that_o accuteness_n can_v intelligible_o express_v themselves_o to_o one_o another_o and_o in_o its_o plain_a use_n make_v a_o benefit_n of_o language_n but_o though_o unlearned_a man_n well_o enough_o understand_v the_o word_n white_a and_o black_a etc._n etc._n and_o have_v constant_a notion_n of_o the_o idea_n signify_v by_o those_o word_n yet_o there_o be_v philosopher_n find_v who_o have_v learning_n and_o subtlety_n enough_o to_o prove_v that_o snow_n be_v black_a i._n e._n to_o prove_v that_o white_n be_v black_a whereby_o they_o have_v the_o advantage_n to_o destroy_v the_o instrument_n and_o mean_n of_o discourse_n conversation_n instruction_n and_o society_n whilst_o with_o great_a art_n and_o subtlety_n they_o do_v no_o more_o but_o perplex_v and_o confound_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o thereby_o render_v language_n less_o useful_a than_o the_o real_a defect_n of_o it_o have_v make_v it_o a_o gift_n which_o the_o illiterate_a have_v not_o attain_v to_o §_o 11._o these_o learned_a man_n do_v equal_o instruct_v man_n understanding_n and_o profit_v their_o life_n as_o he_o who_o shall_v alter_v the_o signification_n of_o know_a character_n and_o by_o a_o subtle_a device_n of_o learning_n far_o surpass_v the_o capacity_n of_o the_o illiterate_a dull_a and_o vulgar_a shall_v in_o his_o write_n show_v that_o he_o can_v put_v a._n for_o b._n and_o d._n for_o e._n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o no_o small_a admiration_n and_o benefit_n of_o his_o reader_n it_o be_v as_o senseless_a to_o put_v black_a which_o be_v a_o word_n agree_v on_o to_o stand_v for_o one_o sensible_a idea_n to_o put_v it_o i_o say_v for_o another_o or_o the_o contrary_a idea_n i._n e._n to_o call_v snow_n black_a as_o to_o put_v this_o mark_n a._n which_o be_v a_o character_n agree_v on_o to_o stand_v for_o one_o modification_n of_o sound_n make_v by_o a_o certain_a motion_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o speech_n for_o b._n which_o be_v agree_v on_o to_o stand_v for_o another_o modification_n of_o sound_n make_v by_o another_o certain_a motion_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o speech_n §_o 12._o nor_o have_v this_o mischief_n stop_v in_o logical_a nicety_n or_o curious_a empty_a speculation_n it_o have_v invade_v the_o great_a concernment_n of_o (null)_o life_n and_o society_n obscure_v and_o perplex_v the_o material_a truth_n of_o law_n and_o divinity_n bring_v confusion_n disorder_n and_o uncertainty_n into_o the_o affair_n of_o mankind_n and_o if_o not_o destroy_v yet_o in_o great_a measure_n render_v useless_a those_o two_o great_a rule_n religion_n and_o justice_n what_o have_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o comment_n and_o dispute_n upon_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o man_n serve_v for_o but_o to_o make_v the_o meaning_n more_o doubtful_a and_o perplex_v the_o sense_n what_o have_v be_v the_o effect_n of_o those_o multiply_v curious_a distinction_n and_o acute_a nicety_n but_o obscurity_n and_o uncertainty_n leave_v the_o word_n more_o unintelligible_a and_o the_o reader_n more_o at_o a_o loss_n how_o else_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o prince_n speak_v or_o write_v to_o their_o servant_n in_o their_o ordinary_a command_n be_v easy_o understand_v speak_v to_o their_o people_n in_o their_o law_n be_v not_o so_o and_o as_o i_o remark_v before_o do_v it_o not_o often_o happen_v that_o a_o man_n of_o a_o ordinary_a
capacity_n very_o well_o understand_v a_o text_n or_o a_o law_n that_o he_o read_v till_o he_o consult_v a_o expositor_n or_o go_v to_o council_n who_o by_o that_o time_n he_o have_v do_v explain_v they_o make_v the_o word_n signify_v either_o nothing_o at_o all_o or_o what_o he_o please_v §_o 13._o whether_o any_o by_o interest_n of_o these_o profession_n have_v occasion_v this_o i_o will_v not_o here_o examine_v but_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o be_v consider_v whether_o it_o will_v not_o be_v well_o for_o mankind_n who_o concernment_n it_o be_v to_o know_v thing_n as_o they_o be_v and_o to_o do_v what_o they_o ought_v and_o not_o to_o spend_v their_o life_n in_o talk_v about_o they_o or_o toss_v word_n to_o and_o fro_o whether_o it_o will_v not_o be_v well_o i_o say_v that_o the_o use_v of_o word_n be_v make_v plain_a and_o direct_v and_o that_o language_n which_o be_v give_v we_o for_o the_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n and_o bond_n of_o society_n shall_v not_o be_v employ_v to_o darken_v truth_n and_o unsettle_v people_n right_n to_o raise_v mist_n and_o render_v unintelligible_a both_o morality_n and_o religion_n or_o that_o at_o least_o if_o this_o will_v happen_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v think_v learning_n or_o knowledge_n to_o do_v so_o §_o 14._o four_o another_o great_a abuse_n of_o word_n be_v the_o take_v they_o for_o thing_n this_o though_o it_o in_o some_o degree_n concern_v all_o name_n in_o general_a yet_o more_o particular_o affect_v those_o of_o substance_n and_o to_o this_o abuse_n these_o man_n be_v most_o subject_a who_o confine_v their_o thought_n to_o any_o one_o system_fw-la and_o give_v themselves_o up_o into_o a_o firm_a belief_n of_o the_o perfection_n of_o any_o receive_a hypothesis_n whereby_o they_o come_v to_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o term_n of_o that_o sect_n be_v so_o suit_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n that_o they_o perfect_o correspond_v with_o their_o real_a existence_n who_o be_v there_o that_o have_v be_v breed_v up_o in_o the_o peripatetic_a philosophy_n who_o do_v not_o think_v the_o ten_o name_n under_o which_o be_v rank_v the_o ten_o predicament_n to_o be_v exact_o conformable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n who_o be_v there_o of_o that_o school_n that_o be_v not_o persuade_v that_o substantial_a form_n vegetative_a soul_n abhorrence_n of_o a_o vacuum_n intentional_a species_n etc._n etc._n be_v something_o real_a these_o word_n man_n have_v learn_v from_o their_o very_a entrance_n upon_o knowledge_n and_o have_v find_v their_o master_n and_o system_n lay_v great_a stress_n upon_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v quit_v the_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o nature_n and_o be_v the_o representation_n of_o something_o that_o real_o exist_v the_o platonist_n have_v their_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o epicurean_o their_o endeavour_n towards_o motion_n in_o their_o atom_n when_o at_o rest_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o sect_n in_o philosophy_n have_v not_o a_o distinct_a set_v of_o term_n that_o other_o understand_v not_o but_o yet_o this_o gibberish_n which_o in_o the_o weakness_n of_o (null)_o understanding_n serve_v so_o well_o to_o palliate_v man_n ignorance_n and_o cover_v their_o error_n come_v by_o familiar_a use_n among_o those_o of_o the_o same_o tribe_n to_o seem_v the_o most_o important_a part_n of_o language_n and_o of_o all_o other_o the_o term_n the_o most_o significant_a and_o shall_v aërial_n and_o aetherial_a vehicles_n come_v once_o by_o the_o prevalency_n of_o that_o doctrine_n to_o be_v general_o receive_v any_o where_o no_o doubt_n those_o term_n will_v make_v impression_n on_o man_n mind_n so_o as_o to_o establish_v they_o in_o the_o persuasion_n of_o the_o reality_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o much_o as_o that_o peripatetic_a form_n have_v heretofore_o do_v §_o 15._o how_o much_o name_n take_v for_o thing_n be_v apt_a to_o mislead_v the_o understanding_n the_o attentive_a read_n of_o philosophical_a writer_n will_v abundant_o discover_v and_o that_o perhaps_o in_o word_n little_o suspect_v of_o any_o such_o misuse_n i_o shall_v instance_n in_o one_o only_a and_o that_o a_o very_a familiar_a one_o how_o many_o intricate_a dispute_n have_v there_o be_v about_o matter_n as_o if_o there_o be_v some_o such_o thing_n real_o in_o nature_n distinct_a from_o body_n as_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o word_n matter_n stand_v for_o a_o idea_n distinct_a from_o the_o idea_n of_o body_n for_o if_o the_o idea_n these_o two_o term_n stand_v for_o be_v precise_o the_o same_o they_o may_v indifferent_o in_o all_o place_n be_v put_v one_o for_o the_o other_o but_o we_o see_v that_o though_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o say_v there_o be_v one_o matter_n of_o all_o body_n one_o can_v say_v there_o be_v one_o body_n of_o all_o matter_n we_o familiar_o say_v one_o body_n be_v big_a than_o another_o but_o it_o sound_v harsh_a and_o i_o think_v be_v never_o use_v to_o say_v one_o matter_n be_v big_a than_o another_o whence_o come_v this_o then_o viz._n from_o hence_o that_o though_o matter_n and_o body_n be_v not_o real_o distinct_a but_o wherever_o there_o be_v one_o there_o be_v the_o other_o yet_o matter_n and_o body_n stand_v for_o two_o different_a conception_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v incomplete_a and_o but_o a_o part_n of_o the_o other_o for_o body_n stand_v for_o a_o solid_a extend_v figure_v substance_n whereof_o matter_n be_v but_o a_o partial_a and_o more_o confuse_a conception_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o substance_n and_o solidity_n of_o body_n without_o take_v in_o its_o extension_n and_o figure_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v that_o speak_n of_o matter_n we_o speak_v of_o it_o always_o as_o one_o because_o in_o truth_n it_o express_o contain_v nothing_o but_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o solid_a substance_n which_o be_v every_o where_o the_o same_o every_o where_o uniform_a and_o therefore_o we_o no_o more_o conceive_v or_o speak_v of_o different_a matter_n in_o the_o world_n than_o we_o do_v of_o different_a solidity_n though_o we_o both_o conceive_v and_o speak_v of_o different_a body_n because_o extension_n and_o figure_n be_v capable_a of_o variation_n but_o since_o solidity_n can_v exist_v without_o extension_n and_o figure_n the_o take_a matter_n to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o something_o real_o exist_v under_o that_o precision_n have_v no_o doubt_n produce_v those_o obscure_a and_o unintelligible_a discourse_n and_o dispute_n which_o have_v fill_v the_o head_n and_o book_n of_o philosopher_n concern_v materia_fw-la prima_fw-la which_o imperfection_n or_o abuse_v how_o far_o it_o may_v concern_v a_o great_a many_o other_o general_a term_n i_o leave_v to_o be_v consider_v this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v at_o least_o say_v that_o we_o shall_v have_v a_o great_a many_o few_o dispute_n in_o the_o world_n if_o word_n be_v take_v for_o what_o they_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o our_o idea_n only_o and_o not_o for_o thing_n themselves_o for_o when_o we_o argue_v about_o matter_n or_o any_o the_o like_a term_n we_o true_o argue_v only_o about_o the_o idea_n we_o express_v by_o that_o sound_n whether_o that_o precise_a idea_n agree_v to_o any_o thing_n real_o exist_v in_o nature_n or_o no._n and_o if_o man_n will_v tell_v what_o idea_n they_o make_v their_o word_n stand_v for_o there_o can_v not_o be_v half_a that_o obscurity_n or_o wrangle_a in_o the_o search_n or_o support_v of_o truth_n that_o there_o be_v §_o 16._o but_o whatever_o inconvenience_n follow_v from_o this_o mistake_n of_o word_n this_o i_o be_o sure_a that_o by_o constant_a and_o familiar_a use_n they_o charm_v man_n into_o notion_n far_o remote_a from_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o persuade_v any_o one_o that_o the_o word_n which_o his_o father_n or_o schoolmaster_n the_o parson_n of_o the_o parish_n or_o such_o a_o revend_fw-mi doctor_n use_v signify_v nothing_o that_o real_o exi_v in_o nature_n which_o perhaps_o be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o cause_n that_o man_n be_v so_o hardly_o draw_v to_o quit_v their_o mistake_v even_o in_o opinion_n pure_o philosophical_a and_o where_o they_o have_v no_o other_o interest_n but_o truth_n for_o the_o word_n they_o have_v a_o long_a time_n be_v use_v to_o remain_v firm_a in_o their_o mind_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o the_o wrong_a notion_n annex_v to_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v remove_v §_o 17._o five_o another_o abuse_n of_o word_n be_v the_o set_v they_o in_o the_o place_n of_o thing_n which_o they_o do_v or_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n signify_v we_o may_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o general_a name_n of_o substance_n whereof_o the_o nominal_a essence_n be_v only_o know_v to_o we_o when_o we_o put_v they_o into_o proposition_n and_o affirm_v or_o deny_v any_o thing_n about_o they_o we_o do_v most_o common_o tacit_o suppose_v or_o intend_v they_o shall_v stand_v
be_v plain_a how_o much_o man_n love_v to_o deceive_v and_o be_v deceive_v since_o the_o great_a art_n of_o deceit_n and_o error_n rhetoric_n i_o mean_v have_v its_o establish_a professor_n be_v public_o teach_v and_o have_v always_o be_v have_v in_o great_a reputation_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v think_v great_a boldness_n if_o not_o brutality_n in_o i_o to_o have_v say_v thus_o much_o against_o it_o eloquence_n like_o the_o fair_a sex_n have_v too_o prevail_a beauty_n in_o it_o to_o suffer_v itself_o ever_o to_o be_v speak_v against_o and_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o find_v fault_n with_o those_o art_n of_o deceive_v wherein_o man_n find_v pleasure_n to_o be_v deceive_v chap._n xi_o of_o the_o remedy_n of_o the_o forego_n imperfection_n and_o abuse_n §_o 1._o the_o natural_a and_o improve_v imperfection_n of_o language_n we_o have_v see_v above_o at_o large_a and_o speech_n be_v the_o great_a bond_n that_o hold_v society_n together_o and_o the_o common_a conduit_n whereby_o the_o improvement_n of_o knowledge_n be_v convey_v from_o one_o man_n and_o one_o generation_n to_o another_o it_o will_v well_o deserve_v our_o most_o serious_a thought_n to_o consider_v what_o remedy_n be_v to_o be_v find_v for_o these_o inconvenience_n abovementioned_a §_o 2._o i_o be_o not_o so_o vain_a to_o think_v that_o any_o one_o can_v pretend_v to_o attempt_v the_o perfect_a reform_v the_o language_n of_o the_o world_n no_o not_o so_o much_o as_o that_o of_o his_o own_o country_n without_o render_v himself_o ridiculous_a to_o require_v that_o man_n shall_v use_v their_o word_n all_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n and_o for_o clear_a distinct_a and_o uniform_a idea_n will_v be_v to_o think_v that_o all_o man_n shall_v have_v the_o same_o notion_n and_o shall_v talk_v of_o nothing_o but_o what_o they_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v by_o any_o one_o who_o have_v not_o vanity_n enough_o to_o imagine_v he_o can_v prevail_v with_o man_n to_o be_v very_o know_v or_o very_o silent_a and_o he_o must_v be_v little_a skill_a in_o the_o world_n who_o think_v that_o a_o voluble_a tongue_n shall_v accompany_v only_o a_o good_a understanding_n or_o that_o man_n talk_v much_o or_o little_a shall_v hold_v proportion_n only_o to_o their_o knowledge_n §_o 3._o but_o though_o the_o market_n and_o exchange_n must_v be_v lest_o to_o their_o own_o way_n of_o talk_v and_o gossip_n not_o rob_v of_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n though_o the_o school_n and_o man_n of_o argument_n will_v perhaps_o take_v it_o amiss_o to_o have_v any_o thing_n offer_v to_o abate_v the_o length_n or_o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o their_o dispute_n yet_o methinks_v those_o who_o pretend_v serious_o to_o search_v after_o or_o maintain_v truth_n shall_v think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o study_v how_o they_o may_v deliver_v themselves_o without_o obscurity_n doubtfulness_n or_o equivocation_n to_o which_o man_n word_n be_v natural_o liable_a if_o care_n be_v not_o take_v §_o 4._o for_o he_o that_o shall_v well_o consider_v the_o error_n and_o obscurity_n the_o mistake_v and_o confusion_n that_o be_v spread_v in_o the_o world_n by_o a_o ill_a use_n of_o word_n will_v find_v some_o reason_n to_o doubt_n whether_o language_n as_o it_o have_v be_v employ_v have_v contribute_v more_o to_o the_o improvement_n or_o hindrance_n of_o knowledge_n among_o mankind_n how_o many_o be_v there_o that_o when_o they_o will_v think_v on_o thing_n fix_v their_o thought_n only_o on_o word_n especial_o when_o they_o will_v apply_v their_o mind_n to_o moral_a matter_n and_o who_o then_o can_v wonder_v if_o the_o result_n of_o such_o contemplation_n and_o reason_n about_o little_a more_o than_o sound_v whilst_o the_o idea_n they_o annex_v to_o they_o be_v very_o confuse_v or_o very_o unsteady_a or_o perhaps_o none_o at_o all_o who_o can_v wonder_v i_o say_v that_o such_o thought_n and_o reason_n end_n in_o nothing_o but_o obscurity_n and_o mistake_v without_o any_o clear_a judgement_n or_o knowledge_n §_o 5._o this_o inconvenience_n in_o a_o ill_a use_n of_o word_n man_n suffer_v in_o their_o own_o private_a meditation_n but_o much_o more_o manifest_a be_v the_o disorder_n which_o follow_v from_o it_o in_o conversation_n discourse_n and_o arguing_n with_o other_o for_o language_n be_v the_o great_a conduit_n whereby_o man_n convey_v their_o discovery_n reason_n and_o knowledge_n from_o one_o to_o another_o he_o that_o make_v a_o ill_a use_n of_o it_o though_o he_o do_v not_o corrupt_v the_o fountain_n of_o knowledge_n which_o be_v in_o thing_n themselves_o yet_o he_o do_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v break_v or_o stop_v the_o pipe_n whereby_o it_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o public_a use_n and_o advantage_n of_o mankind_n he_o that_o use_v word_n without_o any_o clear_a and_o steady_a meaning_n what_o do_v he_o but_o lead_v himself_o and_o other_o into_o error_n and_o he_o that_o design_o do_v it_o aught_o to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o enemy_n to_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n and_o yet_o who_o can_v wonder_v that_o all_o the_o science_n and_o part_n of_o knowledge_n have_v be_v so_o overcharge_v with_o obscure_a and_o equivocal_a term_n and_o insignificant_a and_o doubtful_a expression_n capable_a to_o make_v the_o most_o attentive_a or_o quick-sighted_a very_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o the_o more_o know_v or_o orthodox_n since_o subtlety_n in_o those_o who_o make_v profession_n to_o teâ—ch_v or_o defend_v truth_n have_v pass_v so_o much_o for_o a_o virtue_n a_o virtue_n indeed_o which_o consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o nothing_o but_o the_o fallacious_a and_o illusory_a use_n of_o obscure_a or_o deceitful_a term_n be_v only_o fit_a to_o make_v man_n more_o conceit_v in_o their_o ignorance_n and_o obstinate_a in_o their_o error_n §_o 6._o let_v we_o look_v into_o the_o book_n of_o controversy_n of_o any_o kind_n there_o we_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o effect_n of_o obscure_a unsteady_a or_o equivocal_a term_n be_v nothing_o but_o noise_n and_o wrangle_n about_o sound_n without_o convince_a or_o better_v a_o man_n understanding_n for_o if_o the_o idea_n be_v not_o agree_v on_o betwixt_o the_o speaker_n and_o hearer_n for_o which_o the_o word_n stand_v the_o argument_n be_v not_o about_o thing_n but_o name_n as_o often_o as_o such_o a_o word_n who_o signification_n be_v not_o ascertain_v betwixt_o they_o come_v in_o use_n their_o understanding_n have_v no_o other_o object_n wherein_o they_o agree_v but_o bare_o the_o sound_n the_o thing_n that_o they_o think_v on_o at_o that_o time_n as_o express_v by_o that_o word_n be_v quite_o different_a §_o 7._o whether_o a_o bat_n be_v a_o bird_n or_o no_o be_v not_o a_o question_n whether_o a_o bat_n be_v another_o thing_n than_o indeed_o it_o be_v or_o have_v other_o quality_n than_o indeed_o it_o have_v for_o that_o will_v be_v extreme_o absurd_a to_o doubt_v of_o but_o the_o question_n be_v 1._o either_o between_o those_o that_o acknowledge_v themselves_o to_o have_v but_o imperfect_a idea_n of_o one_o or_o both_o of_o those_o sort_n of_o thing_n for_o which_o these_o name_n be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v and_o than_o it_o be_v a_o real_a enquiry_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o bird_n or_o a_o bat_n to_o make_v their_o yet_o imperfect_a idea_n of_o it_o more_o complete_a by_o examine_v whether_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n to_o which_o combine_v together_o they_o both_o give_v the_o name_n bird_n be_v all_o to_o be_v find_v in_o a_o bat_n but_o this_o be_v a_o question_n only_o of_o enquirer_n not_o disputer_n who_o neither_o affirm_v nor_o deny_v but_o examine_v or_o 2._o it_o be_v a_o question_n between_o disputant_n whereof_o the_o one_o affirm_v and_o the_o other_o deny_v that_o a_o bat_n be_v a_o bird_n and_o then_o the_o question_n be_v bare_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o one_o or_o both_o these_o word_n in_o that_o they_o not_o have_v both_o the_o same_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o which_o they_o give_v these_o two_o name_n one_o hold_v and_o other_o deny_v that_o these_o two_o name_n may_v be_v affirm_v one_o of_o another_o be_v they_o agree_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o these_o two_o name_n it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v dispute_v about_o they_o for_o they_o will_v present_o and_o clear_o see_v be_v that_o adjust_v between_o they_o whether_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o the_o more_o general_a name_n bird_n be_v find_v in_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o bat_n or_o no_o and_o so_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n whether_o a_o bat_n be_v a_o bird_n or_o no._n and_o here_o i_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v consider_v and_o careful_o examine_v whether_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dispute_n in_o the_o world_n be_v not_o mere_o verbal_a and_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o that_o if_o
reason_n that_o make_v the_o define_n of_o mix_a modes_n so_o necessary_a especial_o of_o moral_a word_n be_v what_o i_o mention_v a_o little_a before_o and_o that_o be_v that_o it_o be_v the_o only_a way_n whereby_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o most_o of_o they_o can_v be_v know_v with_o certainty_n for_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n such_o who_o component_a part_n nowhere_o exist_v together_o but_o scatter_v and_o mingle_v with_o other_o it_o be_v the_o mind_n alone_o that_o collect_v they_o and_o give_v they_o the_o union_n of_o one_o idea_n and_o it_o be_v only_o by_o word_n enumerate_v the_o several_a simple_a idea_n which_o the_o mind_n have_v unite_v that_o we_o can_v make_v know_v to_o other_o what_o their_o name_n stand_v for_o and_o not_o by_o any_o application_n to_o the_o sense_n as_o we_o can_v do_v in_o sensible_a simple_a idea_n and_o also_o to_o some_o degree_n in_o substance_n §_o 19_o three_o for_o the_o explain_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n as_o they_o stand_v for_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o their_o distinct_a species_n both_o the_o forementioned_a way_n viz._n of_o show_v and_o define_v be_v requisite_a in_o many_o case_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o there_o be_v ordinary_o in_o each_o sort_v some_o lead_a quality_n to_o which_o we_o suppose_v the_o other_o which_o make_v up_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o that_o species_n annex_v we_o give_v the_o name_n to_o some_o quality_n or_o idea_n which_o be_v the_o most_o observable_a and_o we_o take_v to_o be_v the_o most_o distinguish_a idea_n of_o that_o species_n these_o lead_v or_o characteristical_a as_o i_o may_v so_o call_v they_o idea_n in_o the_o sort_n of_o animal_n and_o vegetable_n be_v as_o have_v be_v before_o remark_v most_o figure_n and_o in_o inanimate_a body_n colour_n and_o in_o some_o both_o together_o now_o §_o 20._o these_o lead_v sensible_a quality_n be_v those_o which_o make_v the_o chief_a ingredient_n of_o our_o specific_a idea_n and_o consequent_o the_o best_a definition_n of_o our_o specific_a name_n as_o attribute_v to_o sort_n of_o substance_n come_v under_o our_o knowledge_n for_o though_o the_o sound_a man_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v as_o apt_a to_o signify_v a_o complex_fw-la idea_n make_v up_o of_o animality_n and_o rationality_n unite_v in_o the_o same_o subject_a as_o to_o signify_v any_o other_o combination_n yet_o use_v as_o a_o mark_n to_o stand_v for_o a_o sort_n of_o creature_n we_o count_v of_o our_o own_o kind_n perhaps_o the_o outward_a shape_n be_v as_o necessary_a to_o be_v take_v into_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o word_n man_n as_o any_o other_o we_o find_v in_o it_o and_o therefore_o why_o plato_n animal_n implume_v bipe_n latis_fw-la unguibus_fw-la shall_v not_o be_v as_o good_a a_o definition_n of_o the_o name_n man_n stand_v for_o that_o sort_n of_o creature_n will_v not_o be_v easy_a to_o show_v for_o it_o be_v the_o shape_n as_o the_o lead_a quality_n that_o seem_v more_o to_o determine_v that_o species_n than_o a_o faculty_n of_o reason_v which_o appear_v not_o at_o first_o and_o in_o some_o never_o and_o if_o this_o be_v not_o allow_v to_o be_v so_o i_o do_v not_o know_v how_o they_o can_v be_v excuse_v from_o murder_n who_o kill_v monstrous_a birth_n as_o we_o call_v they_o because_o of_o a_o unordinary_a shape_n without_o know_v whether_o they_o have_v a_o rational_a soul_n or_o no_o which_o can_v be_v no_o more_o discern_v in_o a_o well-formed_a than_o ill-shaped_a infant_n as_o soon_o as_o bear_v and_o who_o be_v it_o have_v inform_v we_o that_o a_o rational_a soul_n can_v inhabit_v no_o tenement_n unless_o it_o have_v just_a such_o a_o sort_n of_o frontispiece_n or_o can_v join_v itself_o to_o and_o inform_v no_o sort_n of_o body_n but_o one_o that_o be_v just_a of_o such_o a_o outward_a structure_n §_o 21._o now_o these_o lead_a quality_n be_v best_a make_v know_v by_o show_v and_o can_v hardly_o be_v make_v know_v otherwise_o for_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o horse_n or_o cassuary_n will_v be_v but_o rude_o and_o imperfect_o imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n by_o word_n the_o sight_n of_o the_o animal_n do_v it_o a_o thousand_o time_n better_a and_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o particular_a colour_n of_o gold_n be_v not_o to_o be_v get_v by_o any_o description_n of_o it_o but_o only_o by_o the_o frequent_a exercise_n of_o the_o eye_n about_o it_o as_o be_v evident_a in_o those_o who_o be_v use_v to_o this_o metal_n who_o will_v frequent_o distinguish_v true_a from_o counterfeit_n pure_a from_o adulterate_a by_o the_o sight_n where_o other_o who_o have_v as_o good_a eye_n but_o yet_o by_o use_n have_v not_o get_v the_o precise_a nice_a idea_n of_o that_o peculiar_a yellow_n shall_v not_o perceive_v any_o difference_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o those_o other_o simple_a idea_n peculiar_a in_o their_o kind_n to_o any_o substance_n for_o which_o precise_a idea_n there_o be_v no_o peculiar_a name_n the_o particular_a ring_a sound_n there_o be_v in_o gold_n distinct_a from_o the_o sound_n of_o other_o body_n have_v no_o particular_a name_n annex_v to_o it_o no_o more_o than_o the_o particular_a yellow_n that_o belong_v to_o that_o metal_n §_o 22._o but_o because_o many_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o make_v up_o our_o specific_a idea_n of_o substance_n be_v power_n which_o lie_v not_o obvious_a to_o our_o sense_n in_o the_o thing_n as_o they_o ordinary_o appear_v therefore_o in_o the_o signification_n of_o our_o name_n of_o substance_n some_o part_n of_o the_o signification_n will_v be_v better_a make_v know_v by_o enumerate_v those_o simple_a idea_n than_o in_o show_v the_o substance_n itself_o for_o he_o that_o to_o the_o yellow_a shine_a colour_n of_o gold_n get_v by_o sight_n shall_v from_o my_o enumerate_v they_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o great_a ductility_n fusibility_n fixedness_n and_o solubility_n in_o aq._n regia_n will_v have_v a_o perfect_a idea_n of_o gold_n than_o he_o can_v have_v by_o see_v a_o piece_n of_o gold_n and_o thereby_o imprint_v in_o his_o mind_n only_o its_o obvious_a quality_n but_o if_o the_o formal_a constitution_n of_o this_o shine_a heavy_a ductil_a thing_n from_o whence_o all_o these_o its_o property_n flow_v lay_v open_a to_o our_o sense_n as_o the_o formal_a constitution_n or_o essence_n of_o a_o triangle_n do_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n gold_n may_v as_o easy_o be_v ascertain_v as_o that_o of_o triangle_n §_o 23._o hence_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n how_o much_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n of_o corporeal_a thing_n lie_v in_o our_o sense_n for_o how_o spirit_n separate_z from_o body_n who_o knowledge_n and_o idea_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v certain_o much_o more_o perfect_a than_o we_o know_v they_o we_o have_v no_o notion_n no_o idea_n at_o all_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o our_o knowledge_n or_o imagination_n reach_v not_o beyond_o our_o own_o idea_n limit_v to_o our_o way_n of_o perception_n though_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v that_o spirit_n of_o a_o high_a rank_n than_o those_o immerse_v in_o flesh_n may_v have_v as_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o radical_a constitution_n of_o substance_n as_o we_o have_v of_o a_o triangle_n and_o so_o perceive_v how_o all_o their_o property_n and_o operation_n flow_v from_o thence_o but_o the_o manner_n how_o they_o come_v by_o that_o knowledge_n exceed_v our_o conception_n §_o 24._o but_o though_o definition_n will_v serve_v to_o explain_v the_o name_n of_o substance_n as_o they_o stand_v for_o our_o idea_n yet_o they_o leave_v they_o not_o without_o great_a imperfection_n as_o they_o stand_v for_o thing_n for_o our_o name_n of_o substance_n be_v not_o put_v bare_o for_o our_o idea_n but_o be_v make_v use_n of_o ultimate_o to_o represent_v thing_n and_o so_o be_v put_v in_o their_o place_n their_o signification_n must_v agree_v with_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o with_o man_n idea_n and_o therefore_o in_o substance_n we_o be_v not_o always_o to_o rest_v in_o the_o ordinary_a complex_fw-la idea_n common_o receive_v as_o the_o signification_n of_o that_o word_n but_o to_o go_v a_o little_a far_o and_o inquire_v into_o the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o thereby_o perfect_a as_o much_o as_o we_o can_v our_o idea_n of_o their_o distinct_a species_n or_o else_o learn_v they_o from_o such_o as_o be_v use_v to_o that_o sort_n of_o thing_n and_o be_v experience_v in_o they_o for_o since_o it_o be_v intend_v their_o name_n shall_v stand_v for_o such_o collection_n of_o simple_a idea_n as_o do_v real_o exist_v in_o thing_n themselves_o as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n in_o other_o man_n mind_n which_o in_o their_o ordinary_a acceptation_n they_o
continuation_n of_o a_o discourse_n or_o the_o pursuit_n of_o a_o argument_n there_o be_v hardly_o room_n to_o digress_v into_o a_o particular_a definition_n as_o often_o as_o a_o man_n vary_v the_o signification_n of_o any_o term_n yet_o the_o import_n of_o the_o discourse_n will_v for_o the_o most_o part_n if_o there_o be_v no_o design_a fallacy_n sufficient_o lead_v candid_a and_o intelligent_a reader_n into_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o but_o where_o that_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o guide_v the_o reader_n there_o it_o concern_v the_o writer_n to_o explain_v his_o meaning_n and_o show_v in_o what_o sense_n he_o there_o use_v that_o term._n book_n iu._n chap._n i._o of_o knowledge_n in_o general_n §_o 1._o since_o the_o mind_n in_o all_o its_o thought_n and_o reason_n have_v no_o other_o immediate_a object_n but_o its_o own_o idea_n which_o it_o alone_o do_v or_o can_v contemplate_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o knowledge_n be_v only_o conversant_a about_o they_o §_o 2._o knowledge_n then_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o connexion_n and_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n and_o repugnancy_n of_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n in_o this_o alone_a it_o consist_v where_o this_o perception_n be_v there_o be_v knowledge_n and_o where_o it_o be_v not_o there_o though_o we_o may_v fancy_n guess_v or_o believe_v yet_o we_o always_o come_v short_a of_o knowledge_n for_o when_o we_o know_v that_o white_a be_v not_o black_a what_o do_v we_o else_o but_o perceive_v that_o these_o two_o idea_n do_v not_o agree_v when_o we_o possess_v ourselves_o with_o the_o utmost_a security_n of_o the_o demonstration_n that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o what_o do_v we_o more_o but_o perceive_v that_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o do_v necessary_o agree_v to_o and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n §_o 3._o but_o to_o understand_v a_o little_a more_o distinct_o wherein_o this_o agreement_n of_o disagreement_n consist_v i_o think_v we_o may_v reduce_v it_o all_o to_o these_o four_o sort_n 1._o identity_n or_o diversity_n 2._o relation_n 3._o coexistence_n or_o necessary_a connexion_n 4._o real_a existence_n §_o 4._o first_o as_o to_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n viz._n identiy_n or_o diversity_n it_o be_v the_o first_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n when_o it_o have_v any_o sentiment_n or_o idea_n at_o all_o to_o perceive_v its_o idea_n and_o so_o far_o as_o it_o perceive_v they_o to_o know_v each_o what_o it_o be_v and_o thereby_o also_o to_o perceive_v their_o difference_n and_o that_o one_o be_v not_o another_o this_o be_v so_o absolute_o necessary_a that_o without_o it_o there_o can_v be_v no_o knowledge_n no_o reason_v no_o imagination_n no_o distinct_a thought_n at_o all_o by_o this_o the_o mind_n clear_o and_o infallible_o perceive_v each_o idea_n to_o agree_v with_o itself_o and_o to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o all_o distinct_a idea_n to_o disagree_v i._n e._n the_o one_o not_o to_o be_v the_o other_o and_o this_o it_o do_v without_o any_o pain_n labour_n or_o deduction_n but_o at_o first_o view_n by_o its_o natural_a power_n of_o perception_n and_o distinction_n and_o though_o man_n of_o art_n have_v reduce_v this_o into_o those_o general_a rule_n what_o be_v be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v for_o ready_a application_n in_o all_o case_n wherein_o there_o may_v be_v occasion_n to_o reflect_v on_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o first_o exercise_n of_o this_o faculty_n be_v about_o particular_a idea_n a_o man_n infallible_o know_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o have_v they_o in_o his_o mind_n that_o the_o idea_n he_o call_v white_a and_o round_a be_v the_o very_a idea_n they_o be_v and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o other_o idea_n which_o he_o call_v red_a or_o square_n nor_o can_v any_o maxim_n or_o proposition_n in_o the_o world_n make_v he_o know_v it_o clear_a or_o sure_a than_o he_o do_v before_o or_o without_o any_o such_o general_a rule_n this_o then_o be_v the_o first_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n which_o the_o mind_n perceive_v in_o its_o idea_n which_o it_o always_o perceive_v at_o first_o sight_n and_o if_o there_o ever_o happen_v any_o doubt_n about_o it_o it_o will_v always_o be_v find_v to_o be_v about_o the_o name_n and_o not_o the_o idea_n themselves_o who_o identity_n and_o diversity_n will_v always_o be_v perceive_v as_o soon_o and_o as_o clear_o as_o the_o idea_n themselves_o be_v nor_o can_v it_o possible_o be_v otherwise_o §_o 5._o second_o the_o next_o sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n the_o mind_n perceive_v in_o any_o of_o its_o idea_n may_v i_o think_v be_v call_v relative_n and_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o relation_n between_o any_o two_o idea_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o whether_o substance_n modes_n or_o any_o other_o for_o since_o all_o distinct_a idea_n must_v eternal_o be_v know_v not_o to_o be_v the_o same_o and_o so_o be_v universal_o and_o constant_o deny_v one_o of_o another_o there_o can_v be_v no_o room_n for_o any_o positive_a knowledge_n at_o all_o if_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v any_o relation_n between_o our_o idea_n and_o find_v out_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n they_o have_v one_o with_o another_o in_o several_a way_n the_o mind_n take_v of_o compare_v they_o §_o 6._o three_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n to_o be_v find_v in_o our_o idea_n which_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v employ_v about_o be_v coexistence_n or_o non-co-existence_n in_o the_o same_o subject_a and_o this_o belong_v particular_o to_o substance_n thus_o when_o we_o pronounce_v concern_v gold_n that_o it_o be_v fix_v our_o knowledge_n of_o this_o truth_n amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o fixedness_n or_o a_o power_n to_o remain_v in_o the_o fire_n unconsume_v be_v a_o idea_n that_o always_o accompany_v and_o be_v join_v with_o that_o particular_a sort_n of_o yellowness_n weight_n fusibility_n malleableness_n and_o solubility_n in_o aq._n regia_n which_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o word_n gold_n §_o 7._o four_o the_o four_o and_o last_o sort_n be_v that_o of_o actual_a real_a existence_n agree_v to_o any_o idea_n within_o these_o four_o sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v i_o suppose_v contain_v all_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v or_o be_v capable_a of_o for_o all_o the_o inquiry_n that_o we_o can_v make_v concern_v any_o of_o our_o idea_n all_o that_o we_o know_v or_o can_v affirm_v concern_v any_o of_o they_o be_v that_o it_o be_v or_o be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o some_o other_o that_o it_o do_v or_o do_v not_o always_o co-exist_a with_o some_o other_o idea_n in_o the_o same_o subject_a that_o it_o have_v this_o or_o that_o relation_n to_o some_o other_o idea_n or_o that_o it_o have_v a_o real_a existence_n without_o the_o mind_n thus_o blue_n be_v not_o yellow_a be_v of_o identity_n two_o triangle_n upon_o equal_a basis_n between_o two_o parallel_n be_v equal_a be_v of_o relation_n iron_n be_v susceptible_a of_o magnetical_a impression_n be_v of_o coexistence_n god_n be_v be_v of_o real_a existence_n though_o identity_n and_o coexistence_n be_v true_o nothing_o but_o relation_n yet_o they_o be_v so_o peculiar_a way_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n that_o they_o deserve_v well_o to_o be_v consider_v as_o distinct_a head_n and_o not_o under_o relation_n in_o general_a since_o they_o be_v so_o different_a ground_n of_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n as_o will_v easy_o appear_v to_o any_o one_o who_o will_v but_o reflect_v on_o what_o be_v say_v in_o several_a place_n of_o this_o essay_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o examine_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n but_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a first_o to_o consider_v the_o different_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n knowledge_n §_o 8._o there_o be_v several_a way_n wherein_o the_o mind_n be_v possess_v of_o truth_n each_o of_o which_o be_v call_v knowledge_n 1._o there_o be_v actual_a knowledge_n which_o be_v the_o present_a view_n the_o mind_n have_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o its_o idea_n or_o of_o the_o relation_n they_o have_v one_o to_o another_o 2._o a_o man_n be_v say_v to_o know_v any_o proposition_n which_o have_v be_v once_o lay_v before_o his_o thought_n he_o evident_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n whereof_o it_o consist_v and_o so_o lodge_v it_o in_o his_o memory_n that_o whenever_o that_o proposition_n come_v again_o to_o be_v reflect_v on_o he_o without_o doubt_n or_o hesitation_n embrace_v the_o right_a side_n assent_v to_o and_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o
know_v if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o all_o knowledge_n lie_v only_o in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n the_o vision_n of_o a_o enthusiast_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o a_o sober_a man_n will_v be_v equal_o certain_a it_o be_v no_o matter_n how_o thing_n be_v so_o a_o man_n observe_v but_o the_o agreement_n of_o his_o own_o imagination_n and_o talk_v conformable_o it_o be_v all_o truth_n all_o certainty_n such_o castle_n in_o the_o air_n will_v be_v as_o strong_a hold_v of_o truth_n as_o the_o demonstration_n of_o euclid_n that_o a_o harpy_n be_v not_o a_o centaur_n be_v by_o this_o way_n as_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o as_o much_o a_o truth_n as_o that_o a_o square_n be_v not_o a_o circle_n but_o of_o what_o use_n be_v all_o this_o fine_a knowledge_n of_o man_n own_o imagination_n to_o a_o man_n that_o inquire_v after_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n it_o matter_n not_o what_o man_n fancy_n be_v it_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v only_o to_o be_v prize_v it_o be_v this_o alone_a give_v a_o value_n to_o our_o reason_n and_o preference_n to_o one_o man_n knowledge_n over_o another_o that_o it_o be_v of_o thing_n as_o they_o real_o be_v and_o not_o of_o dream_n and_o fancy_n §_o 2._o to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o if_o our_o knowledge_n of_o our_o idea_n terminate_v in_o they_o and_o reach_v no_o far_o where_o there_o be_v something_o far_o intend_v our_o most_o serious_a thought_n will_v be_v of_o little_o more_o use_n than_o the_o resvery_n of_o a_o crazy_a brain_n and_o the_o truth_n build_v thereon_o of_o no_o more_o weight_n than_o the_o discourse_n of_o a_o man_n who_o see_v thing_n clear_o in_o a_o dream_n and_o with_o great_a assurance_n utter_v they_o but_o i_o hope_v before_o i_o have_v do_v to_o make_v it_o evident_a that_o this_o way_n of_o certainty_n by_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n go_v a_o little_a far_o than_o bare_a imagination_n and_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o the_o certainty_n of_o general_a truth_n a_o man_n have_v lie_v in_o nothing_o else_o §_o 3._o it_o be_v evident_a the_o mind_n know_v not_o thing_n immediate_o but_o only_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v of_o they_o our_o knowledge_n therefore_o be_v real_a only_o so_o far_o as_o there_o be_v a_o conformity_n between_o our_o idea_n and_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n but_o what_o shall_v be_v here_o the_o criterion_n how_o shall_v the_o mind_n when_o it_o perceive_v nothing_o but_o its_o own_o idea_n know_v that_o they_o agree_v with_o thing_n themselves_o this_o though_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o want_v difficulty_n yet_o i_o think_v there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o idea_n that_o we_o may_v be_v assure_v agree_v with_o thing_n §_o 4._o first_o the_o first_o be_v simple_a idea_n which_o since_o the_o mind_n as_o have_v be_v show_v can_v by_o no_o mean_n make_v to_o itself_o must_v necessary_o be_v the_o product_n of_o thing_n operate_n on_o the_o mind_n in_o a_o natural_a way_n and_o produce_v therein_o those_o perception_n which_o by_o the_o wisdom_n and_o will_n of_o our_o maker_n they_o be_v ordain_v and_o adapt_v to_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o simple_a idea_n be_v not_o fiction_n of_o our_o fancy_n but_o the_o natural_a and_o regular_a production_n of_o thing_n without_o we_o real_o operate_n upon_o we_o and_o so_o carry_v with_o they_o all_o the_o conformity_n our_o state_n require_v which_o be_v to_o represent_v thing_n under_o those_o appearance_n they_o be_v fit_v to_o produce_v in_o we_o whereby_o we_o may_v distinguish_v the_o substance_n they_o be_v in_o and_o apply_v they_o to_o our_o uses_n thus_o the_o idea_n of_o whiteness_n or_o bitterness_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n exact_o answer_v that_o power_n which_o be_v in_o any_o body_n to_o produce_v it_o there_o have_v all_o the_o real_a conformity_n it_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v with_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o this_o conformity_n between_o our_o simple_a idea_n and_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n be_v sufficient_a for_o real_a knowledge_n §_o 5._o second_o all_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n except_o those_o of_o substance_n be_v archetype_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v own_o make_v not_o intend_v to_o be_v the_o copy_n of_o any_o thing_n nor_o refer_v to_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n as_o to_o their_o original_n can_v want_v any_o conformity_n necessary_a to_o real_a knowledge_n for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o design_v to_o represent_v any_o thing_n but_o itself_o can_v never_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o wrong_a representation_n nor_o mislead_v we_o from_o the_o true_a apprehension_n of_o any_o thing_n by_o its_o dislikeness_n to_o it_o and_o such_o except_v those_o of_o substance_n be_v all_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o another_o place_n be_v combination_n of_o idea_n which_o the_o mind_n by_o its_o free_a choice_n put_v together_o without_o consider_v any_o connexion_n they_o have_v in_o nature_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o these_o sort_v the_o idea_n themselves_o be_v consider_v as_o the_o archetype_n and_o thing_n no_o otherwise_o regard_v but_o as_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o they_o so_o that_o we_o can_v but_o be_v infallible_o certain_a that_o all_o the_o knowledge_n we_o attain_v concern_v these_o idea_n be_v real_a and_o reach_n thing_n themselves_o because_o in_o all_o our_o thought_n reason_n and_o discourse_n of_o this_o kind_n we_o intend_v thing_n no_o far_o than_o as_o they_o be_v conformable_a to_o our_o idea_n so_o that_o in_o these_o we_o can_v miss_v of_o a_o certain_a undoubted_a reality_n §_o 6._o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o will_v be_v easy_o grant_v that_o the_o knowledge_n we_o may_v have_v of_o mathematical_a truth_n be_v not_o only_o certain_a but_o real_a knowledge_n not_o idle_a chimaera_n of_o man_n brain_n and_o yet_o if_o we_o will_v consider_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o be_v only_o of_o our_o own_o idea_n the_o mathematician_n consider_v the_o truth_n and_o property_n belong_v to_o a_o rectangle_n or_o circle_n only_o as_o they_o be_v in_o idea_n in_o his_o own_o mind_n for_o it_o be_v possible_a he_o never_o find_v either_o of_o they_o exist_v mathematical_o i._n e._n precise_o true_a in_o his_o life_n but_o yet_o the_o knowledge_n he_o have_v of_o any_o truth_n or_o property_n belong_v to_o a_o circle_n or_o any_o other_o mathematical_a figure_n be_v nevertheless_o true_a and_o certain_a even_o of_o real_a thing_n exist_v because_o real_a thing_n be_v no_o far_o concern_v nor_o intend_v to_o be_v mean_v by_o any_o such_o proposition_n than_o as_o thing_n real_o agree_v to_o those_o archetype_n in_o his_o mind_n be_v it_o true_a of_o the_o idea_n of_o a_o triangle_n that_o its_o three_o angle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o it_o be_v true_a also_o of_o a_o triangle_n wherever_o it_o real_o exist_v what_o ever_o other_o figure_n exist_v that_o be_v not_o exact_o answerable_a to_o that_o idea_n of_o a_o triangle_n in_o his_o mind_n be_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v in_o that_o proposition_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v certain_a all_o his_o knowledge_n concern_v such_o idea_n be_v real_a knowledge_n because_o intend_v thing_n no_o far_a than_o they_o agree_v with_o those_o his_o idea_n he_o be_v sure_o what_o he_o know_v concern_v those_o figure_n when_o they_o have_v bare_o a_o ideal_o existence_n in_o his_o mind_n will_v hold_v true_a of_o they_o also_o when_o they_o have_v a_o real_a existence_n in_o matter_n his_o consideration_n be_v bare_o of_o those_o figure_n which_o be_v the_o same_o wherever_o or_o however_o they_o exist_v §_o 7._o and_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o moral_a knowledge_n be_v as_o capable_a of_o real_a certainty_n as_o mathematics_n for_o certainty_n be_v but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n and_o demonstration_n nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o such_o agreement_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o other_o idea_n or_o medium_n our_o moral_a idea_n as_o well_o as_o mathematical_a be_v archetype_n themselves_o and_o so_o adequate_a and_o complete_a idea_n all_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n we_o shall_v find_v in_o they_o will_v produce_v real_a knowledge_n as_o well_o as_o in_o mathematical_a figure_n §_o 8._o that_o which_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v our_o knowledge_n certain_a be_v the_o clearness_n of_o our_o idea_n and_o that_o which_o be_v require_v to_o make_v it_o reâ—l_v be_v that_o they_o answer_v their_o archetype_n nor_o let_v it_o be_v wonder_v that_o i_o place_v the_o certainty_n of_o our_o knowledge_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o our_o idea_n with_o so_o little_a care_n and_o regard_v as_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o
sure_a this_o be_v a_o conclusion_n that_o man_n nowhere_o allow_v of_o for_o if_o they_o do_v they_o will_v not_o make_v bold_a as_o everywhere_o they_o do_v to_o destroy_v ill-formed_n and_o mishap_a production_n ay_o but_o these_o be_v monster_n let_v they_o be_v so_o what_o will_v your_o driul_a unintelligent_a intractable_a changeling_n be_v shall_v a_o defect_n in_o the_o body_n make_v a_o monster_n a_o defect_n in_o the_o mind_n the_o far_o more_o noble_a and_o in_o the_o common_a phrase_n the_o far_o more_o essential_a part_n not_o shall_v the_o want_n of_o a_o nose_n or_o a_o neck_n make_v a_o monster_n and_o put_v such_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o rank_n of_o man_n the_o want_n of_o reason_n and_o understanding_n not_o this_o be_v to_o bring_v all_o back_n again_o to_o what_o be_v explode_v just_a now_o this_o be_v to_o place_v all_o in_o the_o shape_n and_o to_o take_v the_o measure_n of_o a_o man_n only_o by_o his_o outside_n to_o show_v that_o according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o reason_v in_o this_o matter_n people_n do_v lay_v the_o whole_a stress_n on_o the_o figure_n and_o resolve_v the_o whole_a essence_n of_o the_o species_n of_o man_n as_o they_o make_v it_o into_o the_o outward_a shape_n how_o unreasonable_a soever_o it_o be_v and_o how_o much_o soever_o they_o disow_v it_o we_o need_v but_o trace_v their_o thought_n and_o practise_v a_o little_a far_o and_o then_o it_o will_v plain_o appear_v the_o well-shaped_a changeling_n be_v a_o man_n have_v a_o rational_a soul_n though_o it_o appear_v not_o this_o be_v past_a doubt_n say_v you_o make_v the_o ear_n a_o little_a long_o and_o more_o point_a and_o the_o nose_n a_o little_a flatter_v than_o ordinary_a and_o then_o you_o begin_v to_o boggle_v make_v the_o face_n yet_o narrow_a flatter_v and_o long_o and_o then_o you_o begin_v to_o doubt_v add_v still_o more_o and_o more_o of_o the_o likeness_n of_o a_o brute_n to_o it_o and_o let_v the_o head_n be_v perfect_o that_o of_o some_o other_o animal_n then_o present_o it_o be_v a_o monster_n and_o it_o be_v demonstration_n with_o you_o that_o it_o have_v no_o rational_a soul_n and_o must_v be_v destroy_v where_o now_o i_o ask_v shall_v be_v the_o just_a measure_n which_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o that_o shape_n which_o carry_v with_o it_o a_o rational_a soul_n for_o since_o there_o have_v be_v (null)_o foetus_n produce_v half_a beast_n and_o half_a man_n and_o other_o three_o part_n one_o and_o one_o part_v other_o and_o so_o it_o be_v possible_a they_o may_v be_v in_o all_o the_o variety_n of_o approach_n to_o one_o shape_n or_o the_o other_o and_o may_v have_v several_a degree_n of_o mixture_n of_o the_o likeness_n of_o a_o man_n or_o a_o brute_n i_o will_v glad_o know_v what_o be_v those_o precise_a lineament_n which_o according_a to_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v or_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o rational_a soul_n to_o be_v join_v to_o they_o what_o sort_n of_o outside_n be_v the_o certain_a sign_n that_o there_o be_v or_o be_v not_o such_o a_o inhabitant_n within_o for_o till_o that_o be_v do_v we_o talk_v at_o random_n of_o man_n and_o shall_v always_o i_o fear_v do_v so_o as_o long_o as_o we_o give_v ourselves_o up_o to_o certain_a sound_n and_o the_o imagination_n of_o settle_a and_o fix_v species_n in_o nature_n we_o know_v not_o what_o but_o after_o all_o i_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v consider_v that_o those_o who_o think_v they_o have_v answer_v the_o difficulty_n by_o tell_v we_o that_o a_o mishap_a foetus_fw-la be_v a_o monster_n run_v into_o the_o same_o fault_n they_o be_v argue_v against_o by_o constitute_v a_o species_n between_o man_n and_o beast_n for_o what_o else_o i_o pray_v be_v their_o monster_n in_o the_o case_n if_o the_o word_n monster_n signify_v any_o thing_n at_o all_o but_o something_o neither_o man_n nor_o beast_n but_o partake_v somewhat_o of_o either_o and_o just_o so_o be_v the_o changeling_n before_o mention_v so_o necessary_a be_v it_o to_o quit_v the_o common_a notion_n of_o species_n and_o essence_n if_o we_o will_v true_o look_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o examine_v they_o by_o what_o our_o faculty_n can_v discover_v in_o they_o as_o they_o exist_v and_o not_o by_o groundless_a fancy_n have_v be_v take_v up_o about_o they_o §_o 17._o i_o have_v mention_v this_o here_o because_o i_o think_v we_o can_v be_v too_o cautious_a that_o word_n and_o species_n in_o the_o ordinary_a notion_n we_o have_v be_v use_v to_o of_o they_o impose_v not_o on_o we_o for_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v therein_o lie_v one_o great_a obstacle_n to_o our_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n especial_o in_o reference_n to_o substance_n and_o from_o thence_o have_v rose_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o difficulty_n about_o truth_n and_o certainty_n will_v we_o accustom_v ourselves_o to_o separate_v our_o contemplation_n and_o reason_n from_o word_n we_o may_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n remedy_n this_o inconvenience_n within_o our_o own_o thought_n but_o yet_o it_o will_v still_o disturb_v we_o in_o our_o discourse_n with_o other_o as_o long_o as_o we_o retain_v the_o opinion_n that_o species_n and_o their_o essence_n be_v any_o thing_n else_o but_o our_o abstract_n idea_n such_o as_o they_o be_v with_o name_n annex_v to_o they_o to_o be_v the_o sign_n of_o they_o §_o 18._o where_o ever_o we_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n there_o be_v certain_a knowledge_n and_o where_o ever_o we_o be_v sure_o those_o idea_n agree_v with_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n there_o be_v certain_a real_a knowledge_n of_o which_o agreement_n of_o our_o idea_n with_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n have_v here_o give_v the_o mark_n i_o think_v i_o have_v show_v wherein_o it_o be_v that_o certainty_n real_a certainty_n consist_v which_o whatever_n it_o be_v to_o other_o be_v i_o confess_v to_o i_o heretofore_o one_o of_o those_o desiderata_fw-la which_o i_o find_v great_a want_n of_o chap._n v._o of_o truth_n in_o general_n §_o 1._o what_o be_v truth_n be_v a_o enquiry_n many_o age_n since_o and_o it_o be_v that_o which_o all_o mankind_n either_o do_v or_o pretend_v to_o search_v after_o it_o can_v but_o be_v worth_a our_o while_n careful_o to_o examine_v wherein_o it_o consist_v and_o so_o acquaint_v ourselves_o with_o the_o nature_n of_o it_o as_o to_o observe_v how_o the_o mind_n distinguish_v it_o from_o falsehood_n §_o 2._o truth_n then_o seem_v to_o i_o in_o the_o proper_a import_n of_o the_o word_n to_o signify_v nothing_o but_o the_o join_n or_o separate_n of_o sign_n as_o the_o thing_n signify_v by_o they_o do_v agree_v or_o disagree_v one_o with_o another_o which_o way_n of_o join_v or_o separate_n of_o sign_n we_o call_v proposition_n so_o that_o truth_n proper_o belong_v only_o to_o proposition_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n viz._n mental_a and_o verbal_a as_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o sign_n common_o make_v use_n of_o viz._n idea_n and_o word_n §_o 3._o to_o form_v a_o clear_a notion_n of_o truth_n it_o be_v very_o necessary_a to_o consider_v truth_n of_o thought_n and_o truth_n of_o word_n distinct_o one_o from_o another_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o treat_v of_o they_o asunder_o because_o it_o be_v unavoidable_a in_o treat_v of_o mental_a proposition_n to_o make_v use_n of_o word_n and_o then_o the_o instance_n give_v of_o mental_a proposition_n cease_v immediate_o to_o be_v bare_o mental_a and_o become_v verbal_a for_o a_o mental_a proposition_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o bare_a consideration_n of_o the_o idea_n as_o they_o be_v in_o our_o mind_n strip_v of_o name_n they_o lose_v the_o nature_n of_o pure_o mental_a proposition_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v put_v into_o word_n §_o 4._o and_o that_o which_o make_v it_o yet_o hard_o to_o treat_v of_o mental_a and_o verbal_a proposition_n separately_z be_v that_o most_o man_n if_o not_o all_o in_o their_o think_v and_o reason_v within_o themselves_o make_v use_n of_o word_n instead_o of_o idea_n at_o least_o when_o the_o subject_n of_o their_o meditation_n contain_v in_o it_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o be_v a_o great_a evidence_n of_o the_o imperfection_n and_o uncertainty_n of_o our_o idea_n of_o that_o kind_n and_o may_v if_o attentive_o make_v use_v of_o serve_v for_o a_o mark_n to_o show_v we_o what_o be_v those_o thing_n we_o have_v clear_a and_o perfect_a establish_a idea_n of_o and_o what_o not_o for_o if_o we_o will_v curious_o observe_v the_o way_n our_o mind_n take_v in_o think_v and_o reason_v we_o shall_v find_v i_o suppose_v that_o when_o we_o make_v any_o proposition_n within_o our_o own_o thought_n about_o white_a or_o black_a sweet_a or_o bitter_a a_o triangle_n or_o a_o circle_n we_o can_v and_o often_o do_v frame_n
agree_v to_o several_a abstract_n idea_n of_o which_o we_o make_v those_o name_n the_o sign_n be_v to_o confound_v truth_n and_o introduce_v uncertainty_n into_o all_o general_a proposition_n that_o can_v be_v make_v about_o they_o though_o therefore_o these_o thing_n may_v to_o people_n not_o possess_v with_o scholastic_a learning_n be_v perhaps_o treat_v of_o in_o a_o better_a and_o clear_a way_n yet_o those_o wrong_a notion_n of_o essence_n and_o species_n have_v get_v root_n in_o most_o people_n mind_n who_o have_v receive_v any_o tincture_n from_o the_o learning_n which_o have_v prevail_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v and_o remove_v to_o make_v way_n for_o that_o use_n of_o word_n which_o shall_v convey_v certainty_n with_o it_o §_o 5._o the_o name_n of_o substance_n then_o wheâ—ever_o make_v to_o stand_v for_o species_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v constitute_v by_o real_a essence_n which_o we_o know_v not_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o convey_v certainty_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o general_a proposition_n make_v up_o of_o such_o term_n we_o can_v be_v sure_o §_o 6._o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o name_n of_o substance_n when_o make_v use_v of_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v for_o the_o idea_n man_n have_v in_o their_o mind_n though_o they_o carry_v a_o clear_a and_o determinate_a signification_n with_o they_o will_v not_o yet_o serve_v we_o to_o make_v many_o universal_a proposition_n of_o who_o truth_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a not_o because_o in_o this_o use_n of_o they_o we_o be_v uncertain_a what_o thing_n be_v signify_v by_o they_o but_o because_o the_o complex_fw-la ideas_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v such_o combination_n of_o simple_a one_o as_o carry_v not_o with_o they_o any_o discoverable_a connexion_n or_o repugnancy_n but_o with_o a_o very_a few_o other_o idea_n §_o 7._o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n that_o our_o name_n of_o substance_n proper_o stand_v for_o be_v collection_n of_o such_o quality_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o co-exist_a but_o what_o other_o quality_n necessary_o co-exist_a with_o such_o combination_n we_o can_v certain_o know_v unless_o we_o can_v discover_v their_o natural_a dependence_n which_o in_o their_o primary_n quality_n we_o can_v go_v but_o a_o very_a little_a way_n in_o and_o in_o all_o their_o secundary_a quality_n we_o can_v discover_v no_o connexion_n at_o all_o for_o the_o reason_n mention_v chap._n 3._o viz._n 1._o because_o we_o know_v not_o the_o real_a constitution_n of_o substance_n on_o which_o each_o secundary_a quality_n particular_o depend_v 2._o do_v we_o know_v that_o it_o will_v serve_v we_o only_o for_o experimental_a not_o universal_a knowledge_n and_o reach_v with_o certainty_n no_o far_o than_o that_o bare_a instance_n because_o our_o understanding_n can_v discover_v no_o conceivable_a connexion_n between_o any_o secundary_a quality_n and_o any_o modification_n whatsoever_o of_o any_o of_o the_o primary_n one_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v very_o few_o general_a proposition_n to_o be_v make_v concern_v substance_n which_o can_v carry_v with_o they_o undoubted_a certainty_n §_o 8._o all_o gold_n be_v fix_v be_v a_o proposition_n who_o truth_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o how_o universal_o soever_o it_o be_v believe_v for_o if_o according_a to_o the_o useless_a imagination_n of_o the_o school_n any_o one_o suppose_v the_o term_n gold_n to_o stand_v for_o a_o species_n of_o thing_n set_v out_o by_o nature_n by_o a_o real_a essence_n belong_v to_o it_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o know_v not_o what_o particular_a substance_n be_v of_o that_o species_n and_o so_o can_v with_o certainty_n affirm_v any_o thing_n universal_o of_o gold_n but_o if_o he_o make_v gold_n stand_v for_o a_o species_n determine_v by_o its_o nominal_a essence_n let_v the_o nominal_a essence_n for_o example_n be_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o body_n of_o a_o certain_a yellow_a colour_n malleable_a susible_a and_o heavy_a than_o any_o other_o know_v in_o this_o proper_a use_n of_o the_o word_n gold_n there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n to_o know_v what_o be_v or_o be_v not_o gold_n but_o yet_o no_o other_o quality_n can_v with_o certainty_n be_v universal_o affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o gold_n but_o what_o have_v a_o discoverable_a connexion_n or_o inconsistency_n with_o that_o nominal_a essence_n fixedness_n for_o example_n have_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n that_o we_o can_v discover_v with_o the_o colour_n weight_n or_o any_o other_o simple_a idea_n of_o our_o complex_fw-la one_o or_o with_o the_o whole_a combination_n together_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o we_o shall_v certain_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n that_o all_o gold_n be_v fix_v §_o 9_o as_o there_o be_v no_o discoverable_a connexion_n between_o fixedness_n and_o the_o colour_n weight_n and_o other_o simple_a idea_n of_o that_o nominal_a essence_n of_o goldâ—_n â—_z so_o if_o we_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n a_o body_n yellow_a fusible_a ductile_a weighty_a and_o fix_v we_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o same_o uncertainty_n concern_v solubility_n in_o aq._n regius_fw-la and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n since_o we_o can_v never_o from_o consideration_n of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o with_o certainty_n affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o a_o body_n who_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v make_v up_o of_o yellow_a very_o weighty_a ductile_a fusible_a and_o fix_v that_o it_o be_v soluble_a in_o aq._n regius_fw-la and_o so_o on_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o quality_n i_o will_v glad_o meet_v with_o one_o general_a affirmation_n concern_v any_o quality_n of_o gold_n that_o any_o one_o can_v certain_o know_v be_v true_a it_o will_v no_o doubt_n be_v present_o object_v be_v not_o this_o a_o universal_a certain_a proposition_n all_o gold_n be_v malleableâ—_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v it_o be_v a_o very_a certain_a proposition_n if_o malleableness_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o word_n gold_n stand_v for_o but_o then_o here_o be_v nothing_o affirm_v of_o gold_n but_o that_o that_o sound_v stand_v for_o a_o idea_n in_o which_o malleableness_n be_v contain_v and_o such_o a_o sort_n of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n as_o this_o it_o be_v to_o say_v a_o centaur_n be_v fourfooted_a but_o if_o malleableness_n make_v not_o a_o part_n of_o the_o specific_a essence_n the_o name_n gold_n stand_v for_o it_o be_v plain_a all_o gold_n be_v malleable_a be_v not_o a_o certain_a proposition_n because_o let_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n be_v make_v up_o of_o whichsoever_o of_o its_o other_o quality_n you_o please_v malleableness_n will_v not_o appear_v to_o depend_v on_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n nor_o follow_v from_o any_o simple_a one_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o connexion_n that_o malleableness_n have_v if_o it_o have_v any_o with_o those_o other_o quality_n be_v only_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o real_a constitution_n of_o its_o insensible_a part_n which_o since_o we_o know_v not_o it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v perceive_v that_o connexion_n unless_o we_o can_v discover_v that_o which_o tie_v they_o together_o §_o 10._o the_o more_o indeed_o of_o these_o co-existing_a quality_n we_o unite_v into_o one_o complex_fw-la idea_n under_o one_o name_n the_o more_o precise_a and_o determinate_a we_o make_v the_o signification_n of_o that_o word_n but_o yet_o never_o make_v it_o more_o capable_a of_o universal_a certainty_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o quality_n not_o contain_v in_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n since_o we_o perceive_v not_o their_o connexion_n or_o dependence_n one_o on_o another_o be_v ignorant_a both_o of_o that_o real_a constitution_n in_o which_o they_o be_v all_o found_v and_o also_o how_o they_o flow_v from_o it_o for_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n concern_v substance_n be_v not_o as_o in_o other_o thing_n bare_o of_o the_o relation_n of_o two_o idea_n that_o may_v exist_v separately_z but_o of_o the_o necessary_a connexion_n and_o coexistence_n of_o several_a distinct_a idea_n in_o the_o same_o subject_a or_o of_o their_o repugnancy_n so_o to_o co-exist_a can_v we_o begin_v at_o the_o other_o end_n and_o discover_v what_o it_o be_v wherein_o that_o colour_n consist_v what_o make_v a_o body_n light_a or_o heavy_a what_o texture_n of_o part_n make_v it_o malleable_a fusible_a and_o fix_v and_o fit_a to_o be_v dissolve_v in_o this_o sort_n of_o liquor_n and_o not_o in_o another_o if_o i_o say_v we_o have_v such_o a_o idea_n as_o this_o of_o body_n and_o can_v perceive_v wherein_o all_o sensible_a quality_n original_o consist_v and_o how_o they_o be_v produce_v we_o may_v frame_v such_o abstract_n idea_n of_o they_o as_o will_v furnish_v we_o with_o matter_n of_o more_o general_a knowledge_n and_o enable_v we_o to_o make_v universal_a proposition_n that_o shall_v carry_v general_a truth_n and_o certainty_n with_o they_o but_o whilst_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o substance_n be_v
that_o safe_o eat_v hemlock_n and_o other_o that_o be_v nourish_v by_o wood_n and_o stone_n but_o as_o long_o as_o we_o want_v idea_n of_o those_o real_a constitution_n of_o animal_n whereon_o these_o and_o the_o like_a quality_n and_o power_n depend_v we_o must_v not_o hope_v to_o reach_v certainty_n in_o universal_a proposition_n concern_v they_o those_o few_o idea_n only_o which_o have_v a_o discernible_a connexion_n with_o our_o nominal_a essence_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o can_v afford_v we_o such_o proposition_n but_o these_o be_v so_o few_o and_o of_o so_o little_a moment_n that_o we_o may_v just_o look_v on_o our_o certain_a general_a knowledge_n of_o substance_n as_o almost_o none_o at_o all_o §_o 16._o to_o conclude_v general_n proposition_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o be_v then_o only_o capable_a of_o certainty_n when_o the_o term_n use_v in_o they_o stand_v for_o such_o idea_n who_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n as_o there_o express_v be_v capable_a to_o be_v discover_v by_o we_o and_o we_o be_v then_o certain_a of_o their_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n when_o we_o perceive_v the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o to_o agree_v or_o not_o agree_v according_a as_o they_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v one_o of_o another_o whence_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o general_a certainty_n be_v never_o to_o be_v find_v but_o in_o our_o idea_n whenever_o we_o go_v to_o seek_v it_o elsewhere_o in_o experiment_n or_o observation_n without_o we_o our_o knowledge_n go_v not_o beyond_o particular_n it_o be_v the_o contemplation_n of_o our_o own_o abstract_n idea_n that_o alone_o be_v able_a to_o afford_v we_o general_a knowledge_n chap._n vii_o of_o maxim_n §_o 1._o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o proposition_n which_o under_o the_o name_n of_o maxim_n and_o axiom_n have_v pass_v for_o principle_n of_o science_n and_o because_o they_o be_v self-evident_a have_v be_v suppose_v innate_a without_o that_o any_o body_n that_o i_o know_v ever_o go_v about_o to_o show_v the_o reason_n and_o foundation_n of_o their_o clearness_n or_o cogency_n it_o may_v however_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o evidence_n and_o see_v whether_o it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o they_o alone_o and_o also_o examine_v how_o far_o they_o influence_n and_o govern_v our_o other_o knowledge_n §_o 2._o knowledge_n as_o have_v be_v show_v consist_v in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n now_o where_o that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v perceive_v immediate_o by_o itself_o without_o the_o intervention_n or_o help_n of_o any_o other_o there_o our_o knowledge_n be_v self-evident_a this_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v so_o to_o any_o one_o who_o will_v but_o consider_v any_o of_o these_o proposition_n which_o without_o any_o proof_n he_o assent_v to_o at_o first_o sight_n for_o in_o all_o these_o he_o will_v find_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o assent_n be_v from_o that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n the_o mind_n by_o a_o immediate_a compare_v they_o find_v in_o those_o idea_n answer_v the_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n in_o the_o proposition_n §_o 3._o this_o be_v so_o in_o the_o next_o place_n let_v we_o consider_v whether_o this_o self-evident_a be_v peculiar_a only_o to_o these_o proposition_n which_o be_v receive_v for_o maxim_n and_o have_v the_o dignity_n of_o axiom_n allow_v they_o and_o here_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o several_a other_o truth_n not_o allow_v to_o be_v axiom_n partake_v equal_o with_o they_o in_o this_o self-evidence_n this_o we_o shall_v see_v if_o we_o go_v over_o these_o several_a sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n which_o i_o have_v above_o mention_v viz._n identity_n relation_n coexistence_n and_o real_a existence_n which_o will_v discover_v to_o we_o that_o not_o only_o those_o few_o proposition_n which_o have_v have_v the_o credit_n of_o maxim_n be_v self-evident_a but_o a_o great_a many_o even_o almost_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o other_o proposition_n be_v such_o §_o 4._o for_o first_o the_o immediate_a perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o identity_n be_v found_v in_o the_o mind_n be_v have_v distinct_a idea_n this_o afford_v we_o as_o many_o self-evident_a proposition_n as_o we_o have_v distinct_a idea_n every_o one_o that_o have_v any_o knowledge_n at_o all_o have_v as_o the_o foundation_n of_o it_o various_a and_o distinct_a idea_n and_o it_o be_v the_o first_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n without_o which_o it_o can_v never_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o knowledge_n to_o know_v every_o one_o of_o its_o idea_n by_o itself_o and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o this_o be_v that_o which_o every_o one_o find_v in_o himself_o that_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v know_v he_o know_v also_o when_o any_o one_o be_v in_o his_o understanding_n and_o what_o it_o be_v and_o when_o more_o than_o one_o be_v there_o he_o know_v they_o distinct_o and_o unconfuse_o one_o from_o another_o which_o always_o be_v so_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o he_o shall_v perceive_v what_o he_o perceive_v he_o can_v never_o be_v in_o doubt_n when_o any_o idea_n be_v in_o his_o mind_n that_o it_o be_v there_o and_o be_v that_o idea_n it_o be_v and_o that_o two_o distinct_a idea_n when_o they_o be_v in_o his_o mind_n be_v there_o and_o be_v not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o idea_n so_o that_o all_o such_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n be_v make_v without_o any_o possibility_n of_o doubt_n uncertainty_n or_o hesitation_n and_o must_v necessary_o be_v assent_v to_o as_o soon_o as_o understand_v that_o be_v as_o soon_o as_o we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n clear_a and_o distinct_a which_o the_o term_n in_o the_o proposition_n stand_v for_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o alone_o to_o these_o two_o general_a proposition_n whatsoever_o be_v be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v that_o this_o self-evidence_n belong_v by_o any_o peculiar_a right_n the_o perception_n of_o be_v or_o not_o be_v belong_v no_o more_o no_o these_o vague_n idea_n signify_v by_o the_o term_n whatsoever_o and_o thing_n than_o it_o do_v to_o any_o other_o idea_n the_o mind_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o proof_n perceive_v as_o clear_o and_o know_v as_o certain_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o white_a be_v the_o idea_n of_o white_a and_o not_o the_o idea_n of_o blue_n and_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o white_a when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n be_v there_o and_o be_v not_o absent_a and_o so_o a_o triangle_n motion_n a_o man_n or_o any_o other_o idea_n whatsoever_o so_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o identity_n our_o intuitive_a knowledge_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o our_o idea_n and_o so_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o make_v as_o many_o self-evident_a proposition_n as_o we_o have_v name_n for_o distinct_a idea_n and_o i_o appeal_v to_o ever_o one_o be_v own_o mind_n whether_o this_o proposition_n a_o circle_n be_v a_o circle_n be_v not_o as_o self-evident_a a_o proposition_n as_o that_o consist_v of_o more_o general_a term_n whatsoever_o be_v be_v and_o again_o whether_o this_o proposition_n blue_n be_v not_o red_a be_v not_o a_o proposition_n that_o the_o mind_n can_v no_o more_o doubt_n of_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o understand_v the_o word_n than_o it_o do_v of_o that_o axiom_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o like_a §_o 5._o second_o as_o to_o coexistence_n or_o such_o a_o necessary_a connexion_n between_o two_o idea_n that_o in_o the_o subject_a where_o one_o of_o they_o be_v suppose_v there_o the_o other_o must_v necessary_o be_v also_o of_o such_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n as_o this_o the_o mind_n have_v a_o immediate_a perception_n but_o in_o very_a few_o of_o they_o and_o therefore_o in_o this_o sort_n we_o have_v but_o very_o little_a intuitive_a knowledge_n nor_o be_v there_o to_o be_v find_v very_o many_o proposition_n that_o be_v self-evident_a though_o some_o there_o be_v v_o g._n the_o idea_n of_o fill_v of_o a_o place_n equal_a to_o the_o content_n of_o its_o superficies_n be_v annex_v to_o our_o idea_n of_o body_n i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o self-evident_a proposition_n that_o two_o body_n can_v be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n §_o 6._o three_o as_o to_o the_o relation_n of_o modes_n mathematician_n have_v frame_v many_o axiom_n concern_v that_o one_o relation_n of_o equality_n as_o equal_v take_v from_o equal_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v equal_n which_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o kind_n however_o they_o be_v receive_v for_o maxim_n by_o the_o mathematician_n and_o be_v unquestionable_a truth_n yet_o i_o think_v that_o any_o one_o who_o consider_v they_o will_v not_o find_v that_o they_o have_v a_o clear_a self-evidence_n than_o these_o that_o one_o and_o one_o be_v equal_a to_o two_o that_o if_o you_o
but_o if_o another_o shall_v come_v and_o make_v to_o himself_o another_o idea_n different_a from_o cartes_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o yet_o with_o cartes_n he_o call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n body_n and_o make_v his_o idea_n which_o he_o express_v by_o the_o word_n body_n to_o consist_v of_o extension_n and_o solidity_n together_o he_o will_v as_o easy_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o vacuum_n or_o space_n without_o a_o body_n as_o cartes_n demonstrate_v the_o contrary_a because_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o he_o give_v the_o name_n space_n be_v bare_a extension_n and_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o he_o give_v the_o name_n body_n be_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o extension_n and_o resistibility_n or_o solidity_n together_o these_o two_o idea_n be_v not_o exact_o one_o and_o the_o same_o but_o in_o the_o understanding_n as_o distinct_a as_o the_o idea_n of_o one_o and_o two_o white_a and_o black_a or_o as_o of_o corporeity_n and_o humanity_n if_o i_o may_v use_v those_o barbarous_a term_n and_o therefore_o the_o predication_n of_o they_o in_o our_o mind_n or_o in_o word_n stand_v for_o they_o be_v not_o identical_a but_o the_o negation_n of_o they_o one_o of_o another_o as_o certain_a and_o evident_a as_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v §_o 14._o but_o yet_o though_o both_o these_o proposition_n as_o you_o see_v may_v be_v equal_o demonstrate_v viz._n that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o vacuum_n and_o that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o vacuum_n by_o these_o two_o certain_a principle_n viz._n what_o be_v be_v and_o the_o same_o thing_n can_v be_v and_o not_o be_v yet_o neither_o of_o these_o principle_n will_v serve_v to_o prove_v to_o we_o that_o any_o or_o what_o body_n do_v exist_v for_o that_o we_o be_v leâ—t_v to_o our_o sense_n to_o discover_v to_o we_o as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v those_o universal_a and_o self-evident_a principle_n be_v only_o our_o constant_a clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n more_o general_a or_o comprehensive_a can_v assure_v we_o of_o nothing_o that_o pass_v without_o the_o mind_n their_o certainty_n be_v found_v only_o upon_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o each_o idea_n by_o its_o self_n and_o of_o its_o distinction_n from_o other_o about_o which_o we_o can_v be_v mistake_v whilst_o they_o be_v in_o our_o mind_n though_o we_o may_v and_o often_o be_v mistake_v when_o we_o retain_v the_o name_n without_o the_o idea_n or_o use_v they_o confuse_o sometime_o for_o one_o and_o sometime_o for_o another_o idea_n in_o which_o case_n the_o source_n of_o these_o axiom_n reach_v only_o to_o the_o sound_n and_o not_o the_o signfication_n of_o the_o word_n serve_v only_o to_o lead_v we_o into_o confusion_n mistake_v and_o error_n §_o 15._o but_o let_v they_o be_v of_o what_o use_v they_o will_v in_o verbal_a proposition_n they_o can_v discover_v or_o prove_v to_o we_o the_o least_o knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o substance_n as_o they_o be_v find_v and_o exist_v without_o we_o any_o far_a than_o ground_v on_o experience_n and_o though_o the_o consequence_n of_o these_o two_o proposition_n call_v principle_n be_v very_o clear_a and_o their_o use_n not_o very_o dangerous_a or_o hurtful_a in_o the_o probation_n of_o such_o thing_n wherein_o there_o be_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o they_o for_o proof_n but_o such_o as_o be_v clear_a by_o themselves_o without_o they_o viz._n where_o our_o idea_n be_v clear_a and_o distinct_a and_o know_v by_o the_o name_n that_o stand_v for_o they_o yet_o when_o these_o principle_n viz._n what_o be_v be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o the_o probation_n of_o proposition_n wherein_o be_v word_n stand_v for_o complex_fw-la idea_n v_o g_o man_n horse_n gold_n virtue_n there_o they_o be_v of_o infinite_a danger_n and_o most_o common_o make_v man_n receive_v and_o retain_v falsehood_n for_o manifest_a truth_n and_o uncertainty_n for_o demonstration_n upon_o which_o follow_v error_n obstinacy_n and_o all_o the_o mischief_n that_o can_v happen_v from_o wrong_n reason_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v not_o that_o these_o principle_n be_v less_o true_a in_o such_o proposition_n consist_v of_o word_n stand_v for_o complex_fw-la idea_n than_o in_o those_o of_o simple_a idea_n but_o because_o man_n mistake_v general_o think_v such_o proposition_n to_o be_v about_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n and_o not_o the_o bare_a signification_n of_o word_n when_o indeed_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n nothing_o else_o as_o be_v clear_a in_o the_o demonstration_n of_o vacuum_n where_o the_o word_n body_n sometime_o stand_v for_o one_o idea_n and_o sometime_o for_o another_o but_o shall_v be_v yet_o make_v more_o manifest_a §_o 16._o as_o for_o instance_n let_v man_n be_v that_o concern_v which_o you_o will_v by_o these_o first_o principle_n demonstrate_v any_o thing_n and_o we_o shall_v see_v that_o so_o far_o as_o demonstration_n be_v by_o these_o principle_n it_o be_v only_o verbal_a and_o give_v we_o no_o certain_a universal_a true_a proposition_n or_o knowledge_n of_o any_o be_v existing_a without_o we_o first_o a_o child_n have_v frame_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o man_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o his_o idea_n be_v just_a like_o that_o picture_n which_o the_o painter_n make_v of_o the_o visible_a appearance_n join_v together_o and_o such_o a_o complexion_n of_o idea_n together_o in_o his_o understanding_n make_v up_o the_o single_a complex_fw-la idea_n which_o he_o call_v man_n whereof_o white_a or_o flesh-colour_n in_o england_n be_v one_o the_o child_n can_v demonstrate_v to_o you_o that_o a_o negro_n be_v not_o a_o man_n because_o whitecolour_n be_v one_o of_o the_o constant_a simple_a idea_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n he_o call_v man_n and_o therefore_o he_o can_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o principle_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v that_o a_o negro_n be_v not_o a_o man_n the_o foundation_n of_o his_o certainty_n be_v not_o that_o universal_a proposition_n which_o perhaps_o he_o never_o hear_v nor_o think_v of_o but_o the_o clear_a distinct_a perception_n he_o have_v of_o his_o own_o simple_a idea_n of_o black_a and_o white_a which_o he_o can_v be_v persuade_v to_o take_v nor_o can_v ever_o mistake_v one_o for_o another_o whether_o he_o know_v that_o maxim_n or_o no_o and_o to_o this_o child_n or_o any_o one_o who_o have_v such_o a_o idea_n which_o he_o call_v man_n can_v you_o never_o demonstrate_v that_o a_o man_n have_v a_o soul_n because_o his_o idea_n of_o man_n include_v no_o such_o notion_n or_o idea_n in_o it_o and_o therefore_o to_o he_o the_o principle_n of_o what_o be_v be_v prove_v not_o this_o matter_n but_o it_o depend_v upon_o collection_n and_o observation_n by_o which_o he_o be_v to_o make_v his_o complex_fw-la idea_n call_v man._n §_o 17._o second_o another_o that_o have_v go_v far_o in_o frame_v and_o collect_v the_o idea_n he_o call_v man_n and_o to_o the_o outward_a shape_n add_v laughter_n and_o rational_a discourse_n may_v demonstrate_v that_o infant_n and_o changeling_n be_v no_o man_n by_o this_o maxim_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v and_o i_o have_v discourse_v with_o very_o rational_a man_n who_o have_v actual_o deny_v that_o they_o be_v men._n §_o 18._o three_o perhaps_o another_o make_v we_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o he_o call_v man_n only_o out_o of_o the_o idea_n of_o body_n in_o general_n and_o the_o power_n of_o language_n and_o reason_n and_o leave_v out_o the_o shape_n whole_o this_o man_n be_v able_a to_o demonstrate_v that_o a_o man_n may_v have_v no_o hand_n but_o be_v quadrupes_fw-la neither_o of_o those_o be_v include_v in_o his_o idea_n of_o man_n and_o in_o whatever_o body_n or_o shape_n he_o find_v speech_n and_o reason_n join_v that_o be_v a_o man_n because_o have_v a_o clear_a knowledge_n of_o such_o a_o complex_fw-la idea_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o what_o be_v be_v §_o 19_o so_o that_o if_o right_o consider_v i_o think_v we_o may_v say_v that_o where_o our_o idea_n be_v clear_a and_o distinct_a and_o the_o name_n agree_v on_o that_o shall_v stand_v for_o each_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n there_o be_v little_a need_n or_o no_o use_n at_o all_o of_o these_o maxim_n to_o prove_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o they_o he_o that_o can_v discern_v the_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n of_o such_o proposition_n without_o the_o help_n of_o these_o and_o the_o like_a maxim_n will_v not_o be_v help_v by_o these_o maxim_n to_o do_v it_o since_o he_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o these_o maxim_n themselves_o without_o proof_n if_o he_o can_v know_v
of_o gradation_n or_o impatient_a of_o delay_n light_o survey_v or_o whole_o pass_v over_o the_o proof_n and_o so_o without_o make_v out_o the_o demonstration_n determine_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o view_n of_o they_o as_o they_o be_v at_o a_o distance_n and_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o as_o seem_v most_o likely_a to_o they_o upon_o such_o a_o loose_a survey_n this_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n when_o it_o be_v exercise_v immediate_o about_o thing_n be_v call_v judgement_n when_o about_o truth_n deliver_v in_o word_n be_v most_o common_o call_v assent_n or_o dissent_n which_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a way_n wherein_o the_o mind_n have_v occasion_n to_o employ_v this_o faculty_n i_o shall_v under_o these_o term_n treat_v of_o it_o as_o least_o liable_a in_o our_o language_n to_o equivocation_n §_o 4._o thus_o the_o mind_n have_v two_o faculty_n conversant_a about_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n first_o knowledge_n whereby_o it_o certain_o perceive_v and_o be_v undoubted_o satisfy_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o idea_n second_o judgement_n which_o be_v the_o put_v idea_n together_o or_o separate_v they_o from_o one_o another_o in_o the_o mind_n when_o their_o certain_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o presume_v to_o be_v so_o which_o be_v as_o the_o word_n import_v take_v to_o be_v so_o before_o it_o certain_o appear_v and_o if_o it_o so_o unite_v or_o separate_v they_o as_o in_o reality_n thing_n be_v it_o be_v right_a judgement_n chap._n xv._n of_o probability_n §_o 1._o as_o demonstration_n be_v the_o show_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o one_o or_o more_o proof_n which_o have_v a_o constant_a immutable_a and_o visible_a connexion_n one_o with_o another_o so_o probability_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o appearance_n of_o such_o a_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o proof_n who_o connexion_n be_v not_o constant_a and_o immutable_a or_o at_o least_o be_v not_o perceive_v to_o be_v so_o but_o be_v or_o appear_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o be_v so_o and_o be_v enough_o to_o induce_v the_o mind_n to_o judge_v the_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a rather_o than_o the_o contrary_n for_o example_n in_o the_o demonstration_n of_o it_o a_o man_n perceive_v the_o certain_a immutable_a connexion_n there_o be_v of_o equality_n between_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n and_o those_o intermediate_v one_o which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o show_v their_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o and_o so_o by_o a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o intermediate_v idea_n in_o each_o step_n of_o the_o progress_n the_o whole_a series_n be_v continue_v with_o a_o evidence_n which_o clear_o show_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o those_o three_o angle_n in_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o and_o thus_o he_o have_v certain_a knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v so_o but_o another_o man_n who_o never_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o observe_v the_o demonstration_n hear_v a_o mathematician_n a_o man_n of_o credit_n affirm_v the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n to_o be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o assent_v to_o it_o i._n e._n receive_v it_o for_o true_a in_o which_o case_n the_o foundation_n of_o his_o assent_n be_v the_o probability_n of_o the_o thing_n the_o proof_n be_v such_o as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n carry_v truth_n with_o it_o the_o man_n on_o who_o testimony_n he_o receive_v it_o not_o be_v wont_a to_o affirm_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o or_o beside_o his_o knowledge_n especial_o in_o matter_n of_o this_o kind_n so_o that_o that_o which_o cause_v his_o assent_n to_o this_o proposition_n that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o that_o which_o make_v he_o take_v these_o idea_n to_o agree_v without_o know_v they_o to_o do_v so_o be_v the_o wont_a veracity_n of_o the_o speaker_n in_o other_o case_n or_o his_o suppose_a veracity_n in_o this_o §_o 2._o our_o knowledge_n as_o have_v be_v show_v be_v very_o narrow_a and_o we_o not_o happy_a enough_o to_o find_v certain_a truth_n in_o every_o thing_n we_o have_v occasion_n to_o consider_v most_o of_o the_o proposition_n we_o think_v reason_n discourse_n nay_o act_n upon_o be_v such_o as_o we_o can_v have_v undoubted_a knowledge_n of_o their_o truth_n yet_o some_o of_o they_o border_n so_o near_o upon_o certainty_n that_o we_o make_v no_o doubt_n at_o all_o about_o they_o but_o assent_n to_o they_o as_o firm_o and_o act_n according_a to_o that_o assent_n as_o vigorous_o as_o if_o they_o be_v infallible_o demonstrate_v and_o that_o our_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v perfect_a and_o certain_a but_o there_o be_v degree_n herein_o from_o the_o very_a neighbourhood_n of_o certainty_n and_o evidence_n quite_o down_o to_o improbability_n and_o unlikeliness_n even_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o impossibility_n and_o also_o degree_n of_o assent_n from_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o what_o be_v next_o it_o full_a assurance_n and_o confidence_n quite_o down_o to_o conjecture_n doubt_v distrust_v and_o disbelief_n i_o shall_v come_v now_o as_o have_v as_o i_o think_v find_v out_o the_o bound_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n and_o certainty_n in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v the_o several_a degree_n and_o ground_n of_o probability_n and_o assent_v or_o faith_n §_o 3._o probability_n then_o be_v likeliness_n to_o be_v true_a the_o very_a notation_n of_o the_o word_n signify_v such_o a_o proposition_n for_o which_o there_o be_v argument_n or_o proof_n to_o make_v it_o pass_v or_o be_v receive_v for_o true_a the_o entertainment_n the_o mind_n give_v this_o sort_n of_o proposition_n be_v call_v belief_n assent_n or_o opinion_n which_o be_v the_o admit_v or_o receive_v any_o proposition_n for_o true_a upon_o argument_n or_o proof_n that_o be_v find_v to_o persuade_v we_o to_o receive_v it_o as_o true_a without_o certain_a knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v so_o and_o herein_o lie_v the_o difference_n between_o probability_n and_o certainty_n faith_n and_o knowledge_n that_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o knowledge_n there_o be_v intuition_n each_o immediate_a idea_n each_o step_n have_v its_o visible_a and_o certain_a connexion_n in_o belief_n not_o so_o that_o which_o make_v i_o believe_v be_v something_o extraneous_a to_o the_o thing_n i_o believe_v something_o not_o evident_o join_v on_o both_o side_n to_o and_o so_o not_o manifest_o show_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o those_o idea_n that_o be_v under_o consideration_n §_o 4._o probability_n then_o be_v to_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o to_o guide_v we_o where_o that_o fail_v it_o be_v always_o conversant_a about_o thing_n whereof_o we_o have_v no_o certainty_n but_o only_o some_o inducement_n to_o receive_v it_o for_o true_a the_o ground_n of_o it_o be_v in_o short_a these_o two_o follow_v first_o the_o conformity_n of_o any_o thing_n with_o our_o own_o knowledge_n observation_n and_o experience_n second_o the_o testimony_n of_o other_o vouch_v their_o observation_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o testimony_n of_o other_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v 1._o the_o number_n 2._o the_o integrity_n 3._o the_o skill_n of_o the_o witness_n 4._o the_o design_n of_o the_o author_n where_o it_o be_v a_o testimony_n out_o of_o a_o book_n cite_v 5._o the_o consistency_n of_o the_o part_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o relation_n 6._o contrary_a testimony_n §_o 5._o now_o probability_n want_v that_o intuitive_a evidence_n which_o infallible_o determine_v the_o understanding_n and_o produce_v certain_a knowledge_n the_o mind_n before_o it_o rational_o assent_v or_o dissent_v to_o any_o probable_a proposition_n aught_o to_o examine_v all_o the_o ground_n of_o probability_n and_o see_v how_o they_o make_v more_o or_o less_o for_o or_o against_o it_o and_o upon_o a_o due_a balance_v the_o whole_a reject_v or_o receive_v it_o with_o a_o more_o or_o less_o firm_a assent_n proportionable_o to_o the_o preponderancy_n of_o the_o great_a ground_n of_o probabily_n on_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o for_o example_n if_o i_o myself_o see_v a_o man_n walk_v on_o the_o ice_n it_o be_v past_a probability_n it_o be_v knowledge_n but_o if_o another_o tell_v i_o he_o see_v a_o man_n in_o england_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o sharp_a winter_n walk_v upon_o water_n harden_v with_o cold_a this_o have_v so_o great_a conformity_n with_o what_o be_v usual_o observe_v to_o happen_v that_o i_o be_o dispose_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o to_o assent_v to_o it_o unless_o some_o manifest_a suspicion_n attend_v the_o relation_n of_o that_o matter_n of_o fact_n but_o if_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v tell_v to_o one_o bear_v between_o the_o tropic_n who_o never_o
loadstone_n draw_v iron_n and_o the_o part_n of_o a_o candle_n successive_o melt_v turn_v into_o flame_n and_o give_v we_o both_o light_n and_o heat_n these_o and_o the_o like_a effect_n we_o see_v and_o know_v but_o the_o cause_n that_o operate_v and_o the_o manner_n they_o be_v produce_v in_o we_o can_v only_o guess_v and_o probable_o conjecture_v for_o these_o and_o the_o like_o come_v not_o within_o the_o scrutiny_n of_o (null)_o sense_n can_v be_v examine_v by_o they_o or_o be_v attest_v by_o any_o body_n and_o therefore_o can_v appear_v more_o or_o less_o probable_a only_o as_o they_o more_o or_o less_o agree_v to_o truth_n that_o be_v establish_v in_o our_o mind_n and_o as_o they_o hold_v proportion_n to_o other_o part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o observation_n analogy_n in_o these_o matter_n be_v the_o only_a help_n we_o have_v and_o it_o be_v from_o that_o alone_o we_o draw_v all_o our_o ground_n of_o probability_n thus_o observe_v that_o the_o bare_a rub_n of_o two_o body_n violent_o one_o upon_o another_o produce_v heat_n and_o very_o often_o fire_n itself_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o what_o we_o call_v heat_n and_o fire_n consist_v in_o a_o certain_a violent_a agitation_n of_o the_o imperceptible_a minute_n part_n of_o the_o burn_a matterâ—_n observe_v likewise_o that_o the_o different_a refraction_n of_o pellucid_a body_n produce_v in_o our_o eye_n the_o different_a appearance_n of_o several_a colour_n and_o also_o that_o the_o different_a range_v and_o lay_v the_o superficial_a part_n of_o several_a body_n as_o of_o velvet_n water_v silk_n etc._n etc._n do_v the_o like_a we_o think_v it_o probable_a that_o the_o colour_n and_o shine_v of_o body_n be_v in_o they_o nothing_o but_o the_o different_a arangement_n and_o refraction_n of_o their_o minute_n and_o insensible_a part_n thus_o find_v in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o creation_n that_o fall_v under_o (null)_o observation_n that_o there_o be_v a_o gradual_a connexion_n of_o one_o with_o another_o without_o any_o great_a or_o discernible_a gap_n between_o in_o all_o that_o great_a variety_n of_o thing_n we_o see_v in_o the_o world_n which_o be_v so_o close_o link_v together_o that_o in_o the_o several_a rank_n of_o being_n it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o discover_v the_o bound_n betwixt_o they_o we_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v persuade_v that_o in_o such_o gentle_a step_n thing_n in_o perfection_n ascend_v upward_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o say_v where_o sensible_a and_o rational_a begin_v and_o where_o insensible_a and_o irrational_a end_n and_o who_o be_v there_o quick-sighted_a enough_o to_o determine_v precise_o which_o be_v the_o low_a species_n of_o live_a thing_n and_o which_o the_o first_o of_o those_o which_o have_v no_o life_n thing_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v observe_v lessen_v and_o augment_v as_o the_o quantity_n do_v in_o a_o regular_a cone_n where_o though_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a odds_o betwixt_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o diametre_fw-la at_o remote_a distance_n yet_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o upper_a and_o under_o where_o they_o touch_v one_o another_o be_v hardly_o discernible_a the_o difference_n be_v exceed_o great_a between_o some_o man_n and_o some_o animal_n but_o if_o we_o will_v compare_v the_o understanding_n and_o ability_n of_o some_o man_n and_o some_o brute_n we_o shall_v find_v so_o little_a difference_n that_o it_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o say_v that_o that_o of_o the_o man_n be_v either_o clear_a or_o large_a observe_v i_o say_v such_o gradual_a and_o gentle_a descent_n downward_o in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o creation_n that_o be_v beneath_o man_n the_o rule_n of_o analogy_n may_v make_v it_o probable_a that_o it_o be_v so_o also_o in_o thing_n above_o we_o and_o our_o observation_n and_o that_o there_o be_v several_a rank_n of_o intelligent_a being_n excel_v we_o in_o several_a degree_n of_o perfection_n ascend_v upward_o towards_o the_o infinite_a perfection_n of_o the_o creator_n by_o gentle_a step_n and_o difference_n that_o be_v every_o one_o at_o no_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o next_o to_o it_o this_o sort_n of_o probability_n which_o be_v the_o best_a conduct_n of_o rational_a experiment_n and_o the_o rise_v of_o hypothesis_n have_v also_o its_o use_n and_o influence_n and_o a_o wary_a reason_v from_o analogy_n lead_v we_o often_o into_o the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n and_o useful_a production_n which_o will_v otherwise_o lie_v conceal_v §_o 13._o though_o the_o common_a experience_n and_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o thing_n have_v just_o a_o mighty_a influence_n on_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n to_o make_v they_o give_v or_o refuse_v credit_n to_o any_o thing_n propose_v to_o their_o belief_n yet_o there_o be_v one_o case_n wherein_o the_o strangeness_n of_o the_o fact_n lessen_v not_o the_o assent_n to_o a_o fair_a testimony_n give_v of_o it_o for_o where_o such_o supernatural_a event_n be_v suitable_a to_o end_n aim_v at_o by_o he_o who_o have_v the_o power_n to_o change_v the_o course_n of_o nature_n there_o under_o such_o circumstance_n they_o may_v be_v the_o fit_a to_o procure_v belief_n by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o be_v beyond_o or_o contrary_a to_o ordinary_a observation_n this_o be_v the_o proper_a case_n of_o miracle_n which_o well_o attest_v do_v not_o only_o find_v credit_n themselves_o but_o give_v it_o also_o to_o other_o truth_n which_o need_v such_o confirmation_n §_o 14._o beside_o those_o we_o have_v hitherto_o mention_v there_o be_v one_o sort_n of_o proposition_n that_o challenge_v the_o high_a degree_n of_o our_o assent_n upon_o bare_a testimony_n whether_o the_o thing_n propose_v agree_v or_o disagree_v with_o common_a experience_n and_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o thing_n or_o no._n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o testimony_n be_v of_o such_o a_o one_o as_o can_v deceive_v nor_o be_v deceive_v and_o that_o be_v of_o god_n himself_o this_o carry_v with_o it_o certainty_n beyond_o doubt_n evidence_n beyond_o exception_n this_o be_v call_v by_o a_o peculiar_a name_n revelation_n and_o our_o assent_n to_o it_o faith_n which_o have_v as_o much_o certainty_n as_o our_o knowledge_n itself_o and_o we_o may_v as_o well_o doubt_v of_o our_o own_o be_v as_o we_o can_v whether_o any_o revelation_n from_o god_n be_v true_a so_o that_o faith_n be_v a_o settle_a and_o sure_a principle_n of_o assent_n and_o assurance_n and_o leave_v no_o manner_n of_o room_n for_o doubt_n or_o hesitation_n only_o we_o must_v be_v sure_a that_o it_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n and_o that_o we_o understand_v it_o right_o else_o we_o shall_v expose_v ourselves_o to_o all_o the_o extravagancy_n of_o enthusiasm_n and_o all_o the_o error_n of_o wrong_a principle_n if_o we_o have_v faith_n and_o assurance_n in_o what_o be_v not_o divine_a revelation_n and_o therefore_o in_o those_o case_n our_o assent_n can_v be_v rational_o no_o high_o than_o the_o evidence_n of_o its_o be_v a_o revelation_n and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o expression_n it_o be_v deliver_v in_o if_o the_o evidence_n of_o its_o be_v a_o revelation_n or_o that_o this_o its_o true_a sense_n be_v only_o on_o probable_a proof_n our_o assent_n can_v reach_v no_o high_o than_o a_o assurance_n or_o diffidence_n arise_v from_o the_o more_o or_o less_o apparent_a probability_n of_o the_o proof_n but_o of_o faith_n and_o the_o precedency_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v before_o other_o argument_n of_o persuasion_n i_o shall_v speak_v more_o hereafter_o where_o i_o treat_v of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v ordinary_o place_v in_o contradistinction_n to_o reason_n though_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o assent_n found_v on_o the_o high_a reason_n chap._n xvii_o of_o reason_n §_o 1._o the_o word_n reason_n in_o the_o english_a language_n have_v different_a signification_n sometime_o it_o be_v take_v for_o true_a and_o clear_a principle_n sometime_o for_o clear_a and_o fair_a deduction_n from_o those_o principle_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o cause_n and_o particular_o the_o final_a cause_n but_o the_o consideration_n i_o shall_v have_v of_o it_o here_o be_v in_o a_o signification_n different_a from_o all_o these_o and_o that_o be_v as_o it_o stand_v for_o a_o faculty_n in_o man_n that_o faculty_n whereby_o man_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o beast_n and_o wherein_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o much_o surpass_v they_o §_o 2._o if_o general_a knowledge_n as_o have_v be_v show_v consist_v in_o a_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o all_o thing_n without_o we_o except_o only_o of_o god_n be_v have_v only_o by_o our_o sense_n what_o room_n then_o be_v there_o for_o the_o exercise_n of_o any_o other_o faculty_n but_o outward_a sense_n and_o inward_a perception_n what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o reason_n very_o much_o
our_o knowledge_n that_o god_n reveal_v it_o which_o in_o this_o case_n where_o the_o proposition_n suppose_v reveal_v contradict_v our_o knowledge_n or_o reason_n will_v always_o have_v this_o objection_n hang_v to_o it_o viz._n that_o we_o can_v tell_v how_o to_o conceive_v that_o to_o come_v from_o god_n the_o bountiful_a author_n of_o our_o be_v which_o if_o receive_v for_o true_a must_v overturn_v all_o our_o principle_n and_o foundation_n of_o knowledge_n render_v all_o our_o faculty_n useless_a whole_o destroy_v the_o most_o excellent_a part_n of_o his_o workmanship_n our_o understanding_n and_o put_v a_o man_n in_o a_o condition_n wherein_o he_o will_v have_v less_o light_a less_o conduct_n than_o the_o beast_n that_o perish_v for_o if_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n can_v never_o have_v a_o clear_a and_o perhaps_o not_o so_o clear_a a_o evidence_n of_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n as_o it_o have_v of_o the_o principle_n of_o its_o own_o reason_n it_o can_v never_o have_v a_o ground_n to_o quit_v the_o clear_a evidence_n of_o its_o reason_n to_o give_v place_n to_o a_o proposition_n who_o revelation_n have_v not_o a_o great_a evidence_n §_o 6._o thus_o far_o a_o man_n have_v use_v of_o reason_n and_o aught_o to_o hearken_v to_o it_o even_o in_o immediate_a and_o original_a revelation_n where_o it_o be_v supposed_o make_v to_o himself_o but_o to_o all_o those_o who_o pretend_v not_o to_o immediate_a revelation_n but_o be_v require_v to_o pay_v obedience_n and_o to_o receive_v the_o truth_n reveal_v to_o other_o which_o by_o the_o tradition_n of_o write_n or_o word_n of_o mouth_n be_v convey_v down_o to_o they_o reason_n have_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o to_o do_v and_o be_v that_o only_a which_o can_v induce_v we_o to_o receive_v they_o for_o matter_n of_o faith_n be_v only_o divine_a revelation_n and_o nothing_o else_o faith_n as_o we_o use_v the_o word_n call_v common_o divine_a faith_n have_v to_o do_v with_o no_o proposition_n but_o those_o which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v divine_o reveal_v so_o that_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o those_o who_o make_v revelation_n alone_o the_o sole_a object_n of_o faith_n can_v say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o faith_n and_o not_o of_o reason_n to_o believe_v that_o such_o or_o such_o a_o proposition_n to_o be_v find_v in_o such_o or_o such_o a_o book_n be_v of_o divine_a inspiration_n unless_o it_o be_v reveal_v that_o that_o proposition_n or_o all_o in_o that_o book_n be_v communicate_v by_o divine_a inspiration_n without_o such_o a_o revelation_n the_o believe_a or_o not_o believe_v that_o proposition_n or_o book_n to_o be_v of_o divine_a authority_n can_v never_o be_v matter_n of_o faith_n but_o matter_n of_o reason_n and_o such_o as_o i_o must_v come_v to_o a_o assent_n to_o only_o by_o the_o use_n of_o my_o reason_n which_o can_v never_o require_v or_o enable_v i_o to_o believe_v that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o itself_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o reason_n ever_o to_o procure_v any_o assent_n to_o that_o which_o to_o itself_o appear_v unreasonable_a in_o all_o thing_n therefore_o where_o we_o have_v clear_a evidence_n from_o our_o idea_n and_o those_o principle_n of_o knowledge_n i_o have_v above_o mention_v reason_n be_v the_o proper_a judge_n and_o revelation_n though_o it_o may_v in_o consent_v with_o it_o confirm_v its_o dictate_v yet_o can_v in_o such_o case_n invalidate_v its_o decree_n nor_o can_v we_o be_v oblige_v where_o we_o have_v the_o clear_a and_o evident_a sentence_n of_o reason_n to_o quit_v it_o for_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n under_o a_o pretence_n that_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o faith_n §_o 7._o but_o three_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n wherein_o we_o have_v very_o imperfect_a notion_n or_o none_o at_o all_o and_o other_o thing_n of_o who_o past_a present_a or_o future_a existence_n by_o the_o natural_a use_n of_o our_o faculty_n we_o can_v have_v no_o knowledge_n at_o all_o these_o as_o be_v beyond_o the_o discovery_n of_o our_o natural_a faculty_n and_o above_o reason_n be_v when_o reveal_v the_o proper_a matter_n of_o faith_n thus_o that_o part_n of_o the_o angel_n rebel_v against_o god_n and_o thereby_o lose_v their_o first_o happy_a state_n and_o that_o the_o body_n of_o man_n shall_v rise_v and_o live_v again_o these_o and_o the_o like_a be_v beyond_o the_o discovery_n of_o reason_n be_v pure_o matter_n of_o faith_n with_o which_o reason_n have_v direct_o nothing_o to_o do_v §_o 8._o but_o since_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v under_o the_o character_n of_o divine_a revelation_n be_v esteem_v matter_n of_o faith_n and_o there_o be_v among_o they_o several_a thing_n that_o fall_v under_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o reason_n and_o be_v such_o as_o we_o can_v judge_v of_o by_o our_o natural_a faculty_n without_o a_o supernatural_a revelation_n in_o these_o revelation_n must_v carry_v it_o against_o the_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o reason_n because_o the_o mind_n not_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o it_o do_v not_o evident_o know_v but_o be_v only_o probable_o convince_v of_o be_v bind_v to_o give_v up_o its_o assent_n to_o such_o a_o testimony_n which_o it_o be_v satisfy_v come_v from_o one_o who_o can_v err_v and_o will_v not_o deceive_v but_o yet_o it_o still_o belong_v to_o reason_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o its_o be_v a_o revelation_n and_o of_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n wherein_o it_o be_v deliver_v indeed_o if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v think_v revelation_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o plain_a principle_n of_o reason_n and_o the_o evident_a knowledge_n the_o mind_n have_v of_o its_o own_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n there_o reason_n must_v be_v hearken_v to_o as_o to_o a_o matter_n within_o its_o province_n since_o a_o man_n can_v never_o have_v so_o certain_a a_o knowledge_n that_o a_o proposition_n which_o contradict_v the_o clear_a principle_n and_o evidence_n of_o his_o own_o knowledge_n be_v divine_o reveal_v or_o that_o he_o understand_v the_o word_n right_o wherein_o it_o be_v deliver_v as_o he_o have_v that_o the_o contrary_a be_v true_a and_o so_o be_v bind_v to_o consider_v and_o judge_v of_o it_o as_o a_o matter_n of_o reason_n and_o not_o swallow_v it_o without_o examination_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o faith_n §_o 9_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v first_o whatever_o proposition_n be_v reveal_v of_o who_o truth_n our_o mind_n by_o its_o natural_a faculty_n and_o notion_n can_v judge_v that_o be_v pure_o matter_n of_o faith_n and_o above_o reason_n second_o all_o proposition_n whereof_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o use_n of_o its_o natural_a faculty_n can_v come_v to_o determine_v and_o judge_v from_o natural_a acquire_v idea_n be_v matter_n of_o reason_n with_o this_o difference_n still_o that_o in_o those_o concern_v which_o it_o have_v but_o a_o uncertain_a evidence_n and_o so_o be_v persuade_v of_o their_o truth_n only_o upon_o probable_a ground_n which_o still_o admit_v a_o possibility_n of_o the_o contrary_a to_o be_v true_a without_o do_v violence_n to_o the_o certain_a evidence_n of_o its_o own_o knowledge_n and_o overturning_a the_o principle_n of_o all_o reason_n in_o such_o probable_a proposition_n i_o say_v a_o evident_a revelation_n ought_v to_o determine_v our_o assent_n even_o against_o probability_n for_o where_o the_o principle_n of_o reason_n have_v not_o determine_v a_o proposition_n to_o be_v certain_o true_a or_o false_a there_o clear_a revelation_n as_o another_o principle_n of_o truth_n and_o ground_n of_o assent_n may_v determine_v and_o so_o it_o may_v be_v matter_n of_o faith_n and_o be_v also_o above_o reason_n because_o reason_n in_o that_o particular_a matter_n be_v able_a to_o reach_v no_o high_o than_o probability_n faith_n give_v the_o determination_n where_o reason_n come_v short_a and_o revelation_n discover_v on_o which_o side_n the_o truth_n lay_v §_o 10._o thus_o far_o the_o dominion_n of_o faith_n reach_v and_o that_o without_o any_o violence_n or_o hindrance_n to_o reason_n which_o be_v not_o injure_v or_o disturb_v but_o assist_v and_o improve_v by_o new_a discovery_n of_o truth_n come_v from_o the_o eternal_a fountain_n of_o all_o knowledge_n whatever_o god_n have_v reveal_v be_v certain_o true_a no_o doubt_n can_v be_v make_v of_o it_o this_o be_v the_o proper_a object_n of_o faith_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o divine_a revelation_n or_o no_o reason_n must_v judge_v which_o can_v never_o permit_v the_o mind_n to_o reject_v a_o great_a evidence_n to_o embrace_v what_o be_v less_o evident_a nor_o prefer_v less_o certainty_n to_o the_o great_a there_o can_v be_v no_o evidence_n that_o any_o traditional_a revelation_n be_v of_o divine_a original_a in_o the_o word_n we_o receive_v it_o and_o in_o the_o sense_n we_o understand_v it_o so_o clear_a and_o so_o certain_a as_o those_o of_o the_o principle_n of_o reason_n and_o therefore_o
keep_v out_o the_o enemy_n truth_n that_o will_v captivate_v or_o disturb_v they_o tell_v a_o man_n passionate_o in_o love_n that_o he_o be_v gilt_v bring_v a_o score_n of_o witness_n of_o the_o falsehood_n of_o his_o mistress_n it_o be_v ten_o to_o one_o but_o three_o kind_a word_n of_o she_o shall_v invalidate_v all_o their_o testimony_n quod_fw-la volumus_fw-la facilè_fw-la credimus_fw-la what_o suit_v our_o wish_n be_v forward_o believe_v be_v i_o suppose_v what_o every_o one_o have_v more_o than_o once_o experiment_v and_o though_o man_n can_v always_o open_o gainsay_v or_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o manifest_a probability_n that_o make_v against_o they_o yet_o yield_v they_o not_o to_o the_o argument_n not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o understanding_n constant_o to_o close_v with_o the_o more_o probable_a side_n but_o yet_o a_o man_n have_v a_o power_n to_o suspend_v and_o restrain_v its_o inquiry_n and_o not_o permit_v a_o full_a and_o satisfactory_a examination_n as_o far_o as_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n be_v capable_a and_o will_v bear_v it_o to_o be_v make_v until_o that_o be_v do_v there_o will_v be_v always_o these_o two_o way_n leave_v of_o evade_n the_o most_o apparent_a probability_n §_o 13._o first_o that_o the_o argument_n be_v as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v bring_v in_o word_n there_o may_v be_v a_o fallacy_n latent_fw-la in_o they_o and_o the_o consequence_n be_v perhaps_o many_o in_o train_n they_o may_v be_v some_o of_o they_o incoherent_a there_o be_v very_o few_o discourse_n be_v so_o short_a clear_a and_o consistent_a to_o which_o most_o man_n may_v not_o with_o satisfaction_n enough_o to_o themselves_o raise_v this_o doubt_n and_o from_o who_o conviction_n they_o may_v not_o without_o reproach_n of_o disingenuity_n or_o unreasonableness_n set_v themselves_o free_a with_o the_o old_a reply_n non_fw-la persuadebis_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la persuaseris_fw-la though_o i_o can_v answer_v i_o will_v not_o yield_v §_o 14._o second_o manifest_a probability_n may_v be_v evade_v and_o the_o assent_n withhold_v upon_o this_o suggestion_n that_o i_o know_v not_o yet_o all_o that_o may_v be_v say_v on_o the_o contrary_a side_n and_o therefore_o though_o he_o be_v beat_v it_o be_v not_o necessary_a he_o shall_v yield_v not_o know_v what_o force_v there_o be_v in_o reserve_v behind_o this_o be_v a_o refuge_n against_o conviction_n so_o open_a and_o so_o wide_a that_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o determine_v when_o a_o man_n be_v quite_o out_o of_o the_o verge_n of_o it_o §_o 15._o but_o yet_o there_o be_v some_o end_n of_o it_o and_o a_o man_n have_v careful_o inquire_v into_o all_o the_o ground_n of_o probability_n and_o unlikeliness_n do_v his_o utmost_a to_o inform_v himself_o in_o all_o particular_n fair_o and_o cast_v up_o the_o whole_a sum_n on_o both_o side_n may_v in_o most_o case_n come_v to_o acknowledge_v upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n on_o which_o side_n the_o probability_n rest_v wherein_o some_o proof_n in_o matter_n of_o reason_n which_o be_v suppositious_a upon_o universal_a experience_n be_v so_o cogent_a and_o clear_a and_o some_o testimony_n in_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o universal_a that_o he_o can_v refuse_v his_o assent_n so_o that_o i_o think_v we_o may_v conclude_v that_o in_o proposition_n where_o though_o the_o proof_n in_o view_n be_v of_o most_o moment_n yet_o there_o be_v sufficient_a ground_n to_o suspect_v that_o there_o be_v either_o fallacy_n in_o word_n or_o certain_a proof_n as_o considerable_a to_o be_v produce_v on_o the_o contrary_a side_n there_o assent_n suspense_n or_o dissent_n be_v often_o voluntary_a action_n but_o where_o the_o proof_n be_v such_o as_o make_v it_o high_o probable_a and_o there_o be_v not_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o suspect_v that_o there_o be_v either_o fallacy_n of_o word_n which_o sober_a and_o serious_a consideration_n may_v discover_v nor_o equal_o valid_a proof_n yet_o undiscovered_a latent_fw-la on_o the_o other_o side_n which_o also_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n may_v in_o some_o case_n make_v plain_a to_o a_o considerate_a man_n there_o i_o think_v a_o man_n who_o have_v weigh_v they_o can_v scarce_o refuse_v his_o assent_n to_o the_o side_n on_o which_o the_o great_a probability_n appear_v whether_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o a_o promiscuous_a jumble_v of_o print_v letter_n shall_v often_o fall_v into_o a_o method_n and_o order_n which_o shall_v stamp_v in_o paper_n a_o coherent_a discourse_n or_o that_o a_o blind_a fortuitous_a concourse_n of_o atom_n not_o guide_v by_o a_o understand_a agent_n shall_v frequent_o constitute_v the_o body_n of_o any_o species_n of_o animal_n in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n i_o think_v no_o body_n that_o consider_v they_o can_v be_v one_o jot_n at_o a_o stand_v which_o side_n to_o take_v nor_o at_o all_o waver_v in_o his_o assent_n last_o when_o there_o can_v be_v no_o supposition_n the_o thing_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n indifferent_a and_o whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o testimony_n of_o witness_n that_o there_o be_v as_o fair_a testimony_n against_o as_o for_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n attest_v which_o by_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v learn_v v_o g._n whether_o there_o be_v 1700_o year_n ago_o such_o a_o man_n at_o rome_n as_o julius_n caesar_n in_o all_o such_o case_n i_o say_v i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o in_o any_o rational_a man_n power_n to_o refuse_v his_o assent_n but_o that_o it_o necessary_o follow_v and_o close_v with_o such_o probability_n in_o other_o less_o clear_a case_n i_o think_v it_o be_v in_o a_o man_n power_n to_o suspend_v his_o assent_n and_o perhaps_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o proof_n he_o have_v if_o they_o favour_v the_o opinion_n that_o suit_v with_o his_o inclination_n or_o interest_n and_o so_o stop_v from_o far_a search_n but_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v afford_v his_o assent_n to_o that_o side_n on_o which_o the_o less_o probability_n appear_v to_o he_o seem_v to_o i_o utter_o impracticable_a and_o as_o impossible_a as_o it_o be_v to_o believe_v the_o same_o thing_n probable_a and_o improbable_a at_o the_o same_o time_n §_o 16._o as_o knowledge_n be_v no_o more_o arbitrary_a than_o perception_n so_o i_o think_v assent_n be_v no_o more_o in_o our_o power_n than_o knowledge_n when_o the_o agreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n appear_v to_o our_o mind_n whether_o immediate_o or_o by_o the_o assistence_n of_o reason_n i_o can_v no_o more_o refuse_v to_o perceive_v no_o more_o avoid_v know_v it_o than_o i_o can_v avoid_v see_v those_o object_n which_o i_o turn_v my_o eye_n to_o and_o look_v on_o in_o daylight_n and_o what_o upon_o full_a examination_n i_o find_v the_o most_o probable_a i_o can_v deny_v my_o assent_n to_o but_o though_o we_o can_v hinder_v our_o knowledge_n where_o the_o agreement_n be_v once_o perceive_v by_o our_o mind_n nor_o our_o assent_n where_o the_o probability_n manifest_o appear_v upon_o due_a consideration_n of_o all_o the_o measure_n of_o it_o yet_o we_o can_v hinder_v both_o knowledge_n and_o assent_n by_o stop_v our_o enquiry_n and_o not_o employ_v our_o faculty_n in_o the_o search_n of_o any_o truth_n if_o it_o be_v not_o so_o ignorance_n error_n or_o infidelity_n can_v not_o in_o any_o case_n be_v a_o fault_n thus_o in_o some_o case_n we_o can_v prevent_v or_o suspend_v our_o assent_n but_o can_v a_o man_n verse_v in_o modern_a or_o ancient_a history_n doubt_v whether_o there_o be_v such_o a_o place_n as_o rome_n or_o whether_o there_o be_v such_o a_o man_n as_o julius_n caesar_n indeed_o there_o be_v million_o of_o truth_n that_o a_o man_n be_v not_o or_o may_v not_o think_v himself_o concern_v to_o know_v as_o whether_o richard_n the_o three_o be_v crook-backed_a or_o no_o or_o whether_o roger_n bacon_n be_v a_o mathematician_n or_o a_o magician_n in_o these_o and_o such_o like_a case_n where_o the_o assent_n one_o way_n or_o other_o be_v of_o no_o importance_n to_o the_o interest_n of_o any_o one_o no_o action_n no_o concernment_n of_o his_o follow_v or_o depend_v thereon_o there_o it_o be_v not_o strange_a that_o the_o mind_n shall_v give_v itself_o up_o to_o the_o common_a opinion_n or_o render_v itself_o to_o the_o first_o comer_n these_o and_o the_o like_a opinion_n be_v of_o so_o little_a weight_n and_o moment_n that_o like_a mote_n in_o the_o sun_n their_o tendency_n be_v very_o rare_o take_v notice_n of_o they_o be_v there_o as_o it_o be_v by_o chance_n and_o the_o mind_n let_v they_o float_v at_o liberty_n but_o where_o the_o mind_n judge_n the_o proposition_n have_v concernment_n in_o it_o where_o the_o assent_n or_o not_o assent_v be_v think_v to_o draw_v consequence_n after_o it_o of_o moment_n and_o good_a or_o evil_a to_o depend_v on_o choose_v or_o refuse_v the_o right_a side_n and_o the_o mind_n set_v itself_o serious_o to_o inquire_v and_o examine_v the_o
probability_n there_o i_o think_v it_o be_v not_o in_o our_o choice_n to_o take_v which_o side_n we_o please_v if_o manifest_a odds_o appear_v on_o either_o the_o great_a probability_n i_o think_v in_o that_o case_n will_v determine_v the_o assent_n and_o a_o man_n can_v no_o more_o avoid_v assent_v or_o take_v it_o to_o be_v true_a where_o he_o perceive_v the_o great_a probability_n than_o he_o can_v avoid_v know_v it_o to_o be_v true_a where_o he_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n if_o this_o be_v so_o the_o foundation_n of_o error_n will_v lie_v in_o wrong_a measure_n of_o probability_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o vice_n in_o wrong_a measure_n of_o good_n §_o 17._o four_o the_o four_o and_o last_o wrong_a measure_n of_o probability_n i_o shall_v take_v notice_n of_o and_o which_o keep_v in_o ignorance_n or_o error_n more_o people_n than_o all_o the_o other_o together_o be_v that_o which_o i_o have_v mention_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n i_o mean_v the_o giving_z up_o our_o assent_n to_o the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n either_o of_o our_o friend_n or_o party_n neighbourhood_n or_o country_n how_o many_o man_n have_v no_o other_o ground_n for_o their_o tenet_n than_o the_o suppose_a honesty_n or_o learning_n or_o number_n of_o those_o of_o the_o same_o profession_n as_o if_o honest_a or_o bookish_a man_n can_v not_o err_v or_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o multitude_n yet_o this_o with_o most_o man_n serve_v the_o turn_n the_o tenet_n have_v have_v the_o attestation_n of_o reverend_a antiquity_n it_o come_v to_o i_o with_o the_o passport_n of_o former_a age_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o secure_a in_o the_o reception_n i_o give_v it_o other_o man_n have_v be_v and_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n for_o that_o be_v all_o be_v say_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v reasonable_a for_o i_o to_o embrace_v it_o a_o man_n may_v more_o justifiable_o throw_v up_o cross_n and_o pile_n for_o his_o opinion_n than_o take_v they_o up_o by_o such_o measure_n all_o man_n be_v liable_a to_o error_n and_o most_o man_n be_v in_o many_o point_n by_o passion_n or_o interest_n under_o temptation_n to_o it_o if_o we_o can_v but_o see_v the_o secret_a motive_n that_o influence_v the_o man_n of_o name_n and_o learning_n in_o the_o world_n and_o the_o leader_n of_o party_n we_o shall_v not_o always_o find_v that_o it_o be_v the_o embrace_v of_o truth_n for_o its_o own_o sake_n that_o make_v they_o espouse_v the_o doctrine_n they_o own_v and_o maintain_v this_o at_o least_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v not_o a_o opinion_n so_o absurd_a which_o a_o man_n may_v not_o receive_v upon_o this_o ground_n there_o be_v no_o error_n to_o be_v name_v which_o have_v not_o have_v its_o professor_n and_o a_o man_n shall_v never_o want_v crooked_a path_n to_o walk_v in_o if_o he_o think_v he_o be_v in_o the_o right_a way_n wherever_o he_o have_v the_o footstep_n of_o other_o to_o follow_v §_o 18._o but_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a noise_n be_v make_v in_o the_o world_n about_o error_n and_o opinion_n i_o must_v do_v mankind_n that_o right_o as_o to_o say_v there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o man_n in_o error_n and_o wrong_a opinion_n as_o be_v common_o suppose_v not_o that_o i_o think_v they_o embrace_v the_o truth_n but_o indeed_o because_o concern_v those_o doctrine_n they_o keep_v such_o a_o stir_n about_o they_o have_v no_o thought_n no_o opinion_n at_o all_o for_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v a_o little_a catechise_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o partisan_n of_o most_o of_o the_o sect_n in_o the_o world_n he_o will_v not_o find_v concern_v those_o matter_n they_o be_v so_o zealous_a for_o that_o they_o have_v any_o opinion_n of_o their_o own_o much_o less_o will_v he_o have_v reason_n to_o think_v that_o they_o take_v they_o upon_o the_o examination_n of_o argument_n and_o appearance_n of_o probability_n they_o be_v resolve_v to_o stick_v to_o a_o party_n that_o education_n or_o interest_n have_v engage_v they_o in_o and_o there_o like_o the_o common_a soldier_n of_o a_o army_n show_v their_o courage_n and_o warmth_n as_o their_o leader_n direct_v without_o ever_o examine_v or_o so_o much_o as_o know_v the_o cause_n they_o contend_v for_o if_o a_o man_n life_n show_v that_o he_o have_v no_o serious_a regard_n to_o religion_n for_o what_o reason_n shall_v we_o think_v that_o he_o beat_v his_o head_n about_o the_o opinion_n of_o his_o church_n and_o trouble_v himself_o to_o examine_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o or_o that_o doctrine_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o he_o to_o obey_v his_o leader_n to_o have_v his_o hand_n and_o his_o tongue_n ready_a for_o the_o support_n of_o the_o common_a cause_n and_o thereby_o approve_v himself_o to_o those_o who_o can_v give_v he_o credit_n preferment_n or_o protection_n in_o that_o society_n thus_o man_n become_v professor_n of_o and_o combatant_n for_o those_o opinion_n they_o be_v never_o convince_v of_o nor_o proselyte_n to_o no_o nor_o ever_o have_v so_o much_o as_o float_v in_o their_o head_n and_o though_o one_o can_v say_v there_o be_v few_o improbable_a opinion_n in_o the_o world_n than_o there_o be_v yet_o this_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v few_o that_o actual_o assent_v to_o they_o than_o be_v imagine_v chap._n xx._n of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o science_n §_o 1._o all_z that_o can_v fall_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o (null)_o understanding_n be_v either_o first_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o themselves_o their_o relation_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o operation_n or_o second_o that_o which_o man_n himself_o ought_v to_o do_v as_o a_o rational_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n for_o the_o attainment_n of_o any_o end_n especial_o happiness_n or_o three_o the_o way_n and_o mean_n whereby_o the_o knowledge_n of_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o of_o these_o be_v attain_v and_o communicate_v i_o think_v science_n may_v be_v divide_v proper_o into_o these_o three_o sort_n §_o 2._o first_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o own_o proper_a being_n their_o constitution_n property_n and_o operation_n whereby_o i_o mean_v not_o only_a matter_n and_o body_n but_o spirit_n also_o which_o have_v their_o proper_a nature_n constitution_n and_o operation_n as_o well_o as_o body_n this_o in_o a_o little_a more_o enlarge_v sense_n of_o the_o word_n i_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o natural_a philosophy_n the_o end_n of_o this_o be_v bare_a speculative_a truth_n and_o whatsoever_o can_v afford_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n any_o such_o fall_v under_o this_o branch_n whether_o it_o be_v god_n himself_o angel_n spirit_n body_n or_o any_o other_o of_o their_o affection_n as_o number_n and_o figure_n etc._n etc._n §_o 3._o second_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o skill_n of_o right_o apply_v our_o own_o power_n and_o action_n for_o the_o attainment_n of_o thing_n good_a and_o useful_a the_o most_o considerable_a under_o this_o head_n be_v ethic_n which_o be_v the_o seek_v out_o those_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o (null)_o action_n which_o lead_v to_o happiness_n and_o the_o mean_n to_o practice_v they_o the_o end_n of_o this_o be_v not_o bare_a speculation_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n but_o right_o and_o a_o conduct_v suitable_a to_o it_o §_o 4._o three_o the_o three_o branch_n may_v be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o doctrine_n of_o sign_n the_o most_o usual_a whereof_o being_n word_n it_o be_v apt_o enough_o term_v also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d logic_n the_o business_n whereof_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o sign_n the_o mind_n make_v use_v of_o for_o the_o understanding_n of_o thing_n or_o convey_v its_o knowledge_n to_o other_o for_o since_o the_o thing_n the_o mind_n contemplate_v be_v none_o of_o they_o beside_o itself_o present_a to_o the_o understanding_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o something_o else_o as_o a_o sign_n or_o representation_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o consider_v shall_v be_v present_a to_o it_o and_o these_o be_v idea_n and_o because_o the_o idea_n of_o one_o man_n mind_n can_v immediate_o be_v lay_v open_a to_o the_o view_n of_o another_o nor_o be_v themselves_o lay_v up_o any_o where_o but_o in_o the_o memory_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o let_v they_o go_v and_o lose_v they_o therefore_o to_o communicate_v our_o idea_n one_o to_o another_o as_o well_o as_o record_v they_o for_o our_o own_o use_n sign_n of_o our_o idea_n be_v also_o necessary_a those_o which_o man_n have_v find_v most_o convenient_a and_o therefore_o general_o make_v use_n of_o be_v articulate_a sound_n the_o consideration_n then_o of_o idea_n and_o word_n as_o the_o great_a instrument_n of_o knowledge_n make_v no_o despicable_a part_n of_o their_o contemplation_n who_o will_v take_v a_o