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A00947 Of the Russe common wealth. Or, Maner of gouernement of the Russe emperour, (commonly called the Emperour of Moskouia) with the manners, and fashions of the people of that countrey. Fletcher, Giles, 1549?-1611. 1591 (1591) STC 11056; ESTC S102293 102,619 240

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the enchaunting of shippes that saile along their coast as I haue heard it reported and their giuing of winds good to their friends and contrary to other whom they meane to hurt by tying of certein knots vpon a rope somewhat like to the tale of Aeolus his windbag is a very fable deuised as may seeme by themselues to terrifie sailers for comming neare their coast Their weapons are the long bow and handgunne wherein they excell aswell for quicknes to charge and discharge as for nearnesse at the marke by reason of their cōntinuall practise wherto they are forced of shooting at wild fowle Their manner is in Sommer time to come downe in great companies to the sea side to Wardhuyse Cola Kegor and the bay of Vedagoba there to fish for Codd Salmon But-fish which they sell to the Russes Danes Noruegians and now of late to the English mē that trade thither with cloth which they exchaunge with the Lappes and Corelians for their fish oile and furres whereof also they haue some store They hold their mart at Cola on S. Peters day what time the Captain of Wardhuyse that is resiant there for the king of Denmarke must be present or at least send his deputie to set prices vpon their stockfish traine oile furres and other commodities as also the Russe Emperours customer or tribute taker to receiue his custome which is euer payed before any thing can be bought or sold When their fishing is done their māner is to drawe their carbasses or boates on shoare there to leaue them with the keele turned vpwardes till the next spring tide Their trauaile too fro is vpon sleds drawen by the Olen deer which they vse to turne a grasing all the Sommer time in an iland called Kilden of a very good soile compared with other partes of that countrie and towards the winter time when the snow beginneth to fall they fetch them home again for the vse of their sledde Of their Ecclesiasticall state with their Church offices The 21. Chapter COncerning the gouernement of their Churche it is framed altogether after the māner of the Greek as being a part of that Church and neuer acknowledging the iurisdiction of the Latine Church vsurped by the Pope That I may keepe a better measure in describing their ceremonies thē they in the vsing them wherein they are infinite I will note briefly First what Ecclesiasticall degrees or offices they haue with the iurisdiction and practise of them Secondly what doctrine they holde in matter of religion Thirdly what leiturgie or forme of seruice they vse in their Churches with the manner of their administring the Sacramēts Fourthly what other straunge ceremonies and superstitious deuotions are vsed among them Their offices or degrees of Churchmen are as many in number and the same in a manner both in name and degree that were in the Westerne churches First they haue their Patriarch then their Metropolites their Archbishops their Vladikey or Bishops their Protopapes or Archpriests their Papes or Priests their Deacons Friers Monkes Nunnes and Eremites Their Patriarch or chiefe directer in matter of religion vntill this last yeare was of the citie of Constantinople whom they called the Patriarch of Sio because being driuen by the Turke out of Constantinople the seate of his Empire he remoued to the Ile Sio sometimes called Chio and there placed his Patriarchiall sea So that the Emperours and clergie of Russia were wont yearely to send gifts thither and to acknowledge a spirituall kind of homage and subiection due to him and to that Church Which custome they haue held as it seemeth euer since they professed the Christian religiō Which how long it hath bene I could not well learne for that they haue no storie or monument of antiquitie that I could heare of to shewe what hath bene done in times past within their countrie concerning either Church or common wealth matters Onely I heare a report among them that about three hundred yeares since there was a marriage betwixt the Emperour of Constantinople the kings daughter of that countrie who at the first denied to ioyne his daughter in marriage with the Greeke Emperour because he was of the Christian religion Which agreeth well with that I finde in the storie of Laonicus Chalcacondylas concerning Turkish affaires in his fourth booke where hee speaketh of such a marriage betwixt Iohn the Greeke Emperour and the Kings daughter of Sarmatia And this argueth out of their owne report that at that time they had not receyued the Christian religion as also that they were conuerted to the faith and withall peruerted at the very same time receyuing the doctrine of the gospell corrupted with superstitions euen at the first when they tooke it from the Greeke Church which it selfe then was degenerate and corrupted with many superstitions and fowle errours both in doctrine and discipline as may appeare by the story of Nicephorus Gregoras in his 8. and 9. bookes But as touching the time of their conuersion to the christiā faith I suppose rather that it is mistaken by the Russe for that which I find in the Polonian storie the secōd booke the third chapter where is said that about the yeare 990. Vlodomirus Duke of Russia married one Anne sister to Basilius and Constantinus brothers Emperours of Constantinople Wherupon the Russe receiued the faith profession of Christ Which though it be somewhat more auncient then the time noted before out of the Russe report yet it falleth out al to one reckoning touching this point vz in what truth and sinceritie of doctrine the Russe receiued the first stampe of religion for asmuch as the Greeke church at that time also was many waies infected with errour and superstition At my being there the yere 1588 came vnto the Mosko the Patriarch of Constātinople or Sio called Hieronomo being banished as some said by the Turke as some other reported by the Greeke clergie depriued The Emp. being giuen altogether to superstitious deuotions gaue him great intertainment Before his cōming to Mosko he had bene in Italy with the Pope as was reported ther by some of his cōpany His arrād was to cōsult with the Emp. concerning these points First about a league to passe betwixt him the king of Spaine as the meetest Prince to ioyne with him in opposition against the Turke To which purpose also Ambassages had passed betwixt the Russe the Persian Likewise from the Georgians to the Emperour of Russia to ioyne league together for the inuading of the Turke on all sides of his dominion taking the aduantage of the simple qualitie of the Turke that now is This treatie was helped forward by the Emperours Ambassadour of Almaine sent at the same time to solicite an inuasion vpon the parts of Polonia that lie towards Rusland and to borrow mony of the Russe Emperour to pursue the warre for his brother Maximilian against the Swedens son now king of Poland But this