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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42773	The ark of the covenant opened, or, A treatise of the covenant of redemption between God and Christ, as the foundation of the covenant of grace the second part, wherein is proved, that there is such a covenant, the necessity of it, the nature, properties, parties thereof, the tenor, articles, subject-matter of redemption, the commands, conditions, and promises annexed, the harmony of the covenant of reconciliation made with sinners, wherein they agree, wherein they differ, grounds of comfort from the covenant of suretiship / written by a minister of the New Testament.	Gillespie, Patrick, 1617-1675.	1677 (1677)	Wing G766; ESTC R3490	407,671	492

The Ark of the Covenant Opened Or A TREATISE Of the COVENANT Of Redemption BETWEEN God and Christ as the Foundation of the Covenant of Grace The Second Part. Wherein is proved That there is such a Covenant The Necessity of it The Nature Properties Parties thereof The Tenor Articles Subject-matter of Redemption The Commands Conditions and Promises annexed The Harmony of the Covenant of Suretiship made with Christ and the Covenant of Reconciliation made with Sinners wherein they agree wherein they differ Grounds of comfort from the Covenant of Suretiship Written by a Minister of the New-Testament LONDON Printed for Tho. Parkhurst at the Bible and three Crowns in Cheapside near Mercers Chappel 1677. TO THE READER THE two only things that should induce any one to give his Testimony and Recommendation unto Discourses that are published for publick use are the importance of the Argument treated on and the useful judicious handling of it in those Discourses Whatever else may be or usually is spoken unto on such occasions is a diversion from what ought to be intended and what is expected by all them who give such Prefaces the perusal But both these in the ensuing Discourses seem to be such and so stated as to render any Recommendation of mine in this way needless and superfluous For the Argument treated of being the Covenants of God with Christ the Mediator and with the Church in him there are none who have any acquaintance with Christian Religion or care of their own Souls but must and will acknowledg it to be of the greatest weight in it self and highest concernment unto them For the Doctrine hereof or the truth herein is the very Center wherein all the lines concerning the Grace of God and our own duty do meet wherein the whole of Religion doth consist Hence unto the understanding Notions and Conceptions that men have of these Covenants of God and according as the Doctrine of them is stated in their minds their Conceptions of all other sacred Truths or Doctrines are conformed And therefore as they who have right apprehensions and a true understanding of these things cannot in the use of diligence and the means appointed thereunto lightly mistake the Truth in any other point of weight in the whole compass of Religion so those who unhappily fall under misapprehension about them do generally either fluctuate in their own minds about all other Evangelical Truths or do corrupt and pervert the whole Doctrine concerning them And hereon also depends the regulation of all our intire Christian practise or Obedience as all will acknowledg who have any knowledg of these things It seems therefore altogether needless that there should be any new Recommendation of the subject-matter of the ensuing Discourses unto those who seriously mind their own Spiritual and Eternal concerns and as unto others it is to no purpose to declare the worth and nature of such Pearls unto them As for the manner of the Declaration or handling of these sacred Truths in the ensuing Discourses the known Abilities Piety Learning and Judgment of this Author with that leasure he had to add his last thoughts and considerations unto them are sufficient to give the Sober Reader an expectation of as much satisfaction as he is like to meet withal in endeavours of this nature I cannot therefore but judg that there is little need of this Attestation which I am desired to give unto this excellent and useful Treatise Howbeit that I may not seem wholly to condemn my self in what I do I must acknowledg that there were some reasons which induced me to comply with the desire of the worthy Publisher of it My long Christian acquaintance and friendship with the Author made me not unwilling to testifie my Respects unto him and his Labours in the Church of God now he is at Rest for whom I had so great an esteem whilst he was alive And whereas the whole Design and end of my self as unto others is to promote the knowledg of the truths of the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ and the practise of them I knew not but that with some at least this occasional word might one way or other conduce unto that end I shall therefore briefly and plainly give an account of my thoughts concerning this Discourse which I have with some diligence and great satisfaction perused Very many learned and godly persons have laboured in the same subject unto the edification of the Church I intend them only who agreeing in the truth as to the substance of it may yet differ in some conceptions about it or the way of Explanation of it For it is not unuseful that the same truth especially that which is of so great importance as is what concerneth the Covenant be variously handled by many according unto the measure of the gift of Christ which they have received so whereas we know all but in part if we have as we ought to have a continual sense of the imperfection of our knowledg none ought to be offended if they meet with some difference in Conceptions and Expositions about things of lesser moment among those who agree in the substance of what they do propose Perfect Harmony and Vniversal Agreement in all things is the priviledg only of the sacred Writers who were Divinely inspired But from the first day that the management of Religion was in the Providence of God entrusted with them who had not an infallible Guidance there is an apparent evidence of such differences as those we speak of amongst them all even the best and wisest of them We may therefore allow them all their just Commendation who have laboured diligently in the investigation of the Truth although some of them have not escaped various mistakes about it Nor is it spoken with any reflection on the endeavours of others who have written on this subject when I do freely declare my judgment That for Order Method Perspicuity in treating and solidity of Argument the ensuing Discourse exceedeth whatsoever single Treatise I have seen written with the same design as it also is entirely compliant with the Doctrine of the Gospel in what is assented in it Three things may be expected in discourses of this nature or however the subject requires that they may be attended unto 1. A diligent declaration of the Truth in and from its proper principles with a solid confirmation thereof 2. A practical improvement of the Truth so declared and demonstrated 3. A vindication of it from direct opposition against it or the corruption of it by a mixture of false notions and apprehensions about it especially such as wherein Christian Practise is nearly concerned Each of these the Reverend and Learned Author of the ensuing Discourse had an especial regard unto and how he hath discharged himself in them all will quickly appear unto every judicious and attentive Reader I am sure I shall not offend in wishing that others may find the same satisfaction in their perusal as I

acceptable but a merit and satisfaction de condigno there being a just and equal proportion betwixt the fault committed and the satisfaction given and betwixt the reward promised and given to Christ and the obedience required from and performed by him Joh. 17.4 5 I have glorified thee on the earth I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do And now O Father glorifie thou me with thine own self Phil. 2.7 8 But made himself of no reputation and took upon him the form of a servant and was made in the likeness of man And being found in fashion as a man he humbled himself Wherefore God hath highly exalted him c. 5. The advantage redounding to both parties by this Covenant is equal I mean the glory and honour of this transaction for no other profit and goodness can redound unto the all-sufficient good Job 35.7 If thou be righteous what givest thou him or what receiveth he of thine hand Psal 16.2 3 My goodness extendeth not unto thee But to the Saints that are in the earth and to the excellent in whom is all my delight I say of the Covenant of Suretiship that though the profit is ours and extendeth only to the redeemed people yet the advantage of honour and glory doth equally reach both the parties transacting in their own order for thereby there is a peculiar honour of our Redemption and Salvation to God the Author thereof who gave Christ and sent him to work this Redemption and a peculiar honour to Christ Mediator to the Lamb the grand Instrument that wrought it and whose soul travelled in it So that the honour accrewing hereby is not peculiar to any one of the parties but parted betwixt them Joh. 5.23 That all men should honour the Son even as they honour the Father Rev. 7.10 And cryed with a loud voice saying Salvation unto our God which sitteth upon the throne and unto the Lamb. 5. Another Property of the Covenant of Redemption is order that which is said of the Covenant of Reconciliation that it 's ordered in all things is eminently true of the Covenant of Redemption It is a well-ordered Covenant and how can it be made otherwise since he that made it is the God of order 1 Cor. 14.33 and God only wise 1. Tim. 1.17 who knew well how to contrive the comely order which he designed The order of this Covenant doth chiefly consist in these two things 1. In God's beautiful contriving and ordering the methods and ways of our Redemption and Salvation 2. In his comely ordering and adapting these Methods of Redemption to answer the ends and intents which were purposed and proposed in this transaction Under the first of these I comprehend 1. His ordering and sending of a Saviour and Redeemer to fallen man 2. His ordering the things that the Person designed should do and suffer for purchasing this Redemption 3. His ordering the means whereby the purchased Redemption should be applied to the Redeemed people 4. His ordering the efficacy of means towards the ends purposed by him that there might be no misgiving in all the matter Under the fecond I comprehend God's ordering 1. That the satisfaction of Divine Justice shall be by a Surety 2. That the satisfaction of the Surety shall meet with and fully come up to the demands of the Law and Covenant of works by his obeying the command and bearing the curse 3. That the Sureties satisfaction shall stand for the broken man's he taking our Law-place upon him and acting our part 4. That Justice shall be so satisfied as mercy be also entreated that the means and methods of Redemption may answer the intent of God to glorifie these two attributes Justice and Mercy in Man's Redemption I do not say that the beautiful order of this Covenant consisted in these things only but in these and the like which will appear further when we come to speak of the subject-matter of this Covenant and the things that were therein concluded 6. Another Property of the Covenant of Redemption is stability God's Covenant with Christ is an immutable inviolable transaction and all the things therein concluded are firm and unalterable nothing thereof can fail for 1. It is transacted in the unchangeable counsel of God's will where all the decrees and conclusions are unalterable Heb. 6.17 Wherein God willing more abundantly to shew unto the heirs of promise the immutability of his counsel confirmed it by an ●●th Isa 14.27 For the Lord of hosts hath purposed and who shall disannul it 2. It must be an inviolable Covenant being transacted betwixt two parties who have all imaginable Properties that can ensure then dealings and transactions and render them firm For it is 1. Betwixt God unchangeable with whom there is no variableness nor shadow of turning Jam. 1.17 I am the Lord I change not Mal. 3.6 And Jesus Christ the s ●one yesterday and to day and for ever Heb. 13.8 2. It is betwixt God the strength of Israel who is not as the son of man that he should repent 1 Sam. 15.29 who hath sworn to Christ and will not repent Heb. 7.21 and Christ Jesus in whom all the promises of God are yea and amen 2 Cor. 1.20 3. It is betwixt the true God Jer. 10.10 the God of truth Deut. 32.4 and Jesus Christ who is the truth it self Joh. 14.6 4. It is betwixt the faithful God which keepeth Covenant Deut. 7.9 who abideth faithful and cannot deny himself 2 Tim. 2.13 and Jesus Christ the faithful witness Rev. 1.6 3. This must be a sure and inviolable Covenant being a sworn confirmed Covenant for God hath not only sworn and confirmed his Covenant with us but he hath also confirmed this Covenant with an oath and sworn to Christ Psal 89.35 Once have I sworn by my holiness that I will not lye unto David Heb. 7.21 For those Priests were made without an oath but this with an oath by him that said unto him The Lord sware and will not repent thou art a Priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec Now the Argument used by the Apostle from the confirmation of a Covenant to the stability thereof holds good and firm of this Covenant also though it be not the thing principally intended there Gal. 3.15 Though it be but a man's Covenant yet if it be confirmed no man disannulleth or addeth thereunto 4. Stability and Inviolableness most eminently agree to that Covenant for which and because of which the Covenant of Reconciliation made with us is firm sure and inviolable Now 't is manifest that the stability of that Covenant springs out of this and the inviolableness of the one is given by the Holy Ghost for the ground and cause of the stability of the other See Psal 89.33 34 35 36 Nevertheless my loving-kindness will I not utterly take from him nor suffer my faithfulness to fail My Covenant will I not break nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips Once nave I sworn

spared not his own Son but delivered him up for us all Isa 53.8 For the transgressions of my people was he stricken 7. The Holiness of God is manifested in Christ his Holiness did appear in that holy Image which he put in Adam and the holy Law which he gave to him under a penalty but this holiness of the Image of God stamped on the creature was possible to be lost for both men and Angels were capable of sin and did fall but herein is a greater manifestation of Gods holiness that a Creature Christ-man Christ Mediator is made the Fountain of all Holiness Holiness cannot be lost in him yea it is derived from him Joh. 1.14 16 Full of grace and truth and of his fulness have all we received and grace for grace Chap. 3. v. 34 For God giveth not the spirit by measure unto him This is spoken of Christ man of Christ Mediator for one of the persons of the Godhead cannot receive another O what an impression of Holiness is this what a communication and manifestation of the Holiness of God! The fulness of the Godhead dwells bodily in the man Christ Col. 2.9 Where there is the highest union there is the greatest communion there was never such another union as that personal union and therefore there could never be such a communication of God 8. The All-sufficiency of God appears more in Christ than ever before the declarative glory thereof shines in the restoring of lost man for whosoever can restore lost man can raise him to a higher happiness than he fell from he is All-sufficient and Almighty and is thereby declared to be so this did God in Christ the Mediator this is a declaration of Gods All-sufficiency and of Christs Gen. 17.1 I am God almighty 2 Cor. 8.9 For ye know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ that though he was rich yet for your sakes he became poor that ye through his poverty might be made rich Chap. 12.9 And he said unto me My grace is sufficient for thee for my strength is made perfect in weakness most gladly therefore will I rather glory in my infirmities that the power of Christ may rest upon me 9. The Patience and Long suffering of God was never heard of before until it was manifested in Christ God executed his Justice against the fallen Angels without exercising any Patience and Long-suffering towards them 2 Pet. 2.4 For if God spared not the Angels which fell but cast them down to hell But in Jesus Christ there is a discovery of the Patience of God and his bearing with sinners Isa 49.8 There is a Covenant to establish the earth that Justice do not ruine it Jesus Christ obtained pardon and reprival for some sinners that they should be spared Exod. 34.6 And the Lord passed by before him and proclaimed The Lord the Lord God merciful and gracious long-suffering and abundant in goodness and truth In him the Lord proclaims himself merciful and gracious long-suffering c. 1 Tim. 1.16 Howbeit for this cause I obtained mercy that in me first Jesus Christ might shew forth all long-suffering for a pattern to them which should hereafter believe on him to life everlasting Yea and by way of concomitancy and for the Elects sake reprobates reap some benefit by the Patience of God thus manifested He suffers the creatures to mock him and say Where is the promise of his coming 2 Pet. 3.4 Rom. 9.22 Endured with much long-suffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction 10. The Faithfulness of God is manifested in Christ he was known to be true and faithful in fulfilling the threatning and certification of the transgression of the first Covenant Gen. 2.17 In the day thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die And in keeping the Covenant with all the creatures Gen. 8.22 While the earth remaineth seed-time and harvest-time and cold and heat and summer and winter and day and night shall not cease Jer. 33.20 Thus saith the Lord If ye can break my Covenant of the day and my Covenant of the night and that there should not be day and night in their season c. But this was but a small declaration of his faithfulness being compared with the manifestation of his Faithfulness in Christ which shines so brightly in keeping Covenant and Promises with him and with his people upon his account notwithstanding all your unfaithfulness to him hereby he is proclaimed to be the Lord abundant in truth Exod. 34.6 2 Cor. 1.20 For all the promises of God in him are yea and in him are Amen Psal 89.34 35 My Covenant will I not break nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips Once have I sworn by my holiness that I will not lie unto David Mic. 7.18 20 Who is a God like unto thee that pardoneth iniquity Thou wilt perform the truth to Jacob and the mercy to Abraham which thou hast sworn unto our fathers from the days of old 11. The Majesty of the Lord something whereof is manifested in the Creation Psal 19.1 The heavens declare the glory of the Lord and the firmament sheweth forth his handy-work But much more in restoring man if there be a Majesty in Angels Heb. 1.7 And of his Angels he saith who maketh his Angels spirits and his ministers a flame of fire And in godly men which is but a little discovered here c. shall be more fully afterward 2 Thess 1.10 When he shall come to be glorified in his saints O what excellent Majesty must there be in Jesus Christ Heb. 1.13 But to which of the Angels said he at any time sit on my right hand until I make thine enemies thy foot-stool And what shall be revealed in him when he shall come in glory 2 Thess 1.7 When the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty angels Col. 3.4 When Christ who is our life shall appear then shall ye also appear with him in glory You see then all the Attributes of God are made more bright and get a new lustre in Jesus Christ the Mediator he is the brightness of his Fathers glory and the express Image of his Person 2. The distinct Subsistences of the Persons of the Godhead and blessed Trinity are more brightly discovered in Jesus Christ than ever before God was but darkly seen before in the distinct Subsistences of the persons of the Trinity but in the Gospel through Jesus Christ there is a glorious manifestation thereof 2 Cor. 4.6 For God who commanded the light to shine out of darkness hath shined in our hearts to give the light of the knowledg of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ 1. The Eternal Son of God the second Person his taking on our nature doth clearly shew that there are distinct Subsistences or Persons in the Godhead There are two natures in one Subsistence or Person which illustrates the three Subsistencies in one nature or three Persons in the Godhead 2. By Jesus Christ from his own

another whether Faith the eminent Gospel-condition or other Gospel-obedience required of us or to be performed upon our part all these were undertaken by Christ's act of Suretiship in the Covenant betwixt God and him and were ensured to him by Jehovah to be successfully performed See Eph. 2.10 For we are his workmanship created in Christ Jesus unto good works which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them 2 Thess 2.13 But we are bound to give thanks alway to God for you brethren beloved of the Lord because God hath from the beginning chosen you to Salvation through sanctification of the spirit and belief of the truth Isa 53.11 And the pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in his hand He shall see of the travel of his soul and shall be satisfied by his knowledg shall my righteous servant justifie many for he shall bear their iniquities 3. In personal Covenanting with God and the engaging of particular Souls to him in the way of the Covenant of Grace Christ's Suretiship is the ground of all proceeding till this be eyed and in some measure believed there is no possibility of advancing one step toward a new Covenant-state for how can fallen broken man who understands his condition to be such think of dealing with God unless he bring a Cautioner with him or how shall he bring to God Christ a surety of the better testament who hath not heard of and believed his eternal act of Suretiship Rom. 10.14 How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard and how shall they hear without a preacher This Covenant of Surtiship therefore must needs be the foundation of the Covenant of Grace and reconciliation hence 't is that David and Hezekiah flee to this act of Suretiship and lay the weight of their dealing with God on it Psal 119.122 Be surety for thy servant for good Isa 38.14 O Lord I am oppressed undertake for me 4. The Covenant made with us hath its stability from the Covenant of Suretiship made with Christ and therefore this must be the foundation of that I say upon the stability of the Covenant made with Christ doth depend the stability of the Covenant with us because that stands firm and sure therefore doth this stand fast also therefore the mercies of the Covenant with us are sure mercies and the promises of the Covenant are yea and amen because they are the sure mercies of David which were first promised to Christ Isa 55.3 and because the promises were made to us in him 2 Cor. 1.20 For all the promises of God in him are yea and in him are amen Therefore the Covenant made with us is an everlasting Covenant because of the Covenant by which he was given to his people Isa 53.3 4 I make with you an everlasting Covenant even the sure mercies of David Behold I have given him for a witness of the people a leader and commander of the people therefore our faith and perseverance and salvation are sure as sure as Heaven and Earth can make them because of the act of Christ's Suretiship and his undertaking for them because they hang upon Christ's fulfilling his Covenant of Suretiship with God and upon condition of his doing the work that his Father gave him to do Joh. 17.4 8.15.24 I have glorified thee on earth I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do For I have given unto them the words which thou gavest me and they have received them I pray not that thou shouldst take them out of the world but that thou shouldst keep them from the evil Father I will that they also whom thou hast given me be with me where I am Mat. 16.18 And upon this rock will I build my Church and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it 5. The Holy Ghost's leading us so frequently in the Scriptures from the Covenant made with us in all the force efficacy stability eternity standing and perseverance thereof to look up to the Covenant of Suretiship made with Christ is a clear demonstration that this Covenant made with us depends upon the Covenant made with him and that the Covenant made with Christ is the foundation and ground of the Covenant made with us Read Ezek. 16.60 61 Nevertheless I will remember my Covenant with thee in the days of thy youth and I will establish unto thee an everlasting Covenant Then thou shalt remember thy ways and be ashamed when thou shalt receive thy Sisters thine elder and thy younger and I will give them unto thee for daughters but not by thy Covenant Where the efficacy of the Covenant made with us is hanged not upon that same Covenant but another to wit that made with Christ And Isa 22.22 23 And the key of the house of David will I lay upon his shoulder for he shall open and none shall shut and he shall shut and none shall open and I will fasten him as a nail in a sure place and he shall be for a glorious throne to his father's house c. Where under a type of Eliakim's trust the fixing of Christ in the Covenant is stated as the ground of all the gracious efficiency thereof and Psal 89.33 34 Nevertheless my loving kindness will I not utterly take from him nor suffer my faithfulness to fail My Covenant will I not break nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips Once have I sworn by my holiness that I will not lye unto David The establishment of the Covenant with Christ's sinful seed there spoke of by the name of David and his seed is reduced to the Covenant the sworn Covenant with Christ as the ground and foundation thereof whom God laid in Zion for a sure foundation to the intent that he who believeth may not make haste nor be suddenly removed from his Faith and steadfastness Isa 28.16 CHAP. II. Of the necessity of the Covenant of Redemption And 1. What kind of necessity for the being of this Covenant 2. In what Respects or to what Intents it is necessary WHen we speak of the necessity of the Covenant of Redemption or Suretiship we are cautiously to understand that necessity The School-men distinguish a threefold necessity Aquin. Sum. 1. Part. g. 19. Art 3 Estius in Sentent li. 1. d. 38. Sect. 7. 1. A most perfect and absolute necessity or a simple necessity when a thing is so that it cannot not be nor be otherwise and that by the power of any Agent whatsoever This necessity belongeth not to the Covenant of Redemption nor to any other the free acts of the will of God for if so it had pleased God he might have not entered that Covenant with his Son for it was not absolutely necessary that man should be redeemed God might have passed by man as he did the Apostate Angels which choice of objects to be redeemed by Christ is mentioned for aggravating God's

the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God For we know that the whole creation groaneth and travelleth in pain together until now 2. The promise of restoring all things to their primitive perfection all things were broken defaced and marred by man's sin insomuch that the beauty of them all is gone and nothing remains upon these inferiour creatures but the old ruines of glory but there shall come a time of the restitution of all things Act. 3.21 and who shall do this Christ mends and makes all things new again by his Surety-covenant that were broken by the rupture of the Covenant of works Rev. 21.15 And I saw a new heaven and a new earth for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away and there was no more sea And he that sate upon the throne said behold I make all things new 2 Pet. 3.13 Nevertheless we according to his promise look for new heavens and a new earth wherein dwelleth righteousness 3. The promise of restoring the broken league that was betwixt man and the rest of the creatures in their original condition when all obeyed Adam and were dependers upon him after the violation of which there was continual war and jarring betwixt man and the rest of the creatures sin did make a breach in the whole creation when man sinned all the creatures became enemies to him and one to another but now in Christ all the creatures are reconciled Eph. 1.10 That in the dispensation of the fulness of times he might gather together in one all things in Christ both which are in heaven and which are on earth even in him Hos 2.18 And in that day will I make a Covenant for them with the beast of the field and with the fowls of heaven and with the creeping things of the ground and I will break the bow and the sword and the battel out of the earth and I will make them to lye down safely By Christ's Suretiship and the Covenant-promises through him the creatures are brought in a new league with man Job 5.23 For thou shalt be in league with the stones of the field and the beasts of the field shall be at peace with thee Psal 121.6 The Sun shall not smite thee by day nor the Moon by night 4. The promise of removing the Law-curse out of all dispensations and writing the Gospel-blessing upon them that all and every of them may be blessings in Christ to his Redeemed people Deut. 28.4 5 Blessed shall be the fruit of thy body and the fruit of thy ground and the fruit of thy cattel and the encrease of thy kine blessed shall be thy basket and thy store that even the rods and chastisements which are curses of the Law to the wicked Deut. 28.15 16 But it shall come to pass if thou wilt not hearken unto the voice of the Lord thy God to observe to do all his commandments and statutes which I command thee this day that all these curses shall come upon thee and overtake thee Cursed shalt thou be in the city and cursed shalt thou be in the field c. should be covenanted-mercies and written in the book of the Covenant of Grace to God's elect people Psal 89.30 31 33 If his children forsake my Law and walk not in my judgments If they break my statutes and keep not my commandments then will I visit their iniquity with the rod. Nevertheless my loving kindness will I not utterly take from him nor suffer my faithfulness to fail Heb. 12.6 For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth and scourgeth every Son whom he receiveth 5. The promise of establishing and setling all things that were set a reeling by the breach of the Covenant of works it is promised that Christ shall be the repairer it is he that establishes the earth so that the creatures that are for man's use are not destroved for Justice did require as speedy vengeance upon men as it did upon the Angels and the Sentence had been executed immediately had not the Covenant of Suretiship prevented it and in this respect the very reprobate have some temporal advantage by way of Concomitancy and for the elects sake Isa 49.8 Thus saith the Lord in an acceptable time have I heard thee and in a day of Salvation have I helped thee Col. 1.17 And by him all things consist Heb. 1.3 Vpholding all things by the word of his power All these and promises of like nature were made to Christ the first heir whom God appointed heir of all things Heb. 1.2 and for his sake they redounded unto them who shall be heirs of Salvation Heb. 1.14 and it is upon this very account that the whole Creation are commanded to sing because Christ the restorer of all things is come to the throne Psal 96.11 12 13 Let the heavens rejoyce and let the earth be glad let the sea roar and the fulness thereof Let the field be joyful and all that is therein then shall all the trees of the wood rejoyce before the Lord for he cometh for he cometh to judg the earth he shall judg the world with righteousness and the people with his truth And 98.7 8 9 Let the sea roar and the fulness thereof the world and they that dwell therein Let the floods clap their hands let the hills be joyful together before the Lord for he cometh to judg tht earth with righteousness shall he judg the world and the people with equity 6. The promise of the respecitive eminent change of the Government from the sole essential Government of Jehovah to the dispensatory Government of the Mediator Joh. 5.22 For the Father judgeth no man but hath committed all judgment unto the Son 1 Cor. 15.25 For he must reign till he hath put all enemies under his feet for supposing that the Covenant of works shall be broken the world cannot now any more be ruled according to the rules of that Covenant to wit by God the Father immediately for then he must destroy man therefore together with the change of the Covenant there must needs be a change of the Government Christ as Mediator must govern the world Isa 9.6 The government shall be upon his shoulder and he must judg the world in our nature Act. 17.31 The man whom God hath appointed and he reigns not only over the Church but also though in a far different way over all the Kingdoms of the world and all things in the world for the Churches sake Eph. 1.21 22 Far above all principality and power and might and dominion and every name that is named not only in this world but also in that which is to come And hath put all things under his feet and gave him to be the head over all things to the Church Heb. 2.5 7.8 For unto the Angels hath he not put in subjection the world to come whereof we speak Thou madest him a little lower than the Angels and thou crownedst him with glory and honour

and with them only See Psal 89.3 I have made a Covenant with my chosen 2 Thess 2.13 God hath from the beginning chosen you to Salvation through sanctification of the spirit and belief of the truth 5. These Covenants of Redemption and Reconciliation agree in this that the principal ends of both are the same which were 1. The highest manifestation of all the Lords glorious attributes which were so manifested in Christ as they were never known before whereof in its proper place this was one of the principal ends which the Lord had before him both in the Covenant of Redemption and the Covenant of Reconciliation Eph. 3.9 10 11 And to make all men see what is the fellowship of the Mystery which from the beginning of the world hath been hid in God who created all things by Jesus Christ To the intent that now unto the principalities and powers in heavenly places might be known by the Church the manifold wisdom of God according to the eternal purpose which he purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord. 2. The highest and nearest union of man with God was one of the Lords ends in both these Covenants to make up such an union betwixt God and Man as might be a ground and foundation of sutable communion Joh. 14.20 At that day ye shall know that I am in my father and you in me and I in you 1 Cor. 6.17 But he that is joyned to the Lord is one spirit 3. Another principal end which God had before him in his Covenant-dealings was the highest and fullest communication of himself to man this end was proposed in both these Covenants of Redemption and Reconciliation God would dispense nothing of himself unto the creatures but by his Son and through his Covenant with him and with us he purposed to communicate himself to us 1 Joh. 5.11 And this is the record that God hath given to us eternal life and this life is in his Son And 1.3 And truly our fellowship is with the Father and with his Son Jesus Christ. 6. The Covenant of Suretiship made with Christ and the Covenant of Redemption and Grace made with sinners agree in this That the good and advantage of both these Covenants redounded unto us even as the honour of both accrues unto the Lord who after the opening of this subject of his Covenant-dealings with Christ and through him with us Isa 42.1 to 8 immediately subjoyns I am the Lord that is my name and my glory I will not give to another both these Covenants were transacted to the praise of the glory of his grace Eph. 1.6 But the profit and advantage of both is ours not his and if these words Psal 16.2 3 My goodness extendeth not unto thee but to the Saints that are in the earth and to the excellent in whom is all my delight be the words of Christ or relating to Covenant-transactions betwixt Jehovah and Christ as most part of that Psalm is J● Coce D● soed c. p. p. 106. and some Expositors apply it and I do not see why it may not more fitly be applied to Christ than to David I say if these words be Christ's they speak the point in hand fully Besides see Rom. 5.15 The grace of God and the gift by grace which is by one man Jesus Christ hath abounded unto many 2 Cor. 4.15 For all things are for your sakes that the abundant grace might through the thanksgiving of many redound to the glory of God 7. They agree in this That there is exchange of places betwixt Christ and his elect redeemed seed in both these Covenants In the Covenant of Suretiship he taketh our Law-place and room and putteth himself in the sinners stead as hath been said Heb. 10.7 Lo I come to do thy will And again in the Covenant of Reconciliation we take Christ's Law-place or rather have bestowed upon us that place and room with God which the Law allowed to him that obeyeth the Law and satisfieth the Law to the full Hence 't is said that we are made the righteousness of God in him 2 Cor. 5.21 This is our place by the Covenant of Reconciliation to have that high righteousness of our Surety unto which the God-head gave excellency and the righteousness of the Law is said to be fulfilled in us Rom. 8.4 to wit the passive righteousness thereof in suffering for the breach of the Law and how was this only by commutation and exchange of places with Christ our Surety who put himself in our place and put us in his 8. The Covenant of Redemption and the Covenant of Reconciliation agree in many properties both these Covenants are free gracious everlasting ordered in all things sure c. as may fully appear by what is already spoken of the properties of the Covenant of Suretiship and by the second part of this Treatise which relates to the properties of the Covenant of Grace 2. In the next place let us take notice of the difference between the Covenants of Redemption and Reconciliation whereby it may appear that these are two Covenants and not one and the same These Covenants differ 1. In the rise although they agree thus far in the rise See Mr. Rutherf Treat of the Covenant p. 2. c. 8. that both these Covenants had the rise from Grace as I have shewed yet they differ in this that the Covenant of Redemption and Suretiship did spring out of Grace in both the parties for therein did the Grace of Jehovah and the Grace of Jesus Christ appear it was the gracious pleasure and good will of both the parties which equally gave it the first rise But the Grace that giveth the rise to the Covenant of Reconciliation is not shared between the parties but it stands all upon one side Grace in God and in our Lord Jesus Christ without any gracious disposition or qualification upon our part till it be wrought in us by the Grace of Christ giveth the first rise to the Covenant of Reconciliation and Grace made with sinners Tit. 2.11 For the grace of God that bringeth Salvation hath appeared unto all men 1 Joh. 4.10 19 Herein is love not that we loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins We love him because he first loved us Rom. 5.6 8 For when we were yet without strength in due time Christ died for us But God commendeth his love toward us in that while we were yet sinners Christ died for us 2. These Covenants differ in the property of eternity for although both are everlasting Covenants yet both are not eternal The Covenant of Redemption is eternal for the Lord does not begin in time to design Christ a Surety and Mediator nor does the Son begin in time to be a Consenter but we are to understand the Apostles saying he was made surety Heb. 7.22 by Christ's own saying I was set up from everlasting c. Prov. 8.23 1 Pet. 1.20 Who verily was

sharp in the heart of the kings enemies whereby the people fall under thee Isa 11.2 And the spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him the spirit of wisdom and understanding the spirit of counsel and might the spirit of knowledg and of the fear of the Lord c. Vse 1. Behold how well furnished our Mediator is set out for his work there is a fulness in him to meet with all our emptiness yea his fulness was given to him for this very end that sinners which cannot come where the fulness of God lieth to receive from him immediately may receive it out of Christs fulness Consider then I say 1. What a fulness is in him what a running-over Unction he received this is a work above us and matter beyond our expression wherein we may more easily lose our selves even in this depth than express our selves by this Unction he is full of God Col. 2.9 For in him dwelleth all the fulness of the Godhead bodily Full of the spirit the Holy-Ghost Luk. 4.1 And Jesus being full of the Holy-Ghost full of grace and truth Joh. 11.4 Full of light and of life Joh. 1.4 In him was life and the life was the light of men c. Full of saving grace and sanctified gifts Isa 11.2 And the spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him c. 2. Consider for what end all this fulness was given unto him he was full of the spirit that he might fill us with his spirit Joh. 16.7 Nevertheless I tell you the truth it is expedient for you that I go away for if I go not away the comforter will not come unto you but if I depart I will send him unto you Eph. 3.19 That ye might be filled with all the fulness of God He was full of grace that we might receive of his fulness Joh. 1.16 That his Unction might run down upon us 1. Joh. 2.27 But the anointing which ye have received of him abideth in you and ye need not that any man teach you That his grace might work mightily in us Col. 1. last He received gifts for our use to give them to men to the worst of men even to the rebellious gifts to be measured out again Psal 68.18 with Chap. 4. v. 8. Vse 2. Let his fulness and compleat Unction be improved 1. For convincing such as continue so empty when Christ is so full Ah that we should be so poor when Christ is so rich when we have so full an anointed one that we should never taste of his Unction some have nothing and some have little but very few are filled with the fulness of Christ and made to run over-with his Unction the fault is in us that he is so wet and we are so dry John 5.40 And ye will not come to me that ye might have life 2. For alluring and gaining the hearts of empty creatures Things allure as there is much of precious furniture in them but this is sad when God hath anointed Christ with the Spirit above measure that empty creatures care nothing for him that his fulness and furniture is propounded and offered every day in the Gospel and we are not allured by it Song 1.3 Because of the savour of thy good ointments thy name is as ointment poured forth therefore the virgins love thee 3. For comforting believers all this fulness of the Spirit of gifts and graces wherewith Christ was anointed it is yours it was not only for your use but it is your property 1 Cor. 3.22 23 All are yours and ye are Christs and Christ is Gods You may use it as your own you may come to the Fountain to the Treasure to the store-house of Christs fulness when-you will you may comfortably and confidently hold up your Cisterns till they be filled and run over Isa 12.3 Therefore with joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of Salvation Phil. 4.18 19 But I have all and abound I am full But my God shall supply all your need according to his riches in glory by Jesus Christ CHAP. XV. Of the Requisites in a Mediator which are eminently to be found in Christ the Mediator of the New Covenant IN the next place I come to speak more particularly of this part of Christs Unction or his Furniture for the work of Mediatorship by laying open the Requisites in a Mediator which are all eminently to be found in Christ and may be reckoned as so many properties or qualifications in the Mediator of the New Covenant The Requisites in a Mediator or Reconciler that dealeth betwixt two parties are of two sorts 1. Some Requisites which more directly relate to the qualifying a person for such an Employment 2. There be other Requisites which look more directly to the managing of that trust both the one and the other are eminently to be found in Christ And 1. Of the Requisites fitting a Person for this trust 1. A Mediator must be such a Person that hath Interest in both the parties else he should be suspected either by one party or other yea his interposing should not be admitted of by the parties without this Requisite Christ hath this Requisite most eminently he is such a Person who is not only of Kindred to both parties but by that rare conjunction of the two Natures in his Person who is God man he is equally distant from and drawing near to both parties whereof I spoke before when I treated of the Union of the two Natures and therefore will not insist here 2. A Mediator must be a Person trusted by both parties one to whom they can confidently intrust their Interests such a person is Christ to whom God hath entrusted and committed whatsoever relateth to his Honour and Interest John 5.22 27 For the Father judgeth no man but hath committed all judgment to the Son And hath given him authority to execute judgment also because he is the Son of man He is a Person a Trustee to whom we may commit all our Interests yea Believers have done so and will do so 1 Pet. 4.19 Commit the keeping of your souls to him in well doing as unto a faithful Creator 2 Tim. 1.12 And I am perswaded that he is able to keep that which I have committed unto him against that day Yea he is the person to whom our Interests were committed by God before we were born and before we were capable to dispose of our own interests When we were Minors yea before we were John 17.6 Thine they were and thou gavest them me and they have kept thy word 3. A Mediator must be a Person which is well-affected to and which seeketh the welfare of both parties one who desires their union and agreement else he were not fit to deal betwixt them such a person is Jesus the Mediator of the New Covenant one who desireth and endeavoureth Gods honour and our happiness one who carrieth on his Fathers Honour in the promoting of our happiness and one who carrieth on our

humane Nature of Christ 1. It was Created-grace wherewith he was anointed it was grace given upon the one part and received upon the other it was grace-poured out and infused in the same manner as believers receive grace Psal 68.18 Thou hast received gifts for men yea for the rebellious also that the Lord might dwell among them Psal 45.2 7 Grace is poured into thy lips therefore hath God blessed thee for ever Thou lovest righteousness and hatest wickedness therefore God thy God hath anointed thee with oyl of gladness above thy fellows 2. It was grace which being finite did receive encrease Luk. 2.40 52 And the child grew and waxed strong in spirit filled with wisdom and the grace of God was upon him And Jesus encreased in wisdom and stature and in favour with God and man as all his members do Eph. 4.13 Till all we come in the unity of the faith and of the knowledg of the Son of God unto a perfect man unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ 3. It must needs be of the same kind seeing our grace and Unction is part of his fulness Joh. 1.16 And of his fulness have all we received and grace for grace 1 Joh. 2.20 27 But ye have an unction from the holy one But the anointing which you have received of him abideth in you Yet so as Christ is not degraded from his Soveraignty by his partners exaltation Col. 1.18 And he is the head of the body the Church who is the beginning the first-born from the dead that in all things he might have the preheminence 2. Concerning the measure of Christs Unction although his Unction differ not in kind from the Unction of believers yet the measure of it so far exceeds our measure that in respect thereof it is without measure and yet the humane Nature of Christ had not infinite grace for thereof it was not capable it is as the Ocean compared with the drop of a Bucket the spirit and grace was in him as water in the Fountain in us as water in the Cistern communication in regard of Christ is full and immediate grace is in him as the money in the treasure which is disbursed to us according to our need grace is in him as life and sense is eminently in the heart and head which is diffused into his members Joh. 5.26 For as the Father hath life in himself so hath he given to the Son to have life in himself Chap. 6. v. 57 As the living Father hath sent me and I live by the Father so he that eateth me even he shall live by me Psal 45.2 7 Thou art fairer than the children of men grace is poured into thy lips God thy God hath anointed thee with the oyl of gladness above thy fellows Col. 1.18 And he is the head of the body the Church who is the beginning the first-born from the dead that in all things he might have the preheminence 3. Concerning the time of Christs Unction whether he received the spirit without measure in that copious abundant effusion from the womb and first moment of his conception We say he was anointed even from the first union of his two Natures in his person the Godhead did sanctifie the huname Nature and make it holy undefiled and infused all graces as appears from Luk. 1.35 Therfore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God Heb. 7.26 For such an High-priest became us who is holy harmless undefiled separate from sinners and made higher than the heaven And from the glorious effects thereof which did early appear in him Luk. 2.42 to 49. Yet so as he did more fully receive the anointing and the spirit without measure when he was to appear publickly in the entire executing of his Offices which was about the thirtieth year of his age Luk. 3.23 with 4.1 22 And Jesus being full of the Holy-Ghost c. And all bare him witness and wondred at the gracious words which proceeded out of his mouth Which was typified in Davids being twice anointed once when he was first designed King 1 Sam. 16.13 And again when he was invested in the presence of the people 2 Sam. 2.4 Which was also held forth in the visible sign of the Holy-Ghost his descending upon him at his baptism Mat. 3.16 And was intimated to John before-hand Joh. 1.33 34 And I knew him not but he that sent me to baptize with water the same said unto me Vpon whom thou shalt see the spirit descending and remaining on him the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy-Ghost And I saw and bare record that this is the Son of God i.e. That he who as man should receive the spirit should also as God yea as Mediator give the spirit to others 4. Concerning the extent of his Unction as it reacheth unto all the parts of his Mediatorship and the furnishing him for them 1. He was anointed to be a Prophet furnished with a dexterity to preach the Gospel Luk. 4.18 19 22 The Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he hath anointed me to preach the Gospel to the poor he hath sent me to heal the broken-hearted to preach deliverance to the captives and recovering of sight to the blind to set at liberty them that are bruised to preach the acceptable year of the Lord. And all bare him witness and wondred at the gracious words which proceeded out of his mouth Isa 50.4 The Lord hath given me the tongue of the learned that I should know how to speak a word in season to him that is weary Mat. 7.28 29 And it came to pass when Jesus had ended these sayings the people were astonished at his doctrine For he taught them as one having authority and not as the Scribes Joh. 6.63 The words that I speak unto you they are spirit and they are life Yea he was not only furnished with a spirit for that calling but also for prompting others and fitting them for it Eph. 4.8 11 And gave gifts unto men And he gave some Apostles and some Prophets and some Evangelists and some Pastors and some Teachers 2. He was anointed not only called but furnished for his Priestly Office for both the parts thereof furnished by the Spirit wherewith he was anointed both for offering his Sacrifice and for making his intercession Heb. 9.14 Who through the eternal spirit offered himself without spot to God Chap. 5. v. 7 Who in the days of his flesh when he had offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears c. 3. He was anointed and furnished for his Kingly Office with a spirit and gifts for Government for conquering his enemies and for ruling his people Psal 45.3 4 5 Gird thy sword upon thy thigh O most Mighty with thy glory and thy Majesty And in thy Majesty ride prosperously because of truth and meekness and righteousness and thy right hand shall teach thee terrible things Thine arrows are