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A68197	The first and second volumes of Chronicles. [vol. 1] comprising 1 The description and historie of England, 2 The description and historie of Ireland, 3 The description and historie of Scotland: first collected and published by Raphaell Holinshed, William Harrison, and others: now newlie augmented and continued (with manifold matters of singular note and worthie memorie) to the yeare 1586. by Iohn Hooker aliàs Vowell Gent and others. With conuenient tables at the end of these volumes.; Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande. vol. 1	Holinshed, Raphael, d. 1580?; Stanyhurst, Richard, 1547-1618.; Fleming, Abraham, 1552?-1607.; Stow, John, 1525?-1605.; Thynne, Francis, 1545?-1608.; Hooker, John, 1526?-1601.; Harrison, William, 1534-1593.; Boece, Hector, 1465?-1536.; Giraldus, Cambrensis, 1146?-1223?	1587 (1587)	STC 13569_pt1; ESTC S122178	1,179,579	468

began his reigne ouer the Britains about the yeare of our Lord 180 as Fabian following the authoritie of Peter Pictauiensis saith although other writers seeme to disagrée in that account as by the same Fabian in the table before his booke partlie appeareth wherevnto Matthaeus Westmonasteriensis affirmeth that this Lucius was borne in the yeare of our Lord 115 and was crowned king in the yeare 124 as successor to his father Coillus which died the same yeare being of great age yer the said Lucius was borne It is noted by antiquaries that his entrance was in the 4132 of the world 916 after the building of Rome 220 after the comming of Cesar into Britaine and 165 after Christ whose accounts I follow in this treatise This Lucius is highlie renowmed of the writers for that he was the first king of the Britains that receiued the faith of Iesus Christ for being inspired by the spirit of grace and truth euen from the beginning of his reigne he somewhat leaned to the fauoring of Christian religion being moued with the manifest miracles which the Christians dailie wrought in witnesse and proofe of their sound and perfect doctrine For euen from the daies of Ioseph of Arimathia and his fellowes or what other godlie men first taught the Britains the gospell of our Sauiour there remained amongest the same Britains some christians which ceased not to teach and preach the word of God most sincerelie vnto them but yet no king amongst them openlie professed that religion till at length this Lucius perceiuing not onelie some of the Romane lieutenants in Britaine as Trebellius and Pertinax with others to haue submitted themselues to that profession but also the emperour himselfe to begin to be fauorable to them that professed it he tooke occasion by their good example to giue eare more attentiuelie vnto the gospell and at length sent vnto Eleutherius bishop of Rome two learned men of the British nation Eluane and Meduine requiring him to send some such ministers as might instruct him and his people in the true faith more plentifullie and to baptise them according to the rules of christian religion ¶ The reuerend father Iohn Iewell sometime bishop of Salisburie writeth in his replie vnto Hardings answer that the said Eleutherius for generall order to be taken in the realme and churches héere wrote his aduice to Lucius in maner and forme following You haue receiued in the kingdome of Britaine by Gods mercie both the law and faith of Christ ye haue both the new and the old testament out of the same through Gods grace by the aduise of your realme make a law and by the same through Gods sufferance rule you your kingdome of Britaine for in that kingdome you are Gods vicar Herevpon were sent from the said Eleutherius two godlie learned men the one named Fugatius and the other Damianus the which baptised the king with all his familie and people and therewith remoued the worshipping of idols and false gods and taught the right meane and waie how to worship the true and immortall God There were in those daies within the bounds of Britaine 28 Flamines thrée Archflamines which were as bishops and archbishops or superintendents of the pagan or heathen religion in whose place they being remoued were instituted 28 bishops thrée archbishops of the christian religion One of the which archbishops held his sée at London another at Yorke and the third at Caerleon Arwiske in Glamorganshire Unto the archbishop of London was subiect Cornewall and all the middle part of England euen vnto Humber To the archbishop of Yorke all the north parts of Britaine from the riuer of Humber vnto the furthest partes of Scotland And to the archbishop of Caerleon was subiect all Wales within which countrie as then were seuen bishops where now there are but foure The riuer of Seuern in those daies diuided Wales then called Cambria from the other parts of Britaine Thus Britaine partlie by the meanes of Ioseph of Arimathia of whome ye haue heard before partlie by the wholesome instructions doctrines of Fugatius and Damianus was the first of all other regions that openlie receiued the gospell and continued most stedfast in that profession till the cruell furie of Dioclesian persecuted the same in such sort that as well in Britaine as in all other places of the world the christian religion was in manner extinguished and vtterlie destroied There be that affirme how this Lucius should build the church of saint Peter at Westminster though manie attribute that act vnto Sibert king of the east Saxons and write how the place was then ouergrowne with thornes and bushes and thereof tooke the name and was called Thorney They ad moreouer that Thomas archbishop of London preached read and ministred the sacraments there to such as made resort vnto him Howbeit by the tables hanging in the reuestrie of saint Paules at London and also a table sometime hanging in saint Peters church in Cornehill it should séeme that the said church of saitn Peter in Cornehill was the same that Lucius builded But herein saith Harison anno mundi 4174 dooth lie a scruple Sure Cornell might soone be mistaken for Thorney speciallie in such old records as time age euill handling haue oftentimes defaced But howsoeuer the case standeth truth it is that Lucius reioising much in that he had brought his people to the perfect light and vnderstanding of the true God that they néeded not to be deceiued anie longer with the craftie temptations and feigned miracles of wicked spirits he abolished all prophane worshippings of false gods and conuerted all such temples as had béene dedicated to their seruice vnto the vse of christian religion and thus studieng onlie how to aduance the glorie of the immortall God and the knowledge of his word without seeking the vaine glorie of worldlie triumph which is got with slaughter and bloudshed of manie a giltlesse person he left his kingdome though not inlarged with broder dominion than he receiued it yet greatlie augmented and inriched with quiet rest good ordinances and that which is more to be estéemed than all the rest adorned with Christes religion and perfectlie instructed with his most holie word and doctrine He reigned as some write 21 yeares though other affirme but twelue yeares Againe some testifie that he reigned 77 others 54 and 43. Moreouer here is to be noted that if he procured the faith of Christ to be planted within this realme in the time of Eleutherius the Romane bishop the same chanced in the daies of the emperour Marcus Aurelius Antonius and about the time that Lucius Aurelius Commodus was ioined and made partaker of the empire with his father which was seuen yéere after the death of Lucius Aelius Aurelius Uerus and in the 177 after the birth of our Sauiour Iesus Christ as by some chronologies is easie to be collected For Eleutherius began to gouerne the sée of

POSSIDETE ANIMAS VESTRAS NH THE First and second volumes of Chronicles comprising 1 The description and historie of England 2 The description and historie of Ireland 3 The description and historie of Scotland First collected and published by Raphaell Holinshed William Harrison and others Now newlie augmented and continued with manifold matters of singular note and worthie memorie to the yeare 1586. by Iohn Hooker aliàs Vowell Gent. and others With conuenient tables at the end of these volumes Historiae placeant nostrates ac peregrinae 1574 To the Right Honorable and his singular good Lord and Maister S. William Brooke Knight Lord Warden of the cinque Ports and Baron of Cobham all increase of the feare and knowledge of God firme obedience toward his Prince infallible loue to the common wealth and commendable renowme here in this world and in the world to come life euerlasting HAuing had iust occasion Right Honorable to remaine in London during the time of Trinitie terme last passed and being earnestlie required of diuers my freends to set downe some breefe discourse of parcell of those things which I had obserued in the reading of such manifold antiquities as I had perused toward the furniture of a Chronologie which I haue yet in hand I was at the first verie loth to yeeld to their desires first for that I thought my selfe vnable for want of skill and iudgment so suddenlie with so hastie speed to take such a charge vpon me secondlie bicause the dealing therein might prooue an hinderance and impechment vnto mine owne Treatise and finallie for that I had giuen ouer all earnest studie of histories as iudging the time spent about the same to be an hinderance vnto my more necessarie dealings in that vocation function wherevnto I am called in the ministerie But when they were so importunate with me that no reasonable excuse could serue to put by this trauell I condescended at the length vnto their yrkesome sute promising that I would spend such void time as I had to spare whilest I should be inforced to tarie in the citie vpon some thing or other that should satisfie their request and stand in lieu of a description of my Countrie For their parts also they assured me of such helps as they could purchase and thus with hope of good although no gaie successe I went in hand withall then almost as one leaning altogither vnto memorie sith my books and I were parted by fourtie miles in sunder In this order also I spent a part of Michaelmas and Hilarie termes insuing being inforced thereto I say by other businesses which compelled me to keepe in the citie and absent my selfe from my charge though in the meane season I had some repaire vnto my poore librarie but not so great as the dignitie of the matter required and yet far greater than the Printers hast would suffer One helpe and none of the smallest that I obtained herein was by such commentaries as Leland had somtime collected of the state of Britaine books vtterlie mangled defaced with wet and weather and finallie vnperfect through want of sundrie volumes secondlie I gat some knowledge of things by letters and pamphlets from sundrie places shires of England but so discordant now and then amongst themselues especiallie in the names and courses of riuers and situation of townes that I had oft greater trouble to reconcile them one with an other than orderlie to pen the whole discourse of such points as they contained the third aid did grow by conference with diuers either at the table or secretlie alone wherein I marked in what things the talkers did agree and wherin they impugned ech other choosing in the end the former and reiecting the later as one desirous to set foorth the truth absolutelie or such things in deed as were most likelie to be true The last comfort arose by mine owne reading of such writers as haue heretofore made mention of the condition of our countrie in speaking wherof if I should make account of the successe extraordinarie cōming by sundrie treatises not supposed to be extant I should but seeme to pronounce more than may well be said with modestie say farder of my selfe than this Treatise can beare witnes of Howbeit I refer not this successe wholie vnto my purpose about this Description but rather giue notice thereof to come to passe in the penning of my Chronologie whose crums as it were fell out verie well in the framing of this Pamphlet In the processe therefore of this Booke if your Honor regard the substance of that which is here declared I must needs confesse that it is none of mine owne but if your Lordship haue consideration of the barbarous composition shewed herein that I may boldlie claime and challenge for mine owne sith there is no man of any so slender skill that will defraud me of that reproch which is due vnto me for the meere negligence disorder and euill disposition of matter comprehended in the same Certes I protest before God and your Honour that I neuer made any choise of stile or words neither regarded to handle this Treatise in such precise order and method as manie other would haue done thinking it sufficient truelie and plainelie to set foorth such things as I minded to intreat of rather than with vaine affectation of eloquence to paint out a rotten sepulchre a thing neither commendable in a writer nor profitable to the reader How other affaires troubled me in the writing hereof manie know and peraduenture the flacknesse shewed herein can better testifie but howsoeuer it be done whatsoeuer I haue done I haue had an especiall eye vnto the truth of things and for the rest I hope that this foule frizeled Treatise of mine will prooue a spur to others better learned more skilfull in Chorographie and of greater iudgement in choise of matter to handle the selfe same argument if in my life time I doo not peruse it againe It is possible also that your Honour will mislike hereof for that I haue not by mine owne trauell and eysight viewed such things as I doo here intreat of In deed I must needs confesse that vntill now of late except it were from the parish where I dwell vnto your Honour in Kent or out of London where I was borne vnto Oxford Cambridge where I haue bene brought vp I neuer trauelled 40. miles foorthright and at one iourney in all my life neuerthelesse in my report of these things I vse their authorities who either haue performed in their persons or left in writing vpon sufficient ground as I said before whatsoeuer is wanting in mine It may be in like sort that your Honour will take offense at my rash and retchlesse behauiour vsed in the composition of this volume and much more that being scambled vp after this maner I dare presume to make tendour of the protection therof vnto your Lordships hands But when I consider the singular affection that your

Oswy Egfrid Alfrid Osred Kinred Osrijc Kilwulf Edbert Offulse Ethelwold Elred Ethelred Alswold Osred Ethelred Osbald Eardulf Aldeswold Eandred Edelred Redwulf Edelred againe Osbright Ecbert Ricisiuus a Dane Ecbert againe ¶ Alfride king of the westsaxons subdueth this kingdome in the 878. after our sauiour Christ and 33. after Ida. Deira 7. ¶ Ella brother to Adda is ouer the south Humbers whose kingdome reched from Humber to the These in the 590. after the incarnation of Iesus Christ our sauiour ELla Edwijn Athelbright Edwijn againe Osrijc Oswald Oswijn ¶ Of all the kingdomes of the Saxons this of Deira which grew by the diuision of the kingdome of the Northumbers betwéene the sons of Ida was of the smallest continuance it was vnited to the Northumbers wherof it had bene I saie in time past a member by Oswijn in the 91. after Ella when he had most traitorouslie slaine his brother Oswijn in the yéer of the world 4618. or 651. after the comming of Christ and conteined that countrie which we now call the bishoprike Estanglia 8. ¶ Offa or Vffa erecteth a kingdome ouer the Estangles or Offlings in the 561. after the natiuitie of Christ and 114. after the deliuerie of Britaine OFfa Titellius Redwaldus Corpenwaldus The seat void Sigebert Egricus Anna. Adeler Ethelwold Adwulf Beorne Ethelred Ethelbert ¶ Offa of Mercia killeth Ethelbert and vniteth Estanglia vnto his owne kingdome in the 793. of Christ after it had continued in the posteritie of Offa by the space of 228. yéers and yet of that short space it enioyed onelie 35. in libertie the rest being vnder the tribute of the king of Mercia aforesaid Mercia 9. ¶ Creodda beginneth his kingdome of Mercia in the 585. of our sauiour Christ and 138. after the captiuitie of Briteine ended CReodda Wibba Cherlus Penda Oswy Weada Wulferus Ethelred Kinred or Kindred The seat void Kilred Ethebald Beorred Offa. Egferth Kinwulf Kenelme Kilwulf Bernulf Ludicane Willaf Ecbert Willaf againe Bertulf Butred Kilwulf ¶ Alfride vniteth the kingdome of Mercia to that of the westsaxons in the 291. after Creodda before Alfred the Dane had gotten hold thereof and placed one Clcolulphus therein but he was soone expelled and the kingdome ioyned to the other afore rehearsed The succession of the kings of England from William bastard vnto the first of Queene ELIZABETH WIlliam the first William his sonne Henrie 1. Stephen Henrie 2. Richard 1. Iohn Henrie 3. Edward 1. aliàs 4. Edward 2. Edward 3. Richard 2. Henrie 4. Henrie 5. Henrie 6. Edward 4. aliàs 7. Edward 5. Richard 3. Henrie 7. Henrie 8. Edward 6. Marie his sister Elizabeth ¶ Thus haue I brought the Catalog of the Princes of Britaine vnto an end that in more plaine and certeine order than hath béene done hertofore by anie For though in their regions since the conquest few men haue erred that haue vsed any diligence yet in the times before the same fewer haue gone any thing néere the truth through great ouersight negligence Their seuerall yéeres also doo appéere in my Chronologie insuing Of the ancient religion vsed in Albion Cap. 9. IT is not to be doubted but at the first and so long as the posteritie of Iaphet onelie reigned in this Iland that the true knowledge and forme of religion brought in by Samothes and published with his lawes in the second of his arriuall was exercised among the Britans And although peraduenture in proces of time either through curiositie or negligence the onelie corruptors of true pietie and godlinesse it might a little decaie yet when it was at the woorst it farre excéeded the best of that which afterward came in with Albion and his Chemminites as may be gathered by view of the superstitious rites which Cham and his successours did plant in other countries yet to be found in authors What other learning Magus the sonne of Samothes taught after his fathers death when he also came to the kingdome beside this which concerned the true honoring of God I cannot easilie say but that it should be naturall philosophie and astrologie whereby his disciples gathered a kind of foreknowledge of things to come the verie vse of the word Magus or Magusaeus among the Persians dooth yéeld no vncerteine testimonie In like maner it should seeme that Sarron sonne vnto the said Magus diligentlie followed the steps of his father and thereto beside his owne practise of teaching opened schooles of learning in sundrie places both among the Celts and Britans whereby such as were his auditors grew to be called Sarronides notwithstanding that as well the Sarronides as the Magi and Druiydes were generallie called Samothei or Semnothei of Samothes still among the Grecians as Aristotle in his De magia dooth confesse and furthermore calling them Galles he addeth therevnto that they first brought the knowledge of letters and good learning vnto the Gréekes Druiyus the son of Sarron as a scholer of his fathers owne teaching séemed to be exquisit in all things that perteined vnto the diuine and humane knowledge and therefore I may safelie pronounce that he excelled not onlie in the skill of philosophie and the quadriuials but also in the true Theologie whereby the right seruice of God was kept and preserued in puritie He wrote moreouer sundrie precepts and rules of religious doctrine which among the Celts were reserued verie religiouslie and had in great estimation of such as sought vnto them How and in what order this prince left the state of religion I meane touching publike orders in administration of particular rites and ceremonies as yet I doo not read howbeit this is most certeine that after he died the puritie of his doctrine began somewhat to decaie For such is mans nature that it will not suffer any good thing long to remaine as it is left but either by addition or subtraction of this or that to or from the same so to chop and change withall from time to time that in the end there is nothing of more difficultie for such as doo come after them than to find out the puritie of the originall and restore the same againe vnto the former perfection In the beginning this Druiyus did preach vnto his hearers that the soule of man is immortall that God is omnipotent mercifull as a father in shewing fauor vnto the godlie and iust as an vpright iudge in punishing the wicked that the secrets of mans hart are not vnknowne and onelie knowne to him and that as the world and all that is therein had their beginning by him at his owne will so shall all things likewise haue an end when he shall see his time He taught them also with more facilitie how to obserue the courses of the heauens and motions of the planets by arithmeticall industrie to find out the true quantities of the celestiall bodies by geometricall demonstration and thereto the compasse of the earth and hidden natures of things contained in the same by

Scotland which could not be now for anie earledome did homage to the sonne of Henrie the second with a reseruation of the dutie to king Henrie the second his father Also the earledome of Huntingdon was as ye haue heard before this forfeited by Malcolme his brother and neuer after restored to the crowne of Scotland This William did afterward attend vpon the same Henrie the second in his warres in Normandie against the French king notwithstanding their French league and then being licenced to depart home in the tenth of this prince and vpon the fiftéenth of Februarie he returned and vpon the sixtéenth of October did homage to him for the realme of Scotland In token also of his perpetuall subiection to the crowne of England he offered vp his cloake his faddle and his speare at the high altar in Yorke wherevpon he was permitted to depart home into Scotland where immediatlie he mooued cruell warre in Northumberland against the same king Henrie being as yet in Normandie But God tooke the defense of king Henries part and deliuered the same William king of Scots into the hands of a few Englishmen who brought him prisoner to king Henrie into Normandie in the twentith yeere of his reigne But at the last at the sute of Dauid his brother Richard bishop of saint Andrews and other bishops and lords he was put to this fine for the amendment of his trespasse to wit to paie ten thousand pounds sterling and to surrender all his title to the earldome of Huntingdon Cumberland Northumberland into the hands of king Henrie which he did in all things accordinglie sealing his charters thereof with the great seale of Scotland and signets of his nobilitie yet to be seene wherein it was also comprised that he and his successours should hold the realme of Scotland of the king of England and his successours for euer And herevpon he once againe did homage to the same king Henrie which now could not be for the earledome of Huntingdon the right whereof was alreadie by him surrendred And for the better assurance of this faith also the strengths of Berwike Edenborough Roxborough and Striueling were deliuered into the hands of our king Henrie of England which their owne writers confesse But Hector Boetius saith that this trespasse was amended by fine of twentie thousand pounds sterling and that the erledome of Huntingdon Cumberland and Northumberland were deliuered as morgage into the hands of king Henrie vntill other ten thousand pounds sterling should be to him paid which is so farre from truth as Hector was while he liued from well meaning to our countrie But if we grant that it is true yet prooueth he not that the monie was paid nor the land otherwise redéemed or euer after came to anie Scotish kings hands And thus it appeareth that the earledome of Huntingdon was neuer occasion of the homages of the Scotish kings to the kings of England either before this time or after This was doone 1175. Moreouer I read this note hereof gathered out of Robertus Montanus or Montensis that liued in those daies and was as I take it confessor to king Henrie The king of Scots dooth homage to king Henrie for the kingdome of Scotland and is sent home againe his bishops also did promise to doo the like to the archbishop of Yorke and to acknowledge themselues to be of his prouince and iurisdiction By vertue also of this composition the said Robert saith that Rex Angliae dabat honores episcopatus abbatias alias dignitates in Scotia vel saltem eius consilio dabantur that is The king of England gaue honors bishopriks abbatships and other dignities in Scotland or at the leastwise they were not giuen without his aduise and counsell At this time Alexander bishop of Rome supposed to haue generall iurisdiction ecclesiasticall through christendome established the whole cleargie of Scotland according to the old lawes vnder the iurisdiction of the archbishop of Yorke In the yeare of our Lord 1185 in the moneth of August at Cairleill Rouland Talmant lord of Galwaie did homage and fealtie to the said king Henrie with all that held of him In the two and twentith yeare of the reigne of king Henrie the second Gilbert sonne of Ferguse prince of Galwaie did homage and fealtie to the said king Henrie and left Dunecan his sonne in hostage for conseruation of his peace Richard surnamed Coeur de Lion because of his stoutnesse and sonne of this Henrie was next king of England to whome the same William king of Scots did homage at Canturburie for the whole kingdome of Scotland This king Richard was taken prisoner by the duke of Ostrich for whose redemption the whole realme was taxed at great summes of monie vnto the which this William king of Scots as a subiect was contributorie and paied two thousand markes sterling In the yeare of our Lord 1199 Iohn king of England sent to William king of Scots to come and doo his homage which William came to Lincolne in the moneth of December the same yeare and did his homage vpon an hill in the presence of Hubert archbishop of Canturburie and of all the people there assembled and therevnto tooke his oth and was sworne vpon the crosse of the said Hubert also he granted by his charter confirmed that he should haue the mariage of Alexander his sonne as his liegeman alwaies to hold of the king of England promising moreouer that he the said king William and his sonne Alexander should keepe and hold faith and allegiance to Henrie sonne of the said king Iohn as to their chiefe lord against all maner of men that might liue and die Also whereas William king of Scots had put Iohn bishop of saint Andrew out of his bishoprike pope Clement wrote to Henrie king of England that he should mooue and induce the same William and if néed required by his roiall power and prerogatiue ouer that nation to compell him to leaue his rancor against the said bishop and suffer him to haue and occupie his said bishoprike againe In the yeare of our Lord 1216 and fiue twentith of the reigne of Henrie sonne to king Iohn the same Henrie and the quéene were at Yorke at the feast of Christmasse for the solemnization of a marriage made in the feast of saint Stephan the martyr the same yeare betwéene Alexander king of Scots and Margaret the kings daughter and there the said Alexander did homage to Henrie king of England for all the realme of Scotland In buls of diuerse popes were admonitions giuen to the kings of Scots as appeareth by that of Gregorie the fift and Clement his successor that they should obserue and trulie kéepe all such appointments as had béene made betwéene the kings of England and Scotland And that the kings of Scotland should still hold the realme of Scotland of the kings of England vpon paine of cursse and interdiction After the death of Alexander king of Scots Alexander his sonne

the diuels vtterlie remoued the manifest truth of thy true iudgement may be reuealed by the same Lord Iesus c. After this let the iron be laid into the fire and sprinkled with holie water and whilest it heateth let the priest go to masse and doo as order requireth and when he hath receiued the host he shall call the man that is to be purged as it is written hereafter first adiuring him and then permitting him to communicate according to the maner The office of the masse Iustus es Domine c. O Lord thou art iust c. The Praier ABsolue quaesumus Domine delicta famuli tui vt à peccatorum suorum nexibus quae pro sua fragilitate contraxit tua benignitate liberetur in hoc iudicio quoad meruit iustitia tua praeueniente ad veritatis censuram peruenire mereatur per Christum Dominum c. That is Pardon we beséech thée O Lord the sinnes of thy seruant that being deliuered from the burden of his offenses wherewith he is intangled he may be cleared by thy benignitie and in this his triall so far as he hath deserued thy mercie preuenting him he may come to the knowledge of the truth by Christ our Lord c. The Gospell Mar. 10. IN illo tempore cùm egressus esset Iesus in via procurrens quidam genuflexo ante eum rogabat eum dicens Magister bone quid faciam vt vitam aeternam percipiam Iesus autem dixit ei Quid me dicis bonum c. In those daies when Iesus went foorth toward his iourneie and one méeting him in the waie running and knéeling vnto him asked him saieng Good master what shall I doo that I may possesse eternall life Iesus said vnto him Whie callest thou me good c. Then followeth the secret and so foorth all of the rest of the masse But before the partie dooth communicate the priest shall vse these words vnto him Adiuro te per patrem filium spiritum sanctum per veram christianitatem quam suscepisti per sanctas relliquias quae in ista ecclesia sunt per baptismum quo te sacerdos regenerauit vt non praesumas vllo modo communicare neque accedere ad altare si hoc fecisti aut consensisti c. I adiure thée by the father the sonne and the holie Ghost by the true christendome which thou hast receiued by the holie relikes which are in this church and by the baptisme wherewith the priest hath regenerated thée that thou presume not by any maner of means to communicate nor come about the altar if thou hast doone or consented vnto this whereof thou art accnsed c. Here let the priest suffer him to communicate saieng Corpus hoc sanguis Domini nostri Iesu Christi sit tibi ad probationem hodie This bodie this bloud of our Lord Iesus Christ be vnto thee a triall this daie The praier Perceptis Domine Deus noster sacris muneribus supplices deprecamur vt huius participatio sacramenti à proprijs nos reatibus expediat in famulo tuo veritatis sententiam declaret c. Hauing receiued O Lord God these holie mysteries we humblie beséech thée that the participation of this sacrament may rid vs of our guiltinesse and in this thy seruant set foorth the truth Then shall follow Kyrieleson the Letanie and certeine Psalmes and after all them Oremus Let vs praie Deus qui per ignem signa magna ostendens Abraham puerum tuum de incendio Chaldaeorum quibusdam pereuntibus eruisti Deus qui rubum ardere ante conspectum Mosis minimè comburi permisisti Deus qui de incendio fornacis Chaldaicis plerísque succensis tres pueros tuos illaesos eduxisti Deus qui incendio ignis populum Sodomae inuoluens Loth famulum tuum cum suis salute donasti Deus qui in aduentu sancti spiritus tui illustratione ignis fideles tuos ab infidelibus decreuisti ostende nobis in hoc prauitatis nostrae examine virtutem eiusdem spiritus c per ignis huius feruorem discernere infideles vt à tactu eìus cuius inquisitio agitur conscius ex orrescat manus eius comburatur innocens verò poenitus illaesus permaneat c. Deus cuius noticiam nulla vnquam secreta effugiunt fidei nostrae tua bonitate responde praesta vt quisquis purgandi se gratia hoc ignitum tulerit ferrum vel absoluatur vt innocens vel noxius detegatur c. In English thus O God which in shewing great tokens by fire diddest deliuer Abraham thy seruant from the burning of the Chaldeis whilest other perished O God which sufferedst the bush to burne in the sight of Moses and yet not to consume O God which deliueredst the thrée children from bodilie harme in the fornace of the Chaldeis whilest diuerse were consumed O God which by fire didst wrap the people of Sodome in their destruction and yet sauedst Lot and his daughters from perill O God which by the shining of thy brightnesse at the comming of the holie ghost in likenesse of fire diddest separate the faithfull from such as beléeued not shew vnto vs in the triall of this our wickednesse the power of the same spirit c and by the heat of this fire discerne the faithfull from the vnfaithfull that the guiltie whose cause is now in triall by touching thereof may tremble and feare and his hand be burned or being innocent that he may remaine in safetie c. O God from whom no secrets are hidden let thy goodnesse answer to our faith and grant that whosoeuer in this purgation shall touch and beare this iron may either be tried an innocent or reuealed as an offendor c. After this the priest shall sprinkle the iron with holie water saieng The blessing of God the father the sonne and the holie ghost be vpon this iron to the reuelation of the iust iudgement of God And foorthwith let him that is accused beare it by the length of nine foot and then let his hand be wrapped and sealed vp for the space of three daies after this if any corruption or raw flesh appeare where the iron touched it let him be condemned as guiltie if it be whole and sound let him giue thanks to God And thus much of the firie Ordalia wherevnto that of the water hath so precise relation that in setting foorth of the one I haue also described the other wherefore it shall be but in vaine to deale anie further withall Hitherto also as I thinke sufficientlie of such lawes as were in vse before the conquest Now it resteth that I should declare the order of those that haue beene made and receiued since the comming of the Normans referred to the eight alteration or change of our maner of gouernance and therevnto doo produce thrée score and foure seuerall courts But for asmuch as I am no lawier and therefore haue

thine enimies Here with when Edwin said that he would gladlie giue all that in him might lie to such a one in reward The other said What wouldst thou giue then if he should promise in good sooth that all thine enimies being destroied thou shouldest be king and that thou shouldest passe in power all the kings which haue reigned in the English nation before thy time Edwin being better come to himselfe by such demandes did not sticke to promise that he would requite his friendship with woorthie thanks Then replied he to his words and said If he that shall prophesie to thée this good hap to come shall also be able to informe thee in such counsell for thy health and life as neuer anie of thy forefathers or kinsfolke yet haue heard wouldest thou obey him and also consent to receiue his wholesome aduertisement Wherevnto without further deliberation Edwin promised that he would in all points follow the instruction of him that should deliuer him out of so manie and great calamities and bring him to the rule of a kingdome Which answere being got this person that thus talked with him laid his hand vpon his head saieng When this therefore shall chance to thée be not forgetfull of this time nor of this communication and those things that thou now dooest promise sée thou performe And therewith he vanished awaie So that Edwin might well perceiue it was no man but a vision that thus had appeared vnto him ¶ This vnaccustomed course it pleased God to vse for the conuersion of the king to whose example it was no doubt but the people and inferiour sort would generallie be conformed who otherwise had continued in paganisme and blind ignorance both of Gods truth and true christianitie And it maie be that there was in him as in other kings his predecessors a settled perswasion in gentilish error so that neither by admonition nor preaching though the same had procéeded from the mouth of one allotted to that ministrie he was to be reuoked from the infidelitie and misbeléefe wherein he was nuzzeled and trained vp For it is the nature of all men to be addicted to the obseruation of such rites and customes as haue béene established and left in force by their progenitors and sooner to stand vnto a desire and earnest purpose of adding somewhat to their elders corrupt constitutions and irreligious course of conuersation than to be inclinable to anie article or point tending to innouatition so inflexible is the posteritie to swarue from the traditions of antiquitie stand the same vpon neuer so grosse and palpable absurdities Edwin still reioising in the foresaid comfortable talke but thoughtfull in mind what he should be or from whence he came that had talked in this sort with him behold his friend returned that first had brought him foorth of his chamber and declared vnto him good newes how the king by perswasion of the quéene had altered his determination and minded to mainteine his quarell to the vttermost of his power and so he did in déed For with all diligence he raised an armie and went against Ethelfrid vanquished him in battell and placed Edwin in the kingdome as before ye haue heard King Edwin is put in mind of his vision by Pauline who sawe the same in spirit he is licenced to preach the gospell bishop Coifi destroieth the idols Edwin and his people receiue the christian faith his two sonnes Osfride and Eadfride become conuerts Redwald king of the Eastangles is baptised he serueth God and the diuell Sibert receiueth the faith Felix bishop of Burgongne commeth ouer to Honorius archbishop of Canturburie he preacheth to the Eastangles the Northumbers and Lincolnshiremen are conuerted manie are baptised in the riuer of Trent king Edwins iustice how effectuall and commendable his care for the common-wealth his prouidence for the refection of trauellers pope Honorius confirmeth Pauline archbishop of Yorke the tenor of his letters touching the mutuall election of the archbishop of Canturburie and Yorke if either of them happened to suruiue other his letters to the Scots touching the keeping of Easter and auoiding the Pelagian heresie Cadwallo king of Britaine rebelleth against Edwin Penda king of Mercia enuieth his good estate Cadwallo and Penda inuade Northumberland Edwin and his sonne Osfride are slaine Penda putteth his other sonne Eadfride cruellie to death The xxvj Chapter NOtwithstanding the former vision king Edwin deferred time yer he would receiue the christian faith in somuch that Pauline vpon a daie came vnto him as he sat musing what he were best to doo and laid his hand vpon his head asking him if he knew that signe Whereat when the king would haue fallen downe at his féet he lifted him vp and as it were in familiar wise thus said vnto him Behold by the assistance of Gods fauour thou hast escaped the hands of thine enimies whome thou stoodst in feare of behold through his bountious liberalitie thou hast obteined the kingdome which thou diddest desire remember then that thou delaie no time to performe the third thing that thou diddest promise in receiuing his faith and kéeping his commandements which deliuering thée from worldlie aduersities hath thus aduanced thée to the honor of a king and if from henceforth thou wilt obey his will which by my mouth hée setteth and preacheth to thée and others he will deliuer thée from euerlasting torments and make thée partaker with him in his celestiall kingdome It is to be thought that the vision which the king had in times past receiued was in spirit reuealed vnto Pauline wherevpon without delaie of time he put him in remembrance of it in maner as aboue is mentioned The king hauing heard his words answered that he would and ought to receiue the faith which he taught but first he would conferre with his nobles and if they would agrée to doo the like then would they be baptised altogither at one time Pauline satisfied herewith Edwin did as he had promised calling togither the wisest men of his realme and of them asked the question what they thought of this diuinitie which was preached vnto them by Pauline vnto whome his chiefe bishop named Coifi incontinentlie made this answer that Suerlie the religion which they had hicherto followed was nothing worth For saith he there is none of thy people that hath more reuerentlie woorshipped our gods than I haue doone and yet be there manie that haue receiued far greater benefits at thy hands than I haue doone and therefore if our gods were of anie power then would they rather helpe me to high honor and dignitie than others Therefore if it maie be found that this new religion is better more auailable than our old let vs with spéed imbrace the same Finallie when other of the kings councell men of high authoritie gaue their consents that this doctrine which Pauline taught ought to be receiued if therein appeered more certeintie of saluation than could be found in the other

somnesse of life by death diuide Iam post transactos regni vitaeque labores Now after labours past of realme and lie which he did spend Christus ei fit vera quies sceptrúmque perenne Christ is ●o him true quietnesse and scepter void of end In the daies of the foresaid king Alured the kingdome of Mercia tooke end For after that the Danes had expelled king Burthred when he had reigned 22 yeares he went to Rome and there died his wife also Ethelswida the daughter of king Athulfe that was sonne to king Egbert followed him and died in Pauia in Lumbardie The Danes hauing got the countrie into their possession made one Cewulfe K. thereof whome they bound with an oth and deliuerie of pledges that he should not longer kéepe the state with their pleasure and further should be readie at all times to aid them with such power as he should be able to make This Cewulfe was the seruant of king Burthred Within foure yeares after the Danes returned and tooke one part of that kingdome into their owne hands and left the residue vnto Cewulfe But within a few yeares after king Alured obteined that part of Mercia which Cewulfe ruled as he did all the rest of this land except those parcels which the Danes held as Northumberland the countries of the Eastangles some part of Mercia and other The yeare in the which king Alured thus obteined all the dominion of that part of Mercia which Cewulfe had in gouernance was after the birth of our Sauiour 886 so that the foresaid kingdome continued the space of 302 yeares vnder 22 kings from Crida to this last Cewulfe But there he that account the continuance of this kingdome onelie from the beginning of Penda vnto the last yeare of Burthred by which reckoning it stood not past 270 yeares vnder 18 or rather 17 kings counting the last Cewulfe for none who began his reigne vnder the subiection of the Danes about the yeare of our Lord 874 where Penda began his reigne 604. The Eastangles and the Northumbers in these daies were vnder subiection of the Danes as partlie may be perceiued by that which before is rehearsed After Guthrun that gouerned the Eastangles by the terme of 12 yeares one Edhirike or Edrike had the rule in those parts a Dane also and reigned 14 yeares and was at length bereued of his gouernement by king Edward the sonne of king Alured as after shall appeare But now although that the Northumbers were brought greatlie vnder foo● by the Danes yet could they not forget their old accustomed maner to stirre tumults and rebellion against their gouernours insomuch that in the yeare 872 they expelled not onelie Egbert whome the Danes had appointed king ouer one part of the countrie as before you haue heard but also their archbishop Wilfehere In the yeare following the same Egbert departed this life after whome one Rigsig or Ricsige succéeded as king and the archbishop Wolfehere was restored home In the same yeare the armie of Danes which had wintered at London came from thence into Northumberland and wintered in Lindseie at a place called Torkseie and went the next yeare into Mercia And in the yeare 975 a part of them returned into Northumberland as before ye haue heard In the yeare following Ricsig the king of Northumberland departed this life after whome an other Egbert succéeded And in the yeare 983 the armie of the Danes meaning to inhabit in Northumberland and to settle themselues there chose Guthrid the sonne of one Hardicnute to their king whome they had sometime sold to a certeine widow at Witingham But now by the abuise of an abbat called Aldred they redéemed his libertie and ordeined him king to rule both Danes and Englishmen in that countrie It was said that the same Aldred being abbat of holie Iland was warned in a vision by S. Cuthberd to giue counsell both to the Danes and Englishmen to make the same Guthrid king This chanced about the 13 yeare of the reigne of Alured king of Westsaxons When Guthrid was established king he caused the bishops sée to be remoued from holie Iland vnto Chester in the stréet and for an augmentation of the reuenues and iurisdiction belonging thereto he assigned and gaue vnto saint Cuthbert all that countrie which lieth betwixt the riuers of Teise and Tine ¶ Which christian act of the king liuing in a time of palpable blindnesse and mistie superstition may notwithstanding be a light to the great men and péeres of this age who pretend religion with zeale and professe in shew the truth with feruencie not to impouerish the patrimonie of the church to inrich themselues and their posteritie not to pull from bishoprikes their ancient reuenues to make their owne greater not to alienate ecclesiasticall liuings into temporall commodities not to seeke the conuersion of college lands into their priuat possessions not to intend the subuersion of cathedrall churches to fill their owne cofers not to ferret out concealed lands for the supporte of their owne priuat lordlines not to destroy whole towneships for the erection of one statelie manour not to take and pale in the commons to inlarge their seueralles but like good and gratious common-wealth-men in all things to preferre the peoples publike profit before their owne gaine and glorie before their owne pompe and pleasure before the satisfieng of their owne inordinate desires Moreouer this priuiledge was granted vnto saint Cuthberts shrine that whosouer fled vnto the same for succour and safegard should not be touched or troubled in anie wise for the space of thirtie seuen daies And this fréedome was confirmed not onelie by king Guthrid but also by king Alured Finallie king Guthrid departed this life in the yeare of our Lord 894 after he had ruled the Northumbers with much crueltie as some say by the terme of a 11 yeares or somewhat more He is named by some writers Gurmond and also Gurmo thought to be the same whome king Alured caused to be baptised Whereas other affirme that Guthrid who ruled the Eastangles was he that Alured receiued at the fontstone William Malmesburie taketh them to be but one man which is not like to be true After this Guthrid or Gurmo his sonne Sithrike succeeded and after him other of that line till king Adelstane depriued them of the dominion and tooke it into his owne hands Edward succeedeth his father Alured in regiment he is disquieted by his brother Adelwold a man of a defiled life he flieth to the Danes and is of them receiued king Edwards prouision against the irruptions and forraies of the Danes Adelwold with a nauie of Danes entreth Eastangles the Essex men submit themselues he inuadeth Mercia and maketh great wast the Kentishmens disobedience preiudiciall to themselues they and the Danes haue a great conflict king Edward concludeth a truce with them he maketh a great slaughter