in_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n themselves_o without_o reflect_v on_o the_o name_n but_o when_o we_o will_v consider_v or_o make_v proposition_n about_o the_o more_o complex_fw-la idea_n as_o of_o a_o man_n vitriol_n fortitude_n glory_n we_o usual_o put_v the_o name_n for_o the_o idea_n because_o the_o idea_n these_o name_n stand_v for_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n imperfect_a confuse_a and_o undetermined_a we_o reflect_v on_o the_o name_n themselves_o because_o they_o be_v more_o clear_a certain_a and_o distinct_a and_o ready_a occur_v to_o our_o thought_n than_o the_o pure_a idea_n and_o so_o we_o make_v use_v of_o these_o word_n instead_o of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o even_o when_o we_o will_v meditate_v and_o reason_n within_o ourselves_o and_o make_v tacit_n mental_a proposition_n in_o substance_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v this_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o imperfection_n of_o our_o idea_n we_o make_v the_o name_n stand_v for_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o which_o we_o have_v no_o idea_n at_o all_o in_o modes_n it_o be_v occasion_v by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o go_v to_o the_o make_v they_o up_o for_o many_o of_o they_o be_v very_o much_o compound_v the_o name_n occurr_n much_o easy_a than_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n itself_o which_o require_v time_n and_o attention_n to_o be_v recollect_v and_o exact_o represent_v to_o the_o mind_n even_o in_o those_o man_n who_o have_v former_o be_v at_o the_o pain_n to_o do_v it_o and_o be_v utter_o impossible_a to_o be_v do_v by_o those_o who_o though_o they_o have_v ready_a in_o their_o memory_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o common_a word_n of_o their_o language_n yet_o perhaps_o never_o trouble_v themselves_o in_o all_o their_o life_n to_o consider_v what_o precise_a idea_n the_o most_o of_o they_o stand_v for_o some_o confuse_a or_o obscure_a notion_n have_v serve_v their_o turn_n and_o many_o who_o talk_v very_o much_o of_o religion_n and_o conscience_n of_o church_n and_o faith_n of_o power_n and_o right_n of_o obstruction_n and_o humour_n melancholy_a and_o choler_n will_v perhaps_o have_v little_o leave_v in_o their_o thought_n and_o meditation_n if_o one_o shall_v desire_v they_o to_o think_v only_o of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o lay_v by_o those_o word_n with_o which_o they_o so_o often_o confound_v other_o and_o not_o seldom_o themselves_o also_o §_o 5._o but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o truth_n we_o must_v i_o say_v observe_v two_o sort_n of_o proposition_n that_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o make_v first_o mental_a wherein_o the_o idea_n in_o our_o understanding_n be_v without_o the_o use_n of_o word_n put_v together_o or_o separate_v by_o the_o mind_n perceive_v or_o judge_v of_o their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n second_o verbal_a proposition_n which_o be_v word_n the_o sign_n of_o our_o idea_n put_v together_o or_o separate_v in_o affirmative_a or_o negative_a sentence_n by_o which_o way_n of_o affirm_v or_o deny_v these_o sign_n make_v by_o sound_n be_v as_o it_o be_v put_v together_o or_o separate_a one_o from_o another_o so_o that_o proposition_n consist_v in_o join_v or_o separate_a sign_n and_o truth_n consist_v in_o the_o put_n together_o or_o separate_v these_o sign_n according_a as_o the_o thing_n they_o stand_v for_o agree_v or_o disagree_v §_o 6._o every_o one_o experience_n will_v satisfy_v he_o that_o the_o mind_n either_o by_o perceive_v or_o suppose_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o its_o idea_n do_v tacit_o within_o itself_o put_v they_o into_o a_o kind_n of_o proposition_n affirmative_a or_o negative_a which_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o express_v by_o the_o term_n put_v together_o and_o separate_a but_o this_o action_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v so_o familiar_a to_o every_o think_v and_o reason_v man_n be_v easy_a to_o be_v conceive_v by_o reflect_v on_o what_o pass_v in_o we_o when_o we_o reason_n judge_n or_o suppose_v than_o to_o be_v explain_v by_o word_n when_o a_o man_n have_v in_o his_o mind_n the_o idea_n of_o two_o line_n viz._n the_o side_n and_o diagonal_a of_o a_o square_a whereof_o the_o diagonal_a be_v a_o inch_n long_o he_o may_v have_v the_o idea_n also_o of_o the_o division_n of_o that_o line_n into_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o equal_a part_n v_o g._n into_o five_o ten_o a_o hundred_o a_o thousand_o or_o any_o other_o number_n and_o may_v have_v the_o idea_n of_o that_o inch-line_n be_v divisible_a or_o not_o divisible_a into_o such_o equal_a part_n as_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o they_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o side-line_n now_o whenever_o he_o perceive_v believe_v or_o suppose_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o divisibility_n to_o agree_v or_o disagree_v to_o his_o idea_n of_o that_o line_n he_o as_o it_o be_v joins_z or_o separate_v those_o two_o idea_n viz._n the_o idea_n of_o that_o line_n and_o the_o idea_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o divisibility_n and_o so_o make_v a_o mental_a proposition_n which_o be_v true_a or_o false_a according_a as_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o divisibility_n a_o divisibility_n into_o such_o aliquot_fw-la part_n do_v real_o agree_v to_o that_o line_n or_o no_o and_o when_o idea_n be_v so_o put_v together_o or_o separate_v in_o the_o mind_n as_o they_o or_o the_o thing_n they_o stand_v for_o do_v agree_v or_o not_o that_o be_v as_o i_o may_v call_v it_o mental_a truth_n but_o truth_n of_o word_n be_v something_o more_o and_o that_o be_v the_o affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o word_n one_o of_o another_o as_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o agree_v or_o disagree_v and_o this_o again_o be_v be_v twofold_a either_o pure_o verbal_a and_o trifle_v which_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o chap._n 10._o or_o real_a and_o instructive_a which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o that_o real_a knowledge_n which_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o already_o §_o 7._o but_o here_o again_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o occur_v the_o same_o doubt_n about_o truth_n that_o do_v about_o knowledge_n and_o it_o will_v be_v object_v that_o if_o truth_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o join_n or_o separate_n of_o word_n in_o proposition_n as_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o agree_v or_o disagree_v in_o man_n mind_n the_o knowledge_n of_o truth_n be_v not_o so_o valuable_a a_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v nor_o worth_a the_o pain_n and_o time_n man_n employ_v in_o the_o search_n of_o it_o since_o by_o this_o account_n it_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o the_o conformity_n of_o word_n to_o the_o chimera_n of_o man_n brain_n who_o know_v not_o what_o odd_a notion_n many_o man_n head_n be_v fill_v with_o and_o what_o strange_a idea_n all_o man_n brain_n be_v capable_a of_o but_o if_o we_o rest_v here_o we_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o nothing_o by_o this_o rule_n but_o of_o the_o visionary_a world_n in_o our_o own_o imagination_n nor_o have_v other_o truth_n but_o what_o as_o much_o concern_v harpy_n and_o centaur_n as_o man_n and_o horse_n for_o those_o and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v idea_n in_o our_o head_n and_o have_v their_o agreement_n and_o disagreement_n there_o as_o well_o as_o the_o idea_n of_o real_a being_n and_o so_o have_v as_o true_a proposition_n make_v about_o they_o and_o it_o will_v be_v altogether_o as_o true_a a_o proposition_n to_o say_v all_o centauri_n be_v animal_n as_o that_o all_o man_n be_v animal_n and_o the_o certainty_n of_o one_o as_o great_a as_o the_o other_o for_o in_o both_o the_o proposition_n the_o word_n be_v put_v together_o according_a to_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o animal_n with_o that_o of_o centaur_n be_v as_o clear_v and_o visible_a to_o the_o mind_n as_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o idea_n of_o animal_n with_o that_o of_o man_n and_o so_o these_o two_o proposition_n be_v equal_o true_a equal_o certain_a but_o of_o what_o use_n be_v all_o such_o truth_n to_o we_o §_o 8._o though_o what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n to_o distinguish_v real_a from_o imaginary_a knowledge_n may_v suffice_v here_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o doubt_n to_o distinguish_v real_a truth_n from_o chimerical_a or_o if_o you_o please_v bare_o nominal_a they_o depend_v both_o on_o the_o same_o foundation_n yet_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o again_o to_o consider_v that_o though_o our_o word_n signify_v nothing_o but_o our_o idea_n yet_o be_v design_v by_o they_o to_o signify_v thing_n the_o truth_n they_o contain_v when_o put_v into_o proposition_n will_v be_v only_o verbal_a when_o they_o stand_v for_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n that_o have_v not_o a_o agreement_n with_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n and_o therefore_o truth_n as_o well_o as_o knowledge_n may_v well_o come_v under_o the_o distinction_n of_o verbal_n and_o real_a that_o be_v only_o verbal_a truth_n
wherein_o term_n be_v join_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o without_o regard_v whether_o our_o idea_n be_v such_o as_o real_o have_v or_o be_v capable_a of_o have_v a_o exstence_n in_o nature_n but_o than_o it_o be_v they_o contain_v real_a truth_n when_o these_o sign_n be_v join_v as_o our_o idea_n agree_v and_o when_o our_o idea_n be_v such_o as_o we_o know_v be_v capable_a of_o have_v a_o existence_n in_o nature_n which_o in_o substance_n we_o can_v know_v but_o by_o know_v that_o such_o have_v exi_v §_o 9_o truth_n be_v the_o mark_v down_o in_o word_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n as_o it_o be_v falshood_n be_v the_o mark_v down_o in_o word_n the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v and_o so_o far_o as_o these_o idea_n thus_o mark_v by_o sound_n agree_v to_o their_o archetype_n so_o far_o only_o be_v the_o truth_n real_a the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o truth_n consist_v in_o know_v what_o idea_n the_o word_n stand_v for_o and_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o those_o idea_n according_a as_o it_o be_v mark_v by_o these_o word_n §_o 10._o but_o because_o word_n be_v look_v on_o as_o the_o great_a conduit_n of_o truth_n and_o knowledge_n and_o that_o in_o convey_v and_o receive_v of_o truth_n and_o common_o in_o reason_v about_o it_o we_o make_v use_v of_o word_n and_o proposition_n i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a inquire_v wherein_o the_o certainty_n of_o real_a truth_n contain_v in_o proposition_n consist_v and_o where_o it_o be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o endeavour_v to_o show_v in_o what_o sort_n of_o universal_a proposition_n we_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v certain_a of_o their_o real_a truth_n or_o falshood_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o general_a proposition_n as_o those_o which_o most_o employ_v our_o thought_n and_o exercise_v our_o contemplation_n general_a truth_n be_v most_o look_v after_o by_o the_o mind_n as_o those_o that_o most_o enlarge_v our_o knowledge_n and_o by_o their_o comprehensiveness_n satisfy_v we_o at_o once_o of_o many_o particular_n enlarge_v our_o view_n and_o shorten_v our_o way_n to_o knowledge_n §_o 11._o beside_o truth_n take_v in_o the_o strict_a sense_n beforementioned_a there_o be_v other_o sort_n of_o truth_n as_o 1._o moral_a truth_n which_o be_v speak_v thing_n according_a to_o the_o persuasion_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n though_o the_o proposition_n we_o speak_v agree_v not_o to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n 2._o metaphysical_a truth_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o real_a existence_n of_o thing_n conformable_a to_o the_o idea_n to_o which_o we_o have_v annex_v their_o name_n this_o though_o it_o seem_v to_o consist_v in_o the_o very_a being_n of_o thing_n yet_o when_o consider_v a_o little_a near_o will_v appear_v to_o include_v a_o tacit_n proposition_n whereby_o the_o mind_n join_v that_o particular_a thing_n to_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v before_o settle_v with_o a_o name_n to_o it_o but_o these_o consideration_n of_o truth_n either_o have_v be_v before_o take_v notice_n of_o or_o not_o be_v much_o to_o our_o present_a purpose_n it_o may_v suffice_v here_o only_o to_o have_v mention_v they_o chap._n vi_o of_o universal_a proposition_n their_o truth_n and_o certainty_n §_o 1._o though_o the_o examine_n and_o judge_v of_o idea_n by_o themselves_o their_o name_n be_v quite_o lay_v aside_o be_v the_o best_a and_o sure_a way_n to_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n yet_o through_o the_o prevail_a custom_n of_o use_v sound_n for_o idea_n i_o think_v it_o be_v very_o seldom_o practise_v and_o every_o one_o may_v observe_v how_o common_a it_o be_v for_o name_n to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o instead_o of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o even_o when_o man_n think_v and_o reason_n within_o their_o own_o breast_n especial_o if_o the_o idea_n be_v very_o complex_fw-la and_o make_v up_o of_o a_o great_a collection_n of_o simple_a one_o this_o make_v the_o consideration_n of_o word_n and_o proposition_n so_o necessary_a a_o part_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o speak_v intelligible_o of_o the_o one_o without_o explain_v the_o other_o §_o 2._o all_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v be_v only_o of_o particular_a or_o general_a truth_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o whatever_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o the_o latter_a which_o be_v that_o which_o with_o reason_n be_v most_o seek_v after_o can_v never_o be_v well_o make_v know_v and_o be_v very_o seldom_o apprehend_v but_o as_o conceive_v and_o express_v in_o word_n it_o be_v not_o therefore_o out_o of_o our_o way_n in_o the_o examination_n of_o our_o knowledge_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o truth_n and_o certainty_n of_o universal_a proposition_n §_o 3._o but_o that_o we_o may_v not_o be_v mislead_v in_o this_o case_n by_o that_o which_o be_v the_o danger_n everywhere_o i_o mean_v by_o the_o doubtfulness_n of_o term_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o observe_v that_o certainty_n be_v twofold_a certainty_n of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n of_o knowledge_n certainty_n of_o truth_n be_v when_o word_n be_v so_o put_v together_o in_o proposition_n as_o exact_o to_o express_v agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o as_o real_o it_o be_v certainty_n of_o knowledge_n be_v to_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n as_o express_v in_o any_o proposition_n this_o we_o usual_o call_v know_v or_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o proposition_n §_o 4._o now_o because_o we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o general_a proposition_n unless_o we_o know_v the_o precise_a bound_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o species_n its_o term_n stand_v for_o it_o be_v necessary_a we_o shall_v know_v the_o essence_n of_o each_o species_n which_o be_v that_o which_o constitute_v and_o bound_n it_o this_o in_o all_o simple_a idea_n and_o modes_n be_v not_o hard_a to_o do_v for_o in_o these_o the_o real_a and_o nominal_a essence_n be_v the_o same_o or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o the_o abstract_n idea_n the_o general_a term_n stand_v for_o be_v the_o sole_a essence_n and_o boundary_a that_o be_v or_o can_v be_v suppose_v of_o the_o species_n there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n how_o far_o the_o species_n extend_v or_o what_o thing_n be_v comprehend_v under_o each_o term_n which_o it_o be_v evident_a be_v all_o that_o have_v a_o exact_a conformity_n with_o the_o idea_n it_o stand_v for_o and_o no_o other_o but_o in_o substance_n where_o a_o real_a essence_n distinct_a from_o the_o nominal_a be_v suppose_v to_o constitute_v determine_v and_o bind_v the_o species_n there_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o general_a word_n be_v very_o uncertain_a because_o not_o know_v this_o real_a essence_n we_o can_v know_v what_o be_v or_o be_v not_o of_o that_o species_n and_o consequent_o what_o may_v or_o may_v not_o with_o certainty_n be_v affirm_v of_o it_o and_o thus_o speak_v of_o a_o man_n or_o gold_n or_o any_o other_o species_n of_o natural_a substance_n as_o suppose_v make_v by_o nature_n and_o partake_v of_o that_o real_a essence_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o constitute_v that_o species_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n make_v of_o it_o for_o man_n or_o gold_n take_v in_o this_o sense_n and_o use_v for_o species_n of_o thing_n constitute_v by_o real_a essence_n different_a from_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o speaker_n stand_v for_o we_o know_v not_o what_o and_o the_o extent_n of_o these_o species_n with_o such_o boundary_n be_v so_o unknown_a and_o undetermined_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a with_o any_o certainty_n to_o affirm_v that_o all_o man_n be_v rational_a or_o that_o all_o gold_n be_v yellow_a but_o where_o the_o nominal_a essence_n be_v keep_v to_o as_o the_o boundary_a of_o each_o species_n and_o man_n extend_v the_o application_n of_o any_o general_a term_n no_o far_o than_o to_o the_o particular_a thing_n in_o which_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n it_o stand_v for_o be_v to_o be_v find_v there_o they_o be_v in_o no_o danger_n to_o mistake_v the_o bound_n of_o each_o species_n or_o be_v in_o doubt_n on_o this_o account_n whether_o any_o proposition_n be_v true_a or_o no._n i_o have_v choose_v to_o explain_v this_o uncertainty_n of_o proposition_n in_o this_o scholastic_a way_n and_o have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o term_n of_o essence_n and_o species_n on_o purpose_n to_o show_v the_o absurdity_n and_o inconvenience_n there_o be_v to_o think_v of_o they_o as_o of_o any_o other_o sort_n of_o reality_n than_o bare_o abstract_a idea_n with_o name_n to_o they_o to_o suppose_v that_o the_o species_n of_o thing_n be_v any_o thing_n but_o the_o sort_n of_o they_o under_o general_a name_n according_a as_o they_o
i_o be_v in_o one_o which_o i_o leave_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o those_o who_o with_o i_o dispose_v themselves_o to_o embrace_v truth_n wherever_o they_o find_v it_o §_o 2._o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o common_o take_v for_o grant_v than_o that_o there_o be_v certain_a principle_n both_o speculative_a and_o practical_a for_o they_o speak_v of_o both_o universal_o agree_v upon_o by_o all_o mankind_n which_o therefore_o they_o argue_v must_v needs_o be_v the_o constant_a impression_n which_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n receive_v in_o their_o first_o being_n and_o which_o they_o bring_v into_o the_o world_n with_o they_o as_o necessary_o and_o real_o as_o they_o do_v any_o of_o their_o inherent_a faculty_n §_o 3._o this_o argument_n draw_v from_o universal_a consent_n have_v this_o misfortune_n in_o it_o that_o if_o it_o be_v true_a in_o matter_n of_o fact_n that_o there_o be_v certain_a truth_n wherein_o all_o mankind_n agree_v it_o will_v not_o prove_v they_o innate_a if_o there_o can_v be_v any_o other_o way_n show_v how_o man_n may_v come_v to_o that_o universal_a agreement_n in_o the_o thing_n they_o do_v consent_n in_o which_o i_o presume_v may_v be_v do_v §_o 4._o but_o which_o be_v worse_o this_o argument_n of_o universal_a consent_n which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o prove_v innate_a principle_n seem_v to_o i_o a_o demonstration_n that_o there_o be_v none_o such_o because_o there_o be_v none_o to_o which_o all_o mankind_n give_v a_o universal_a assent_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o speculative_a and_o instance_n in_o those_o magnify_a principle_n of_o demonstration_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v which_o of_o all_o other_o i_o think_v have_v the_o most_o allow_v title_n to_o innate_a these_o have_v so_o settle_v a_o reputation_n of_o maxim_n universal_o receive_v that_o it_o will_v no_o doubt_n be_v think_v strange_a if_o any_o one_o shall_v seem_v to_o question_v it_o but_o yet_o i_o take_v liberty_n to_o say_v that_o these_o proposition_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v a_o universal_a assent_n that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n to_o who_o they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o know_v §_o 5._o for_o first_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o child_n and_o idiot_n have_v not_o the_o least_o apprehension_n or_o thought_n of_o they_o and_o the_o want_n of_o that_o be_v enough_o to_o destroy_v that_o universal_a assent_n which_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o necessary_a concomitant_a of_o all_o innate_a truth_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o near_o a_o contradiction_n to_o say_v that_o there_o be_v truth_n imprint_v on_o the_o soul_n which_o it_o perceive_v or_o understand_v not_o imprint_v if_o it_o signify_v any_o thing_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o make_v certain_a truth_n to_o be_v perceive_v for_o to_o imprint_v any_o thing_n on_o the_o mind_n without_o the_o mind_n be_v perceive_v it_o seem_v to_o i_o hardly_o intelligible_a if_o therefore_o child_n and_o idiot_n have_v soul_n have_v mind_n with_o those_o impression_n upon_o they_o they_o must_v unavoidable_o perceive_v they_o and_o necessary_o know_v and_o assent_v to_o these_o truth_n which_o since_o they_o do_v not_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o impression_n for_o if_o they_o be_v not_o notion_n natural_o imprint_v how_o can_v they_o be_v innate_a and_o if_o they_o be_v notion_n imprint_v how_o can_v they_o be_v unknown_a to_o say_v a_o notion_n be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o say_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o and_o never_o yet_o take_v notice_n of_o it_o be_v to_o make_v this_o impression_n nothing_o no_o proposition_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n which_o it_o never_o yet_o know_v which_o it_o be_v never_o yet_o conscious_a of_o for_o if_o any_o one_o may_n then_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n all_o proposition_n that_o be_v true_a and_o the_o mind_n be_v capable_a ever_o of_o assent_v to_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o to_o be_v imprint_v since_o if_o any_o one_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n which_o it_o never_o yet_o know_v it_o must_v be_v only_o because_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o know_v it_o and_o so_o the_o mind_n be_v of_o all_o truth_n it_o ever_o shall_v know_v nay_o thus_o truth_n may_v be_v imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n which_o it_o never_o do_v nor_o ever_o shall_v know_v for_o a_o man_n may_v live_v long_o and_o die_v at_o last_o in_o ignorance_n of_o many_o truth_n which_o his_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o know_v and_o that_o with_o certainty_n so_o that_o if_o the_o capacity_n of_o know_v be_v the_o natural_a impression_n contend_v for_o all_o the_o truth_n a_o man_n ever_o come_v to_o know_v will_n by_o this_o account_n be_v every_o one_o of_o they_o innate_a and_o this_o great_a point_n will_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o only_o to_o a_o very_a improper_a way_n of_o speak_v which_o whilst_o it_o pretend_v to_o assert_v the_o contrary_a say_v nothing_o different_a from_o those_o who_o deny_v innate_a principle_n for_o no_o body_n i_o think_v ever_o deny_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o know_v several_a truth_n the_o capacity_n they_o say_v be_v innate_a the_o knowledge_n acquire_v but_o then_o to_o what_o end_n such_o contest_v for_o certain_a innate_a maxim_n if_o truth_n can_v be_v imprint_v on_o the_o understanding_n without_o be_v perceive_v i_o can_v see_v no_o difference_n there_o can_v be_v between_o any_o truth_n the_o mind_n be_v capable_a of_o know_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o original_a they_o must_v all_o be_v innate_a or_o all_o adventitious_a in_o vain_a shall_v a_o man_n go_v about_o to_o distinguish_v they_o he_o therefore_o that_o talk_v of_o innate_a notion_n in_o the_o understanding_n can_v if_o he_o intend_v thereby_o any_o distinct_a sort_n of_o truth_n mean_v such_o truth_n to_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n as_o it_o never_o perceive_v and_o be_v yet_o full_o ignorant_a of_o for_o if_o these_o word_n to_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n have_v any_o propriety_n they_o signify_v to_o be_v understand_v so_o that_o to_o be_v in_o the_o understanding_n and_o not_o to_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o never_o to_o be_v perceive_v be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v any_o thing_n be_v and_o be_v not_o in_o the_o mind_n or_o understanding_n if_o therefore_o these_o two_o proposition_n whatsoever_o be_v be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v be_v by_o nature_n imprint_v child_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o they_o infant_n and_o all_o that_o have_v soul_n must_v necessary_o have_v they_o in_o their_o understanding_n know_v the_o truth_n of_o they_o and_o assent_v to_o it_o §_o 6._o to_o avoid_v this_o it_o be_v usual_o answer_v that_o all_o man_n know_v and_o assent_v to_o they_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n and_o this_o be_v enough_o to_o prove_v they_o innate_a i_o answer_v §_o 7._o doubtful_a expression_n that_o have_v scarce_o any_o signification_n go_v for_o clear_a reason_n to_o those_o who_o be_v prepossess_v take_v not_o the_o pain_n to_o examine_v even_o what_o they_o themselves_o say_v for_o to_o apply_v this_o answer_n with_o any_o tolerable_a sense_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n it_o must_v signify_v one_o of_o these_o two_o thing_n either_o that_o as_o soon_o as_o man_n come_v to_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n these_o suppose_a native_a inscription_n come_v to_o be_v know_v and_o observe_v by_o they_o or_o else_o that_o the_o use_v and_o exercise_n of_o man_n reason_n assist_v they_o in_o the_o discovery_n of_o these_o principle_n and_o certain_o make_v they_o know_v to_o they_o §_o 8._o if_o they_o mean_v that_o by_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n man_n may_v discover_v these_o principle_n and_o that_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v they_o innate_a their_o way_n of_o argue_v will_v stand_v thus_o viz._n that_o whatever_o truth_n reason_n can_v certain_o discover_v to_o we_o and_o make_v we_o firm_o assent_v to_o those_o be_v all_o natural_o imprint_v on_o the_o mind_n since_o that_o universal_a assent_n which_o be_v make_v the_o mark_n of_o they_o amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o by_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n we_o be_v capable_a to_o come_v to_o a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o and_o assent_v to_o they_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v there_o will_v be_v no_o difference_n between_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o mathematician_n and_o theorem_n they_o deduce_v from_o they_o all_o must_v be_v equal_o allow_v innate_a they_o be_v all_o discovery_n make_v by_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n and_o truth_n that_o a_o rational_a creature_n may_v certain_o come_v to_o know_v if_o he_o
of_o gradation_n or_o impatient_a of_o delay_n light_o survey_v or_o whole_o pass_v over_o the_o proof_n and_o so_o without_o make_v out_o the_o demonstration_n determine_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o view_n of_o they_o as_o they_o be_v at_o a_o distance_n and_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o as_o seem_v most_o likely_a to_o they_o upon_o such_o a_o loose_a survey_n this_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n when_o it_o be_v exercise_v immediate_o about_o thing_n be_v call_v judgement_n when_o about_o truth_n deliver_v in_o word_n be_v most_o common_o call_v assent_n or_o dissent_n which_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a way_n wherein_o the_o mind_n have_v occasion_n to_o employ_v this_o faculty_n i_o shall_v under_o these_o term_n treat_v of_o it_o as_o least_o liable_a in_o our_o language_n to_o equivocation_n §_o 4._o thus_o the_o mind_n have_v two_o faculty_n conversant_a about_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n first_o knowledge_n whereby_o it_o certain_o perceive_v and_o be_v undoubted_o satisfy_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o idea_n second_o judgement_n which_o be_v the_o put_v idea_n together_o or_o separate_v they_o from_o one_o another_o in_o the_o mind_n when_o their_o certain_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v not_o perceive_v but_o presume_v to_o be_v so_o which_o be_v as_o the_o word_n import_v take_v to_o be_v so_o before_o it_o certain_o appear_v and_o if_o it_o so_o unite_v or_o separate_v they_o as_o in_o reality_n thing_n be_v it_o be_v right_a judgement_n chap._n xv._n of_o probability_n §_o 1._o as_o demonstration_n be_v the_o show_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o one_o or_o more_o proof_n which_o have_v a_o constant_a immutable_a and_o visible_a connexion_n one_o with_o another_o so_o probability_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o appearance_n of_o such_o a_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o proof_n who_o connexion_n be_v not_o constant_a and_o immutable_a or_o at_o least_o be_v not_o perceive_v to_o be_v so_o but_o be_v or_o appear_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o be_v so_o and_o be_v enough_o to_o induce_v the_o mind_n to_o judge_v the_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a rather_o than_o the_o contrary_n for_o example_n in_o the_o demonstration_n of_o it_o a_o man_n perceive_v the_o certain_a immutable_a connexion_n there_o be_v of_o equality_n between_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n and_o those_o intermediate_v one_o which_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o show_v their_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o and_o so_o by_o a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o intermediate_v idea_n in_o each_o step_n of_o the_o progress_n the_o whole_a series_n be_v continue_v with_o a_o evidence_n which_o clear_o show_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o those_o three_o angle_n in_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o and_o thus_o he_o have_v certain_a knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v so_o but_o another_o man_n who_o never_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o observe_v the_o demonstration_n hear_v a_o mathematician_n a_o man_n of_o credit_n affirm_v the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n to_o be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o assent_v to_o it_o i._n e._n receive_v it_o for_o true_a in_o which_o case_n the_o foundation_n of_o his_o assent_n be_v the_o probability_n of_o the_o thing_n the_o proof_n be_v such_o as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n carry_v truth_n with_o it_o the_o man_n on_o who_o testimony_n he_o receive_v it_o not_o be_v wont_a to_o affirm_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o or_o beside_o his_o knowledge_n especial_o in_o matter_n of_o this_o kind_n so_o that_o that_o which_o cause_v his_o assent_n to_o this_o proposition_n that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o that_o which_o make_v he_o take_v these_o idea_n to_o agree_v without_o know_v they_o to_o do_v so_o be_v the_o wont_a veracity_n of_o the_o speaker_n in_o other_o case_n or_o his_o suppose_a veracity_n in_o this_o §_o 2._o our_o knowledge_n as_o have_v be_v show_v be_v very_o narrow_a and_o we_o not_o happy_a enough_o to_o find_v certain_a truth_n in_o every_o thing_n we_o have_v occasion_n to_o consider_v most_o of_o the_o proposition_n we_o think_v reason_n discourse_n nay_o act_n upon_o be_v such_o as_o we_o can_v have_v undoubted_a knowledge_n of_o their_o truth_n yet_o some_o of_o they_o border_n so_o near_o upon_o certainty_n that_o we_o make_v no_o doubt_n at_o all_o about_o they_o but_o assent_n to_o they_o as_o firm_o and_o act_n according_a to_o that_o assent_n as_o vigorous_o as_o if_o they_o be_v infallible_o demonstrate_v and_o that_o our_o knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v perfect_a and_o certain_a but_o there_o be_v degree_n herein_o from_o the_o very_a neighbourhood_n of_o certainty_n and_o evidence_n quite_o down_o to_o improbability_n and_o unlikeliness_n even_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o impossibility_n and_o also_o degree_n of_o assent_n from_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o what_o be_v next_o it_o full_a assurance_n and_o confidence_n quite_o down_o to_o conjecture_n doubt_v distrust_v and_o disbelief_n i_o shall_v come_v now_o as_o have_v as_o i_o think_v find_v out_o the_o bound_n of_o (null)_o knowledge_n and_o certainty_n in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o consider_v the_o several_a degree_n and_o ground_n of_o probability_n and_o assent_v or_o faith_n §_o 3._o probability_n then_o be_v likeliness_n to_o be_v true_a the_o very_a notation_n of_o the_o word_n signify_v such_o a_o proposition_n for_o which_o there_o be_v argument_n or_o proof_n to_o make_v it_o pass_v or_o be_v receive_v for_o true_a the_o entertainment_n the_o mind_n give_v this_o sort_n of_o proposition_n be_v call_v belief_n assent_n or_o opinion_n which_o be_v the_o admit_v or_o receive_v any_o proposition_n for_o true_a upon_o argument_n or_o proof_n that_o be_v find_v to_o persuade_v we_o to_o receive_v it_o as_o true_a without_o certain_a knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v so_o and_o herein_o lie_v the_o difference_n between_o probability_n and_o certainty_n faith_n and_o knowledge_n that_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o knowledge_n there_o be_v intuition_n each_o immediate_a idea_n each_o step_n have_v its_o visible_a and_o certain_a connexion_n in_o belief_n not_o so_o that_o which_o make_v i_o believe_v be_v something_o extraneous_a to_o the_o thing_n i_o believe_v something_o not_o evident_o join_v on_o both_o side_n to_o and_o so_o not_o manifest_o show_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o those_o idea_n that_o be_v under_o consideration_n §_o 4._o probability_n then_o be_v to_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o to_o guide_v we_o where_o that_o fail_v it_o be_v always_o conversant_a about_o thing_n whereof_o we_o have_v no_o certainty_n but_o only_o some_o inducement_n to_o receive_v it_o for_o true_a the_o ground_n of_o it_o be_v in_o short_a these_o two_o follow_v first_o the_o conformity_n of_o any_o thing_n with_o our_o own_o knowledge_n observation_n and_o experience_n second_o the_o testimony_n of_o other_o vouch_v their_o observation_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o testimony_n of_o other_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v 1._o the_o number_n 2._o the_o integrity_n 3._o the_o skill_n of_o the_o witness_n 4._o the_o design_n of_o the_o author_n where_o it_o be_v a_o testimony_n out_o of_o a_o book_n cite_v 5._o the_o consistency_n of_o the_o part_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o relation_n 6._o contrary_a testimony_n §_o 5._o now_o probability_n want_v that_o intuitive_a evidence_n which_o infallible_o determine_v the_o understanding_n and_o produce_v certain_a knowledge_n the_o mind_n before_o it_o rational_o assent_v or_o dissent_v to_o any_o probable_a proposition_n aught_o to_o examine_v all_o the_o ground_n of_o probability_n and_o see_v how_o they_o make_v more_o or_o less_o for_o or_o against_o it_o and_o upon_o a_o due_a balance_v the_o whole_a reject_v or_o receive_v it_o with_o a_o more_o or_o less_o firm_a assent_n proportionable_o to_o the_o preponderancy_n of_o the_o great_a ground_n of_o probabily_n on_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o for_o example_n if_o i_o myself_o see_v a_o man_n walk_v on_o the_o ice_n it_o be_v past_a probability_n it_o be_v knowledge_n but_o if_o another_o tell_v i_o he_o see_v a_o man_n in_o england_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o sharp_a winter_n walk_v upon_o water_n harden_v with_o cold_a this_o have_v so_o great_a conformity_n with_o what_o be_v usual_o observe_v to_o happen_v that_o i_o be_o dispose_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o to_o assent_v to_o it_o unless_o some_o manifest_a suspicion_n attend_v the_o relation_n of_o that_o matter_n of_o fact_n but_o if_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v tell_v to_o one_o bear_v between_o the_o tropic_n who_o never_o
complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n be_v make_v up_o of_o such_o simple_a one_o as_o have_v no_o union_n in_o nature_n may_v be_v term_v false_a but_o if_o he_o leave_v out_o of_o this_o his_o complex_fw-la idea_n that_o of_o fixedness_n quite_o without_o either_o actual_o join_v to_o or_o separate_v of_o it_o from_o the_o rest_n in_o his_o mind_n it_o be_v i_o think_v to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o a_o inadequate_a and_o imperfect_a idea_n rather_o than_o a_o false_a one_o since_o though_o it_o contain_v not_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o be_v unite_v in_o nature_n yet_o it_o put_v none_o together_o but_o what_o do_v real_o exist_v together_o §_o 19_o though_o in_o compliance_n with_o the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o speak_v i_o have_v show_v in_o what_o sense_n and_o upon_o what_o ground_n our_o idea_n may_v be_v sometime_o call_v true_a or_o false_a yet_o if_o we_o will_v look_v a_o little_a near_o into_o the_o matter_n in_o all_o case_n where_o any_o idea_n be_v call_v true_a or_o false_a it_o be_v from_o some_o judgement_n that_o the_o mind_n make_v or_o be_v suppose_v to_o make_v that_o be_v true_a or_o false_a for_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n be_v never_o without_o some_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n express_v or_o tacit_fw-la it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v but_o where_o sign_n be_v join_v or_o separate_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o stand_v for_o the_o sign_n we_o chief_o use_v be_v either_o idea_n or_o word_n wherewith_o we_o make_v either_o mental_a or_o verbal_a proposition_n truth_n lie_v in_o so_o join_v or_o separate_v these_o representative_n as_o the_o thing_n they_o stand_v for_o do_v in_o themselves_o agree_v or_o disagree_v and_o falsehood_n in_o the_o contrary_a as_o shall_v be_v more_o full_o show_v hereafter_o §_o 20._o any_o idea_n than_o we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n whether_o conformable_a or_o not_o to_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n or_o to_o any_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o other_o man_n can_v proper_o for_o this_o alone_o be_v call_v false_a for_o these_o representation_n if_o they_o have_v nothing_o in_o they_o but_o what_o be_v real_o exist_v in_o thing_n without_o can_v be_v think_v false_a be_v exact_a representation_n of_o something_o nor_o yet_o if_o they_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o they_o differ_v from_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n can_v they_o proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v false_a representation_n or_o idea_n of_o thing_n they_o do_v not_o represent_v but_o the_o mistake_n and_o falsehood_n be_v §_o 21._o first_o when_o the_o mind_n have_v any_o idea_n it_o judge_n and_o conclude_v it_o the_o same_o that_o be_v in_o other_o man_n mind_n signify_v by_o the_o same_o name_n or_o that_o it_o be_v conformable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a receive_v signification_n or_o definition_n of_o that_o word_n when_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o which_o be_v the_o most_o usual_a mistake_n in_o mix_a modes_n though_o other_o idea_n also_o be_v liable_a to_o it_o §_o 22_o second_o when_o it_o have_v a_o complex_fw-la idea_n make_v up_o of_o such_o a_o collection_n of_o simple_a one_o as_o nature_n never_o put_v together_o it_o judge_v it_o to_o agree_v to_o a_o species_n of_o creature_n real_o exist_v as_o when_o it_o join_v the_o weight_n of_o tin_n to_o the_o colour_n fusibility_n and_o fixedness_n of_o gold_n §_o 23._o three_o when_o in_o its_o complex_fw-la idea_n it_o have_v unite_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o simple_a idea_n that_o do_v real_o exist_v together_o in_o some_o sort_n of_o creature_n but_o have_v also_o leave_v out_o other_o as_o much_o inseparable_a it_o judge_v this_o to_o be_v a_o perfect_a complete_a idea_n of_o a_o sort_n of_o thing_n which_o real_o it_o be_v not_o v._n g._n have_v join_v the_o idea_n of_o substance_n yellow_a malleable_a most_o heavy_a and_o fusible_a it_o take_v that_o complex_fw-la idea_n to_o be_v the_o complete_a idea_n of_o gold_n when_o yet_o its_o peculiar_a fixedness_n and_o solubility_n in_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la be_v as_o inseparable_a from_o those_o other_o idea_n or_o quality_n of_o that_o body_n as_o they_o be_v one_o from_o another_o §_o 24._o four_o the_o mistake_n be_v yet_o great_a when_o i_o judge_v that_o this_o complex_fw-la idea_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o any_o body_n exist_v when_o at_o least_o it_o contain_v but_o some_o few_o of_o those_o property_n which_o flow_v from_o its_o real_a essence_n and_o constitution_n i_o say_v only_o some_o few_o of_o those_o property_n for_o those_o property_n consist_v most_o in_o the_o active_a and_o passive_a power_n it_o have_v in_o reference_n to_o other_o thing_n all_o that_o be_v vulgar_o know_v of_o any_o one_o body_n and_o of_o which_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o that_o kind_n of_o thing_n be_v usual_o make_v be_v but_o a_o very_a few_o in_o comparison_n of_o what_o a_o man_n that_o have_v several_a way_n try_v and_o examine_v it_o know_v of_o that_o one_o sort_n of_o thing_n and_o all_o that_o the_o most_o expert_a man_n know_v be_v but_o few_o in_o comparison_n of_o what_o be_v real_o in_o that_o body_n and_o depend_v on_o its_o internal_a or_o essential_a constitution_n the_o essence_n of_o a_o triangle_n lie_v in_o a_o very_a little_a compass_n consist_v in_o a_o very_a few_o idea_n three_o line_n meet_v at_o three_o angle_n make_v up_o that_o essence_n but_o the_o property_n that_o flow_v from_o this_o essence_n be_v more_o than_o can_v be_v easy_o know_v or_o enumerate_v so_o i_o imagine_v it_o be_v in_o substance_n their_o real_a essence_n lie_v in_o a_o little_a compass_n though_o the_o property_n flow_v from_o that_o internal_a constitution_n be_v endless_a §_o 25._o to_o conclude_v a_o man_n have_v no_o notion_n of_o any_o thing_n without_o he_o but_o by_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v of_o it_o in_o his_o mind_n which_o idea_n he_o have_v a_o power_n to_o call_v by_o what_o name_n he_o please_v he_o may_v indeed_o make_v a_o idea_n neither_o answer_v the_o reality_n of_o thing_n nor_o agree_v to_o the_o idea_n common_o signify_v by_o other_o people_n word_n but_o can_v make_v a_o wrong_n or_o false_a idea_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v no_o otherwise_o know_v to_o he_o but_o by_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v of_o it_o v_o g._n when_o i_o frame_v a_o idea_n of_o the_o leg_n arm_n and_o body_n of_o a_o man_n and_o join_v to_o this_o a_o horse_n head_n and_o neck_n i_o do_v not_o make_v a_o false_a idea_n of_o any_o thing_n because_o it_o represent_v nothing_o without_o i_o but_o when_o i_o call_v it_o a_o man_n or_o tartar_n and_o imagine_v it_o either_o to_o represent_v some_o real_a be_v without_o i_o or_o to_o be_v the_o same_o idea_n that_o other_o call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n in_o either_o of_o these_o case_n i_o may_v err_v and_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o it_o come_v to_o be_v term_v a_o false_a idea_n though_o indeed_o the_o falsehood_n lie_v not_o in_o the_o idea_n but_o in_o that_o tacit_n mental_a proposition_n wherein_o a_o conformity_n and_o resemblance_n be_v attribute_v to_o it_o which_o it_o have_v not_o but_o yet_o if_o have_v frame_v such_o a_o idea_n in_o my_o mind_n without_o think_v either_o that_o existence_n or_o the_o name_n man_n or_o tartar_n belong_v to_o it_o i_o will_v call_v it_o man_n or_o tartar_n i_o may_v be_v just_o think_v fantastical_a in_o the_o name_v but_o not_o erroneous_a in_o my_o judgement_n nor_o the_o idea_n any_o way_n false_a §_o 26._o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o think_v that_o our_o idea_n as_o they_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o mind_n either_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o proper_a signification_n of_o their_o name_n or_o in_o reference_n to_o the_o reality_n of_o thing_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v call_v right_a or_o wrong_a idea_n according_a as_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v to_o those_o pattern_n to_o which_o they_o be_v refer_v but_o if_o any_o one_o have_v rather_o call_v they_o true_a or_o false_a it_o be_v fit_a he_o use_v a_o liberty_n which_o every_o one_o have_v to_o call_v thing_n by_o those_o name_n he_o think_v best_o though_o in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n truth_n or_o falsehood_n will_n i_o think_v scarce_o agree_v to_o they_o but_o as_o they_o some_o way_n or_o other_o virtual_o contain_v in_o they_o some_o mental_a proposition_n the_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o a_o man_n mind_n simple_o consider_v can_v be_v wrong_a unless_o complex_fw-la one_o wherein_o inconsistent_a part_n be_v jumble_v together_o all_o other_o idea_n be_v in_o themselves_o right_a and_o the_o knowledge_n about_o they_o right_a and_o true_a knowledge_n but_o when_o we_o come_v to_o refer_v they_o to_o any_o thing_n as_o to_o their_o pattern_n and_o archetype_n than_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v
conformable_a to_o this_o archetype_n and_o intend_v the_o name_n shall_v stand_v for_o a_o idea_n so_o conformable_a §_o 46._o this_o piece_n of_o matter_n thus_o denominate_v zahab_n by_o adam_n be_v quite_o different_a from_o any_o he_o have_v see_v before_o no_o body_n i_o think_v will_v deny_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a species_n and_o to_o have_v its_o peculiar_a essence_n and_o that_o the_o name_n zahab_n be_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o species_n and_o a_o name_n belong_v to_o all_o thing_n partake_v in_o that_o essence_n but_o here_o it_o be_v plain_a the_o essence_n adam_n signify_v and_o make_v the_o name_n zahab_n stand_v for_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o body_n hard_a shine_a yellow_a and_o very_o heavy_a but_o the_o inquisitive_a mind_n of_o man_n not_o content_a with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o as_o i_o may_v say_v superficial_a quality_n put_v adam_n upon_o far_a examination_n of_o this_o matter_n he_o therefore_o knock_v and_o beat_v it_o with_o flint_n to_o see_v what_o be_v discoverable_a in_o the_o inside_n he_o find_v it_o yield_v to_o blow_n but_o not_o easy_o separate_v into_o piece_n he_o find_v it_o will_v bend_v without_o break_v be_v not_o now_o ductility_n to_o be_v add_v to_o his_o former_a idea_n and_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n that_o name_v zahab_n stand_v for_o farther_o trial_n discover_v fusibility_n and_o fixedness_n be_v not_o they_o also_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o any_o of_o the_o other_o be_v to_o be_v put_v into_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o name_n zahab_n if_o not_o what_o reason_n will_v there_o be_v show_v more_o for_o the_o one_o than_o the_o other_o if_o these_o must_v than_o all_o the_o other_o property_n which_o any_o far_a trial_n shall_v discover_v in_o this_o matter_n aught_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n to_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o ingredient_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o the_o name_n zahab_n stand_v for_o and_o so_o be_v the_o essence_n of_o the_o species_n mark_v by_o that_o name_n which_o property_n because_o they_o be_v endless_a it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o idea_n make_v after_o this_o fashion_n by_o this_o archetype_n will_v be_v always_o inadequate_a §_o 47._o but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o it_o will_v also_o follow_v that_o the_o name_n of_o substance_n will_v not_o only_o have_v as_o in_o truth_n they_o have_v but_o will_v also_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v different_a signification_n as_o use_v by_o different_a man_n which_o will_v very_o much_o cumber_v the_o use_n of_o language_n for_o if_o every_o distinct_a quality_n that_o be_v discover_v in_o any_o matter_n by_o any_o one_o be_v suppose_v to_o make_v a_o necessary_a part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o common_a name_n give_v it_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o man_n must_v suppose_v the_o same_o word_n to_o signify_v different_a thing_n in_o different_a man_n since_o they_o can_v doubt_v but_o different_a man_n may_v have_v discover_v several_a quality_n in_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o denomination_n which_o other_o know_v nothing_o of_o §_o 48._o to_o avoid_v this_o therefore_o they_o have_v suppose_v a_o real_a essence_n belong_v to_o every_o species_n from_o which_o these_o property_n all_o flow_n and_o will_v have_v their_o name_n of_o the_o species_n stand_v for_o that_o but_o they_o not_o have_v any_o idea_n of_o that_o real_a essence_n in_o substance_n and_o their_o word_n signify_v nothing_o but_o the_o idea_n they_o have_v that_o which_o be_v do_v by_o this_o attempt_n be_v only_o to_o put_v the_o name_n or_o sound_n in_o the_o place_n and_o stead_n of_o the_o thing_n have_v that_o real_a essence_n without_o know_v what_o that_o real_a essence_n be_v and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o man_n do_v when_o they_o speak_v of_o species_n of_o thing_n as_o suppose_v they_o make_v by_o nature_n and_o distinguish_v by_o real_a essence_n §_o 49._o for_o let_v we_o consider_v when_o we_o affirm_v that_o all_o gold_n be_v fix_v either_o it_o mean_v that_o fixedness_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n part_n of_o the_o nominal_a essence_n the_o word_n gold_n stand_v for_o and_o so_o this_o affirmation_n all_o gold_n be_v fix_v contain_v nothing_o but_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o term_n gold_n or_o else_o it_o mean_v that_o fixedness_n not_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o word_n gold_n be_v a_o property_n of_o that_o substance_n itself_o in_o which_o case_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o word_n gold_n stand_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o substance_n have_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o a_o species_n of_o thing_n make_v by_o nature_n in_o which_o way_n of_o substitution_n it_o have_v so_o confuse_v and_o uncertain_a a_o signification_n that_o though_o this_o proposition_n gold_n be_v fix_v be_v in_o that_o sense_n a_o affirmation_n of_o something_o real_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o truth_n will_v always_o fail_v we_o in_o its_o particular_a application_n and_o so_o be_v of_o no_o real_a use_n nor_o certainty_n for_o let_v it_o be_v never_o so_o true_a that_o all_o god_n i._n e._n all_o that_o have_v the_o real_a essence_n of_o gold_n be_v fix_v what_o serve_v this_o for_o whilst_o we_o know_v not_o in_o this_o sense_n what_o be_v or_o be_v not_o gold_n for_o if_o we_o know_v not_o the_o real_a essence_n of_o gold_n it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v know_v what_o parcel_n of_o matter_n have_v that_o essence_n and_o so_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a gold_n or_o no._n §_o 50._o to_o conclude_v what_o liberty_n adam_n have_v at_o first_o to_o make_v any_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o mix_a modes_n by_o no_o other_o pattern_n but_o by_o his_o own_o thought_n the_o same_o have_v all_o man_n ever_o since_o have_v and_o the_o same_o necessity_n of_o conform_v his_o idea_n of_o substance_n to_o thing_n without_o he_o as_o to_z archetype_n make_v by_o nature_n that_o adam_n be_v under_o if_o he_o will_v not_o wilful_o impose_v upon_o himself_o the_o same_o be_v all_o man_n ever_o since_o under_o too_o the_o same_o liberty_n also_o that_o adam_n have_v of_o affix_v any_o new_a name_n to_o any_o idea_n the_o same_o have_v any_o one_o still_o especial_o the_o beginner_n of_o language_n if_o we_o can_v imagine_v any_o such_o but_o only_a with_o this_o difference_n that_o in_o place_n where_o man_n in_o society_n have_v already_o establish_v a_o language_n among_o they_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n be_v very_o wary_o and_o spare_o to_o be_v alter_v because_o man_n be_v furnish_v already_o with_o name_n for_o their_o idea_n and_o common_a use_n have_v appropriate_v know_v name_n to_o certain_a idea_n a_o affect_a misapplication_n of_o they_o can_v but_o be_v very_o ridiculous_a he_o that_o have_v new_a notion_n will_n perhaps_o venture_v sometime_o on_o the_o coin_v new_a term_n to_o express_v they_o man_n think_v it_o a_o boldness_n and_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o common_a use_n will_v ever_o make_v they_o pass_v for_o currant_n but_o in_o communication_n with_o other_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o conform_v the_o idea_n we_o make_v the_o vulgar_a word_n of_o any_o language_n stand_v for_o to_o their_o know_a proper_a signification_n which_o i_o have_v explain_v at_o large_a already_o or_o else_o to_o make_v know_v that_o new_a signification_n we_o apply_v they_o to_o chap._n vii_o of_o particle_n §_o 1._o beside_o word_n which_o be_v name_n of_o idea_n in_o the_o mind_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o other_o that_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o signify_v the_o connexion_n that_o the_o mind_n give_v to_o idea_n or_o proposition_n one_o with_o another_o the_o mind_n in_o communicate_v with_o other_o do_v not_o only_o need_v sign_n of_o the_o idea_n it_o have_v then_o before_o it_o but_o other_o also_o to_o show_v or_o intimate_v some_o particular_a action_n of_o its_o own_o at_o that_o time_n relate_v to_o those_o idea_n this_o it_o do_v several_a way_n as_o be_v and_o be_v not_o be_v the_o general_a mark_n of_o the_o mind_n affirm_v or_o deny_v but_o beside_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n without_o which_o there_o be_v in_o word_n no_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n the_o mind_n do_v in_o declare_v its_o sentiment_n to_o other_o connect_v not_o only_o the_o part_n of_o proposition_n but_o whole_a sentence_n one_o to_o another_o with_o their_o several_a relation_n and_o dependency_n to_o make_v a_o coherent_a discourse_n §_o 2._o the_o word_n whereby_o it_o signify_v what_o connexion_n it_o give_v to_o the_o several_a affirmation_n and_o negation_n that_o it_o unite_v in_o one_o continue_v reason_v or_o narration_n be_v general_o call_v particle_n and_o it_o be_v in_o the_o right_a use_n of_o these_o that_o more_o particular_o consist_v the_o clearness_n and_o beauty_n of_o a_o good_a style_n to_o think_v well_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o that_o a_o
continuation_n of_o a_o discourse_n or_o the_o pursuit_n of_o a_o argument_n there_o be_v hardly_o room_n to_o digress_v into_o a_o particular_a definition_n as_o often_o as_o a_o man_n vary_v the_o signification_n of_o any_o term_n yet_o the_o import_n of_o the_o discourse_n will_v for_o the_o most_o part_n if_o there_o be_v no_o design_a fallacy_n sufficient_o lead_v candid_a and_o intelligent_a reader_n into_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o it_o but_o where_o that_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o guide_v the_o reader_n there_o it_o concern_v the_o writer_n to_o explain_v his_o meaning_n and_o show_v in_o what_o sense_n he_o there_o use_v that_o term._n book_n iu._n chap._n i._o of_o knowledge_n in_o general_n §_o 1._o since_o the_o mind_n in_o all_o its_o thought_n and_o reason_n have_v no_o other_o immediate_a object_n but_o its_o own_o idea_n which_o it_o alone_o do_v or_o can_v contemplate_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o our_o knowledge_n be_v only_o conversant_a about_o they_o §_o 2._o knowledge_n then_o seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o connexion_n and_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n and_o repugnancy_n of_o any_o of_o our_o idea_n in_o this_o alone_a it_o consist_v where_o this_o perception_n be_v there_o be_v knowledge_n and_o where_o it_o be_v not_o there_o though_o we_o may_v fancy_n guess_v or_o believe_v yet_o we_o always_o come_v short_a of_o knowledge_n for_o when_o we_o know_v that_o white_a be_v not_o black_a what_o do_v we_o else_o but_o perceive_v that_o these_o two_o idea_n do_v not_o agree_v when_o we_o possess_v ourselves_o with_o the_o utmost_a security_n of_o the_o demonstration_n that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o what_o do_v we_o more_o but_o perceive_v that_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o do_v necessary_o agree_v to_o and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n §_o 3._o but_o to_o understand_v a_o little_a more_o distinct_o wherein_o this_o agreement_n of_o disagreement_n consist_v i_o think_v we_o may_v reduce_v it_o all_o to_o these_o four_o sort_n 1._o identity_n or_o diversity_n 2._o relation_n 3._o coexistence_n or_o necessary_a connexion_n 4._o real_a existence_n §_o 4._o first_o as_o to_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n viz._n identiy_n or_o diversity_n it_o be_v the_o first_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n when_o it_o have_v any_o sentiment_n or_o idea_n at_o all_o to_o perceive_v its_o idea_n and_o so_o far_o as_o it_o perceive_v they_o to_o know_v each_o what_o it_o be_v and_o thereby_o also_o to_o perceive_v their_o difference_n and_o that_o one_o be_v not_o another_o this_o be_v so_o absolute_o necessary_a that_o without_o it_o there_o can_v be_v no_o knowledge_n no_o reason_v no_o imagination_n no_o distinct_a thought_n at_o all_o by_o this_o the_o mind_n clear_o and_o infallible_o perceive_v each_o idea_n to_o agree_v with_o itself_o and_o to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o all_o distinct_a idea_n to_o disagree_v i._n e._n the_o one_o not_o to_o be_v the_o other_o and_o this_o it_o do_v without_o any_o pain_n labour_n or_o deduction_n but_o at_o first_o view_n by_o its_o natural_a power_n of_o perception_n and_o distinction_n and_o though_o man_n of_o art_n have_v reduce_v this_o into_o those_o general_a rule_n what_o be_v be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v for_o ready_a application_n in_o all_o case_n wherein_o there_o may_v be_v occasion_n to_o reflect_v on_o it_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o first_o exercise_n of_o this_o faculty_n be_v about_o particular_a idea_n a_o man_n infallible_o know_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o he_o have_v they_o in_o his_o mind_n that_o the_o idea_n he_o call_v white_a and_o round_a be_v the_o very_a idea_n they_o be_v and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o other_o idea_n which_o he_o call_v red_a or_o square_n nor_o can_v any_o maxim_n or_o proposition_n in_o the_o world_n make_v he_o know_v it_o clear_a or_o sure_a than_o he_o do_v before_o or_o without_o any_o such_o general_a rule_n this_o then_o be_v the_o first_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n which_o the_o mind_n perceive_v in_o its_o idea_n which_o it_o always_o perceive_v at_o first_o sight_n and_o if_o there_o ever_o happen_v any_o doubt_n about_o it_o it_o will_v always_o be_v find_v to_o be_v about_o the_o name_n and_o not_o the_o idea_n themselves_o who_o identity_n and_o diversity_n will_v always_o be_v perceive_v as_o soon_o and_o as_o clear_o as_o the_o idea_n themselves_o be_v nor_o can_v it_o possible_o be_v otherwise_o §_o 5._o second_o the_o next_o sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n the_o mind_n perceive_v in_o any_o of_o its_o idea_n may_v i_o think_v be_v call_v relative_n and_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o relation_n between_o any_o two_o idea_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o whether_o substance_n modes_n or_o any_o other_o for_o since_o all_o distinct_a idea_n must_v eternal_o be_v know_v not_o to_o be_v the_o same_o and_o so_o be_v universal_o and_o constant_o deny_v one_o of_o another_o there_o can_v be_v no_o room_n for_o any_o positive_a knowledge_n at_o all_o if_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v any_o relation_n between_o our_o idea_n and_o find_v out_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n they_o have_v one_o with_o another_o in_o several_a way_n the_o mind_n take_v of_o compare_v they_o §_o 6._o three_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n to_o be_v find_v in_o our_o idea_n which_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v employ_v about_o be_v coexistence_n or_o non-co-existence_n in_o the_o same_o subject_a and_o this_o belong_v particular_o to_o substance_n thus_o when_o we_o pronounce_v concern_v gold_n that_o it_o be_v fix_v our_o knowledge_n of_o this_o truth_n amount_v to_o no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o fixedness_n or_o a_o power_n to_o remain_v in_o the_o fire_n unconsume_v be_v a_o idea_n that_o always_o accompany_v and_o be_v join_v with_o that_o particular_a sort_n of_o yellowness_n weight_n fusibility_n malleableness_n and_o solubility_n in_o aq._n regia_n which_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n signify_v by_o the_o word_n gold_n §_o 7._o four_o the_o four_o and_o last_o sort_n be_v that_o of_o actual_a real_a existence_n agree_v to_o any_o idea_n within_o these_o four_o sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v i_o suppose_v contain_v all_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v or_o be_v capable_a of_o for_o all_o the_o inquiry_n that_o we_o can_v make_v concern_v any_o of_o our_o idea_n all_o that_o we_o know_v or_o can_v affirm_v concern_v any_o of_o they_o be_v that_o it_o be_v or_o be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o some_o other_o that_o it_o do_v or_o do_v not_o always_o co-exist_a with_o some_o other_o idea_n in_o the_o same_o subject_a that_o it_o have_v this_o or_o that_o relation_n to_o some_o other_o idea_n or_o that_o it_o have_v a_o real_a existence_n without_o the_o mind_n thus_o blue_n be_v not_o yellow_a be_v of_o identity_n two_o triangle_n upon_o equal_a basis_n between_o two_o parallel_n be_v equal_a be_v of_o relation_n iron_n be_v susceptible_a of_o magnetical_a impression_n be_v of_o coexistence_n god_n be_v be_v of_o real_a existence_n though_o identity_n and_o coexistence_n be_v true_o nothing_o but_o relation_n yet_o they_o be_v so_o peculiar_a way_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n that_o they_o deserve_v well_o to_o be_v consider_v as_o distinct_a head_n and_o not_o under_o relation_n in_o general_a since_o they_o be_v so_o different_a ground_n of_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n as_o will_v easy_o appear_v to_o any_o one_o who_o will_v but_o reflect_v on_o what_o be_v say_v in_o several_a place_n of_o this_o essay_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o examine_v the_o several_a degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n but_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a first_o to_o consider_v the_o different_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n knowledge_n §_o 8._o there_o be_v several_a way_n wherein_o the_o mind_n be_v possess_v of_o truth_n each_o of_o which_o be_v call_v knowledge_n 1._o there_o be_v actual_a knowledge_n which_o be_v the_o present_a view_n the_o mind_n have_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o its_o idea_n or_o of_o the_o relation_n they_o have_v one_o to_o another_o 2._o a_o man_n be_v say_v to_o know_v any_o proposition_n which_o have_v be_v once_o lay_v before_o his_o thought_n he_o evident_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o the_o idea_n whereof_o it_o consist_v and_o so_o lodge_v it_o in_o his_o memory_n that_o whenever_o that_o proposition_n come_v again_o to_o be_v reflect_v on_o he_o without_o doubt_n or_o hesitation_n embrace_v the_o right_a side_n assent_v to_o and_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o
this_o i_o think_v one_o may_v call_v habitual_a knowledge_n and_o thus_o a_o man_n may_v be_v say_v to_o know_v all_o those_o truth_n which_o be_v lodge_v in_o his_o memory_n by_o a_o forego_n clear_a and_o full_a perception_n whereof_o the_o mind_n be_v assure_v past_o doubt_n as_o often_o as_o it_o have_v occasion_n to_o reflect_v on_o they_o for_o our_o finite_a understanding_n be_v able_a to_o think_v clear_o and_o distinct_o but_o on_o one_o thing_n at_o once_o if_o man_n have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o any_o more_o than_o what_o they_o actual_o think_v on_o they_o will_v all_o be_v very_o ignorant_a and_o he_o that_o know_v most_o will_v know_v but_o one_o truth_n that_o be_v all_o he_o be_v able_a to_o think_v on_o at_o one_o time_n §_o 9_o of_o habitual_a knowledge_n there_o be_v also_o vulgar_o speak_v two_o degree_n first_o the_o one_o be_v of_o such_o truth_n lay_v up_o in_o the_o memory_n as_o whenever_o they_o occur_v to_o the_o mind_n it_o actual_o perceive_v the_o relation_n be_v between_o those_o idea_n and_o this_o be_v in_o all_o those_o truth_n whereof_o we_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n where_o the_o idea_n themselves_o by_o a_o immediate_a view_n discover_v their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n one_o with_o another_o second_o the_o other_o be_v of_o such_o truth_n whereof_o the_o mind_n have_v be_v convince_v it_o retain_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o conviction_n without_o the_o proof_n thus_o a_o man_n that_o remember_v certain_o that_o he_o once_o perceive_v the_o demonstration_n that_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o be_v common_o allow_v to_o know_v it_o because_o he_o can_v doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o but_o yet_o have_v forget_v the_o demonstration_n strict_o speak_v he_o rather_o believe_v his_o memory_n than_o know_v the_o thing_n or_o rather_o it_o be_v something_o between_o opinion_n and_o knowledge_n a_o sort_n of_o assurance_n that_o exceed_v bare_a belief_n which_o rely_v on_o the_o testimony_n of_o another_o and_o yet_o come_v short_a of_o perfect_a knowledge_n for_o knowledge_n consist_v in_o a_o clear_a perception_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n either_o by_o a_o immediate_a juxta-position_n as_o in_o intuitive_a knowledge_n or_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o other_o idea_n which_o do_v immediate_o discover_v their_o relation_n one_o to_o another_o as_o in_o demonstration_n the_o mind_n can_v in_o strictness_n be_v say_v to_o have_v so_o much_o as_o a_o habitual_a knowledge_n where_o it_o have_v not_o a_o habitual_a view_n of_o the_o proof_n where_o it_o have_v not_o such_o a_o memory_n of_o the_o demonstration_n that_o it_o can_v when_o that_o proposition_n be_v again_o recall_v to_o the_o mind_n perceive_v the_o connexion_n of_o those_o idea_n by_o the_o intervention_n of_o such_o other_o idea_n who_o immediate_a connexion_n or_o relation_n one_o to_o another_o show_v the_o relation_n of_o the_o extreme_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o demonstrative_a knowledge_n be_v much_o more_o imperfect_a than_o intuitive_a as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o our_o knowledge_n §_o 1._o all_o our_o knowledge_n consist_v as_o i_o have_v say_v in_o the_o view_n the_o mind_n have_v of_o its_o own_o idea_n which_o be_v the_o utmost_a light_n and_o great_a certainty_n we_o with_o our_o faculty_n and_o in_o our_o way_n of_o knowledge_n be_v capable_a of_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o consider_v a_o little_a the_o degree_n of_o its_o evidence_n the_o different_a clearness_n of_o our_o knowledge_n seem_v to_o i_o to_o lie_v in_o the_o different_a way_n of_o perception_n the_o mind_n have_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o its_o idea_n for_o if_o we_o will_v reflect_v on_o our_o own_o way_n of_o think_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o sometime_o the_o mind_n perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n immediate_o by_o themselves_o without_o the_o intervention_n of_o any_o other_o and_o this_o i_o think_v we_o may_v call_v intuitive_a knowledge_n for_o in_o this_o the_o mind_n be_v at_o no_o pain_n of_o prove_v or_o examine_v but_o perceive_v the_o truth_n as_o the_o eye_n do_v light_a only_o by_o be_v direct_v towards_o it_o thus_o the_o mind_n perceive_v that_o white_a be_v not_o black_a that_o a_o circle_n be_v not_o a_o triangle_n that_o three_o be_v more_o than_o two_o and_o equal_a to_o one_o and_o two_n such_o kind_n of_o truth_n the_o mind_n perceive_v at_o the_o first_o sight_n of_o the_o idea_n together_o by_o bare_a intuition_n without_o the_o intervention_n of_o any_o other_o idea_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o knowledge_n be_v the_o clear_a and_o most_o certain_a that_o (null)_o frailty_n be_v capable_a of_o this_o part_n of_o knowledge_n be_v irresistible_a and_o like_o the_o bright_a sunshine_n force_v itself_o immediate_o to_o be_v perceive_v as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o mind_n turn_v its_o view_n that_o way_n and_o leave_v no_o room_n for_o hesitation_n doubt_v or_o examination_n but_o the_o mind_n be_v present_o fill_v with_o the_o clear_a light_n of_o it_o it_o be_v on_o this_o intuition_n that_o depend_v all_o the_o certainty_n and_o evidence_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n which_o certainty_n every_o one_o find_v to_o be_v so_o great_a that_o he_o can_v imagine_v and_o therefore_o not_o require_v a_o great_a for_o a_o man_n can_v conceive_v himself_o capable_a of_o a_o great_a certainty_n than_o to_o know_v that_o any_o idea_n in_o his_o mind_n be_v such_o as_o he_o perceive_v it_o to_o be_v and_o that_o two_o idea_n wherein_o he_o perceive_v a_o difference_n be_v different_a and_o not_o precise_o the_o same_o he_o that_o demand_v a_o great_a certainty_n than_o this_o demand_v he_o know_v not_o what_o and_o show_v only_o that_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v a_o sceptic_a without_o be_v able_a to_o be_v so_o certainty_n depend_v so_o whole_o on_o this_o intuition_n that_o in_o the_o next_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n which_o i_o call_v demonstrative_a this_o intuition_n be_v necessary_a in_o all_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o intermediate_v idea_n without_o which_o we_o can_v attain_v knowledge_n and_o certainty_n §_o 2._o the_o next_o degree_n of_o knowledge_n be_v where_o the_o mind_n perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o idea_n but_o not_o immediate_o though_o wherever_o the_o mind_n perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o of_o its_o idea_n there_o be_v certain_a knowledge_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o always_o happen_v that_o the_o mind_n see_v that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n which_o there_o be_v between_o they_o even_o where_o it_o be_v discoverable_a and_o in_o that_o case_n remain_v in_o ignorance_n or_o at_o most_o get_v no_o far_a than_o a_o probable_a conjecture_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o mind_n can_v always_o perceive_v present_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n be_v because_o those_o idea_n concern_v who_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n the_o enquiry_n be_v make_v can_v by_o the_o mind_n be_v so_o put_v together_o as_o to_o show_v it_o in_o this_o case_n then_o when_o the_o mind_n can_v so_o bring_v its_o idea_n together_o as_o by_o their_o immediate_a comparison_n and_o as_o it_o be_v juxta-position_n or_o application_n one_o to_o another_o to_o perceive_v their_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n it_o be_v fain_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o other_o idea_n one_o or_o more_o as_o it_o happen_v to_o discover_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n which_o it_o search_v and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v reason_v thus_o the_o mind_n be_v willing_a to_o know_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n in_o bigness_n between_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n and_o two_o right_a one_o can_v by_o a_o immediate_a view_n and_o compare_v they_o do_v it_o because_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n can_v be_v bring_v at_o once_o and_o be_v compare_v with_o any_o other_o one_o or_o two_o angle_n and_o so_o of_o this_o the_o mind_n have_v no_o immediate_a no_o intuitive_a knowledge_n in_o this_o case_n the_o mind_n be_v fain_o to_o find_v out_o some_o other_o angle_n to_o which_o the_o three_o angle_n of_o a_o triangle_n have_v a_o equality_n and_o find_v those_o equal_a to_o two_o right_a one_o come_v to_o know_v their_o equality_n to_o two_o right_a one_o §_o 3._o those_o intervening_a idea_n which_o serve_v to_o show_v the_o agreement_n of_o any_o two_o other_o be_v call_v proof_n and_o where_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v by_o this_o mean_n plain_o and_o clear_o perceive_v it_o be_v call_v demonstration_n it_o be_v show_v to_o the_o understanding_n and_o the_o mind_n make_v see_v that_o it_o be_v so_o a_o quickness_n in_o the_o mind_n to_o find_v out_o these_o intermediate_v
nor_o can_v we_o conceive_v this_o relation_n this_o connexion_n of_o these_o two_o idea_n to_o be_v possible_o mutable_a or_o depend_v on_o any_o arbitrary_a power_n which_o of_o choice_n make_v it_o thus_o or_o can_v make_v it_o otherwise_o but_o the_o coherence_n and_o continuity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o matter_n the_o production_n of_o sensation_n in_o we_o of_o colour_n and_o sound_n etc._n etc._n by_o impulse_n and_o motion_n nay_o the_o original_a rule_n and_o communication_n of_o motion_n be_v such_o wherein_o we_o can_v discover_v no_o natural_a connexion_n with_o any_o idea_n we_o have_v we_o can_v but_o ascribe_v they_o to_o the_o arbitrary_a will_n and_o good_a pleasure_n of_o the_o wise_a architect_n i_o need_v not_o i_o think_v here_o mention_v the_o resurrection_n of_o our_o body_n the_o future_a state_n of_o this_o globe_n of_o earth_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v by_o every_o one_o acknowledge_v to_o depend_v whole_o on_o the_o determination_n of_o a_o free_a agent_n the_o thing_n that_o as_o far_o as_o our_o observation_n reach_v we_o constant_o find_v to_o proceed_v regular_o we_o may_v conclude_v do_v act_n by_o a_o law_n set_v they_o but_o yet_o a_o law_n that_o we_o know_v not_o whereby_o though_o cause_n work_v steady_o and_o effect_n constant_o flow_v from_o they_o yet_o their_o connexion_n and_o dependency_n be_v not_o discoverable_a in_o our_o idea_n we_o can_v have_v but_o a_o experimental_a knowledge_n of_o they_o from_o all_o which_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o perceive_v what_o a_o darkness_n we_o be_v involve_v in_o how_o little_a it_o be_v of_o be_v and_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v that_o we_o be_v capable_a to_o know_v and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v do_v no_o injury_n to_o our_o knowledge_n when_o we_o modest_o think_v with_o ourselves_o that_o we_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v able_a to_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a nature_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o all_o the_o thing_n contain_v in_o it_o that_o we_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o philosophical_a knowledge_n of_o the_o body_n that_o be_v about_o we_o and_o make_v a_o part_n of_o we_o concern_v their_o secundary_a quality_n power_n and_o operation_n we_o can_v have_v no_o universal_a certainty_n several_a effect_n come_v every_o day_n within_o the_o notice_n of_o our_o sense_n of_o which_o we_o have_v so_o far_o sensitive_a knowledge_n but_o the_o cause_n manner_n and_o certainty_n of_o their_o production_n for_o the_o two_o forego_v reason_n we_o must_v be_v content_a to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o in_o these_o we_o can_v go_v no_o far_o than_o particular_a experience_n inform_v we_o of_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o by_o analogy_n to_o guess_v what_o effect_n the_o like_a body_n be_v upon_o other_o trial_n like_a to_o produce_v but_o as_o to_o a_o perfect_a science_n of_o natural_a body_n not_o to_o mention_v spiritual_a being_n we_o be_v i_o think_v so_o far_o from_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o such_o thing_n that_o i_o conclude_v it_o lose_v labour_n to_o seek_v after_o it_o §_o 30._o three_o where_o we_o have_v adequate_a idea_n and_o where_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a and_o discoverable_a connexion_n between_o they_o yet_o we_o be_v often_o ignorant_a for_o want_v of_o trace_v those_o idea_n we_o have_v or_o may_v have_v and_o find_v out_o those_o intermediate_v idea_n which_o may_v show_v we_o what_o habitude_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n they_o have_v one_o with_o another_o and_o thus_o many_o be_v ignorant_a of_o mathematical_a truth_n not_o out_o of_o any_o imperfection_n of_o their_o faculty_n or_o uncertainty_n in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o but_o for_o want_v of_o application_n in_o acquire_v examine_v and_o by_o due_a way_n compare_v those_o idea_n that_o which_o have_v most_o contribute_v to_o hinder_v the_o due_a trace_v of_o our_o idea_n and_o find_v out_o their_o relation_n and_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n one_o with_o another_o have_v be_v i_o suppose_v the_o ill_a use_n of_o word_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o man_n shall_v ever_o true_o seek_v or_o certain_o discover_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n themselves_o whilst_o their_o thought_n flutter_v about_o or_o stick_v only_o in_o sound_n of_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a signification_n mathematician_n abstract_v their_o thought_n from_o name_n and_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o set_v before_o their_o mind_n the_o idea_n themselves_o that_o they_o will_v consider_v and_o not_o sound_v instead_o of_o they_o have_v avoid_v thereby_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o perplexity_n pudder_a and_o confusion_n which_o have_v so_o much_o hinder_v man_n progress_n in_o other_o part_n of_o knowledge_n who_o stick_v in_o word_n of_o undetermined_a and_o uncertain_a signification_n be_v unable_a to_o distinguish_v true_a from_o false_a certain_a from_o probable_a consistent_a from_o inconsistent_a in_o their_o own_o opinion_n whereby_o the_o increase_n bring_v into_o the_o stock_n of_o real_a knowledge_n have_v be_v very_o little_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o school_n dispute_n and_o write_n the_o world_n have_v be_v fill_v with_o whilst_o man_n be_v lose_v in_o the_o great_a wood_n of_o word_n know_v not_o whereabout_o they_o be_v how_o far_o their_o discovery_n be_v advance_v or_o what_o be_v want_v in_o their_o own_o or_o the_o general_a stock_n of_o knowledge_n have_v man_n in_o their_o discovery_n of_o the_o material_a do_v as_o they_o have_v in_o those_o of_o the_o intellectual_a world_n involve_v all_o in_o the_o obscurity_n of_o uncertain_a and_o doubtful_a term_n and_o way_n of_o talk_v volume_n write_v of_o navigation_n and_o voyage_n theory_n and_o story_n of_o zone_n and_o tide_n multiply_v and_o dispute_v nay_o ship_n build_v and_o fleet_n set_v out_o will_v never_o have_v teach_v we_o the_o way_n beyond_o the_o line_n and_o the_o antipode_n will_v be_v still_o as_o much_o unknown_a as_o when_o it_o be_v declare_v heresy_n to_o hold_v there_o be_v any_o but_o have_v speak_v sufficient_o of_o word_n and_o the_o ill_a or_o careless_a use_n that_o be_v common_o make_v of_o they_o i_o shall_v not_o say_v any_o thing_n more_o of_o it_o here_o §_o 31._o hitherto_o we_o have_v examine_v the_o extent_n of_o our_o knowledge_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o being_n that_n be_v there_o be_v another_o extent_n of_o it_o in_o respect_n of_o universality_n which_o will_v also_o deserve_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o in_o this_o regard_n our_o knowledge_n follow_v the_o nature_n of_o our_o idea_n if_o the_o idea_n be_v abstract_a who_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n we_o perceive_v our_o knowledge_n be_v universal_a for_o what_o be_v know_v of_o such_o general_a idea_n will_v be_v true_a of_o every_o particular_a thing_n in_o who_o that_o essence_n i._n e._n that_o abstract_a idea_n be_v to_o be_v find_v and_o what_o be_v once_o know_v of_o such_o idea_n will_v be_v perpetual_o and_o for_o ever_o true_a so_o that_o as_o to_o all_o general_a knowledge_n we_o must_v search_v and_o find_v it_o only_o in_o our_o own_o mind_n and_o it_o be_v only_o the_o examine_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n that_o furnish_v we_o with_o that_o truth_n belong_v to_o essence_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o abstract_a idea_n be_v eternal_a and_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o contemplation_n only_o of_o those_o essence_n as_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v know_v only_o from_o experience_n but_o have_v more_o to_o of_o this_o in_o the_o chapter_n where_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o general_a and_o real_a knowledge_n this_o may_v here_o suffice_v as_o to_o the_o universality_n of_o our_o knowledge_n in_o general_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o reality_n of_o our_o knowledge_n §_o 1._o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o my_o reader_n by_o this_o time_n may_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o i_o have_v be_v all_o this_o while_n only_o build_v a_o castle_n in_o the_o air_n and_o be_v ready_a to_o say_v to_o i_o to_o what_o purpose_n all_o this_o stir_n knowledge_n say_v you_o be_v only_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o own_o idea_n but_o who_o know_v what_o those_o idea_n may_v be_v be_v there_o any_o thing_n so_o extravagant_a as_o the_o imagination_n of_o man_n brain_n where_o be_v the_o head_n that_o have_v no_o chimaera_n in_o it_o or_o if_o there_o be_v a_o sober_a and_o a_o wise_a man_n what_o difference_n will_v there_o be_v by_o your_o rule_n between_o his_o knowledge_n and_o that_o of_o the_o most_o extravagant_a fancy_n in_o the_o world_n they_o both_o have_v their_o idea_n and_o perceive_v their_o agreement_n and_o disagreement_n one_o with_o another_o if_o there_o be_v any_o difference_n between_o they_o the_o advantage_n will_v be_v on_o the_o warm-headed_n man_n side_n as_o have_v the_o more_o idea_n and_o the_o more_o lively_a and_o so_o by_o your_o rule_n he_o will_v be_v the_o more_o
agree_v to_o several_a abstract_n idea_n of_o which_o we_o make_v those_o name_n the_o sign_n be_v to_o confound_v truth_n and_o introduce_v uncertainty_n into_o all_o general_a proposition_n that_o can_v be_v make_v about_o they_o though_o therefore_o these_o thing_n may_v to_o people_n not_o possess_v with_o scholastic_a learning_n be_v perhaps_o treat_v of_o in_o a_o better_a and_o clear_a way_n yet_o those_o wrong_a notion_n of_o essence_n and_o species_n have_v get_v root_n in_o most_o people_n mind_n who_o have_v receive_v any_o tincture_n from_o the_o learning_n which_o have_v prevail_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v and_o remove_v to_o make_v way_n for_o that_o use_n of_o word_n which_o shall_v convey_v certainty_n with_o it_o §_o 5._o the_o name_n of_o substance_n then_o wheâ—ever_o make_v to_o stand_v for_o species_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v constitute_v by_o real_a essence_n which_o we_o know_v not_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o convey_v certainty_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o general_a proposition_n make_v up_o of_o such_o term_n we_o can_v be_v sure_o §_o 6._o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o name_n of_o substance_n when_o make_v use_v of_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v for_o the_o idea_n man_n have_v in_o their_o mind_n though_o they_o carry_v a_o clear_a and_o determinate_a signification_n with_o they_o will_v not_o yet_o serve_v we_o to_o make_v many_o universal_a proposition_n of_o who_o truth_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a not_o because_o in_o this_o use_n of_o they_o we_o be_v uncertain_a what_o thing_n be_v signify_v by_o they_o but_o because_o the_o complex_fw-la ideas_n they_o stand_v for_o be_v such_o combination_n of_o simple_a one_o as_o carry_v not_o with_o they_o any_o discoverable_a connexion_n or_o repugnancy_n but_o with_o a_o very_a few_o other_o idea_n §_o 7._o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n that_o our_o name_n of_o substance_n proper_o stand_v for_o be_v collection_n of_o such_o quality_n as_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o co-exist_a but_o what_o other_o quality_n necessary_o co-exist_a with_o such_o combination_n we_o can_v certain_o know_v unless_o we_o can_v discover_v their_o natural_a dependence_n which_o in_o their_o primary_n quality_n we_o can_v go_v but_o a_o very_a little_a way_n in_o and_o in_o all_o their_o secundary_a quality_n we_o can_v discover_v no_o connexion_n at_o all_o for_o the_o reason_n mention_v chap._n 3._o viz._n 1._o because_o we_o know_v not_o the_o real_a constitution_n of_o substance_n on_o which_o each_o secundary_a quality_n particular_o depend_v 2._o do_v we_o know_v that_o it_o will_v serve_v we_o only_o for_o experimental_a not_o universal_a knowledge_n and_o reach_v with_o certainty_n no_o far_o than_o that_o bare_a instance_n because_o our_o understanding_n can_v discover_v no_o conceivable_a connexion_n between_o any_o secundary_a quality_n and_o any_o modification_n whatsoever_o of_o any_o of_o the_o primary_n one_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v very_o few_o general_a proposition_n to_o be_v make_v concern_v substance_n which_o can_v carry_v with_o they_o undoubted_a certainty_n §_o 8._o all_o gold_n be_v fix_v be_v a_o proposition_n who_o truth_n we_o can_v be_v certain_a of_o how_o universal_o soever_o it_o be_v believe_v for_o if_o according_a to_o the_o useless_a imagination_n of_o the_o school_n any_o one_o suppose_v the_o term_n gold_n to_o stand_v for_o a_o species_n of_o thing_n set_v out_o by_o nature_n by_o a_o real_a essence_n belong_v to_o it_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o know_v not_o what_o particular_a substance_n be_v of_o that_o species_n and_o so_o can_v with_o certainty_n affirm_v any_o thing_n universal_o of_o gold_n but_o if_o he_o make_v gold_n stand_v for_o a_o species_n determine_v by_o its_o nominal_a essence_n let_v the_o nominal_a essence_n for_o example_n be_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o a_o body_n of_o a_o certain_a yellow_a colour_n malleable_a susible_a and_o heavy_a than_o any_o other_o know_v in_o this_o proper_a use_n of_o the_o word_n gold_n there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n to_o know_v what_o be_v or_o be_v not_o gold_n but_o yet_o no_o other_o quality_n can_v with_o certainty_n be_v universal_o affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o gold_n but_o what_o have_v a_o discoverable_a connexion_n or_o inconsistency_n with_o that_o nominal_a essence_n fixedness_n for_o example_n have_v no_o necessary_a connexion_n that_o we_o can_v discover_v with_o the_o colour_n weight_n or_o any_o other_o simple_a idea_n of_o our_o complex_fw-la one_o or_o with_o the_o whole_a combination_n together_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o we_o shall_v certain_o know_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n that_o all_o gold_n be_v fix_v §_o 9_o as_o there_o be_v no_o discoverable_a connexion_n between_o fixedness_n and_o the_o colour_n weight_n and_o other_o simple_a idea_n of_o that_o nominal_a essence_n of_o goldâ—_n â—_z so_o if_o we_o make_v our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n a_o body_n yellow_a fusible_a ductile_a weighty_a and_o fix_v we_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o same_o uncertainty_n concern_v solubility_n in_o aq._n regius_fw-la and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n since_o we_o can_v never_o from_o consideration_n of_o the_o idea_n themselves_o with_o certainty_n affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o a_o body_n who_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v make_v up_o of_o yellow_a very_o weighty_a ductile_a fusible_a and_o fix_v that_o it_o be_v soluble_a in_o aq._n regius_fw-la and_o so_o on_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o quality_n i_o will_v glad_o meet_v with_o one_o general_a affirmation_n concern_v any_o quality_n of_o gold_n that_o any_o one_o can_v certain_o know_v be_v true_a it_o will_v no_o doubt_n be_v present_o object_v be_v not_o this_o a_o universal_a certain_a proposition_n all_o gold_n be_v malleableâ—_n to_o which_o i_o answer_v it_o be_v a_o very_a certain_a proposition_n if_o malleableness_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o word_n gold_n stand_v for_o but_o then_o here_o be_v nothing_o affirm_v of_o gold_n but_o that_o that_o sound_v stand_v for_o a_o idea_n in_o which_o malleableness_n be_v contain_v and_o such_o a_o sort_n of_o truth_n and_o certainty_n as_o this_o it_o be_v to_o say_v a_o centaur_n be_v fourfooted_a but_o if_o malleableness_n make_v not_o a_o part_n of_o the_o specific_a essence_n the_o name_n gold_n stand_v for_o it_o be_v plain_a all_o gold_n be_v malleable_a be_v not_o a_o certain_a proposition_n because_o let_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o gold_n be_v make_v up_o of_o whichsoever_o of_o its_o other_o quality_n you_o please_v malleableness_n will_v not_o appear_v to_o depend_v on_o that_o complex_fw-la idea_n nor_o follow_v from_o any_o simple_a one_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o connexion_n that_o malleableness_n have_v if_o it_o have_v any_o with_o those_o other_o quality_n be_v only_o by_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o real_a constitution_n of_o its_o insensible_a part_n which_o since_o we_o know_v not_o it_o be_v impossible_a we_o shall_v perceive_v that_o connexion_n unless_o we_o can_v discover_v that_o which_o tie_v they_o together_o §_o 10._o the_o more_o indeed_o of_o these_o co-existing_a quality_n we_o unite_v into_o one_o complex_fw-la idea_n under_o one_o name_n the_o more_o precise_a and_o determinate_a we_o make_v the_o signification_n of_o that_o word_n but_o yet_o never_o make_v it_o more_o capable_a of_o universal_a certainty_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o quality_n not_o contain_v in_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n since_o we_o perceive_v not_o their_o connexion_n or_o dependence_n one_o on_o another_o be_v ignorant_a both_o of_o that_o real_a constitution_n in_o which_o they_o be_v all_o found_v and_o also_o how_o they_o flow_v from_o it_o for_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n concern_v substance_n be_v not_o as_o in_o other_o thing_n bare_o of_o the_o relation_n of_o two_o idea_n that_o may_v exist_v separately_z but_o of_o the_o necessary_a connexion_n and_o coexistence_n of_o several_a distinct_a idea_n in_o the_o same_o subject_a or_o of_o their_o repugnancy_n so_o to_o co-exist_a can_v we_o begin_v at_o the_o other_o end_n and_o discover_v what_o it_o be_v wherein_o that_o colour_n consist_v what_o make_v a_o body_n light_a or_o heavy_a what_o texture_n of_o part_n make_v it_o malleable_a fusible_a and_o fix_v and_o fit_a to_o be_v dissolve_v in_o this_o sort_n of_o liquor_n and_o not_o in_o another_o if_o i_o say_v we_o have_v such_o a_o idea_n as_o this_o of_o body_n and_o can_v perceive_v wherein_o all_o sensible_a quality_n original_o consist_v and_o how_o they_o be_v produce_v we_o may_v frame_v such_o abstract_n idea_n of_o they_o as_o will_v furnish_v we_o with_o matter_n of_o more_o general_a knowledge_n and_o enable_v we_o to_o make_v universal_a proposition_n that_o shall_v carry_v general_a truth_n and_o certainty_n with_o they_o but_o whilst_o our_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o the_o sort_n of_o substance_n be_v
that_o safe_o eat_v hemlock_n and_o other_o that_o be_v nourish_v by_o wood_n and_o stone_n but_o as_o long_o as_o we_o want_v idea_n of_o those_o real_a constitution_n of_o animal_n whereon_o these_o and_o the_o like_a quality_n and_o power_n depend_v we_o must_v not_o hope_v to_o reach_v certainty_n in_o universal_a proposition_n concern_v they_o those_o few_o idea_n only_o which_o have_v a_o discernible_a connexion_n with_o our_o nominal_a essence_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o can_v afford_v we_o such_o proposition_n but_o these_o be_v so_o few_o and_o of_o so_o little_a moment_n that_o we_o may_v just_o look_v on_o our_o certain_a general_a knowledge_n of_o substance_n as_o almost_o none_o at_o all_o §_o 16._o to_o conclude_v general_n proposition_n of_o what_o kind_n soever_o be_v then_o only_o capable_a of_o certainty_n when_o the_o term_n use_v in_o they_o stand_v for_o such_o idea_n who_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n as_o there_o express_v be_v capable_a to_o be_v discover_v by_o we_o and_o we_o be_v then_o certain_a of_o their_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n when_o we_o perceive_v the_o idea_n they_o stand_v for_o to_o agree_v or_o not_o agree_v according_a as_o they_o be_v affirm_v or_o deny_v one_o of_o another_o whence_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o general_a certainty_n be_v never_o to_o be_v find_v but_o in_o our_o idea_n whenever_o we_o go_v to_o seek_v it_o elsewhere_o in_o experiment_n or_o observation_n without_o we_o our_o knowledge_n go_v not_o beyond_o particular_n it_o be_v the_o contemplation_n of_o our_o own_o abstract_n idea_n that_o alone_o be_v able_a to_o afford_v we_o general_a knowledge_n chap._n vii_o of_o maxim_n §_o 1._o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o proposition_n which_o under_o the_o name_n of_o maxim_n and_o axiom_n have_v pass_v for_o principle_n of_o science_n and_o because_o they_o be_v self-evident_a have_v be_v suppose_v innate_a without_o that_o any_o body_n that_o i_o know_v ever_o go_v about_o to_o show_v the_o reason_n and_o foundation_n of_o their_o clearness_n or_o cogency_n it_o may_v however_o be_v worth_a while_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o evidence_n and_o see_v whether_o it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o they_o alone_o and_o also_o examine_v how_o far_o they_o influence_n and_o govern_v our_o other_o knowledge_n §_o 2._o knowledge_n as_o have_v be_v show_v consist_v in_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n now_o where_o that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v perceive_v immediate_o by_o itself_o without_o the_o intervention_n or_o help_n of_o any_o other_o there_o our_o knowledge_n be_v self-evident_a this_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v so_o to_o any_o one_o who_o will_v but_o consider_v any_o of_o these_o proposition_n which_o without_o any_o proof_n he_o assent_v to_o at_o first_o sight_n for_o in_o all_o these_o he_o will_v find_v that_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o assent_n be_v from_o that_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n the_o mind_n by_o a_o immediate_a compare_v they_o find_v in_o those_o idea_n answer_v the_o affirmation_n or_o negation_n in_o the_o proposition_n §_o 3._o this_o be_v so_o in_o the_o next_o place_n let_v we_o consider_v whether_o this_o self-evident_a be_v peculiar_a only_o to_o these_o proposition_n which_o be_v receive_v for_o maxim_n and_o have_v the_o dignity_n of_o axiom_n allow_v they_o and_o here_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o several_a other_o truth_n not_o allow_v to_o be_v axiom_n partake_v equal_o with_o they_o in_o this_o self-evidence_n this_o we_o shall_v see_v if_o we_o go_v over_o these_o several_a sort_n of_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o idea_n which_o i_o have_v above_o mention_v viz._n identity_n relation_n coexistence_n and_o real_a existence_n which_o will_v discover_v to_o we_o that_o not_o only_o those_o few_o proposition_n which_o have_v have_v the_o credit_n of_o maxim_n be_v self-evident_a but_o a_o great_a many_o even_o almost_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o other_o proposition_n be_v such_o §_o 4._o for_o first_o the_o immediate_a perception_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o identity_n be_v found_v in_o the_o mind_n be_v have_v distinct_a idea_n this_o afford_v we_o as_o many_o self-evident_a proposition_n as_o we_o have_v distinct_a idea_n every_o one_o that_o have_v any_o knowledge_n at_o all_o have_v as_o the_o foundation_n of_o it_o various_a and_o distinct_a idea_n and_o it_o be_v the_o first_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n without_o which_o it_o can_v never_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o knowledge_n to_o know_v every_o one_o of_o its_o idea_n by_o itself_o and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o this_o be_v that_o which_o every_o one_o find_v in_o himself_o that_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v know_v he_o know_v also_o when_o any_o one_o be_v in_o his_o understanding_n and_o what_o it_o be_v and_o when_o more_o than_o one_o be_v there_o he_o know_v they_o distinct_o and_o unconfuse_o one_o from_o another_o which_o always_o be_v so_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o he_o shall_v perceive_v what_o he_o perceive_v he_o can_v never_o be_v in_o doubt_n when_o any_o idea_n be_v in_o his_o mind_n that_o it_o be_v there_o and_o be_v that_o idea_n it_o be_v and_o that_o two_o distinct_a idea_n when_o they_o be_v in_o his_o mind_n be_v there_o and_o be_v not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o idea_n so_o that_o all_o such_o affirmation_n and_o negation_n be_v make_v without_o any_o possibility_n of_o doubt_n uncertainty_n or_o hesitation_n and_o must_v necessary_o be_v assent_v to_o as_o soon_o as_o understand_v that_o be_v as_o soon_o as_o we_o have_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o idea_n clear_a and_o distinct_a which_o the_o term_n in_o the_o proposition_n stand_v for_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o alone_o to_o these_o two_o general_a proposition_n whatsoever_o be_v be_v and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v that_o this_o self-evidence_n belong_v by_o any_o peculiar_a right_n the_o perception_n of_o be_v or_o not_o be_v belong_v no_o more_o no_o these_o vague_n idea_n signify_v by_o the_o term_n whatsoever_o and_o thing_n than_o it_o do_v to_o any_o other_o idea_n the_o mind_n without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o proof_n perceive_v as_o clear_o and_o know_v as_o certain_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o white_a be_v the_o idea_n of_o white_a and_o not_o the_o idea_n of_o blue_n and_o that_o the_o idea_n of_o white_a when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n be_v there_o and_o be_v not_o absent_a and_o so_o a_o triangle_n motion_n a_o man_n or_o any_o other_o idea_n whatsoever_o so_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o identity_n our_o intuitive_a knowledge_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o our_o idea_n and_o so_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o make_v as_o many_o self-evident_a proposition_n as_o we_o have_v name_n for_o distinct_a idea_n and_o i_o appeal_v to_o ever_o one_o be_v own_o mind_n whether_o this_o proposition_n a_o circle_n be_v a_o circle_n be_v not_o as_o self-evident_a a_o proposition_n as_o that_o consist_v of_o more_o general_a term_n whatsoever_o be_v be_v and_o again_o whether_o this_o proposition_n blue_n be_v not_o red_a be_v not_o a_o proposition_n that_o the_o mind_n can_v no_o more_o doubt_n of_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o understand_v the_o word_n than_o it_o do_v of_o that_o axiom_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o like_a §_o 5._o second_o as_o to_o coexistence_n or_o such_o a_o necessary_a connexion_n between_o two_o idea_n that_o in_o the_o subject_a where_o one_o of_o they_o be_v suppose_v there_o the_o other_o must_v necessary_o be_v also_o of_o such_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n as_o this_o the_o mind_n have_v a_o immediate_a perception_n but_o in_o very_a few_o of_o they_o and_o therefore_o in_o this_o sort_n we_o have_v but_o very_o little_a intuitive_a knowledge_n nor_o be_v there_o to_o be_v find_v very_o many_o proposition_n that_o be_v self-evident_a though_o some_o there_o be_v v_o g._n the_o idea_n of_o fill_v of_o a_o place_n equal_a to_o the_o content_n of_o its_o superficies_n be_v annex_v to_o our_o idea_n of_o body_n i_o think_v it_o be_v a_o self-evident_a proposition_n that_o two_o body_n can_v be_v in_o the_o same_o place_n §_o 6._o three_o as_o to_o the_o relation_n of_o modes_n mathematician_n have_v frame_v many_o axiom_n concern_v that_o one_o relation_n of_o equality_n as_o equal_v take_v from_o equal_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v equal_n which_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o kind_n however_o they_o be_v receive_v for_o maxim_n by_o the_o mathematician_n and_o be_v unquestionable_a truth_n yet_o i_o think_v that_o any_o one_o who_o consider_v they_o will_v not_o find_v that_o they_o have_v a_o clear_a self-evidence_n than_o these_o that_o one_o and_o one_o be_v equal_a to_o two_o that_o if_o you_o
take_v from_o the_o five_o finger_n of_o one_o hand_n two_o and_o from_o the_o five_o finger_n of_o the_o other_o hand_n two_o the_o remain_a number_n will_v be_v equal_a these_o and_o a_o thousand_o other_o such_o proposition_n may_v be_v find_v in_o number_n which_o at_o very_a first_o hear_n force_v the_o assent_n and_o carry_v with_o they_o a_o equal_a if_o not_o great_a clearness_n than_o those_o mathematical_a axiom_n §_o 7._o four_o as_o to_o real_a existence_n since_o that_o have_v no_o connexion_n with_o any_o other_o of_o our_o idea_n but_o that_o of_o ourselves_o and_o of_o a_o first_o be_v we_o have_v in_o that_o concern_v the_o real_a existence_n of_o all_o other_o being_n not_o so_o much_o as_o demonstrative_a much_o less_o a_o self-evident_a knowledge_n and_o therefore_o concern_v those_o there_o be_v no_o maxim_n §_o 8._o in_o the_o next_o place_n let_v we_o consider_v what_o influence_n those_o receive_a maxim_n have_v upon_o the_o other_o part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n the_o rule_v establish_v in_o the_o school_n that_o all_o reason_n be_v ex_fw-la praecognitis_fw-la &_o prac_fw-la incessis_fw-la seem_v to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o other_o knowledge_n in_o these_o maxim_n and_o to_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v praecognita_fw-la whereby_o i_o think_v be_v mean_v these_o two_o thing_n first_o that_o these_o axiom_n be_v those_o truth_n that_o be_v first_o know_v to_o the_o mind_n and_o second_o that_o upon_o they_o the_o other_o part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n depend_v §_o 9_o first_o that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o truth_n first_o know_v to_o the_o mind_n be_v evident_a to_o experience_n who_o perceive_v not_o that_o a_o child_n certain_o know_v that_o a_o stranger_n be_v not_o its_o mother_n that_o its_o sucking-bottle_n be_v not_o the_o rod_n long_o before_o he_o know_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o beâ—_n and_o how_o many_o truth_n be_v there_o about_o number_n which_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o observe_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v perfect_o acquaint_v with_o and_o ul_o convince_v of_o before_o it_o ever_o think_v on_o these_o general_a maxim_n to_o which_o mathematician_n in_o their_o arguing_n do_v sometime_o refer_v they_o whereof_o the_o reason_n be_v very_o plain_a for_o that_o which_o make_v the_o mind_n assent_n to_o such_o proposition_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o perception_n it_o have_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o its_o idea_n according_a as_o it_o find_v they_o affirm_v or_o deny_v one_o of_o another_o in_o word_n it_o understand_v and_o every_o idea_n be_v know_v to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o every_o two_o distinct_a idea_n not_o to_o be_v same_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o such_o self-evident_a truth_n must_v be_v first_o know_v which_o consist_v of_o idea_n that_o be_v first_o in_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o idea_n first_o in_o the_o mind_n it_o be_v evident_a be_v those_o of_o particuliar_a thing_n from_o whence_o by_o slow_a degree_n the_o understanding_n proceed_v to_o some_o few_o general_a one_o which_o be_v take_v from_o the_o ordinary_a and_o familiar_a object_n of_o sense_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o mind_n with_o general_a name_n to_o they_o thus_o particular_a idea_n be_v first_o receive_v and_o distinguish_v and_o so_o knowledge_n get_v about_o they_o and_o next_o to_o they_o the_o less_o general_a or_o specific_a which_o be_v next_o to_o particular_a for_o abstract_a idea_n be_v not_o so_o obvious_a or_o easy_a to_o child_n or_o the_o yet_o unexercised_a mind_n as_o particular_a one_o if_o they_o seem_v so_o to_o grow_v man_n it_o be_v only_a because_o by_o constant_a and_o familiar_a use_n they_o be_v make_v so_o for_o when_o we_o necely_a reflect_v upon_o they_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o general_a idea_n be_v fiction_n and_o contrivance_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o carry_v difficulty_n with_o they_o and_o do_v not_o so_o easy_o offer_v themselves_o as_o we_o be_v apt_a to_o imagine_v for_o example_n do_v it_o not_o require_v some_o pain_n and_o skill_n to_o form_v the_o general_a idea_n of_o a_o triangle_n which_o be_v yet_o none_o of_o the_o most_o abstract_a comprehensive_a and_o difficult_a for_o it_o must_v be_v neither_o oblique_a nor_o rectangle_n neither_o equilateral_a equicrural_a nor_o scalenon_fw-mi but_o all_o and_o none_o of_o these_o at_o once_o in_o effect_n it_o be_v something_o imperfect_a that_o can_v exist_v a_o idea_n wherein_o some_o part_n of_o several_a different_a and_o inconsistent_a idea_n be_v put_v together_o it_o be_v true_a the_o mind_n in_o this_o imperfect_a state_n have_v need_n of_o such_o idea_n and_o make_v all_o the_o haste_n to_o they_o it_o can_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o communication_n and_o enlargement_n of_o knowledge_n to_o both_o which_o it_o be_v natural_o very_o much_o incline_v but_o yet_o one_o have_v reason_n to_o suspect_v such_o idea_n be_v mark_n of_o our_o imperfection_n at_o least_o this_o be_v enough_o to_o show_v that_o the_o most_o abstract_a and_o general_a idea_n be_v not_o those_o that_o the_o mind_n be_v first_o and_o most_o easy_o acquaint_v with_o nor_o such_o as_o its_o early_a knowledge_n be_v conversant_a about_o §_o 10._o second_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o plain_o follow_v that_o these_o magnify_a maxim_n be_v not_o the_o principle_n and_o foundation_n of_o all_o our_o other_o knowledge_n for_o if_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o other_o truth_n which_o have_v as_o much_o self-evidence_n as_o they_o and_o a_o great_a many_o that_o we_o know_v before_o they_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v the_o principle_n from_o which_o we_o deduce_v all_o other_o truth_n be_v it_o impossible_a to_o know_v that_o one_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o three_o but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o or_o some_o such_o axiom_n viz._n the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n take_v together_o many_o a_o one_o know_v that_o one_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o three_o without_o have_v hear_v or_o think_v on_o that_o or_o any_o other_o axiom_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v prove_v and_o know_v it_o as_o certain_o as_o any_o other_o man_n know_v that_o the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n or_o any_o other_o maxim_n and_o all_o from_o the_o same_o reason_n of_o self-evidence_n the_o equality_n of_o those_o idea_n be_v as_o visible_a and_o certain_a to_o he_o without_o that_o or_o any_o other_o axiom_n as_o with_o it_o it_o need_v no_o proof_n to_o make_v it_o perceive_v nor_o after_o the_o knowledge_n that_o the_o whole_a be_v equal_a to_o all_o its_o part_n do_v he_o know_v that_o one_o and_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o three_o better_a or_o more_o certain_o than_o he_o do_v before_o for_o if_o there_o be_v any_o odds_o in_o those_o idea_n the_o whole_a and_o part_n be_v more_o obscure_a or_o at_o least_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o mind_n than_o those_o of_o one_o two_o and_o three_o and_o indeed_o i_o think_v i_o may_v ask_v these_o man_n who_o will_v needs_o have_v all_o knowledge_n beside_o those_o general_a principle_n themselves_o to_o depend_v on_o general_n innate_a and_o self-evident_a principle_n what_o principle_n be_v requisite_a to_o prove_v that_o one_o and_o one_o be_v two_o that_o two_o and_o two_o be_v four_o that_o three_o time_n two_o be_v six_o which_o be_v know_v without_o any_o proof_n do_v evince_n that_o either_o all_o knowledge_n do_v not_o depend_v on_o certain_a praecognita_fw-la or_o general_a maxim_n call_v principle_n or_o else_o that_o these_o be_v principle_n and_o if_o these_o be_v to_o be_v count_v principle_n a_o great_a part_n of_o numeration_n will_v be_v so_o to_o which_o if_o we_o add_v all_o the_o self-evident_a proposition_n may_v be_v make_v about_o all_o our_o distinct_a idea_n principle_n will_v be_v almost_o infinite_a at_o least_o innumerable_a which_o man_n arrive_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o at_o different_a age_n and_o a_o great_a many_o of_o these_o innate_a principle_n they_o never_o come_v to_o know_v all_o their_o life_n but_o whether_o they_o come_v in_o view_n of_o the_o mind_n early_o or_o late_a this_o be_v true_a of_o they_o that_o they_o be_v all_o know_v by_o their_o native_a evidence_n be_v whole_o independent_a receive_v no_o light_n nor_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o proof_n one_o from_o another_o much_o less_o the_o more_o particular_a from_o the_o more_o general_a or_o the_o more_o simple_a from_o the_o more_o compound_v the_o more_o simple_a and_o less_o abstract_n be_v the_o most_o familiar_a and_o the_o easy_a and_o early_o apprehend_v but_o whichever_o be_v the_o clear_a idea_n the_o evidence_n and_o certainty_n of_o all_o such_o proposition_n be_v in_o this_o that_o a_o man_n see_v the_o same_o idea_n to_o be_v the_o same_o idea_n and_o infallible_o perceive_v two_o
the_o truth_n of_o other_o without_o proof_n which_o be_v as_o self-evident_a as_o these_o and_o upon_o the_o very_a same_o ground_n intuitive_a knowledge_n neither_o require_v nor_o admit_v any_o proof_n one_o part_n of_o it_o more_o than_o another_o he_o that_o will_v suppose_v it_o do_v take_v away_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o knowledge_n and_o certainty_n and_o he_o that_o need_v any_o proof_n to_o make_v he_o certain_a and_o give_v his_o assent_n to_o this_o proposition_n that_o two_o be_v equal_a to_o two_o will_v also_o have_v need_n of_o a_o proof_n to_o make_v he_o admit_v that_o what_o be_v be_v he_o that_o need_v a_o probation_n to_o convince_v he_o that_o two_o be_v not_o three_o that_o white_a be_v not_o black_a that_o a_o triangle_n be_v not_o a_o circle_n etc._n etc._n or_o any_o other_o two_o clear_a distinct_a idea_n be_v not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o will_v need_v also_o a_o demonstration_n to_o convince_v he_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v and_o not_o to_o be_v §_o 20._o and_o as_o these_o maxim_n be_v of_o little_a use_n where_o we_o have_v clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n so_o they_o be_v as_o i_o have_v show_v of_o dangerous_a use_n where_o our_o idea_n be_v not_o clear_a and_o distinct_a and_o where_o we_o use_v word_n that_o be_v not_o annex_v to_o clear_v and_o distinct_a idea_n but_o to_o such_o as_o be_v of_o a_o loose_a and_o wander_a signification_n sometime_o stand_v for_o one_o and_o sometime_o for_o another_o idea_n from_o which_o follow_v mistake_v and_o error_n which_o these_o maxim_n bring_v as_o proof_n to_o establish_v proposition_n wherein_o the_o term_n stand_v for_o confuse_a or_o uncertain_a idea_n do_v by_o their_o authority_n confirm_v and_o rivet_v chap._n viii_o of_o trifle_a proposition_n §_o 1._o whether_o the_o maxim_n treat_v of_o in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n be_v of_o that_o use_n to_o real_a knowledge_n as_o be_v general_o suppose_v i_o leave_v to_o be_v consider_v this_o i_o think_v may_v confident_o be_v affirm_v that_o there_o be_v universal_a proposition_n that_o though_o they_o be_v certain_o true_a yet_o they_o add_v no_o light_n to_o our_o understanding_n bring_v no_o increase_n to_o our_o knowledge_n such_o be_v §_o 2._o first_o all_o pure_o identical_a proposition_n these_o obvious_o and_o at_o first_o blush_n appear_v to_o contain_v no_o instruction_n in_o they_o for_o when_o we_o affirm_v the_o same_o term_n of_o itself_o whether_o it_o be_v bare_o verbal_a or_o whether_o it_o contain_v any_o clear_a and_o real_a idea_n it_o show_v we_o nothing_o but_o what_o we_o must_v certain_o know_v before_o whether_o such_o a_o proposition_n be_v either_o make_v by_o or_o propose_v to_o we_o indeed_o that_o most_o general_a one_o what_o be_v be_v may_v serve_v sometime_o to_o show_v a_o man_n the_o absurdity_n he_o be_v guilty_a of_o when_o by_o circumlocution_n or_o equivocal_a term_n he_o will_v in_o particular_a instance_n deny_v the_o same_o thing_n of_o itself_o because_o no_o body_n will_v so_o open_o bid_v defiance_n to_o common_a sense_n as_o to_o affirm_v visible_a and_o direct_a contradiction_n in_o plain_a word_n or_o if_o he_o do_v a_o man_n be_v excuse_v if_o he_o break_v off_o any_o far_a discourse_n with_o he_o but_o yet_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v that_o neither_o that_o receive_a maxim_n nor_o any_o other_o identical_a proposition_n teach_v we_o any_o thing_n and_o though_o in_o such_o kind_n of_o proposition_n this_o great_a and_o magnify_a maxim_n boast_v to_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o demonstration_n may_v be_v and_o often_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o confirm_v they_o yet_o all_o it_o prove_v amount_n to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o the_o same_o word_n may_v with_o great_a certainty_n be_v affirm_v of_o itself_o without_o any_o doubt_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o such_o proposition_n and_o let_v i_o add_v also_o without_o any_o real_a knowledge_n §_o 3._o for_o at_o this_o rate_n any_o very_a ignorant_a person_n who_o can_v but_o make_v a_o proposition_n and_o know_v what_o he_o mean_v when_o he_o say_v ay_o or_o no_o may_v make_v a_o million_o of_o proposition_n of_o who_o truth_n he_o may_v be_v infallible_o certain_a and_o yet_o not_o know_v one_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n thereby_o v_o g._n what_o be_v a_o soul_n be_v a_o soulâ—_n or_o a_o soul_n be_v a_o soul_n a_o spirit_n be_v a_o spirit_n a_o fetiche_a be_v a_o fetiche_a etc._n etc._n these_o all_o be_v equivalent_a to_o this_o proposition_n viz._n what_o be_v be_v i._n e._n what_o have_v existence_n have_v existence_n or_o who_o have_v a_o soul_n have_v a_o soul_n what_o be_v this_o more_o than_o trifle_v with_o word_n it_o be_v but_o like_o a_o monkey_n shift_v his_o oyster_n from_o one_o hand_n to_o the_o other_o and_o have_v he_o have_v but_o word_n might_n no_o doubt_n have_v say_v oyster_n in_o right_a hand_n be_v subject_a and_o oyster_n in_o left_a hand_n be_v predicate_v and_o so_o may_v have_v make_v a_o self-evident_a proposition_n of_o oyster_n i._n e._n oyster_n be_v oyster_n and_o yet_o with_o all_o this_o not_o have_v be_v one_o whit_n the_o wise_a or_o more_o know_v and_o that_o way_n of_o handle_v the_o matter_n will_v much_o at_o one_o have_v satisfy_v the_o monkey_n hunger_n or_o a_o man_n understanding_n and_o they_o will_v have_v improve_v in_o knowledge_n and_o bulk_n together_o §_o 4._o second_o another_o sort_n of_o trifle_a proposition_n be_v when_o a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n be_v predicate_v of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a a_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o word_n define_v such_o be_v all_o proposition_n wherein_o the_o genus_fw-la be_v predicate_v of_o the_o species_n or_o more_o comprehensive_a of_o less_o comprehensive_a termsâ—_n for_o what_o information_n what_o knowledge_n carry_v this_o preposition_n in_o it_o viz._n lead_n be_v a_o metal_n to_o a_o man_n who_o know_v the_o complex_fw-la idea_n the_o name_n lead_v stand_v for_o all_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o go_v to_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o signify_v by_o the_o term_n metal_n be_v nothing_o but_o what_o he_o before_o comprehend_v and_o signify_v by_o the_o name_n lead_v indeed_o to_o a_o man_n that_o know_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n metal_n and_o not_o of_o the_o word_n lead_v it_o be_v a_o short_a way_n to_o explain_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n lead_v by_o say_v it_o be_v a_o metal_n which_o at_o once_o express_v several_a of_o its_o simple_a idea_n than_o to_o enumerate_v they_o one_o by_o one_o tell_v he_o it_o be_v a_o body_n very_o heavy_a fusible_a and_o malleable_a §_o 5._o alike_o trifle_v it_o be_v to_o predicate_v any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o term_n define_v or_o to_o affirm_v any_o one_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n of_o a_o complex_fw-la one_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a complex_fw-la idea_n as_o all_o gold_n be_v fusible_a for_o fusibility_n be_v one_o of_o the_o simple_a idea_n that_o go_v to_o the_o make_v up_o the_o complex_fw-la one_o the_o sound_a gold_n stand_v for_o what_o can_v it_o be_v but_o play_v with_o sound_n by_o affirm_v that_o of_o the_o name_n gold_n which_o be_v comprehend_v in_o its_o receive_a signification_n it_o will_v be_v think_v little_o better_o than_o ridiculous_a to_o affirm_v grave_o as_o a_o truth_n of_o moment_n that_o gold_n be_v yellow_a and_o i_o see_v not_o how_o it_o be_v any_o jot_n more_o material_a to_o say_v it_o be_v fusible_a unless_o that_o quality_n be_v leave_v out_o of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o which_o the_o sound_a gold_n be_v the_o mark_n in_o ordinary_a speech_n what_o instruction_n can_v it_o carry_v with_o it_o to_o tell_v one_o that_o which_o he_o have_v be_v tell_v already_o or_o he_o be_v suppose_v to_o know_v before_o for_o i_o be_o suppose_v to_o know_v the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n another_o use_n to_o i_o or_o else_o he_o be_v to_o tell_v i_o and_o if_o i_o know_v that_o the_o name_n gold_n stand_v for_o this_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o body_n yellow_a heavy_a fusible_a malleable_a it_o will_v not_o much_o instruct_v i_o to_o put_v it_o solemn_o afterward_o in_o a_o proposition_n and_o grave_o say_v all_o gold_n be_v fusible_a such_o proposition_n can_v only_o serve_v to_o show_v the_o disingenuity_n of_o one_o who_o will_v go_v from_o the_o definition_n of_o his_o own_o term_n by_o re-minding_a he_o sometime_o of_o it_o but_o carry_v no_o knowledge_n with_o they_o but_o of_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n however_o certain_a they_o be_v §_o 6._o every_o man_n be_v a_o animal_n or_o live_a body_n be_v as_o certain_a a_o proposition_n as_o can_v be_v but_o no_o more_o conduce_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n than_o to_o say_v a_o palfry_n
contain_v in_o the_o other_o twenty_o time_n and_o contain_v the_o other_o twelve_o which_o a_o man_n may_v also_o do_v in_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n by_o make_v they_o in_o respect_n of_o one_o another_o more_o or_o less_o or_o equal_o comprehensive_a §_o 11._o though_o yet_o concern_v most_o word_n use_v in_o discourse_n especial_o argumentative_a and_o controversial_a there_o be_v this_o more_o to_o be_v complain_v of_o which_o be_v the_o worst_a sort_n of_o trifle_a and_o which_o set_v we_o yet_o far_o from_o the_o certainty_n of_o knowledge_n we_o hope_v to_o attain_v by_o they_o or_o find_v in_o they_o viz._n that_o most_o writer_n be_v so_o far_o from_o instruct_v we_o in_o the_o nature_n and_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n that_o they_o use_v their_o word_n loose_o and_o uncertain_o and_o do_v not_o by_o use_v they_o constant_o and_o steady_o in_o the_o same_o signification_n make_v plain_a and_o clear_a deduction_n of_o word_n one_o from_o another_o and_o make_v their_o discourse_n coherent_a and_o clear_a how_o little_a soever_o it_o be_v instructive_a which_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o do_v do_v they_o not_o find_v it_o convenient_a to_o shelter_v their_o ignorance_n or_o obstinacy_n under_o the_o obscurity_n and_o perplexedness_n of_o their_o term_n to_o which_o perhaps_o inadvertency_n and_o ill_a custom_n do_v in_o many_o man_n much_o contribute_v §_o 12._o to_o conclude_v bare_o verbal_a proposition_n may_v be_v know_v by_o these_o follow_a mark_n first_o all_o proposition_n wherein_o two_o abstract_a term_n be_v affirm_v one_o of_o another_o be_v bare_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o sound_n for_o since_o no_o abstract_a idea_n can_v be_v the_o same_o with_o any_o other_o but_o its_o self_n when_o its_o abstract_n name_n be_v affirm_v of_o any_o other_o term_n it_o can_v signify_v no_o more_o but_o this_o that_o it_o may_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v call_v by_o that_o name_n or_o that_o these_o two_o name_n signify_v the_o same_o idea_n thus_o shall_v any_o one_o say_v that_o parsimony_n be_v frugality_n that_o gratitude_n be_v justice_n that_o this_o or_o that_o action_n be_v or_o â—s_v not_o temperance_n however_o specious_a these_o and_o the_o like_a proposition_n may_v at_o first_o sight_n seem_v yet_o when_o we_o come_v to_o press_v they_o and_o examine_v nice_o what_o they_o contain_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o it_o all_o amount_n to_o nothing_o but_o the_o signfication_n of_o those_o term_n §_o 13._o second_o all_o proposition_n wherein_o a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_fw-la idea_n which_o any_o term_n stand_v for_o be_v predicate_v of_o that_o term_n be_v only_o verbal_a v_o g._n to_o say_v that_o gold_n be_v a_o metal_n or_o heavy_a and_o thus_o all_o proposition_n wherein_o more_o comprehensive_a word_n call_v genera_n be_v affirm_v of_o subordinate_a or_o less_o comprehensive_a call_v species_n or_o individual_n be_v bare_o verbal_a when_o by_o these_o two_o rule_n we_o have_v examine_v the_o proposition_n that_o make_v up_o the_o discourse_n we_o ordinary_o meet_v with_o both_o in_o and_o out_o of_o book_n we_o shall_v perhaps_o find_v that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o than_o be_v usual_o suspect_v be_v pure_o about_o the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o contain_v nothing_o in_o they_o but_o the_o use_n and_o application_n of_o these_o sign_n this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v lay_v down_o for_o a_o infallible_a rule_n that_o wherever_o the_o distinct_a idea_n any_o word_n stand_v for_o be_v not_o know_v and_o consider_v and_o something_o not_o contain_v in_o that_o idea_n be_v not_o affirm_v or_o deny_v of_o it_o there_o our_o thought_n stick_v whole_o in_o sound_n and_o be_v able_a to_o attain_v no_o real_a truth_n or_o falsehood_n this_o perhaps_o if_o well_o heed_v may_v save_v we_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o useless_a amusement_n and_o dispute_n and_o very_o much_o shorten_v our_o trouble_n and_o wander_v in_o the_o search_n of_o real_a and_o true_a knowledge_n chap._n ix_o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o existence_n §_o 1._o hitherto_o we_o have_v only_o consider_v the_o essence_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v only_o abstract_a idea_n and_o thereby_o remove_v in_o our_o thought_n from_o particular_a existence_n that_o be_v the_o proper_a operation_n of_o the_o mind_n in_o abstraction_n to_o consider_v a_o idea_n under_o no_o other_o existence_n but_o what_o it_o have_v in_o the_o understanding_n give_v we_o no_o knowledge_n of_o real_a existence_n at_o all_o where_o by_o the_o way_n we_o take_v notice_n that_o universal_a proposition_n of_o who_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n we_o can_v have_v certain_a knowledge_n concern_v not_o existence_n and_o far_o that_o all_o particular_a affirmation_n or_o negation_n that_o will_v not_o be_v certain_a if_o they_o be_v make_v general_a be_v only_o concern_v existence_n they_o declare_v only_o the_o accidental_a union_n or_o separation_n of_o idea_n in_o thing_n exist_v which_o in_o their_o abstract_n nature_n have_v no_o know_v necessary_a union_n or_o repugnancy_n §_o 2._o but_o leave_v the_o nature_n of_o proposition_n and_o different_a way_n of_o predication_n to_o be_v consider_v more_o at_o large_a in_o another_o place_n let_v we_o proceed_v now_o to_o inquire_v concern_v our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n and_o how_o we_o come_v by_o it_o i_o say_v then_o that_o we_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o existence_n by_o intuition_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o god_n by_o demonstrationâ—_n and_o of_o other_o thing_n by_o sensation_n §_o 3._o as_o for_o our_o own_o existence_n we_o perceive_v it_o so_o plain_o and_o so_o certain_o that_o it_o neither_o needs_o nor_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o proof_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a to_o we_o than_o our_o own_o existence_n i_o think_v i_o reason_n i_o feel_v pleasure_n and_o pain_n can_v any_o of_o these_o be_v more_o evident_a to_o i_o than_o my_o own_o existence_n if_o i_o doubt_v of_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o very_a doubt_n make_v i_o perceive_v my_o own_o existence_n and_o will_v not_o suffer_v i_o to_o doubt_v of_o that_o for_o if_o i_o know_v i_o feel_v pain_n it_o be_v evident_a i_o have_v as_o certain_a a_o perception_n of_o my_o own_o existence_n as_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o pain_n i_o feel_v or_o if_o i_o know_v i_o doubt_v i_o have_v as_o certain_a a_o perception_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o thing_n doubt_v as_o of_o that_o thought_n which_o i_o call_v doubt_n experience_n then_o convince_v we_o that_o we_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o our_o own_o existence_n and_o a_o internal_a infallible_a perception_n that_o we_o be_v in_o every_o act_n of_o sensation_n reason_v or_o think_v we_o be_v conscious_a to_o ourselves_o of_o our_o own_o be_v and_o in_o this_o matter_n come_v not_o short_a of_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o certainty_n chap._n x._o of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god._n §_o 1._o though_o god_n have_v give_v we_o no_o innate_a idea_n of_o himself_o though_o he_o have_v stamp_v no_o original_a character_n in_o our_o mind_n wherein_o we_o may_v read_v his_o be_v yet_o have_v furnish_v we_o with_o those_o faculty_n our_o mind_n be_v endow_v with_o he_o have_v not_o leave_v himself_o without_o witness_n since_o we_o have_v sense_n perception_n and_o reason_n and_o can_v want_v a_o clear_a proof_n of_o he_o as_o long_o as_o we_o carry_v ourselves_o about_o we_o nor_o can_v we_o just_o complain_v of_o our_o ignorance_n in_o this_o great_a point_n since_o he_o have_v so_o plentiful_o provide_v we_o with_o the_o mean_n to_o discover_v and_o know_v he_o so_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o end_n of_o our_o be_v and_o the_o great_a concernment_n of_o our_o happiness_n but_o though_o this_o be_v the_o most_o obvious_a truth_n that_o reason_n discover_v and_o though_o its_o evidence_n be_v if_o i_o mistake_v not_o equal_a to_o mathematical_a certainty_n yet_o it_o require_v thought_n and_o attention_n and_o the_o mind_n must_v apply_v its_o self_n to_o a_o regular_a deduction_n of_o it_o from_o some_o unquestionable_a part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n or_o else_o we_o shall_v be_v as_o uncertain_a and_o ignorant_a of_o this_o as_o of_o other_o proposition_n which_o be_v in_o themselves_o capable_a of_o clear_a demonstration_n to_o show_v therefore_o that_o we_o be_v capable_a of_o know_v certain_o know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o god_n and_o how_o we_o come_v by_o it_o i_o think_v we_o need_v look_v no_o far_o than_o ourselves_o and_o that_o undoubted_a knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o our_o own_o existence_n §_o 2._o i_o think_v it_o be_v beyond_o question_n that_o man_n have_v a_o clear_a perception_n of_o his_o own_o be_v he_o know_v certain_o that_o he_o exist_v and_o that_o he_o be_v something_o he_o that_o can_v doubt_v whether_o he_o be_v any_o thing_n or_o no_o i_o speak_v
world_n but_o perish_v quick_o the_o wholesomeness_n of_o his_o meat_n or_o drink_n will_v be_v scarce_o capable_a of_o certainty_n enough_o to_o give_v he_o reason_n to_o venture_v on_o it_o and_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v what_o it_o be_v he_o can_v do_v upon_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v capable_a of_o no_o doubt_n no_o objection_n §_o 11._o as_o when_o our_o sense_n be_v actual_o employ_v about_o any_o object_n we_o do_v know_v that_o it_o do_v exist_v so_o by_o our_o memory_n we_o may_v be_v assure_v that_o heretofore_o thing_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n have_v exi_v and_o thus_o we_o have_v knowledge_n of_o the_o past_a existence_n of_o several_a thing_n whereof_o our_o sense_n have_v inform_v we_o our_o memory_n still_o retain_v the_o idea_n and_o of_o this_o we_o be_v pass_v all_o doubt_n so_o long_o as_o we_o remember_v well_o but_o this_o knowledge_n also_o reach_v no_o far_a than_o our_o sense_n have_v former_o assure_v we_o thus_o see_v water_n at_o this_o instant_n it_o be_v a_o unquestionable_a truth_n to_o i_o that_o water_n do_v exist_v and_o remember_v that_o i_o see_v it_o yesterday_o it_o will_v also_o be_v always_o true_a and_o as_o long_o as_o my_o memory_n retain_v it_o always_o a_o undoubted_a proposition_n to_o i_o that_o water_n do_v exist_v 10_o july_n 1688._o as_o it_o will_v also_o be_v equal_o true_a that_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o very_o fine_a colour_n do_v exist_v which_o at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o see_v upon_o a_o bubble_n of_o that_o water_n but_o be_v now_o quite_o out_o of_o the_o sight_n both_o of_o the_o water_n and_o bubble_n too_o it_o be_v no_o more_o certain_o know_v to_o i_o that_o the_o water_n do_v exist_v than_o that_o the_o bubble_n or_o colour_n therein_o it_o be_v no_o more_o necessary_a that_o water_n shall_v exist_v to_o day_n because_o it_o exist_v yesterday_o than_o that_o the_o colour_n or_o bubble_n exist_v to_o day_n because_o they_o exist_v yesterday_o though_o it_o be_v exceed_o much_o more_o probable_a because_o water_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o continue_v long_o in_o existence_n but_o bubble_n and_o the_o colour_n on_o they_o quick_o cease_v to_o be_v §_o 12._o what_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o spirit_n and_o how_o we_o come_v by_o they_o i_o have_v already_o show_v but_o though_o we_o have_v those_o idea_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o know_v we_o have_v they_o there_o the_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o spirit_n do_v not_o make_v we_o know_v that_o any_o such_o thing_n do_v exist_v without_o we_o or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o finite_a spirit_n or_o any_o other_o spiritual_a being_n but_o the_o eternal_a god._n we_o have_v ground_n from_o revelation_n and_o several_a other_o reason_n to_o believe_v with_o assurance_n that_o there_o be_v such_o creature_n but_o our_o sense_n not_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v they_o we_o want_v the_o mean_n of_o know_v their_o particular_a existence_n for_o we_o can_v no_o more_o know_v that_o there_o be_v finite_a spirit_n real_o exist_v by_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o such_o being_n in_o our_o mind_n than_o by_o the_o idea_n any_o one_o have_v of_o fairy_n or_o centaur_n he_o can_v come_v to_o know_v that_o thing_n answer_v those_o idea_n do_v real_o exist_v and_o therefore_o concern_v the_o existence_n of_o finite_a spirit_n as_o well_o as_o several_a other_o thing_n we_o must_v content_v ourselves_o with_o the_o evidence_n of_o faith_n but_o universal_a certain_a proposition_n concern_v this_o matter_n be_v beyond_o our_o reach_n for_o however_o true_a it_o may_v be_v v_o g._n that_o all_o the_o intelligent_a spirit_n that_o god_n ever_o create_v do_v still_o exist_v yet_o it_o can_v never_o make_v a_o part_n of_o our_o certain_a knowledge_n these_o and_o the_o like_a proposition_n we_o may_v assent_v to_o as_o high_o probable_a but_o be_v not_o i_o fear_v in_o this_o sâ—ate_n capable_a of_o know_v we_o be_v not_o then_o to_o put_v other_o upon_o demonstrate_v nor_o ourselves_o upon_o search_n of_o universal_a certainty_n in_o all_o those_o matter_n wherein_o we_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o any_o other_o knowledge_n but_o what_o our_o sense_n give_v we_o in_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a §_o 13._o by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o proposition_n one_o concern_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n answerable_a to_o such_o a_o idea_n as_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o a_o elephant_n phoenix_n motion_n or_o a_o angel_n in_o my_o mind_n the_o first_o and_o natural_a enquiry_n be_v whether_o such_o a_o thing_n do_v any_o where_o exist_v and_o this_o knowledge_n be_v only_o of_o particular_n no_o existence_n of_o any_o thing_n without_o we_o but_o only_o of_o god_n can_v certain_o be_v know_v far_a than_o our_o sense_n inform_v we_o there_o be_v another_o fort_n of_o proposition_n wherein_o be_v express_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o abstract_n idea_n and_o their_o dependence_n one_o on_o another_o and_o such_o proposition_n may_v be_v universal_a and_o certain_a so_o have_v the_o idea_n of_o god_n and_o myself_o of_o fear_n and_o obedience_n i_o can_v but_o be_v sure_a that_o god_n be_v to_o be_v fear_v and_o obey_v by_o i_o and_o this_o proposition_n will_v be_v certain_a concern_v man_n in_o general_n if_o i_o have_v make_v a_o abstract_n idea_n of_o such_o a_o species_n whereof_o i_o be_o one_o particular_a but_o yet_o this_o proposition_n how_o certain_a soever_o that_o man_n ought_v to_o fear_v and_o obey_v god_n prove_v not_o to_o i_o the_o existence_n of_o man_n in_o the_o world_n but_o will_v be_v true_a of_o all_o such_o creature_n whenever_o they_o do_v exist_v which_o certainty_n of_o such_o general_a proposition_n depend_v on_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v in_o those_o abstract_n idea_n §_o 14._o in_o the_o former_a case_n our_o knowledge_n be_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o existence_n of_o thing_n produce_v idea_n in_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sensesâ—_n in_o the_o latter_a knowledge_n be_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o idea_n that_o be_v in_o our_o mind_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v and_o produce_v general_a certain_a proposition_n many_o whereof_o be_v call_v aeterâ—ae_fw-la veritates_fw-la and_o be_v indeed_o so_o not_o from_o be_v write_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o man_n or_o that_o they_o be_v before_o the_o world_n but_o wheresoever_o we_o can_v suppose_v such_o a_o creature_n as_o man_n be_v endow_v with_o such_o faculty_n and_o thereby_o furnish_v with_o such_o idea_n as_o we_o have_v we_o must_v conclude_v he_o must_v needs_o when_o he_o apply_v his_o thought_n to_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o idea_n know_v the_o truth_n of_o certain_a proposition_n that_o will_v arise_v from_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n he_o will_v perceive_v among_o they_o for_o name_n be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v perpetual_o for_o the_o same_o idea_n and_o the_o same_o idea_n have_v immutable_o the_o same_o habitude_n one_o to_o another_o proposition_n concern_v any_o abstract_a idea_n that_o be_v onâ—e_o true_a must_v needs_o be_v eternal_a verity_n chap._n xii_o of_o the_o improvement_n of_o our_o knowledge_n §_o 1._o it_o have_v be_v the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n among_o man_n of_o letter_n that_o maxim_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o knowledge_n and_o that_o the_o science_n be_v each_o of_o they_o build_v upon_o certain_a praecognita_fw-la from_o whence_o the_o understanding_n be_v to_o take_v its_o rise_n and_o by_o which_o it_o be_v to_o conduct_v itself_o in_o its_o inquiry_n into_o the_o matter_n belong_v to_o that_o science_n the_o beat_a road_n of_o the_o school_n have_v be_v to_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o beginning_n one_o or_o more_o general_a proposition_n as_o foundation_n whereon_o to_o build_v the_o knowledge_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o that_o subject_a these_o doctrine_n thus_o lay_v down_o for_o foundation_n of_o any_o science_n be_v call_v principle_n as_o the_o beginning_n from_o which_o we_o must_v set_v out_o and_o look_v no_o far_o backward_o in_o our_o inquiry_n but_o take_v these_o for_o certain_a and_o unquestionable_a truth_n and_o establish_v principle_n §_o 2._o that_o which_o give_v occasion_n to_o this_o way_n of_o proceed_v in_o other_o science_n be_v as_o i_o suppose_v the_o good_a success_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v in_o mathematics_n wherein_o man_n be_v observe_v to_o attain_v a_o great_a certainty_n of_o knowledge_n these_o science_n come_v by_o pre-eminence_n to_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d learning_n or_o thing_n learn_v thorough_o learn_v as_o have_v of_o all_o other_o the_o great_a certainty_n clearness_n and_o evidence_n in_o they_o §_o 3._o but_o if_o any_o one_o will_v consider_v he_o will_v i_o guess_v find_v that_o the_o great_a advancement_n and_o certainty_n of_o real_a
knowledge_n man_n arrive_v to_o in_o these_o science_n be_v not_o owe_v to_o the_o influence_n of_o their_o principle_n nor_o derive_v from_o any_o peculiar_a advantage_n they_o receive_v from_o two_o or_o three_o general_a maxim_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o beginning_n but_o from_o the_o clear_a distinct_a complete_a idea_n their_o thought_n be_v employ_v about_o and_o the_o relation_n of_o equality_n and_o excess_n so_o clear_a between_o some_o of_o they_o that_o they_o have_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n and_o by_o that_o a_o way_n to_o discover_v it_o in_o other_o and_o this_o without_o the_o help_n of_o those_o maxim_n for_o i_o ask_v be_v it_o not_o possible_a for_o a_o young_a lad_n to_o know_v that_o his_o whole_a body_n be_v big_a than_o his_o little_a finger_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o axiom_n that_o the_o whole_a be_v big_a than_o a_o part_n nor_o be_v assure_v of_o it_o till_o he_o have_v learn_v that_o maxim_n or_o can_v a_o country-wench_n know_v that_o have_v receive_v a_o shilling_n from_o one_o that_o owe_v she_o three_o and_o a_o shilling_n also_o from_o another_o that_o owe_v she_o three_o that_o the_o remain_a debt_n in_o each_o of_o their_o hand_n be_v equal_a can_v she_o know_v this_o i_o say_v without_o she_o fetch_v the_o certainty_n of_o it_o from_o this_o maxim_n that_o if_o you_o take_v equal_n from_o equal_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v equal_n a_o maxim_n which_o possible_o the_o never_a hear_v or_o think_v of_o i_o desire_v any_o one_o to_o consider_v which_o be_v know_v first_o and_o clear_a by_o most_o people_n the_o particular_a instance_n or_o the_o general_a rule_n and_o which_o it_o be_v that_o give_v life_n and_o birth_n to_o the_o other_o these_o general_a rule_n be_v but_o the_o compare_v our_o more_o general_a and_o abstract_a idea_n which_o be_v the_o workmanship_n of_o the_o mind_n make_v and_o name_n give_v to_o they_o for_o the_o easy_a dispatch_n in_o its_o reason_n and_o draw_v into_o comprehensive_a term_n and_o short_a rule_n its_o various_a and_o multiply_v observation_n but_o knowledge_n begin_v in_o the_o mind_n and_o be_v found_v on_o particular_n though_o afterward_o perhaps_o no_o notice_n be_v take_v thereof_o it_o be_v natural_a for_o the_o mind_n forward_o still_o to_o enlarge_v its_o knowledge_n most_o attentive_o to_o lay_v up_o those_o general_a notion_n and_o make_v the_o proper_a use_n of_o they_o which_o be_v to_o disburden_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o cumbersome_a load_n of_o particular_n §_o 4._o but_o be_v it_o in_o the_o mathematics_n as_o it_o will_v whether_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o take_v a_o inch_n from_o a_o black_a line_n of_o two_o inch_n and_o a_o inch_n from_o a_o red_a line_n of_o two_o inch_n the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o two_o line_n will_v be_v equal_a or_o that_o if_o you_o take_v equal_n from_o equal_n the_o remainder_n will_v be_v equal_n which_o i_o say_v of_o these_o two_o be_v the_o clear_a and_o first_o know_v i_o leave_v to_o any_o one_o to_o 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certain_a and_o indubitable_a and_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o write_n of_o some_o that_o have_v revive_v it_o again_o in_o our_o day_n what_o consequence_n it_o will_v lead_v we_o into_o let_v any_o one_o with_o polemo_n take_v the_o world_n or_o with_o the_o stoic_n the_o aether_n or_o the_o sun_n or_o with_o aneximenes_n the_o air_n to_o be_v god_n and_o what_o a_o divinity_n religion_n and_o worship_n must_v we_o needs_o have_v nothing_o can_v be_v so_o dangerous_a as_o principle_n thus_o take_v up_o without_o question_v or_o examination_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o concern_v morality_n which_o influence_n man_n life_n and_o give_v a_o bias_n to_o all_o their_o action_n who_o may_v not_o just_o expect_v another_o kind_n of_o life_n in_o aristippus_n who_o place_v happiness_n in_o bodily_a pleasure_n and_o in_o antisthenes_n who_o make_v virtue_n sufficient_a to_o felicity_n and_o he_o who_o with_o plato_n shall_v place_v beatitude_n in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n will_v have_v his_o thought_n raise_v to_o other_o contemplation_n than_o those_o who_o look_v not_o beyond_o this_o spot_n of_o earth_n and_o those_o perish_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v have_v in_o it_o he_o that_o with_o archelaus_n shall_v lay_v it_o down_o as_o a_o principle_n that_o right_o and_o wrong_n honest_a and_o dishonest_a be_v define_v only_o by_o law_n and_o not_o by_o nature_n will_v have_v other_o measure_n of_o moral_a rectitude_n and_o pravity_n than_o those_o who_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v that_o we_o be_v under_o obligation_n antecedent_n to_o all_o (null)_o constitution_n §_o 5._o if_o therefore_o those_o that_o pass_v for_o principle_n be_v not_o certain_a which_o we_o must_v have_v some_o way_n to_o know_v that_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o those_o that_o be_v doubtful_a but_o be_v only_o make_v so_o to_o we_o by_o our_o blind_a assent_n we_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v mislead_v by_o they_o and_o instead_o of_o be_v guide_v into_o truth_n we_o shall_v by_o principle_n be_v only_o confirm_v in_o mistake_n and_o error_n §_o 6._o but_o since_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o certainty_n of_o principle_n as_o well_o as_o of_o all_o other_o truth_n depend_v only_o upon_o the_o perception_n we_o have_v of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n the_o way_n to_o improve_v our_o knowledge_n be_v not_o i_o be_o sure_a blind_o and_o with_o a_o implicit_a faith_n to_o receive_v and_o swallow_v principle_n but_o be_v i_o think_v to_o get_v and_o fix_v in_o our_o mind_n clear_a distinct_a and_o complete_a idea_n as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v have_v and_o annex_v to_o they_o proper_a and_o constant_a name_n and_o thus_o perhaps_o without_o any_o other_o principle_n but_o bare_o consider_v those_o perfect_a idea_n and_o by_o compare_v they_o one_o with_o another_o find_v their_o agreement_n and_o disagreement_n and_o their_o several_a relation_n and_o habitude_n we_o shall_v get_v more_o 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chain_n of_o reason_v proceed_v to_o the_o discovery_n and_o demonstration_n of_o truth_n that_o appear_v at_o first_o sight_n beyond_o (null)_o capacity_n the_o art_n of_o find_v proof_n and_o the_o idea_n that_o demonstrative_o show_v the_o equality_n or_o inequality_n of_o unapplicable_a quantity_n be_v i_o confess_v of_o great_a help_n to_o they_o but_o whether_o something_o like_o this_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o idea_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o magnitude_n may_v not_o in_o time_n be_v find_v out_o i_o will_v not_o determine_v this_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v that_o if_o other_o idea_n that_o be_v the_o real_a as_o well_o as_o nominal_a essence_n of_o their_o species_n be_v pursue_v in_o the_o way_n familiar_a to_o mathematician_n they_o will_v carry_v our_o thought_n far_o and_o with_o great_a evidence_n and_o clearness_n
whole_o voluntary_a if_o our_o knowledge_n be_v altogether_o necessary_a all_o man_n knowledge_n will_v not_o only_o be_v alike_o but_o every_o man_n will_v know_v all_o that_o be_v knowable_a and_o if_o it_o be_v whole_o voluntary_a some_o man_n so_o little_a regard_n or_o value_v it_o that_o they_o will_v have_v extreme_a little_a or_o none_o at_o all_o man_n that_o have_v sense_n can_v choose_v but_o receive_v some_o idea_n by_o they_o and_o if_o they_o have_v memory_n they_o can_v but_o retain_v some_o of_o they_o and_o if_o they_o have_v any_o distinguish_a faculty_n can_v but_o perceive_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o some_o of_o they_o one_o with_o another_o as_o he_o that_o have_v eye_n if_o he_o will_v open_v they_o by_o day_n can_v but_o see_v some_o object_n and_o perceive_v a_o difference_n in_o they_o but_o though_o a_o man_n with_o his_o eye_n open_a in_o the_o light_n can_v but_o see_v yet_o there_o be_v certain_a object_n which_o he_o may_v choose_v 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a_o clear_a morning_n that_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v if_o he_o will_v but_o open_v his_o eye_n and_o turn_v they_o that_o way_n but_o yet_o these_o truth_n be_v never_o so_o certain_a never_o so_o clear_a he_o may_v be_v ignorant_a of_o either_o or_o all_o of_o they_o who_o will_v never_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o employ_v his_o faculty_n as_o he_o shall_v to_o inform_v himself_o about_o they_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o judgement_n §_o 1._o the_o understanding_n faculty_n be_v give_v to_o man_n not_o bare_o for_o speculation_n but_o also_o for_o the_o conduct_n of_o his_o life_n man_n will_v be_v at_o a_o great_a loss_n if_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o direct_v he_o but_o what_o have_v the_o certainty_n of_o true_a knowledge_n for_o that_o be_v very_o short_a and_o scanty_a as_o we_o have_v see_v he_o will_v be_v often_o utter_o in_o the_o dark_a and_o in_o most_o of_o the_o action_n of_o his_o life_n perfect_o at_o a_o stand_n have_v he_o nothing_o to_o guide_v he_o in_o the_o absence_n 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here_o wherein_o we_o may_v not_o be_v over_o confident_a and_o presume_v but_o may_v by_o every_o day_n experience_n be_v make_v sensible_a of_o our_o short-sightedness_n and_o liableness_n to_o error_n which_o may_v be_v a_o constant_a admonition_n to_o we_o to_o spend_v the_o day_n of_o this_o our_o pilgrimage_n with_o industry_n and_o care_n in_o the_o search_n and_o follow_v of_o that_o way_n which_o may_v lead_v we_o to_o a_o state_n of_o great_a perfection_n it_o be_v high_o rational_a to_o think_v even_o where_o revelation_n be_v silent_a in_o the_o case_n that_o as_o man_n employ_v those_o talent_n god_n have_v give_v they_o here_o they_o shall_v according_o receive_v their_o reward_n at_o the_o close_a of_o the_o day_n when_o their_o sun_n shall_v set_v and_o night_n shall_v put_v a_o end_n to_o their_o labour_n §_o 3._o the_o faculty_n which_o god_n have_v give_v man_n to_o enlighten_v he_o next_o to_o clear_v and_o certain_a knowledge_n be_v judgement_n whereby_o the_o mind_n take_v its_o idea_n to_o agree_v or_o disagree_v or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o any_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a or_o false_a without_o perceive_v a_o demonstrative_a evidence_n in_o the_o proof_n the_o mind_n sometime_o exercise_v this_o judgement_n out_o of_o necessity_n where_o demonstrative_a proof_n and_o certain_a knowledge_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v and_o sometime_o out_o of_o laziness_n unskilfulness_n or_o haste_v even_o where_o demonstrative_a and_o certain_a proof_n be_v to_o be_v have_v man_n often_o stay_v not_o wary_o to_o examine_v the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o two_o idea_n which_o they_o be_v desirous_a or_o concern_v to_o know_v but_o either_o incapable_a of_o such_o attention_n as_o be_v requisite_a in_o a_o long_a train_n
both_o for_o the_o enlargement_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o regulate_v our_o assent_n for_o it_o have_v to_o do_v both_o in_o knowledge_n and_o opinion_n and_o be_v necessary_a and_o assist_v to_o all_o our_o other_o intellectual_a faculty_n and_o indeed_o contain_v two_o of_o they_o viz._n sagacity_n and_o illation_n by_o the_o one_o it_o find_v out_o and_o by_o the_o other_o it_o so_o order_v the_o intermediate_v idea_n as_o to_o discover_v what_o connexion_n there_o be_v in_o each_o link_n of_o the_o chain_n whereby_o the_o extreme_n be_v hold_v together_o and_o thereby_o as_o it_o be_v to_o draw_v into_o view_n the_o truth_n seek_v for_o which_o be_v that_o we_o call_v illation_n or_o inference_n and_o consist_v in_o nothing_o but_o the_o perception_n of_o the_o connexion_n there_o be_v between_o the_o idea_n in_o each_o step_n of_o the_o deduction_n whereby_o the_o mind_n come_v to_o see_v either_o the_o certain_a agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o any_o two_o idea_n as_o in_o demonstration_n in_o which_o it_o arrive_v at_o knowledge_n or_o their_o probable_a connexion_n on_o which_o it_o give_v or_o withhold_v its_o assent_n as_o in_o opinion_n sense_n and_o intuition_n reach_v but_o a_o very_a little_a way_n the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o knowledge_n depend_v upon_o deduction_n and_o intermediate_v idea_n and_o in_o those_o case_n where_o we_o be_v fain_o to_o substitute_n assent_v instead_o of_o knowledge_n and_o take_v proposition_n for_o true_a without_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v so_o we_o have_v need_v to_o find_v out_o examine_v and_o compare_v the_o ground_n of_o their_o probability_n in_o both_o these_o case_n the_o faculty_n which_o find_v out_o the_o mean_n and_o right_o apply_v they_o to_o discover_v certainty_n in_o the_o one_o and_o probability_n in_o the_o other_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v reason_n for_o as_o reason_n perceive_v the_o necessary_a and_o indubitable_a connexion_n of_o all_o the_o idea_n or_o proof_n one_o to_o another_o in_o each_o step_n of_o any_o demonstration_n that_o produce_v knowledge_n so_o it_o likewise_o perceive_v the_o probable_a connexion_n of_o all_o the_o idea_n or_o proof_n one_o to_o another_o in_o every_o step_n of_o a_o discourse_n to_o which_o it_o will_v think_v assent_n due_a this_o be_v the_o low_a degree_n of_o that_o which_o can_v be_v true_o call_v reason_n for_o where_o the_o mind_n do_v not_o perceive_v this_o probable_a connexion_n where_o it_o do_v not_o discern_v whether_o there_o be_v any_o such_o connexion_n or_o no_o their_o man_n opinion_n be_v not_o the_o product_n of_o judgement_n or_o the_o consequence_n of_o reason_n but_o the_o effect_n of_o chance_n and_o hazard_n of_o a_o mind_n float_v at_o all_o adventure_n without_o choice_n and_o without_o direction_n §_o 3._o so_o that_o we_o may_v in_o reason_n consider_v these_o four_o degree_n the_o first_o and_o high_a be_v the_o discover_v and_o find_v out_o of_o proof_n the_o second_o the_o regular_a and_o methodical_a disposition_n of_o they_o and_o lay_v they_o in_o a_o clear_a and_o fit_a order_n to_o make_v their_o connexion_n and_o force_n be_v plain_o and_o easy_o perceive_v the_o three_o be_v the_o perceive_v their_o connexion_n and_o the_o four_o the_o make_v a_o right_a conclusion_n these_o several_a degree_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o any_o mathematical_a demonstration_n it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o perceive_v the_o connexion_n of_o each_o part_n as_o the_o demonstration_n be_v make_v by_o another_o another_o to_o perceive_v the_o dependence_n of_o the_o conclusion_n on_o all_o the_o part_n a_o three_o to_o make_v out_o a_o demonstration_n clear_o and_o neat_o one_o self_n and_o something_o different_a from_o all_o these_o to_o have_v first_o find_v out_o those_o intermediate_v idea_n or_o proof_n by_o which_o it_o be_v make_v §_o 4._o there_o be_v one_o thing_n more_o which_o i_o shall_v desire_v to_o be_v consider_v concern_v reason_n and_o that_o be_v whether_o syllogism_n as_o be_v general_o think_v be_v the_o proper_a instrument_n of_o it_o and_o the_o useful_a way_n of_o exercise_v this_o faculty_n the_o cause_n i_o have_v to_o doubt_v be_v these_o first_o because_o syllogism_n serve_v our_o reason_n but_o in_o one_o only_a of_o the_o forementioned_a part_n of_o it_o and_o that_o be_v to_o show_v the_o connexion_n of_o the_o proof_n in_o any_o one_o instance_n and_o no_o more_o but_o in_o this_o it_o be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n since_o the_o mind_n can_v perceive_v such_o connexion_n where_o it_o real_o be_v as_o easy_o nay_o perhaps_o better_a without_o it_o if_o we_o will_v observe_v the_o act_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o we_o reason_v best_a and_o clear_a when_o we_o only_o observe_v the_o connexion_n of_o the_o proof_n without_o reduce_v it_o to_o any_o rule_n of_o syllogism_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o there_o be_v many_o man_n that_o reason_n exceed_v clear_a and_o right_o who_o know_v not_o how_o to_o make_v a_o syllogism_n he_o that_o will_v look_v into_o many_o part_n of_o asia_n and_o america_n will_v find_v man_n reason_n there_o perhaps_o as_o acute_o as_o himself_o who_o yet_o never_o hear_v of_o a_o syllogism_n nor_o can_v reduce_v any_o one_o argument_n to_o those_o form_n indeed_o sometime_o it_o may_v serve_v to_o discover_v a_o fallacy_n hide_v in_o a_o rhetorical_a flourish_n or_o cunning_o wrap_v up_o in_o a_o smooth_a period_n and_o strip_v a_o absurdity_n of_o the_o cover_n of_o wit_n and_o good_a language_n show_v it_o in_o its_o naked_a deformity_n but_o the_o mind_n be_v not_o teach_v to_o reason_n by_o these_o rule_n it_o have_v a_o native_a faculty_n to_o perceive_v the_o coherence_n or_o incoherence_n of_o its_o idea_n and_o can_v range_v they_o right_o without_o any_o such_o perplex_v repetition_n tell_v a_o country_n gentlewoman_n that_o the_o wind_n be_v south-west_n and_o the_o wether_n lour_a and_o like_a to_o rain_v and_o she_o will_v easy_o understand_v it_o be_v not_o safe_a for_o she_o to_o go_v abroad_o thin_a clad_v in_o such_o a_o day_n after_o a_o fever_n she_o clear_o see_v the_o probable_a connexion_n of_o all_o these_o viz._n south-west-wind_n and_o cloud_n rain_n wet_n take_v cold_a relapse_n and_o danger_n of_o death_n without_o tie_v they_o together_o in_o those_o artificial_a and_o cumbersome_a fetter_n of_o several_a syllogism_n that_o clog_n and_o hinder_v the_o mind_n which_o proceed_v from_o one_o part_n to_o another_o quick_a and_o clear_a without_o they_o and_o the_o probability_n which_o she_o easy_o perceive_v in_o thing_n thus_o in_o their_o native_a state_n will_v be_v quite_o lose_v if_o this_o argument_n be_v manage_v learned_o and_o propose_v in_o mode_n and_o figure_n for_o it_o very_o often_o confound_v the_o connexion_n and_o i_o think_v every_o one_o will_v perceive_v in_o mathematical_a demonstration_n that_o the_o knowledge_n gain_v thereby_o come_v short_a and_o clear_a without_o syllogism_n second_o because_o though_o syllogism_n serve_v to_o show_v the_o force_n or_o fallacy_n of_o a_o argument_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o discourse_v by_o supply_v the_o absent_a proposition_n and_o so_o set_v it_o before_o the_o view_n in_o a_o clear_a light_n yet_o it_o no_o less_o engage_v the_o mind_n in_o the_o perplexity_n of_o obscure_a equivocal_a and_o fallacious_a term_n wherewith_o this_o artificial_a way_n of_o reason_v always_o abound_v it_o be_v adapt_v more_o to_o the_o attain_n of_o victory_n in_o dispute_n than_o the_o discovery_n or_o confirmation_n of_o truth_n in_o fair_a inquiry_n §_o 5._o but_o however_o it_o be_v in_o knowledge_n i_o think_v i_o may_v true_o say_v it_o be_v of_o far_o less_o or_o no_o use_n at_o all_o in_o probability_n for_o the_o assent_n there_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o preponderancy_n after_o a_o due_a weigh_v of_o all_o the_o proof_n with_o all_o circumstance_n on_o both_o side_n nothing_o be_v so_o unfit_a to_o assist_v the_o mind_n in_o that_o as_o syllogism_n which_o run_v away_o with_o one_o assume_v probability_n or_o one_o topical_a argument_n pursue_v that_o till_o it_o have_v lead_v the_o mind_n quite_o out_o of_o sight_n of_o the_o thing_n under_o consideration_n and_o force_v it_o upon_o some_o remote_a difficulty_n hold_v it_o fast_o there_o entangle_v perhaps_o and_o as_o it_o be_v manacle_v in_o the_o chain_n of_o syllogism_n without_o allow_v it_o the_o liberty_n much_o less_o afford_v it_o the_o help_v requisite_a to_o show_v on_o which_o side_n all_o thing_n consider_v be_v the_o great_a probability_n §_o 6._o but_o let_v it_o help_v we_o as_o perhaps_o may_v be_v say_v in_o convince_a man_n of_o their_o error_n or_o mistake_v and_o yet_o i_o will_v fain_o see_v the_o man_n that_o be_v force_v out_o of_o his_o opinion_n by_o dint_n of_o syllogism_n yet_o still_o it_o fail_v our_o