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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54811	The two first books of Philostratus, concerning the life of Apollonius Tyaneus written originally in Greek, and now published in English : together with philological notes upon each chapter / by Charles Blount, Gent.; Life of Apollonius of Tyana. Book 1-2. English	Philostratus, the Athenian, 2nd/3rd cent.; Blount, Charles, 1654-1693.	1680 (1680)	Wing P2132; ESTC R4123	358,678	281

eo conditas ubi Porum vicit quarum alteram Bucephalum nominavit alteram Niceam 10 The Deeds of Alexander and Porus which are at large recited in the 8th Book of Q. Curtius 11 ●e●xis a famous Painter of Heraclea who lived in the 95th Olympiad about the time of Ar●●xer●●s M●emon and painted Grapes so like that the Birds flew to feed on the● His Competitors with whom he contended in the Art of Painting were Timanthes Androcydes Eup●●●pus and P●●●bafius He acquired vast Riches by his Art See Pliny lib. 35. ch 10. Cicero lib. 2. d● Inv●nt and Plut. in Pericle 12 Polygnotus a Thasian Painter eminent for his great skill in Limning Shadows and all manner of Drapery-Work See Quintil lib. 12. Pliny lib. 35. ch 9. Also Pausanias and Aelian's Var. Hist. 13 Euphranor a famous Isthmian Statuary who was not only skill'd in making Statues of Brass and Marble but also in Painting He likewise wrote several Tracts of Proportions and Colours He flourish'd in the 104th Olympiad Hic aliquid praeclarum Euphranoris Juven Sat. 3. See more of him in Pliny 35 11. ibid. 34 8. 14 Hypasis a River of India see Pliny 15 Trojan Worthies such as were Agamemnon Menelaus Achilles Hector Patroclus Idomeneus Ajax Stenelus Diomedes Prothesilaus Troilus Priamus Vlysses Antenor Aeneas c. all O●ficers and men of Note at the Siege of Troy CHAP. X. A Discourse about Pictures and Colours also of the Picture Ajax th● Workmanship of Timomachus WHilst they stay'd in the Temple which was some time till the King was made acquainted with their coming Apollonius turning himself to Damis said Do you think that there is any Art of Painting Yes said Damis if there be any truth of the things themselves But what doth this Art perform said Apollonius Damis answer'd It mixeth Colours together as blew with green white with black and red with pale Whereto Apollonius reply'd For what end doth it mingle these Colours since it is not meerly for Shew Yes said Damis it is done for Imitation's sake as to resemble a Dog a Horse a Ship a Man or any other thing that the Sun shine● on it also setteth forth the resemblance of the Sun himself sometimes as if he rode on a Chariot drawn with four Horses as 't is said he is to be seen in this place sometimes again as bearing a Torch in the Heavens when he describeth the very Sky and House of the Gods wherefore Oh Damis Painting is a certain Art of Imitation said Apollonius Whereto Damis answer'd It is nothing else for if Painting cannot perform this it will seem very ridiculous as making Colours to no purpose Then said Apollonius What will you say to those things which are used to appear upon the separating of Clouds as Centaurs and Hirco-cervi nay even Wolves and Horses Are not these wrought by some Art of Imitation To me it seeems so said Damis Then will God himself be a Painter answer'd Apollonius and leaving his winged Chariot whereon he rideth and ordereth divine and humane things he will sit a sporting and painting these things as Children make Shapes in the dust Hereat Damis blush'd his Discourse appearing to conclude in such an Absurdity But Apollonius not casting any Contempt upon him for he was not bitter in reproving said to him I suppose Damis you intended not to speak any such thing only that for as much as concerneth the Deity those many things are carried up and down through the Air casually and without any intended resemblance but that we who naturally have in us the principle of Imitation do frame and devise such Forms Let us therefore Oh Apollonius rather believe it to be so said Damis for this is the best and most likely opinion Whereto Apollonius answer'd There is a two-fold Art of Imitation one whereof doth with the Hand and Mind imitate whatsoever it pleaseth and this is the Art of Painting the other doth with the Mind alone frame Similitudes Not two-fold said Damis but that there is a more perfect sort of Painting which both with Mind and Hand doth express the Similitudes of things and that the other is but a part of the same since by it a man can only conceive and imitate with the Mind being not skill'd in Painting nor able to express things by his Hands Is it said Apollonius because his Hand hath been maim'd with some Blow or Distemper No verily answer'd Damis but because he never used to handle a Pencil or other such Instrument or Colours being unskill'd in the Art of Limning In this therefore said Apollonius we both agree that the faculty of Imitating proceedeth from Nature but that of Painting from Art the same thing may also be said of Carving and Moulding But you seem to imagine that a Picture it self consisteth not of bare Colours in as much as the old Painters were contented with one Colour whereas the modern have used four and so by degrees a greater number Moreover they sometimes Limn with meer Lineaments and without Colours which kind of Pictures we ought to say consist only of Shade and Light for in them the similitude of things appeareth the Form Mind Modesty and Boldness although such things have no Colours And however they express not the Bloud the colour of the Hair nor the Down on the Chin yet do they with one simple kind of Draught represent the similitude of a tawny or white man Nay if we describe an Indian in this manner with white Lineaments yet will he be conceiv'd as swarthy for the flatness of the Nose erected Curles flaggy Cheeks and Stupor as it were about the Eyes do blacken the Picture and to them that view it without judgment demonstrate the person to be an Indian Wherefore without any absurdity I may aver that they who behold Pictures have also need of the Imitative faculty for none can rightly commend a painted Horse or Bull but he that beholdeth those Creatures in his Mind whose likeness is presented in Picture Neither indeed can any man judiciously view the 1 Ajax of 2 Timomachus represented in his mad Fits unless a man conceive in his Mind some Idea of Ajax and how having slain Sheep and Oxen at Troy in his rage he sate down by himself very pensive consulting how to make away with himself But now these curious Works which were made at the Command of Porus are not only the Work of Graving for they are like to Pictures nor on the contrary the Work of Painting only in that they be made of Brass but they were wrought by the same man who was skill'd both in Painting and Graving such as 3 Vulcan is represented in 4 Homer where he describeth the making of Achille's Arms for there every place is full of such as kill and are killed and you would say that it were the very Earth colour'd with bloud though it be made of Brass Illustrations on Chap. 10. 1 AIax the Son of Telamon by Hesione was next to Achilles

to Gods and from Gods to Men c. Plato's Symbolum Also Ap●leius in his De Deo Socratis And St. Aug. Civit. Dei lib. 8. ch 24. 5 By Iupiter The manner of Swearing in old time was thus He that should swear took a Stone in his hand and said If I wilfully deceive you may Iupiter banish me out of all good mens company as I now ca●t away this Stone from me Polyd. Virg. lib. 4 8. Pliny writes that it was not lawful for any man to bear an Office five days unless he were sworn as amongst us at this day such Officers are obliged to take such and such Oaths before they are admitted into any Office of Trust in the Government The Emperor Iustinian first appointed that men should swear by the Gospel and now adays all that swear lay their hand on the Book and kiss it saying So help me God and the holy Gospel because as the Gospel of our Religion and Faith may for no cause be violated so neither ought an Oath to be broken However considering the dull apprehensions of the Vulgar I could wish that some more execrable form of words were inserted in our Oaths which might I am perswaded more terrifie the unthinking Crowd than the phrase we now use I have my self known a silly old Woman that having taken her Oath in one of the Courts of Westminster and being afterwards asked by the Judges whether she was sworn told them no ignorantly believing that those words You shall swear the Truth and nothing but the Truth were only preparatory and in order to some horrid Execration which she was afterwards to take 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an Oath the Son of Eris and yet the end of all contention was of two sorts viz. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the greater and the less The greater Oath was either of Men by the Gods or the Gods themselves by the Stygian Lake Hesiod Epist. ad Heb. 6.16 Wherefore some fetch the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an Oath from Orcus Hell This Oath was then invented by Iupiter and prescribed by him to the rest of the Gods when he had the assistance of Styx and his Sons against the Tytans or when he drank of the Water to quench his thirst in the Fight Servilius says out of Orpheus that if any God had sworn false or broken his Oath when he swore by Styx he was to be punished for it in Hell nine thousand years Which Order even Iupiter himself submitted to and therefore took the more care how he sware as Minutius says Destinatam enim sibi cum suis cultoribus poenam praescius perhorrescit Also sometimes it was their custom to add an imprecation of some evil wherewith he knew them able to punish him if he swore false as Telemachus doth in Homer saying By Iove and the sorrows of my Father Iupiter was the proper Custos Iuramentorum however they swore by many of the other Gods as also by their own men lately dead as we see Demosthenes swore by those that valiantly died in the Battel of Marathon Some swore by the Name of Hephaestion and C. Caligula esteem'd Drusilla to be the most sacred Name he could swear by Sueton. in Calig ch 24. The Lacedemonians used to swear by their own two Gods Castor and Pollux and some by the whole Jury of Gods But in the Marker-place in buying or selling they commonly swore by Mercury When they took any great Oath in publick they used to lift up their hands as Apollo in the Poet bids Lachesis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This Ceremony Menelaus in Euripides demanded of Helena Helen v. 834 Also at the time of their Swearing they sacrificed either a Boar ● Ram or a Goat and sometimes one of each Aristoph in Lysist The Romans at the confirmation of any League or Truce used to sacrifice Pigs because Iupiter was nursed by a Sow Now the Flesh that was used to be eaten at other Sacrifices was not at this unless it were by the Worms or the Fish for either they buried it in the ground or else threw it into the Sea as Talthybius did the Sow which was sacrificed at Agamemnon's Oath Aristoph in Lysist and Eustat in Hom. Il. Radamanthus the justest man that ever lived had expresly forbid them to swear by the Gods but instead thereof allowed them the use of a Dog a Goose a Ram or such like Creatures Sometimes they swore by the Ground as Hippolytus does in Euripides vers 1025. Sometimes by their Head as he does in Virgil Per Caput hoc Iuro per quod Pater ante solebat Ecc. lib. 2. which was the reason says Athenaeus why they esteem'd the Head holy and sacred Now as well amongst the ancient Heathens as Christians he that made conscience of swearing right was esteem'd Religious whereas on the contrary they express'd a wicked man by the Name of perjurious Both Minutius and Tertullian write that they esteem'd it a more hainous crime to swear false by their Kings than by their Gods and were more severely punish'd for it St. Augustine tells us that it was a custom amongst the Christians of the Primitive Church to decide matters in controversie by Oaths at the Tombs of Martyrs August Ep. 137. which makes me wonder at the Quakers who with their Yea and Nay refuse all lawful Oaths before a Magistrate when at the same time in a godly manner as they call it they speak less truth than other men Some desire to trade with men of that perswasion before any other but for my own part I have never met with greater Fourbs than those Quaking Saints who cheat by the Spirit One of that Sect I knew who was a notorious Lyar and always began his Lyes with a Verily verily I say unto thee We read amongst the Gentiles that Witnesses used to be examined upon Oath and that Xenocrates was the only person whose bare word was accepted Tantae Authoritatis fidei fuisse Xenocratem ut quantumvis alios ad Testimonium dicendum nemo absque juramento admittendus fuit The ancient Romans as well their Senate as Magistrates were most exact and punctual in the observation of Oaths and Promises even to their very Enemies for the regard they had not only to Justice and to their own Reputation but also to the consequence of their good Example in the Commonwealth To which purpose we may alledg the Example of that worthy Consul Marcus Attilius Regulus who being taken Prisoner by the Carthaginians and dismissed upon his Oath promising either to procure the delivery of certain Prisoners or to return himself to Carthage was sent back by the Senate with his own consent they being unwilling either to release the Prisoners or to retain the Consul contrary to his Oath The like may be also cited of T. Veturius and Spurius Posthumus Consuls likewise of T. Mutius and Q. Aemilius Tribunes of the people who wer● deliver'd Prisoners to the Samnites

of it conceal'd it from the Seller which circumstance were perhaps to the Buyer's disadvantage if the Parties Integrity were to have been taken into consideration But here Apollonius not minding the absolute transferring of Right which a Purchase makes looks only at the Parties and passes Sentence on his side who seem'd the most devout as if mens Proprieties in their temporal Estates were grounded upon Godliness rather than upon a legal Right This Position that Dominium fundatur in Gratia is more or less own'd by all Religions at this day in the World excepting only the Protestants ex gr to begin with Mahometism although it professes to force no Conscience yet the pretences of all their Wars are only to enlarge the Mahometan Faith And the Church of Rome declares more openly in this Tenet affirming all States and Princes that are not Roman Catholicks to be at the Pope's disposal In like manner the Anabaptists in Germany pretending to be those meek ones who should inherit the Earth took Arms and had undoubtedly proved successful but that Charles the V. and the Duke of Alva prorogued the Prophesie to a further day For as all particular men have each man his private Interest separate from the rest in so much that most of the greatest Governments Assemblies and Conventions of Mankind notwithstanding all their grave pretences of the publick Good are nothing but a commerce of private Interests so has each Religion excepting only ours a particular Interest of their own Hierarchy This perhaps is that which the Apostle calls the Mystery of Iniquity and if mankind could be so clear-sighted as to discern this Mystery of Iniquity and sever it from the pure Conceern of mens Souls in the worship of God in spirit and truth then perhaps all such as are neither very malicious nor barbarous would be of one mind serving God in simplicity and singleness of heart But while men are men and not Angels they will have a main respect to their great Diana and that Interest which the craftiest of them understand well enough doth through education and long practice so dazle ordinary Capacities as they will verily imagine themselves to be in the right and are by that means intentionally honest 2 As for the linen Garments I shall c. Though Apollonius to save his Reputation with the King refused his Gold yet he accepted the linen Garments as being like those of the old Athenian Philosophers He likewise himself and his Followers took plenty of the rare precious Stones pretending at their return into their Countrey to offer them up to the Gods Here is plain to be seen that although Vain-glory and Hypocrisie may sometimes seem to refuse offer'd Riches yet Quis nisi mentis inops oblatum respuit aurum Do what we can when the Booty is important and the Opportunity fair Nature will be nibbling and as the Dog that dares not eat the Shoulder of Mutton before him will now and then give a lick at it so here to excuse the matter they wanted not to alledge Curiosity for the Garments and Devotion for the Jewels Thus according to the old Proverb It is ill Wool that will take no Dye The End of the Second Book Hom. Iliad lib. 17. Aelian Suidas Laert. l. 2. * A Sesterce the 4th part of a Roman Denarius * Compos'd by Simonides See Lylius Gyr. Dial. 9. * Aurora musis amica * See lib. 1. chap. 3. * Sic dict quòd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 significat media inter duos 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fluvios * Viz. Pliny * Pliny and Herodotus * Semirami● * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is generally render'd two Fathoms as I have done it however Hesychius renders it six cubits but Salmasius corrects him and saith it signifies four cubits * A Bird with a wry Neck * He that examines the Greek Copy about this Dream shall find the Latine Translation very erroneous ‡ Plutarch in Themist Aliter Laert Proens p. 9 10. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * See lib. 1. ch 18. * Months I have here supply'd the Greek being defective * A supposed Spirit * Or Minerva's Shrine * Or Shell-stone * A mixture of Goat and Hart. * In this place the Greek is either corrupted or defective