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A58159 A collection of curious travels & voyages in two tomes ... / by John Ray ... Ray, John, 1627-1705.; Rauwolf, Leonhard, ca. 1540-1596. Seer aanmerkelyke reysen na en door Syrien t́ Joodsche Land, Arabien, Mesopotamien, Babylonien, Assyrien, Armenien, &c. in t́ Jaar 1573 en vervolgens gedaan. English.; Staphorst, Nicolaus, 1679-1731.; Belon, Pierre, 1517?-1564. 1693 (1693) Wing R385; ESTC R17904 394,438 648

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great a difference might easily be seduced and perswaded Besides the Turks will not allow neither to Jews Moors nor Christians nay not to their own Nation to say any thing ill of Christ nor to Curse him but if any body should presume to do it the soles of his Feet are struck very severely with many blows and he is Fined besides according to his Ability So their Prophet Mahomet commends the Holy Scripture very much and saith that it containeth Truth and Happiness If they would but often look into it as their Alcocan teacheth them in several places to read in it and mend their Lives according to it they might easily be brought to the right way again but he himself doth not stand by his words but falleth off again from them afterwards and speaketh quite otherways of the holy Scripture and that so differing that he quite contradicts himself For as he did commend it before so now he discommendeth it again when he saith That it hath been because it is too difficult to be kept long since quite out of Doors chiefly in those parts where is written That we must do good to our Enemies leave all for his sake love God with all our heart c. and our Neighbor as our own self And that therefore he Mahomet was peculiarly and purposely chosen by God Almighty to bring down with him the Alcoran and communicate it to the World that was then drown'd in Lusts Sin and Vices to reform and bring it to rights again Besides this he knew very well how to disguise his Tricks and how to behave himself in his Life and Conversation devoutly and discreetly towards the People and how to blind them under this pretence that they did believe him and receive him the sooner to be a great Prophet and Messenger from God When he found that he had got a good Party and a great many Adherents that impowered him he Studied daily more and more to order his Laws so that they might be acceptable and pleasing to all the World And thus he got in a great many places such a fame that to our Grief in these times he hath seduced and possessed a great part of the World with his Erroneous and Poisonous Doctrine the Turks closely adhering to this Doctrine therefore their Hearts are so blinded with darkness that they cannot have any true knowledge either of God the Father or the Son or the Holy Ghost and so they miss of the right way that would bring them to the Knowledge and Acknowledgment of their Sins and consequently to the Remission thereof and so make them Children of God and Heirs of Life Everlasting But on the contrary they remain Impenitent and persist in their sinful Life with such a Confidence and Security that they know not when they commit Sins as to take a Mans Property and Goods away by force to destroy his House and Lands to undermine his Life and Livelihood and also to contaminate themselves with Uncleanness Whoredom Sodomy Not to keep an Oath that hath been taken to Revenge themselves from whence Results Envy Hatred Anger Contention Murder c. as we hear what Injustice and Violence the Grand Signior committeth daily upon our Brethren and Sisters that border upon his Dominions which we need not to wonder at because if they fall out amongst themselves they try all Unjust means to Revenge themselves Wherefore they accuse their Adversaries often falsely because they dare not offer any violence before their Judges and so bring them to Damage Trouble and Pains But when they have committed one of these or the like Facts and have a mind to free themselves of it or to be Absolved they go after their own invented Devotion to good Works Alms Prayers Fasting Redeeming of Captives c. to make satisfaction to God for their committed Sins as their Alcoran teacheth them And so they lead a Life of good outward Conversation and are very diligent in their Devotion chiefly in going to their Prayers at the five Customary hours of the Day when they leave their VVork and go to Church And seeing that in these Countries they have neither Clocks not VVatches to tell them the time of the Day and Prayers instead of them they have their Priests called Meitzen by them on the Steeples which are ordered to cry out the Hours with a loud Voice that you may hear them as far almost as the Ringing of a Bell even throughout the whole Town The first Hour of Prayers is an Hour and half before Day-light The second is about Noon The third which the Arabians call Latzera is about Three a Clock in the Afternoon The fourth is at Sun-set and the fifth when after the Sun is down the Twilight or whitishness of the Skies is gone and the Stars appear clearly Sometimes two of these Priests sing together which is common in great Towns and they sing almost as with us they sing a Ballad so that while the one is singing the other may fetch his breath and so they sing by turns until the Song is at an end When I came first into these Countries and hear'd them Sing about that time in the Morning I believed the Turks did it that they might brisk themselves up to go to Work until I heard them do the same at other hours in the day time and understood they were their Priests So they Sing about Five a Clock at Night very well and sometimes something longer because of the Sick that live near which desire it of them to make them cheerful and to have a good heart which we need not to wonder at for their Clergy which are not Wiser or more Learned than the Lay-men know not how to comfort them or to make them joyful much less how to give good and wholsome Instruction out of the Word of God although they believe it to be true how to obtain forgiveness of Sin and Gods Mercy Love or Commiseration but think it to be sufficient if they Admonish them that lye a dying to think of God and to Pray to him that he may have Mercy upon them and afterwards to wash their Body to cleanse them quite from all Sins according to the Law of their Mahomet which they highly esteem and that the rather because they serve not only the Living but also the Dead wherefore the Turks wash themselves daily chiefly at the Hours of their Prayer when they are a going to Church and that very carefully and diligently viz. Their Hands Privy-Members Head Neck Feet nay the whole Body according as they are Contaminated or become Unclean So in consideration of their Sins they have three sorts of washing whereof one is that of the whole Body which these must make use of that are not Married and contaminate themselves with Concubines wherefore the Baths are kept continually in an equal heat and are open to any body both by Day and Night that these that have occasion to wash their whole Body may not
ad cacumen ipsius supputationem facientes comperimus circiter 250 gradus singuli altitudinem habent 5 solearum calcei 9 pollicum longitudinis in fastigio duos passus habet Where I conceive his passus is in the same sence to be understood here above as not long before he explains himself in describing the Basis below which in his account is 324 passus paululum extensis cruribus Albertus Lewenstainius reckons the Steps to be two hundred and sixty each of them a foot and a half in depth Johannes Helfricus counts them to be two hundred and thirty Sebastianus Serlius upon a relation of Grimano the Patriarch of Aquileia and afterwards Cardinal who in his Travels in Aegypt measured these degrees computes them to be two hundred and ten and the height of every step to be equally three palms and a half It would be but lost labour to mention the different and repugnant relations of several others that which by experience and by a diligent calculation I and two others found is this that the number of degrees from the bottom to the top is two hundred and seven though one of them in descending reckoned two hundred and eight Such as please may give credit to those fabulous Traditions of some That a Turkish Archer standing at the top cannot shoot beyond the bottom but that the Arrow will necessarily fall upon these steps If the Turkish bow which by those figures which I have seen in ancient Monuments is the same with that of the Parthians so dreadful to the Romans be but as swift and strong as the English as surely it is much more if we consider with what incredible force some of them will pierce a Plank of six inches in thickness I speak what I have seen it will not seem strange that they should carry twelve score in length which distance is beyond the Basis of this Pyramid The Description of the Inside of the first Pyramid Having finished the Description of the Superficies of the greater Pyramid with the figure and dimensions of it as they present themselves to the view without I shall now look inwards and lead the Reader into the several spaces and partitions within of which if the Ancients have been silent we must chiefly impute it to a reverend and awful regard mixed with Superstition in not presuming to enter those Chambers of Death which Religion and Devotion had consecrated to the rest and quiet of the Dead Wherefore Herodotus mentions no more but only in general That some secret Vaults are hewn in the Rock under the Pyramid Diodorus Siculus is silent though both enlarge themselves in other particulars less necessary Strabo is also very concise whose whole Description both of this and of the second Pyramid is included in this short expression Forty Stadia or Furlongs from the City Memphis there is a certain brow of an Hill in which are many Pyramids the Sepulchres of Kings three of them are memorable two of these are accounted amongst the seven Miracles of the World each of these are a furlong in heighth the Figure is quadrilateral the Altitude somewhat exceeds each side and the one is somewhat bigger than the other On high as it were in the midst between the sides there is a Stone that may be removed which being taken out there is an oblique or shelving entrance for so I render that which by him is termed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 leading to the Tomb. Pliny expresses nothing within but only a Well which is still extant of eighty six cubits in depth to which he probably imagines by some secret Aqueduct the Water of the River Nilus to be brought Aristides in his Oration entituled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 upon a misinformation of the Aegyptian Priests makes the Foundation of the Structure to have descended as far below as the Altitude ascends above Of which I see no necessity seeing all of them are founded upon Rocks his words are these Now as with admiration we behold the tops of the Pyramids but that which is as much more under ground opposite to it we are ignorant of I speak what I have received from the Priests And this is that which hath been delivered to us by the Ancients which I was unwilling to pretermit more out of reverence of Antiquity than out of any special satisfaction The Arabian Writers especially such as have purposely treated of the Wonders of Aegypt have given us a more full description of what is within these Pyramids but that hath been mix'd with so many Inventions of their own that the truth hath been darkned and almost quite extinguished by them Which Traditions of theirs are little better than a Romance and therefore leaving these I shall give a more true and particular description out of mine own Experience and Observations On the North side ascending thirty eight feet upon an artificial bank of Earth there is a square and narrow passage leading into the Pyramid through the mouth of which being equidistant from the two sides of the Pyramid we enter as it were down the steep of an Hill declining with an angle of twenty six degrees The breadth of this Entrance is exactly three feet and 463 parts of 1000 of the English foot the length of it beginning from the first declivity which is some ten palms without to the utmost extremity of the Neck or streight within where it contracts it self almost nine feet continued with scarce half the depth it had at the first entrance though it keep still the same breadth is ninety two feet and an half The Structure of it hath been the Labour of an exquisite Hand as appears by the smoothness and evenness of the Work and by the close knitting of the Joynts a Property long since observed and commended by Diodorus to have run through the Fabrick of the whole Body of this Pyramid Having passed with Tapers in our Hands this narrow Straight though with some difficulty for at the farther end of it we must Serpent-like creep upon our Bellies we land in a place somewhat larger and of a pretty height but lying incomposed Having been dug away either by the curiosity or avarice of some in hope to discover an hidden Treasure or rather by the Command of Almamon the deservedly renowned Calife of Babylon By whomsoever it were it is not worth the enquiry nor doth the place merit describing but that I was unwilling to pretermit any thing being only an Habitation for Batts and those so ugly and of so large a-size exceeding a foot in length that I have not elsewhere seen the like The length of this obscure and broken space containeth eighty nine feet the breadth and height is various and not worth consideration On the left hand of this adjoyning to that narrow Entrance through which we passed we climb up a steep and massy Stone eight or nine feet in height where we immediately enter upon the lower end of the first Gallery The Pavement of