mind to obey I have nothing to say against this first sort of Difficulties neither need I since no body dares put them in form why should I take up time to refute them I shall only say by way of Allusion Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see God The Difficulties of the second Order are the Difficulties of Wit they attack the Divinity of our Saviour because they do not comprehend it their bounded understanding measures all Truths according to the extent of its own Conceptions and subjects to this Rule things that Eye hath not seen nor Ear heard nor ever came into the heart of Man This Earth-worm will needs measure the Third Heaven what extravagance can be greater He cannot conceive how the Father the Son and Holy Ghost are God without making three Gods of them therefore there is no such thing Would not one think hearing a Man talk at this rate that he had an infinite understanding and that he comprehended all things in the Infinity of his Conception And yet we shall find that this presuming Wit doth not understand any thing perfectly no not so much as the Nature of the most common things He does not understand himself and tho every thing be a Mystery to him yet he cannot away with the Mysteries of Religion Yet this Enemy of the Mysteries of our Religion professeth a Mystery which is at least as inconceivable as any is in our Religion For he will make us believe That a Creature hath been invested with infinite Attributes that a Creature hath been made God in Knowledge Power and Glory Pray tell me what is a Mystery if this be not and an inconceivable one too The Creature turn'd God and the Finite turn'd Infinite the most incredible and contradictory thing in the World Our Mystery indeed asserts That God humbled himself but that this was by uniting himself personally with a Creature which he took to himself amongst Men and yet this very Man that makes so many Difficulties against the Incarnation tells us of a Man that is become God by a strange kind of Metamorphosis Thus they reject the Truth and instead thereof fill their Heads with Chimaera's The triumphant Raillery of the Prophane is That one is one and one is three and then making a show of their being fully persuaded of the Unity of God they suppose the Divinity of our Saviour sufficiently overthrown Who doubts that one is one and that one is not three this is true even in our Divine Arithmetick there are Three Persons three manners of Subsisting the Father the Son and the Holy Ghost We do not say That these Three Persons are but One Person that would be contradictory but we say That these Three Persons are in One Divine Essence Three are not One neither is One Three in the same respect there is a Trinity of Persons but an Unity of Nature But you cannot conceive how Three Persons can possess at the same time the same individual Nature what then I conceive it no more than you do but is it such a strange thing that God should be otherwise than we are otherwise than all the things we see otherwise than all that we can conceive He hath assur'd me That his Nature consists in Three Persons I believe it with Submission This ought to be the Temper and Behaviour of our Understanding in the Difficulties it meets with on this Mystery The Difficulties of the Third Order are the Difficulties of Scripture Men are asham'd to propose their Heart-difficulties for in so doing they would expose their own Corruption and nothing but a Spirit of Libertinism dares openly oppose its own Light to that of Divine Revelation They rather search for a plausible pretence in the Revelation it self several places of Scripture are heap'd to-together to compose a Cloud that may hinder the Glory of the Gospel from shining forth in its full Lustre At first those Texts are hunted for that prove Christ to be Man But pray what is this to the Question These Texts prove that he is Man we say so too yea cursed be he that saith that Jesus Christ is not Man We believe that by one of his Natures he was Man as we are but this does not hinder him from being God by his other Nature Man consists of Body and Soul can we prove from the Functions of his Body that he hath no Soul He Eats he Drinks he Sleeps therefore he hath nothing else but a Body This way of arguing is ridiculous consider this Man well and you 'll soon find by the operations of his Understanding that he hath a Soul as well as a Body This we might prove by the Example of all compounds This is enough we believe that our Lord Jesus is a Person compos'd of two Natures viz. of a Divine and Humane Nature he is Flesh and Blood he hath suffered tasted Death this shews him to be Man He prayed he worshipped he was ignorant of several things this shews he was Man But he formed the World he created the Angels he makes himself equal with his Heavenly Father this proves him to be God We readily admit the Passages of Scripture that rank him amongst Men neither dare we suppress those where he is call'd God To make our Doctrine to agree with the Scripture we must hold him to be God-man Our Adversaries prove from several Texts of Scripture that there is but one God all this is time spent in vain we are all fully persuaded that there is but one God Cursed be he that admits more than one God But say they you teach that the Father is God and that the Son is God we do so and in doing so we follow the Scripture but you don't hear us say That they are Two Gods they are Two Persons in one and the same God but not Two Gods But you say That Jesus Christ is equal with God the Father and Son therefore according to you are two Beings equal in Dignity doth not this imply a plurality of Gods since two equal Gods cannot be the same God This difficulty only proceeds from hence that they pretend to be ignorant of what we say upon the Mystery of the Trinity for supposing that the Father and the Son are only Two Persons or two manners of Subsisting in one and the same Being there is no room left for this Objection The Father and the Son these Two Persons are necessarily equal by such an Equality as does not thwart their Unity because they indivisiby possess the same Nature They insist further that the Father is called the only true God This is life eternal that they know thee the only true God John 17.3 and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent What would they infer from hence What that Jesus Christ is a God but that he is a false God A Christian ear cannot with patience hear such Blasphemy and yet they must come to this before they can make those words to be
before Men were Poetical Fiction Reason of State Gratitude Flattery or Superstition had no part here From everlasting to everlasting thou art God The Men that were worshipp'd whilst yet alive easily perceiv'd that they were no gods they were very sensible that the Divine Honours rendred unto them were no better than Robbery But saith St. Paul Jesus Christ thought it no Robbery to be equal with God in which words there is a tacite opposition to that Subordination which Paganism had establish'd amongst their gods They said that Jupiter was the Master and Lord Paramount of their gods there being none on equal ground with him St. Paul here insinuates that Jesus Christ is really greater than all the Pagan gods were even in the Conceit of those that were their Worshippers He is equal to God to that Great God who is the Soveraign Master and Lord of the Universe Besides these oppositions which the Apostle had an eye to in the words we are explaining it seems probable that he had a more particular regard to a matter wherein the Philippians were more particularly concern'd They conceiv'd it no small part of their Glory that their Countrey had produc'd Alexander the Great This Conqueror conceiv'd it was both his Glory and Interest to be worshipp'd as a god He would needs be thought the Son of Jupiter and not being content to have pillaged the Earth was desirous to carry his Usurpations to Heaven He knew well enough that the Quality he Arrogated to himself of being the Son of Jupiter was a true piece of Robbery The power of Truth oblig'd this False god to say during the pains he suffer'd by the Wound he had received from an Arrow That they would make him the Son of Jupiter but that he self well enough that he was but a Man The Philippians were fully acquainted with this Story St. Paul knew it and we may aver that he thought of it in presenting to the Philippians a Saviour who was really and truly God the true Son of the true God who being in the Form of God thought it no robbery to be equal with God All these oppositions are of great use to illustrate the Literal Sense we have explained It is time now to search into the Doctrine it contains which we shall do by considering it first in a Relative and then in an Absolute Sense In a Relative Sense it will be to purpose to know the Characters first of him who is here spoken of secondly of him who speaks and thirdly of those to whom it is spoken He concerning whom here is spoken was on the one hand the Pattern of an Absolute Humility and on the other a great Zealot for the Glory of God If we have cast our Eyes never so little upon the Gospel we shall find this to be a Truth altogether incontestable Our Lord Jesus himself hath given us a great and signal instance of the Humility which he recommends he washeth his Disciples Feet he suffers Injuries patiently he flees Honours On the other hand How nice and tender do we find him in cases where his Father's Glory was concern'd Doth he perceive that the Laws of God are made to truckle to the Traditions of Men With what force do we see him exaggerate this Affront If he sees Men prophane the House of God by changing it to a Market-place he does not think words sufficient to repress this Insolence he makes a Whip of Cords to lash these Prophane Wretches out of the Temple With this double Character which might be made out by many more passages of Scripture at what a rate think you would our Saviour have delivered himself if ever he had met with one that made himself a god This was a time wherein the Jews were not guilty of gross Idolatry and wherein Jerusalem had banish'd the Idols of other Nations so that our Lord had no occasion to declare against Idols but had he met with any what would not he have said Had he taken notice of any Man that arrogated to himself Divine Honours with what Zeal and Vehemence would he have confounded the Pride of that Usurper We know enough of the Spirit of our Lord on other occasions to justifie what we suppose of him What then ought we to conclude from this that he who was so Humble and so Zealous yet made himself equal with God Nothing can be said here that is consistent with Reason but to confess that he was really that for which he would that Men should take him Had not he been God and consequently equal to God his Father he would have been so far from affecting this Equality that he would have abhorr'd the least tendency that way Instead of speaking Magisterially he would always have exprest himself in the most humble stile imaginable to disabuse the People who by the Fame of his Miracles would have been tempted to take him for a God But we find his Conduct quite opposite to this he doth not think it any Robbery to be equal with God But how can this be if he be not God indeed What is become of his Humility What of his Zeal What of his Sincerity These three Virtues are the Sureties and Pledges for our Faith of the Godhead of Jesus Christ Who is it that writes this 'T is St. Paul that is to say in one word whatsoever can be conceiv'd of Zeal against attributing the Divine Glory to a Creature This Apostle met with several occasions to make himself known under this Character He strongly declares himself against Idolatry in several places In the Acts of the Apostles we find what a Reception he gave to those Divine Honours which the Lycaonians would needs force upon him he rents his Clothes runs in amongst them Crying out and saying Acts 14.15 Sirs why do you these things We are also men of like passions with you and preach unto you that ye should turn from these vanities unto the living God In the Seventeenth Chapter of the same Book we find that the Spirit of St. Paul was stirred in him at the sight of the Idols they worshipp'd at Athens Acts 17.16 In the first Chapter of the Epistle to the Romans we find him thundring against Idolaters saying that they changed the glory of the incorruptible God Rom 1.23 25. into an image made like to corruptible man and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator who is blessed for ever This is enough to give us a taste of St. Paul's Spirit in this matter and to shew that he had the greatest horror for Idolatry Besides this he made it always his business to humble and abase the Creature that thereby the greater Glory might redound to the Creator and to remove all those things that might in the least serve to colour the Religious Worship of the Creature Yet for all this he speaks always most magnificently of Jesus Christ he makes him equal with the Soveraign God who hath created Heaven and
refer these words wherefore or for this Cause to all that went before Christ being in the form of God thought it no robbery to be equal with God nevertheless he emptied himself Wherefore c. That is to say because he was equal with God and because in his Incarnation he was willing to make himself equal with man for this double Cause a Name hath been given him above every Name Let us take heed of believing that all the Glory of Christ is the fruit of his Humiliation before ever he was made Man he had his Glory Now Joh. 17.5 O Father glorisie me with the glory which I had with thee before the world was Christ was God from the Beginning In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God John 1.1 He was God therefore before ever he emptied himself and as such John 1.14 he had his Glory the glory as of the only begotten of the Father True it is there is a Glory which he began first fully to enjoy after his emptying of himself this is the Glory of the Mediator a Glory which he entred upon at the time of his Incarnation and which shall end on that Solemn day when he shall deliver up the Kingdom to his Father This Transient Glory is owing to Jesus Christ's emptying of himself considered as the Abasement of God-man The Glory of this Mediator is too great to be deriv'd to any mere Creature He was God and he became Man for this double Cause a Name is given him above every name It is not only because he is God nor only because he was Man Join them both together 't is because being God he was made Man that he is thus highly Elevated The Godhead is the spring of this Merit the Humanity is the way of it If he had not been God he would not have been great enough to be our Mediator with God and had he not been Man he would not have been low enough to be a Mediator with regard to men Had he been nothing but God he would not have been known he would have had no Name this is the Reason He being the Second Person in the Trinity the Father who had reserved to himself the Government of the world would have enjoyed the Worship of men and the Word would have been Adored only in a hidden and implicit manner It was agreed therefore between the Father and the Son that the Son should come down to Redeem men and that in consideration thereof he should openly enjoy their Worship This was executed accordingly Christ united to himself a Victim which he hath given up for us unto Death He must therefore in virtue of this Treaty receive a Name and together with that Name the Adorations of Mankind Refer we therefore this Worship radically to the Divine Nature which alone deserves Adoration and by way of instrument to the Victim which the Word hath honoured by his Incarnation Wherefore he hath also given to our Lord a name above every name that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow St. Paul in these words alludes to that passage of the Prophet Isaiah Isai 45.23 where God saith Vnto me every knee shall bow and every tongue shall swear It is observable also that St. Paul makes use of these same words in the Epistle to the Romans to prove that we must all appear before the Tribunal of Christ For it is written saith he Rom. 14.11 as I live saith the Lord every knee shall bow to me and every tongue shall confess to God Christ therefore is that Lord who in the Old Testament Swears that all shall humble themselves before him This is the conclusion that every man will infer from hence who believes that St. Paul understood the Prophet Isaiah It is time to draw to a Conclusion after having shewed very clearly That seeing Christ bears the Names of God seeing he possesseth the Essence or the Attributes of God and that he enjoys the Worship that is due to none but God he could not think it any Robbery to make himself Equal with God I shall conclude this Discourse with Four Reflections the importance whereof is such as may well challenge a moment more of your attention The first Reflection is That by denying the Truth we have been here confirming we make of the Bible the strangest Book in the world We believe and we have great reason to believe that never was any thing so excellent seen by men It is a work by which all Parties maintain themselves and throughout the whole of which we see nothing else but traces of the most profound Wisdom Both the Testaments correspond with the most exactest Symmetry the Old is made for the New and the New for the Old All the designs of the Holy Ghost agree together neither is any thing of contradiction to be found in them But we shall not find this to be so in the case of the Hypothesis we here oppose For that supposed this Sacred Book appears a quite other thing The Old Testament hath scarcely the least correspondence with the New We find nothing but thwartings and contradictions between them and it cannot in the least seem strange to me that those who embrace this Notion are so near neighbours to Irreligion The Old Testament commands us in express terms to Worship nothing but God that we must put our confidence in none but God that we are not to Hope but in God Let us not cavil about words I mean the Sovereign God who hath Created Heaven and Earth The New Testament if Jesus Christ be not God overturns all this This supposed 't is evident that our Saviour came not to fulfil the Law and the Prophets but utterly to confound and destroy them Let us speak only of the New Testament Bless me what a Book shall we have of it if Jesus Christ be not God 'T will be nothing else but a medly of Contradictions Snares and Blasphemies On one hand we find in it many Passages wherein Idolatry is condemn'd and elsewhere as many where it is commanded These are the contradictions We meet with Passages every where that invite us to Adore the Lord Jesus these are the Snares and terrible ones too Divine Providence took care to hide the Body of Moses lest it should have been made an object of Worship But the Providence of the New Testament will be very different it makes us every moment to meet with Christ under strong appearances that solicite our Adorations without ever cautioning us with a see thou do it not worship God Rev. 22 9. The New Testament is full of Ancient Oracles pronounced to the honor of the Living God it is clear as the Sun at Noon-day that the Applications the Apostles make of them are mere childish Triflings and Blasphemies if our Saviour by one of his Natures be not that Living God whom the Prophets worshipp'd But then grant but
Earth What therefore can St. Paul's Thoughts be in speaking thus Must we not look upon him to be the most imprudent of all Men in making our Saviour so great in case he be not God At this rate we must not leave to our Apostle not so much as common Sense We are agreed that he abhors the Religious Worship of the Creature and at the same time own that he sets the Creature upon the Altar This therefore engageth us to declare either that St. Paul was a Mad-man or that Jesus Christ was indeed God blessed for ever Neither will the Enemies of his Divinity be ever able to justifie the Apostle's Wisdom by saying that the Man whom he makes so great was not an ordinary Man Let him be an Angel let him be more than the Angels if he be a Creature he is infinitely below God Let us conceive a Creature as glorious as it is possible for any Creature to be there will still be an infinite difference between it and the Creator We cannot without the greatest imprudence say of it that it is equal to the Creator it would be utterly absurd to make a God of this Creature however advanced or dignify'd This is the Honour put upon St. Paul by those who affirm that this Jesus whose Glory he exalts so extreamly was no more than a meer Creature And whom doth this St. Paul speak to To the Philippians that is to Christians that had been either Jews or Heathens how untowardly did our Apostle go about to confirm them in their Vocation if Jesus Christ had not been God He hath to do with People who were apt enough to take offence at this Truth These Christians that before had been Jews were perswaded from their Infancy that it was a Crime of the highest Nature for any man to make himself equal with God They had been Instructed that for a like piece of Insolence the chief of the Angels had lost himself together with his whole Faction This was the very Creature that of all others was nearest to God and yet because he aspir'd to a greater nearness he was cast headlong into the Bottomless Pit They knew that the First Man fell into disfavour with his Creator for having affected to be as God They had been conversant in the Writing of the Prophets where they had been informed that God detests nothing more than Pride which made Man forget the meanness and lowness of his Nature Amongst other passages they had not forgot the Description the Prophet Isaiah makes of the King of Babylon Isa 14.12 How art thou fallen from heaven O Lucifer son of the morning c. For thou hast said in thine heart I will ascend into heaven I will exalt my throne above the stars of God c. I will ascend above the heights of the clouds I will be like the most high yet shalt thou be brought down to hell The Exhortations of the Prophets against Idolatry had made such an Impression on the Spirit of the Jews at the time that St. Paul writ this Epistle that there was no Sin which they did more abhor and detest than this We know what happen'd when Pilate undertook to put some Shields into the Temple of Jerusalem they were sain to take them away from thence because the People were offended to see the Faces of the Roman Caesars upon them Herod also having Erected Trophies in that Holy Place could not appease the Tumult but by shewing them that no Human Figure was found in them It is notorious also what happened when Herod had the Boldness to place an Eagle over the Gate of the Temple History is full of the Effects of the Tenderness of the Jews with respect to Idolatry at the Time of the Birth of Christianism We must here distinguish the Times for it is certain that in the time of the Prophets the Jews as by a Spirit of Contradiction run mad after Idols Neither did they begin to be wise in this Point till after the ceasing of the Prophets It is no less incontestable that the most of the Christians of Philippi had in their Education been made very sensible of any thing that approacht to the Worship of the Creature What therefore could be St. Paul's meaning in proposing to them a Jesus who makes himself equal with God if indeed Jesus had not been God This was a Capital Error and would have been the ready way to make the Christians to return to the Synagogue whence they were come forth If we will but allow our Apostle to have had any tolerable remainder of Sense and Understanding we must own that the Fear of incensing them to the utmost would have made him suppress what he saith of our Saviour if so be he had not been God if he had not really been that which the King of Babylon pretended to be We add this word because it is very probable that St. Paul in our Text made an Allusion to this Description wherein Isaiah represents a King whom he calls by way of derision Star of the Morning and who after having made himself like to the most High is sorely against his Will hurl'd down to the Grave It was a piece of manifest Robbery for this proud Monarch to take so soaring a flight I will shew you saith St. Paul who is the true Morning-Star truly equal with God and the very true God and who notwithstanding all these Transcendent Advantages humbled and emptied himself and that voluntarily It is no other than Jesus Christ who being in the form of God thought it no robbery to be equal with God Return we now to the second Order of Christians to whom St. Paul writes these were the Converted Heathens who had renounced the multitude of their Gods They had been made asham'd of a Plurality injurious to the Supream Lord of the Universe and they had suffer'd themselves to be persuaded that this God all alone was possest of the whole Glory of the Deity Themselves are become the Adversaries of the Religion they had forsaken they are astonisht to think how formerly they could believe a plurality of gods they deride the Error that communicates the Divinity to many Beings and those foolish Genealogies that furnish Saturn and Jupiter with Children Let somebody tell us now what is become of St. Paul's Wisdom to speak to a People of this Temper of a Son of God of a Jesus equal with God Would not they have stop'd his Mouth with some such return as this You plunge us into the same Errors whence you your self have so lately retrieved us You have made us Christians by perswading us that there is but One God we have believed it and now you come and violate this inculcated Unity I appeal to any Rational man whether any thing less than the invincible strength of Truth could have allowed St. Paul to deliver any thing like the Divinity of Jesus Christ He formerly asserts it though indeed if he had only spoken of it
in such a manner as to leave the matter in doubt we must own that even this would have been a great Imprudence in St. Paul to advance so far as this forasmuch as by this means he would have ruined the work of his Ministry This is a convincing Argument to any one never so little acquainted with the great Prudence of St. Paul how well he was perswaded of the Divinity of Jesus Christ Consider we in the second place Christ's humbling and emptying of himself But made himself of no reputation as our English Translation renders what in the Original is He emptied himself I make no question but it hath appeared strange to some that I have so long insisted on the Glory of our Saviour on a Day solemnized in memory of his Humiliation But they will be satisfied by considering the Mystery they have heard explained It is the Mystery by way of Eminence it is the Mystery that sets off all all other Mysteries 't is the Mystery without which the Christian Religion would contain no Mystery at all For if we consider it independently from the Divinity of Jesus Christ we shall find our Religion to contain nothing that is Great or Sublime The whole of it will only amount to this That a Teacher comes to instruct men by exact Morality and by a perfect example with regard to those Virtues we ought to practise in our lives but against whom there are some things to be objected with respect to those Virtues that are of use at the point of death What a mean Idea would they fain give us of Christ and his Religion St. Paul in this case would have been quite besides the matter in saying Without controversy great is the mystery of godliness We know that our Apostle uttered himself thus by way of opposition to other Mysteries particularly to the Mysteries of Paganism and by a more special manner in opposition to the Mysteries of the Great Diana Goddess of the Ephesians where Timothy made his abode In this City the ordinary Cry was Great Great is Diana of the Ephesians In opposition to which the Cry of St. Paul is Great great is the mystery of godliness yea without controversy great is the mystery of godliness What reason was there for all this a do For all these positive Assertions if Jesus Christ be no more than a meer man But I very well apprehend St. Paul when I consider that Christianity presents us a God manifested in Flesh for without all controversy this is a great Mystery the greatest that ever was heard of by men This is that which ennobles the Christian Religion and 't is from this Spring she derives all her Glory There is nothing in our Holy Religion which does not become precious and admirable by the general influence of this great Mystery Can any one therefore justly accuse us for having too long insisted on the Glory of our Lord seeing it is also the entire Glory of our Religion But that which altogether justifies our Method herein is That this day is properly Consecrated to the Thankfulness we owe to God for his infinite Love in sending his Son into the World and in delivering him up to Death after having clothed him with our Nature To this purpose it is of absolute necessity for us to know the price and value of this Present The greater it is the greater must be our Thankfulness If Jesus Christ be no more than a man I dare boldly say that his sending of him is not the greatest favour God hath bestowed upon us This supposed we see little reason why the Gospel should insist so strongly and emphatically upon this Divine Charity Why doth it tell us of the riches of grace of the exceeding excellent riches of grace in Jesus Christ Why doth it tell us that God so loved the world as to send his only begotten Son That God recommends his love unto us in that when we were yet sinners Christ died for us Surely if Jesus Christ be no more than a mere Man yea if he were no more than an Angel the Point would never bear these Expressions put but the name of Man where Christ is spoken of and you 'll be fain to own that these passages have no sense at all God hath so loved men that he sent a man to hinder them from perishing What is it such an unparallel'd instance of Charity for God to send one Man to save so many Millions of Men This would have been no more than if he had given a straw for to save them surely there is no such transcendent Love in all this God hath to that degree recommended his Love to us that he hath sent a Man to Dye for us Where is the wonder in all this where shall we look for this high recommendation of the Divine Love If instead of a Man it were an Angel or some other Creature far more Glorious yet would it not have bulk enough to fill up all these Passages 'T is no such great matter to form a Creature on purpose to shew so many Millions of men the way to Life And yet the Scripture prompts us to conceive of the Love of God as of a thing that merits the Admiration of Men and Angels Except therefore we take it for granted that our Redeemer is God we are at a loss how to make any sense at all of these Texts of Scripture But no sooner have we admitted this Mystery but we find that nothing indeed can be conceiv'd so great as is this Love of God We find that the sending of Jesus Christ is the grace by way of excellence we perceive that the Scripture hath not said too much of it and we confess in a word that it is impossible for us to make any answerable return for this infinite Mercy of God by any other way than by an infinite Acknowledgment were we capable of it We have therefore spoke things suitable to the Day by confirming you in your perswasion of the Divinity of our Saviour for by this means we have powerfully excited your grateful Acknowledgment Yea we may say that we have handled the Second Point in treating of the First so that there remains nothing in a manner for us to say upon these Words of St. Paul yet he humbled or emptied himself We had proposed to our selves to make you sensible of the Greatness of our Saviour's Love in Emptying himself for us To compass this our intent we have been oblig'd to measure both ends of this Mystery we have drawn our Line from that end which was farthest from us the least sensible and most unknown I mean we have begun with the Eternal Glory of Jesus Christ from which we must now pass to the other end or extremity and consider what Jesus Christ is become he became man he humbled himself to the Death There is no need of insisting long upon this second Extremity it is a thing known to us we know what it is to