imprimatur_fw-la hic_fw-la libre_fw-la cvi_fw-la titulus_fw-la the_o natural_a history_n of_o oxford-shire_n ramires_n bathur_v vicecancellar_a oxon_n april_n 13._o 1676._o the_o natural_a history_n of_o oxford-shire_n be_v a_o essay_n towards_o the_o natural_a history_n of_o england_n by_o robert_n plot_n doctor_n of_o law_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d arat._n in_o phaenom_fw-la print_a at_o the_o theater_n in_o oxford_n and_o be_v to_o be_v have_v there_o and_o in_o london_n at_o mr._n moses_n pit_n at_o the_o angel_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n and_o at_o mr._n s._n miller_n at_o the_o star_n near_o the_o west-end_n of_o st._n paul_n church_n to_o the_o most_o sacred_a majesty_n of_o charles_n the_o second_o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britan_n france_n and_o ireland_n defender_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n may_v it_o please_v your_o majesty_n it_o have_v certain_o be_v a_o unpardonable_a presumption_n for_o so_o mean_v a_o person_n as_o the_o author_n of_o this_o essay_n to_o have_v present_v your_o majesty_n with_o a_o yet_o mean_a discourse_n have_v not_o the_o subject_n of_o it_o always_o deserve_v the_o notice_n and_o the_o enquirer_n into_o it_o the_o favour_n of_o prince_n thus_o have_v aristotle_n in_o write_v his_o treatise_n of_o animal_n the_o assistance_n of_o alexander_n and_o pliny_n the_o patronage_n of_o titus_n vespasian_n to_o his_o natural_a history_n beside_o this_o attemt_fw-mi seem_v more_o just_o to_o belong_v to_o your_o majesty_n than_o any_o of_o their_o history_n to_o their_o respective_a patron_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o exceed_v your_o majesty_n dominion_n that_o it_o contain_v but_o a_o enquiry_n into_o one_o of_o the_o small_a part_n of_o they_o viz._n your_o always_o loyal_a county_n and_o university_n of_o oxford_n whereas_o their_o volume_n be_v bound_v only_o with_o the_o universe_n yet_o what_o more_o particular_o move_v i_o to_o 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the_o mercat_n town_n and_o many_o parish_n omit_v by_o saxton_n speed_n etc._n etc._n it_o show_v also_o the_o village_n distinguish_v by_o a_o different_a mark_n and_o character_n and_o the_o house_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n and_o other_o of_o any_o magnitude_n within_o the_o county_n and_o all_o these_o with_o their_o bearing_n to_o one_o another_o according_a to_o the_o compass_n and_o as_o for_o the_o distance_n though_o i_o dare_v not_o promise_v they_o mathematical_o exact_v which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_n of_o the_o ground_n interposition_n of_o wood_n rivers_n etc._n etc._n i_o think_v scarce_o possible_a in_o many_o place_n to_o be_v give_v at_o all_o yet_o some_o few_o of_o they_o be_v as_o true_a as_o actual_a dimensuration_n and_o most_o of_o they_o as_o the_o doctrine_n of_o triangle_n and_o the_o best_a information_n all_o compare_v together_o can_v direct_v i_o to_o put_v they_o so_o that_o provide_v they_o have_v not_o be_v move_v in_o the_o grave_v as_o i_o think_v they_o have_v but_o little_a i_o take_v they_o all_o seat_v not_o far_o from_o the_o truth_n as_o for_o the_o scale_n of_o mile_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n in_o oxford-shire_n the_o great_a lesser_a and_o middle_a mile_n as_o almost_o every_o where_o else_o it_o be_v contrive_v according_a to_o the_o middle_a sort_n of_o they_o for_o these_o i_o conceive_v may_v be_v most_o proper_o call_v the_o true_a oxford-shire_n mile_n which_o upon_o actual_a dimensuration_n at_o several_a place_n i_o find_v to_o contain_v for_o the_o most_o part_n 9_o furlong_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o which_o about_o 60_o answer_v a_o degree_n where_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v but_o expedient_a that_o the_o reader_n take_v notice_n that_o i_o intend_v not_o that_o there_o be_v 60_o of_o these_o mile_n in_o a_o degree_n according_a to_o the_o common_a account_n for_o reckon_v 5280_o foot_n or_o eight_o furlong_n to_o a_o mile_n as_o be_v usual_a in_o england_n no_o less_o than_o 69_o will_v correspond_v to_o a_o degree_n upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v and_o no_o other_o that_o of_o the_o middle_a oxford-shire_n mile_n each_o contain_n 9_o furlong_n and_o a_o quarter_n about_o 60_o will_v do_v it_o according_a to_o these_o mile_n the_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n be_v divide_v into_o minute_n on_o each_o side_n the_o map_n chief_o make_v off_o from_o the_o exact_a northern_a latitude_n of_o oxford_n collect_v from_o the_o many_o year_n observation_n of_o dr._n banbridg_n and_o at_o last_o conclude_v to_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o 46_o minute_n of_o the_o 51_o degree_n proxime_fw-la the_o 52_o and_o degree_n begin_v at_o the_o small_a line_n pass_v through_o mixbury_n clifton_n north_n of_o deddington_n the_o two_o barfords_n south_n nuneton_n and_o between_o hoke_n norton_n and_o the_o lodge_n by_o which_o division_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o know_v to_o a_o minute_n of_o a_o degree_n nay_o almost_o to_o a_o second_o in_o what_o latitude_n every_o town_n parish_n village_n and_o gentleman_n house_n be_v seat_v beside_o for_o the_o house_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n this_o map_n be_v so_o contrive_v that_o a_o foreigner_n as_o well_o as_o englishman_n at_o what_o distance_n soever_o may_v with_o ease_n find_v out_o who_o be_v the_o owner_n of_o most_o of_o they_o so_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o say_v that_o this_o be_v such_o or_o such_o a_o gentleman_n house_n and_o all_o this_o do_v by_o figure_n put_v to_o every_o such_o house_n which_o refer_v again_o to_o figure_n of_o the_o same_o value_n place_v in_o order_n over_o the_o arm_n in_o the_o limb_n of_o the_o map_n show_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o each_o shield_n the_o nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n name_n who_o house_n it_o be_v their_o respective_a coat_n of_o arm_n be_v always_o place_v between_o the_o figure_n and_o name_n which_o too_o all_o but_o some_o few_o be_v cut_v in_o their_o metal_n fur_n or_o colour_n as_o bear_v by_o their_o owner_n and_o not_o only_o the_o shield_n but_o ordnary_n charge_n difference_n etc._n etc._n where_o they_o be_v not_o too_o small_a if_o argent_fw-fr be_v leave_v white_a if_o or_o fill_v with_o small_a point_n if_o gules_a lineat_v perpendicular_o or_o in_o pale_a if_o azure_a horizontal_o or_o fess-way_n if_o vert_fw-fr oblique_o or_o bend-way_n if_o sable_a both_o pale_a and_o fess-way_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o map_n which_o be_v all_o the_o colour_n make_v use_v of_o there_o and_o if_o ever_o hereafter_o i_o shall_v meet_v with_o any_o bear_v purpure_a ten_o or_o sanguine_a the_o first_o shall_v be_v represent_v with_o line_n in_o bend_v sinister_a ten_o with_o line_n salterway_n mix_v of_o vert_fw-fr and_o purpure_a and_o sanguine_a paly_a bendy_a mix_v of_o gules_a and_o purpure_a according_a to_o this_o method_n not_o only_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o university_n all_o the_o college_n
be_v but_o a_o thin_a spiry_n grass_n and_o will_v not_o be_v of_o any_o bulk_n the_o first_o year_n unless_o thicken_v by_o the_o trefoil_n which_o fail_v by_o degree_n the_o ray_n or_o bennet-grass_n so_o some_o also_o call_v it_o thicken_v upon_o it_o and_o last_v for_o ever_o of_o ray-grass_n and_o trefoil_n thus_o mix_v together_o one_o at_o islip_n but_o late_o have_v so_o advantageous_a a_o crop_n that_o from_o four_o statute_n acre_n worth_n not_o above_o forty_o shilling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la beside_o the_o keep_n six_o or_o eight_o cattle_n till_o holy_a thursday_n and_o the_o feed_v all_o the_o winter_n follow_v have_v twenty_o quarter_n of_o seed_n worth_a twenty_o pound_n and_o fourteen_o load_n of_o fodder_n enough_o to_o winter_v five_o or_o six_o cattle_n 34._o the_o faenum_fw-la burgundiacum_n caeruleum_fw-la l'obelii_n or_o medica_fw-la legitima_fw-la clusii_n &_o dodonaei_n common_o call_v lucern_n but_o by_o the_o learned_a dr._n morison_n say_v to_o be_v the_o true_a sainct-foin_n be_v also_o sow_o here_o and_o find_v to_o agree_v well_o enough_o with_o a_o rich_a moist_a ground_n but_o better_a by_o much_o in_o a_o warm_a and_o dry_a soil_n this_o stand_v recommend_v for_o a_o excellent_a fodder_n both_o by_o man_n and_o beast_n especial_o horse_n which_o be_v purge_v and_o make_v fat_a with_o it_o in_o the_o spring_n time_n in_o 8_o or_o 10_o day_n but_o no_o more_o of_o this_o or_o any_o other_o grass_n they_o have_v all_o but_o ray-grass_n be_v already_o describe_v 35._o but_o beside_o grass_n there_o have_v some_o other_o plant_n be_v cultivate_v here_o of_o no_o mean_a use_n such_o as_o cnicus_n sive_fw-la carthamus_n sativus_fw-la manure_v bastard_n saffron_n sometime_o call_v safflore_v for_o die_v of_o scarlet_n and_o therefore_o by_o some_o call_v also_o the_o scarlet_a flower_n whereof_o there_o be_v once_o a_o considerable_a quantity_n sow_o at_o north-aston_n by_o colonel_n vernon_n the_o seed_n be_v plant_v in_o row_n about_o a_o foot_n distant_a for_o the_o more_o convenient_a how_v and_o keep_v it_o clean_o from_o weed_n in_o these_o row_v it_o rise_v with_o a_o strong_a round_a stalk_n three_o or_o four_o foot_n high_a branch_a itself_o to_o the_o top_n where_o it_o bear_v a_o great_a open_a skaly_a head_n out_o of_o which_o it_o thrust_v forth_o many_o gold_n yellow_a thread_n of_o a_o most_o orient_a and_o shine_a colour_n which_o they_o gather_v every_o day_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o ripen_v and_o dry_v they_o well_o which_o do_v it_o be_v fit_a for_o sale_n and_o die_v of_o scarlet_a 36._o and_o about_o hampton_n and_o clanfield_n they_o make_v some_o profit_n of_o sow_v carum_fw-la sive_fw-la careum_fw-la or_o the_o carui_fw-la of_o the_o shop_n common_o call_v caruwaies_o which_o they_o sow_v in_o march_n or_o april_n as_o they_o do_v parsley_n the_o first_o year_n it_o seem_v it_o bear_v no_o seed_n but_o the_o next_o it_o seed_n and_o shatter_v and_o so_o will_v hold_v six_o or_o seven_o year_n without_o new_a sow_v or_o any_o other_o care_n or_o trouble_v beside_o keep_v it_o from_o weed_n the_o encouragement_n they_o have_v to_o sow_v it_o be_v the_o value_n put_v on_o it_o one_o pound_n of_o this_o be_v esteem_v by_o the_o grocer_n worth_a almost_o two_o of_o that_o which_o they_o have_v from_o london_n 37._o and_o this_o be_v all_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o concern_v cultivate_v plant_n worthy_a take_v notice_n of_o in_o this_o county_n but_o that_o like_o the_o wild_a indigenous_a one_o these_o have_v sometime_o accident_n that_o attend_v they_o too_o for_o such_o and_o no_o other_o be_v the_o two_o ear_n of_o wheat_n branch_v from_o one_o stalk_n and_o six_o ear_n of_o barley_n from_o another_o find_v at_o fulbrook_n near_o burford_n and_o give_v i_o by_o mr._n jourden_n since_o decease_v nor_o have_v i_o more_o to_o add_v concern_v they_o but_o that_o i_o find_v few_o that_o i_o have_v mention_v to_o be_v note_v by_o mr._n ray._n 38._o next_o herbaceous_a plant_n i_o proceed_v to_o the_o shrub_n among_o which_o i_o meet_v with_o but_o little_a extraordinary_a only_o the_o haw-thorn_n at_o bampton_n in_o the_o bowling-green_a hedge_n bear_v white_a berry_n or_o haw_n which_o indeed_o i_o take_v to_o be_v a_o great_a curiosity_n for_o though_o in_o flower_n and_o animal_n white_a be_v esteem_v by_o some_o a_o penurious_a colour_n and_o a_o certain_a indication_n of_o a_o scarcity_n of_o nourishment_n whence_o it_o be_v say_v my_o lord_n verulam_n 93._o verulam_n nat._n hist_o cent._n 1._o num._n 93._o that_o blue_a violet_n and_o other_o flower_n if_o they_o be_v starve_v turn_v pale_a and_o white_a bird_n and_o horse_n by_o age_n turn_v white_a and_o the_o hoary_a hair_n of_o man_n come_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n and_o though_o among_o fruit_n the_o white_a for_o the_o most_o part_n argue_v but_o a_o mean_a concoction_n they_o be_v general_o of_o a_o flashy_a over-watery_a taste_n as_o pear-plum_n the_o white-harvest_n plum_n white_a bulleis_n &c_n &c_n damasin_n &c_n here_o except_o the_o pardegwin_n and_o white_a damasin_n and_o diver_n sort_v of_o pear_n and_o apple_n of_o that_o colour_n yet_o in_o berry_n the_o case_n seem_v to_o be_v quite_o different_a as_o we_o see_v in_o goosberry_n grape_n strawberry_n rasp_v whereof_o the_o white_a be_v by_o much_o the_o more_o delicate_a and_o have_v the_o better_a flavour_n which_o if_o true_a in_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o berry-bearing_a plant_n as_o in_o probability_n it_o may_v we_o have_v reason_n to_o conclude_v that_o the_o berry_n of_o this_o thorn_n be_v not_o accidental_o white_a through_o defect_n or_o disease_n as_o in_o some_o other_o plant_n but_o that_o they_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o its_o perfection_n and_o that_o the_o thorn_n itself_o be_v of_o a_o quite_o different_a species_n from_o all_o know_v before_o and_o may_v just_o challenge_v the_o name_n of_o oxyacanthus_fw-la baccis_fw-la albis_fw-la these_o burries_n it_o be_v true_a i_o see_v not_o myself_o not_o be_v there_o in_o time_n of_o year_n for_o they_o but_o be_v certify_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o by_o the_o common_a voice_n of_o the_o parish_n and_o particular_o by_o the_o worshipful_a tomas_n hoard_n esq_n who_o first_o tell_v i_o of_o it_o and_o the_o reverend_n mr._n philip_n archdeacon_n of_o salop_n and_o one_o of_o the_o three_o vicar_n there_o man_n of_o great_a ingenuity_n and_o undoubted_a veracity_n i_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o question_v the_o certainty_n of_o the_o thing_n 39_o and_o hither_o i_o think_v may_v be_v refer_v the_o glastenbury_n thorn_n in_o the_o park_n and_o garden_n of_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o lord_n norreys_n that_o constant_o bud_n and_o sometime_o blossom_n at_o or_o near_o christmas_n whether_o this_o be_v a_o plant_n original_o of_o oxford-shire_n or_o bring_v hither_o from_o beyond_o sea_n or_o a_o graft_n of_o the_o old_a stock_n of_o glastonbury_n be_v not_o easy_a to_o determine_v but_o thus_o much_o may_v be_v say_v in_o 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