for preserving that one body which is the Church Eph. 4. 4. 13. 16. II. As for Catholick or Vniversal Practice or Tradition which stands in the consent of all the Churches in all Nations and Ages since the Apostles as Sectaries wave it altogether as wholly contrary to their Novelty so Papists pretend it onely reducing it into the testimony of their present Church and cannot truly give Catholick Tradition for any point of their faith and worship wherein they differ from us But the Church of England in the midst between both denying onely the Romish Tradition which brings not down any part of their Faith or Worship through all Ages from the Apostles admits of the true Catholick Tradition or Practice and yields due Authority to it the force of it resting upon common sense and reason which is in every man and which he must forsake that denies the Witnes of such Tradition it being not possible that all the Christian Churches which began in and about the Apostolical Times and so succeeded through all Nations and Ages should be either deceived in what they unanimously witnessed or agree all of them to deceive those that followed them Whereas the testimony of the Romish Church being but part of the Catholick and possibly over-ruled with some prevailing Faction cannot convince upon any such common notion of humane reason but must first prove it selfe to be the onely Church and infallible And seeing it is forced to seek such proofe by witnesse of Scripture they plainly run in a Circle from the testimony of their Church to the receiving or proving of Scripture to be the Word of God and back again from the Witnesse of Scripture to prove their Church But Catholick or Vniversal Tradition brings down Scripture to the Conviction of Heathens or Jews that will but use their common sense and reason that discovery which Scripture makes of it selfe by light from the innate qualities and internal Arguments relucent in it comes after and appeares to them onely that having entertained it upon the former Witnes of Catholicke Tradition are versed in it So by this Witnes of Catholick Practice in observing the Lords day Easter day Episcopal Government throughout the Church from the Apostles time we are assured that such passages of Scripture as concern any of these doe shew the Beginnings of the said Practices and the Church of England as it received at first and ever since observed the fore-mentioned particulars so it commands in generall due respect and adhaesion to that sense of Scripture which comes down by such universall consent III. Whereas the condition of the Church according to severall respects admits the distinction of Visible and Invisible the Romanists beare themselves too much upon the one extreme and the Sectaries upon the Other the first will have such a visible flourishing condition of it as is inconsistent with that state which the Church of Christ has and may fall into and prejudiciall as by them pretended to all just Reformation and profession of Truth which more neerly concerns the life and soul of the Church and the more invisible perfection of the members thereof And therefore they please themselves with the outward garb and face of their Church and will have it tryed by the conspicuous Eminency of it as Tr. 1 c. 12. rather than by truth and purity of doctrine Sectaries on the other extreme bear themselves too much upon the Invisible condition of the Church which stands in those inward qualifications of true faith and sanctification requisite to make a true and lively member of Christs mystical Body so that in the pursuit thereof and in pretence of gathering Churches consisting of such members onely they dissipate the visible Church of Christ and dissolve the Government he has setled in it But every true English Protestant acknowledges the Church of Christ is a visible society of Believers or of Professors of the Christian Faith of whom some are effectually called true and lively members but that is invisible others not yet advanced beyond the externall calling or profession a society I say of such Professors under such a Regiment or Government left by Christ and his Apostles and left to this purpose to keep all in unity and to advance those that are admitted in the visible Church to the meanes of Salvation unto a reall and effectuall participation of Grace and Union with Christ as lively Members of his body Eph. c. 4. 11 12 13. 16. And therefore all Christians are bound to yeeld obedience to the lawfull Pastors and Governors of that Visible Church whereof they are Members All this we professe in that Article of our Creed touching the Church for albeit that invisible condition of true Faith and Sanctity be the highest concernment and qualification of a Member of Christs Church and the attaining to that condition be the hope and aime of every good Christian in the Visible Church and therefore the chiefest thing in the profession of that Article viz. a Communion of such true Believers Saints and Members of Christ yet because the administrations of the visible Church tend necessarily unto that end and he that cuts himself off from the communion of the visible Church bereaves himself necessarily of the means to be advanced to that invisible condition therefore he that professeth this Article sayes he believes Christ alwayes has his visible Church which may be found in which such Meanes and Administrations may be had and that he yields obedience to the Pastors and Governors set in it to that end and purpose IV. As the Romanists pretend to an infallible assistance of Gods Spirit bound to St. Peters Chair so have Sectaries their confidence of the speciall guidance of the same Spirit And if we set the vanity of the one against the other we may find as much semblance of Reason from those places of Scripture which Sectaries alledge for every true Believer so inspired and directed as from those places the Romanists alledge for the Papal Infallibility of which Tr. 1. c. 27. Both these pretences are the very bane of the Unity of the Church Romish Infallibility rendring that Church incorrigible and setting it beyond all bounds of accord with other Christians that desiring Reformation will not be satisfied or put off with that pretended priviledge and the pretence of Sectaries rendring Pastors and Teachers in the Church uselesse or at least weakning the obedience due to them puts it into the power of every one that will fancy himselfe a true Believer and guided by such assistance to be a Reformer and to break the Church in pieces In the Church of England no such pretence either of Infallibility in the Governours or of Private Judgment in any against their Governours but such Authority of Governours and Pastors lawfully constituted as is beyond Appeal save to a Generall Council sitting and competent to determine and define in all Causes and to stop the mouth of the gainsayer and bind
pretending only to private or selfe-reformation Such was the Schism of former Separatists whilest this Church stood free from violence They went their way and it remained where it was This incurrs the guilt aforesaid of high disobedience and breach of Charity but not in so high a degree as that which followes A Schism that not only divides from the Communion but also offers violence to the destruction of the Church pulls down what was not only persons and Governours to set themselves in their places but also the form and government it selfe to set up their own in stead of it This is higher and farther than ever any of the Ancient Schismatikes went which changed not the form of Government alwayes used in the Church and this will be considerable in the violence of our modern Schism But before we charge them according to the premises let us clear the Case as it stands between the Church of England and that of Rome charging us with Schisme upon the Reformation §. IV. Our Defence against the Church of Rome Our Defence in generall comes to this as it was touched Tr. 1. c. 4. 5 6. This Church had Cause for such Reformation and Authority for the doing it sufficient both For when such Errors prevail in a Church and come to such generall practice it is high time by due Reformation to cast them out and when they are in Authority be convinced and doe it then is the Reformation just and lawfull First there was sufficient Cause by reason of Error and corruption in belief and Worship such as we could not continue in without gross dissembling and wrong to our consciences and Gods honour The truth and evidence of this stands upon the examination of those doctrines touching Faith and Worship wherewith the English Church was generally tainted according to the Romish infection The tryall whereof was in part made Tr. 1. c. 30. to shew that the points wherein they and we differ cannot be as they would impose upon the world Catholick doctrines i. e. the beliefe and practice of the Church in all ages since the Apostles or as S. Jude ver. 3. calls it the faith once delivered But farther to the end that they which cannot examine all the Romish doctrines whether they be Catholick or professed in all Ages may briefly and more neer at hand see so far into that Church as to perceive it is not such a Church that they who have means to know better can safely or conscionably communicate with We will make a brief tryall or estimate of a Church by the Faith Worship Sacraments professed practiced administred therein for these the Romanists will not deny to belong immediately to the constitution of the Church and therefore fit to give us direction for holding or not holding Communion As for example If we finde any Church or Congregation of Men calling themselves Christians deny directly and peremptorily any Article of the Creed or Belief into which all Christians are baptized as professed Arrians and Socinians doe it is evident their Error is immediately against the foundation they doe not deserve the name of Christian Churches We doe not so charge the Church of Rome But albeit she holds the Foundation yet finde we her superstructures in no less matters than of Faith and Worship to be such as the Foundation will not safely bear nor any good Christian coming to the knowledge of them conscionably endure For when any Church propounds any thing as matter of Faith Worship without manifesting the truth thereof to mens consciences by clear consequence from those prime Fundamentals into which they are baptized or from Scripture it selfe it is intolerable For this Rule is just and reasonable Whatever the Church propounds so to be believed and practiced it stands bound so to manifest the same else it sets it selfe in Gods stead taking an immediate dominion over mens faith and consciences but in all other things which the Church propounds and enjoynes as matters of Order Ceremony discipline for the more significant profession of that Faith or the more decent performance of that Worship every Member of the Church is to obey or to bring as expresse warrant from Gods word against the particular he refuses to doe as the command is expresse which binds him to obey those that are over him in the Lord Were this Rule well held to there would have been more peace in the Church It was necessary for peaceable subjection Tr. 2. c. 1. will be useful below against those that causelesly divide from this Church And as to the present Case we did not quarrell at the Church of Rome for matters of Rite Order or the like but of Faith and Worship The superadded Articles being so farre from a manifestation by clear consequence as above said that they proved clearly inconsistent with the Word and the worship then in an unknown tongue against the Apostle plainly 1. Cor. 14. against the reason of a reasonable serving of God beside that Worship which was given to Images against the express words of the second commandment Lastly examine a Church by the Sacraments in it administred Those two which confessedly are of Christs appointment Where we finde the Cup denyed to the Cummunicants we see a direct breach of Institution a defrauding the People of God of that part of the Sacrament which affords and makes them partakers of Christs blood-shed also where we finde a daily propitiatory Sacrifice established we plainly see a depravation of the Sacrament and a derogation to the One oblation upon the Cross Thus to say nothing of Primitive Antiquity it is cleer to every one that sees any thing there is just Cause of Reformation where such Errors and Corruptions have prevailed and of ceasing to communicate at least as to those Errors and Practises with that Church which will not being admonished reform them so that if the Question be put to any man whether he will be of the English Church as it was corrupted together with the Romish or as it was after reformed it amounts to this Whether he would be a sick and diseased man or whole and healthfull Whether keep company with persons infected or with those that are cleare and sound The choice is easie to a man in his wits §. V. Iust and sufficient Authority for publick Reformation But to cast those Errors and Corruptions out of a Church by publick Reformation is required Sufficient Authority That also was not here wanting both the Civill and the Ecclesiasticall Both these were seen in the Ancient lawful Synods gathered and held for the same purpose of Reformation And therefore every Nationall Church having within it self the whole subordination of Ecclesiasticall Power or Government the Permission and Authority of the Supreme Civill Power concurring may reform it self i. e. make a publick nationall Reformation The Antient Council of Arles in France the severall Councils of Carthage in Africa of Toledo in Spaine did so and that not
onely in matters of Discipline but Doctrine also as that of Arles for rebaptizing them which came from Hereticks denying the Trinity can. 8. The Melivetan Council determined against the Pelagean Heresie The third Council of Toledo gathered for extinguishing the Reliques of that Heresie which had long infected the Gothick Nation and hindered the meeting and benefit of such Councils as King Riccared who called that nationall Synod complaines in his speech to the Bishops then assembled Againe these Councils were gathered and held and did conclude independently on Rome or without acknowledgement of any such Jurisdiction as was after challenged by the Bishop of Rome Faire respect indeed was had to that Bishop in a fraternall way of Communion and sometimes of communicating to him what they had done and concluded as that first Council of Arles Fratri Sylvestro and charitativè significamus In the third Council of Carthage Can. 47. for reading nothing in the Church but Canonicall Scripture it is added Hoc innotescat fratri con-sacerdoti Bonifacio I suppose they mean Boniface Bishop of Rome vel aliis earum partium Episcopis to the end this Canon might be received and practised in those parts But presently after in the fourth Council in which S. Augustine was when the Liberty of their Church seemed to be infringed through a kinde of Jurisdiction challenged by the same Boniface in the point of Appeals they utterly rejected his Plea which he made by the generall Council of Nice but could not prove it So he that looks into the severall Councils of Toledo will finde no signification of a dependance on Rome but great acknowledgement of the religious care of their severall Kings by whose permission they assembled The Church of England therefore being such a Nationall Church and having like power might lawfully reform it self without asking the Bishop of Rome any leave or without staying for a free generall Councill for albeit such a Councill was in agitation yet could not be expected either a generall one because of the Division of the East or Westerne Churches or a free one because of the Popes exorbitant power as Tr. 1. cap. 4. And as it might so it did justly reforme casting off in the first place that Papall usurpation which hindered all Reformation but desining nothing against the definitions of known and approved Generall Councils within the compasse of which time Cardinall Perroun thinks it reasonable the triall of a Church be restreined as Tr. 1. c. ult unlesse some will quarrel at something of Discipline not retained in our church according to the ancient constitutions which being a matter of prudentiall Provision admits variation according to the Exigence of the Times Also it is cleare that Nationall Synods have not held themselves alwayes bound to all things determined formerly in that kinde but have put the receptions of such Canons to the vote as we see in the beginning of the first of Toledo Statuta Concilii Niceni The Statutes of the Council of Nice about Ordinations before not used among them are voted there to be observed Also we finde they frequently make relaxation of former rigour as in the injunctions of penance Lastly it is evident there are many constitutions of this kinde not reteined or observed by the Church of Rome Such as concern the exercise of publique Penance such as forbid the translating of a Bishop from City to City and Ordinations without a Title things determined in generall Councils Of this as to the point of single life of Clergy men T. 2 c. 1. of the whole point of the warrantableness of our Reformation Tr. 2. c. 2. §. VI Answer to the Romish Plea Upon these Grounds it is easie to answer what they object or pretend against us which that it may have the better impression upon the unwary they represent the Church of England before Reformation wholly Romish professing their Doctrine ever since the receiving of the Faith in this Land under Gregory the first Bishop of Rome acknowledging that jurisdiction and accordingly yeilding Obedience to that See yea and owing it as Duty upon the conversion of this Land From these premises their Inference is and they think it will take with the unwary That the Church of England by her Reformation has cast off the Faith received and so fallen into Heresie and by denying subjection to that See has incurred the guilt of Schisme But as there is some truth apparent in the Premises so as much Falshood supposed and taken for granted which renders the Inferences inconsequent and invalid First it is a Truth that the Nationall Church of England before the Reformation was generally Romish both for Doctrine professed in it and for Obedience yielded to the Bishop of Rome but then the Inference they make therefore the Protestant Church of England is a New Church or Hereticall is invalid because it rests upon this untruth supposed and taken by them for granted viz. that the Romish Church was alwaies such teaching such Doctrine and that the profession of such Doctrine makes a Church to be Catholique and the denyall of it renders it Hereticall all which they must prove to make good that Inference where as it is evident that the Catholique Christian Faith once delivered Jude 5. Christ alwaies professed in all ages and into which they and we baptise makes a Christian Church and the holding that Faith undefiled and free from Errours and Corruptions in Belief and Worship makes a pure and Orthodox Church So did the ancient Church of Rome hold the Faith so does the reformed Church of England hold and professe it freed from the mixture of Errour which had crept into the later Romish Church to the infecting of the English so that this National Church is so farre from being Hereticall by ceasing to be Romish that it is therefore the more pure and Orthodox Upon the like supposals false and impertinent they give pretence plausible to the unwary for that demand Shew such a Protestant Church in England before the Reformation as if every Nationall Church did alwaies teach the same Doctrine without mixture of such Errour generally prevailing or as if it were reasonably required of us to shew the Church of England alwaies Protestant i.e. protesting against Errors whereas the Errours were not alwaies nor at first known or to shew a Reformed Church before the Reformation made For though Truth be alwaies before Errour yet Errour is before Reformation which protests against it and casts it out So the English Church as corrupted with Romish Errours must needs be so before it could be Protestant or Reformed but the Catholick Truths it alwaies held made it a Christian Church even under that mixture of Errours so when by Reformation it had cast them off it remained the same Christian Church but a more pure and sound one holding still the same Catholick Truths without that mixture of Errour like as the ancient Christian Church did before Popery
their or the like Principles may in time consider it and not think it enough to say the Lord be glorified because they prosper and are become rich but rather enquire whether that they have done be as to their private advantage and gain so to the behoofe of Gods Church and the advancement of true Religion and whether the Lord to whom they have so oft appealed by their Fasts and Thanksgivings can indeed own their doings as making for his glory certainly the Lord must deny himself which he will not do if he own Injustice Schisme and Sacriledge Hee forbeares a while and keepes silence for Causes best known to himself and men prospering by those sins think he is such a one as themselves approving their doings but he will reprove them and set before them what they have done He will appeare and they shall be ashamed If such considerations as these prevaile not with them that doe gain by the formentioned sins yet let the word of exhortation take hold upon you all you that have followed the Schism in the simplicity of your hearts not engaged by any design of gain or self-interest but only deceived with the pretence of Purity in Gods worship and of strictnesse of life Doe not make your selves guilty of other mens sins sins that cannot stand with Righteousnesse or that Charity which the Apostle requires so strictly 1 Cor. 13. without which all your other supposed Purity Faith or Knowledge is nothing will stand you in no stead Consider sadly how those you follow have led you from the Unity of this your Nationall Church and thereby from the profession of Catholick Primitive Truth from Obedienee to your lawfull Governors and Guides who bore the same Office taught the same Doctrine held the same way of publick Worship as did those martyrd Bishops in Primitive Times as did also those other in Queene Marie's dayes How I say they have led you from this Catholique Communion into a way of which whether Classicall or Congregationall we see the late and irregular beginning it being but the product of some tumultuary Reformations made in France Geneva Holland or Scotland and by those that would be contentious here imitated and violently attempted to the disturbance of this Church not without the down-right guilt of Schism and Sacriledge Consider it sadly and do as those Confessors did who being led away by the Novation Schismaticks under like pretence of purity and strictness as soon as they perceived their error confessed it and returned to the Unity of the Catholick Church as St. Cyprian often relates and propounds it as an example and motive for Unity Do you so and then may you obteine what you pretend was your aim and desire Purity and righteousnesse indeed which you cannot in the way of Schisme by reason it holds not a perfect Rule of Righteousness but such as is strict in denying small things and flying appearances of Evill but large in admitting great Offences teaching to straine at Gnats and swallow Camells to scruple at a Rite and Ceremony but makes no bones of Disobedience Schisme Sacriledge and so necessarily leaves your Consciences while ye are in that Communion defiled with your partaking in such sinnes But return into the Unity of this Church and shew your Communion with it in the publique worship of God Liturgy and Sacrament then may you perfect Holinsse in the feare of God and with good Conscience peforme all the parts of Purity and Righteousnesse And do it in Gods name according to all the Duties he requires of you and according to all the opportnuities he puts into your hands So will your Purity and Righteousnesse exceed that of the Pharisees and as many as walk after this Rule Peace be on them and Mercy and on the Israel of God Amen The End It holds the truth between Romanists and Sectaries In Catholick Practice and Tradition In the visible and invisible condition of the Church The Article touching the Church In the Papal Infallibility and private judgment In the due subordination of Pastors and Governors National-Church Reformation Publick or Private Actual Non-communion Schisme Difference of it in regard of the parties between which Difference in degrees of it Iust cause for Reformation Trial of a Church as to a safe communion with it A necessary Rule Such authority in the nationall Ch of Engl. VVhat makes a Church Christian Orthodox Protestant and reformed we have not cast off the Faith received Bishop of Rome his pretence to universall jurisdiction Impossible to make it good His special pretence to jurisdiction over this Chur Conclusion of the whole case as it stands with the Roman Church Difference 'twixt just and distempered Reformations 1. Church Government 2. Church Authority in making Decrees Orders 3. Force of Church-Custome 4. Vnion of charity 5. Admonition and rejection of Hereticks and Schismaticks Application of the Premises VVant of Purity Ancient Schismaticks had like pretence of purity VVhat is meant by a Bishop Force of universall practise or Catholick Tradition Presbytery Elders and Bishops Of the first Elders set in the Church by the Apostles No example or precept in Scripture for the Adversaries pretension The alteration of Church-government from Presbyterian to Episcopall not imaginable Of other reformed Churches which have not Bishops Our Liturgy how agreeing with the Mass-book Lawfulnesse of set Formes Expediency of set Forms in publick Expediency of Set Formes in publique Spirituall gifts to be used but with submission to the Chur Lords Prayer undervalued neglected Not burthensome or superstitious Vse of Ceremonies significant Standing up at Creed Ring in Marriage Cross in Baptisme Kneeling at the Sacrament Bowing at the name Circumstantialls of VVorship Objective terminations of VVorship and Circumstantiall Instances Confusion the Issue of Error having passed due bounds Confusion levelling upon levelling Self-Condemnation of the Pharisees How it concernes these days Gods Iudgements on Schism and Sacriledge VVhy God suffers Error so much to prevaile against Truth Confusion of boundless Error Punished often with its owne pretences Exhort to all that truly desire Purity which cannot be had truly in the state of Schisme