Selected quad for the lemma: truth_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
truth_n	according_a	call_v	word_n	1,705	5	3.8890	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A25723	The history of Appian of Alexandria in two parts : the first consisting of the Punick, Syrian, Parthian, Mithridatick, Illyrian, Spanish, & Hannibalick wars, the second containing five books of the civil wars of Rome / made English by J.D.; Historia Romana. English	Appianus, of Alexandria.; Davies, John, 1625-1693.; Dryden, John, 1631-1700.	1679 (1679)	Wing A3579; ESTC R13368	661,822	549

death and others through despair hastening it for the expectation is but an addition of pain and now they were all out of hopes of any safety when on a sudden towards break of day the wind began to duller and about Sun-rising there was little or none yet the Sea still continued in a rage The Inhabitants of the Country remembred not to have even seen so furious a Tempest Thus the greatest part of Caesar's Ships and Men perished and he besides the loss sustained in the first Sea-Fight having received these two afflictions one in the neck of the other retreated the same night with all haste to Vibone by the Mountain Way not enduring longer to look on that misfortune to which he could apply no remedy From thence he wrote to all his Friends and all his Commanders to repair speedily to him for fear lest as it ordinarily befalls the unfortunate some new design should be laid against him he likewise sent all the Land Forces he had with him along the Coasts of Italy for fear lest Pompey puffed up with this success should make some attempt but he thought nothing of it no nor so much as when the Sea was still of falling upon the remainder of the Shipwrack neither while they lay there nor when they were upon departure On the contrary he suffered them to gather together whatever they could save of Ships or Rigging and make a safe retreat before the wind to Vibone whether he thought he had beat them sufficiently or that he knew not how to make use of his advantage or else as we have said el●ewhere was cow-hearted upon an Assault and content only to defend himself Caesar had not above half his Ships left and those but in ill condition yet leaving Forces to guard them he went much troubled in mind into Campania for he had no more Ships nor time to build any though he stood in great need of them the Famine growing sharp and the people crying out incessantly for peace and detesting this War as undertaken contrary to a solemn League besides he wanted Money which was scarce at Rome The Citizens would pay nothing nor permit any to be raised on them At length being very politick in the conduct of his own Affairs he dispatched Maecenas to Anthony well instructed to clear all new differences might have happened between them and to draw him to be his Associate in the War which if it succeeded not he resolved to transport his Legions into Sicily upon Ships of Burthen and there fight Pompey by Land without any more hazarding a Sea-fight Whilst he was perplexing himself with these cares news was brought him that Anthony had passed his word to serve him that Agrippa his Lieutenant in Gaul had gained a great Victory against the Aquitains and that his Friends and some Cities promised him Ships which were already building whereupon taking heart he began to make greater preparations than before About the beginning of the Spring Anthony set Sail from Athens and arrived at Tarentum with three hundred Sail to assist Caesar according to his promise but Caesar having now changed his mind would now stay till the Ships building for him were in a readiness And when he was urged to employ Anthony's Fleet which was sufficient to put an end to this War he excused himself that he was engaged in other Affairs which made it apparent he either had some new cause of quarrel with Anthony or else scorn'd his assistance contenting himself with his own Forces Though Anthony was offended at this proceeding yet he staid still in the same place and sent to him once more for whereas his Fleet lay at a great charge and he stood in more need of Italian Soldiers for the Parthian War he had thoughts of changing his Fleet for Legions Though by the League each had power of raising Men in Italy but because it was fallen to the others division he imagined it would be more difficult for him Wherefore Octavia her self came to Caesar to be as it were Arbitress between them He told her that being deserted by Anthony he had been in danger of losing his life in the Sicilian Strait She answered that had been already discoursed and declared to Maecenas He then objected that Anthony had sent Callias his Freed Man to Lepidus to make a League together against him To which she answered that to her knowledge Callias was sent to Lepidus to treat a Match for Anthony being about to go to the Parthian War would before his departure have his Daughter married to Lepidus's Son according to his promise Octavia affirming this and Anthony sending Callias to Caesar to torment him if he pleased and know the truth from his own mouth he would not receive him but sent word he would meet Anthony between Metapontum and Tarentum and discourse with him himself Through the place appointed runs a River called likewise Metapontum and they both by chance arriving at the same time Anthony lighting out of his Chariot leaps alone into a little Skiff he found there to go meet Caesar confiding in him as his Friend Caesar emulating that Generosity did the same so meeting in the middle of the River they disputed a long time who should go to the other side at length Caesar prevailed having resolved to go to Tarentum to see Octavia he therefore mounts with Anthony in his Chariot lights at his Lodgings and without any Guards lies there all night Anthony on the morrow repays him with the same confidence so sudden were their changes ambition of Empire raising reciprocal Jealousies and the necessity of their Affairs obliging them to confide in each other Caesar then put off the War against Pompey to the next year but Anthony not thinking fit longer to delay the War against the Parthians they made an exchange Anthony gave Caesar sixscore Ships which he forthwith delivered him and Caesar promised to send him twenty thousand Legionary Soldiers Octavia likewise gratified her Brother with ten Galliots a sort of Vessel between a Galley and a Ship of Burthen which she begged of Anthony and he in return gave a thousand chosen Men for Guards which Anthony himself picked out And because the time of the Triumvirate was near expired they prolonged it for five other years without staying for the suffrage of the People so they parted Anthony making with all diligence towards Syria leaving Octavia and a little Daughter they had with her Brother In the mean time whether that Menodorus were naturally perfidious or that he was fearful of Anthony who had threatened him with Shakles as his Fugitive Slave or were not rewarded to his expectation or else moved with reproaches of his infidelity which Pompey's other Freed Men after the death of Menecrates continually loaded him with exhorting him to return to his duty he demanded safe conduct which being granted him he returned into Pompey's service with seven Vessels whilst Calvisius Caesar's Admiral perceived nothing of it wherefore Caesar

more to act and of which never yet was heard an Example The Greeks made many Wars upon the Barbarians and you your selves have bore Arms against many other Nations yet neither of you ever raz'd a City that yielded without fight that had delivered up all they held most dear their Children and their Arms and are moreover ready to submit to whatever other punishment should be imposed We therefore implore you by those gods witnesses to our treaties by the fortune of mankind by those inward stings they who are in prosperity ought to feel and fear not to brand your success with so shameful a tyranny nor extend our miseries to the utmost extremities Or if for your parts you are resolved yet give us leave to send once more to Rome to present our request to the Senate 'T is but a short time we ask you yet during which our torment and trouble will increase through the incertainty of the event You are in ample power to do with us what you please either at present or afterwards but pray remember to act nothing contrary to Piety and Mercy To all this Censorinus replyed There needs no farther repetition of the Orders of the Senate they have ordained and it must be done did we treat you like Enemies we should only command and then force you to it but because the interest of our Commonwealth and possible the advantage of your own requires it I am content to make you apprehend the reasons and to perswade rather than constrain you As often as the sight of the Sea puts you in remembrance of your ancient Dominion and past Greatness it provokes your Arms and begets you a thousand calamities 'T was this Sea gave the first occasion of your Assaults on Sicily which since you have lost 'T was this Sea which made you invade Spain out of which you were soon after chased 'T was this Sea gave you the opportunity of robbing our Merchants contrary to your faith given in our Leagues and then to throw them over-board the better to conceal your crimes till being surprised in it you quitted Sardinia for reparation of that injury Thus you lost Sardinia by means of that Sea which by its nature inclines all the world to covetousness by reason of the yast profit it brings in in a little time By it formerly the Athenians skilful in Maritime Affairs grew suddenly and mightily great and by it were not long after as suddenly ruined for the Sea is a kind of Merchandise by which riches flow in full springs and suddenly ebbs as fast You know well that those people I am speaking of having extended their Dominion over all the Ionian Sea and even unto Sicily set no bounds to their avarice till they had lost all till they were forced to surrender their Havens and their Ships into their Enemies hands to receive a Garrison into their City and demolish with their own hands their lofty Walls so that they became almost a Plain which for a long time proved the means of their preservation And surely Gentlemen of Carthage there is more stability in a Country Life and more assurance in Labour and Tillage and though the profits are not so great as those reaped by the Sea yet are they much more certain and to tell you my thoughts I am clearly of opinion that a Maritime City is rather a Ship than firm Land so much is it tossed with variety of affairs and subject to infinite Revolutions whilst the Inland yields Fruits may be gathered without danger for this reason was it that anciently Kings chose their Seats within Land and that was it raised the Medes Persians Assyrians and many others to such a height of power but to what purpose give I you the examples of Kings let us speak of what concerns you Cast your eyes throughout all Lybia and chuse your selves a place where you may have Neighbours that you like but whence you may no more see this object that at present tempts you Thus you will rase out of your minds the memory of past miseries and indeed how can you look upon the Sea where now you have no Shipping without being tormented with the remembrance of those mighty Fleets which daily returned to your Ports loaden with booty or with the thoughts of the former Magnificence of your Ports your Arsenals and your Havens And when within your City you behold the Lodgings of the Soldiers unfurnished your Stables without Horses and your Stalls without Elephants what can all this move you to but grief and desire to recover if it were possible the same power 'T is ordinary among men that the memory of past felicity creates a hope of its return and on the contrary there is no better remedy against calamity than oblivion which can never be attained to but by distancing our selves from objects may keep it fresh in our minds An evident proof of this you may have in your selves who after having sundry times obtained pardon for your faults could never keep to constant Peace nor continue long without violation of your Treaties Wherefore if you have still thoughts of Dominion and that preserving your animosities against us you wait only a favourable opportunity to shake off the yoke you do well in endeavouring still to maintain your City your Ports your Honours and those lofty Walls which seem only built for War and we on our side should commit a great crime to pardon people that will not pardon us even then when fortune has submitted them to our power But if in truth and not in word only you yield the Dominion to us and that contenting your selves with what you possess in Lybia you will make a sincere peace with us deal faithfully and prove it by the effects retire your selves into Africa and willingly yield up to us that Empire of the Sea which by right of War belongs to us In vain to move us to compassion do you deplore your Temples your Gods your publick Places and your Sepulchres for we will not touch your Sepulchres and you shall have liberty when you please to come and sacrifice but all the rest must be demolished for you sacrifice not to Havens nor pay Funeral Honours to Walls for your Hearths your Altars and publick Places you may build them elsewhere and soon establish your selves a Residence in the same manner as when you left Tyre you came into Africa and gained this Seat which now you call the Seat of your Ancestors To tell you all in a word you may easily conceive what we now do is not out of malice but for our own security and to maintain publick concord if you remember that Alba which was no Enemy City inhabited not by Foes but Friends that loved us was transferred into our City for the publick good which succeded to both peoples satisfaction But we have say you multitudes of miserable people who gain their living by the Sea this hath likewise been thought on so far that it

told him he would take the way of Mesopotamia where he had left a great quantity of Valiant Men of the Roman name After this conference the Armenian returned into his Kingdom As for Crassus as he caused his Army to pass over a Bridge great Claps of Thunder began to make a dreadful noise and continual flashes of lightning darted in the Soldiers eyes besides all on the sudden an impetuous storm raged against the Bridge and carried away a part of it It happened likewise that the lightning fell twice in the place whereon they were to encamp and one of the Consuls Horses in his most stately Trappings carried the Esquire that rode him into the River notwithstanding all endeavors to stop him nor were either Horse or Man ever seen afterwards They say likewise that the Eagle that was first taken up by the Standard-bearer of it self sell backward and that when the Army having past the River sat down to eat they by chance gave the Soldiers nothing but Lentils and Broath which is counted doleful meat because only served at Funerals Afterwards as Crassus made an Oration to his Army there escaped from him a word which struck a strange terror into the minds of the Soldiers For he told them he had caused the Bridge over the River to be broke down that not one of them might return and though that absurdity might have been repaired by explaining the words and that the Consul ought to have interpreted it that he might not leave upon their Spirits an Impression of ill Presage yet he would not do it out of Stubbornness After this having mustered his Army he offered a Sacrifice and as the Priest put the Entrails of the beast into his hands he let them fall at which the assistants being scandalized he laughing said These are the inconveniences of old age but our Armswill never fall out of our hands He then found that the Army which passed the River consisted of seven Legions about four thousand Horse and as many light Armed Foot Sometime after the Scouts brought in word that the whole Region was desert and that they had only discovered the track of a great Number of Horses which seemed to fly before them upon which intelligence Crassus conceived some good hopes and the Soldiers began to despise the Parthians believing they would never stand to fight them However Crassus and some of the Consuls Friends advised him to retire into some one of those places he held in that Country till such time as he had received more certain advice of the Enemy or at least that he would march them towards Seleucia along the Banks of the River for so greater plenty of provisions might be brought him by water and in case the Enemy came to assail him the River might serve as a Rampire so that they could not encompass him about and by that means he might fight them with equal Forces As Crassus was consulting about the importance of this Counsel there arrived in the Camp an Arabian Gentleman called Agbarus cunning but treacherous whom Fortune made use of as the Principal Instrument for destruction of the Army some who had born Arms under Pompey knew him and remembring that Great General had obliged him thought he might have an affection for the Romans But indeed he was sent to Crassus by those who Commanded the Kings Army to draw him if possible from the River and Foot of the Mountains and make him take into the Plain where the Horse had more advantage For they were resolved on nothing less then to come to a pitcht battel with the Romans in that place Agbarus therefore coming to salute Crassus and being well spoken began his discourse with the praises of Pompey and the kindnesses he had received from him then he sell to discourse of the mighty power of Crassus setting forth that he wrong'd himself in spending time in consultation when he was but more than too strong for there was not any need of Arms but only of nimble Feet and Hands to deal with a People who had a long time been prepared to pack up their Mony and Choicest Riches and fly into Scythia or Hyrcania But if you will fight said he you must make hast lest the King resuming Courage Rally up likewise his Forces for at present you have only to deal with Surena who is the Rear-guard of those Forces that make their Retreat for as for the King they know not where he is Now all this was false for Orodes had upon the first of the War divided his Forces into two Armies with one of which he had invaded Armenia where he made strange Havock to Revenge himself of Artabasus and had given the other in charge to Surena to oppose the Romans Not out of scorn as some say for there is no likelyhood that he should disdain to deal with Crassus a Roman Consul or that he could think it more Honorable to wage War with Artabasus or Plunder the Villages of Armenia but for my part I am of the opinion he retired thither for fear of the danger or as into an Ambuscado to expect the success of the War For Surena was no Common Man being both for Riches Birth and Quality the second to the King and for Valor and Vigor of Body the Chief among all the Parthians besides he was large of Stature and of as Noble an Aspect as any Man living could be He had continually in his train a thousand Camels for burthen two hundred Coaches for his Women and for his Guard a thousand Men at Arms besides a greater Number of Light Horse so that the Ordinary Train of his Houshold was ten thousand Horse reckoning his Vassals and Slaves and by an Ancient Hereditary Right of his Family he had the Honor first to set the Crown on the head of the new King of the Parthians He had brought back this same Orodes from Exile and restored him to the Throne he had by Storm taken the Great Seleucia being the first that mounted on the walls from whence himself drove the Guards that defended them and though he were not now above thirty years of age he was esteemed one of the most Politick Men of the time he lived in which he shewed by entrapping Crassus who yet in truth was easie to be deceived first by reason of his pride and daring and at last because of his fear and the distress to which he saw himself reduced Agbarus therefore having by fair words perswaded him to leave the River caused him to take his march through the midst of vast plains naked of trees untill'd and of which they saw no end so that the Soldiers grew faint-hearted not only for thirst and the tediousness of the way but because they found no refreshment in their travel they saw neither River nor Mountain nor any green thing but as if they had been in the wide Sea they beheld nothing on all sides but an affrightful solitude All this already gave

loosing all if he went to the succour of his Son yet he loved him and therefore was in doubt whether he should go to his relief or endeavour to save the rest At last he caused the Army to March towards the Enemy who presently appeared to meet them witnessing by their loud and terrible shouts that they had gained the Victory and letting the Romans know by the confused noise of their Drums that they must again prepare to fight Thus they made their approach bearing the Head of Publius upon the end of a Lance and asking by way of derision who were the Parents of that young Man and of what Family he was for they could not believe that Crassus the basest of all men could beget a Son so Brave and Valiant This sight cast down the spirits of the Romans more than all the Calamities they had suffered and instead of stirring up in them that indignation and desire of revenge which it ought overwhelmed them with horror and fear However Crassus Valour appeared upon this occasion extraordinarily he cryed out as he marched on Horse back through the Ranks The Oration of Crassus THis Misfortune concerns me only fellow Soldiers the glory and felicity of our Country remains yet intire whilst you are in a condition to defend it And if you have any compassion upon me for having lost a Son of that Value discharge your anger on your Enemies and deprive them of their joy by punishing their cruelty Loose not your Courage for the misfortune happened to me whoever pretends to great recompences is subject to like disgraces Lucullus did not Vanquish Tigranes nor Scipio Antiochus without the expence of blood Our Fathers lost a thousand Ships in the Conquest of Sicily and in Italy it self many Generals and Captains have perished whose loss hath not hindred their party from gaining the Victory for the Roman Empire is not mounted to this Greatness and Power by the good Fortune of the Romans but by their Patience and height of Courage in Adversity After these words Crassus perceiving that most of the Soldiers received them but coldly commanded to give a great shout all together which made but their inward grief the more known for they shouted with weak and discordant Voices whilst the Barbarians answered them in a Tone high and Harmonious The Fight presently began wherein the Enemies light Horse wheeling about the Romans galled them in Flank with showrs of Arrows whilst the Lanciers who assailed them in Front made them recoyl and croud close together However some out of fear of the Arrows drew off from the gross to charge nearer at hand but they did their Enemies little●hurt and were presently killed by their Lances whose Iron head entring the Body was followed by a thick Staff thrust forward with so great violence that often times it went through and through both Horse and Man After the Battel had thus lasted till night the Parthians retreated saying That they gave that night to Crassus to bewail his Son unless he made choice of the better way and had rather go and present himself to Arsaces than be carried And having said these words they went and lodged in a place hard by with full hopes the next Morning to put an absolute end the Victory The Romans on the contrary had but an ill night of it they had no thoughts either of burying their dead or dressing their wounded of which some lay dying every one bewailed his own self for there was no hopes of safety whether they staid in that place till day or whether whilst it was dark they set forward cross those vast Plains for the wounded if they carried them would hinder their flight and if they forsook them the cryes of those miserable Creatures would give notice to the Enemy of their departure And though they imputed all their misfortune to Crassus they wished notwithstanding they might either see or hear him but he had withdrawn himself and with his head bound up had cast himself on the ground in the dark Whereby he became a great Example of the inconstancy of Fortune to the Vulgar and of rashness and ambition to the Learned having suffered himself to be so far transported by those two failings that he could not content himself to be one of the Prime among so many thousands of Citizens but believed himself miserable because he was accounted but the third Man in Rome Octavius his Lieutenant and Cassius his Quaestor having found him in this posture roused him up and entreated him to take courage but seeing he was in utter despair by advice of the Tribunes and Centurions they themselves published the Deaf March and began to discamp without noise but when the sick and wounded perceived that they were about to forsake them with their cryes and roarings they spread a general trouble throughout the Army even those who were already got into the Plain took the Alarm as if the Enemy had been ready to fall on wherefore they made many halts putting themselves in order to fight and perplexed with the great numbers of the wounded that followed them of which they took up some and left others they made but little way save only three hundred Horse that fled away by themselves with whom Ignatius arrived about Midnight at Carres where having called in Latin to those were upon the Guards of the Walls he bid them go and tell Coponius the Governour of the place that there had been a great Fight between Crassus and the Parthians and without explaining himself farther or so much as telling his name advanced towards the Bridge the truth is he saved those Horse but he was blamed by all the World for forsaking his General not but that Crassus had some benefit by Coponius having this advice for the Governour conjecturing by the ambiguity of his words and by the suddenness of his departure that the Messenger brought no good news immediately drew to Arms what Force he had and when he had advice that the General was upon the way went out to meet him and gathering up as many of the Soldiers as he could conducted them to the City As for the Parthians though they knew well that the Romans were dislodged yet they would not pursue them by night but as soon as it was day they run to their Camp and cut the throats of all those they had left which amounted to no less than four thousand and then pursued the rest of whom they took great numbers whom they found dispersed in the plain besides four Cohorts under the conduct of the Lieutenant Vargonteius who having stragled in the March by night fell into their hands enclosed in a strait where having valiantly defended themselves they were all cut in pieces except only twenty Soldiers who with their Swords in their hands opened themselves a passage through the midst of their Enemies and whose courage the Enemies themselves admiring suffered them to pass at an easie rate to Carres without pursuing