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A01450 The cognizance of a true Christian or the outward markes whereby he may be the better knowne: consisting especially in these two duties: fasting and giuing of almes: verie needfull for these difficult times. Diuided into two seuerall treatises. Published by Samuel Gardiner, Batcheler of Diuinitie Gardiner, Samuel, b. 1563 or 4. 1597 (1597) STC 11573; ESTC S102818 96,047 234

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prayer VVhen there is warre in the Gates then is it a verie fit time to fast So did Iehosaphat when hee was to wage warre agaynst his enemies the Moabites Ammonites and Syrians 2. Chron. 20 Vppon the like occasion and Ioel commaund the people of his time Ioel 2 to sanctisie a fast For the Assyrians vnder their Captaine Sennacarib warred agaynst them and threatned not onelie the ouerthrowe of their kingdome but the ruine of the Temple and the spoyle of Religion So the Israelites did fast Iuds 20 when they did fight vnhappilie agavnst the Gibbionites and had euill successe So did the labytes 2. Sam 31 and Gilyadites when as Saule and his sonnes and his Armour-bearer were slaine in Gilboa and the whole hoast of Israel was discomfited by the Philistines So did the Inhabitaunts of the great Cittie of Niueue Ionas 3 when the Prophet denounced from Gods owne mouth the subuersion and vtter destruction of that Cittie within fortie dayes immediately to insue and come vpon them So did that deuout and godly Queene Hester and her retinue Hest 4 22 and her good Vncle Mardocheus and his seruants when they with the people and whole nation of the Iewes were in no small daunger by reason of the blood-thirstie designment and platforme of Hammon their extreame enemie Liberius who liued in the time of Constantine when as either the seasons were vnnaturall or any famin pestilence or war did oppresse the land adiudged it most necessarie that a fast should bee proclaimed August wherby the anger of God might be asswaged Augustine when hee saw that his citie was assaulted and besieged by the enemies the Vandales he humbled himselfe with fasting and prayer in which siege hee died as Possidonius doth recorde So at all times when we are to performe any serious matter or woulde preuent an imminent iudgement or otherwise would intreat a deliuerance from a plague which is alreadie come vpon vs we are to fast Fasting is a thing that is in our freedom for by the outward law he cannot be condemned that refuseth to fast But when as our fasting may promote Gods glory it is not then free we ought necessarily to fast we prescribe no time for it because it is not prescribed by the Scriptures August ad Caff praesbyt Epist 68 For well faith S. Augustine Ego in euangelicis Apostolicis literis torog instrumento quod appellatur test amentum nouum ansmo id reuoluens video praeceptūesse set iunissm quibus autem dieb us non oporteat ieiunare quibus oporteat praecepto Domini Apostelorum non inuenio definitum I finde both in the Apostolicall and Euangegelicall wrightings and in the whole instrument which is called the New Testament considering it well in my mind that fasting is commanded but vpon what daies we ought or ought not to fast I finde it not determined In the time of warre famine or pestilence or in any affliction the Scriprures as before haue beene aboundantly proued doo will vs to fast Her maiestie therefore both in zeale towards God and loue towardes her subiects hath to verie good purpose commanded although not an absolute fast which is an abstinēce from all nourishment which some for age and weakenesse of nature are not able to beare yet a moderate diet commanding an abatement of our superfluitie for the better releeuing of those which are in wants which we cannot without wilfull and most vnnaturall disobedience refuse to performe Dicinonpotest quot vnum intermissum hodie prandium nostrum saginare potest It cannot be set downe saith Augustine how many poore people may be releeued by the forbearing of one meale Aug. which thing how easie is it for vs to do and if wee shall doo it both God therby shall be serued our good Queene obeyed her deere subiects and our fellowe members in Christ Iesus succoured our wealth nothing thereby impaired and our bodily health not a little furthered wherefore if there be in vs any comfort of the spirit any consolation in Christ Iesus any fellowship any mutuall loue or tender compassion one towards another fulfill this order and obey this precept that peace may still bee in our walles and plenteousnesse within our pallaces CHAP. X. That the Prince or Bishop or ciuill magistrate vnder the Prince and no priuate person is to preseribe a certaine time for anie publique or generall fast and that the Prince next vnder God is cheefe head of the Church AS a publike fast is only to be commanmanded for publike causes so none but publike persons may enjoyne the same The frantike Anabaptist arrogantly in this thing as in diuers other Church matters intrudeth himselfe into the magistrates office and at his pleasure when the toy is in his head assembleth his factious consorts and companions and proclaimeth a fast The lewd Papist who excludeth the Prince from all Church gouernment and ordaineth the Pope to bee the head of the church would not haue the Prince to meddle with this office and prescribe this dutie Thus as Iannes and Iambres resisted Moset so these two scismaticall and hereticall sects doo resist their Prince But the light of Gods word will scatter their darknesse the truth of the Scriptures will discouer theyr falshood they will fall downe both like Dagon before the Arke of God and the pregnant instances of the worde of God shall swallow vppe these fansies of these charming spirits as Moses and Aarons roddes deuoured the roddes of the Egyptian Sorcerers If wee looke into the Scriptures and into the publike fasting of all times that are there remembred it will soone appeare that either the Prince Bishoppe or Magistrate had the appointment of this godly dutie When as the Philistines greeuously afflicted and spoyled the Israelites 2. Sam. 7.4 the whole people generally were assembled and conuented to Mizpah where they both wept and fasted for this miserable calamitie But it was by the counsell and designement of Samuel their Bishop and their Magistrate A gaine when their was warre betweene these two people 1 Sam. 14 it was Saul their King that gaue commaundement to the hoast that they should fast vntill the euening When the Philistines had slaine Saul in mount Gilboa and put to flight the armies of the Israelites 1 Sam 1 12 Dauid who raigned in Sauls steede 2 Par. 20 moued the people vnto a generall fast King Iehosophat likewise in a trouble some time Hester 4.16 Gaue order for a fast So did Queene Hester whē as her leige people by the trecherie of Hamon 2 King 25 8 did stand in ieopardy When a fast was proclaimed for Naboaths destruction it was decreed and commanded by the authoritie of Iezabell Ioel 1 16 When the trumpet was blowne vpin Sion and a conuocation of the people had and a fast denounced it was by the aduisement of the Prophet Ioel. Esdras who was learned in the law of the God of