a_o view_n of_o the_o difference_n between_o france_n and_o spain_n in_o which_o be_v show_v the_o present_a posture_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o europe_n english_v by_o a_o person_n of_o honour_n london_n print_v for_o h._n herringman_n and_o sell_v by_o jos_n knight_n and_o far._n saunders_n at_o the_o blue_a anchor_n in_o the_o lower-walk_a of_o the_o new-exchange_n 1684._o a_o character_n of_o this_o worke._n this_o be_v the_o map_n of_o the_o present_a interess_n of_o prince_n the_o quintessence_n of_o the_o history_n of_o five_o or_o six_o age_n and_o of_o as_o many_o kingdom_n the_o state-resolve_a of_o a_o deep_a and_o consummate_a politician_n perfect_v by_o the_o peruse_n of_o many_o volume_n of_o history_n and_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o many_o year_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o believe_v that_o these_o be_v private_a note_n of_o some_o great_a statesman_n gather_v for_o readiness_n in_o his_o public_a employment_n and_o that_o they_o be_v publish_v without_o his_o name_n make_v i_o suspect_v that_o they_o come_v out_o without_o his_o leave_n howsoever_o this_o be_v a_o treasure_n for_o all_o that_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o world_n and_o penetrate_v into_o the_o infide_v of_o business_n a_o help_n of_o memory_n for_o they_o that_o have_v read_v many_o history_n and_o a_o ease_n of_o labour_n for_o such_o as_o want_v leisure_n to_o read_v they_o the_o true_a case_n of_o the_o business_n which_o be_v at_o this_o time_n between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n preface_n the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o important_a of_o christendom_n and_o such_o as_o draw_v to_o their_o motion_n all_o the_o other_o crown_n between_o these_o two_o house_n there_o have_v be_v many_o war_n alteration_n treaty_n truce_n and_o peace_n since_o the_o rise_n of_o that_o of_o austria_n of_o which_o we_o may_v assign_v the_o beginning_n at_o the_o marriage_n of_o maximilian_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n 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catalonia_n portugal_n navarra_n naples_n milan_n etc._n etc._n also_o what_o claim_v the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v to_o burgundy_n britain_n provence_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v those_o disputable_a right_n which_o have_v beget_v so_o many_o division_n and_o war_n between_o the_o prince_n and_o a_o unreconcilable_a hatred_n between_o the_o nation_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n the_o business_n shall_v be_v present_v which_o pass_v between_o the_o two_o kingdom_n from_o the_o treaty_n of_o arras_n in_o the_o year_n 1435._o to_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n in_o 1598._o war_n battle_n treaty_n truce_n and_o peace_n the_o five_o shall_v relate_v all_o that_o past_a from_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n till_o now_o chap._n i._n the_o prince_n that_o govern_v europe_n paragraphe_n i._n europe_n the_o least_o of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o world_n know_v to_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n and_o the_o most_o northerly_a but_o the_o most_o populous_a and_o that_o within_o which_o almost_o all_o christendom_n be_v comprehend_v have_v on_o the_o south_n the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o begin_v at_o the_o cap_n st._n vincent_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o portugal_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o algarba_n near_o the_o straight_a of_o gibraltar_n where_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n begin_v which_o take_v several_a name_n as_o it_o touch_v upon_o several_a province_n as_o spain_n france_n italy_n sicily_n greece_n the_o isle_n of_o candie_n be_v the_o utmost_a of_o europe_n that_o way_n and_o it_o be_v divide_v from_o africa_n by_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n eastward_o ascend_v to_o the_o north_n europe_n be_v bound_v again_o by_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o aegean_a sea_n call_v now_o archipelago_n hellospont_n now_o burdanelles_n or_o the_o straight_a of_o gallipoli_n propontis_n now_o mar_n de_fw-fr marmora_fw-la bosphorus_n thracius_n now_o the_o straight_a of_o constantinople_n pontus_n euxinus_n now_o the_o black_a sea_n or_o mar_n major_a high_a it_o be_v bound_v by_o meotides_n paludes_n and_o the_o river_n tanais_n now_o don_n remount_v to_o its_o spring_n and_o thenceforward_o a_o line_n be_v imagine_v draw_v to_o the_o north_n butt_v either_o at_o the_o golph_n of_o st._n nicholas_n or_o some_o such_o other_o place_n thereabouts_o in_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o moscovia_n country_n for_o that_o northern_a tract_n unknown_a to_o ancient_a geographer_n be_v yet_o so_o little_o know_v that_o the_o limit_n of_o europe_n that_o way_n can_v never_o be_v well_o assign_v on_o all_o the_o east-side_n europe_n neighbour_v upon_o the_o great_a asia_n and_o be_v occidental_a to_o it_o on_o the_o north-side_n ancient_a geograhper_n have_v set_v no_o limit_n to_o europe_n but_o have_v comprehend_v these_o northern_a extremity_n either_o under_o the_o name_n of_o hyperborean_a hill_n although_o there_o be_v no_o hill_n in_o that_o tract_n or_o under_o the_o name_n of_o mare_n glaciale_a or_o the_o freeze_a sea_n which_o we_o may_v take_v from_o the_o golph_n of_o st._n nicolas_n or_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n oby_n unto_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v about_o norway_n and_o finmarch_n and_o so_o towards_o the_o isle_n of_o freezland_n and_o island_n on_o that_o side_n europe_n butt_v upon_o the_o pole_n and_o be_v not_o near_o any_o considerable_a land_n some_o few_o land_n only_o ill_o inhabit_v as_o nova_n zembla_n and_o niewland_n on_o the_o westside_n europe_n have_v the_o great_a ocean_n from_o the_o isle_n of_o freesland_n and_o is-land_n to_o the_o cap_n of_o st._n vincent_n which_o be_v the_o extremity_n of_o portugal_n and_o that_o ocean_n take_v divers_a name_n according_a to_o the_o divers_a country_n that_o it_o touch_v as_o the_o britannique_a land_n norway_n denmark_n germany_n holland_n zealand_n flanders_n the_o straight_a of_o calais_n the_o coast_n of_o normandy_n britain_n poitou_n saintonge_n guienne_n the_o golph_n of_o bayonne_n the_o coast_n of_o biscay_n gallicia_n portugal_n algerke_n to_o the_o cap_n st._n vincent_n these_o be_v the_o limit_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o four_o wall_n which_o enclose_v all_o that_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o europe_n the_o length_n whereof_o may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o cap_n st._n vincent_n to_o the_o golph_n s_o nicholas_n or_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n oby_n which_o be_v two_o thousand_o french_a common_a league_n or_o as_o far_o northward_n as_o one_o will_n the_o breadth_n from_o morea_n towards_o the_o isle_n cythera_n to_o the_o north_n towards_o finmarch_n and_o lapland_n which_o be_v twelve_o of_o fifteen_o hundred_o league_n a_o more_o exact_a description_n of_o the_o topography_n of_o each_o country_n be_v not_o for_o this_o place_n here_o only_o we_o will_v enumerate_v the_o state_n contain_v within_o that_o extent_n and_o that_o but_o in_o the_o great_a as_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o understand_v that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o two_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o europe_n of_o christendom_n at_o least_o we_o shall_v be_v begin_v that_o enumeration_n by_o the_o west_n and_o from_o thence_o pass_v to_o the_o east_n we_o shall_v turn_v to_o the_o north_n and_o there_o end_n paragraphe_n ii_o the_o first_o prince_n on_o the_o west_n of_o europe_n be_v the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n beside_o that_o which_o he_o have_v in_o africa_n and_o in_o the_o east_n and_o west_n indies_n beside_o a_o number_n infinite_a of_o land_n cap_n &_o havens_n from_o the_o isle_n azore_n to_o the_o cap_n of_o good_a hope_n and_o from_o that_o cap_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o east_n towards_o the_o moluke_n and_o philippine_n land_n 1._o that_o which_o he_o hold_v in_o europe_n be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o peninsula_n enclose_v within_o the_o ocean_n the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n under_o several_a name_n of_o
kingdom_n as_o we_o shall_v say_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n and_o these_o distinguish_v into_o three_o general_a jurisdiction_n of_o castilia_n arragon_n and_o portugal_n it_o be_v true_a that_o since_o the_o late_a war_n the_o revolt_n of_o portugal_n and_o catalonia_n have_v clip_v so_o much_o of_o his_o domtnion_n and_o the_o french_a have_v take_v from_o he_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n 2._o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o spain_n he_o possess_v the_o two_o baleares_n mallorca_n and_o minorca_n and_o the_o two_o land_n in_o old_a time_n call_v ophiusae_n now_o ivica_fw-la and_o fromentera_n 3._o in_o italy_n he_o have_v all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n which_o be_v almost_o the_o half_a of_o it_o and_o the_o most_o easterly_a part_n from_o cajeta_n or_o fondi_n to_o the_o golph_n of_o tarento_n and_o the_o straight_a of_o messina_n 4._o in_o the_o same_o italy_n he_o have_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n with_o the_o territory_n of_o pavia_n tortona_n cremona_n etc._n etc._n 5._o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o tuscan_a sea_n he_o have_v final_a piombino_n porto_n hercule_n and_o orbitello_n of_o late_o the_o prince_n of_o monaco_n have_v shake_v off_o his_o yoke_n in_o toscana_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o florence_n do_v he_o homage_n for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o sienna_n and_o owe_v he_o service_n 6._o in_o that_o sea_n about_o italy_n he_o have_v the_o isle_n of_o sardinia_n and_o sicily_n and_o be_v sovereign_a of_o the_o isle_n of_o malta_n which_o the_o old_a geographer_n reckon_v among_o the_o african_a land_n the_o great_a master_n of_o that_o island_n owe_v he_o some_o homage_n for_o it_o 7._o in_o the_o celtique_a gaul_n he_o have_v the_o franche_fw-mi county_n or_o the_o county_n of_o burgundy_n and_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n he_o have_v the_o county_n of_o charrolois_n 8._o in_o the_o belgic_a gaul_n he_o have_v possess_v till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o last_o age_n all_o that_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o seventeen_o province_n he_o keep_v to_o this_o day_n the_o dutchy_n of_o luxemburg_n &_o limburg_n the_o duchy_n of_o brabant_n but_o pare_v about_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o maestritcht_a the_o bose_n breda_n and_o bergupzom_n part_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n the_o county_n of_o namur_n hainant_n artois_n and_o flanders_n all_o maim_a with_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o limb_n by_o our_o late_a war_n also_o the_o marquisat_n of_o the_o holy_a empire_n which_o be_v antwerp_n and_o the_o principality_n of_o mechlen_n the_o remnant_n of_o these_o seventeer_v province_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n beside_o that_o which_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v take_v in_o all_o that_o large_a extent_n of_o land_n the_o spaniard_n suffer_v the_o exercise_n of_o no_o religion_n but_o the_o roman_a though_o he_o go_v for_o a_o great_a sovereign_n yet_o many_o of_o his_o land_n depend_v from_o oâ—_n other_o prince_n the_o see_v of_o rome_n have_v great_a pretence_n upon_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o arragon_n he_o acknowledgerh_n without_o contradiction_n the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o church_n over_o his_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n yet_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o he_o owe_v the_o same_o homage_n for_o sicily_n for_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o other_o land_n which_o he_o hold_v in_o italy_n he_o must_v acknowledge_v the_o empire_n from_o which_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o investiture_n of_o the_o same_o franche_fw-mi county_n be_v a_o imperial_a fee_n as_o also_o the_o province_n of_o netherlands_n not_o depend_v of_o france_n do_v owe_v homage_n to_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1608._o when_v the_o truce_n be_v make_v between_o spain_n and_o holland_n these_o two_o state_n dispute_v of_o their_o sovereignty_n in_o the_o first_o article_n the_o emperor_n rodolphus_n frame_v a_o opposition_n against_o that_o article_n and_o claim_v the_o sovereignty_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o treaty_n pass_v without_o any_o reflection_n to_o that_o claim_n final_o although_o the_o spaniard_n acknowledge_v our_o king_n no_o more_o neither_o for_o flanders_n nor_o for_o artois_n it_o be_v not_o well_o resolve_v yet_o by_o what_o right_a he_o have_v shake_v off_o the_o yoke_n and_o the_o french_a pretend_v that_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n cambray_n and_o crespy_n in_o valois_n which_o contain_v that_o session_n have_v not_o be_v authorize_v by_o the_o general_a state_n of_o france_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v possessor_n of_o such_o a_o great_a extent_n of_o land_n be_v a_o neighbour_n to_o most_o of_o the_o christian_a prince_n as_o will_v be_v show_v more_o at_o large_a in_o the_o second_o chapter_n and_o have_v always_o some_o difference_n with_o they_o the_o now_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v philip_n the_o iv_o of_o the_o roman_a religion_n paragraphe_n iii_o here_o we_o will_v look_v upon_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o state_n be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o old_a galley_n narbonensis_n aquitanica_fw-la celtica_n and_o belgica_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o possess_v they_o all_o the_o whole_a narbonensis_n belong_v to_o he_o except_v avignon_n nice_n savoy_n geneva_n and_o orange_n the_o whole_a aquitanica_fw-la be_v his_o since_o the_o small_a principality_n of_o bearn_n which_o with_o small_a reason_n have_v be_v pretend_v to_o be_v sovereign_a in_o her_o right_n and_o custom_n have_v be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o begin_v to_o have_v the_o same_o prince_n by_o the_o come_n of_o henry_n the_o four_o to_o the_o crown_n the_o whole_a celtica_n belong_v likewise_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n except_v only_o the_o french_a county_n and_o the_o imperial_a town_n oâ—_n besancon_n of_o the_o belgica_n the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v the_o least_o part_n the_o i_o will_v of_o france_n pays_n de_fw-fr caux_n boulonnois_n picardi_n beauvoisis_a champagne_n brie_n and_o by_o good_a or_o bad_a title_n the_o town_n of_o mets_n thoul_n and_o verdun_n of_o which_o in_o the_o first_o invasion_n he_o declare_v himself_o protector_n only_a by_o the_o late_a war_n he_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o most_o part_n of_o lorraine_n of_o the_o town_n of_o brisach_n and_o of_o other_o town_n of_o alsatia_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v common_o roman_a catholic_n yet_o protestant_n be_v tolerare_v in_o the_o state_n the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v neighbour_a upon_o spain_n by_o the_o pyrencan_n hill_n on_o that_o side_n the_o french_a and_o the_o spaniard_n have_v not_o much_o trouble_a one_o another_o but_o of_o late_a year_n in_o which_o the_o french_a have_v unfortunate_o attempt_v spain_n about_o fontarabie_n but_o fortunate_o about_o roussillon_n and_o catalonia_n but_o about_o the_o low_a country_n and_o franche_n county_n which_o lie_v open_a to_o both_o the_o nation_n there_o have_v be_v much_o stir_n and_o action_n on_o the_o side_n of_o provence_n and_o dauphin_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n be_v neighbour_n to_o france_n for_o savoy_n and_o piedmont_n join_v to_o the_o foresay_a province_n the_o county_n of_o avignon_n belong_v to_o the_o pope_n be_v enclose_v within_o provence_n by_o dauphin_n the_o french_a touch_n the_o commonwealth_n of_o geneva_n by_o the_o country_n of_o bresse_n and_o the_o bailliage_n of_o gez_n and_o verromey_n they_o enter_v within_o switzerland_n into_o the_o canton_n of_o berne_n by_o champagne_n they_o have_v the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n for_o their_o neighbour_n but_o now_o they_o be_v possess_v of_o his_o country_n so_o all_o their_o neighbour_n be_v weak_a the_o king_n of_o spain_n except_v the_o present_a king_n of_o france_n be_v lewis_n the_o fourteen_o of_o the_o roman_a profession_n paragraphe_n iu._n in_o this_o paragraphe_n we_o will_v set_v down_o all_o the_o prince_n contain_v within_o the_o ancient_a gaul_n beside_o the_o king_n of_o france_n 1._o in_o gallia_n narbonensis_n the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n hold_v the_o duchy_n of_o savoy_n the_o country_n of_o chablais_n and_o tarantaise_n and_o the_o town_n of_o chambery_n and_o upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n near_o the_o river_n of_o var_n the_o town_n and_o county_n of_o nice_a which_o be_v sometime_o a_o member_n of_o provence_n and_o be_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o var_n it_o be_v partly_o in_o france_n partly_o in_o italy_n 2._o the_o pope_n hold_v the_o county_n of_o venaissyn_n or_o avignon_n a_o ancient_a member_n of_o provence_n with_o the_o four_o bishopric_n belong_v to_o it_o avignon_n carpentras_n cavaillon_n and_o vezon_n there_o also_o be_v orange_n belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o nassau_n 3._o the_o city_n of_o geneva_n with_o her_o territory_n make_v herself_o a_o sovereign_a commonwealth_n about_o the_o year_n 1535._o when_v the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n the_o bishop_n of_o geneva_n and_o the_o city_n be_v in_o contention_n about_o their_o right_n the_o citizen_n change_v religion_n force_v the_o bishop_n to_o
the_o duchy_n of_o montferrat_n sometime_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o house_n of_o the_o paleologi_fw-la be_v at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n there_o stand_v cazal_n of_o st._n vaast_n the_o so_o much_o dispute_v place_n the_o small_a commonwealth_n of_o luca_n in_o toscana_n between_o the_o two_o state_n of_o florence_n and_o genoa_n beside_o these_o two_o estate_n be_v attribute_v to_o italy_n though_o far_o from_o it_o the_o one_o be_v the_o commonwealth_n of_o ragousa_n in_o slavonia_n upon_o the_o golph_n in_o old_a time_n call_v epidaurus_n it_o be_v sovereign_a yet_o pay_v to_o the_o turk_n her_o next_o neighbour_n a_o tribute_n of_o fifteen_o thousand_o sequin_n yearly_a the_o other_o estate_n be_v malta_n with_o the_o next_o island_n goza_n possess_v by_o the_o religion_n of_o saint_n john_n of_o jerusalem_n but_o that_o prince_n have_v but_o the_o shade_n of_o a_o sovereign_n be_v as_o for_o his_o person_n a_o religious_a depend_v of_o the_o pope_n and_o punishable_a by_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o island_n of_o malta_n acknowleding_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n as_o a_o dependence_n of_o sicily_n in_o all_o these_o state_n of_o italy_n there_o be_v no_o exercise_n of_o any_o religion_n but_o the_o roman_a although_o all_o these_o prince_n will_v be_v acknowledge_v sovereign_a there_o be_v none_o proper_o so_o but_o the_o pope_n the_o venetian_n and_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n all_o the_o other_o be_v either_o imperial_a land_n as_o mantua_n milan_n montferrat_n piedmont_n modena_n mirandula_n florence_n or_o depend_v of_o the_o pope_n as_o naples_n sicily_n parma_n and_o placentia_n paragraphe_n vi._n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o golph_n of_o venice_n eastward_o lie_v greece_n possess_v by_o the_o turk_n who_o hold_v all_o that_o be_v comprehend_v in_o the_o name_n of_o peloponnesus_n achaea_n epirus_n macedonia_n thracia_n with_o the_o great_a city_n of_o constantinople_n near_o to_o the_o river_n of_o danubius_n and_o above_o the_o mountain_n of_o thracia_n he_o hold_v bulgaria_n and_o servia_n which_o be_v the_o ancient_a misiae_fw-la bossena_n great_a part_n of_o hungary_n as_o far_o as_o grand_fw-mi or_o strigonium_n near_o the_o town_n of_o commorra_n and_o part_n of_o slavonia_n and_o dalmatia_n by_o those_o more_o occidental_a country_n he_o touch_v the_o land_n of_o the_o venetian_n and_o the_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n beyond_o danubius_n he_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o three_o vaivode_n or_o prince_n of_o transylvania_n moldavia_n and_o walachia_n the_o turk_n hold_v also_o all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n from_o candia_n to_o pontus_n euxinus_n beyond_o the_o mouth_n of_o danubius_n and_o the_o coast_n of_o pont_n euxin_n he_o hold_v as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n tyrus_n or_o niestra_n and_o high_o in_o taurica_n chersonesus_n the_o town_n of_o cafa_o in_o old_a time_n theodosia_n his_o dominion_n on_o that_o side_n butt_v upon_o the_o river_n tanais_n where_o his_o frontier_n be_v the_o town_n of_o assou_n take_v about_o ten_o year_n ago_o upon_o the_o muscovite_n in_o all_o that_o tract_n though_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o mahometan_a religion_n govern_v most_o part_n of_o his_o people_n profess_v the_o religion_n of_o christ_n under_o he_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n yet_o thereare_v many_o of_o the_o roman_a religion_n in_o hungary_n bossena_n and_o servia_n transylvania_n be_v protestant_n paragraphe_n vii_o above_o pont_n euxin_n towards_o meotides_n paludes_n there_o be_v a_o great_a extent_n of_o country_n border_v upon_o podolia_n and_o muscovia_n and_o within_o that_o sea_n be_v that_o peninsula_n sometime_o call_v taurica_n chersonesus_n now_o precops_n all_o that_o tract_n be_v call_v tartary_n precopensis_n or_o the_o crim_n tartar_n or_o about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o a_o herd_n for_o army_n of_o tartar_n invade_v that_o country_n it_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o considerable_a state_n of_o europe_n possess_v by_o a_o mahometan_a prince_n name_v cantemiro_n it_o border_v upon_o the_o turk_n towards_o pont_n euxin_n and_o be_v in_o league_n with_o they_o westward_o it_o join_v with_o poland_n northwards_o with_o muscovia_n and_o have_v war_n almost_o continual_o with_o these_o two_o nation_n paragraphe_n viii_o beyond_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n there_o be_v a_o river_n call_v danambra_n in_o old_a time_n borysthenes_n which_o sever_v sarmatia_n now_o call_v poland_n from_o the_o old_a scythia_n europea_n which_o comprehend_v that_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n between_o borysthenes_n and_o tanais_n and_o northward_o ward_v unto_o the_o freeze_a sea_n this_o be_v that_o great_a estate_n of_o muscovia_n denominate_v from_o the_o capital_a city_n mosko_n the_o prince_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o moscovia_n beside_o that_o part_n of_o enrope_n stretch_v his_o dominion_n very_o far_o into_o great_a asia_n he_o that_o reign_v when_o the_o author_n write_v this_o book_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1644._o be_v michael_n fedorowitz_n who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1612._o in_o the_o confusion_n of_o civil_a war_n after_o the_o extinction_n of_o the_o antitient_a royal_a family_n that_o people_n be_v christian_n but_o of_o the_o rude_a sort_n acknowledge_v the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n westward_o they_o join_v with_o poland_n southward_o with_o the_o crim_n tartar_n and_o with_o each_o of_o they_o have_v always_o some_o war_n paragraphe_n ix_o all_o the_o country_n from_o the_o river_n of_o odera_n in_o germany_n or_o at_o least_o from_o the_o river_n of_o vistula_n or_o weissell_n as_o far_o as_o borysthenes_n and_o northward_o as_o far_o as_o the_o point_n of_o the_o baltique_a sea_n above_o livonia_n all_o that_o country_n i_o say_v call_v ancient_o sarmatia_n contain_v now_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n consist_v of_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a poland_n russia_n alba_fw-la the_o country_n of_o the_o cossacks_n podolia_n and_o other_o province_n with_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lituania_n near_o borysthenes_n that_o state_n of_o poland_n who_o capital_a city_n be_v cracovia_n join_v southward_o with_o the_o land_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o hungary_n sâ—_n much_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o with_o transylvania_n and_o moldavia_n east_n ward_v it_o join_v with_o the_o tartar_n and_o moscovitâ—_n the_o court_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v of_o the_o romaâ—_n religion_n hitherto_o what_o it_o will_v be_v hereafter_o the_o success_n of_o the_o present_a war_n will_v show_v that_o state_n tolerate_v all_o sort_n of_o religion_n livonia_n or_o liefland_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v account_v as_o a_o appurtenance_n of_o poland_n yet_o because_o three_o estate_n meet_v there_o poland_n oâ—_n the_o south_n muscovia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o north_n and_o sweden_n on_o the_o west_n it_o be_v all_o way_n dispute_v between_o these_o three_o crown_n and_o be_v thâ—_n occasion_n of_o great_a war_n which_o be_v appease_v in_o some_o part_n by_o the_o peace_n between_o polanâ—_n and_o sweden_n an._n 1635._o but_o new_o revive_v paragraphe_n x._o by_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o great_a ocean_n that_o mediterranean_a sea_n of_o the_o north_n be_v form_v which_o be_v call_v the_o baltique_a sea_n there_o the_o dominion_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n be_v seat_v two_o considerable_a state_n the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n comprehend_v great_a part_n of_o the_o ancient_a gotthia_n the_o towâ—_n and_o duchy_n of_o stockholm_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o finland_n and_o northward_o botnia_n scrifinia_n and_o other_o unknown_a country_n the_o present_a king_n be_v carolus_n gustavus_n by_o the_o session_n of_o hiâ—_n cousin_n german_n christina_n daughter_n to_o the_o famous_a gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o sweden_n be_v lutheran_n yet_o in_o the_o north_n there_o â—s_v some_o remnant_n of_o the_o ancient_a idolatry_n of_o pagan_n the_o other_o state_n be_v that_o of_o denmark_n compose_v of_o the_o hanse_v teutonique_a call_v ancient_o cimbrica-chersonesus_n which_o be_v a_o corner_n of_o great_a germany_n contain_v the_o duchy_n of_o holstein_n juitland_n and_o schleswick_n a_o second_o part_n of_o that_o estate_n lie_v in_o land_n the_o chief_a of_o they_o zealand_n where_o coppenhagen_n be_v seat_v â—he_v capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o three_o part_n be_v in_o the_o peninsula_n of_o the_o baltique_a sea_n â—nd_v herein_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n and_o finmarch_n to_o that_o state_n also_o belong_v the_o land_n of_o friesland_n and_o island_n far_o in_o the_o north._n they_o be_v all_o lutheran_n the_o strength_n and_o wealth_n of_o that_o kingdom_n lie_v in_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o sund_n which_o make_v it_o considerable_a to_o all_o that_o traffic_n to_o or_o from_o the_o baltique_a sea_n paragraphe_n xi_o from_o thence_o sail_v westward_o one_o come_v â—o_o the_o great_a brittanique_a land_n of_o which_o we_o â—hat_n inhabit_v they_o know_v more_o than_o this_o author_n and_o therefore_o leave_v that_o little_a
and_o bohemia_n slay_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o mohat_n an._n 1526._o he_o die_v without_o child_n the_o crown_n fall_v to_o his_o sister_n anne_n who_o charles_n the_o v._o her_o brother_n in_o law_n present_o cause_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o his_o brother_n ferdinand_n so_o the_o two_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n and_o hungary_n enter_v into_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n to_o bohemia_n be_v annex_v also_o moravia_n silesia_n and_o the_o two_o lusatia_n under_o the_o name_n of_o hungary_n be_v contain_v also_o transylvania_n with_o part_n of_o bulgaris_fw-la croatia_n slavonia_n dalmatia_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o be_v now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o turk_n 6._o the_o state_n of_o portugal_n begin_v about_o the_o year_n 1090._o in_o the_o person_n of_o henry_n a_o french_a prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n and_o continue_v among_o many_o change_n to_o the_o death_n of_o king_n sebastian_n an._n 1579._o after_o who_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o great_a uncle_n cardinal_n henry_n there_o be_v a_o dispute_n between_o many_o contender_n for_o the_o succession_n but_o philip_n the_o ii_o king_n of_o spain_n get_v it_o by_o arm_n an._n 1580._o claim_v right_o to_o it_o by_o his_o mother_n isabel_n daughter_n to_o king_n emanuel_n for_o the_o reason_n which_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n from_o that_o kingdom_n depend_v that_o of_o algarba_n the_o town_n of_o ceuta_n tanger_n and_o marsagan_a in_o africa_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o land_n and_o cap_n from_o the_o cap_n of_o good_a hope_n the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n angola_n bresia_n and_o beyond_o the_o cap_n of_o good_a hope_n a_o infinite_a number_n of_o town_n isle_n country_n and_o fort_n as_o far_o as_o china_n and_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o east_n all_o that_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o east-indies_n discover_v at_o several_a time_n since_o vasco_n gamma_n a_o gentleman_n of_o portugal_n past_o the_o cap_n of_o good_a hope_n an._n 1497._o under_o emanuel_n king_n of_o portugal_n it_o be_v then_o by_o the_o right_n of_o isabel_n wife_n to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o v._o that_o the_o great_a estate_n of_o portugal_n be_v devolve_v to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n to_o which_o estate_n they_o have_v since_o add_v several_a piece_n by_o conquest_n or_o otherwise_o charles_n the_o v._o get_v the_o lordship_n of_o utrecht_n from_o the_o bishop_n as_o we_o say_v before_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n be_v appropriate_v to_o they_o as_o they_o pretend_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n an._n 1525._o of_o cambray_n an._n 1529._o of_o crespy_n an._n 1544._o the_o same_o charles_n get_v the_o town_n of_o mastricht_n an._n 1530._o although_o the_o bishop_n of_o liege_n pretend_v the_o half_a of_o it_o to_o belong_v to_o his_o jurisdiction_n in_o the_o year_n 1530._o he_o invest_v ludovic_n sforza_n with_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n upon_o condition_n that_o if_o he_o die_v childless_a philip_n the_o ii_o king_n of_o spain_n shall_v succeed_v he_o which_o happen_v five_o year_n after_o an._n 1536._o he_o get_v the_o duchy_n of_o gelder_n the_o county_n of_o zutsen_n and_o the_o lordship_n of_o groan_v by_o a_o treaty_n with_o charles_n the_o duke_n of_o gelder_n who_o die_v a_o 1538._o an._n 1543._o he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o town_n of_o cambra_n as_o protector_n of_o that_o imperial_a town_n which_o be_v since_o get_v by_o the_o french_a and_o lose_v again_o be_v confirm_v to_o the_o spaniard_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o veruins_n an._n 1538._o the_o same_o charles_n have_v get_v the_o town_n of_o sienna_n give_v it_o to_o cosmo_n duke_n of_o florence_n to_o be_v a_o homage_n for_o it_o to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n pay_v six_o thousand_o ducat_n of_o entry_n at_o every_o change_n of_o duke_n philip_n the_o ii_o king_n of_o spain_n take_v from_o the_o turk_n a_o 1554._o the_o fort_n of_o pignon_n veles_n and_o gomera_n in_o africa_n an._n 1571._o he_o wrest_v the_o marquisat_n of_o final_a from_o the_o house_n of_o carreto_n philip_n the_o iii_o take_v from_o the_o moor_n in_o africa_n the_o town_n of_o arrach_n and_o mamora_n these_o be_v the_o principal_a piece_n of_o that_o great_a state_n of_o vast_a extent_n and_o i_o think_v one_o may_v true_o say_v that_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n hold_v more_o ground_n than_o ever_o any_o prince_n do_v but_o these_o piece_n be_v scatter_v that_o state_n be_v not_o strong_a glorious_a and_o formidable_a according_a to_o its_o extent_n that_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n the_o spanish_a and_o the_o german_a between_o charles_n and_o ferdinand_n brother_n and_o successive_o emperor_n son_n to_o archiduke_n philip_n and_o jane_n of_o spain_n charles_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o spanish_a branch_n which_o hold_v in_o europa_n and_o out_o of_o it_o all_o that_o we_o say_v before_o ferdinand_n brother_n of_o charles_n be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o german_a branch_n which_o now_o hold_v the_o empire_n to_o he_o charles_n yield_v the_o ancient_a patrimonial_a estate_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o germany_n the_o same_o ferdinand_n by_o his_o marriage_n with_o anne_n inheritrix_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n unite_v those_o two_o crown_n to_o his_o state_n these_o two_o branch_n at_o this_o present_a hold_n these_o estate_n save_v that_o which_o gustavus_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v take_v from_o they_o and_o what_o the_o french_a have_v get_v in_o these_o war_n from_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o low_a country_n hesdin_n arras_n bapaume_n landrecy_n thionville_n quesnoy_n etc._n etc._n towards_o spain_n the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n and_o penpignan_n then_o the_o catalonian_o have_v revolt_v and_o give_v themselves_o to_o the_o french_a portugal_n also_o have_v shake_v the_o yoke_n and_o choose_v a_o king_n of_o the_o house_n of_o braganza_n of_o elder_a date_n part_n of_o the_o low-countries_n have_v canton_v themselves_o and_o be_v now_o sovereign_n the_o turk_n have_v get_v the_o most_o part_n of_o hungary_n and_o transylvania_n acknowledge_v no_o more_o the_o house_n austria_n chap._n iii_o a_o discuss_n of_o the_o right_n now_o in_o dispute_n between_o the_o house_n of_o france_n and_o austria_n the_o contention_n between_o these_o two_o family_n these_o 150_o year_n and_o of_o the_o nation_n subject_a unto_o they_o especial_o the_o french_a and_o the_o spaniard_n come_v not_o only_o out_o of_o natural_a antipathy_n and_o contrary_a inclination_n but_o chief_o out_o of_o the_o pretence_n that_o the_o one_o house_n have_v upon_o the_o other_o for_o as_o between_o private_a person_n so_o among_o prince_n the_o neighbourhood_n of_o ground_n breed_v quarrel_n and_o these_o several_a pretence_n yet_o undecided_a aught_o to_o be_v examine_v to_o know_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o late_a and_o present_a war_n of_o these_o large_a volume_n of_o history_n and_o polemical_a writing_n may_v be_v and_o have_v be_v write_v but_o here_o i_o undertake_v no_o more_o but_o faithful_o to_o set_v down_o the_o ground_n of_o pretence_n on_o both_o side_n which_o though_o i_o will_v do_v brief_o and_o summary_o yet_o will_v i_o omit_v nothing_o essential_a and_o fit_a to_o decide_v the_o difference_n to_o do_v this_o orderly_a we_o will_v divide_v this_o chapter_n into_o two_o point_n the_o first_o of_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n upon_o france_n the_o second_o of_o the_o pretence_n of_o france_n upon_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n first_o point_n the_o pretence_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n upon_o that_o of_o france_n all_o though_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n both_o the_o spanish_a and_o the_o german_a have_v pretence_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o empire_n which_o they_o hold_v only_o by_o election_n and_o upon_o condition_n of_o yield_v and_o deposit_v it_o again_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o electour_n after_o the_o death_n of_o each_o emperor_n yet_o their_o interess_n be_v now_o so_o unite_v that_o the_o imperial_a right_n and_o those_o of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n can_v hardly_o be_v separate_v wherefore_o we_o will_v examine_v they_o together_o all_o the_o pretence_n of_o that_o family_n be_v either_o upon_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n or_o part_v thereof_o especial_o upon_o the_o propriety_n of_o province_n the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n the_o town_n of_o mets_n thoul_n and_o verdun_n the_o town_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n and_o the_o duchy_n of_o britain_n these_o must_v be_v examine_v paragraphe_n i._n the_o pretend_a right_n of_o the_o empire_n upon_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o france_n concern_v that_o right_n now_o stale_a and_o indeed_o ridiculous_a four_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v 1._o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o begin_v in_o julius_n caesar_n or_o augustus_n
for_o the_o maintain_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n to_o which_o the_o wise_a of_o the_o league_n yield_v philip_n the_o ii_o of_o spain_n in_o that_o assemblâ—_n of_o the_o state_n set_v up_o his_o daughter_n title_n anâ—_n present_v she_o to_o be_v queen_n but_o present_o perceive_v the_o weakness_n of_o that_o title_n and_o thâ—_n aversion_n of_o the_o french_a from_o the_o government_n of_o a_o woman_n he_o offer_v to_o marry_v she_o either_o with_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n or_o with_o one_o of_o the_o house_n of_o lorraine_n whosâ—_n imaginary_a right_n be_v at_o the_o same_o timâ—_n plead_v and_o to_o strengthen_v all_o these_o right_n he_o say_v that_o the_o election_n by_o the_o state_n will_v supply_v all_o defect_n in_o the_o right_a oâ—_n succession_n it_o appear_v that_o philip_n acknowledge_v thâ—_n weakness_n of_o his_o daughter_n right_a since_o hâ—_n present_v she_o to_o be_v elect_v the_o salic_a law_n be_v fundamental_a in_o france_n wise_o institute_v and_o observe_v twelve_o hundred_o year_n together_o as_o for_o philip_n allegation_n that_o prince_n be_v not_o to_o be_v tie_v by_o municipal_a law_n but_o by_o thâ—_n law_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v utter_o false_a for_o in_o thâ—_n discussion_n of_o the_o right_n of_o all_o sovereign_n the_o municipal_a law_n be_v always_o examine_v and_o none_o can_v have_v right_a to_o a_o estate_n from_o which_o he_o be_v exclude_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o decision_n of_o all_o suit_n for_o estate_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o land_n where_o the_o estate_n lie_v but_o where_o those_o custom_n write_v or_o unwritten_a be_v want_v the_o case_n be_v to_o be_v decide_v by_o reason_n only_o the_o french_a think_v they_o have_v both_o law_n and_o reason_n on_o their_o side_n howsoever_o that_o isabel_n in_o who_o favour_n that_o right_o be_v set_v up_o die_v childless_a a_o 1633._o who_o right_a if_o she_o have_v any_o shall_v be_v devolve_v since_o to_o the_o child_n of_o her_o second_o sister_n katherine_n wife_n to_o charles_n emanuel_n duke_n of_o savoy_n from_o who_o all_o the_o house_n of_o savoy_n that_o now_o be_v be_v descend_v 4._o beside_o these_o imaginary_a right_n to_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o empire_n have_v a_o weak_a pretend_a right_a to_o some_o part_n of_o it_o whereupon_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o by_o the_o partage_n between_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a 843._o all_o the_o country_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n of_o rhosne_fw-fr and_o saone_n and_o the_o alps_n viz._n provence_n dauphin_n savoy_n and_o french_a county_n remain_v imperial_a land_n and_o the_o french_a king_n in_o the_o second_o race_n yea_o and_o very_o far_o in_o the_o three_o race_n pretend_v nothing_o to_o they_o till_o dauphin_n come_v to_o they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n and_o provence_n in_o the_o time_n of_o lewis_n the_o xi_o and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v hold_v by_o lothary_a the_o elder_a son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a and_o after_o he_o by_o his_o son_n lewis_n the_o young_a who_o die_v without_o heir_n male_a a_o state_n be_v erect_v in_o favour_n of_o his_o daughter_n hermengard_n between_o these_o two_o river_n and_o the_o alps_n which_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n or_o the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o burgundy_n which_o continue_v under_o its_o proper_a king_n who_o pedigree_n be_v full_o describe_v by_o the_o historian_n du_fw-mi chesne_n unto_o the_o death_n of_o rodolphus_n the_o last_o king_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n a_o 1036._o leave_v his_o estate_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n the_o two_o surname_v the_o salic_a who_o have_v marry_v his_o sister_n grisel_n or_o as_o some_o say_v be_v his_o nephew_n by_o she_o by_o that_o gift_n beside_o the_o ancient_a pretence_n of_o the_o empire_n upon_o that_o kingdom_n at_o least_o for_o the_o sovereignty_n the_o emperor_n become_v master_n of_o the_o same_o both_o by_o sovereignty_n and_o propriety_n and_o annex_v it_o to_o the_o empire_n at_o which_o time_n the_o archbishop_n of_o treves_n take_v the_o name_n of_o chancellor_n per_fw-la regnum_fw-la arelatense_n but_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o emperor_n come_v to_o a_o great_a decay_n out_o of_o germany_n especial_o during_o the_o war_n between_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o iv_o and_o the_o pope_n four_o principality_n be_v frame_v in_o that_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n of_o the_o count_n of_o provence_n the_o dolphin_n of_o viennois_n the_o count_n of_o moriurre_n call_v since_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o the_o count_n of_o burgundy_n which_o without_o question_n depend_v from_o the_o empire_n as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v any_o vigour_n in_o it_o but_o time_n have_v wear_v out_o that_o title_n and_o prescription_n be_v pass_v upon_o it_o not_o to_o be_v break_v and_o the_o old_a title_n revive_v unless_o the_o emperor_n will_v together_o question_v most_o part_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o italy_n and_o the_o east_n and_o north_n gaul_n of_o these_o four_o principality_n that_o of_o savoy_n subsi_v to_o this_o day_n french_fw-mi county_n be_v fall_v to_o the_o house_n of_o flanders_n and_o so_o to_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n daulphiné_n be_v give_v to_o philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n by_o imbert_n dolphin_n about_o the_o year_n 1343._o and_o provence_n to_o lewis_n the_o xi_o a_o 1482._o by_o charles_n count_n of_o maine_n heir_n to_o rené_fw-fr king_n of_o naples_n and_o duke_n of_o anjou_n all_o these_o change_n and_o gift_n as_o for_o the_o propriety_n only_o the_o sovereignty_n be_v still_o pretend_v by_o the_o emperor_n which_o they_o may_v well_o be_v account_v to_o have_v lose_v by_o weakness_n desertion_n and_o by_o prescription_n as_o many_o other_o principality_n at_o this_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n beside_o the_o french_a history_n relate_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1377._o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o iv_o be_v come_v into_o france_n to_o visit_v king_n charles_n the_o v._o give_v to_o his_o godson_n charles_n who_o since_o be_v charles_n the_o vi_o the_o right_n which_o the_o emperor_n pretend_a in_o daulphiné_n which_o be_v no_o great_a gift_n and_o theodorick_n à _fw-la niem_fw-la a_o historian_n of_o that_o age_n say_v that_o the_o same_o emperor_n be_v come_v to_o avignon_n to_o visit_v the_o pope_n give_v to_o lewis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o charles_n the_o v._o of_o france_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o arles_n which_o have_v be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o recompense_n of_o the_o magnificent_a entertainment_n which_o the_o say_a lewis_n give_v he_o at_o villeneufue_n near_o avignon_n so_o all_o these_o right_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v lose_v either_o by_o prescription_n or_o donation_n these_o be_v all_o the_o right_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v pretend_v by_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n upon_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o france_n paragraphe_n ii_o of_o the_o right_n pretend_v upon_o provence_n let_v we_o now_o examine_v some_o pretence_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n upon_o some_o dutchy_n and_o other_o dominion_n in_o france_n begin_v at_o provence_n 1._o i_o show_v before_o how_o provence_n before_o the_o partage_n between_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a a_o fundamental_a and_o famous_a date_n in_o our_o history_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n and_o when_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o tetrarchy_n it_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mets_n austrasia_n or_o burgundy_n but_o when_o before_o that_o famous_a division_n all_o france_n be_v reunite_v in_o the_o second_o race_n under_o these_o two_o great_a prince_n pepin_n and_o charlemain_n provence_n be_v a_o part_n of_o it_o 2._o by_o the_o partage_n between_o the_o son_n of_o lewis_n the_o meek_a provence_n with_o all_o that_o be_v beyond_o the_o river_n of_o rhosne_fw-fr and_o saone_n be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o portion_n give_v to_o charles_n the_o bald_a and_o be_v since_o call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o arles_n all_o these_o piece_n give_v to_o lothary_a the_o elder_a brother_n be_v call_v the_o empire_n and_o imperial_a ground_n and_o to_o this_o day_n the_o land_n beyond_o the_o rhone_n towards_o italy_n be_v call_v terres_n d'_fw-fr empire_n land_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o land_n at_o this_o side_n terres_n de_fw-fr france_n french_a land_n since_o that_o partage_n the_o emperor_n have_v always_o pretend_v a_o sovereignty_n to_o those_o country_n a_o right_n strengthen_v by_o the_o donation_n make_v of_o the_o propriety_n of_o it_o to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n the_o salic_a by_o his_o uncle_n or_o brother_n in_o law_n rodolphus_n the_o last_o king_n of_o burgundy_n 3._o lewis_n the_o ii_o emperor_n son_n to_o that_o lothary_a leave_v but_o one_o daughter_n call_v hermengarda_n which_o be_v incapable_a of_o the_o title_n of_o
mother_n thus_o compose_v the_o difference_n ferdinand_n the_o usurper_n of_o castilia_n over_o blanch_n and_o st_n lewis_n be_v father_n of_o alphonsus_n the_o x._o king_n of_o castilia_n and_o leon_n against_o who_o st_n lewis_n have_v a_o action_n for_o castilia_n one_o of_o the_o two_o kingdom_n marry_v his_o daughter_n blanch_n granddaughter_n of_o blanch_n the_o inheritrice_n of_o castilia_n a_o 1267._o with_o ferdinand_n surname_v de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n elder_a son_n to_o that_o alphonsus_n the_o x._o by_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o s._n lewis_n yield_v all_o his_o right_n over_o castilia_n to_o his_o daughter_n blanch_n and_o her_o child_n after_o she_o upon_o which_o condition_n perform_v france_n lose_v her_o claim_n upon_o that_o kingdom_n but_o that_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n die_v before_o his_o father_n alphonsus_n and_o his_o young_a brother_n sanchez_n usurp_v the_o crown_n deprive_v his_o nephew_n son_n to_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n of_o their_o right_n from_o that_o usurper_n sanchez_n all_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n to_o this_o day_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o dispossess_v child_n of_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n of_o france_n be_v descend_v the_o house_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o medina_n coeli_fw-la who_o retain_v still_o the_o memory_n of_o that_o degradation_n and_o of_o their_o birthright_n over_o the_o family_n of_o sanchez_n make_v their_o protestation_n at_o every_o change_n of_o state_n that_o if_o the_o family_n now_o reign_v shall_v fail_v they_o may_v enter_v upon_o their_o right_n out_o of_o that_o discourse_n four_o thing_n do_v result_v for_o our_o purpose_n 1._o that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n king_n of_o castilia_n all_o the_o right_a of_o the_o kingdom_n belong_v to_o his_o sister_n blanch_n and_o after_o she_o to_o her_o son_n st_n lewis_n and_o that_o berengera_fw-mi the_o young_a sister_n of_o blanch_n and_o her_o son_n ferdinand_n be_v usurper_n 2._o that_o st_n lewis_n indeed_o yield_v his_o right_n by_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n between_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n and_o his_o daughter_n blanch._n one_o may_v say_v that_o it_o be_v more_o than_o he_o can_v do_v for_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n can_v be_v alienate_v but_o they_o have_v not_o then_o such_o absolute_a maxim_n and_o be_v not_o so_o jealous_a as_o now_o of_o preserve_v the_o union_n of_o state_n which_o in_o those_o day_n be_v often_o divide_v exchange_v buy_v and_o sell_v and_o st_n lewis_n sufficient_o perceive_v the_o impossibility_n of_o govern_v the_o french_a and_o the_o castilian_n together_o 3._o but_o that_o session_n be_v conditional_a require_v that_o the_o child_n of_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n shall_v inherit_v the_o crown_n that_o condition_n have_v be_v violate_v by_o the_o usurpation_n of_o sanchez_n young_a brother_n to_o ferdinand_n and_o the_o poor_a prince_n child_n to_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n be_v disinherit_v and_o proscribe_v that_o session_n of_o st_n lewis_n become_v void_a by_o right_n and_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o french_a may_v be_v good_a if_o it_o be_v not_o somewhat_o too_o old_a 4._o at_o least_o all_o that_o right_n of_o st_n lewis_n remain_v with_o the_o descendant_n of_o ferdinand_n and_o blanch_n the_o duke_n of_o medina_n coeli_fw-la for_o they_o have_v double_a right_n the_o one_o from_o ferdinand_n as_o elder_a brother_n to_o sanchez_n the_o other_o from_o blanch_n to_o who_o her_o father_n st_n lewis_n have_v confer_v his_o right_n and_o if_o the_o house_n of_o medina_n coeli_fw-la will_v prosecute_v it_o they_o shall_v be_v well_o ground_v and_o the_o french_a king_n may_v defend_v their_o claim_n very_o just_o as_o their_o successor_n and_o fetch_v their_o right_n from_o they_o paragraphe_n ii_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n portugal_n a_o part_n of_o the_o old_a lusitania_n be_v one_o of_o the_o province_n of_o spain_n near_o the_o great_a ocean_n cean_n under_o gallicia_n between_o the_o river_n of_o duerno_n minio_n and_o tajo_n to_o which_o also_o belong_v a_o little_a state_n call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o algarba_n which_o be_v the_o point_n of_o the_o cap_n st_n vincent_n next_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o cadiz_n and_o the_o straight_a of_o gibraliar_n that_o country_n be_v waste_v and_o conquer_v by_o the_o saracen_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o spain_n by_o that_o great_a inundation_n of_o those_o barbarous_a nation_n a_o 713._o all_o the_o christian_a prince_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n even_o after_o the_o time_n of_o charlemain_n and_o lewis_n the_o meek_a who_o be_v there_o in_o person_n very_o willing_o go_v to_o make_v war_n in_o spain_n against_o these_o saracen_n moores_n especial_o a_o 1090._o a_o little_a before_o the_o enterprise_n of_o the_o holy_a war_n philip_n the_o i._o reign_v in_o france_n &_o alphonsus_n the_o viii_o in_o spain_n many_o prince_n and_o nobleman_n consederate_v themselves_o and_o go_v into_o spain_n against_o they_o the_o most_o eminent_a be_v henry_n of_o the_o first_o royal_a house_n of_o burgundy_n for_o although_o there_o have_v be_v much_o dispute_n about_o his_o origine_fw-la now_o all_o historian_n acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v grand_a child_n to_o robert_n brother_z to_z king_n henry_n the_o i_o who_o have_v burgundy_n give_v he_o for_o his_o apanage_n this_o henry_n of_o burgundy_n have_v do_v great_a exploit_n against_o the_o moor_n marry_v teresa_n natural_a daughter_n of_o alphonsus_n who_o give_v she_o for_o her_o portion_n the_o town_n of_o coimbra_n braga_n and_o other_o in_o portugal_n with_o force_n to_o conquer_v the_o rest_n of_o which_o he_o quit_v himself_o so_o well_o that_o he_o expel_v the_o infidel_n from_o great_a part_n of_o portugal_n of_o which_o he_o be_v call_v comes_n or_o count_n and_o no_o other_o title_n do_v he_o bear_v all_o his_o life_n time_n he_o die_v a_o 1112._o and_o leave_v a_o son_n name_v alphonsus_n who_o take_v lisbon_n and_o much_o country_n beside_o and_o be_v call_v the_o first_o king_n of_o portugal_n a_o 1139._o from_o that_o alphonsus_n be_v descend_v the_o whole_a house_n of_o portugal_n till_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o cardinal_n king_n an_z 1580._o at_o which_o time_n portugal_n be_v unite_v with_o spain_n the_o great_a difficulty_n about_o the_o succession_n of_o that_o kingdom_n whether_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o house_n of_o spain_n or_o to_o that_o of_o braganza_n or_o to_o that_o of_o parma_n be_v nothing_o to_o this_o purpose_n it_o have_v weary_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a politician_n for_o threescore_o year_n and_o final_o have_v end_v in_o a_o general_a revolt_n of_o portugal_n and_o a_o bloody_a war._n certain_o although_o such_o as_o be_v most_o jealous_a of_o the_o growth_n of_o spain_n will_v vote_n for_o the_o house_n of_o braganza_n and_o that_o of_o parma_n the_o question_n be_v not_o without_o difficulty_n but_o france_n have_v a_o further_a pretence_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n for_o which_o we_o must_v remount_v high_o alphonsus_n the_o two_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v two_o son_n sanchez_n the_o two_o surname_v capel_n and_o alphonsus_n sanchez_n reign_v after_o his_o father_n but_o with_o small_a vigour_n and_o be_v despise_v by_o his_o subject_n alphonsus_n live_v then_o in_o the_o court_n of_o st_n lewis_n where_o he_o receive_v much_o honour_n as_o be_v his_o kinsman_n by_o blanch_n of_o castilia_n the_o king_n mother_n by_o his_o mean_n he_o marry_v mahaut_n of_o dampmartin_n widow_n to_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n an_z 1235._o and_o by_o she_o have_v child_n the_o people_n of_o portugal_n weary_a of_o their_o king_n sanchez_n desire_a alphonsus_n to_o come_v home_o and_o take_v the_o tuition_n of_o the_o state_n which_o he_o do_v leave_v his_o wife_n mahaut_n in_o france_n and_o his_o brother_n be_v degrade_v and_o himself_o make_v king_n he_o forget_v his_o wife_n and_o child_n in_o france_n and_o marry_v beatrix_n natural_a daughter_n of_o alphonsus_n the_o ix_o king_n of_o castilia_n who_o give_v she_o for_o her_o portion_n the_o kingdom_n of_o algarba_n because_o his_o first_o wife_n be_v live_v that_o 2_o marriage_n be_v account_v unlawful_a yea_o alphonsus_n be_v excommunicate_v for_o it_o by_o pope_n alexander_n the_o iv_o and_o hate_v by_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o mahaut_n come_v into_o spain_n make_v a_o heavy_a complaint_n against_o he_o who_o be_v so_o harden_v in_o that_o sin_n that_o he_o protest_v that_o if_o a_o hundred_o wife_n will_v have_v he_o he_o will_v marry_v they_o all_o yet_o be_v a_o great_a warrior_n and_o a_o wise_a and_o prosperous_a king_n he_o maintain_v himself_o by_o the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n insomuch_o that_o mahaut_n be_v dead_a the_o bishop_n of_o portugal_n obtain_v his_o absolution_n of_o urban_n the_o iv_o and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o that_o second_o marriage_n
of_o which_o he_o have_v child_n one_o of_o they_o and_o his_o successor_n be_v denis_n alphonsus_n be_v dead_a an_z 1279._o from_o that_o denis_n be_v descend_v all_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n to_o this_o day_n some_o of_o the_o french_a historian_n affirm_v that_o mahaut_n have_v two_o son_n by_o alphonsus_n in_o france_n the_o one_o that_o die_v young_a the_o other_z robert_z from_o who_o the_o whole_a house_n of_o the_o count_n of_o bullen_n be_v descend_v which_o fall_v to_o magdalen_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cour_fw-fr wife_n to_o laurens_n of_o medicis_n by_o who_o come_v katherine_n de_fw-fr medicis_n mother_n of_o the_o three_o late_a french_a king_n francis_n the_o ii_o charles_n the_o ix_o and_o henry_n the_o iii_o after_o who_o death_n by_o the_o substitution_n set_v down_o before_o in_o the_o contract_n between_o she_o and_o henry_n the_o two_o the_o inheritance_n of_o katherine_n come_v to_o her_o daughter_n queen_n margaret_n first_o wife_n to_o henry_n the_o iv_o that_o queen_n make_v the_o dolphin_n of_o france_n her_o heir_n who_o since_o be_v lewis_n the_o xiii_o when_o the_o dispute_n for_o the_o succession_n of_o portugal_n be_v open_a after_o the_o death_n of_o henry_n the_o cardinal_z king_n an_z 1530_o katherine_n queen_n of_o france_n among_o other_o pretender_n to_o that_o crown_n set_v forth_o her_o claim_n by_o belloy_n advocate_n general_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o toulouse_n who_o plead_v that_o from_o the_o marriage_n of_o alphonsus_n and_o mahaut_n a_o son_n be_v bear_v call_v robert_n and_o have_v succeed_v in_o all_o his_o right_n that_o beatrix_n be_v the_o concubine_n not_o the_o wile_n of_o alphonsus_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n can_v not_o legitimate_a denis_n bear_v of_o adultery_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o robert_n the_o true_a heir_n of_o alphonsus_n also_o that_o all_o the_o king_n that_o have_v reign_v since_o denis_n for_o three_o hundred_o year_n make_v no_o prescription_n because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o prescription_n for_o the_o right_n of_o kingdom_n that_o right_o be_v propound_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o portugal_n be_v find_v too_o old_a and_o stale_a and_o injurious_a to_o all_o their_o king_n neither_o do_v they_o make_v any_o account_n of_o it_o beside_o the_o spanish_a historian_n affirm_v that_o alphonsus_n have_v no_o issue_n by_o mahaut_n and_o that_o among_o the_o protestation_n which_o mahaut_n make_v in_o portugal_n against_o alphonsus_n there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n of_o the_o injury_n which_o he_o do_v to_o her_o child_n which_o she_o will_v not_o have_v forget_v if_o she_o have_v have_v any_o yet_o that_o right_o may_v be_v defend_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o french_a historian_n and_o by_o this_o true_a allegation_n that_o neither_o a_o bastard_n nor_o his_o descent_n can_v prescribe_v against_o the_o lawful_a heir_n paragraphe_n iii_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n an._n 713._o when_o the_o saracen_n invade_v spain_n inigo_n ximenes_n arista_n count_n of_o bigorre_n give_v a_o beginning_n to_o the_o little_a kingdom_n of_o suprarba_n within_o the_o pyrenees_n which_o a_o while_n after_o have_v spread_v into_o the_o vale_n take_v the_o name_n of_o navarra_n or_o navierras_n which_o in_o old_a spanish_a signify_v plain_a ground_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o two_o generous_a prince_n and_o great_a catholic_n resist_v the_o saracen_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o their_o invasion_n pelagius_n towards_o the_o astures_n which_o be_v leon_n and_o gallicia_n and_o this_o ximenes_n arista_n towards_o the_o pyrenees_n though_o the_o date_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o this_o ximenes_n be_v not_o so_o certain_a some_o historian_n make_v he_o latter_a upon_o which_o one_o may_v read_v the_o history_n of_o navarra_n write_v by_o favin_n 2._o these_o king_n of_o navarra_n in_o their_o begining_n make_v many_o conquest_n over_o the_o saracen_n and_o that_o family_n continue_v to_o sanches_n the_o great_a who_o about_o the_o year_n 1035._o share_v all_o his_o estate_n among_o his_o three_o son_n of_o who_o the_o elder_a garcias_n have_v navarra_n to_o who_o many_o king_n succeed_v till_o that_o state_n fall_v to_o the_o house_n of_o france_n by_o the_o marriage_n of_o philip_n le_fw-fr bel_n with_o jane_n inheritrix_n of_o navarra_n countess_n of_o campagn_n and_o brie_n to_o who_o lewis_n hutin_n king_n of_o france_n and_o navarra_n succeed_v in_o her_o estate_n but_o he_o have_v no_o child_n but_o a_o daughter_n call_v jane_n which_o can_v not_o be_v queen_n of_o france_n he_o leave_v her_o navarra_n and_o so_o that_o state_n be_v soon_o separate_v from_o that_o of_o france_n that_o jane_n marry_v philip_n of_o the_o royal_a branch_n of_o eureux_fw-fr 3._o by_o that_o marriage_n the_o house_n of_o navarro_n become_v a_o royal_a french_a house_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o crown_n be_v to_o fall_v to_o woman_n as_o the_o other_o state_n of_o spain_n it_o pass_v not_o long_o after_o into_o the_o family_n of_o arragon_n by_o marriage_n and_o so_o again_o into_o the_o family_n of_o castilia_n and_o again_o into_o the_o family_n of_o foix_n after_o this_o manner_n 4._o charles_n the_o iii_o king_n of_o navarre_n grandchild_n to_o that_o jane_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n hutin_n have_v one_o only_a daughter_n call_v blanch_n marry_v to_o john_n prince_n and_o afterward_o king_n of_o arragon_n from_o that_o marriage_n come_v charles_n prince_n of_o viana_n who_o get_v a_o great_a but_o a_o ill_a renown_n in_o the_o history_n of_o spain_n for_o make_v war_n to_o his_o father_n and_o maintain_v himself_o against_o he_o in_o his_o state_n after_o his_o mother_n death_n that_o prince_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o courage_n die_v a_o bachelor_n the_o two_o other_o child_n of_o john_n of_o arragon_n and_o blanch_n of_o navarra_n be_v two_o daughter_n the_o elder_a blanch_n of_o arragon_n who_o have_v be_v marry_v with_o henry_n the_o iv_o king_n of_o castilia_n surname_v the_o impotent_a be_v separate_v from_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o impotency_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o other_o be_v eleanor_n wife_n to_o gaston_n the_o iv_o count_n of_o foix_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o father_n mother_n brother_n and_o sister_n succeed_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n and_o unite_v it_o to_o the_o house_n of_o foix._n she_o enjoy_v it_o but_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_a and_o die_v an._n 1469._o her_o elder_a son_n gaston_n prince_n of_o viana_n be_v already_o dead_a and_o have_v leave_v by_o his_o wife_n magdalen_n daughter_n to_o charles_n the_o vii_o of_o france_n two_o child_n francis_z phoebus_n who_o succeed_v his_o grandfather_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n but_o enjoy_v it_o but_o four_o year_n and_o die_v unmarried_a and_o catherine_n de_fw-fr foix_n who_o succeed_v he_o and_o marry_v john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n son_n to_o alen_n d'_fw-fr abret_n a_o man_n of_o great_a note_n in_o gascony_n but_o not_o of_o a_o sovereign_a house_n yet_o descend_v from_o that_o amani_fw-la d'_fw-fr albret_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o v._o of_o france_n marry_v magaret_n of_o bourbon_n sister_n to_o jane_n queen_n of_o france_n and_o raise_v his_o house_n to_o a_o great_a splendour_n by_o that_o royal_a alliance_n &_o advance_v much_o the_o party_n of_o the_o french_a against_o the_o english_a 5._o john_n of_o albret_n and_o catherine_n de_fw-fr foix_n have_v a_o son_n call_v henry_n who_o be_v king_n of_o navarra_n and_o marry_v margaret_n sister_n to_o francis_n the_o first_o of_o france_n by_o who_o he_o have_v jane_n inheritrix_n of_o navarra_n jane_n be_v marry_v to_o antony_n of_o bourbon_n be_v by_o he_o mother_n of_o henry_n the_o iv_o of_o france_n father_n to_o lewis_n the_o xiii_o and_o grandfather_n to_o lewis_n the_o fourteen_o thus_o that_o house_n of_o navarra_n be_v unite_v with_o two_o great_a house_n in_o france_n yet_o not_o royal_a that_o of_o foix_n and_o that_o of_o albret_n and_o after_o to_o the_o royal_a house_n of_o bourbon_n and_o become_v so_o powerful_a in_o france_n that_o her_o possession_n from_o these_o three_o house_n much_o exceed_v the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a how_o the_o last_o king_n of_o navarra_n by_o the_o interest_n of_o their_o alliance_n and_o estate_n be_v oblige_v to_o follow_v the_o party_n of_o france_n now_o it_o happen_v an._n 1510._o after_o that_o lewis_n the_o xii_o have_v humble_v the_o venetian_n by_o the_o victory_n of_o aignadel_n and_o bring_v terror_n among_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n that_o pope_n julius_n the_o ii_o fall_v out_o with_o lewis_n and_o prosecute_v the_o quarrel_n with_o such_o animosity_n lewis_n on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v as_o fierce_a as_o he_o that_o the_o contention_n grow_v almost_o into_o a_o schism_n julius_n excommunicate_v all_o that_o take_v part_n with_o lewis_n and_o put_v a_o interdict_v as_o they_o call_v it_o upon_o
enjoy_v the_o gift_n great_a war_n he_o have_v against_o manfred_n bastard_n of_o friderick_n the_o ii_o emperor_n and_o against_o conradin_n the_o emperor_n grandchild_n who_o he_o take_v in_o battle_n and_o behead_v he_o a_o bloody_a execution_n which_o cause_v much_o animosity_n and_o war_n between_o that_o house_n of_o france_n and_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o house_n of_o suaben_n which_o be_v constantia_n daughter_n to_o manfred_n wife_n to_o peter_n king_n of_o arragon_n who_o to_o avenge_v the_o death_n of_o that_o king_n conradin_n his_o wife_n cousin_n &_o to_o repress_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o french_a be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o bloody_a sicilian_a vesper_n whereby_o the_o french_a be_v utter_o expel_v from_o sicily_n an._n 1261._o and_o sicily_n remain_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n and_o since_o although_o many_o war_n and_o treaty_n have_v intervene_v to_o reunite_v these_o two_o state_n they_o have_v always_o be_v separate_v till_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n have_v get_v the_o dominion_n of_o naples_n wherefore_o we_o will_v speak_v no_o more_o of_o sicily_n which_o the_o french_a lose_v in_o effect_n in_o that_o massacre_n and_o since_o quit_v their_o right_n to_o it_o by_o several_a treaty_n 4._o but_o as_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n that_o french_a family_n of_o charles_n d'_fw-fr anjou_n be_v settle_v in_o it_o from_o the_o year_n 1264_o until_o the_o death_n of_o jane_n the_o two_o an._n 1435._o in_o all_o 171._o year_n we_o intend_v not_o to_o relate_v that_o history_n but_o only_o to_o observe_v these_o thing_n which_o concern_v our_o present_a purpose_n first_o that_o charles_n the_o lame_a the_o second_o king_n and_o son_n to_o that_o first_o charles_n marry_v mary_n inheritrice_n of_o hungary_n and_o so_o these_o two_o kingdom_n be_v unite_v of_o their_o child_n the_o elder_a charles_n surname_v martel_n have_v hungary_n for_o his_o portion_n and_o from_o he_o some_o prince_n of_o hungary_n be_v descend_v the_o second_o son_n be_v lewis_n who_o will_v be_v a_o franciscan_a friar_n and_o be_v bishop_n of_o toulouse_n the_o three_o son_n robert_n inherit_v the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n there_o be_v more_o brother_n who_o have_v several_a apanage_n but_o it_o be_v not_o this_o robert_n that_o continue_v the_o line_n of_o the_o king_n of_o naples_n he_o be_v father_n to_o prince_n charles_n who_o die_v before_o his_o father_n leave_v a_o daughter_n that_o famous_a or_o rather_o infamous_a queen_n jane_n the_o first_o that_o rule_v that_o state_n almost_o forty_o year_n next_o it_o must_v be_v know_v that_o this_o wicked_a jane_n lascivious_a and_o cruel_a so_o far_o as_o to_o strangle_v her_o husband_n andrew_n a_o young_a prince_n of_o that_o other_o branch_n of_o hungary_n fill_v her_o kingdom_n with_o great_a trouble_n by_o her_o wickedness_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o her_o reign_n a_o 1378._o happen_v the_o great_a schism_n of_o the_o church_n when_o urban_n the_o vi_o be_v make_v pope_n by_o violence_n many_o cardinal_n elect_v in_o his_o stead_n robert_n cardinal_n of_o geneva_n who_o take_v the_o name_n of_o clement_n the_o vii_o queen_n jane_n be_v a_o enemy_n to_o urban_n who_o be_v bear_v her_o subject_n declare_v herself_o for_o clement_n her_o crim_n whereby_o she_o have_v put_v her_o husband_n to_o death_n have_v be_v long_o cover_v by_o a_o accommodation_n make_v by_o clement_n the_o vi_o who_o appease_v lewis_n the_o great_a king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n to_o andrew_n who_o jane_n have_v strangle_v but_o pope_n urban_n the_o vi_o to_o be_v avenge_v of_o jane_n stir_v again_o the_o house_n of_o hungary_n against_o she_o and_o a_o prince_n of_o that_o house_n named_z charles_n de_fw-fr duras_n come_v and_o besiege_v she_o in_o castello_n del_fw-it ovo_fw-la at_o naples_n take_v she_o and_o strangle_v she_o a_o 1382._o in_o the_o same_o place_n as_o some_o say_v where_o she_o have_v strangle_v she_o first_o husband_n 3._o but_o the_o same_o princess_n see_v that_o urban_n invite_v the_o house_n of_o hungary_n to_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n call_v to_o her_o help_n king_n charles_n the_o vi_o of_o france_n an_z 1380._o by_o the_o advice_n of_o pope_n clement_n and_o by_o his_o leave_n for_o he_o bear_v himself_o for_o her_o sovereign_n she_o adopt_a lewis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n brother_n to_o charles_n the_o v._o of_o france_n and_o head_n of_o the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n regent_n of_o france_n in_o the_o minority_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o vi_o from_o that_o adoption_n the_o french_a fetch_v their_o right_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n for_o from_o the_o offspring_n of_o that_o lewis_n the_o french_a king_n have_v inherit_v 4._o charles_n de_fw-fr duras_n after_o he_o have_v strangle_v queen_n jane_n seize_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n and_o reign_v in_o her_o stead_n and_o after_o he_o his_o two_o child_n first_o ladislaus_n who_o the_o french_a historian_n call_v lancelot_n and_o jane_n the_o second_o they_o three_o hold_v the_o state_n 53._o year_n from_o the_o year_n 1382._o till_o the_o year_n 1436._o but_o because_o jane_n the_o first_o a_o little_a afore_o her_o death_n have_v adopt_v lewi_n duke_n of_o anjou_n that_o house_n of_o duras_n have_v continual_a war_n with_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n lewis_n the_o i._o come_v to_o naples_n and_o there_o dye_v lewis_n the_o two_o his_o son_n have_v great_a war_n with_o ladislaus_n and_o for_o a_o time_n be_v master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o ladislaus_n be_v dead_a without_o issue_n a_o 1414._o his_o sister_n queen_n jane_n the_o second_o succeed_v he_o as_o bad_a a_o woman_n as_o the_o first_o jane_n for_o impudicity_fw-la and_o extravagancy_n she_o be_v degrade_v by_o the_o pope_n martin_n the_o v._o and_o lewis_n the_o iii_o grandchild_n of_o the_o first_o lewis_n of_o anjou_n name_v by_o he_o to_o reign_v in_o her_o place_n she_o adopt_a alphonsus_n king_n of_o arragon_n and_o sicily_n for_o her_o son_n with_o who_o that_o lewis_n the_o iii_o have_v great_a war_n and_o have_v sometime_o the_o better_a sometime_o the_o worst_a but_o jane_n be_v of_o a_o inconstant_a spirit_n despise_v alphonsus_n be_v altogether_o govern_v by_o her_o favourite_n john_n carraciolo_n which_o alphonsus_n not_o able_a to_o bear_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o city_n of_o naples_n upon_o which_o she_o cancel_v her_o will_n make_v in_o favour_n of_o alphonsus_n and_o instead_o of_o he_o adopt_a lewis_n the_o iv_o of_o anjou_n who_o before_o be_v her_o enemy_n that_o adoption_n make_v a_o 1422._o be_v the_o second_o ground_n of_o the_o claim_n of_o the_o french_a to_o naples_n and_o the_o seed_n of_o so_o many_o war_n and_o calamity_n and_o of_o the_o great_a division_n between_o the_o house_n of_o france_n and_o spain_n the_o spaniard_n maintain_v the_o first_o adoption_n as_o valid_a because_o alphonsus_n though_o accuse_v by_o jane_n of_o ungratefulness_n upon_o which_o she_o ground_v the_o disannul_n of_o his_o adoption_n do_v nothing_o as_o they_o say_v against_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o his_o adoptive_a mother_n but_o only_o go_v about_o to_o repress_v the_o extravagancy_n of_o that_o light-brained_a woman_n to_o have_v that_o part_n in_o her_o affair_n which_o by_o right_o belong_v to_o he_o and_o especial_o curb_v the_o insolency_n of_o carraciolo_n who_o keep_v a_o scandalous_a familiarity_n with_o that_o woman_n the_o french_a say_v that_o the_o second_o adoption_n be_v of_o more_o validity_n that_o the_o cause_n of_o ungratefulness_n be_v sufficient_a to_o break_v a_o adoption_n that_o alphonsus_n misuse_v his_o adoptive_a mother_n seize_v upon_o the_o city_n of_o naples_n besiege_v she_o and_o keep_v she_o shut_v up_o and_o do_v all_o act_n of_o sovereign_n to_o her_o contempt_n and_o disgrace_n 5._o this_o lewis_n the_o iv_o duke_n of_o anjou_n have_v recover_v naples_n enjoy_v it_o with_o some_o peace_n together_o with_o jane_n but_o die_v before_o she_o a_o 1434._o because_o he_o leave_v no_o issue_n she_o adopt_v his_o brother_n rené_fw-fr duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o herself_o soon_o after_o dye_v but_o rené_fw-fr being_n then_o keep_v prisoner_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n he_o can_v not_o go_v to_o receive_v his_o inheritance_n his_o wife_n elizabeth_n go_v but_o too_o late_a though_o at_o the_o first_o she_o get_v some_o advantage_n in_o the_o end_n alphonsus_n remain_v master_n and_o the_o party_n of_o anjou_n be_v quite_o expel_v out_o of_o the_o land_n only_a rené_fw-fr keep_v the_o possession_n of_o provence_n which_o be_v a_o appurtenance_n of_o that_o state_n for_o since_o the_o first_o adoption_n of_o lewis_n the_o i_o duke_n of_o anjou_n by_o queen_n jane_n the_o i._o that_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n have_v keep_v the_o possession_n of_o provence_n neither_o do_v charles_n de_fw-fr duras_n nor_o his_o child_n nor_o
alphonsus_n possess_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o 6._o rené_fw-fr die_v a_o 1480._o although_o his_o daughter_n yoland_n duchess_n of_o lorraine_n have_v leave_v child_n he_o leave_v the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o county_n of_o provence_n and_o of_o his_o right_n upon_o naples_n charles_n count_n du_fw-fr maine_n son_n to_o his_o brother_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o title_n and_o charles_n die_v likewise_o without_o issue_n leave_v lewis_n the_o xi_o his_o heir_n in_o all_o his_o state_n and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n successor_n to_o lewis_n lewis_n neglect_v to_o go_v to_o naples_n hold_v by_o ferdinand_n bastard_n of_o that_o alphonsus_n and_o by_o his_o child_n content_v himself_o to_o hold_v provence_n but_o his_o son_n charles_n the_o viii_o undertake_v the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n a_o 1493._o and_o after_o he_o lewis_z the_o xii_o and_o francis_n the_o i._o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n we_o shall_v see_v the_o several_a war_n partage_n and_o treaty_n between_o these_o two_o house_n for_o that_o kingdom_n so_o all_o the_o right_n of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n be_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n 1._o the_o investiture_n by_o urban_n the_o iv_o in_o favour_n of_o charles_n brother_n to_o st_n lewis_n a_o weak_a right_o if_o it_o be_v alone_o the_o french_a king_n have_v not_o succeed_v to_o that_o family_n by_o kindred_n for_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o any_o branch_n of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n do_v not_o therefore_o belong_v to_o france_n 2._o the_o adoption_n of_o lewis_n the_o first_o of_o the_o second_o house_n of_o anjou_n by_o queen_n jane_n the_o i._o by_o the_o counsel_n and_o leave_v of_o clement_n the_o vii_o who_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o france_n for_o a_o true_a pope_n by_o that_o adoption_n the_o right_a of_o naples_n fall_v to_o the_o house_n of_o anjou_n of_o which_o the_o french_a king_n have_v inherit_v 3._o the_o two_o adoption_n make_v by_o queen_n jane_n the_o ii_o first_o of_o lewis_n the_o iii_o duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o after_o he_o of_o his_o brother_n rené_fw-fr 4._o the_o will_n of_o charles_n count_n du_fw-fr maine_n who_o name_v lewis_n the_o xi_o his_o heir_n both_o of_o provence_n and_o of_o his_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o his_o successor_n king_n of_o france_n after_o he_o paragraphe_n viii_o of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n after_o the_o wrack_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n a_o 400._o all_o the_o country_n about_o the_o river_n of_o po_n towards_o the_o alps_n be_v take_v by_o theodorick_n goth_n and_o keep_v by_o his_o child_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 550._o that_o they_o be_v recover_v by_o belisarius_n and_o narses_n two_o captain_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n but_o soon_o after_o the_o same_o country_n be_v win_v by_o the_o ostrogoth_n king_n of_o italy_n and_o again_o by_o the_o lombard_n who_o settle_v a_o great_a state_n there_o and_o maintain_v it_o till_o the_o time_n of_o charlemain_n who_o destroy_v it_o an_z 774._o after_o which_o time_n all_o the_o town_n of_o those_o part_n be_v imperial_a belong_v to_o whosoever_o have_v the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n the_o house_n of_o charlemain_n be_v degenerate_v and_o have_v lose_v the_o empire_n after_o the_o year_n 900._o the_o empire_n be_v dispute_v between_o the_o italian_a and_o the_o german_a prince_n for_o 50_o year_n in_o the_o end_n the_o german_n have_v prevail_v in_o the_o person_n of_o otho_n the_o i_o &_o the_o emperor_n his_o successor_n have_v choose_v the_o seat_n of_o their_o empire_n in_o germany_n and_o be_v at_o odds_o many_o time_n with_o the_o pope_n their_o power_n sensible_o decay_v in_o italy_n and_o great_a part_n of_o the_o town_n of_o lombardy_n slip_v out_o of_o their_o dominion_n and_o choose_v to_o themselves_o italian_a lord_n the_o emperor_n retain_v the_o shadow_n only_o of_o sovereignty_n many_o also_o choose_v liberty_n &_o a_o popular_a state_n as_o sienna_n pisa_n florence_n genoa_n and_o other_o in_o these_o confusion_n the_o city_n of_o milan_n be_v usurp_v by_o the_o viscount_n of_o angleria_n a_o small_a place_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n who_o maintain_v themselves_o about_o six_o hundred_o year_n under_o that_o name_n and_o quality_n of_o viscount_n until_o the_o year_n 1497._o that_o the_o emperor_n wenceslaus_n not_o friderick_n as_o gassan_n say_v erect_v milan_n into_o a_o duchy_n the_o first_o duke_n be_v galeas_n the_o iii_o who_o have_v marry_v isabel_n daughter_n to_o john_n king_n of_o france_n that_o galeas_n have_v three_o son_n john_n maria_n that_o succeed_v he_o and_o die_v without_o issue_n philip_n maria_n that_o succeed_v his_o brother_n who_o likewise_o die_v without_o issue_n leave_v a_o bastard_n daughter_n name_v bona_n marry_v to_o francis_n sforza_n a_o soldier_n of_o fortune_n but_o a_o gallant_a man_n that_o first_o duke_n galeas_n beside_o these_o two_o son_n have_v a_o daughter_n call_v valentina_n marry_v to_o lewis_n duke_n of_o orleans_n son_n to_o charles_n the_o v._o king_n of_o france_n an_z 1398._o her_o father_n give_v she_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n for_o her_o portion_n with_o a_o million_o of_o liver_n wherewith_o the_o county_n of_o blois_n be_v buy_v chasteauduro_n soissons_fw-fr and_o other_o lordship_n and_o by_o the_o contract_n of_o matrimony_n it_o be_v declare_v that_o if_o the_o masculine_a line_n of_o galeas_n shall_v fail_v valentina_n and_o her_o child_n shall_v succeed_v in_o the_o duchy_n it_o be_v true_a that_o this_o clause_n have_v this_o great_a defect_n that_o the_o duchy_n be_v establish_v a_o masculine_a fee_n galeas_n can_v not_o make_v it_o feminine_a without_o the_o emperor_n leave_n which_o be_v not_o demand_v because_o the_o empire_n be_v then_o vacant_a by_o the_o degradation_n of_o wenceslaus_n who_o the_o elector_n depose_v for_o his_o idleness_n but_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o the_o pope_n benedict_n the_o xiii_o who_o then_o have_v his_o see_n at_o avignon_n approve_v that_o contract_n for_o that_o right_a the_o pope_n challenge_n in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o empire_n howsoever_o john_n maria_n and_o philip_n maria_n be_v dead_a without_o lawful_a issue_n none_o have_v more_o right_a to_o that_o succession_n than_o the_o child_n of_o valentina_n but_o that_o succession_n fall_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o confusion_n of_o france_n under_o charles_n the_o vii_o when_o the_o two_o son_n of_o valentina_n charles_n duke_n of_o orleans_n &_o john_n count_n of_o angoulesme_fw-fr be_v prisoner_n in_o england_n where_o the_o elder_a remain_v five_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o the_o second_o well_o nigh_o thirty_o in_o that_o long_a time_n it_o be_v easy_a for_o francis_n sforza_n who_o have_v marry_v bona_n the_o bastard_n daughter_n of_o duke_n philip_n maria_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o milan_n of_o which_o he_o procure_v and_o obtain_v the_o investiture_n from_o the_o emperor_n friderick_n the_o iv_o this_o francis_n sforza_n have_v two_o son_n who_o he_o leave_v to_o the_o tuition_n of_o his_o brother_n ludovick_n sforza_n so_o famous_a in_o the_o history_n of_o milan_n who_o have_v make_v away_o his_o pupil_n seize_v upon_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n and_o be_v expel_v out_o of_o it_o by_o lewis_n the_o xii_o king_n of_o france_n and_o since_o be_v take_v &_o carry_v to_o loches_n where_o he_o die_v in_o prison_n he_o leave_v two_o son_n maximilian_n who_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o swisser_n and_o since_o take_v by_o francis_n the_o i._o and_o die_v in_o france_n his_o other_o son_n be_v francis_n sforza_n the_o second_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n 1534._o so_o that_o house_n of_o sforza_n maintain_v the_o usurpation_n of_o mi._n an_o well_o nigh_o a_o hundred_o year_n among_o many_o war_n and_o division_n the_o lawful_a right_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o house_n of_o orleans_n with_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n which_o be_v part_n of_o that_o duchy_n but_o that_o right_o can_v not_o be_v prosecute_v 1._o in_o the_o desolation_n of_o the_o house_n of_o orleans_n and_o the_o great_a division_n between_o that_o house_n and_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n 2._o in_o the_o long_a inprisonment_n of_o the_o two_o prince_n of_o orleans_n 3._o in_o the_o great_a trouble_n of_o the_o state_n of_o france_n almost_o all_o the_o reign_n of_o charles_n the_o vii_o 4._o beside_o lewis_n the_o xi_o have_v many_o other_o business_n all_o his_o time_n neither_o do_v he_o love_v the_o house_n of_o orleans_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o his_o blood_n and_o of_o all_o thing_n he_o hate_v the_o war_n of_o italy_n whither_o he_o will_v never_o go_v neither_o for_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n nor_o for_o the_o receive_v the_o city_n of_o genoa_n that_o give_v herself_o to_o he_o 5._o all_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o viii_o be_v spend_v in_o civil_a war_n or_o in_o the_o conquest_n
of_o naples_n and_o lewis_n the_o xii_o grandchild_n of_o valentina_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n a_o 1498_o have_v no_o more_o in_o the_o duchy_n but_o the_o county_n of_o ast_n the_o rest_n be_v hold_v by_o ludovick_n sforza_n son_n to_o the_o invader_n francis_n and_z himself_z invader_n of_o the_o state_n of_o his_o nephew_n but_o lewis_n follow_v his_o right_n come_v to_o milan_n take_v it_o and_o expel_v ludovic_n who_o return_v not_o long_o after_o enter_v into_o milan_n but_o there_o be_v sudden_o invest_v by_o lewis_n he_o be_v take_v carry_v into_o france_n where_o he_o die_v a_o prisoner_n lewis_n remain_v master_n of_o the_o duchy_n but_o because_o ludovic_n have_v two_o son_n protect_v in_o germany_n by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n i._n lewis_n to_o strengthen_v his_o right_n make_v mean_n to_o win_v the_o emperor_n favour_n of_o who_o in_o the_o end_n he_o obtain_v two_o investiture_n of_o that_o duchy_n the_o one_o an._n 1506_o for_o lewis_n and_o his_o child_n and_o lawful_a heir_n and_o lewis_n for_o the_o acknowledgement_n of_o this_o investiture_n pay_v he_o sixty_o thousand_o liver_n and_o promise_v to_o give_v he_o every_o year_n a_o pair_n of_o golden_a spur_n at_o christmas_n also_o in_o that_o investiture_n the_o exclusion_n of_o sforza_n be_v precise_o express_v and_o a_o marriage_n conclude_v between_o charles_n the_o grandchild_n of_o maximilian_n who_o since_o be_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o v._o and_o claude_n the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o lewis_n the_o xii_o which_o also_o be_v comprehend_v in_o that_o investiture_n the_o other_o be_v a_o 1509._o whereby_o the_o same_o emperor_n confirm_v the_o former_a investiture_n with_o a_o condition_n of_o the_o marriage_n between_o charles_n and_o claude_n which_o indeed_o be_v not_o effect_v but_o that_o hinder_v not_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o investiture_n which_o be_v absolute_a the_o first_o at_o least_o by_o virtue_n of_o that_o right_n lewis_n remain_v possess_v of_o that_o 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first_o yield_v his_o right_n as_o we_o will_v relate_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n to_o sum_v up_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o french_a upon_o milan_n they_o be_v ground_v 1._o upon_o the_o contract_n of_o marriage_n of_o valentina_n who_o be_v substitute_v heir_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o lawful_a heir_n male_a fail_v and_o the_o contract_n be_v valid_a as_o confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o empire_n 2._o the_o investiture_n give_v by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n in_o favour_n of_o lewis_n the_o xii_o and_o his_o heir_n yea_o of_o claude_n and_o her_o child_n 3._o the_o second_o investiture_n a_fw-fr 1509._o 4._o francis_n the_o i._o have_v yield_v all_o his_o right_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n cambray_n and_o crespy_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v afterward_o one_o may_v say_v that_o beside_o the_o nullity_n of_o that_o session_n by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o kingdom_n francis_n may_v have_v quit_v the_o right_a that_o come_v to_o he_o by_o his_o great_a grandmother_n valentina_n but_o that_o he_o have_v not_o quit_v that_o which_o come_v to_o his_o child_n by_o claude_n his_o wife_n who_o be_v daughter_n of_o lewis_n the_o xii_o have_v for_o she_o and_o her_o issue_n the_o right_n of_o investiture_n both_o of_o 1505._o and_o 1509._o which_v her_o husband_n can_v not_o take_v from_o she_o and_o francis_n make_v use_v of_o this_o reason_n among_o the_o nullity_n which_o he_o object_v against_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n in_o what_o time_n these_o cession_n be_v make_v and_o of_o what_o strength_n they_o be_v the_o next_o chapter_n will_v show_v the_o commonwealth_n of_o genoa_n have_v also_o some_o dependence_n from_o the_o king_n of_o france_n that_o city_n with_o the_o country_n depend_v from_o it_o have_v shake_v the_o yoke_n of_o the_o emperor_n as_o the_o other_o commonwealth_n of_o italy_n while_o the_o italian_a and_o german_a prince_n be_v contend_v for_o the_o empire_n form_v itself_o into_o a_o most_o flourish_v state_n in_o the_o war_n of_o the_o east_n and_o conquest_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n genoa_n be_v very_o considerable_a no_o less_o than_o the_o venetian_n and_o pisans_n possess_v many_o country_n in_o the_o levant_n the_o i_o will_v of_o chio_n the_o town_n of_o capha_n upon_o mar_n major_n in_o taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o other_o but_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v weaken_v by_o the_o jealousy_n of_o two_o potent_a family_n the_o fregosi_n and_o the_o adorni_n the_o state_n submit_v itself_o unto_o charles_n the_o vi_o of_o france_n an_z 1390._o who_o take_v they_o under_o his_o protection_n send_v to_o they_o the_o marshal_n of_o boulicaut_n who_o receive_v their_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n but_o great_a confusion_n be_v rise_v in_o france_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o weakness_n of_o charles_n the_o vi_o for_o 29._o year_n by_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o by_o the_o extremity_n that_o charles_n the_o vii_o be_v bring_v to_o that_o right_a over_o genoa_n be_v neglect_v but_o in_o the_o year_n 1458._o the_o same_o genoese_a be_v oppress_v with_o their_o own_o division_n send_v peter_n fregosa_n into_o france_n to_o charles_n the_o vii_o who_o receive_v they_o under_o his_o protection_n and_o send_v they_o john_n duke_n of_o lorraine_n elder_a son_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o after_o charles_n the_o vii_o have_v again_o give_v themselves_o to_o lewis_n the_o vi_o some_o historian_n say_v that_o he_o neglect_v that_o conquest_n so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o john_n galeas_n duke_n of_o milan_n other_o say_v that_o lewis_n the_o xi_o invest_v that_o galeas_n in_o the_o lordship_n of_o genoa_n upon_o condition_n of_o do_v homage_n for_o it_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n and_o charles_n the_o viii_o pass_v to_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n invest_v against_o ludovick_n sforza_n in_o the_o same_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o vercel_n a_o 1494_o he_o pay_v thirty_o thousand_o ducat_n of_o entry_n in_o consideration_n of_o the_o auxiliary_a force_n which_o ludovick_n promise_v unto_o charles_n for_o the_o conquest_n of_o naples_n after_o charles_n the_o city_n of_o genoa_n remain_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n as_o dukes_z of_o milan_n and_o lewis_n the_o xii_o make_v a_o triumphant_a entry_n into_o it_o and_o receive_v of_o they_o all_o the_o honour_n and_o deference_n of_o subject_n to_o a_o sovereign_n a_o 1502._o and_o give_v they_o a_o governor_n john_n of_o cleves_n his_o kinsman_n but_o a_o 1527._o while_n charles_n the_o v._o and_z francis_z the_o i_o be_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o their_o quarrel_n the_o city_n of_o naples_n be_v besiege_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr lautree_fw-fr andrew_n doria_n of_o genoa_n subject_n to_o the_o french_a king_n and_o general_n of_o his_o fleet_n be_v ill_o satisfy_v of_o francis_n the_o i_o revolt_v from_o he_o turn_v to_o the_o emperor_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o naples_n the_o emperor_n to_o win_v he_o to_o his_o service_n offer_v he_o la_o cart_n blanch_v that_o be_v what_o condition_n soever_o he_o will_v have_v the_o first_o demand_n of_o andrew_n be_v the_o liberty_n of_o his_o city_n which_o he_o obtain_v and_o it_o be_v free_v from_o all_o subjection_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n but_o if_o the_o french_a have_v any_o right_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n they_o have_v the_o like_a in_o genoa_n for_o charles_n the_o v._o can_v not_o cut_v off_o that_o limb_n from_o it_o since_o it_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o he_o paragraphe_n ix_o of_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n these_o two_o county_n be_v ancient_o before_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o roman_n part_n of_o gallia_n belgica_n and_o so_o under_o that_o empire_n and_o under_o the_o first_o and_o second_o race_n of_o the_o french_a king_n till_o that_o famous_a partage_n of_o the_o child_n of_o lewis_n
the_o xii_o have_v make_v a_o little_a before_o he_o die_v 2._o his_o next_o work_n be_v the_o conquest_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n he_o pass_v into_o italy_n and_o win_v the_o battle_n of_o marignan_n in_o piedmont_n against_o the_o swisser_n who_o have_v undertake_v to_o maintain_v maximilian_n sforza_n in_o his_o new_a possession_n of_o milan_n which_o they_o have_v get_v for_o he_o he_o get_v milan_n maximilian_n sforza_n yield_v himself_o to_o he_o for_o a_o pension_n of_o threescore_o thousand_o crown_n and_o retire_v himself_o into_o france_n this_o be_v the_o three_o time_n that_o the_o french_a have_v get_v milan_n of_o the_o sforza_n 3._o francis_n and_o charles_n be_v both_o young_a and_o ambitious_a it_o can_v not_o be_v expect_v that_o they_o shall_v long_o live_v in_o peace_n because_o charles_n be_v bear_v a_o subject_n to_o france_n keep_v navarra_n which_o the_o house_n of_o albret_n have_v lose_v for_o adhere_v to_o france_n then_o ferdinand_n have_v expel_v the_o french_a out_o of_o naples_n wrongful_o say_v they_o this_o ferdinand_n die_v a_o 1516._o and_o charles_n inherit_v all_o these_o great_a state_n exalt_v to_o the_o height_n of_o greatness_n want_v nothing_o but_o the_o empire_n and_o austria_n which_o his_o grandfather_n maximilian_n leave_v he_o by_o his_o death_n three_o year_n after_o in_o the_o birth_n of_o these_o two_o eminent_a power_n which_o have_v cost_v so_o much_o blood_n and_o tear_n to_o the_o christian_a world_n before_o they_o have_v conceive_v that_o great_a hatred_n which_o be_v between_o they_o after_o the_o deputy_n of_o both_o side_n meet_v at_o noyon_n and_o this_o be_v call_v the_o treaty_n of_o noyon_n a_o 1516_o where_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o francis_n shall_v yield_v all_o his_o right_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n for_o a_o yearly_a pension_n of_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n 2._o that_o charles_n then_o call_v the_o archiduke_n shall_v marry_v lovise_v the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o francis_n instead_o of_o renee_n sister_n to_o the_o queen_n claude_n 3._o that_o the_o archduke_n shall_v restore_v the_o kingdom_n of_o navarra_n to_o henry_n son_n to_z john_n d'_fw-fr albret_n or_o in_o defect_n of_o it_o that_o he_o shall_v otherwise_o content_v he_o within_o six_o month_n the_o king_n and_o the_o archduke_n swear_v that_o treaty_n and_o give_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n the_o king_n that_o of_o st._n michael_n the_o archduke_n that_o of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n make_v a_o alliance_n for_o ever_o and_o to_o confirm_v it_o promise_v to_o have_v a_o interview_n at_o cambray_n but_o ferdinand_n be_v dead_a soon_o after_o charles_n made_z have_v to_o pass_v into_o spain_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o neglect_v the_o article_n of_o noyon_n especial_o the_o restitution_n of_o navarra_n 4._o yet_o for_o three_o year_n after_o nothing_o be_v stir_v on_o either_o side_n because_o martin_n luther_n have_v alarm_v all_o europe_n with_o his_o doctrine_n the_o pope_n leo_n the_o x_o procure_v a_o general_a truce_n for_o five_o year_n among_o all_o prince_n but_o maximilian_n the_o emperonr_n be_v dead_a a_o 1519._o and_o charles_n be_v increase_v with_o the_o inheritance_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n francis_n the_o i._o conceive_v a_o great_a indignation_n that_o a_o vassal_n of_o he_o shall_v have_v be_v prefer_v before_o he_o to_o the_o empire_n which_o he_o have_v be_v a_o suitor_n for_o with_o great_a earnestness_n which_o jealousy_n will_v never_o suffer_v these_o two_o prince_n to_o agree_v 5._o each_o of_o they_o have_v a_o great_a minister_n of_o state_n by_o their_o person_n francis_n have_v artus_n gouffier_n sieur_n de_fw-fr boissi_n great_a master_n of_o france_n charles_n have_v be_v breed_v by_o guillaume_n the_o crovy_a sieur_n de_fw-fr ceures_fw-fr who_o lewis_n the_o xii_o have_v recommend_v to_o he_o these_o two_o foresee_v the_o misfortune_n which_o the_o ambition_n of_o these_o two_o prince_n be_v draw_v upon_o christendom_n resolve_v to_o meet_v to_o make_v a_o peace_n and_o alliance_n for_o ever_o montpelier_n be_v the_o place_n choose_v for_o that_o meeting_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o boissi_n be_v come_v and_o begin_v to_o treat_v with_o ceure_n he_o fall_v into_o a_o fever_n and_o die_v leave_v that_o great_a work_n imperfect_a which_o no_o body_n since_o be_v able_a to_o finish_v paragraphe_n iii_o from_o the_o death_n of_o maximilian_n a_o 1519._o to_o the_o treaty_n of_o madrid_n a_o 1525._o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n charles_n be_v make_v possessor_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v possess_v before_o of_o the_o inheritance_n of_o burgundy_n arragon_n and_o castilia_n a_o greatness_n which_o swell_v his_o mind_n and_o make_v he_o loose_v his_o respect_n to_o francis_n he_o complain_v that_o francis_n have_v take_v claude_n from_o he_o the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o lewis_n the_o xii_o which_o be_v promise_v to_o he_o francis_n redemanded_a navarra_n naples_n and_o the_o homage_v for_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n which_o charles_n take_v to_o be_v too_o low_a for_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o emperor_n charles_n also_o complain_v that_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n the_o patrimony_n of_o his_o grandmother_n mary_n be_v keep_v from_o he_o and_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n belong_v to_o the_o sforza_n and_o to_o the_o empire_n the_o great_a fire_n of_o war_n which_o last_v forty_o year_n between_o these_o two_o house_n break_v our_o upon_o a_o very_a slender_a occasion_n robert_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr march_n duke_n of_o bovillon_n adjudgd_v by_o the_o peer_n of_o his_o duchy_n which_o pretend_v themselves_o to_o be_v sovereign_n the_o town_n of_o hierges_n in_o ardennes_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o chimay_n of_o the_o house_n of_o crovi_n against_o the_o lord_n d'_fw-fr esmery_n to_o who_o the_o emperor_n give_v a_o writ_n of_o relief_n although_o robert_n pretend_v the_o judgement_n of_o his_o peer_n to_o be_v sovereign_a robert_n incense_v against_o the_o emperor_n make_v his_o address_n to_o francis_n the_o i_o and_o offer_v he_o his_o service_n the_o king_n receive_v he_o courteous_o yet_o forbid_v his_o subject_n to_o assist_v he_o not_o willing_a to_o break_v with_o the_o emperor_n but_o robert_n proud_a to_o have_v the_o protection_n of_o france_n denounce_v war_n to_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v then_o at_o worm_n to_o pacify_v the_o trouble_n rise_v in_o germany_n about_o luther_n and_o attempt_n to_o surprise_v some_o place_n in_o luxemburg_n but_o the_o emperor_n present_o seize_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o that_o little_a prince_n and_o constrain_v he_o to_o ask_v he_o pardon_v reproach_v francis_n in_o a_o odious_a manner_n for_o receive_v his_o rebellious_a subject_n about_o the_o same_o time_n francis_n upon_o the_o inexecution_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o noyon_n charles_n refuse_v to_o make_v restitution_n of_o navarra_n to_o henry_n d'_fw-fr albret_n take_v the_o quarrel_n of_o that_o dispossess_v prince_n and_o send_v andrew_n de_fw-fr foix_n lord_n de_fw-fr esparre_n brother_n to_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr lautre_fw-fr into_o navarra_n where_o the_o french_a do_v some_o exploit_n at_o the_o first_o but_o be_v soon_o repel_v by_o the_o spaniard_n charles_n take_v that_o enterprise_n for_o a_o infraction_n of_o the_o peace_n between_o the_o two_o house_n though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o succour_n give_v to_o a_o confederate_n of_o france_n to_o prosecute_v his_o right_n he_o make_v great_a preparative_n of_o war_n make_v leo_n the_o x_o break_v which_o the_o france_n &_o join_v with_o he_o promise_v that_o after_o the_o conquest_n of_o milan_n he_o will_v give_v to_o the_o church_n the_o town_n of_o parma_n and_o placentia_n member_n of_o that_o duchy_n to_o which_o the_o pope_n have_v some_o old_a pretence_n such_o be_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o first_o war_n between_o francis_n and_o charles_n a_o 1521._o the_o first_o three_o or_o four_o year_n there_o be_v great_a exploit_n in_o champagne_n in_o navarra_n in_o provence_n and_o in_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n in_o tierasche_n the_o emperor_n take_v mouzon_n and_o besiege_a mezieres_n which_o anne_n the_o mommorency_n who_o since_o be_v constable_n of_o france_n and_o chevalier_n bayard_n defend_v brave_o and_o francis_n take_v bapaume_n and_o landrecy_n from_o the_o emperor_n and_o give_v he_o the_o chase_n in_o navarra_n the_o french_a have_v advance_v but_o little_a in_o the_o year_n 1519._o and_o 1520._o but_o in_o the_o year_n 1521._o the_o admiral_n of_o bonnivet_n besiege_v fontarabie_n and_o take_v it_o and_o make_v mounseur_fw-fr du_fw-fr lude_n governor_n of_o the_o same_o who_o be_v besiege_v a_o whole_a year_n by_o the_o spaniard_n defend_v it_o with_o great_a valour_n till_o la_fw-fr palisse_n since_o marshal_v of_o france_n make_v they_o forsake_v the_o siege_n but_o frauget_n a_o old_a captain_n be_v
present_o the_o war_n of_o the_o league_n begin_v in_o italy_n at_o milan_n at_o rome_n and_o at_o naples_n at_o milan_n the_o duke_n of_o bourbon_n general_n of_o the_o imperial_a army_n besiege_v francis_n sforza_n who_o the_o league_n have_v take_v in_o her_o protection_n sforza_n be_v constrain_v to_o surrender_v the_o castle_n and_o retire_v into_o the_o army_n of_o the_o league_n the_o general_n whereof_o be_v francisco_n maria_n duke_n of_o urbino_n the_o duke_n of_o bourbon_n have_v take_v milan_n go_v straight_o to_o rome_n take_v it_o and_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o assault_n the_o cardinal_n be_v imprison_v and_o ransom_v at_o the_o same_o time_n lautree_n be_v at_o naples_n with_o a_o army_n and_o lay_v a_o strait_a siege_n to_o it_o by_o land_n and_o andrew_n doria_n with_o the_o galley_n of_o france_n besiege_v it_o by_o sea_n yea_o he_o win_v a_o battle_n by_o sea_n in_o which_o moncado_n viceroy_n of_o naples_n be_v stain_v but_o be_v ill_o satisfy_v of_o king_n francis_n who_o deny_v he_o the_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n and_o use_v he_o with_o contempt_n he_o turn_v to_o the_o emperor_n and_o relieve_v naples_n with_o victual_n by_o sea_n and_o lautree_n present_o after_o happen_v to_o die_v the_o french_a lose_v all_o in_o italy_n and_o the_o emperor_n settle_v himself_o in_o it_o with_o more_o power_n he_o restore_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n to_o sforza_n and_o make_v he_o marry_v his_o niece_n christina_n daughter_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n yet_o he_o cut_v off_o from_o that_o duchy_n the_o common_a wealth_n of_o genoa_n which_o be_v make_v sovereign_a at_o the_o request_n of_o andrew_n doria_n he_o confirm_v also_o parma_n and_o placentia_n to_o the_o pope_n 4._o while_o this_o war_n be_v in_o italy_n king_n francis_n make_v a_o league_n with_o henry_n the_o viii_o of_o england_n and_o both_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o emperor_n who_o have_v say_v to_o the_o herald_n of_o france_n that_o his_o master_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o declare_v war_n against_o he_o till_o he_o have_v disengage_v his_o faith_n and_o fulfil_v his_o promise_n which_o if_o he_o repent_v of_o that_o he_o shall_v return_v into_o prison_n to_o make_v a_o new_a treaty_n king_n francis_n exasperate_v with_o these_o word_n declare_v in_o presence_n of_o all_o the_o court_n that_o he_o will_v satisfy_v the_o emperor_n by_o a_o duel_n and_o send_v he_o a_o challenge_n say_v that_o the_o emperor_n lie_v if_o he_o say_v that_o he_o have_v break_v his_o word_n the_o emperor_n though_o he_o make_v a_o show_n to_o answer_v the_o challenge_n keep_v himself_o still_o to_o his_o answer_n that_o king_n francis_n be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o require_v satisfaction_n of_o he_o till_o he_o have_v discharge_v his_o promise_n so_o all_o these_o threaten_n vanish_v into_o smoke_n 5._o while_o these_o prince_n be_v thus_o contend_v two_o great_a princess_n lovise_v the_o king_n mother_n and_z margaret_z the_o emperor_n aunt_n be_v labour_v for_o a_o accommodation_n by_o their_o mean_n the_o treaty_n of_o cambray_n be_v make_v which_o therefore_o be_v call_v the_o treaty_n of_o lady_n it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1529._o by_o that_o treaty_n a_o marriage_n be_v conclude_v between_o king_n francis_n and_o eleanor_n the_o emperor_n sister_n widow_n to_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n and_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o king_n francis_n shall_v pay_v two_o million_o of_o gold_n for_o the_o ransom_n of_o his_o son_n and_o that_o he_o shall_v disclaim_v all_o his_o right_n to_o the_o county_n of_o flanders_n and_o artois_n and_o to_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o as_o some_o add_v to_o whole_a italy_n which_o be_v like_a enough_o since_o the_o treaty_n of_o cambray_n change_v nothing_o in_o that_o of_o madrid_n but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o burgundy_n paragraphe_n v._o from_o the_o treaty_n of_o cambray_n a_o 1529._o to_o that_o of_o crespy_n a_o 1544._o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o cambray_n war_n cease_v between_o these_o two_o prince_n but_o not_o the_o jealousy_n and_o hatred_n yet_o they_o keep_v peace_n till_o the_o year_n 1533._o when_v merville_n a_o italian_a gentleman_n the_o king_n servant_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v at_o milan_n because_o some_o of_o his_o servant_n have_v kill_v a_o man_n but_o the_o secret_a and_o true_a reason_n be_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v complain_v to_o duke_n sforza_n that_o this_o merville_n be_v at_o milan_n as_o a_o spy_n for_o the_o french_a which_o be_v true_a yea_o he_o be_v a_o secret_a ambassador_n and_o sforza_n have_v desire_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o open_o take_v the_o title_n of_o ambassador_n for_o fear_v of_o offend_v the_o emperor_n that_o murder_n of_o merville_n break_v the_o peace_n for_o the_o king_n take_v arm_n to_o chastise_v sforza_n the_o emperor_n also_o take_v arm_n to_o defend_v he_o it_o be_v at_o that_o time_n that_o king_n francis_n institute_v a_o new_a form_n of_o militia_n which_o be_v call_v legionary_a the_o emperor_n also_o be_v incense_v by_o the_o alliance_n which_o the_o king_n have_v make_v with_o the_o german_a prince_n protestant_n though_o perhaps_o that_o name_n be_v not_o yet_o in_o fashion_n who_o be_v persecute_v by_o the_o emperor_n for_o their_o religion_n on_o have_v their_o refuge_n to_o the_o french_a king_n as_o the_o ancient_a confederate_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o prince_n be_v the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n the_o palatine_a the_o duke_n of_o bavier_n the_o duke_n of_o wertenberg_n the_o landgrave_n of_o hesse_n yea_o he_o lend_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o virtenberg_n who_o engage_v to_o he_o the_o county_n of_o montbeliard_n but_o that_o engagement_n be_v simulate_v and_o francis_n do_v very_o willing_o assist_v the_o enemy_n of_o charles_n these_o be_v the_o motive_n and_o occasion_n of_o this_o war._n of_o which_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a passage_n 1._o francis_z to_o pass_v to_o milan_n demand_n of_o charles_n duke_n of_o savoy_n passage_n through_o his_o country_n the_o duke_n deny_v it_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o beatrix_n of_o portugal_n his_o wife_n sister_n in_o law_n to_o the_o emperor_n &_o very_o partial_a for_o he_o that_o denial_n cost_v the_o duke_n the_o loss_n of_o all_o his_o land_n both_o of_o savoy_n and_o piedmont_n which_o the_o king_n take_v and_o keep_v they_o till_o the_o treaty_n of_o chasteau_n in_o cambresis_n a_o 1559._o the_o pretence_n of_o that_o invasion_n be_v the_o right_n which_o francis_n pretend_v in_o these_o state_n from_o his_o mother_n lovise_v of_o savoy_n a_o little_a before_o that_o invasion_n the_o emperor_n see_v that_o thick_a cloud_n threaten_v milan_n himself_o return_v from_o tunis_n with_o a_o weary_a and_o break_a army_n send_v to_o the_o k._n proposition_n of_o peace_n &_o many_o fair_a word_n yet_o he_o stand_v so_o stiff_o upon_o the_o treaty_n before_o very_o advantageous_a for_o he_o that_o the_o king_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o he_o perceive_v that_o he_o will_v only_o protract_v the_o time_n till_o he_o have_v recrewt_v his_o army_n beside_o francis_n sforza_n be_v dead_a without_o child_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o emperor_n have_v seize_v upon_o the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n and_o it_o be_v report_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o bestow_v it_o upon_o a_o son_n of_o portugal_n his_o wife_n brother_n for_o these_o reason_n these_o two_o prince_n fall_v to_o action_n the_o king_n conquer_v savoy_n and_o piedmont_n and_o the_o emperor_n fortify_v himself_o at_o milan_n 2._o the_o emperor_n pass_v into_o italy_n visit_v the_o pope_n paul_n iii_n a_o 1536_o and_o in_o presence_n of_o the_o conclave_n inveigh_v against_o francis_n relate_v all_o that_o past_a between_o they_o ever_o since_o they_o come_v to_o their_o state_n reproach_v he_o especial_o for_o join_v with_o the_o prince_n of_o contrary_a religion_n in_o germany_n and_o offer_v three_o condition_n to_o the_o king_n to_o choose_v which_o he_o will_v the_o first_o be_v to_o give_v the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n to_o the_o king_n three_o son_n the_o duke_n of_o angoulesme_fw-fr not_o willing_a to_o give_v it_o either_o to_o the_o dolphin_n or_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o orleans_n for_o fear_n say_v he_o of_o give_v jealousy_n to_o the_o italian_a prince_n if_o person_n so_o near_o the_o crown_n grow_v so_o powerful_a in_o italy_n especial_o the_o duke_n of_o orleans_n who_o have_v late_o marry_v catherine_n de_fw-fr medicis_n which_o have_v some_o pretence_n upon_o florence_n and_o urbino_n if_o the_o king_n accept_v that_o condition_n he_o desire_v to_o know_v what_o assistance_n he_o will_v give_v he_o against_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o heretic_n the_o emperor_n second_o offer_n be_v to_o fight_v a_o duel_n with_o
be_v displease_v to_o the_o college_n of_o cardinal_n join_v with_o the_o emperor_n for_o the_o dispossess_v of_o octavio_n who_o put_v himself_o in_o henry_n the_o two_o his_o protection_n and_o that_o king_n powerful_o assist_v he_o both_o against_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o emperor_n and_o be_v at_o such_o odds_o with_o the_o pope_n as_o to_o prohibit_v the_o bring_n of_o any_o money_n out_o of_o france_n to_o rome_n at_o which_o the_o pope_n amaze_v desire_a peace_n of_o the_o king_n and_o desist_v to_o oppose_v octavio_n yea_o and_o cause_v the_o emperor_n to_o restore_v placentia_n to_o octavio_n since_o which_o time_n octavio_n and_o his_o successor_n have_v enjoy_v parma_n and_o placentia_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o king_n protect_v also_o the_o prince_n of_o mirandola_n who_o the_o pope_n will_v oppress_v before_o that_o time_n a_o 1545._o the_o emperor_n get_v a_o great_a victory_n over_o the_o protestant_a prince_n of_o germany_n their_o two_o chief_a man_n friderick_n elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o philip_n landgrave_n of_o hâ—sse_n be_v take_v prisoner_n whereby_o the_o protestant_a party_n be_v so_o humble_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1550._o they_o implore_v the_o help_n of_o henry_n the_o two_o of_o france_n who_o pass_v into_o germany_n to_o relieve_v they_o the_o constable_n of_o montmorency_n in_o his_o way_n seize_v upon_o the_o town_n of_o metz_n toul_n and_o verdus_n upon_o the_o right_n which_o we_o have_v set_v down_o in_o the_o three_o chapter_n that_o enterprise_n of_o henry_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o protestant_n make_v the_o emperor_n conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o they_o in_o haste_n so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v come_v to_o strasburg_n be_v desire_v by_o they_o to_o return_v because_o they_o be_v agree_v with_o the_o emperor_n return_v from_o germany_n he_o take_v many_o town_n in_o lutzenburg_n rochemar_n danvilliers_n ivoy_n bovillon_n and_o the_o emperor_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 1551._o besiege_v metz_n so_o well_o defend_v by_o francis_n duke_n of_o guise_n that_o the_o siege_n be_v raise_v the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o year_n 1552_o terrovenne_n be_v take_v and_o raze_v by_o the_o emperor_n the_o people_n of_o sienna_n fear_v lest_o that_o cosmo_n de_fw-fr medicis_n duke_n of_o florence_n shall_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n have_v put_v themselves_o into_o the_o emperor_n hand_n hope_v that_o he_o will_v bring_v they_o in_o their_o liberty_n but_o see_v that_o he_o will_v bring_v they_o under_o the_o subjection_n of_o cosmo_n they_o call_v henry_n the_o two_o to_o their_o help_n who_o give_v they_o blaise_n de_fw-fr montlue_n for_o their_o governor_n who_o since_o be_v marshal_n of_o france_n in_o his_o commentary_n he_o have_v describe_v how_o that_o city_n be_v besiege_v but_o in_o the_o end_n they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o florentine_a in_o the_o year_n 1555._o the_o emperor_n charles_n resign_v the_o imperial_a crown_n to_o his_o brother_n ferdinand_n and_o all_o his_o other_o estate_n to_o his_o son_n philip_n the_o ii_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n between_o henry_n and_o philip_n be_v move_v near_o ardres_n and_o perfect_v near_o cambray_n a_o 1556._o for_o ten_o year_n and_o swear_v by_o the_o two_o king_n feb._n 6._o but_o present_o after_o the_o death_n of_o juliet_n the_o iii_o and_o the_o pontificat_fw-la of_o marcel_n the_o ii_o which_o last_v but_o two_o and_o twenty_o day_n the_o peace_n be_v break_v upon_o the_o election_n of_o paul_n the_o iv_o a_o neapolitan_a of_o the_o house_n of_o caraffa_n ally_v to_o that_o of_o melpha_n which_o have_v always_o be_v of_o the_o french_a faction_n and_o be_v odious_a to_o the_o spaniard_n who_o use_v all_o their_o power_n to_o hinder_v his_o election_n and_o when_o in_o spite_n of_o they_o he_o be_v elect_v they_o raise_v two_o powerful_a family_n of_o rome_n against_o he_o the_o columna_n and_o the_o vitelly_n who_o revolt_v against_o the_o pope_n be_v assist_v by_o philip._n the_o king_n send_v help_v to_o the_o pope_n so_o the_o truce_n be_v break_v many_o exploit_n of_o arm_n be_v do_v about_o rome_n but_o octob._n 14._o 1557_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o spaniard_n agree_v and_o henry_n call_v his_o army_n back_o but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n philip_n have_v marry_v queen_n mary_n of_o england_n make_v his_o wife_n declare_v war_n to_o henry_n by_o a_o herald_n of_o arm_n who_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o at_o reims_n whence_o follow_v many_o various_a effect_n of_o war_n in_o picardy_n and_o champagne_n till_o the_o memorable_a battle_n of_o saint_n guintin_n lose_v by_o the_o french_a an_z 1557._o where_o the_o constable_n be_v take_v but_o francis_n duke_n of_o guise_n new_o return_v from_o italy_n revive_v the_o sad_a condition_n of_o france_n by_o the_o take_n of_o calais_n guines_n the_o land_n of_o oye_n and_o the_o town_n of_o thionville_n the_o two_o army_n of_o these_o two_o prince_n be_v both_o in_o sight_n one_o of_o another_o in_o picardy_n near_o the_o river_n of_o somme_n the_o constable_n of_o france_n and_o the_o martial_a saint_n andrew_n both_o prisoner_n of_o the_o spaniard_n the_o pope_n nuntio_n and_o christina_n dowager_n of_o lorraine_n cosen-german_a to_o philip_n manage_v a_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v at_o chasteau_n in_o cambresis_n in_o february_n 1559._o by_o the_o first_o article_n of_o that_o treaty_n the_o french_a king_n be_v to_o execute_v religious_o all_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o charles_n the_o v._o and_z francis_z the_o i._o whereby_o they_o understand_v the_o cession_n make_v of_o naples_n milan_n flanders_n and_o artois_n unless_o the_o present_a treaty_n do_v contradict_v it_o but_o that_o treaty_n mention_v only_o the_o restitution_n of_o the_o town_n take_v on_o both_o side_n and_o the_o rendition_n of_o the_o state_n of_o savoy_n and_o piedmont_n to_o philibert_n emanuel_n duke_n of_o savoy_n also_o by_o that_o treaty_n a_o marriage_n be_v agree_v on_o between_o philip_n then_o new_o a_o widower_n by_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n mary_n of_o england_n and_o elizabeth_n daughter_n to_o henry_n the_o ii_o which_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v call_v the_o queen_n of_o peace_n in_o the_o celebration_n of_o that_o marriage_n henry_n the_o two_o be_v slay_v paragraphe_n vii_o from_o the_o peace_n of_o chasteau_n in_o cambresis_n 1559._o to_o the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alenson_n 1584._o there_o be_v no_o open_a war_n between_o the_o two_o crown_n all_o that_o time_n which_o comprehend_v the_o reign_n of_o francis_n the_o two_o charles_n the_o ix_o and_o great_a part_n of_o that_o of_o henry_n the_o iii_o but_o by_o the_o virtue_n of_o that_o queen_n of_o peace_n the_o union_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o trouble_n of_o religion_n be_v rise_v in_o france_n philip_n assist_v the_o french_a king_n with_o his_o arm_n under_o francis_n the_o ii_o in_o this_o reign_n of_o ninteen_o month_n the_o history_n observe_v two_o notable_a thing_n which_o be_v much_o for_o our_o purpose_n 1._o the_o state_n of_o france_n be_v in_o trouble_n at_o the_o entry_n of_o this_o reign_n by_o the_o great_a favour_n of_o the_o guise_n uncle_n to_o queen_n mary_n of_o scotland_n wife_n to_o francis_n the_o two_o and_o by_o the_o queen-mother_n catherine_n de_fw-fr medicis_n who_o take_v the_o regency_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o antony_n of_o bourbon_n king_n of_o navarra_n and_o first_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o france_n after_o the_o king_n brother_n who_o be_v keep_v low_o and_o all_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n with_o he_o seem_v to_o threaten_v france_n of_o a_o civil_a war._n philip_n the_o two_o consider_v that_o state_n of_o france_n send_v to_o francis_n the_o two_o a_o letter_n which_o be_v read_v in_o the_o council_n whereby_o he_o say_v that_o he_o have_v hear_v how_o some_o great_a man_n of_o france_n be_v ill_o satisfy_v of_o the_o government_n establish_v by_o he_o his_o brother_n in_o law_n francis_n threaten_v his_o state_n of_o a_o civil_a war._n that_o he_o philip_n be_v ready_a to_o employ_v all_o his_o force_n and_o his_o life_n to_o make_v he_o obey_v as_o his_o good_a confederate_n and_o neighbour_n remember_v the_o good_a instruction_n and_o the_o holy_a education_n which_o his_o father_n charles_n the_o v._o have_v receive_v from_o lewis_n the_o xii_o his_o guardian_n 2._o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n be_v degrade_v from_o the_o rank_n it_o ought_v to_o have_v have_v in_o the_o court_n antony_z king_n of_o navarra_n retire_v into_o bearn_n and_o when_o the_o cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n and_o the_o prince_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr roche_n sur_fw-fr yon_n conduct_v the_o queen_n of_o spain_n to_o her_o husband_n he_o bear_v they_o company_n now_o because_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o marriage_n that_o princess_n be_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o philip_n upon_o the_o
1589._o after_o he_o have_v see_v the_o revolt_n of_o most_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n henry_n the_o iv_o succeed_v he_o and_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o the_o protestant_n and_o part_n of_o the_o papist_n the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n who_o keep_v paris_n receive_v baptista_n taxis_fw-la and_o other_o for_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n who_o raise_v party_n for_o the_o degrade_n of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n and_z the_o advancing_z of_o the_o league_n in_o march_v 1590._o philip_n publish_v a_o edict_n whereby_o he_o exhort_v all_o catholic_a prince_n to_o join_v with_o he_o for_o the_o deliverance_n of_o charles_n the_o x_o mean_v the_o cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n who_o the_o league_n have_v make_v king_n to_o the_o exclusion_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o house_n of_o bourbon_n the_o same_o year_n 1590._o king_n henry_n besiege_v paris_n philip_n send_v the_o duke_n of_o parma_n out_o of_o flanders_n with_o a_o great_a army_n who_o take_v lagny_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o paris_n the_o next_o year_n after_o the_o cardinal_n of_o bourbon_n be_v dead_a the_o leaguer_n consult_v about_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n many_o of_o the_o seize_v that_o be_v of_o the_o sixteen_o man_n that_o govern_v paris_n affect_v to_o the_o spanish_a party_n vote_v for_o philip_n daughter_n clara_n eugenia_n isabel_n of_o which_o claim_n we_o have_v speak_v before_o but_o the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n who_o desire_v rather_o to_o have_v the_o crown_n either_o for_o himself_o or_o for_o some_o of_o his_o house_n protract_v that_o business_n and_o turn_v it_o over_o to_o the_o state_n general_n of_o the_o league_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n send_v precedent_n jannin_n into_o spain_n unto_o who_o philip_n promise_v all_o assistance_n to_o the_o league_n upon_o condition_n that_o his_o daughter_n shall_v be_v acknowledge_v queen_n either_o alone_a or_o with_o such_o a_o husband_n as_o she_o shall_v choose_v that_o precedent_n return_v much_o offend_v with_o philip_n proceed_v especial_o because_o speak_v of_o the_o town_n of_o france_n he_o will_v say_v my_o city_n of_o paris_n my_o city_n of_o orleans_n and_o ever_o since_o solicit_v the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n to_o reconcile_v himself_o with_o the_o king_n an._n 1591._o king_n henry_n the_o iv_o besiege_v and_o press_v roven_v very_o sore_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n return_v and_o make_v he_o raise_v the_o siege_n before_o the_o duke_n of_o parma_n come_v into_o france_n he_o propound_v two_o condition_n to_o the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n the_o one_o that_o he_o shall_v put_v the_o town_n of_o la_fw-fr fere_n into_o his_o hand_n which_o he_o do_v and_o the_o parmezan_n put_v a_o garrison_n in_o it_o of_o four_o hundred_o spaniard_n the_o other_o that_o he_o shall_v press_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o league_n to_o declare_v the_o infanta_n queen_n of_o france_n du_n main_a promise_v he_o to_o move_v the_o assembly_n about_o it_o and_o give_v he_o hope_v that_o king_n philip_n shall_v be_v content_v in_o january_n 1593._o be_v the_o open_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o league_n where_o the_o duke_n of_o feria_n extraordinary_a ambassador_n of_o spain_n declare_v his_o master_n zeal_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o religion_n desire_v they_o to_o choose_v a_o catholic_a king_n and_o to_o preserve_v unto_o the_o infanta_n of_o spain_n the_o right_n she_o have_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o france_n upon_o which_o that_o famous_a arrest_n or_o sentence_n be_v give_v by_o the_o parliament_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o the_o salic_a law_n and_o though_o afterward_o the_o spaniard_n propose_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o infanta_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n or_o with_o ernestus_n brother_n to_o the_o emperor_n rodolphus_n they_o be_v rebuke_v by_o the_o state_n as_o make_v a_o proposition_n contrary_n to_o the_o salic_a law_n when_o they_o press_v again_o that_o the_o infanta_n shall_v be_v acknowledge_v queen_n with_o such_o a_o prince_n as_o philip_n shall_v name_v within_o two_o month_n they_o be_v answer_v that_o when_o the_o state_n have_v choose_v a_o catholic_a prince_n if_o he_o be_v not_o marry_v they_o will_v consent_v that_o he_o shall_v marry_v the_o infanta_n but_o the_o hope_n which_o henry_n give_v at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o the_o party_n of_o the_o league_n that_o he_o will_v come_v to_o their_o religion_n destroy_v all_o these_o design_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o he_o be_v anoint_v king_n at_o chartes_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1594_o and_o soon_o after_o enter_v into_o paris_n whence_o the_o duke_n of_o feria_n depart_v with_o the_o spanish_a garrison_n the_o same_o year_n the_o duke_n du_fw-fr main_n have_v lose_v paris_n and_o see_v the_o league_n fall_v to_o piece_n go_v to_o bruxelles_n and_o ask_v succour_v of_o ernest_n of_o austria_n governor_n of_o the_o country_n who_o send_v charles_n count_n of_o mansfeld_n into_o france_n mansfeld_n take_v la_o capelle_n and_o return_n into_o flanders_n but_o henry_n have_v lay_v the_o siege_n to_o laon_n mansfeld_n return_v and_o in_o vain_a endeavour_v to_o make_v he_o raise_v the_o siege_n the_o king_n take_v laon_n pass_v to_o cambray_n a_o imperial_a town_n which_o balagni_n hold_v with_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n since_o the_o first_o voyage_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alencon_n the_o king_n confirm_v that_o principality_n to_o he_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o france_n towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o year_n 1594._o henry_n have_v break_v most_o part_n of_o the_o league_n declare_v war_n to_o the_o spaniard_n by_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o bovillon_n by_o reason_n of_o philip_n open_a enmity_n against_o he_o and_o the_o assistance_n which_o he_o have_v give_v to_o the_o league_n and_o because_o he_o hold_v from_o he_o la_fw-fr fere_n and_o la_fw-fr capelle_n that_o declaration_n be_v make_v to_o the_o archduke_n ernest_n he_o answer_v that_o he_o will_v send_v word_n of_o it_o to_o king_n philip_n and_o a_o delay_n of_o two_o month_n be_v grant_v war_n be_v proclaim_v by_o a_o herald_n the_o war_n begin_v the_o duke_n of_o bovillon_n have_v ill_a success_n in_o lutzemburg_n king_n henry_n pass_v into_o burgundy_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o dison_n notwithstanding_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o duke_n du_fw-fr main_fw-fr and_o win_v the_o battle_n of_o fontaine_n francoise_n in_o burgundy_n against_o the_o duke_n du_fw-fr maine_n and_o the_o constable_n of_o castilia_n the_o count_n of_o fuentes_n take_v from_o he_o catelet_n dourlans_n and_o han_n and_o cambray_n from_o balagni_n martial_n d'_fw-fr aumont_n oppose_v the_o spaniard_n in_o britain_n into_o which_o they_o be_v let_v in_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o mercoeur_n governor_n of_o britain_n for_o the_o league_n who_o have_v deliver_v blavet_fw-la into_o their_o hand_n an._n 1595._o king_n henry_n get_v his_o absolution_n from_o pope_n clement_n the_o viii_o the_o spaniard_n oppose_v it_o represent_v henry_n to_o the_o pope_n as_o relapse_v and_o impenitent_a but_o du_n perron_n and_o d'_fw-fr ossat_n since_o make_v cardinal_n overcome_v that_o party_n in_o the_o year_n 1596._o charles_n de_fw-fr casaut_n and_o lovis_fw-la d'_fw-fr aix_n viguier_n of_o marseille_n treat_v with_o the_o spaniard_n to_o deliver_v the_o city_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o peter_n liberta_fw-la keep_v it_o in_o the_o obedience_n of_o his_o sovereign_n henry_n and_o kill_v casaut_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n the_o same_o year_n albert_n cardinal_n of_o austria_n governor_n of_o netherlands_n take_v calais_n and_o ardres_n and_o henry_n retake_v la_n fere._n he_o make_v alliance_n with_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o england_n with_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n and_o with_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o year_n 1597._o ferdinand_n teil_n a_o spanish_a captain_n surprise_v amiens_n which_o sudden_o be_v retake_v by_o henry_n cardinal_n albert_n in_o vain_a attempt_v to_o relieve_v it_o the_o year_n before_o the_o cardinal_n of_o medicis_n who_o since_o be_v leo_n the_o xi_o be_v in_o france_n to_o procure_v the_o execution_n of_o the_o article_n promise_v by_o the_o king_n when_o he_o receive_v his_o absolution_n from_o the_o pope_n have_v be_v prepare_v his_o mind_n towards_o a_o peace_n with_o philip_n the_o ii_o who_o see_v himself_o very_o old_a and_o droop_a to_o the_o grave_n seek_v to_o leave_v his_o dominion_n peaceable_a to_o his_o son_n who_o be_v but_o weak_a in_o body_n and_o mind_n henry_n also_o desire_v to_o give_v peace_n to_o his_o subject_n tire_v and_o exhaust_v with_o continual_a war_n forty_o year_n together_o so_o that_o cardinal_n with_o the_o general_n of_o the_o franciscans_n bonaventure_n calatagirona_n a_o sicilian_a dispose_v both_o the_o party_n to_o a_o treaty_n the_o place_n be_v choose_v for_o it_o at_o veruins_n in_o february_n 1598._o where_o a_o perpetual_a peace_n be_v conclude_v between_o the_o two_o crown_n and_o the_o treaty_n
that_o honour_n be_v see_v by_o the_o place_n where_o they_o sit_v by_o the_o censer_n and_o by_o the_o pax_n which_o be_v give_v they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o mass_n now_o whereas_o this_o council_n be_v hold_v at_o three_o several_a time_n under_o there_o several_a pope_n paul_n the_o iii_o juliet_n the_o iii_o and_o pius_n the_o iv_o in_o the_o time_n of_o paul_n and_o juliet_n charles_n the_o v._o be_v emperor_n who_o ambassador_n without_o contradiction_n sit_v above_o the_o french_a ambassador_n who_o in_o the_o sixteen_o first_o session_n appear_v very_o little_a and_o no_o place_n be_v hold_v there_o under_o the_o title_n of_o spain_n yet_o some_o thing_n happen_v then_o which_o show_v the_o eminency_n of_o the_o french_a king_n above_o all_o other_o next_o to_o the_o emperor_n in_o the_o bull_n of_o the_o indiction_n of_o the_o council_n paul_n the_o iii_o date_v a_o 1542._o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v name_v after_o the_o emperor_n in_o express_a term_n and_o all_o the_o other_o prince_n comprehend_v in_o one_o general_a term_n and_o that_o twice_o thus_o charissimos_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la filios_fw-la nostros_fw-la carolum_fw-la romanorum_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la &_o christianissimum_fw-la regem_fw-la franciscum_fw-la duo_fw-la praecipua_fw-la christiani_n nomin_n firmamenta_fw-la atque_fw-la fulcra_fw-la orare_fw-la atque_fw-la obsecrare_fw-la institimus_fw-la a_o little_a low_o supra_fw-la autem_fw-la dictos_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la regemque_fw-la christianissimum_fw-la nec_fw-la non_fw-la caeteros_fw-la reges_fw-la deuce_n principes_fw-la quorum_fw-la praesentia_fw-la si_fw-la alias_o unquam_fw-la hoc_fw-la quidem_fw-la tempore_fw-la maximè_fw-la sanctissimae_fw-la christi_fw-la fidei_fw-la &_o christianorum_fw-la futura_fw-la est_fw-la salutaris_fw-la rogantes_fw-la atque_fw-la obsecrantes_fw-la per_fw-la viscera_fw-la misericordiae_fw-la dei_fw-la etc._n etc._n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o council_n an_z 1545._o francis_n the_o i_o have_v appoint_v for_o his_o ambassador_n claude_n d'urfé_fw-fr seneschal_n of_o forest_n jaques_n de_fw-fr liguieres_fw-fr precedent_n in_o the_o three_o chamber_n of_o inquest_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n and_o the_o dean_n peter_n danes_n since_o bishop_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr vaur_n but_o be_v inform_v by_o some_o french_a bishop_n that_o be_v at_o trent_n that_o there_o be_v little_a hope_n that_o the_o council_n shall_v do_v any_o good_a he_o call_v back_o his_o ambassador_n who_o do_v not_o appear_v in_o the_o council_n antony_z filioly_a of_o ganat_n archbishop_n of_o aix_n in_o provence_n be_v there_o for_o the_o king_n who_o in_o the_o first_o session_n when_o public_a prayer_n be_v make_v for_o the_o prince_n have_v require_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n shall_v be_v name_v in_o express_a term_n as_o he_o have_v be_v name_v in_o the_o bull_n of_o the_o indiction_n the_o legate_n elude_v that_o demand_n and_o say_v that_o the_o father_n ought_v to_o be_v consult_v about_o it_o and_o none_o be_v pray_v for_o in_o express_a term_n but_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o emperor_n all_o other_o prince_n be_v comprehend_v in_o one_o general_a term_n in_o the_o year_n 1546._o francis_n the_o i_o send_v his_o ambassador_n peter_n danes_n bishop_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr vaur_n to_o the_o council_n at_o his_o reception_n he_o make_v a_o sine_fw-la speech_n wherein_o he_o represent_v the_o state_n of_o christendom_n and_o the_o great_a disorder_n creep_v into_o the_o church_n even_o into_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n at_o which_o when_o a_o certain_a bishop_n do_v laugh_v say_v gallus_n cantat_fw-la danes_n reply_v ready_o utinam_fw-la isto_fw-la gallicinio_fw-la petrus_n ad_fw-la resipiscontiam_fw-la &_o fletum_fw-la excitetur_fw-la a_o apophthegm_n which_o afterward_o be_v rife_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o council_n an._n 1547._o when_o paul_n the_o iii_o to_o avoid_v the_o plague_n &_o the_o war_n of_o germany_n will_v remove_v the_o council_n from_o trent_n to_o bolonia_n the_o legate_n consult_v the_o father_n about_o it_o say_v that_o his_o holiness_n approve_v of_o it_o communicato_fw-la etiam_fw-la consilio_fw-la cum_fw-la imperatore_n christianissimo_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la regibus_fw-la ac_fw-la principibus_fw-la christianis_fw-la which_o be_v another_o expression_n of_o the_o honour_n which_o the_o council_n do_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n but_o in_o the_o three_o indiction_n of_o the_o council_n under_o pius_n the_o iv_o a_o 1561_o in_o the_o bull_n of_o the_o indiction_n pius_n the_o iv_o use_v other_o word_n than_o paulus_n the_o iii_o and_o julius_n the_o iii_o have_v use_v before_o thus_o charissimos_fw-la verò_fw-la in_o christo_fw-la filios_fw-la nostros_fw-la romanorum_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la electum_fw-la caeterosque_fw-la reges_fw-la &_o principes_fw-la quos_fw-la optandum_fw-la sanè_fw-la esset_fw-la concilio_n interest_n posse_fw-la hortamur_fw-la &_o rogamus_fw-la without_o any_o mention_n of_o the_o most_o christian_n king_n philibert_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr bourdesiere_n bishop_n of_o angoulesm_n ambassador_n of_o france_n in_o the_o pope_n court_n expostulate_v with_o he_o by_o the_o king_n order_n for_o that_o neglect_n with_o protestation_n that_o notwithstanding_o that_o neglect_n he_o will_v not_o hinder_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o council_n yea_o that_o he_o have_v command_v his_o bishop_n to_o go_v to_o the_o council_n the_o pope_n answer_v that_o he_o have_v charge_v some_o cardinal_n to_o form_v the_o bull_n and_o that_o they_o have_v not_o heed_v that_o pointillo_n and_o that_o after_o they_o have_v name_v the_o emperor_n they_o have_v not_o judge_v it_o necessary_a to_o name_v all_o the_o king_n but_o have_v comprehend_v they_o under_o one_o general_a name_n the_o ambassador_n reply_v that_o it_o be_v a_o prerogative_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n not_o to_o be_v comprehend_v under_o a_o general_a name_n the_o pope_n answer_v that_o he_o can_v not_o foresee_v all_o thing_n and_o that_o another_o time_n order_n shall_v be_v give_v that_o the_o like_a error_n shall_v not_o be_v commit_v in_o the_o year_n 1562_o the_o 18._o of_o may_n lewis_n the_o saint_n gelais_n lord_n de_fw-fr lansac_n come_v to_o trent_n and_o three_o day_n after_o arnault_n ferrier_n precedent_n of_o the_o inquest_n of_o paris_n and_o guy_n du_fw-fr faur_n de_fw-fr pibrac_n chief_a judge_n of_o tolosa_n send_v by_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a honour_n by_o the_o council_n yea_o great_a part_n of_o the_o prelate_n subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n go_v to_o meet_v they_o but_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr avalo_n marquis_n of_o pesquera_n ambassador_n to_o king_n philip_n go_v out_o of_o trent_n three_o day_n before_o and_o retire_v to_o milan_n of_o which_o he_o be_v governor_n pretend_v a_o fear_n from_o the_o protestant_n of_o daulphiné_n and_o the_o swisser_n but_o in_o effect_n to_o avoid_v meet_v with_o the_o french_a ambassador_n who_o take_v their_o place_n in_o the_o general_a congregation_n after_o the_o imperial_a ambassador_n pibrac_n make_v a_o fine_a oration_n wherein_o he_o speak_v very_o free_o against_o the_o disorder_n of_o the_o church_n the_o small_a progress_n of_o the_o council_n in_o such_o a_o long_a time_n and_o for_o the_o liberty_n of_o vote_v in_o the_o council_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v from_o rome_n he_o be_v second_v by_o the_o two_o other_o ambassador_n lansac_n and_o ferrier_n the_o pope_n complain_v of_o it_o and_o say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v send_v not_o ambassador_n but_o advocate_n of_o the_o huguenot_n and_o indeed_o the_o ill_a opinion_n which_o the_o father_n of_o the_o council_n have_v of_o the_o belief_n of_o these_o three_o man_n be_v a_o cause_n why_o the_o council_n and_o the_o pope_n deal_v with_o they_o with_o more_o rigour_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o the_o french_a bishop_n come_v to_o the_o council_n conduct_v by_o the_o cardinal_n of_o lorraine_n who_o be_v most_o honourable_o receive_v by_o the_o cardinal_n of_o mantua_n and_o the_o other_o legate_n soon_o after_o the_o come_n of_o the_o cardinal_n of_o lorraine_n philip_n the_o two_o have_v call_v back_o the_o marquesse_n of_o pesquera_n send_v to_o trent_n another_o ambassador_n ferdinand_n quigones_n count_n de_fw-fr luna_n who_o be_v go_v to_o germany_n before_o to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o coronation_n of_o maximilian_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n will_v know_v of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o council_n what_o place_n they_o will_v give_v he_o upon_o which_o the_o cardinal_n of_o mantua_n the_o first_o legate_n have_v consult_v with_o the_o ambassador_n of_o france_n and_o the_o cardinal_n of_o lorraine_n he_o propound_v unto_o they_o this_o accommodation_n that_o as_o for_o they_o they_o shall_v keep_v their_o place_n next_o to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o that_o some_o other_o place_n may_v be_v find_v for_o the_o count_n of_o luna_n over_o against_o the_o legate_n on_o the_o other_o side_n or_o after_o the_o ecclesiastical_a ambassador_n or_o in_o some_o other_o place_n out_o of_o the_o bench_n of_o the_o
which_o he_o â—aith_v of_o they_o paragraphe_n xii_o be_v now_o come_v to_o the_o west_n we_o meâ—â—_n with_o the_o most_o considerable_a piece_n of_o europâ—_n which_o be_v the_o empire_n of_o germany_n the_o empiâ—â—_n begin_v by_o julius_n caesar_n but_o found_v by_o augustus_n possess_v all_o the_o know_a country_n of_o thâ—_n west_n but_o be_v great_o diminish_v about_o thâ—_n year_n of_o our_o lord_n 400._o for_o then_o by_o the_o incuâ—sions_n of_o the_o goth_n ostrogoth_n alans_n hunâ—_n herule_v vandal_n frankes_n and_o other_o manâ—_n state_n be_v found_v and_o final_o the_o empire_n cease_v in_o the_o west_n altogether_o in_o thâ—_n year_n 445._o by_o the_o death_n of_o augustulus_n and_o thâ—_n whole_a empire_n of_o the_o west_n be_v divide_v in_o many_o state_n in_o the_o year_n 800._o the_o empire_n of_o the_o west_n begin_v afresh_o in_o the_o person_n of_o charlemaigne_n whâ—_n under_o that_o name_n possess_v all_o the_o gaul_n paâ—â—_n of_o spain_n almost_o all_o italy_n the_o great_a germâ—nie_n hungary_n slavonia_n part_n of_o poland_n anâ—_n denmark_n and_o other_o northern_a country_n but_o his_o posterity_n have_v degenerate_v thâ—_n empire_n go_v from_o his_o family_n about_o the_o yeâ—â—_n 912._o and_o after_o a_o long_a dispute_n about_o it_o between_o the_o italian_a and_o german_a prince_n otâ—â—_n duke_n of_o saxony_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o iâ—_n and_o from_o that_o time_n that_o which_o remain_v the_o empire_n have_v continue_v in_o the_o hand_n german_a prince_n that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o empire_n at_o this_o day_n have_v more_o shadow_n than_o substance_n i_o call_v a_o shadow_n all_o the_o pretence_n of_o the_o emperor_n out_o of_o germany_n which_o be_v wear_v out_o with_o age_n and_o lose_v or_o remain_v with_o small_a vigour_n as_o â—he_v pretence_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n and_o the_o low-countries_n savoy_n franche_n county_n besancon_n and_o the_o like_a in_o germany_n he_o have_v some_o real_a and_o effective_a power_n germany_n at_o this_o time_n comprehend_v all_o that_o country_n between_o the_o border_n of_o hungary_n and_o poland_n on_o the_o east_n the_o baltique_a sea_n and_o denmark_n on_o the_o north_n the_o germanic_a sea_n and_o france_n on_o the_o west_n and_o the_o river_n of_o rhine_n and_o the_o alps_n on_o the_o south_n neither_o be_v the_o emperor_n absolute_a every_o where_n or_o in_o the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o large_a space_n for_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o ten_o circle_n or_o great_a province_n which_o have_v a_o proper_a right_a to_o assemble_v themselves_o to_o look_v to_o their_o own_o business_n and_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o general_a diet_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o every_o one_o of_o these_o circle_n there_o be_v many_o free_a city_n and_o many_o secular_a and_o ecclesiastical_a prince_n the_o chief_a be_v the_o seven_o electour_n three_o ecclesiastical_a the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n collen_n and_o treve_n four_o secular_a the_o count_n palatine_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o the_o marquesse_n of_o brandenhurg_n and_o next_o to_o these_o the_o duke_n of_o banteres_n the_o duke_n of_o wirtenberg_n luneburg_n mechelburg_n brunswicâ—_n the_o landgrave_n of_o hesse_n and_o many_o other_o buâ—_n above_o all_o these_o house_n that_o of_o austria_n be_v considerable_a of_o which_o we_o must_v speak_v in_o the_o neâ—â—_n chapter_n for_o beside_o the_o title_n of_o emperouâ—_n by_o election_n now_o continue_v in_o their_o family_n for_o many_o descent_n they_o possess_v their_o ancient_a patrimony_n austria_n stiria_n carinthia_n carnia_n tirolis_n elzas_n they_o hold_v also_o bohemia_n anâ—_n that_o little_a part_n of_o hungary_n which_o remain_v unto_o the_o christian_n all_o germany_n be_v divideâ—_n between_o papist_n lutheran_n and_o calvinists_n these_o three_o and_o the_o mahometan_a and_o the_o greeâ—_n religion_n be_v the_o principal_a religion_n knowâ—_n in_o europe_n chap._n ii_o by_o what_o degree_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v come_v to_o those_o great_a estate_n which_o iâ—_n possess_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o among_o the_o christian_a prince_n the_o two_o most_o considerable_a family_n be_v those_o of_o france_n and_o austria_n and_o although_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o house_n of_o france_n have_v all_o the_o prerogative_n of_o antiquity_n nobility_n and_o glory_n above_o the_o other_o yet_o that_o of_o austria_n be_v more_o powerful_a for_o extent_n of_o land_n and_o multitude_n of_o people_n and_o be_v invest_v with_o a_o more_o eminent_a quality_n which_o be_v the_o empire_n but_o because_o they_o hold_v it_o only_o by_o election_n they_o have_v that_o pre-eminence_n but_o for_o a_o time_n so_o that_o the_o family_n of_o austria_n from_o a_o sovereign_n may_v become_v a_o subject_a which_o can_v never_o happen_v to_o the_o sovereign_n by_o succession_n but_o by_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o state_n now_o because_o these_o two_o family_n draw_v to_o their_o motion_n the_o most_o part_n of_o our_o christian_a western_a world_n and_o that_o since_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v take_v a_o stupendous_a growth_n it_o will_v be_v to_o good_a purpose_n to_o examine_v in_o this_o chapter_n her_o birth_n progress_n and_o greatness_n for_o we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o france_n which_o be_v a_o ground_a monarchy_n of_o twelve_o hundred_o year_n stand_v but_o it_o be_v but_o of_o late_a that_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n dare_v claim_v equality_n with_o the_o house_n of_o france_n paragraphe_n i._n yet_o so_o much_o we_o will_v say_v of_o the_o house_n of_o france_n 1._o it_o be_v certain_a that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v erect_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n in_o the_o year_n 419._o pharamont_n be_v elect_v king_n by_o the_o frankes_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n in_o the_o country_n of_o sicambria_n which_o be_v guelderland_n uretcht_v friesland_n and_o other_o country_n thereabouts_o but_o neither_o he_o nor_o his_o son_n clodion_n the_o chevelu_n pass_v ever_o into_o france_n for_o any_o thing_n that_o we_o read_v but_o send_v forth_o their_o army_n to_o conquer_v it_o merovee_n the_o three_o king_n be_v the_o first_o that_o come_v to_o paris_n and_o take_v it_o and_o settle_a himself_o with_o the_o frankes_n in_o gaul_n from_o he_o be_v the_o first_o race_n of_o french_a king_n denominate_v and_o call_v the_o race_n of_o the_o merovingian_o 2._o clovis_n the_o five_o king_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 500_o and_o bring_v the_o french_a state_n to_o great_a splendour_n by_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o relic_n of_o the_o roman_n near_a soissons_fw-fr laon_n and_o reins_o by_o the_o conquest_n of_o gaul_n aquitanique_n and_o by_o the_o defeat_n of_o alaric_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o goth_n the_o son_n of_o that_o clovis_n about_o the_o year_n 527._o conquer_v the_o state_n of_o the_o burgundians_n or_o bourgognon_n so_o that_o race_n of_o the_o merovingian_o about_o the_o year_n of_o 530._o be_v possess_v of_o all_o the_o gaul_n yet_o divide_v into_o tetrarchy_n by_o the_o child_n of_o clovis_n and_o again_o by_o their_o descent_n that_o race_n with_o the_o gaul_n hold_v great_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o have_v do_v great_a service_n to_o the_o church_n and_o protect_v desolate_a pope_n goâ—_n from_o they_o the_o name_n of_o most_o christian_n &_o elder_a son_n of_o the_o church_n when_o that_o title_n be_v give_v they_o we_o can_v precise_o tell_v yet_o saint_n gregory_n who_o live_v in_o the_o year_n 600._o say_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v as_o eminent_a above_o other_o king_n as_o every_o king_n be_v above_o his_o subject_n that_o first_o race_n keep_v long_o the_o fierceness_n of_o german-barbarousnesse_n and_o about_o the_o year_n 650._o after_o the_o death_n of_o dagobert_n they_o degenerate_v to_o idleness_n and_o so_o continue_v for_o a_o hundred_o year_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o mayres_z of_o the_o palace_n to_o encroach_v upon_o the_o sovereign_a authority_n among_o who_o charles_n martel_n be_v most_o eminent_a who_o have_v defeat_v the_o sarrasin_n near_o tours_n and_o kill_v three_o hundred_o threescore_o and_o six_o thousand_o man_n and_o relieve_v the_o pope_n against_o the_o lombard_n raise_v much_o the_o honour_n of_o france_n and_o his_o own_o but_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o first_o royal_a line_n which_o end_v in_o the_o degradation_n of_o the_o unfortunate_a chilperic_n in_o the_o year_n 752._o have_v subsist_v 333_o year_n 5._o the_o second_o race_n much_o more_o illustrious_a than_o the_o first_o begin_v in_o the_o person_n of_o pippin_n son_n to_o that_o charles_n martel_n a_o valorous_a &_o fortunate_a prince_n devout_o addict_v to_o the_o roman_a see_n he_o receive_v pope_n stephen_n the_o first_o into_o france_n and_o put_v down_o adolphus_n king_n
of_o the_o lombard_n who_o persecute_v the_o pope_n but_o his_o son_n charlemain_n raise_v the_o state_n of_o france_n more_o than_o any_o for_o he_o conquer_v great_a part_n of_o lalie_n upon_o the_o lombard_n and_o quite_o destroy_v they_o an._n 774._o overcome_v the_o saxon_n and_o other_o nation_n of_o germany_n conquer_v pâ—â—t_v of_o spain_n upon_o the_o saracen_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o most_o part_n of_o the_o old_a empire_n of_o the_o west_n and_o so_o be_v crown_v emperor_n of_o the_o west_n an._n 800._o and_o three_o year_n after_o limit_n be_v set_v in_o italy_n between_o the_o two_o empire_n of_o east_n and_o west_n nicephorus_n be_v then_o emperor_n of_o the_o eâ—â—_n and_o the_o bound_n be_v the_o river_n of_o lyris_fw-la now_o garigliano_n and_o ausidus_n now_o lofanto_n both_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n so_o that_o except_v the_o far_a part_n of_o italy_n part_n of_o spain_n and_o the_o brittanique_a land_n divide_v between_o many_o petty_a king_n he_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o the_o west_n 6._o these_o first_o king_n be_v very_o liberal_a to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n pepin_n and_o charlemain_n give_v they_o the_o exarchat_n of_o ravenna_n and_o other_o land_n which_o the_o pope_n pretend_a to_o have_v be_v take_v away_o from_o they_o by_o the_o lombard_n lewis_n the_o meek_a whâ—_n succeed_v his_o father_n charlemain_n confirm_v and_o amplify_v that_o gâ—fâ—_n an._n 817._o the_o charter_n whereof_o baronius_n have_v publish_v take_v from_o the_o vatican_n as_o he_o affirm_v lemis_n the_o meek_a die_a an._n 840._o leave_v the_o state_n of_o france_n in_o a_o great_a height_n possess_v of_o the_o gaul_n germany_n italy_n and_o part_n of_o spain_n all_o other_o prince_n compare_v to_o the_o french_a king_n be_v mean_a fellow_n 7._o lewis_n the_o meek_n leave_v three_o son_n lothaire_n and_o lewis_n by_o his_o first_o wife_n â—nd_n charles_n the_o bald_a from_o judith_n his_o second_o wife_n these_o three_o 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de_fw-fr breves_fw-la in_o the_o appendix_n of_o the_o negotiation_n of_o the_o east_n add_v to_o the_o history_n of_o his_o voyage_n say_v that_o in_o henry_n the_o 4ths_n time_n he_o have_v the_o precedence_n before_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o emperor_n rudolphus_n at_o the_o porta_n of_o the_o great_a turk_n who_o judge_v that_o the_o precedence_n of_o christian_a prince_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o pope_n be_v of_o no_o consideration_n at_o his_o porta_n where_o the_o strong_a and_o the_o most_o courageous_a find_v most_o favour_n also_o whereas_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v then_o in_o war_n with_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n he_o will_v not_o give_v his_o enemy_n any_o advantage_n orver_n he_o neither_o do_v the_o turk_n acknowledge_v the_o emperor_n but_o as_o king_n of_o vienna_n but_o have_v a_o great_a esteem_n for_o the_o french_a king_n but_o without_o insist_v upon_o the_o history_n of_o their_o three_o race_n now_o reign_v or_o 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