Selected quad for the lemma: state_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
state_n	peace_n	province_n	unite_a	1,120	5	10.2827	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A85750	A treatise of the antiquity of the commonwealth of the Battavers, which is now the Hollanders first written in Latin by Hugo Grotius, advocat fiscall of Holland, Zealand, and Westfriesland, &c. And afterwards translated into the Netherlandish Dutch, and perused by the author himselfe. And now again translated out of both the Latin and Dutch, into English, by Tho. Woods, Gent.; De antiquitate Reipublicae Batavicae. English.	Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645.; Woods, Thomas.; Cross, Thomas, fl. 1632-1682, engraver.	1649 (1649)	Wing G2127; Thomason E1303_2; ESTC R202252	40,326	171

Dominators undertook the warre against the Duke of Alba re-establishing againe the persons that were unlawfully banished and acknowledged William Prince of Orange for their Governour and Generall The seventh Chapter In what estate the Common-wealth of the Battavers was in the time of Warre and is now at this present since the Warre SInce which time the Soveraignty of the States which was not a little obscured and darkned by that usurped Authoritie of the last Princes is brought againe shining more cleare in the light And afterwards when as the States of the neighbouring Provinces had taken Armes with them of Holland for the maintenance of their Liberty and were knit together by an assured alliance and confederacie And that King Philip whose reputation even yet hitherto hath not been toucht neither by intreaties nor by admonition could bee brought into a better minde then at last the generall States upon the 26. of Iuly in the yeare 1581. declared that King Philip by reason of the nullifying of their Lawes of Government according to all Lawes and ipso jure had forfeited his Principality in the same manner like as many free Nations have oftentimes condemned their Prince as the Lacedemonians condemned Pausanias the Romanes Nero the Venetians Falerius and the Danes Christiern Yet neverthelesse these Nobles did not govern the Commonwealth without a Principality But like as in former times in place of the Kings succeeded the Generalls even so did the Prince of Orange the title of Earle being taken away obtained the lawfull Authority under the Title of Governour This Prince his singular unity with the States whilst hee gave place unto their Mightinesse and they on the contrary part both loved and respected him as being their common Father brought the affaires of Holland from little beginnings to a great growth wherefore although the neighborings Provinces had ordained first Matthias Archduke of Austria and after him the Councell of State and yet after them the Duke of Anjoy over them yet neverthelesse the States of Holland and Zealand maintaining firmly the confederacie with their Neighbours and never consenting unto any alteration in their own lands continually maintained not only the same manner of Government but even also the very outward form of the Government After the death of the Prince of Orange the generall Government was resign'd unto the Earle of Leicester who had brought over English Souldiers with him to aide these Lands but in regard that he being of a Kingly prodigality and unacquainted with our Customes and following evill Counsellors began to speak against the Government of the States and to bring in many innovations therupon the States took occasion to shew that their power from the which Leicester had received his Commission was the most righteous and the most ancient power Also certaine persons who to pleasure him sought by uproars to bring in alterations they punished with death which the Earle of Leicester understanding left both the Government and the Land And thereupon Prince Maurice the sonne of William Prince of Orange took upon him the chief government over Holland and of certaine of the Neighbouring Provinces Under his Government hath been great concord so that by the twenty yeeers tranquillity of the Commonwealth and by the inlarging of their borders by fortunate Battales by Seidges so ably enterprized as also more ably resisted have the States obtained the fame of exceeding wise Governors and Prince Maurice the fame of the worthiest Generall The Reputation of this Commonwealth is yet augmented since that Kings have accepted the same into confederacy with themselves For in the yeer 1597. was a Confederacy agreed upon betwixt the King of France the Queen of England and the States of the united Netherlandish Provinces Yet neverthelesse the States did so reverence their deposed Prince that whilst King Philip lived the habilities of these Lands contained themselves within the necessity of their owne defence but after his death was the Warre more openly manifested and that warre was sent back againe into Spaine which first came from themselves Yea and even unto the very furthermost parts of India is our Trafficque sailed being defended with Armes And in those places also by the occasion of the common enemy and by the known valour and fidelity of the Hollanders is there occasioned both friendships and Confederacies with Kings and Nations so that the Lords the States have been saluted by Embassadours comming so farre as out of the other world Hitherto hath the warres continued There hath been often dealing for peace both whilst King Philip lived as since his death As also when as the Netherlands were resigned unto his daughter and son in-law But ever the States disdained those conditions whereby either their Liberty or that lawfull resolution which they had justly decreed and pronounced against King Philips Authority might any way be impeached or toucht like unto the example of the Ancient Romans who never esteemed any Peace so highly that they therefore would receive in again the banished Tarquins Lastly when as the Archduke Albertus and Isabel and King Philip the Second Philips Son shewed themselves to be ready to acknowldge the freedome and Liberty of the States then through the Intercession of the Kings of France of Great Britaine and of Denmark and of some other Princes did begin a communication And in regard that many difficulties hindred the Peace there was lastly in the year 1609 a Truce concluded upon for the space of 12 years with a formall Declaration of the Archduke both in their own names as also in the name of King Philip from whom to that very end they had received Commission and procuration that they should make Truce with the Lords the States Generall of the United Provinces as respecting and holding them to be in quality of free States of their Lands Provinces and Cities where over they have nothing to pretend This short Relation beginning long before the time of Iulius Caesar and ending at these times sheweth that continually during more then 1700 years the Battavers which now are called the Hollanders have used the same Government the Soveraignty whereof hath alwayes remained in the States hands and so is it at this present So that neverthelesse a Principality hath belonged thereunto sometimes in a greater and sometimes in a lesser manner of administration In former time comming thereunto by Succession but very often and at this present by voyces being ever subject under the Laws This then is the shape or rather to say the face of the whole Government Now if any man would know all the particular members thereof They are these as followeth Holland is very populous and exceedingly well stored with Cities and Villages The especiall care of the Cities is committed to the Senators and Magistrates of each City unto whom it is permitted within their own Liberties to make certain Laws and Forfeitures and to ordain certain Impositions for the Cities necessaries The Senators are perpetuall The Magistrates are yearly

having very little or no allowance at all therefore Their chiefe Burgh-masters have their Authority from the higher Magistrates for to maintaine the good of the Cities and of the common Burgesses The Jurats which are called Schepens are ordained for the Law as well over Civill as over criminall matters whereof the Baliffs and Scoutes by one Authority doe serve in that publike Office of Plaintiffs or Accusers The Magistrates have in their Councell learned Lawyers called Pensionaires The Jurisdiction of the Villages both as well in the High Lordships called Hooghe Heerlyecheyden as also in the Ambachs Heerlycheden is partly either in the Common-wealth or in the Principality and partly in the chiefe of the Nobility who have received the same from their fore-Fathers The affairs of the Ambachs Heerleycheden are commonly decided by the Schouts and the Schepens The Hooghe Heer lycheyden by the Baliffs and the Tenants or else by the Gentility Moreover and above there is the Forresters and the Rangers of the Woods and Wildernesses and the Stewards of Noblemens houses have each one their own Laws concerning Hunting c. and their own fellow servants And the Dykegraves and Heemraden those that have the Authority over the Seadykes and the River bancks wherein consisteth the speciall preservation of Holland from all these sentences excepting in criminall matters whereof the condemned very seldome is granted any appeale they make their appeale unto the Court of Holland the which is also acknowledged by Zealand The controversies of Cities and other matters of great importance are also decided there In this Councell according to ancient Custome doth sit certain of the Nobility with certaine Lawyers and men experienced in all Customes The chief head of this Councell is the Stadthouder or the Governour of Holland himself who moreover and above hath the power to command over the Garrisons To elect the Magistrates of the Cities after a former nomination thereof and also to give remission and pardon to Malefactors all which are tokens of an exceeding high Authority There is also a Counting House of the Principalities own proper Rents and Revenews which is governed by the Rent-Masters The Convocation of the States the chiefe power whereof they of Holland have hapneth three or four times yearly or as often as is required The State of the Nobility and of the Gentility is represented by some certain who are the chief thereof as well in respect of their noble descent as of the Lordships which they possesse being in number about twelve whereof one of them dying they chuse another unto themselves The Cities that commonly send their Deputies unto this Convocation being warned thereunto are these Dordrecht Haerlem Delffe Leyden Amsterdam Goude Rotterdam Gorchum Schiedam Schoonhoven Breill Alckmaer Horne Enckhuysen Edam Monickendam Medenblick Purmerendt Those that are deputed are commonly Burgh-Masters now and then accompanied with some of the Senators or else pensionary The Nobility gives their voice first then the Cities every one according to their turnes All this is even now as it was in the dayes of the Earls excepting that the Administration of the publike matters which formerly the Earls performed is now inherent in the States and in the Governor From the aforesaid Court of Holland there was wont to have been appealed unto the great Councell of Mechlen which Councell in former time the States of the severall Provinces at the request of the Princes of the House of Bourgondy had condescended unto to abide unto that common Law Instead of this Councel they of Holland of Zealand about eight and twenty years since have ordained the high Councel consisting of certain famous learned persons from whose sentence there can be no appeale but yet there may be a supplication presented unto the States to th' end that certain other Lawyers Judges or Revisers might be added unto that Colledge which might diligently and considerately peruse and examine whether in that sentence there might be any errour or fault Moreover since the warres both the charges and also the businesses are very much encreased that in respect thereof there is yet another Colledge instituted to have the survey of the common Treasure of Holland and to decide all Controversies arising thence This Colledge consisteth of persons which are deputed thereunto by the Gentility and by each severall City and are now and then changed These doe warn the States to assemble as need requireth and doe execute that which the States doe decree There are yet other Deputies appointed for the surveying of these which have the hearing of the reckonings of the Receivers of the common Treasure Now since Utrecht continuing still in the union with the other Provinces which are Gelderland Holland Zealand Vtrecht Friesland Over-Isell and Groning who in former time were all called by the names of the Battavers Mattiacks and Frieses there hath bin a Community or Fellowship both of Warre Peace and forraign Alliances and Confederacies as also of all other affairs they have been alike partakers with each other These same Provinces are also accustomed to send their Deputies for the consultation of the generall good of the Lands This assembly seldome separateth and are called the general States By these the points that fall into Controversie betwixt the Provinces are disputed and decided The next unto these and by the same Commission the Councell of State hath the survey of the affairs of the union and the Government of the Souldiers and of the Military businesses This Councell is come instead of the Councell of State which in the time of the Earls had the survey of all the affairs of all the Netherlands The Councellors being a certain number are chosen by the States of each Province and also sometimes changed they give their voyces not by the Provinces as in the Convocation but man for man The heads of this Councell are the Governors of the Provinces Moreover there is divided in Holland Zealand and in Freisland certaine Colledges of the Admiralty that look unto the affaires of the Sea and of the Customs and Commodities that come out of the Sea They have their Commission from the generall States every Province sends their Deputies thither and now and then changeth them The Admirall-ship which is the highest command at Sea hath Prince Maurice The reckonings of the Cantoor of the generality are looked unto by certain persons deputed thereunto These things being sufficiently known to the Inhabitants I have handled the same more particularly for the use of strangers not doubting when they shall have narrowly looked into these matters but that they shall very much commend the formes and frames of the Government of this Common-wealth for if wee would but alledge reason hereunto reason teacheth us that Authority is best of all there where it is conferred upon the principall best men If we look about us concerning the Authority That Government which consisteth of the Nobles hath in commendation thereof the wisest in former times If

give their Oath unto any other What successe and event that Warre had which the Battavers undertook by the Resolution of both the States under the conduct of Civilis against the Tyrannicall domineering of the Romans is not very manifest because that Tacitus in his History maketh no mention thereof But in regard that Tacitus saith that Cerialis did offer pardon unto Civilis and peace unto the Battavers And that Iosephus the Jewish Writer saith This Warre ended by concluding of a peace so that I make no question but that the Battavers were re-established in the former state of the Society And so much the rather because that Tacitus writing of the manners of the Germans in the time of Trajanus who was twice Consul saith That the Battavers kept their old reputation and their tokens of the old Society And in the sequell thereof sheweth manifestly enough that after that Warre they were neither opprest with Tributes nor yet with Toll but that they kept their Priviledge only with this Condition that they should send ayd unto the Romans And for a certainty before that time in the Reign of the Emperour Domitian Agricola being assisted by the Battavers effected strange businesses in Brittaine Also when as Adrianus was with his Army by the Danow that also then was there great Service performed by the Battavish Souldiers After those times the Priviledges of the Battavers were so farre from being diminished that their Reputation was the rather augmented the which certain old Titles and Inscriptions which are yet extant and found amongst us doe sufficiently testifie whereof some produce the time of Severus and others of Antonius and Geta for they doe not name the Nation of the Battavers and the Citizens of the Battavers not Companions like as formerly they were called but call them Brethren and Friends as well of the people as of the Monarchy of the Romans from which name a certaine Panegyrick Writer saith appeareth as well the fellowship as the equality of their worthinesse After these times the Francks began to be known about the Ryne against whom the Battavers and the Romans had continuall Warres Oftentimes the Francks invaded the Iland of the Battavers oftentimes they were repulsed And lastly in the Raign of Constantius the Emperour the Francks trailing the Almans along with them and the Saxons who were in Confederacy with them swarming up and down farre and neare that then Iulianus did so pepper them in a great Battell by Straesburch for the Victory of which Battell as Ammianus saith they may principally thank the valour of the Battavers for the Horsemen of the Romans being all fled and the Enemy beginning with their swords to fall to the Execution of their confused Battell the Battavers came to second and to relieve them in their greatest necessity they being as Ammianus saith a terrible multitude of people they came with their Kings with them from whence is concluded that at that very time remained yet the same manner of Government amongst the Battavers which they had had of old excepting that they by reason of the continuing Wars did more use the perpetuall Command of the Kings then the temporall Command of the Generals Moreover that for the time that the Monarchy of the Romans was ambitiously climbing or had any trouble they never diminished nor detained any Priviledges from those that were their ablest Confederates not in the least degree as mear reason can sufficiently approve the same And undoubtedly the cruell Wars with the Francks which continually endured from the Raign of Valerian even unto the Monarchy of Iulianus being a hundred years gave such a shrowd pul-down unto the People of the Battavers that by reason thereof it hapned that the Salians who were one of the principall Nations of the Francks first invaded a part of the Iland of the Battavers as I think that part which is nearest unto Over-Isell and with the consent of the Romans and of the Battavers kept the same But when the Quades being a Nation of the Saxons strove to drive them out of their Possession Then did the Emperour Iulianus first by Arms defend his new friends the Salians and afterwards made Peace in such a manner that he united the Quades and the Salians being the valiantest the one Nation of the Francks and the other of the Saxons into one Corporation and name of Battavers And hereupon were certain Legions levied out of these people of the Quades Salians and Battavers to ayd the Romans who as we may understand by Zosimus were all called by the name of Battavers whence appeareth That the Battavers being augmented by the increase of other Nations did maintaine the Priviledges of their Liberty undiminished But especially about this time the State of the Romans in great Brittain being very weak and in great danger they were held up and supported by the Battavers by whose assistance recovering London Civilis who was a Battaver and of Royall blood was then made Governour of great Brittain as in my opinion the very name imports so much being descended from that famous Generall which was in the Raigne of the Emperour Vespasian The fourth Chapter In what Estate the Common-wealth of the Battavers was after the fall of the Roman Monarchy FRom these times untill the first installing of the Earls which was about five hundred years after the Histories are very defective And in the meane time as on the one side The Saxons the the Wiltons the Slavens and thereafter they of Norway and the Danes by Invasions and Robberies had done them very much harm so on the other part it is probable that while they defended their lives and goods and amongst many losses the valour of the Battavers increased but all the rest is very obscure Also at this time they did begin to change their names and the name of Battavia or Betow being shut up in the highest part of the Iland kept still that name And the Battavers whose dwellings were lower in the Iland began to be called Freises the which is not to be marvelled at in regard that in Pliny his time one part of the Battavers were called little Freises or Frisiabons and the very same may appeare in the old Superscriptions That amongst these Battavers which were the Guards of the Emperours were certaine Frisiabones Now it appeared well that the name of Freises pleased them either because that same word in that Language is very neare unto Freedom or Liberty or else because that the Freises being invironed about with great Lakes and Pooles were not very accessible the reunto and being the more invincible were a Refuge unto all other Battavers which lay more open to the Invasions of the barbarous Nations And you shall ever finde that the first Earls were called by no other Title but of the Freises before that ever the name of the Hollanders was known Like as Tacitus at this time and in former times makes mention of the Kings and Generals And Ammianus a little before these times makes