Selected quad for the lemma: state_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
state_n	peace_n	province_n	unite_a	1,120	5	10.2827	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A50498	A narrative of the principal actions occurring in the wars betwixt Sueden and Denmark before and after the Roschild Treaty with the counsels and measures by which those actions were directed : together with a view of the Suedish and other affairs, as they stood in Germany in the year 1675, with relation to England : occasionally communicated by the author to the Right Honourable George, late Earl of Bristol, and since his decease found among his papers.	Meadows, Philip, Sir, 1626-1718.; Bristol, George Digby, Earl of, 1612-1677.	1677 (1677)	Wing M1566; ESTC R36497	38,462	181

of Treating number of Commissioners safe Conducts c. should be adjusted according to the transaction betwixt the two Crowns in the year 1644. Provided that safe conducts in due form be without delay delivered to the Mediators and a reasonable time prefixed by the King of Denmark for meeting of the Commissioners This Reply of the Suede being communicated to the King of Denmark produced from him another Declaration of the third of November 1657. That he also consents to the Transactions in forty four only as to the place of the future Treaty he conceives Lubec or some other Town in that Neighbourhood to be most commodious That the Treaty commence under the mediation of England and of the States General of the United Provinces And so soon as France should Offer him their mediation he would accept thereof And that the designed Peace be not restrained to the two Crowns of Denmark and Sueden but the King of Poland and Elector of Brandenburg be comprehended in the same These things being first accorded by His Majesty of Sueden that he was ready to deliver his safe conducts into the hands of the Mediators It was easie to foresee how this comprehension of the Pole insisted on by the Dane would trouble the whole scene of Affairs which consideration put the English Mediator upon excepting against it as a new proposal forrain to the present question How that the mediation of England was offered only betwixt the two Crowns and so accepted by his Majesty of Denmark without any mention of Poland How that this would render the so much desired Peace tedious and difficult if not impossible for that the differences betwixt Sueden and Denmark were a sudden distemper easily cured if taken in time but those betwixt Sueden and Poland were in the nature of an inveterate malady harder by much to be eradicated That the Great Seal of Poland by which the Ministers of that Crown must be Commissionated as Plenipotentiaries for a Treaty was engraven with the Arms of Sueden which that King would never admit of However this second Declaration of the King of Denmark of the third of November was sent to the King of Sueden and begat another from him of the seventh of December dated at Wismar wherein he declares himself not satisfied with the nomination of Lubec for the place of Treaty as being a recession from the Customs anciently practised betwixt the two Kingdoms and the regulation agreed on in the year 1644. that when occasional differences arose betwixt the two Crowns the Commissioners of both sides should meet upon the Frontiers for adjusting thereof with the more speed Moreover He takes notice of the conquisite delays and difficulties made by the Dane in intermixing other controversies with his own and which have no reference to the Danish War Yet notwithstanding he was willing to grant safe conducts to such Confederates of the Dane as should testifie a desire of being present at a Treaty in any place of the confines And as for the States General after their ratification of the Treaty made by their own Ambassadors at Elbing whereby the friendship betwixt Sueden and them is renewed He would so declare himself on their behalf in case they offer him their mediation for composing this War as should sufficiently prevent any just occasion of complaint To this the King of Denmark rejoyn'd another Answer of the twenty seventh of Decemb. 1657. insisting upon the immediate admission of the States General to the mediation without suspending it upon the previous Act of first ratifying the Elbing Treaty a point which had been depending twelve months and was like to be longer Adheres to the place formerly nominated by him for assembling the Commissioners And that the Pole and Brandenburger should not only have a bare license of being present at the Treaty but that the respective Treaties to be had with them as Confederates and Principals with the Dane in the same War should proceed by the same gradations and measures as that with Denmark The truth is in the reasoning and debate concerning the place of meeting there was a secret drift on both sides unexpressed by either The Dane would have it at Lubec or any other neutral place in Germany convenient for the Pole and Brandenburger to be there present as parties with him whereby to have the opportunity of strengthning each the others hand by a communication of Councils and concerting of Affairs to the promoting of a common Interest On the other hand the Suede would have it on the frontiers over the Baltic whither the Pole and Brandenburger could not with any reasonable convenience come designing thereby to disunite the Confederates by the jealousie of a separate Treaty And perhaps might at the same time have treated openly with the Dane and underhand with the Pole and they two striving to prevent each other in the Peace for fear of being deserted each by other in the War where he found most advantagious conditions granted him there conclude Peace and prosecute the War against the other To prevent this the English Mediator endeavoured to draw from the King of Sueden a previous intimation on what terms and conditions he would rest satisfied in case the King of Denmark would condescend to a separate Treaty That so when the Commissioners came to meet they might have nothing more to doe then to digest the several Articles into form to be signed and sealed and so the business effected before the rumor of a Treaty divulged And likewise partly to facilitate the way of an Agreement and partly to foretaste the temper of Affairs some Conditions were insinuated of the following nature A general Amnesty of what was past Restitution of places taken each upon other A solemn Renewal under good Garranties of the Treaty in 1644. A redress of Grievances relating to Trade And a way ascertained for better prevention of all defraudations in the Sound the pretended cause of the War on the Danish part And to incline the King of Denmark to disjoin his Interests from Poland it was represented by the Mediator what a broken reed Poland had hitherto proved to him Sometimes making proffer to pass their forces over the Oder then presently retreating upon pretence of joining the Austrian foot not so much as entring Pomeren all this while to give the Suedish Army a diversion who lay securely quartered in Holstein and Jutland That the Conditions of the Alliance were mutual and reciprocal which not being performed on the Polish part His Majesty of Denmark was no longer obliged That Confederacies were for mutual safety and not intended to oblige Princes to their Ruine either singly or in company with others That he had the fresh Example of his Heroic Father of happy memory who though he had entred into an Alliance with the Protestant Princes of Germany yet the necessity of his Affairs to recover what was lost and secure what was left constrained him to make a Peace with the Emperor in the

his Countenance having besides his natural Courage the Art of concealing all inward emotions and disturbances under a free and masculine appearance and by seeming to fear nothing deserved to be feared Not but that in conversation he would often testifie a tender resentment for the loss of so many brave men who he thought deserved a better destiny The Prince was so far from being disgraced that the King during his absence made him Commander in Chief of all his Forces in Zeland For the Winter coming on and the Dutch Fleet sailing towards Lubec to Victual and soon after putting into Port and the Enemy at Land breaking up their Campagne gave the King leisure to pass over into Sconen and so to Gottenburg where he held a Convention of the States of his Kingdome for the better facilitating of such new Levies of men and other Contributions which were thought necessary for carrying on his many Wars to some desirable conclusion And as his leisure permitted he intended to make an Excursion to Stockholm that City much desiring to see their King after four years absence But his incessant Labours Care and Watchings brought him to a sharp defluxion that a Feaver and that his end He was cut off in the strength of his days not forty years of Age a Prince of undoubted Courage and unwearied Industry low of stature but of aspiring thoughts of a gross and heavy body of a quick and active mind No man of wit or courage could want Employment in his Court and he had the singular advantage of a happy judgment in discerning men and suiting them to such Affairs to which they were best adapted either by the secret dispositions of Nature or by acquired knowledge His War with Poland covered him with Laurels which bore him nothing but gaudy and unprofitable appearances but the Olive of the Roschild Treaty yielded him nourishing and strengthning fruit His first War with Denmark presented him the fair side of Fortunes medal in the second she turned to him the Reverse He had early been bred a Soldier under General Torstenson in Germany whom he usually called his Master and never named but with great marks of Veneration He passed through the gradations of the Art Military from a Captain of a Troop of Horse to Captain General of as good an Army perhaps as this Age has seen For at the time of the conclusion of the Peace in Germany by the Treaties of Munster and Osnabrug he had under his Command of everal Nations fifty three thoufand Foot and twenty four thoufand Horse in Field and Garrison Besides the Confederate Armies of Marshal Turene and the Landgrave of Hess who acted by concert with him and were at least thirty thousand more He kept to his dying day the Muster-Rols of every Regiment with the names of the Officers some of whom when disbanded upon the Peace he retained by Pensions at his own charge being then but Prince obliging them thereby to his service and foreseeing the use he might one day have of them And has been heard to say that he thought himself a greater man when Captain General in Germany than he was now when King of Sueden He would bewail the loss of so many good places which Sueden demolisht or surrendred and for doing whereof he as Captain General was also constitued Plenipotentiary at the Treaty at Osnabrug amounting to above two hundred Towns Castles and Forts By which it was easie to perceive that he sided in opinion with Chancellour Oxenstiern who when the Spanish Cabal carried all before them at Stockholm having received peremptory Commands from that Court to conclude the Peace in Germany he did it in obedience to the commands of his Superiors but with such regret that he could not forbear to utter those words Anima mea non intravit in secretum eorum He was the son of the Sister of the great Gustaphus Adolphus so famous in the German Story and upon the resignation of his Cosin Christiana was admitted to the Crown of Sueden by the general consent of all the Estates This King thus removed by the stroke of death all things resolv'd into a disposition to a general Peace His Son and Successor was a Minor of five or six years of Age. His Queen was left Regent during the minority of her Son a mild and gentle Lady deriving from the bloud of her Ancestors of the House of Holstein = Gottorp and Saxe a natural candor and benignity She was assisted by the great Officers of the Crown who were willing with peace and quietness to enjoy their share in the Government which the Laws and Constitutions of Sueden allowed them in the minority of their King The Suedes themselves had been harassd and tired out by long Wars and that Martial Nation almost rode off their metal by a more Martial King So that all things conspired on that side to Peace and Settlement On the other side the Queen of Poland a French Lady who had the ascendant in all the affairs of that Kingdom was wrought over by the means of France to a ready Concurrence in a Peace with Sueden Besides that the Pole was of himself readily disposed thereto partly in consideration of the many convulsions and distractions of that Kingdom occasioned by the contrary motions of disagreeing factions and partly in regard of the unprofitableness of a War with Sueden by which much might be lost nothing could be got A Peace is therefore concluded betwixt both Crowns of Poland and Sueden under the mediation of France at a place called Oliva and the Emperour and Brandenburger who were but accessories in the Polish War were easily comprehended in the Peace The onely difficulty was for Denmark the late Suedish King had made great scruple of admitting the States General of the United Provinces as Mediators for composing the War betwixt him and the Dane alledging and declaring that they were parties with the Dane and Enemies to him and that they ought to make their own Peace first before they could be in capacity to interpose for others But the now Suedish Court soon surmounts this difficulty and the four Dutch Deputies Extraordinary who arrived in the summer and went two of them to the Suede and two to the Dane attended with a splendid Retinue I mean with De Ruyter and forty men of War were now accepted by the Suede notwithstanding all former hostilities and provocations as Mediators in the ensuing Treaty This rub being removed the next was the adjusting the terms and conditions of the Peace For the Dane expected his Confederates should have assisted him to the obtaining of such a Peace as might in the conditions thereof have born some proportion to the benefits which they had received by the War and to the loss and hazard which he had sustained For this War of Denmark had drawn the Suede out of the bowels of Poland had delivered the Brandenburger from the imminent danger of having his Countrey made the seat

year 1629. exclusive of his Allies But neither did these Reasons prevail with the King of Denmark to depart from his Alliance with the Pole till a more cogent necessity extorted afterwards from him a separate Treaty Nor was the King of Sueden willing to anticipate the business of his Commissioners by precedaneous intimations of his Demands Nor to content himself as to the terms and conditions of the Peace with less then an honourable amends for the wrong done him But in his jolly way of expression since the Dane had led him so long a dance from Poland to Jutland he was resolved at least to make him pay the fidlers Thus the War of the Cabinet was managed by missives and memorials but that of the field was carried on in a smarter manner The extraordinary violent frost was by this time encreased to such a degree that the little Belt which divides Jutland from the Isle of Funen was so intensely frozen as suggested to the Suedish King an Enterprize full of hazard but not disagreeable to a fearless mind edg'd with Ambition of marching over the ice into Funen with horse foot and Cannon Some little skirmishings there were upon the shoar of the Island if it may be called a shoar where there was no longer Sea and the Dane had in the most commodious landing places made large cuts in the Ice which were soon congeled again though with a softer crust Into one of these a small division of about forty Suedish Horse with a Cornet unwarily fell and were there swallowed up Major General Henderson a Scotch man was posted at Middlefar with a Body of men but upon the Suedes approach deserted his station for which he was after in great danger of a Council of War had not the English Minister seasonably interposed for his rescue The Dane had about three or four thousand foot and two thousand Horse upon the Isle who were all of them defeated and taken and some of them being Germans took party with the Suede invited by the hopes of good booty the plunder of a fertil and well peopled Island The Suede marched directly to Odensea the capital Town spacious and well built which they entred without resistance For as well Funen as the other Danish Isles are all open and unfortified and have no defensible places except Copenhagen and Cronenburg both upon the Isle of Zeland having been ever esteemed sufficiently fortified by being Islands and the Kings of Denmark having been alwaies Masters of a considerable Naval strength But now being no longer considered as such but as contiguous and fastned with the continent they were exposed an easie prey to an adventurous and forward Enemy 'T is observable that this miraculous march over a breadth of the Sea of more than twenty English miles for such is the distance betwixt Funen and Zeland the way the Army marched was the resolve of the King himself contrary to the sense of Wrangel and the principal Officers of his Army and 't is but just he should have the glory of the success who had he miscarried could not have avoided the imputation of temerity The News of the loss of Funen being arrived at Copenhagen brought the more terror with it because besides the loss of so important an Isle it awakened the apprehension that the same Bridge which had let the Suede over the little Belt into Funen might do the like over the great Belt into Zeland Whereupon the King of Denmark sends in haste to the English mediator desiring him to renew with all diligence the former proposal of a separate Treaty which had been for some time interrupted and to set it on foot with all possible Expedition The Mediator being assured of the reality of the King's Intentions dispatches forthwith an Express to the King of Sueden with a Letter the Contents whereof I shall insert as being that upon which the following business turned It acquainted him that the King of Denmark had already nominated and authorised the Lords Joachin Gersdorf Rix Hofmaster and Christian Scheel both Senatours of the Kingdom his Commissioners and Plenipotentiaries to meet treat and conclude with like Commissioners from him at such time and place as he his Majesty of Sueden should please to appoint It requested him on the part and at the Instance of England to depute in like manner his Commissioners to prefix a time and place for meeting to send safe Conducts for him the Mediator and the Danish Commissioners Adding moreover that his Majesty of Sueden being as it were in possession or at least in assurance of an Honourable Peace if he would Please henceforward to suspend Hostility testifying thereby the moderation and temper wherewith he Governed his Prosperity and success he would perform a work worthy the greatness of his Name gratify the neighbouring Princes and States and more especially oblige England by doing it in favour of a particular request This Letter bore date from Copenhagen February the third 1657. To which the King returned Answer by the same messenger from Newberg in Funen February the fifth so quick was the dispatch at a distance of fourscore miles English The King's Answer was as followeth To thank him the Mediator for his diligence in promoting the concerns of a Peace which the Dane had hitherto so obstinately opposed That he was willing to enter immediately upon a Treaty with Denmark under the respective mediations of France and England And since it was left to him to appoint the place and time he gave the King of Denmark the choice either of the Isle of Sproo or of Rudkoping in Langland for the Commissioners sufficiently Authorised on both sides to meet at within eight days after the date of this his Letter That together with this Letter he had sent safe Conducts in due form for him the said English Mediator and for the Danish Commissioners to come stay and return at pleasure That the business required the greater haste because he could promise himself no security in a suspension of Arms. This Answer was a full concession of the desired Treaty but the King would not be complimented out of his advantages into a cessation of Arms well knowing the powerful effects of panic fears from the suddenness of a successful Invasion and that the only way to profit by them is to give no respit for recollecting The Suedish King contiues his march with all possible diligence His nearest way to Zeland had been over the great Belt from Neuburg to Corsure about sixteen miles English but he chuses rather the way of Langland so to Laland Falster which though the farther was the safer because the traject from Island to Island was no where so broad as it was in the Channel of the Belt betwixt Neuburg and Corsure The forementioned dispatch with the safe Conducts from the King of Sueden being arrived at Copenhagen the Danish Commissioners accompanied with the English Mediator put themselves without delay upon their journey towards Rudcoping in