priuiledge of age and sex euen where the Parents leaue Children lawfully begotten I returne to the foresaid Prouinces which I said to be vnited in mutuall league for their defence against the Spaniards The said Prouinces at the first breaking out of the ciuill warre when Antwerp was besieged humbly and instantly besought Elizabeth Queene of England to vndertake their patronage and defence and to encourage and giue her more power offered her the Soueraignety of those Prouinces but the most wise Queene with graue counsell and for weighty reasons refused to take them for Subiects Perhaps among other reasons of greater weight fearing lest vndertaking that warre as Queene of the Prouinces most part of the burthen thereof should fall vpon her English subiects thinking it probable that the Netherlanders being a people which had often taken Armes against their Prince of all other things least bearing new taxes and impositions which they professed next the persecution for Religion to be the chiefe cause of this warre would alwaies be apt to stir vp sedition when her Maiesty as their Prince should impose but half the tributes customes which themselues by general consent for loue of liberty haue imposed born with incredible patience during this warre And howsoeuer her Maiesty desired their liberty should be preserued yet the peace betweene England and Spaine howsoeuer shaken by many iniuries on both sides prouoking desire of reuenge notwithstanding was not yet fully broken And it seemes probable to me not knowing those counsels but by coniecture that her Maiesty being a woman the King of Spaine being powerfull and some of her Subiects being alienated from her for the reformation of Religion thought it more wisdome to suffer warre for her iust defence then her selfe openly to beginne the same yet would shee not altogether neglect the afflicted people of those Prouinces but resolued with the States thereof that they should make Count Maurice sonne to the Prince of Orange Generall of their Army gouerning their owne affaires and her Maiesty should professe the defence of that afflicted people with whom England alwaies had strict league of trade and amity till meanes might be vsed for restoring them to the King of Spaines fauour Whereupon at the instant suite of the States the tenth of August in the yeere 1585 her Maiesty granted them an aide of fiue thousand Foot and a thousand Horse to whom her Maiesty was to giue pay during the warre yet so as the Prouinces were bound to make restitution of all her expences when the warre should be composed and for pledge of performance should giue into her Maiesties hands the Towne of Vlishing in Zealand with the adioining Castle of Rammekins to be kept with a Garrison of seauen hundred English foote and the Towne of Brill with some adioining Forts to be kept with a Garrison of 450 English Foot the said Prouinces being bound as I said to make reall satisfaction to her Maiesty at the end of the warre for all expences aswel of the said Forces as of these Garrisons which amounted yeerly to the summe of one hundred twenty six thousand pounds sterling And her Maiesty for the safety of her neighbours bore this intollerable burthen till the yeere 1594 at which time Sir Thomas Bodley Knight her Maiesties Ambassadour for those Prouinces by a new transaction diminished those great expences the wealth of those Prouinces being then much increased aswell by the concourse of Merchants leauing desolate Flanders to dwell in that flourishing State as because they had brought many Countries by right of warre to yeeld them contributions namely all the Sea Coast of Brabant some part of Flanders with the Countries vulgarly called Ommelands Drent Twent Linghen Limbrough and Walkenbrough and had greatly increased their tributes aswel in Holland Zeland Freesland and Vtrecht as in Guelderland Zutphan Dlandt ouer Ysell and lastly had taken many strong Townes of no small moment namely Deuenter Zutphan Nimmenghen Stonwicke Bredaw Hulst Steneberg and Groninghen The state of those Prouinces being as I said thus increased and her Maiesty being forced for many yeeres to keepe a strong army at home to subdue the Irish Rebels her Maiesties Ambassadour at the foresaid time made a new transaction with the States for diminishing the charge of the English Forces seruing them And this helpe so long giuen by her Maiesty to the vnited Prouinces cannot seeme of smal moment For howsoeuer the Queen did not alwaies keepe the full number of the said Forces and sometimes called home or cashiered part of them yet shee did alwaies maintaine the greatest part decreasing or increasing the same according to the necessity of the present affaires and imploied the Forces called home onely in voiages by Sea profitable aswell to the vnited Prouinces as to England and that for a short time of Sommer seruice after sending them backe to serue the States The States who gouerne these Prouinces if they haue made no change in particulars which at pleasure they both can and vse to doe are graue men Counsellors or Burgesses vulgarly called States chosen by the people of each City and Towne not for a limited time but during pleasure and with full power who residing in the chief City of the Prouince haue care all iointly of the prouinciall affaires and each particularly of his Cities or Townes affaires And this Counsell must needes be distracted with diuers opinions arising from the diuers affaires of each Prouince City Town and the seuerall commandements they receiue at home These prouinciall States chuse among themselues one two or three Burgesses for each Prouince according to the condition and capacity of those that are chosen for how many soeuer they be they haue but one voice for their Prouince at generall meetings and these they send to reside at Hage in Holland with like authority as they haue there to gouerne the publike affaires of all the vnited Prouinces and they are called the generall States And as the prouinciall States may be diminished in number or increased according to the occasions of the publike businesse or of any particular meeting and may bee called home by the Citizens who chuse them so the generall States chosen by them to reside at Hage enioy their places vpon like condition And out of these generall States certaine chosen men are made Counsellors to order the affaires of warre and to assist and direct the Generall of the Army therein Others are set ouer the affaires of the Admiralty others ouer the Chauncery of Brabant and others ouer diuers particular Offices I call them Counsellors of the Chauncery of Brabant who manage the affaires of Brabant belonging to Holland This must alwaies be vnderstood that the Burgesses or States of Holland in respect of the dignity of that Prouince many waies increased and inriched aboue the rest haue somewhat more authority and respect then any other but the wheele of the publike State is turned by the Senate of the generall States residing
in the morning to twelue We come out at first tenne companions in this iourney but at the very comming out 〈◊〉 six of them left vs despairing to passe against a contrary winde in a foule rainy day and their feet sticking fast in the dirt and they mocked at our obstinacy in going Within a while my selfe was wet to the skinne and my shooes at euery step were almost to the off so as I was forced to binde them on with foure points neither did any of vs looke backe at his fellow to helpe him if hee could not follow and if I should haue fallen into the Sea I am confident none of them would haue come back to succour me After we had gone halfe a mile one of our foure companions being a young man with a blacke beard able body would not goe one foot further though he had but one Stiuer in his purse and was forced to borrow money of vs that he might stay in a poore Ale-house When we came to Aldernsea the Free-booters spies came to the Inne gaped vpon vs so as though I were wet to the skin yet I durst not pull off any thing to dry sest my inward garments better then my vpper should betray my disguise neither durst I call for wine and spend freely lest they should thinke I had store of money Each of vs paied seuen Stiuers for his dinner Here another of our companions left vs being so tired as hee went to bed without eating one bit So as now I had onely one companion left called Anthony a man of little stature and a Citizen of Emden We so be free of this dangerous iourney went forward and as we came out of the Village the Free-booters spies came close to vs and beheld vs narrowly but seeing vs all couered with dirt they tooke vs for poore men and a prey vnfit to be followed Wee gathering vp strength went on till at last wee were so weary as hauing no strength to chuse our way wee cast away our staues and went almost vp to the knees in dirt in the lower way At last hauing gone one mile as me thought wondrous long from one of the clocke in the afternoone to fiue wee came to Emden where my selfe entring the gate could not stand till the Souldiers writ our names but had lyen downe on the ground if they had not giuen mee a seat Now being out of all danger of the Free-booters in giuing my name I wrote my selfe an English-man the standers by not a little wondring that I had put my self to this dangerous passage And truly this iourney if it were free from all danger yet the ill diet and lodging would yeeld trouble enough for which I appeale to Lipsius who hath pleasantly written of the entertainement in West-Phalen and Oldenburg The Citie of Emden lies in the vtmost border of the Empire and is onely diuided by the Riuer Emsz from the vnited Prouince of Netherland and by an Inland Sea from West Freez-land being one of them The Countrey about Emden aboundeth with villages and from a Tower at Goricome a man may see at once vpon a saire day twenty two walled Townes Not farre from this City neere 〈◊〉 is the place where the Duke of Alūa defeated the forces of Lodwick of Nassaw his Dutch-men refusing to fight except they were first paied All the fields about Emden are drowned in winter and the City lying vpon the Sea for want of fresh waters they dresse most of their meat with raine water The aire is very vnhealthfull but the City is fairely built of bricke and the Citizens are very curteous On the South side the Riuer Emsz washeth the City with his salt streames on which side is the Hauen and the Citizens are said to haue some three score ships of a hundred tunnes a peece and some six hundred barkes of their owne In the Church-yard on this side many peeces of Ordinance are laid towards Leere and Dunort the Counts Fort and the like are laid vpon the Hauen and some places of aduantage for the City hath no walles on this side On the West side beyond the water lyeth Marish ground to the mouth of the Sea and vpon this side is a strong old Castle On the North side the City is compassed with a wall of earth and deepe ditches full of water and there be two strong gates Belgar-port and New-port without which the fields are Fenny On this side there is a passage by boat to the suburbes on the East side where the fields without the towne are faire pastures in summer but all ouerflowed in winter and vpon the Rampier of the wall are many Winde-mils The City is of a round forme if it were not somewhat longer from the East to the West At Emden they pay ordinarily six Stiuers a meale three stiuers for a quart of English beere eleuen Stiuers for a quart of Spanish wine thirteene Stiuers a quart of Rhenish wine and seuen Stiuers for French wine my selfe paid for supper and breakfast twenty three Stiuers CHAP. IIII. Of my iourney from Emden in Germany to Leyden in Holland and through the vnited Prouinces of the Low-Countries ON Thursday the twenty seuen of October in the yeere 1592 I tooke ship after dinner at Emden being to saile into West Freesland one of the vnited Prouinces and paied for my passage tenne Stiuers The same night wee cast anchor neere Vrspenhurn a Fort seated beyond the Emsz and belonging to the States of the vnited Prouinces and beyond this Port towards Plaunders on the same side of the Emsz lieth the Territory of the City Groning seated in an Iland rich in pastures and at this time gouerned by a Spanish Garrison which the Citizens had willingly receiued though the States after besieged this City and droue out the Spaniards and vnited the City to the rest As we lay at Anchor two little Ilands lay on the North side one subiect to Emden the other to Groning and beyond them lay the German Sea On Friday wee set saile with a scant winde and towards night were left vpon a Flat vulgarly called Gat where the water forsaking vs we walked out of the ship vpon the sand compassed round about with the Sea till the same flowing backe againe our ship floated On Saterday we set saile againe and towards night rested vpon a like Flat expecting the floud Three of these Flats are in this Inland sea and there be two like Flats in the Inland sea beteene Freesland and Holland At last wee landed on Sunday in Freesland at the Village Aniou lying neere the Sea shore whether wee hired a sledge for eight stiuers and were drawne thither ouer the yce and snow After we had dined for twelue stiuers each man whereof more then halfe was reckoned for drinke we went in a skeut by water in foure houres space one mile to Dockam and each man paid for his passage foure stiuers and a halfe we could not passe
to the vttermost part of the Iland Also on this side is a new Hauen made for ships in the winter time and the gate is called Rammakins Port of the said Castle On the West side you may see Vlishing a mile off and in a cleere day the Downes of Kent in England On this side within the wals is a round market place and the Senate-house of anticke building and two Gates called of the Cities to which they leade Vlishing port and Longe-ville port On the North side is an Abbey and pleasant walking and another publike House for exercise of shooting This populous City hath onely two Churches either because the people being of many sects in Religion and much occupied in trafficke scarce the third part comes to Church or else because the people being much increased by strangers comming to dwell in these parts vpon the stopping of the passage to Antwerp in the ciuill warres it is no wonder that the old Churches will not receiue them The Citizens may at pleasure drownd all the fields about them And this one and the chiefe Iland of Zealand called Walkerne containeth siue walled Cities besides Villages but the aire is reputed vnwholsome Midleburge is the chiefe place of trafficke in Zealand as Amsterdam in Holland From hence I went in a long Waggon couered with hoopes and cloth to Vlishing a long mile and paid for my passage two blankes Ten English foot companies one hundred and fifty in each company vnder the gouernment of Sir Robert Sidney kept this strong Towne for the Queene of England and vnder her pay being ingaged to her for money lent the States and the ten Captaines in course watched each third night The City is little and of a round forme but very strong It hath a narrow Sea on the West side where vpon the last confines of Zealand and the vnited Prouinces is one of the three passages whereof I formerly spake to the Maine Sea On this side is the Mountaine of the Mill where the Souldiers watch nightly and beyond the Mountaine is a damme to let in the Sea at pleasure On the South side is the Gate Waterport strongly fortified lying vpon the Inland Sea On this side towards the North the Sea flowing into the Towne maketh one Hauen and towards the East another and diuideth the City into three parts the Old the New and the Middle whereof any one being taken by the enemy yet the other are fortified for defence Beyond these Hauens or channels is a Mountaine lying ouer the City vpon which the Souldiers kept guards day and night as they did likewise vpon the Bridge diuiding the Cities and vpon other lower hils at all the gates of the City and in prayer time at the doore of the English Church This Church is on the East side and is common to the English and Dutch at diuers houres Betweene the high mountaine this Church was the Gouernours House belonging of old to the Counts of Zealand and the publike house for exercise of shooting but lesse pleasant then the like houses are in other Cities On the same East side lie two waies one to Rammakins Castle the other to Midleburge On the North side the Downes of Kent in England may easily be seene and there is the Hospitall or Gast-house for sicke people and for sicke and maimed souldiers of which a Mountaine thereby hath the name On this and the East sides are two Mils to retaine the water when the Sea ebs that the ditches round about may alwaies be filled and if need be to ouerflow the fields These ditches are commonly a pikes depth and can by no art or enemy be dried The Citizens want good water hauing no wels nor any fresh water but raine water kept in Cesternes The foresaid number of Souldiers in the Garrison was not sufficient to master the Citizens onely their couragious minds dispising death kept the Citizens in such awe as they durst not attempt to recouer their liberty by force which they hoped to obtaine by peaceable meanes and the vnited Prouinces depended vpon the opinion of the Queenes aid perhaps more then vpon the aid it selfe so as either failing they were like to be a prey to the Spaniards Since that time I heard the Garison was diminished so as it seemes the English had lesse strength to keepe it if the States changing their minds should attempt to surprise it Being inuited by my English friends I spent nothing in this City Hence I returned to Midleburge on foot vpon a paued causcy hauing on each side rich corne fields and faire pastures with many orchards and in the mid-way a Gentleman called Aldegondey famous for his wisdome hath his Castle wherein he dwelt At Midleburge I paid six stiuers for my supper and two for my bed and prouiding victuals to carry by Sea I paid for a loyne of mutton twenty foure stiuers as also for my washing seuen stiuers and staying in the Towne two daies I spent in all foure guldens and foure stiuers I tooke ship at ten in the morning and betweene the Iland Der-goese and the Inland Sea called Zurechsea I saw two Towers of Villages swallowed in the foresaid deluge and sayling by the Iland Plate and the Iland of Brill we passed certaine booyes directing to find the channell The next day in the afternoone I landed at Roterodam in Holland and paid ten stiuers for my passage Thence I passed in two houres space by boat to Delph and paid two stiuers for my passage Thence in two houres space I passed to the Hage by Waggon and paid for my passage two stiuers for which iourney one man alone may hire a Waggon for seuen stiuers At the Hage Count Maurice with his mother in law the Countesse of Orange born of the Noble Family of the Chastillons in France and the Generall States of the vnited Prouinces and Princes Ambassadours haue their residence which made me desirous to stay here a while to which purpose I hired a chamber for which for my bed sheets tableclothes towels and dressing of my meat I paid twenty fiue stiuers weekely I bought my owne meat and liuing priuatly with as much frugality as conueniently I might I spent by the weeke no more then fiue guldens and a halfe though all things were in this place extraordinarily deere My beere in one weeke came to foureteene stiuers and among other things bought I paid for a quarter of lambe thirty stiuers for a Hen seuen stiuers for a Pigeon foure stiuers for a Rabet three stiuers I remember not to haue seene a more pleasant village then this great part of the houses are fairely built of bricke though many of them in by-streetes be couered with thatch and some few are stately built of free-stone The village hath the forme of a Crosse and vpon the East side comming in from Leyden there is a most pleasant Groue with many wild walkes like a maze and neerer the houses is another very pleasant walke
in Vlster Besides that vpon arriuall of forraine treasure great multitudes of those Scots were like to flocke vnto them And to the same end Tyrone had made strong fastnesses or intrenchments as well vpon the passages of Loughfoyle and Ballishanon where he left forces to resist the English Garrisons to be sent thither as at the Blackewater and Ballinemoyree himselfe purposing to meet the English Army in the woods of Ballinemoyree betweene Dundalke and the Newry where he hoped to make some of the best to drop and after to fall backe at his pleasure to like fights of aduantage which he had prepared at the Blackewater So as the onely meanes suddenly to breake those rebels was to hier 4000. Redshankes to breake in vpon them by aduantage of their rowing boates into the heart of Tyrone betweene these intrenchments where they might easily take from him all his wealth consisting in cattell and there intrench themselues and in despite of all Tyrones forces be supplied with all necessaries from the Scottish Ilands And indeed to this purpose the Lord Bourgh if he had not beene preuented by sudden death had contracted with those Scots promising 4000. men for the first moneths pay 1200. pound the chiefe Leader a Colonels pay and certaine Captaines the pay of a Captaine of 100 men After which moneth their Septs were to be cessed for their victuals vpon such countreys as they must haue fought with the Rebels for euery morsell Namely the sons of Agnus mac Connell with their Sept vpon the Route the Glinnes and North Clandeboy who for the pretence they had to inherite that Countrey would prosecute Iames mac Surley the possesser thereof to the vttermost Donnel Grome and his Sept vppon Yuogh being Mac Genis his Countrey The Mac Lanes and their Sept vpon the South Clandeboy and the Duffren All which Septs were to put in pledges to the Lord Bourgh not to prey any vnder the Queenes protection and to depart the Kingdome when his Lordship should please no longer to make vse of their seruice The fiue and twenty of Iune during the said Mounster iourney the Lord Liefetenant wrote vnto the Queene this Letter following VVHen this shall come to your Maiesties hands I know not but whensoeuer it hath that Honour giue it leaue I humbly beseech your Maiesty to tell you that hauing now passed through the Prouinces of Lemster and Mounster and been vppon the Frontire of Connaght where the Gouernour and the chiefe of the Prouince were with me I dare begin to giue your Maiesty some aduertisement of the state of this Kingdome not as before by heare-say but as I beheld it with mine owne eyes The people in generall haue able bodies by nature and haue gotten by custome ready vse of armes and by their late successes boldnes to fight with your Maiesties troopes In their pride they value no man but themselues in their affections they loue nothing but idlenesse and licentiousnesse in their rebellion they haue no other end but to shake off the yoake of obedience to your Maiesty and to root out all remembrance of the English Nation in this Kingdome I say this of the people in generall for I find not onely the greater part thus affected but that it is a generall quarrell of the Irish and they who doe not professe it are either so few or so false that there is no accompt to be made of them The Irish Nobility and Lords of Countreys doe not onely in their hearts affect this plausible quarrell and are diuided from vs in religion but haue an especiall quarrell to the English gouernement because it limitteth and tieth them who euer haue beene and euer would be as absolute Tyrants as any are vnder the Sunne The Townes being inhabited by men of the same religion and birth as the rest are so carried away with the loue of gaine that for it they will furnish the rebels with all things that may arme them or inable them against the State or against themselues The wealth of the Kingdome which consisteth in cattle oate-meale and other victuals is almost all in the Rebels hands who in euery Prouince till my comming haue beene Masters of the field The expectation of all these Rebels is very present and very confident that Spaine will either so inuade your Maiesty that you shall haue no leisure to prosecute them here or so succour them that they will get most of the Townes into their hands ere your Maiesty shall relieue and reinforce your Army So that now if your Maiesty resolue to subdue these Rebels by force they are so many and so framed to be Souldiers that the warre of force will be great costly and long If your Maiesty will seeke to breake them by factions amongst themselues they are couetous and mercinary and must be purchased and their Iesuites and practising Priests must be hunted out and taken from them which now doe sodder them so fast and so close together If your Maiesty will haue a strong party in the Irish Nobility and make vse of them you must hide from them all purpose of establishing English gouernement till the strength of the Irish be so broken that they shall see no safety but in your Maiesties protection If your Maiesty will be assured of the possession of your Townes and keepe them from supplying the wants of the Rebels you must haue garrisons brought into them able to command them and make it a capital offence for any Merchant in Ireland to trade with the Rebels or buy or sell any armes or munition whatsoeuer For your good subiects may haue for their mony out of your Maiesties store that which shall be appointed by order and may serue for their necessary defence whereas if once they be tradable the Rebels will giue such extreme and excessiue prices that they will neuer bee kept from them If your Maiesty will secure this your Realme from the danger of inuasion assoone as those which direct mannage your Maiesties intelligences giue notice of the preparations and readinesse of the enemy you must be aswell armed and prouided for your defence which prouision consists in hauing forces vpon the Coast inroled and trained in hauing Magazines of victuall in your Maiesties West and North-west parts ready to be transported and in hauing ships both of warre and transportation which may carry and waft them both vpon the first allarum of a discent The enroling and training of your subiects is no charge to your Maiesties owne cofers The prouiding of Magazines will neuer be any losse for in vsing them you may saue a Kingdome and if you vse them not you may haue your old store sold and if it be well handled to your Maiesties profit The arming of your Maiesties ships when you heare your enemy armes to the Sea is agreeable to your owne prouident and Princely courses and to the pollicy of all Princes and states of the World But to returne to Ireland againe as I haue shewed your Maiesty
forraigne vices or vertues but with Brutus that they will they will too much For Bohemia and Switzerland that seated in the center of Germany this on the Northwest side of the Alpes I haue contained their Geohraphicall description in that of Germany and haue spoken something of them in this discourse of Germany It remaines to adde something of them touching the particular subiects of this Chapter The Bohemians drinke the Wines of Hungarie being much better then those of Germany and haue much better Beere in regard they haue great plenof Corne and the Sweitzers drinke the delicate Wines of Italy Neither of their traffickes is comparable to that of Germany because Bohemia is farre within land and hath no great commodities to bee exported and Sweitzerland is addicted to the mercinarie seruice of forraigne Princes in their warres changing their cattell for the VVines of Italy and content with their owne so they want not plenty of good drinke Some Cantones of the Sweitzers make great gaine of spinning wooll whereof they make pieces of cloth some 134 elles long and lest couetousnes of priuate men might preiudice the common good they appoint ouerseers to this trade who punish all fraudes seuerely and some capitally For foode they abound with Hony Butter and Milke and haue plenty of Venson found in the wilde Alpes and especially of excellent sorts of fish by reason of their frequent Lakes In publike Innes a meale is giuen for sixe or seuen batzen They are hospitall towards strangers and among themselues they haue publike houses where they meete and shoote with Crosebow and musket with like exercises There they sometimes eate together and inuite guests to these houses as to a Tauerne And to the end all things may there be done with more modesty the tables of the Magistrates and all other sorts of men are in one and the same roome In meates they vse moderation and for drinking vse farre lesse excesse then the Saxons somewhat lesse then they of vpper Germany They haue strict lawes to imprison Drunkards for a yeere and at solemne feasts the vulgar sort are admonished to behaue themselues modestly yet drunkennesse hath such patronage among the best sort as it cannot be banished They bragge of their ancient temperance and say that excesse came into the Commonwealth together with the accepting of military stipends from forraigne Princes Bohemia abounds with Corne Cattle Fish as plenty of Salmons Woods good Horses but heauy like those of Freesland and with Niter which it is death to carry out yet for gaine of fifty in the hundred there want not who hazard that danger I say it hath the commodities and also produceth Wines but very sharpe and vnpleasant and hath some mines of mettals Howsoeuer it bee much more Southerly then England yet the Italian fruits as figges are there most rare which in Winter they keepe in cellers and onely in Summer time set them abroad in Gardens and in like sort but with great difficulty they preserue Rosemary but they haue no Lawrell at all The men drinke if it be possible more then the Germans and are much more subiect to gluttony and their women swill Wine and Beere daily and in great excesse which to the Germans is most reprochfull In the Innes they giue large dyet for some fiue Bohemish grosh a meale and vpon the confines of Germany towards Nurnberg for some twenty creitzers a meale But the Bohemians eate often in the day and sit almost continually at the Table and since at Prage and in many other places all things are sold out of the Innes after the maner of Poland the Bohemians seldome eat at an ordinary but demand what meate they will vpon a reckoning For the rest Boemerland and Sweitzerland little differ from Germany for the diet the Hosts the Innes excesse of drinking or any like things CHAP. IIII. Of the vnited Prouinces in Netherland and of Denmarke and Poland touching the said subiects of the precedent third Chapter THE longitude of Netherland lyes or extends seuen degrees and a halfe from the Meridian of twenty two degrees and a halfe to that of thirty degrees and the Latitude lyes or extends fiue degrees from the paralell of forty eight degrees and a halfe to that of fifty three degrees and a halfe It is called Netherland as a Country lying low and the people for language and manners hath great affinitie with the Germans both being called Dutchmen by a common name Of old this Country was a part of Gallia transalpina that is beyond the Alpes from Italy which was subdeuided into Comata and Narbonensis and againe Comata so called of the peoples long haire was subdeuided into Aquitanica Celtica or Lugdunensis and Belgica This part called Belgica containes the Lowcountries whose dominion hath been by marriage deriued from the Burgundian family to that of Austria and some diuide this Countrie into seuenteene Prouinces whereof some still remaine subiect to the King of Spaine others of which I am to speake being vnited in league haue recouered their libertie by the sword and at this time did make warre with the Spaniard about the same But some Maps among these seuenteene Prouinces reckon the County of Valkenburg which is part of the Dukedome of Limburg other Maps make Mechlin and Antwerp to bee Prouinces which are both contained in the Dukedome of Brabant Therefore I better approue those who diuide the whole Country into fifteene Prouinces namely the Counties of Artois of Flanders of Hanaw of Zeland of Holland of Zutphan and of Namurs and the Dukedomes of Luxenburg of Brabant of Limburg and of Gelderland and the territories of West-Freesland of Groning of Vtrecht of Transisola 1 The County of Artois hath many faire Cities whereof Arras is the chiefe giuing the name to the Prouince and to those rich hangings wherwith our great men adorne their Pallaces 2 Flanders is the largest County the chiefe Cities whereof are Ghant where the Emperour Charles the fifth was borne and Bruges whether great concourse of Merchants was made of old so as the strangers hearing no other name but Flanders did by custome impose the name of Flanders on all the fifteene Prouinces and the name of Flemmings on all the inhabitants Flanders hath other Cities namely Calleis Dunkerk Ostend and Sleuse all lying on the Sea coast whereof Sleuse is a Municipall Village of Bruges but at this time was it selfe strongly fortified and Ostend taken from the Spaniards by the States of the vnited Prouinces was at this time committed by them and vnder their pay to the custody of an English Garrison vnder Sir Edward Norreys Knight This Prouince yeelds plenty of Corne and Flax and is very rich with making Linnen and Woollen Cloathes It hath excellent pastures and is inriched with Cheese Butter Oyle made of Rape-rootes Salt and the fishing of Herrings but it yeelds no Wine The famous Wood Arduenna lies in the confines thereof towards land where
it aboundeth with Wood but towards the Sea they burne Turfe made of earth and also burne Cow dung 3 The County of Hanaw hath the Principality of Arscot vnited to the Dukedome of Brabant by which the Dukes sonne hath the title of Prince The chiefe Cities of this County are Mons and Valinciennes It hath mines yeelding Leade and Marble of many colours and a good kind of Coales 4 The County of Zeland is by situation the first of the Vnited Prouinces consisting of many Ilands whereof seuen are principall and the chiefe is Walcherne the chiefe Citie whereof is Midleburg famous for trafficke and the Staple for Spanish and French Wines Neere that is the City Vlishing strongly fortified being the chiefe of the Forts then ingaged to the Crowne of England and kept by an English Garrison vnder the command of Sir Robert Sidney Knight for the second Fort ingaged to England lyes in another Iland and is called Brill being then kept by an English Garrison vnder the command of the Lord Barrows All these Ilands are fertile and yeeld excellent Corne more plentifully then any other Prouince so as one aker thereof is said to yeeld double to an aker of Brabant But they haue no sweete water nor good aire and for want of wood burne turffe They take plenty of sea-fishes which they Salt and carry into other Countries Madder for dying of wooll growes there plentifully which likewise they export and grow rich by selling these commodities as likewise Spanish and French Salt and like trafficke 5 The County of Holland called of old Battauia and inhabited by the Chatti as Tacitus writes is in situation the second of the vnited Prouinces but the first in dignity The Cities whereof are Amstelrodam famous for trafficke Rhoterodam where Erasmus was borne Leyden an Vniuersity Harlem Dort the staple for the Rhenish Wines and Delph all very faire Cities And I may not omit the most pleasant Village of the Hage called Grauenhage because the Counts Court was there and it is now the seate of the vnited States wanting onely wals to make it numbred among the most pleasant Cities being no doubt a Village yeelding to none for the pleasant seat This Prouince doth so abound with lakes pooles of water and artificiall ditches as it giues passage by water as well as by land to euery City and poorest Village which are infinite in number And these ditches itoweth for the most part to the Riuer Rheine For the Rheine of old running towards Leyden did fall a little below it into the Sea but at this day by reason the Land is low and subiect to ouerflowings it hath changed the bed and at Lobecum in the Dukedome of Cleue deuides it selfe into many branches The first runnes to Arnheim a City of Gelderland then to Vaua Rena and Battouodurum where Lecca receiues his waters and takes away the name from the Rheine yet so as a little branch thereof still holds the name of Rheine which running to Mastricht there deuides into two one whereof fals into Vecta and so into an arme of the Sea neere Munda the other runnes by Woerden and after a long course necre Leyden is deuided into fiue little branches whereof three fall into a lake and the fourth turnes to Renoburg and leeseth it selfe in mountaines of sand neere the Village Catwicke I remember that the water falling through Leyden is called Rheine so as I thinke it probable that all the standing waters lying betweene the seuerall pastures there come from the Rheine after it hath lost the name I said that the Rheine at Battouodurum is called Lecca which runnes to Culenburg and to Viana where in a ditch is the fountaine of Isala which runnes to 〈◊〉 Thus to omit the little branch at Battouodurum the first branch of the Rheine is lost in the Riuers Lecca and Isala The second branch bends from Lobecum to Neomagum and fals into the Brooke Meroutus taking the name of the old Family of Kings among the Gals where is an old Castle compassed with the Brooke and of the same name then running to Dort in Holland it receiues the foresaid Lecca and Isala and so neere Rhoterodame fals into the Mosa and vnder that name fals neere Brill into the German Sea The third branch of the Rheine running from Lobecum within two miles of Arnheime fals into the ditch of Drusus or rather of Germanicus and so runnes to Dewsborows the City of Drusus where it receiues the old Isala springing in Westphalia and by the name of Isala or Isell running to Zutphane and then to Deuentry fals into Tatus at Amstelrodame and by an arme of the Sea is carried to West-Freesland and so fals into the German Sea neere the Iland Flye 5 To returne to my purpose Holland is little in circuite but abounds with people and dwellings and being poore of it selfe is most rich by industrie and wanting both Wine and Corne yet furnisheth many Nations with both Neither Wooll nor Flax grow there but of both brought in to them they make linnen clothes much prised and also Woollen both carried to the very Indies I need not speake of Holland Cheeses so vulgarly knowne and much esteemed Lastly Holland is famous for the traffique of all commodities and the Romans so highly esteemed the Fortitude and faithfulnes of the old Battani as they had a Band of them for their Guard 6 The County of Zutphane is accompted part of Gelderland and subdued by the States Arinie was ioyned to the vnited Prouinces in the yeere 1591. 7 The County of Namures so called of the Cheese Citie hath Mines of Iron and plenty of stony Coale contrarie to all other Coales in that it is quenched by the infusion of Oyle It hath also an ill smell which they take away by the sprinckling of Salt and it burnes more cleere hauing water cast vpon it This County hath also quarries of Free-stone and of Marble of diuers colours 8 The Dukedome of Luxenburg hath the name of the chiefe Citie and the inhabitants of the vpper part are Germanes but they of the lower parts are like the French in language and Manners 9 The Dukedom of Brabant hath faire Cities namely Antwerp most famous before the ciuil War because Maximilian of Austria brought thither frō Bruges in Flanders the famous traffique of all Nations by a ditch drawne to Sluce onely to bee failed vpon at the flowing of the Sea tides At this day forsaken of Merchants it lies ouergrowne with grasse and the said trafficke inricheth Holland and the vnited Prouinces The next City is Brissell of old the seate of the Dukes and now of the Spanish Gouernours Then Louan a famous Vniuersity Then Mechlin subiect to the vnited States Then Bergen-ap-zome a fortified City at this time committed to the custody of Sir Thomas Morgan Knight with an English Garrison The Inhabitants of this Dukedome were of old called Tungri 10 The Dukedome of Limburg hath Mastricht for the chiefe City
the Bishoprick of Licge pertaines to it wherein the City of Liege is the Bishops seate and the territory thereof yeelds a little quantity of a small wine and hath Mines yeelding a little Iron some leade and brimstone and a very little quantity of good gold The Mountaines yeeld a black Alablaster with marble and other stones especially stony coales in great quantity which being there found at first are now called generally Liege Coales 11 The Dukedome of Gelderland was of old inhabited by the Menappij and Sieambri and aboundeth with excellent pastures and meadowes so as great Heards of Cattle brought thither out of Denmarke to be sold are for great part fatted there The chiefe City is Nimmengen the second Harduike a fortified City subiect to the vnited States and the third Arnheim also subiect to them 12 The Territory of West-Freessand is diuided as Holland with artificiall ditches and aboundeth with eocellent pastures for fatting of the greatest heards of Cattle and yeeldeth it selfe all kinds of cattle of extraordinary bignesse as Horses of Freesland vulgarly knowne It hath many Cities where of the chiefe are Lewerden Dockam Fronikar an Vniuersity and Harlingen not to speake of nine other Townes fortified with wals and ditcbes This Territory is subiect or associated to the vnited States 13 The Territory of Groningen made part of Freesland by Cosmagraphers is also subiect to the States and hath the name of the chiefe City strongly fortified and seated in a fenny soyle 14 The Territory of Vtrecht is also associated vnder the same vnited States whose chiefe and very pleasant City is called Vtrecht 15 The Territory of Transisole vulgarly called De land ouer Ysseli the Land beyond Yssell is also associated to the vnited States whereof the chiefe City is Deuentry which besieged by the States Army in the yeere 1591 was then subdued and it lies neerer to the Sea It hath another City called swoll The vnited Prouinces of Netherland through which onely I did passe haue a most intemperate Aire the Winter cold being excessiue and the Summers heat farre exceeding the ordinary heate of that clime The reason of the cold is that the Northerne winds of themselues ordinarily cold doe here in a long course on all sides glide vpon the German Sea thereby gathering farre greater cold and so rush into those plaine Prouinces no where stopped either by mountaines or woods there being no Mountaines scarce any hils no woods scarce any groues to hinder them from violent passage with their vttermost force Like reason may be giuen for the heate For the same open Plaine no way shaddowed from the beames of the Sunne by opposition of Woods or Mountaines must needs in Summer be subiect to the heate of the Sunne and winds from land Adde that in Winter the frequent Riuers Lakes and Pooles or standing waters in finitely increase the coldnesse of the aire These waters aswell running as standing are almost all Winter frosen ouer with a thicke ice so as they will beare some hundreths of young men and women sliding vpon them with pattins according to their custome Yea the Arme of the Sea called Zwidersea lying within land betweene Holland and Freseland though it be large and deepe hauing only two flats or shoales yet being compassed with Ilands and the Continent is many times in Winter so frosen ouer as Victualers erect Tents in the middest of it hauing Beere and Wine and fier made vpon iron furnaces to refresh such as passe vpon sledges or sliding vpon iron patterns from one shoare to the other This cold is the cause why their sheepe and cattell are kept in stables to bring forth their young And howsoeuer the same be done in Italy subiect to great heate yet it is not of necessitie as here but out of the too great tendernesse of the Italians towards the few cattle they haue And this is the cause that how soeuer they vse not hot stoaues as the Germans doe yet the Weomen as well at home as in the Churches to driue away cold put vnder them little pannes of fier couered with boxes of wood boared full of holes in the top And this sordid remedy they carry with them by the high way in waggons which the Danes or Mosconites vse not though oppressed with greater cold onely some of the more noble Weomen disliking this remedy choose rather to weare breeches to defend them from the cold In this distemper of Aire it cannot be expected that there should be plenty of flowers and summer fruites No doubt in regard of the fatnesse of the soile watered with frequent ditches and through the foresaid heat of the Summer they might haue plenty of flowers and fruits were it not impossible or very difficult to preserue them from perishing by the winters cold and were not the Inhabitants carelesse of such dainties though in later times as they haue admitted forraigne manners so luxury hath more power with them then formerly it had I haue oft seene one Apple sold for a blancke and those great Cherries which are brought into England grow not here but in Flaunders and the Territories within Land They haue abundance of Butter Cheese and Rootes and howsoeuer they haue not of their owne full sufficiency of other things to maintaine life yet they abound with the same brought from other parts Some prouinces as the Bishoprick of Vtrecht yeeld corne to be transported but in generall the vnited Prouinces of which only I discourse in this place haue not sufficient corne for their owne vse yet by traffick at Dantzke they furnish themselues many other nations therewith They haue little plenty of Riuer fish excepting onely Eales but in the Mosa as it fals from Dort to the sea they haue plenty of Salmons and other fish which fishing did of old yeeld great profit to the Prince and Merchants And for Sea fishes salted and dried they make great trafficke therewith My selfe lying for a passage in the Iland Fly did see great quantity of shell-fish sold at a very low rate Great heards of Oxen and Calues are yeerely brought into these parts out of the Dukedome of Holst vnited to the Kingdome of Denmarke in which parts they feed most on dry and salt meates and these Heards are fatted in the rich pastures of Gelderland and Freesland There is great abundance of Sea Fowles especially in West-Freesland and they want not land Fowles They carefully nourish Storkes as presaging happinesse to an Aristocraticall gouernement making them nests on the tops of publike houses and punishing any that driue them away or trouble them In which kind also they preserue Hernes making nests in those groues which are onely in few Cities They haue a race of heauy Horses and strong which they sell in sorraigne parts vsing onely their Mares to draw Waggons and for like vses at home The Prouinces on the Sea Coast as I formerly said burne their owne earth by the frequent digging whereof they say the Sea or lake
inheritance in Brabant and Flaunders excepting the Principality of Orange seated in France neare the City of Marseits und when he suspected the counsels of the King of Spaine into whose net Count Egmond confident in his innocency and great seruice done to the King and the Count of Horne vnaduisedly fell he first withdrew himselfe into France and after into Holland where as I said hee ioyned with the States of the Vnited Prouinces and was much respected and loued of them all inioying from them honourable meanes of maintenance well deserued in that his name and assistance much profited the common cause He had many wiues first he married the Countesse of Buren sole daughter and heire to her father and she bare him a sonne who in the beginning of these troubles was a Student in the Vniuersity of Louan whence the Gouernour called him and sent him into Spaine and she bore him likewise a daughter which was married to Count Hollock a German well respected by the States for his warlike reputation and good seruices done to them and he with his wife liued in Holland when I passed through these parts His second wife was the sister to the Elector of Saxony by whom he had the foresaid Count Maurice who yet being young succeeded his father in the generall conduct of the States Army and about this time whereof I write had taken two strong Cities in Brabant the inheritance of the Prince of Orange namely Bredaw and Getrudenberg and because they were part of the Earledome of Buren some difference was then about them betweene the said Count Maurice and his said sister by the fathers side wherein it was generally said that the States fauoured the Count. Also the Prince had by this wife a daughter after married to the Gouernour of Friesland His third wife was sister to the Duke of Mompensier in France which had been a Nun and by her hee had sixe daughters Lewis married to the Palatine of the Rhein Marie then liuing at Hage the third liuing then in France the fourth with the Count of Schwarthenburg and Francis also then liuing at Hage and a sixth then brought vp in the County of Nassaw His fourth wife was a French Lady of the Family Chastillon famous in that worthy Admirall of France killed in the Parisian Massacre And this wife after the Prince was slaine liued then at Hage with her onely sonne by him who being borne at Delph in Holland was therefore and for many respects much regarded by the Hollanders and yet being a childe was honoured with military commands and a large stipend for his maintenance and shortly after had the title of Colonell of Holland with no small addition to his meanes Being now to speake of the Magistrates Lawes and degrees of Orders in this Commonwealth it will not be amisie first for coniecture of the generall estate of Netherland to write some few things out of Marchantius a Flemming and other approued Authours particularly of the County of Flanders for the preheminence it alwaies had ouer the rest of the Prouinces The chiefe strength of the Common-wealth of Flanders is in the Counsell or Parliament of the three generall States namely of the Clergy the Nobility and the foure members in steed of the people making the third estate in other Kingdomes and without the consent of these the Earles were neuer wont to exact money or make warre And howsoeuer the King of Spaine hath weakned the authority of this Counsell yet when Subsidies are imposed the very forme of old proceeding comforts the people as a shadow of their old liberty The Earle by writing is to appoint the time and place of this Assembly or in the Earles name the Counsell of Flanders vsed to call together the Burgesses or Deputies thereof In these three States the Clergy is of chiefe dignitie as well for their degree as for the greatnesse of their reuenewes and many Territories vnder their command and among these were onely fiue Bishops till Pope Pius the fourth in the yeere 1560 estalished three new seates of Bishops at Gant Bruges and Ypre The first degree of Nobility is that of Barons hauing their name of Banners which they are bound to follow whereof there bee very many in Flanders and of them some in later times haue beene raised to the titles of Earles and Princes In the second ranke are the Lords of Townes and Villages whence Gentlemen haue their sirnames and they cannot be numbered without tediousnesse But almost all of them haue possession giuen them from some of the Feudatory Courts of the Earles of Flanders and differ in many customes but in this all agree that he who hath this fee cannot alienate it without the consent of the Prince and the next heire or vpon oath giuen in Court that hee doth it for pouerty and want The inheritance of Fees descends to the eldest sonnes a third part reserued for the younger brothers so they giue ouer to the elder their part in the other goods that are not in Fee And it is an high fault if these Lords impose any tribute vpon their subiects except it bee with the consent of the Earle of Flaunders There bee some of these that are called vassals whereof some are clients of an higher some of a lower degree And the Earle of Flanders hath about seuenteene feudatory Courts and the number is very great of Clients in Fee depending immediately vpon one or other of the said Courts whereby the Earle hath many pecuniary profits and other seruices vpon fines and alienations of inheritance In the third rancke of Gentlemen are they who hold inheritance in Fee whereof some are tied to the Iurisdiction and Counsell of the Earle as the Chancelor so called of correcting or cancelling writings ill drawne with blotting outlines which dignitie is tied to the Prepositure of Bruges Church and before the Counsell of Flaunders was erected this Office was of greater authoritie then now it is Others of this kind are Burgraues or Castellanes or high Sheriffes who are set Iudges ouer Townes and Castles with prerogatiue to haue a proportion of the mulcts or fines which dignity belongs to certaine Families and may be alienated to others by sale or for dowrie in marriage and all haue not the like but diuers iurisdiction and preheminence The Burgraue of 〈◊〉 hath the Lordship or command of the Towne which no other Burgraue hath the ruling of the weights in the Market the customes at the Gate capitall Iudgement the fines that are vnder three pounds of Paris and a part with the Earle of the greater fines and the power to appoint the Baily Scabins and Burgomafter and a third part of the goods of bastards dying without children Also the Burgraue of Ypre takes an oath to himselfe of the Officers of that Towne as well as to the Earle and he hath the fines and power to appoint Magistrates Others of this third rancke of Gentlemen haue warlike Offices by inheritance as the
Bohemia Flemish Danish Polonian 〈◊〉 Turkish Ann. 1169. Anno 1339 Ann. 1400. Anno 1577 The rebellion of the Earle of Desmond Ann. 1578 Tyrones Rebellion Hugh Earle of Tyrone 〈◊〉 Ann. 1588. Anno 1589 Sir William Fitz-williams Lord Deputie Ann. 1590. Ann. 1590. Ann. 1590. Ann. 1591 Ann. 1592. Ann. 1593. Ann. 1594 Anno 1594 Sir William Russel Lord Deputie Ann. 1595. L. Deputy L. General together Ann. 1596. An. 1597. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lord Instice Lord Lieftenant and Lords Instices An. 1598. The defeat of Blackewater Anno 1598 Earle of Essex Lord Lieutenant The Establishment An. 15999. Camden saith onely one thousand Lords Instices Charles Blonnt L. Mountioy L. Deputy The Rebels strength An. 1599. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Connaght Vlster Lemstor A new Lord President of Mounster Affaires of Mounster The fight at the Moyry Carlingford fight Mounster An. 1601. Mounster The landing of the Spaniards Tyrones Forces shew themselues Tyrone shewes himselfe horse and foote Tyrone redues to assayle our Campe. The defeate of Tyrones forces The Spaniard parlies The conditions of the Spaniards yeelding Kinsale and other places The siege of Kinsale raised The Lord Deputy enters into Tyrone The affaires of Mounster The Earle of Tyrone receiued to mercy King Iames proclaimed The mutiny of the Cities in Mounster about Religion Sir George Carey left L. Deputy by the Lord Mountioy L. Lieutenant returning into England The death of the Lord Mountioy created Earle of Deuonshire Anno 1613 Uoraciti Fortitude and strength Wit and wisdome Crueltie persidiousnesse couetousnes and prodigality usie Suspition Madnesse Venerie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Religion Softnesse of skinne Cleanlinesse Luxurie Leuitie Fortunatenesse Diuels and the possessed with diuels Prouerbiall speeches of Trauellers in generall Prouerbiall speeches in particular of Germany Bohemia and Sweitzerland Prouerbiall speeches of Netherland or the Low-Countries Of Denmarke and Poland Prouerbiall speeches of Italy Particularly of the Italian Cities Of Turkey Of France England Poland and Ireland Germany and Sweitzerland and Boemerland The Alpes Low-Countries Denmark Poland Italy Turkey France England Ireland Scotland Sepulchers in generall Publike buildings for Merchants to meete Senate-houses Publike places for recreation Stables Clockes Theaters and water Conduits Bridges Goldesmiths shops Churches and Colledges Buildings in Germany Of Sweitzerland Of Boemerland Low Countries Of Denmark Of Poland Of Italy Of Turkey Of France Of England Of Scotland Of Ireland Of Forts in generall In generall of Geography Equator Meridian Paralells The fiue Zones Degrees Longitude and Latitude Zones Clymes Parts of the World Of Germany Sweitzerland Bohemia Vpper Germany containing Sweitzerland 19 Prouinces of lower Germany among which Bohemia is reckoned The situation of Germany The fertility of Germany Of the trafick of Germany The Germans diet Boemerland and Sweitzerland Of both in general Sweitz particularly Dohemerland particularly The first branch of Rheine The second branch The third branch The situation The fertility of the vnited Prouinces The traficke Dict. Denmarke The situation The Fertilty The traffake The 〈◊〉 Poland The situation The fertilty The traffick The dyot Italy The situation The 〈◊〉 The traffick Silk wormes The traffick Their diet The situation The fortility The traffick Their diet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The situation The fertility and trafficke Their Diet. England The shires of Wales Other shires of England The situation The fertility and trafficke Their dyet Scotland The Ilands The situatio The fertility The trafficke The diet Ireland The funatiō The fertility and trafficke The Dyet Germany Bohmerland Sweitzerland Netherland Denmarke The Polonians Italie Turkey France England Ireland The historocall introduction The House of Austria The Empe rours pedegree The house of Austria The Emperours Dominions Bohemia Hungary The Emperour and his Court. 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Gallus Of the Grisons Of the Valesians Of the Towne of Bipenne Of the stipendiary Cities Of the Gouernements The Commonwealth of Netherlan in generall Flaunders The House of Austria The vnited Prouinces The Ciuill warre The vnited States The Prince of Orange killed England protects them The House of Nassaw The Cōmonwealth of Flanders Of the commonwealth of the vnited Prouinces protected by the Queene of England The States or chiefe Gouernors Common-wealths of particular Cities The Lawes The Wines The Gentlemen Capitall Iudgements Of their 〈◊〉 in generall Their Foote and Horse Of their 〈◊〉 power
the Lord Deputy as the Irish say did greedily seeke to get into his hands but surely he pretended the Queenes seruice as may appeare by a commission by which he first assaied to sease the same This not taking any effect he tooke a iourney himselfe into those parts with charge to the Queene and Countrey as they said and that in an vnseasonable time of the yeere after Allhallontide Where altogether failing of his purpose he brought thence with him as prisoners two of the best affected Gentlemen to the State in those parts whom he deemed to possesse the greatest part of those riches namely Sir Owen mac Tooly father in law to the Earle of Tyrone who had long enioied a yeerely pension of one hundred pound from the Queene and had kept Odonnel in a good course of opposition against Tyrlogh Lynnogh Oneale and Sir Iohn Odogherty of Vlster Lords best affected to the English Wherof the first refusing as they obiect to pay for his inlargement continued prisoner til the beginning of Sir William Russels gouernement who in pitty discharged him but the old gentlemens heart was first broken so as shortly after he died The second was released after two yeeres restraint not without paying for his liberty as the Irish say At this hard vsage of those two Vlster gentlemen all the great men of the Irish especially in those Northerne parts did much repine In the moneth of May 1590 the Earle of Tyrone came into England where he was after an easie manner restrained of his liberty because he came without the Lord Deputies Licence which fault repaired by his submission he was freed of his restraint In the moneth of Iune the Earle agreed before the Lords to enter bonds with good sureties of the Pale to keepe peace with all his Neighbours namely Sir Tirlogh Lynuogh who since the renouncing the title of Oneale and yeelding at the Queenes intercession the gouernement of those parts to the Earle was Knighted and at his returne to put in pledges to be chosen by the Lord Deputy and Counsell for more assurance hereof and of his loyalty as also the performance of certaine Articles signed by him Prouided that the pledges should not lie in the Castle but with some gentlemen in the Pale or Merchants in Dublyn and might be changed euery three moneths during her Maiesties pleasure The Articles were to this effect To continue loyall and keepe the peace To renounce the title of Oneale and all intermedling with the Neighbour Lords That Tyrone should be limited and made a shire or two with Gaoles to be built for holding of Sessions Not to foster with any neighbour Lord or any gentleman out of his Countrey not to giue aid to the Iland and Irish-Scots nor take any of them That if for his defence he needed forces he shall leuy none out of his Countrey without speciall licence of the State in which case he might haue English bands To conclude with the Lord Deputy within ten moneths about acomposition of rents and seruices to her Maiesty for all his Countrey according to the aboue mentioned composition of Connaght made in the yeere 1577. Not to impose any exactions without licence of the State on his Country aboue ordinary except it be for necessary forces for his defence and that also with licence Not to make any roades into Neighbour Countreys except they be within fiue dayes after a prey taken That none of the Countrey receiue any stelths from Neighbour-Countreys nor steale from them but he to bring forth the theeues or driue them out of Tyrone That he execute no man except it be by Commission from the Lord Deputy vnder the broad seale for martial law and that to be limitted That his Troope of 50 horse in her Maiesties pay be kept compleat for her seruice and that besides he answer arising out at euery generall hosting That he meddle not with spirituall liuings nor lay any charge on them Not to maintaine any 〈◊〉 or Friers in his Countrey Not to haue intelligence with forraine traytors That he take no blacke rent of any Neighbours To cause the wearing of English apparell and that none of his men weare glibbes or long haire That he answere for his brother Tyrlogh Mac Henry Captaine of the Fewes That in time of necessity he sell victuall to the Fort of Blacke-water These he promised to performe vpon his honour before the Lords in England and that his pledges to be put in should lie for performance of them to his power And order was giuen that all the Neighbour Lords should be drawne to like conditions that so they might not spoile Tyrone In the moneth of Iuly 1590 Con mac Shane that is the son of Shane O neale accused Hugh Earle of Tyrone of many practices to make himselfe great in the North and that after the wrecke of the aboue named Spaniards he conspired with those which fell into his hands about a league with the King of Spaine to aid him against the Queene These Articles the Earle answered before the Lords in England denying them and auowing the malice of Con to proceed of her Maiesties raising him to be Earle of Tyrone and Cons desire to vsurpe the name of Oneale as his father had done which name be laboured to extinguish He could haue spoken nothing more pleasing to this State as he well knew and therefore his answere was approued But the euent shewed his dissembling for within two or three yeeres Sir Tyrlogh Lynnogh died and then the Earle tooke this title of Oneale to himselfe which was treason by act of Parliament in Ireland still excusing himselfe subtilly that he tooke it vpon him left some other should vsurpe it promising to renounce it yet beseeching that he might not be vrged to promise it vpon oath Camden affirmes that Hugh ne-Gauelocke bastard to Shane O neale exhibited these Articles against the Earle who after got him into his hands and caused him to be hanged hardly finding any in regard of the generall reuerence borne to the blood of the Oneals who would doe the office of hangman and that the Queene pardoned the Earle for this fact I doubt not but he writes vpon good ground and I find good warrant for that I write the same to be exhibited by Con mac Shane and both may be reconciled by the exhibiting of the petition by Hugh in the name of Con. Sure I am that the Earle durst neuer enter into rebellion till he had gotten the sons of Shane Oneale to be his prisoners Two of them in this time of Sir William Fitz-williams his gouernement were now in the Castle of Dublyn and if they had beene fastly kept they being true heires of Tyrone before their fathers rebellion would haue been a strong bridle to keepe the Earle in obedience But they together with Phillip Oreighly a dangerous practiser and with the eldest sonne and heire of old Odonnel both imprisoned by Sir Iohn Perrot in his gouernement
shortly after escaped out of prison being all prisoners of great moment whose inlargement gaue apparant ouerture to ensuing rebellion Neither did the Irish spare to affirme that their escape was wrought by corruption because one Segar Constable of the Castle of Dublin by Patent hauing large offers made him to permit the escape of Oreighly and acquainting the Lord Deputy therewith was shortly after displaced and one Maplesdon seruant to the Lord Deputy was put in his place in whose time those prisoners escaped To returne to the orderly course of my relation The Earle on the last of August and the same yeere 1590 did before the Lord Deputy and Counsell of Ireland confirme the aboue mentioned Articles sent thither out of England faithfully promising by word and vnder his hand to performe then But still he delaied and put off the performance by letters vnto both States intreating that equall security might be taken of Sir Tyrlogh Lynnogh and in generall of all the bordering Lords which he knew at that time most difficult to effect and by many subtile shifts whereof he had plenty About this time Mac Mahown Chiefetaine of Monaghan died who in his life time had surrendered this his Countrey held by Tanistry the Irish law into her Maiesties hands and receiued a regrant thereof vnder the broad seale of England to him and his heires males and for default of such to his brother Hugh Roe mac Mahowne with other remainders And this man dying without heires males his said brother came vpto the State that he might be setled in his inheritance hoping to be countenanced and cherished as her Maiesties Patentee but he found as the Irish say that he could not be admitted till he had promised to giue about sixe hundred Cowes for such and no other are the Irish bribes After he was imprisoned the Irish say for failing in part of this payment and within few daies againe inlarged with promise that the Lord Deputy himselfe would go to settle him in his Countrey of Monaghan whither his Lordship tooke his iourney shortly after with him in his company At their first arriuall the gentleman was clapt in bolts and within two dayes after indited arraigned and executed at his owne house all done as the Irish said by such Officers as the Lord Deputy carried with him to that purpose The Irish said he was found guilty by a Iury of Souldiers but no gentlemen or freeholders and that of them foure English souldiers were suffered to goe and come at pleasure but the other being Irish kerne were kept straight and starued till they found him guilty The treason for which he was condemned was because some two yeeres before he pretending a rent due vnto him out of the Ferney vpon that pretende louied forces and so marching into the Ferney in warlike manner made a distresse for the same which by the English law may perhaps be treason but in that Countrey neuer before subiect to law it was thought no rare thing nor great offence The greatest part of the Countrey was diuided betweene foure gentlemen of that name vnder a yeerely rent to the Queene and as they said not without payment of a good fine vnder hand The Marshall Sir Henry Bagnoll had part of the Countrey Captaine Henslowe was made Seneshall of the Countrey and had the gentlemans chiefe house with a portion of land and to diuers others smaller portions of land were assigned and the Irish spared not to say that these men were all the contriuers of his death and that euery one paid something for his share Hereupon the Irish of that name besides the former allegations exclaimed that their kinsman was trecherously executed to intitle the Queene to his land and to extinguish the name of Mac Mahowne and that his substance was diuided betweene the Lord Deputy and the Marshall yea that a pardon was offered to one of the Iury for his son being in danger of the Law vpon condition hee would consent to find this his kinsman guilty Great part of these exclamations was contained in a complaint exhibited against the Lord Deputy after his returne into England to the Lords of her Maiesties Councell about the end of the yeere 1595 in the name of Mac Guire and Euer Mac Cooly one of the Mac Mahownes chiefe ouer the Irish in the Ferny To which Sir William Fit Williams then sicke at his house sene his answere in writing There first he auowes to the Lords that the fact of Mac Mahowne was first adiudged treason in England and that his calling in question for it was directed from thence and for the manner of proceeding herein not prescribed that it was 〈◊〉 and contrary to their calumnious allegations who complained against him He further answered that the most part of the Countrey was not bestowed on the Marshall Sir Henrie Bagnall but that seuen of the chiefe in that Countrey had the greatest part of it that three hundred Freeholders were raised to her Maiestie with eight hundred pound yeerely rent and that all the Country seemed then glad of his execution and ioyfully receiued the English Lawes The rest of the complaint he denied and for the bribe of Cowes in particular did 〈◊〉 that Euer Mac Gooly one of the 〈◊〉 offered him seuen thousand Cowes to make him chiefe of the name when he might haue learned that his mind was not so poore to preferre Cowes or any bribes before the Queenes seruice To returne to our purpose certaine it is that vpon Mac Mahownes execution heart-burnings and lothings of the English gouernement began to grow in the Northerne Lords against the State and they shunned as much as they could to admit any Shiriffes or any English to line among them pretending to feare like practises to ouerthrow them The sixteenth of Iuly 1591 the Earle of Tirone wrote vnto the Lords of England excusing himselfe that Sir Tyrlogh Lynnogh was wounded by his men while he sought to prey his Countrey In the same moneth he suffered his Countrey of Tyrone to be made Shire ground being by certaine Commissioners bounded on euery side and diuided into Baronies and the Towne of Dungannon made the Shier Towne where the Goale should be In the moneth of October he wrote againe to the Lords iustifying himselfe against the complaint of the Marshall Sir Heury Bagnoll auowing that he had not stolne his sister or taken her away by force but that after her brothers many delayes she willingly going away with him hee married her And that he had no other wife being lawfully diuorced from her whom the Marshall termed his wife He complained against the Marshall that he reaped the benefit of all that in Vlster which by his endeauouris had been brought to her Maiesties obedience That he had obtained vnder the great Seale a superioritie ouer Vlster which he exercised ouer him About this time the Northerno Lords are thought to haue conspired to defend the Romish Religion for now first
the loue of the Irish to Spaine whence some of the are descended the extortions of Sheriffes and sub-Sheriffes buying these places the ill gouernement of the Church among our selues and the admitting Popish Priests among the Irish and many such like And this fier of rebellion now kindled shall be found hereafter to be increased to a deuouring flame by slow slender oppositions to the first erruptions before they had libertie to combine and know their owne strength by not laying hands timely on suspected persons of quality to preuent their combining with the rest especially in Mounster being as yet quiet by intertaining and arming of Irish men a point of high ouersight begun by S r Ioh. Perrot increased by S r Will. Fitz. Williams the present L. Deputy who at the first sending of forces into Formannagh gaue power to certaine Irish men to raise companies which they did of their own Country men so as this ill custome being after continued it both furnished the enemy with trained men and filled our Bands with such false hearted souldiers as some doubted whether we had not better haue them enemies then friends By a Treatie entertained at the very entrance of the Rebellion before any blow was strucken which made the Traytors proud and daunted the hearts of good subiects By ensuing cessations long cotinuing and giuing liberty to the Traytors to strengthen their combination and to arme themselues in forraine parts and at home whereupon all idle and discontented people had opportunitie to draw into Tyrone and the Traytor Earle of Tyrone had meanes to oppresse the bordering Lords of Countries adioyning whereof many feeling once his power some for feare some for loue ioyned with him Besides that the Army in the meane time was not onely an excessiue charge to the Queene but lay idle and in stead of hurting the enemy oppressed the subiect thereby daily driuing many into Rebellion Lastly for I will not more curiously search the causes being not suteable to so briefe a narration as I intend the Rebellion was nourished and increased by nothing more then frequent Protections and Pardons granted euen to those who had formerly abused this mercy so as all entred and continued to bee Rebels with assurance to be receiued to mercy at their pleasure whereof they spared not to brag and this heartened the Rebell no lesse then it discouraged the subiect This present yeere 1594 about the month of August Sir William Fitz-williams the Lord Deputy being recalled into England Sir William Russell tooke the sword About this time Vlster men in open hostility distressed her Maiesties forces and Tyrone so I will hereafter call him deseruing no addition of title hauing long absented himselfe from the State was vndoubtedly reputed a party in their rebellion when his sudden voluntary appearance before this new Lord Deputy at Dublin in the very first moneth of his gouernement made many hope better of him He most assuredly promised al humble obedience to the Queene as well before the State at Dublin in his own person as to the Lords in England by his letters and making his most humble submission to her Maresty besought to be restored to her former Grace from which he had fallen by the lying slanders of his enemies not by any his iust desert The Marshall Sir Henry Bagnoll was then ready to proue before the Lord Deputy Articles of high treason against Tyrone and to auow that he sent mac Guire with his Primate into Connaght That hee had secret intelligence with the Traytors Mac Guire and Odonnell and had communicated counsels with them and gaue them aide in the wasting of Monnaghan and the besieging of Eniskellin by his brother Cormac mac Baron and by Con his owne base son and that he by threats had drawne the Captaines of Kilulto and Kilwarny from their faith and alleageance to the Queene It was in Councell debated whether Tyrone should be staied to answere hereunto and the Lord Deputy was of opinion he should be staied but most of the Counsellers either for idle feare or inclination of loue to Tyrone thought best to dismisse him for that time and the counsell of these as more in number and best experienced in Irish affaires the Lord Deputy followed This much displeased the Queene since this Foxes treasonable practises were now so apparant and her selfe had forewarned that in case he came to the State he should be staied till he had cleered himselfe of all imputed crimes And the Lords in England by their letters thence sharpely reproued the Lord Deputy for so dismissing him which might giue the Rebels iust cause to thinke that they durst not charge him with treason for feare of his forces and their Lordships professed to doubt that Tyrones performance would not be such as might warrant this act The Lord Deputy shortly after tooke the field and leauing for martiall causes the Earle of Ormond for ciuill causes the Lord Chanceller to gouerne Lemster and those parts in his absence drew the forces into Fermannagh that he might releeue Enis-Kellin and expell mac Guire out of his Countrey This winter following it seemes there was some negotiation on both sides about peace For in the moneth of February the Lords of England wrote to the Lord Deputy of her Maiesties dislike of certaine writings sent ouer from Odonnel and Sir Arthur Oneale namely that in their petitions they included the pardon of mac Guire and Orwarke commonly called Orurke That they indented with the Lord Deputy that he should come to Dundalke within a moneth and especially that the Lord Deputy by Sir Edward More should desire a fortnight more for his comming thither Their Lordships also signified that the Queene sent ouer 2000 old souldiers which had serued vnder General Norreys in Britanny giuing order that they should be diuided into hundreds and so many Captaines besides that 1000. souldiers were leuied in England to be sent thither And because their Lordships iudged that all the practises of the Northern Lords came out of Tyrones schoole how soeuer he grossely dissembled the contrary their Lordships aduised the Lord Deputy to offer Odonnel pardon so as he would seuer himselfe from Tyrone And that the rather because he was put into rebellion by Sir Iohn Perrots imprisoning him without any cause Tyrone hearing that supplies of souldiers namely the old souldiers of Britany were comming for Ireland and that Garrisons of English were to be planted at the Castles of Ballishanon and Belike lying vpon the Lake Earn thought it no longer time to temporise Wherefore about this time of this yeere ending or the first entrance of the yeere 1595 he drew his forces together and in open hostilitie suddenly assaulted the Fort of Black-water built vpon the passage into Tyrone on the South side and taking the same raced it and broke downe the Bridge And now the Northerne Rebels with Banners displaied entred the Brennye Yet at this time Tyrone subtilly made suite for
Lieutenant promised likewise to hold towards him and his associates The foure and twentie of December Tyrone aduertised the Lord Lientenant that he serued the Fort with fortie Beeues but the Captaine had refused ten of them wherein his discretion was taxed by the Lord Lieutenant since they were of voluntarie gift Yet Tyrone promised to send ten other of the best he had in lieu of them The eighteenth of Februarie Brian Oge Orwarke commonly called Ororke Lord of Letrym commonly called Ororkes Country submitted himself in a great assembly on his knees to her Maiestie before Sir Conyers Clifford Gouernour of Connaght subscribing further to these Articles First that he and his followers promised in all humblenesse to performe all duties to her Maiestie as becommeth good subiects Secondly that he will receiue her Maiesties Sheriffes and yeeld them all due obedience Thirdly that he will pay to her Maiestie her composition or rent and yeeld to her Highnes all seruices according to his new Patent to be granted Fourthly that hee shall send out of his Countrie all strangers to their owned welling places Fifthly that hee will apprehend all Rebels Theeues or Malefactors comming into his Countrie sending them and their goods to the Gouernour Sixthly that hee will deliuer Pledges for his Sept or Family and the chiefe Septs with him within twentie dayes Hereof Sir Conyers Clifford aduertised the Lords Iustices praying that in regard of the strength and fastnesse of Ororke Country he might not bee discontented with hauing Becues takes from him for reliefe of the Army without payment of ready money for them since that course had already grieued all the Submitties Further he shewed that the Countrie of Ororke was most necessary to be defended For howsoeuer it was held by Sir Richard Bingham the last Gouernour as by Conquest vpon expelling of the aboue mentioned Ororke yet then it was all waste so as the Rebell could make little vse of it whereas now it was most replenished with cattle and therefore like to be assaulted by Tyrone and Odennel incensed against Ororke by reason of this his submission Besides that the Queenes forces could lie no where so fitly for seruice as vpon the Earne nor there bee relieued but by Ororke nor receiue reliefe with his contentment but by paying ready money Lastly hee shewed that all the people vpon the Earne and in those parts excepting Mac William had submitted themselues to her Maiestie and deliuered Pledges for their Loyalty being glad to liue vnder her Maiesties Lawes and onely terrified with the burden of relieuing the souldiers without paiment for their cattle Therefore he desired that two of the priuy Counsell might bee sent ouer to take knowledge of such grieuances as the Submitties should present vnto them and to take order for their satisfaction These goodly submission had all the same issue as followeth in that of the famous Faith-breaker Tyrone Since the last meeting of the Lord Lieftenant with Tyrone at Dundalke his Lordship had sent ouer into England Tyrones humble submission and the Booke of his grieuances and had receiued authority from her Maiesty to make a finall conclusion with the Rebels and now at another meeting in Dundalke on the fifteene of March the Lord Lieftenant signified to Tyrone that her Maiesty by his humble submission had beene induced againe to receiue him to mercy and to giue him and all the Inhabitants of Tyrone her gracious pardon vpon conditions following First that he renew his humble submission to the Lord Liefetenant on her Maiesties behalfe in some publike place 2. That he promise due obedience of a Subiect and not to intermeddle with the Irish nor his adherents not onely hereafter but now leauing them to themselues that they may become humble suitors for their owne pardons in which case it is promised them also 3. That he dispierce his forces vpon receit of his pardon and dismisse all strangers Irish Scots or others 4. That he renounce the name and title of Oneale 5. Not to intermeddle with her Maiesties Vriaghtes so the Irish call the bordering Lords whom the Vlster Tyrants haue long claimed to be their vassals 6. That he build vp againe at his owne charges the Fort and Bridge of Blackewater and furnish the souldiers with victuals as formerly he did 7. That he deliuer to the Lord Lieftenant the sonnes of Shane Oneale who were her Maiesties prisoners till breaking out they fell into his hands and were imprisoned by him 8. To declare faithfully all intelligence with Spaine and to leaue it 9. That he receiue a Sheriffe for Tyrone as all other Countries doe 10. That he put in his eldest sonne for pledge and at all times come to the state being called 11. That he pay a fine in part of satisfaction for his ofsence according to her Maiesties pleasure 12. That he aid no Rebell nor meddle with the Inhabitants on the East side of the Ban yet so as he may enioy any lands or leases he hath there 13. That he receiue not any disloyall person but send such to the chiefe Gouernour To the first and second Articles Tyrone agreeth so as time might be giueu for the other Lords his associates to assemble that they might herein lay no imputation on him To the third he agreeth crauing a generall pasport for all such strangers To the fourth he agreeth For the fifth he saith that he desireth nothing of the Vriaghts but such duties as they yeelded since his Grandfathers time To the sixth he agreeth The seuenth he refuseth because he had not those prisoners from the State To the eight he agreeth To the ninth he agreeth according to the statute appointing a gentleman of the Countrey to be chosen yet crauing for 〈◊〉 for a small time The tenth be refuseth for the pledges in particular 〈◊〉 the eleuenth he agreeth to a 〈◊〉 of fiue hundred Cowes yet praying the Lord Lieftenant to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to her Maiesty for the remittall thereof To the twelfth he agreeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the last he agreeth prouided that he would deliuer no man to the State who came to him for cause of conscience 〈◊〉 Finally in regard Odonnell and other of Tyrone 〈◊〉 did not then appeare and in that respect the Lord Liefetenant had beene pleased to grant him further day 〈◊〉 for tenth of Aprill following he promised vpon his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by his hand writing that in case they or any of them should not then appeare and submit themselues yet he at that time would 〈◊〉 submission and humbly craue and receiue her Maiesties gracious pardon and goe 〈◊〉 with all things requisite for a perfect conclusion and to deliuer in two pledges of his faith to be chosen out of a schedule presented to the Lord Lieftenant the same to be changed according to the agreement and if the Mores and Conners for whom he had obtained protection should violate this 〈◊〉 that he would no way giue aide or assistance to them Herevpon at the instance
Captaine foure shillings per diem Lieutenant two shillings sixe pence per diem Cornet two shillings per diem Fiftie horsemen at twelue pence a peece per diem Summa per annum twenty nine thousand two hundred threescore thirteene pound The pay of twelue thousand footmen diuided into 120 Bands each Band consisting of a hundred heads viz. Captaine foure s. per diem Lieutenant two shillings per diem Ensigne eighteene d. per diem two Serieants a Drum and a Surgion at twelue d. a peece per diem and fourescore fourteene Souldiers and sixe dead payes at eight d. a peece per diem Summa per annum one hundred threescore eleuen thousand one hundred fourescore and fiue pound Extraordinaries viz. for sending of letters hyring of Barkes for passage of packquets for gifts and rewards for espyes from abroad or at home carriage of treasure victuall or munition and the like c. for a whole yeere foure thousand pound Summa totale per annum two hundred eight thousand nine hundred and eleuen pound The Lord Mountioy hastened away from Court did not stay for the Lords signing of the aboue mentioned second establishment as a thing of ordinary course continued for many yeeres with little or no alteration And being now in this iourney towards Ireland the tenth of Februarie he wrote to Master Secretarie from Daintrie intreating him that whereas her Maiestie not withstanding the contrary opinion of all admitted to that consultation had reduced the Army to twelue thousand foote and that hee found by letters from the Counsell and other Commanders in Ireland a general concurring in opinion that these forces were not sufficient especially since the Plantation of Loughfoyle and Ballyshanon Garisons were presently to be made and that Tyrone was now Master of the field hauing led his forces in person as farre as Mounster he would moue her Maiestie to giue him power to retaine one or two thousand in Lyst of those English which otherwise he was to cast The aboue mentioned second Establishment or Lyst of diuers Officers and Seruitors not contained in the former Establishment which list was signed by the Lords the eleuenth of Februarie the end of the yeere 1599. THe Lord Deputies ordinarie entertainement per mensem one hundred pound per annum thirteene hundred pound To him for a Band of horsemen in his family foure pound foure shillings per diem To him for fiftie footmen in his family eight pence a man per diem The Treasurer at Warres per diem thirtie fiue shillings The Marshall at fiue shillings nine pence per diem The Master of the Ordinance per diem three and twentie shillings eight pence Note that the aboue named as also the chiefe Gouernours of Prouinces vndernamed had besides in the Army the command of a Band of foote or horse or both Diuers Ministers of the Ordinance per diem twentie fiue shillings two pence Mustermaster two shillings eight pence per diem Summa per annum fiue thousand three hundred seuen 〈◊〉 seuen shillings eleuen d. The Lord President per annum one hundred thirtie three 〈◊〉 his diet at ten pound a weeke and so per annum fiue hundred twenty pound His guard of horse and foote at thirtie shillings seuen pence halfe-penny per diem Chiefe Iustice per annum one hundred pound Second Iustice sixty sixe pound thirteene shillings foure pence Queenes Atturney thirteene pound sixe shillings eight pence Clerke of the Counsell twentie pound Prouost Marshall two hundred fiftie fiue pound ten shillings Summa per annum one thousand sixe hundred threescore seuen pound eight shillings two pence halfe penny Gouernour of Connaght per diem ten s. for increase per annum one hundred 〈◊〉 Chiefe Iustice per annum one hundred pound for his diet fortie pound Clerke of the Counsell twenty pound for his diet twenty pound Prouost Marshall one hundred two pound thirteene shillings one peny half-peny besides twelue Horse out of the Armie Summa per annum fiue hundred sixtie fiue pound three s. two pence halfe-penny Gouernor at Loughfoyle per diem foure shillings foure pence besides his entertainement as a Colonel Gouernour of Carickfergus and Dundalke no entertainement but as Colonels of the Army Summa per annum threescore pound sixteene shillings eight pence Gouernour of the Queenes Countie at sixe shillings eight pence per diem Prouost Marshall of the Army per diem foure shillings three pence Prouost Marshall of Lemster fiue shillings seuen pence per diem And to both Prouosts Horses to bee assigned out of the Army at the Lord Deputies discretion Samma per annum three hundred one pound two shillings seuen pence Warders in diuers Prouinces three thousand thirtie one pound seuen pence halfe-penny Pensioners fortie foure at foure pound nineteene shillings two pence per diem Almesmen foureteene at sixe pence Irish a peece per diem Commissaries of Musters twenty at sixe shillings eight pence a peece per diem Summa per annum three thousand one hundred twenty two pound fiue s. sixed Summa totalis per annum fourteene thousand fiftie fiue pound foure shillings eight pence halfe-penny The same day this List was signed being the eleuenth of Februarie the Lords by their letters to the Lord Deputie being yet in England but newly gone from London and in his way towards Ireland appointed that the ships of Bristol which had transported one thousand two hundred foote from thence to Dublin should there be staied to the end they might transport a thousand men which were to be sent from Dublin to meete with three thousand more sent out of England out of which the Garrison of Caricksergus was to be strengthened and a new Garrison planted at Loughfoyle The Lord Mountioy lying at Westchester for a passage into Ireland and there receiuing notice that the imprisoned Earle of Essex had signed a submission to the Queene whereupon her Maiestie began to be inclined to shew him mercy directed his letters thence the eighteenth of Februarie to Sir Robert Cecill Secretarie of State therein auowing that as his loue made him interessed in that noble Earles fortunes so hee would thankefully acknowledge from him such fauour as he should be pleased to shew that distressed Earle withall protesting that he would alwaies be a free man and slaue to no mans humour but as he in this Irish imployment expected all fauourable seconds from him according to his noble promise whereupon his hopes chiefely rerelied so he would euer be honest and thankefull towards him in all occasions And vpon these termes all exchange of good offices passed betweene this Lord Deputie and Master Secretarie till the fatall death of that noble Earle of Essex hereafter to bee mentioned and the Lord Deputies participation of that ruine made him change his stile and neuer to cease till hee had confirmed a neere frendship betweene himselfe and the Secretary at least as intire as greatnesse admits as hereafter shall bee shewed The twentie sixe of
any seruice with the horsemen Now his Lordship was purposed to scourge them and according to his singular secrecie did so keepe his Counsell from divulging and so cunningly masked his intent as he came vpon them when they were most secure It was confidently giuen out that his Lordship meant presently to vndertake some seruice against the O-Mores of Leax and Oconnors of Ophalia and to that purpose meant to lie with his houshold at Monastreuen a great house kept by a Constable for the Queen yea to make this proiect more beleeued his Lordship sent Arras hangings and many prouisions to that house And now the forces hauing beene refreshed his Lordship the twenty two of December being Monday rode to the Nasse twelue miles distant from Dublyn where the rendeuous was appointed that day for the Lemster Garrisons for it was fit those bordering on the North should be left strong On Wednesday his Lordship sent most of his houshold right forward to Monastreuen thirteene miles distant but himselfe with the rest of his seruants and the forces suddenly turned on the left hand into the Glinnes and after a day and nights tedious march ouer steepe mountaines couered with snow he arriued on Thursday being Christmas day at Phelim mac Feogh his house so suddenly as his wife and eldest sonne were taken and himselfe hardly escaped at a backe window and naked into the woods where he kept a cold Christmas while my Lord liued plentifully in his house with such prouisions as were made for him and his Bonnaghs and kerne to keepe a merry Christmas To vent his anger he daily offered slight skirmishes vpon aduantage but his heart was nothing eased therewith being continually beaten His Lordship with the Queenes Forces lay in this Countrey till about the twentieth of Ianuary In which time his troopes spoiled and ransacked the Countries of Rannelagh and Cashay swept away the most part of their cattle and goods burnt all their Corne and almost all their Houses leauing little or nothing to releeue them and to finish the worke his Lordship planted two strong Garrisons vpon them the one at Wicklo on the East side not able to come neerer because a ship with our tooles and instruments was beaten backe by ill weather and could not arriue in time the other at Tullogh vpon the west so as they could not long hold from submitting or flying being thus hedged in This done his Lordship came to Monastreuen with purpose to vndertake the Mores and Connors But hauing in few daies setled a correspondency for proceeding in that seruice betweene our Forces in those parts and the neighbouring septs of Odempsies and some suspected subiects of whose faith till then his Lordship stood not assured and discerning the Mores to be weake in Leax after the killing of their Chiefecashe Oway mac Rory and the burning and spoiling in the Leax iourney so as they had not meanes to keepe their Bonnaghs and hearing that the Oconnors were fled far from that part of Ophaly so as neither of them could be found to make resistance to any reasonable strong Forces His Lordship leauing in these parts some few Companies to assist the subiects rode from Monastreuen the twentie nine of Ianuary to Abiconal nine miles passing by the ruined City of Kildare now altogether disinhabited The thirtieth we passed the Liffye and came to Milhussy one Master Hussyes Castle eleuen miles passing by some pleasant Villages and by Menouth a faire house belonging to the Earles of Kildare now in the hands of the Countesse Mabell an old widdow The thirty one we came to Trym eight miles champion ground This is a pleasant towne for seate if the inhabitants were sutable through which the Boyne runnes and it hath the ruines of a sumptuous Castle This place his LP thought fittest for his present residence for if Captaine Tirrel now the chiefe rebel in Ophalia should draw his force to the South of the Country from hence his Lordship might easily fall back on him If the rebels in the West desired to passe into Mounster as they intended then our forces were so disposed as they could not escape without fighting with vs vpon diladuantage to them And if neither fell out then his Lordship purposed to plant a Garrison at the Cauan in the Brenny and to settle our aboue mentioned Mac Guire in Fermanagh At this time his LP desired to haue authoritie out of England to passe Tirconnel the Countie of Odonel to Neale Garue reseruing eight hundred Acres about Ballishannan and the fishing of the Erne to her Maiestie And such was the opinion of the seruice his turbulent spirit could doe the State as he had the grant of three hundred foot and one hundred horse in her Maiesties pay on condition he should bring the men seruiceable and maintaine them so without further charge to her Maiestie From Trym lying in East Meathe his Lordship the eleuenth of Februarie passing by the Barron of Trimblestones house rode to the Lord of Deluins house in West Meath eleuen miles distant The twelfth we passed ten miles further to Molingar the Shire towne of West Meath compassed with bogges Thence the fourteenth wee went to Ballymore Sir Frances Shanes house ten long miles The sixteenth to Sir Tibbot Dillons house seuen miles Thence the seuenteenth to Athlone fiue miles where the Gouernour of the Prouince of Connaght vseth to lye in a strong Castle belonging to her Maiestie which being scituate in Connaght is deuided from the Towne by a Riuer and a faire bridge of stone with eight arches lying in West Meath And all this Countrie is Champion whereof the greatest part lay waste His Lord returned back the eighteenth of February to Sir Tibbot Dillons house and the nineteenth to Danoar twelue miles being Brian Mac Gohagans Castle in West Meath While his Lordship lay in this Castle he rode forth the twentieth of February to view a strong hold seated in a plaine and in a little Iland compassed with bogges and deepe ditches of running water and thicke woods in which fastnesse Captaine Tirrel with some of the boldest Rebels then lay At the first approch to the bogge two shot of the Rebels came out our horsemen standing on a hill moued continually but my selfe being a raw souldier stood stil and because I had a white horse I gaue the Rebels a faire marke so as the first shot flew close by my head and when I apprehending my danger turned my horse the second flew through my cloake and light in my padde saddle which saued my life and brused my thigh Presently his Lordship seat Sir Christopher Saint Laurence Captaine Winsor Captaine Roper and Captaine Rotheram with wings of Foote into the Wood to discouer the fortified Iland And on the other side sent Captaine Leg to the same purpose While these skirmished with the rebels lying intrenched Master Darcy riding by the skirt of the Wood was shot in the neck The two and twenty day his Lordship drew forth againe
score of them besides many drowned The sixteenth of Iuly the Lord President bestowed the Army in garrisons The 23 of Iuly his Lordship 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 againe to releeue the men he had formerly sent into Kerry and marching thither took 〈◊〉 the chiefe house of the Lord Fitz Morrice and many other Castles for griefe whereof the said Lord died yet leauing a sonne then as dangerous as himselfe The Lord President returned to Cork about the eighteenth of August leauing Sir Charles Wilmot Gouernour of Kerry a valiant Gentleman a chiefe Commander vnder him and in the first ranke of those instruments he vsed in all seruices who in short time brought most of the freeholders of Kerry to due subiection and droue the titulary Desmond out of those parts All the garrisons in time of haruest gathered as much come as they could and destroied the rest which made the rebels not able to subsist the yeere following Sir George Thornton hearing that the titulary Earle of Desmond passed neere Kilmalloch sent the garrison out and Captain Greame charging them with his troope of horse killed 120. of them in which conflict the English got 300. garons laden with baggage 150 pikes and peeces with other weapons and 40. horse but the English had 16. horses killed in the fight The titulary Earle of Desmond could neuer after draw 100. men together was forced to flie into Tipperary with his brother Iohn Pierce Lacy an Archrebel the Knight of the Glin whence his brother Iohn hasted into Vlster for reliefe from Tirone And in the end of this Summer vpon the departure of the Bonnaghs of Connaght and Vlster the good successe of the English many of the Prouincials submitted themselues yet sent to Rome for dispensation of their so doing About the middest of October Iames Fitzgerald who had long been imprisoned in the Tower of London being the next true heire to the last Earle of Desmond and released by the Queene with title of Earle by letters Pattents sent to the Lord President and promise of a good proportion of land to support his dignity at the end of the warre according to his deserts in her Maiesties seruice and in the meane time to liue vpon pay in the Army landed at Yoghal and the eighteenth day came to the Lord President at Mallogh and was industrious in the Queenes seruice Desmod O Connor being in Connaght and hearing of the young Earle of Desmondi arriuall vpon promise of great seruices had the Lord Presidents protection to come vnto him but was set vpon by Tybot we long his men defeated he taken and hanged whereupon Tibet hauing then a Company in her Maiesties pay was cashered Florence mac Carty hauing all this while practised vnderhand many things against the State and putting still off his appearance by delatory excuses at last in October by the desperatenesse of his estate was forced to submit and obtained pardon vpon pledges of his loyaltie The 〈◊〉 Earle of Desmond stealing backe into Mounster liued as a Wood-kerne neuer hauing more then two or three in his Company In Nouember Sir Charles Wilmot took the last and only Castle the Lord Mac Morice had in Kerry his eldest son therin betraied by a Priest for safetie of his life and great prouisions laid vp in that Castle In these two last moneths Sir Richard Percy lying in Garrison at Kinsale twice passed into the Country and tooke preyes of fiue hundred Cowes killing many rebels In December the Lord President had notice where the titulary Earle lurked and sentmen to surprise him but he escaped in such haste as hee left his shooes behind him And now there was not a Castle in Mounster held for the rebels nor any company of ten rebels together though there wanted not loose 〈◊〉 bonds dispersed in all corners so as his Lordship had leisure to looke into the Corporate Townes being aiders abetters and procurers vnder hand of this rebellion all the Queenes treasure being spent in them by the souldiers and they vnderhand supplying the rebels with all necessaries though at excessiue rates The rebels fled outof Mounster into Tiperarie and Ormond had hitherto liued there among the Bullera being subiects without any disturbance the rather for the Earle of Ormonds mounting for the death of his most worthy and vertuous Lady but in Ianuary his Lordship sent some forces against them who killed many and forced the rest to flie where of some were drowned passing the waters then very high and some chiefe rebels were taken and hanged at kilkenny About the end of Ianuary the Lord President sent 〈◊〉 foote of the Mounster List to be disposed by the Lord Deputie as he had direction to doe His Lordship to settle the Country the better refused to renew any protection so as all were forced to sue their pardons and in two moneth a space before the end of Februarie vpon his Lordships recommendation morethen fourethousand Mounster men had their pardons granted by the Lord Deputie and passed vnder the great Seale The second Booke CHAP. I. Of the Lord Deputies particular proceedings in the prosecution of the Rebels and of the Speniards inuading Ireland in the yeere 1601. WHile the Lord Deputy lay at Drogheda namely from the the one and twentie of March till the sixteene of Aprill vpon which day he returned to Dublin his Lordship assembled the Counsellers of State to attend him there And vpon the eight and twentie of March 1601 the Lord Deputie and Counsell wrote from Drogheda vulgarly called Tredagh their ioynt letters to the Lords in England whereby they aduertised that the Lord Deputie hauing spent the greatest part of Winter in the Irish Countries of Lemster had by burning their Corne consuming their cattel and killing many of them so scattered their maine strength as certaine of the chiefe had since submitted to the Queenes mercy and the rest were seuered into small companies and vnlike to draw to any dangerous head yea Tirrel in opinion the greatest among them taken for Tyrones Lieutenant in Lemster being forced out of his greatest fastnesse now with a few base Kerne following him was driuen to wanderin Woods and Boggs seeking to escape into the North as shortly after he did notwithstanding that certaine English Companies were left to hunt him in his walkes and to stop his passage That his Lordship desirous to be at hand to watch all opportunities of seruice vpon the Northerne borders had pierced into the Fearny and that Sir Richard Moryson Gouernour of Dundalk with his Garrison had formerly wasted and now passed through the Fewes and met his Lordship there so as both these Countries being spoiled Euer Mac Cooly chiefe of the Fearny and Turlogh Mac Henry Captaine of the Fewes had both been humble suters for her Maiesties mercie and were commanded to appeare shortly and make their humble submissions which course likewise the septs of the Brenny were 〈◊〉 to take for many of them chastised by the Army and vtterly
eight d. per diem Per annum one hundred ninety nine thousand seuen hundred fifteene li. sixteene s. eight d. Pensioners in the Muster-booke per annum one thousand eight hundred nine li. fifteene s. ten d. Pensioners by letters Patents per annum eight hundred seuenty foure li. fiue s. nine pence ob Thirteene Almesmen per annum eightie eight li. nineteene s. foure d. ob Officers of the Musters which are payable out of the checkes namely one Muster-Master at sixe s. eight d. a Comptroller at ten s. and twenty Commissaries each at three s. foure d. per diem Per annum one thousand fiue hundred twenty li. sixteene s. eight d. Extraordinarie allowance for Messengers Espials Post-barkes rewards of seruices c. per annum sixe thousand li. Totall of this Establishment per annum two hundred fifty fiue thousand seuen hundred seuenty three li. fourteene d. qu. denny Memorandum that the dead paies allowed to the Captaines in each Company of horse or foote are herein contained but the charge of munition of leuying horse and foote for reinforcing the Army with many like charges are not herein contained The sixth of Aprill 1601 his Lordship receiued aduertisement from Captaine Io sias Badley at the Nowry that he and Captaine Edward Blony Gouernour of the Forte of Mount-Norreys purposing to surprise Loghrorcan could not carrie a boat which they had prouided to that purpose but he carrying certaine fireworkes prouided in case the boat should faile went to the Fort and ioyning with Captaine Blany marched towards that Iland where they arriued by eight of the clocke in the morning and leaning their forces behind a Wood they both went together to discouer the Iland which done Captaine Bodley made readie thirtie arrowes with wildfier and so they both fell downe with one hundred shot close to the water where the shot playing incessantly vpon the Iland while the other deliuered their arrowes suddenly the houses fired and burnt so vehemently as the rebels lodging there forsooke the Iland and swumme to the further shoare That after they 〈◊〉 burnt to the ground they fired a great house vpon their side of the shoare and killed there sixe Kerne gaining their Armes besides Churles and Calliachs and after the burning of other houses also they brought away some Cowes and Sheepe with other pillage and they vnderstood by a prisoner that there were about thirty persons in the Iland whereof onely eight swumme away of which foure were shot in the water so as the rest either were killed or lay hurt in the Iland Likewise they vnderstood by the said prisoner that great store of butter corne meale and powder was burnt and spoiled in the Iland which all the rebels of that Countrey made their magasine Further that some forty kerne skirmished with them at places of aduantage in their retreat for two miles march but howsoeuer the common opinion was that the Rebels sustained great losse by this seruice yet of the English onely two were slaine and seuen hurt The seuenth of Aprill Sir Henry Dockwra Gouernour of Loughfoyle wrote to his Lordship that he had taken the submission of Hugh Boy Boy of whose seruice to her Maiesty he was confident to make manifold good vses as well for the present setling Sir Iohn Odogherties Countrey after his late death as for reuealing the Rebels secret counsels wel knowne to him Among which he confidently anowed that the King of Spaine had promised to inuade Ireland this yeere with six thousand men to land at some Towne in Munster swearing that three of the chief Cities had promised to receiue them Adding that Florence Mac Carty had written to Odonnel that he had submitted to the Queene onely vpon necessity and that vpon the Spaniards comming hee would ioyne with them This Gouernour further aduertised that Phelim Oge chiefe of a contrary faction in Odogherties country desired to make his humble submission to the Queenes mercy vpon these conditions to leaue of the name of Odogherty and obey any man to whom her Maiesty should giue that Countrey To pay all debts his men did owe to any subiects To discharge his souldiers To returne to the owners twelue hundred Beeues hee had cut for Odonnell To make satisfaction for a Barke comming to the Liffer which his people had taken and spoiled And to yeeld vp to him the Gonernor all the cattle should be found in his Countrey belonging to Odonnell Adding that Sir Iohn Bolles in a iourney made vpon Ocane had killed fifty of his people had burned many houses and much corne And that the garrison of the Liffer had spoiled Tirconnel had slaine many had brought away two hundred Cowes and great booties The tenth of April Sir Oghy Ohanlon a northerne Lord submitted himselfe on his knees to her Maiesties mercy at Tredagh and signed certaine Articles for the performance whereof hee tooke his oath And because these Articles except there fell out some speciall reason to leaue out some of them and to adde others were the same to which all submitties at this time were tied I will once for all adde the briefe of them After his acknowledgement that Queene Elizabeth by the Grace of God Queene of England France and Ireland c. Is the true absolute and Soueraigne Lady of this realme of Ireland and of euery part of all the people therof with humble confession of his former disloyaltie and of his penitency and like profession that he had felt the waight of her Maiesties power This done further to the example of all other offenders he testified that hee made this his humble submission and protestation of his penitency his future loyalty and indeuour to redeeme his faults by his good seruices Then he acknowledged vnder his hand that now before the Lord Deputy and Counsell he taketh a corporall and religious oath for all and seuerall Articles following Namely That he will euer continue a loyall subiect That for performance thereof and of all the following Articles he will put in sufficient pledges That hee doth renounce all manner of obedience to any forraine power or Potentate depending only on the Queene his Soueraigne That hee renounceth all Rebels and will not aide them but serue against them when he is commanded That hee will to the vtter most of his power withstand and confound any disloyal subiect or forraine enemy attempting against the sacred person or estate of her Maiesty or the quietnes of her faithfull subiects more especially against the Arch-traytor Tyrone and the King of Spaine supporting him That hee will come to the State whensoeuer hee is commanded neither will vpon wrongs seeke to right himselfe but will seeke redresse by course of Law That he will reueale all conspiracies of treason which hee shall heare That he will sue out her Maiesties pardon within certaine dayes for him and his followers and answer for their good behauiour That hee will booke these followers within certaine dayes That he will suffer all
subiects safely to trade in his Countrey That hee will extort no blacke Rents or make other exactions on his people but by due course of a subiect For sincere performance hereof he testified that he had taken his corporall oath vpon his knees before the Lord Deputy and Councell the same oath being solemnly ministred to him and taken by him in the said assembly and did againe vow the same vpon his saluation religiously professing that if he should break those Articles or any of them he would acknowledge himselfe not onely to be worthy of all infamy and extreame punishment but euer after to bee most vnworthy to beare the name of a Christian or to inioy the society of men to which as hee had vnfainedly sworne so now in witnesse thereof he did in this written forme of submission set to his hand with addition of the day of the moneth and of the yeere when this act was done by him The sixteenth of Aprill the Gouernour of Loughfoyle by his letters intreated that a pardon might be parsed to Hugh Boy which businesse the bearer had vndertaken to solicite and that Neale Garue to whom the Queene had granted Odonnels Countrey might be sent backe from Dublin because the Irish were consident that vpon his arriuall all the people of Tirconnell would flocke vnto him Further aduertising that the garrison of the Liffer had burnt the New-towne and killed twelue kerne and thirty eight of other people and had brought backe some three hundred Cowes And that the garrison of Donnegall had burnt in Ocanes Countrey a great village and many women children and Cowes with the houses and had killed someforty kerne and churles The three twenty of Aprill his Lordship kept S. Georges feast at Dublin with solemne pompe the Captains bringing vp his meat some of the Colonels attending on his person at Table To which feast the Rebels were inuited whom his Lordship lately receiued to mercy vnder her Maiesties protection till their pardons might be signed namely Turlogh Mac Henry Captain of the Fewes Euer Mac Cooly chiefe of the Fearney Obanlon a Lord of Vlster Phelim Mac Feagh chief of the Obyrnes Donnell Spaniagh chiefe of the Cauanaghs in Lemster These were entertained with plenty of wine and all kindnesse his Lordship assuring them that as he had bin a scourge to them in rebellion so he would now be a mediator for them to her Maiesty in their state of subiects they standing firme and constant to their obedience And no doubt as there is a secret mystery of State in these solemne pomps and as his Lordship therein for his person and carriage was most comely and if I may vse the word Maiesticall so the magnificence of this feast wrought in the hearts of those Rebels and by their relation in the hearts of others after submitting both hauing first experienced the sharpenesse of the Queenes sword such an awfull respect to her Maiesty and such feare tempred with loue to his Lordship as much auailed to containe them in due obedience From the end of March to the beginning of May vpon the Lord Presidents intercession by letters to the Lord Deputy many pardons were granted for life land and goods to Chiefetaines of Countries and Gentlemen in Mounster namely to Mac Carty Reough Chieftain of Carbery and two hundred ten followers as well men as women and children to Oswylliuan Beare and some fiue hundred twenty eight followers as also to Oswylliuan Brantry to Iohn Odoyre of Tiperary and some one hundred fifty followers to Fitz Iames Gerrald with some three hundred seuenty followers and to Teig Mac Mereretagh Obrian in the County of Lymrick with some two hundred twenty one followers and some others which for brenity I omit And it was concluded at the Councell Table on the last of Aprill that the two following Prouisoes should bee inserted in all pardons and charge was accordingly giuen to the Queenes learned Counsell and to the Officers and to his Lordships Secretaries whose hands al pardons passed that the said Prouisoes should be continually inserted namely First in regard some notorious Rebels of the Pale might passe as followers to remote Lords that the pardon be not auailable to any but to the naturall inhabitants tenants and knowne followers of the Lord so pardoned Secondly in regard many Rebels taken and to be iudged according to the Law might by oucrsight bee pardoned prouiso was to be entred that no pardon should auaile any who were already in prison or vpon bayle The second of May his Lordship wrote to the Lords in England that Mounster was not only wel reduced but began to taste the sweetnes of peace that the like might be said of Lemster except the Mores and Conners who were scattered had sought but could not obtain of him the Queens mercy That the Northern borders of Vlster were assured namely Ohanlons Country the Fewes Clancaruill the Ferney most of the Galloglasses and many of the Mac Mahownes and that a garrison was planted in the Brenny and the Queenes Mac Gwyer setled in Fermanagh That Sir Henry Dockwra at Loughfoyle and Sir Arthur Chichester at Carickefergus commonly called Knockefergus had made their neighbours sure to the State and both had done her Maiesty excellent seruice That onely Connaght most easily to be reduced was most out of order That for this reason hee thought fit to plant Ballishannon garrison through Connaght which might be reduced with the very passing of the Army and therefore had perswaded the Magazin of victuals at Galloway specially since from those parts his Lordship might easily ioine with the Lord President in case Spaine should inuade Mounster That in the meane time his Lordship would draw one thousand foot out of Mounster to serue in Vlster and for a time borrow thence fiue hundred Foot and fifty Horse for Connaght iourney the forces remaining being sufficient to guard Mounster and greater then he had left in Lemster in the peace whereof he might seeme to haue more proper interest But if Spaine should inuade Mounster then all the Army was to be drawne thither and great supplies sent out of England since the defection of the Irish was like to be great euen of those who yet had neuer declared any malice against the State yet that his Lordship desired presently no supplies in regard of her Maiesties excessiue charge in leuying and transporting them trusting that by the Rebels forces diminished occasion would be giuen to cast some of the Army with which cast Companies the defects of the standing might be supplied wherein his Lordship promised to proceed without preferring such as quen with their blood shed in his fight deserued aduancement or satisfying some worthy Commanders whose entertainement he had rather lessened or pleasuring those who might iustly challenge preserment from him Therefore praying that her Maiesty would not command him to bestow new Companies as of late shee had done vpon such as of late had beene absent and had
currant The seuenth his Lordship rose to draw towards the Newry and marching to Mount Norreis encamped neere the said Fort. The eight day his Lordship dispatched the Earle of Clanrickard into Connaght to command the forces in those parts hauing sent for Sir Iohn Barkeley to come with a regiment to the Campe. Here his Lordship gaue warrant for the passing of her Maiesties pardon for land life and goods to Arthus Mac Gennis chiefe of his Sept with some 170 followers Here his Lordship receiued letters out of England from M r Secretary signifying that the Lord President had sent to her Maiesty diuers aduertisements that the Spaniards would presently land in some part of Mounster from whence the Lord Deputy for necessity had lately drawne one thousand foot and fifty horse into Connaght That her Maiesty did well allow of his Lordships care in drawing those men to that seruice and not leesing the present certainty for apprehension of the future not so assured That it was probable that the King of Spaine would doe something now at the vpshot and though it was not credible that he would send ten or twelue thousand men into Ireland yet since he had from February last begunne a foundation to prouide forces for the Low-Countries or Ireland as his affaires should require and since the Low-Country Army was reinforced by land out of Italy her Maiesty thought he might with ease transport foure or fiue thousand men for Ireland and was like to doe it and so he might for the time turne the state of Ireland would thinke them well bestowed if he should leese them all at the yeeres end That in this respect her Maiesty had resolued to leauy fiue thousand men to be in readines and to send two thousand of them presently for Mounster to arriue there by the tenth of this moneth so as if the Spaniards should land the Lord President might be enabled to keepe the Prouincials from reuolt till he the Lord Deputy might come thither and more forces might be sent out of England and if they should not inuade Ireland then his Lordship might keepe the one thousand he had drawne from Mounster to finish the worke whereof he had laide an happy foundation heartily wishing that his Lordship might be the happy Instrument to saue Ireland to whom he professed himselfe tied in most constant and honest friendship and praying his Lordship to esteeme these ready seconds besides the publike duty to proceed much out of an extraordinary respect to his Lordship That for bestowing of the Companies to be sent into Mounster as he who was gone meaning 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Earle of Essex made too great a Monopoly in bestowing all such places himselfe so now there was a great confusion euery Lord importuning to preferre his friend and follower but that for his part he sought no mans preferrement herein but onely aduised that those might be first respected which came ouer with the Lord Deputies recommendations That the Lord President had earnestly moued him and in good sort challenged to haue hopes in him for the procurement of some meanes to gratifie his followers and had by other friends obtained of her Maiesty that some of those Companies might be sent ouer vndisposed and left to his disposall to which he the Secretary had giuen second rather then that the places should be bestowed in England without any thankes eather to the Lord Deputy or Lord President Protesting that how soeuen he loued the Lord President he would not scant his due respect to his Lordship wherein he thought to giue him the least discontent That he conceiued the Spaniards would not make difcent at Corcke which Towne was not guardable when they had it Noryet at Lymricke though fit by the scituation because an enemy ingaged so farre into the Kingdome could not hope for supplies when her Maiesty should take due resolution to oppose them But rather iudged Galloway a fit place for their discen giuing commodity to ioine with the Northerne rebels and seated in a Countrey all out in rebellion Or else Waterford in respect of the goodly Riuer and the peoples affection to Spaine adui 〈◊〉 the Fort of Dungannon should carefully be furnished with a Commander men and necessaries Lastly that Ostend was obstinately besieged by the Arch-Duke with thirteene thousand foote and sixty peeces of battery and howsoeuer the States had left two thousand Dutch there yet their Army being at Bercke whence it would not be raised the Town had beene carried within ten daies if Sir Francis Vere had not throwne himselfe into it with one thousand sixe hundred English to whom her Maiesty sent one thousand men and prepared to send 2000. more no succour the place because part of the Army in Italy was come downe to the Arch Duke The ninth of August his Lordship the Counsellors present in the Campe writ to the Lords in England That the Army had bin imployed in preparing her Maiesties Forts fitting them for the winter war in the present spoyling of the rebels corne the only way to ruine them hoping to keep the army in field til haruest were past so that it being impossible to cut all their corne our garrisons might haue opportunity to gather the rest and the rebels might be hindred from gathering any except it were Tyrones corne neere Dungannon wherunto the passage was so difficult as his L P for so little thought not good to hazard al especially since Sir Hen. Dockwra for want of Match as he had written could not meete his Lordship in Tyrone according to their former proiect whereof his Lordship notwithstanding professed himselfe nothing sorrie in regard that meeting would haue giuen the Arch rebell power to fling the Dice againe for recouerie of their fortune that vpon an vnequall hazard by setting his rest vpon either of them apart diuided into three bodies vnder the Lord Deputy the said Sir Henrie Dockwra and Sir Arthur Chichester euen with the whole force of his Northerne partakers though his other friends further off were kept from aiding him by the disposall of our other forces That besides the spoyling of their corne his Lordship by search had found an ensie way to pasle to Dungannon which hitherto was neuer by any Guide made knowne to vs had cut down a broad pace through a thick Wood in two dayes labour and so came to the Riuer where he purposed as soone as might be to build a Fort with a Bridge there being from thence to Dungannon lesse then foure miles all in a plaine That this would cut the Arch-traytors throat for howsoeuer the name of Oneale was so reuerenced in the North as none could bee induced to hetray him vpon the large reward set vpon his head yet when the hope of assistance from Spaine should be taken away they seeing their Corne spoyled and vpon our expected supplies seeing vs enter Tyrone could not but see their apparant confusion That howsoeuer this Summer few of their
time collected out of the Lord Presidents letters The setling of peace in the yeere 1600. was interrupted by the allarum of a Spanish inuasion generally giuen in the beginning of this yeere 1601. And in the moneth of Aprill the Mounster Rebels which fledde the last yeere into Connaght and Vlster attempted againe to returne into Mounster hauing beene strengthened by Tyrone but the Lord President sent Captaine Flower with one thousand foote to the confines and these forces of Mounster on the one side and Sir Iohn Barkeley with the Connaght Forces on the other side so persued them as the same moneth they were forced to breake and returne into Vlster Florence mac Carty notwithstanding his protection had procured the sending of the said Rebels out of the North and besides many rebellious practices about this time laded a Barke with hides which should bring him munition from forraigne parts The Lord President ceased not to lay continuall plots to apprehend the ticulary Earle of Desmond hauing often driuen him out of his lurking dennes in which seruice the Lord Barry hauing a Company in her Maiesties pay did noble endeuours at last the Lord President vnderstanding that he lurked in the white Knights Countrey his Lordship did so exasperate him with feare of his owne danger as in the moneth of May he tooke him prisoner and brought him to Corke where hee was condemed for treason to intitle the Queene in his lands and for a time kept prisoner there In the moneth of Iune the Lord President receiued this gracious letter from the Queene written with her owne hand MY faithfull George If euer more seruice of worth were performed in shorter space then you haue done we are deceiued among many eye wituesses we haue receiued the fruit thereof and bid you faithfully credit that what so wit courage or care may do we truly find they haue all been throughly acted in all your charge And for the same beleeue that it shall neither be vnremembred nor vnrewarded and in meane while beleeue my helpe nor prayers shall neuer faile you Your Soueraigne that best regards you E. R. In the beginning of Iuly the Lord President aduertised the Lord Deputy that according to his directions hee would presently send into Connaght 1000 foot and fifty horse of the Mounster list though vpon good and fresh intelligences the arriuall of Spaniards was daily expected in that Prouince and the forces remaining with him were not sufficient to guard Kinsale Waterford Yoghall Killmalloch Lymricke and Cork the last whereof according to his Lordships directions he would haue care specially to strengthen That he had giuen the chiefe leader of the said forces Sir Fran. Barkely direction to return to him vpon his letter if her Maiesties seruice in his opinion should require it praying the Lord Deputy to allow of this direction since hee meant not to recall them but vpon sudden reuolt of the Prouincials or arriuall of Spaniards That the Prisoner vsurping the title of Earle of Desmond and many other euidences made manifest that the rebels of Vlster and especially the Spaniards did most relie vpon the helpe of the said prisoner Florence mac Carty which Florence though protected had assured them of his best aide and had preuailed in a Councell held in Vlster that the Spaniards should land at or neere Cork And that hereupon he the Lord President had apprehended Florence and sent him together with the said Earle Prisoner into England where they were safe in the Tower which being in time knowne to the Spaniards might perhaps diuert their inuasion of Ireland And no doubt the laying hand on these two Archrebels much aduanced her Maiesties seruice in the following inuasion whereby the Lord President deseruedly wonne great reputation Thus much I haue briefly noted to the time aboue mentioned when the Lord Deputy wrote to the Lord President to meet him on the confines of Mounster They meeting as I said at Laughlin rode together to Kilkenny where the twenty day of September they sate in Counsell with the Earle of Ormond and the rest of the Counsel with purpose so soone as they had resolued of the meetest course for the present seruice to returne to their seuerall places of charge But the same day newes came by post for Postes were newly established for the same purpose that a Spanish Fleet was discouered neere the old head of Kinsale whereupon they determined to stay there all the next day to haue more certain aduertisement therof The three twentith day another Post came from Sir Charles Willmot aduertising the Spanish Fleete to be come into the harbour of Kinsale and it was agreed in Counsell that the Lord President should returne to Corke and the Lord Deputy for countenancing of the seruice in Mounster should draw to Clommell and gather such forces as hee could presently to draw to Kinsale nothing doubting but that this forwardnesse howsoeuer otherwise the Army neither for numbers of men nor sufficiency of prouision was fit to vndertake such a taske would both couer their many defects from being spied by the Country and for a while at the least stop the currant of that generall defection of the Irish which was vehemently feared This was resolued in Counsell after the Lord President had giuen them comfort to find victuals and munition at Corke for at first they were not so much troubled to draw the forces thither as suddenly to bring victuals and munition thither for them But when they vnderstood that his Lordship had fed the souldiers all Summer by cesse and preserued her Maiesties store of victuals which they thought to be wasted they were exceeding ioyfull of this newes and not without iust desert highly commended the Lord Presidents prouident wisdome in the said most important seruice to the State The same day they wrote these letters to the Lords in England IT may please your Lordships The Spanish Fleete so long expected by the Rebels here is now in the harbour of Kinsale or Corke as it may appeare vnto your Lordships for a certainty by the copies of these inclosed letters from Sir Charles Wilmott and the Maior of Corke which is as much newes as we haue yet receiued so as we can not iudge whether this be the whole Fleete set out of Spaine or whether part thereof is comming after to them or bound for any other harbour onely we haue some reason to thinke the weather falling out of late exceeding stormy and tempestious that all the ships could very hardly keepe together and the report was the whole number were at least seuentie We are now to be earnest sutors to your Lordships to supply vs with all things needefull for so weighty an action and so speedily as possibly it may be The two thousand foote already as we conceiue at Chester we now desire may presently be lent to Waterford and neither to Carlingford nor Dublin as I the Deputie thought fittest in my last dispatch when I meant
vpon the Rebels promise of horse but also great store of Armes for the common people vpon hope they had giuen them of their generall reuolt and humbly praying their Lordships that in regard our greatest strength and aduantage consisted in our horses they would cause a thousand quarters of Oates to be speedily sent for Corke without which store our horses were like to starue within a short time and in case they approued the prosecution in the North to bee continued without intermission then they would bee pleased to send the like quantitie of Oates to be kept in store at Carlingford Lastly praying their Lordships to send hether a Master Gunner with sixe Canoniers The second of October his Lordship wrote this following letter to Master Secretarie SIr I doe thinke we shall finde these forces out of Spaine to be aboue foure thousand aboundantly prouided with Munition Artillery and Armes besides their owne vse to arme the Countrie people great store of treasure and of all victuals but flesh All the Chiefes that are in rebellion and all the loose sword men will presently take their parts The Lords that we haue reclaimed if we doe not defend them from Tirone must and will returne vnto him Vpon the first good countenance the Spanish army shall make I feare me many will declare themselues for them but vpon the first blow we shall receiue from the which I hope God will preserue vs I doubt there would fall out a generall reuolt The Commander of the Spanish Army is one of the greatest Souldiers the King of Spaine hath the Captaine vnder him are most ancient men their Bands some out of Italy some from the Terceraes and few Bisonioes They are specially well armed all their shot as I heard muskets they haue brought sixteene hundred saddles and Armes for horsemen of light shot whereof they make account to be prouided in Ireland and so may they be as well as in any part of Christendome and likewise to haue horses for their saddles but therein I thinke they will be deceiued There are not yet come vnto vs any other forces but such 〈◊〉 onely I found in this Prouince Vpon the arriuall of the first troopes which I looke for howerly we shall send you word of some good blowes that will passe betweene vs for I meane to dwell close by them by the grace of God to put them to it Sir the King of Spaine hath now begun to inuade her Maiesties Kingdomes if only to put Ireland in generall commotion he hath chosen the worst place if to doe that and to lay a sudden foundation for the warre of England the best if he hath beene deceiued in any expectation here the State of Spaine must now make good the errour and doubtlesse is ingaged to supplie all defects The commodity that is offered vnto her Maiesty is that shee may sooner preuent then Spaine prouide Now as her Maiesties faithfull workeman I am bold to propound in my own taske that it may please her to send presently good part of her royall Fleete and with them such prouisions for battery as we did write for and at the least so many horse and foote as by our letter we haue sued for with victuals and munitions in aboundance for them It will be fit that this Winter there be a sharpe warre made in Vlster which will keepe the Spaniard from any important succour and ruine for euer the Traitors if the warre be well followed If it be made by the seuerall Gouernours the effect will not be so great if you will haue it performed thorowly you must make one Gouernour of all Vlster and the fittest man that can bee chosen in England or Ireland is Sir Arthur Chichester If you resolue on that course from him you must continually receiue his demands onely of the three hundred horse wee did write for it were good he had sent him out of the North one hundred For foot if you send him out of England to supply the Companies at Loughfoyle and Knockefergus aboue our proportion it will be much better for Armagh and those parts shall receiue from vs. This course I hope will soone make an end of the warre in Ireland of Spaine in Ireland and perchance of Spaine for a long time with England I doubt not but you will conceiue this action to bee of no lesse importance then it is What goodly Hauens are in these parts for shipping how many fighting men of the Irish may be from hence by the King of Spaine carried for an inuasion of England the want of which two kinds hath beene his chiefe impediment hitherto you well know Beleeue Sir out of my experience here if the King of Spaine should preuaile in Ireland he may carry aboue ten thousand men from hence that ioined with his Army will be of more vse for the inuasion of England then any that can be chosen out of any part of Christen dome And now Sir that you know as I hope the worst I cannot dissemble how confident I am to beate these Spanish Dons as well as euer I did our Irish Macks and Oes and to make a perfect conclusion of the warre of Ireland as soone as if this interruption had neuer happened if wee haue Gods blessing and the Queenes and those ordinary meanes without the which none but infinite powers can worke I beseech the eternall God preserue her Maiesty and her Kingdomes and send me the happinesse to kisse her royall hands with the conscience of hauing done her the seruice I desire And so Sir I doe wish you all happinesse and will be euer From Corke the 2 of October 1601 Yours Sir most assured to doe you seruice Mountioy The same day his Lordship wrote another letter to Master Secretary as followeth SIR here are diuers worthy men very fit to haue charge who haue followed the wars here as voluntaries to their very great expence look now by my meanes to haue command vpon the comming ouer of the next Companies if you send more then serue only for supplies I haue no meanes to keep them from going thither to vse the helpe of their friends and get them Companies there but by promising them any thing that I can doe for them here for by that course I conceiue I ease you of that trouble which their importunate sutes would breede you and hold them here ready for any seruice vpon the sudden thinking it no pollicy at this time to spare any that may giue furtherance to the great worke we haue in hand If it will please you to doe me that fauour to procure that the Companies to come ouer may be appointed Captaines of my nomination I shall be able to satisfie those Gentlemens expectations who I am perswaded will be fitter for this imployment then any that can be sent from thence and they finding their aduancement here where they are to be tied to their taske will in my iudgement endeauour to deserue the best being in the
theirs doubled I am the bolder to pronounce it in his name that euer hath protected my righteous cause in which I blesse them all And putting you in the first place I end scribling in hast Your louing Soueraigne E. R. The same day his Lordship receiued letters from the Lords in England signifying that renne shippes of warre set sayle from Rochester with the first wind after the eight of October last to attend the Coast of Mounster wherein were sent two thousand foot for the Army in Mounster vnder Captaines appointed That two thousand more were then leuied to bee sent to the Army by the way of Bristow and Barstable which were left to his Lordship to bee disposed in supplies or Companies as hee thought fit That one thousand foote more were sent to supplie Loughfoyle Garrison That two hundred horse were sent to his Lordship for the Army and fifty horse to Loughfoyle That they had sent his Lordship besides the former twenty last of powder thirty last more That they had sent large prouisions of victuals And that they greatly commended the Lord Presidents prouidence that he had made his souldiers former ly liue of their pay in money and so preserued the former store of victuals in Mounster for this time without which the Army could not haue kept the field till the new prouisions ariued The last part of their L PS letter followeth in these words Hereunto we must adde this as that whereof our selues haue been a good while both hearers and obseruers That no Prince can apprehend with better acceptation your Lordships proceeding in that Kingdome then her Maiestie doth in so much as she vsed often this speech that she would not wish her Army there nor the safetie of her people in better hands then in yours In whom and so in other Principall Officers of her State and Army as she doth obserue that all difficulties are well entertained with alacritie and resolution so we must let your Lordship know that when her Maiestie had read a priuate letter of yours to mee the principall Secretarie written from kilkenny with your owne hand assoone as you had heard the newes of a forraigne enemie it pleased her Maiestie to cause it bee read to vs all as being written in a stile wherein shee discerned both the strong powers of your owne minde in promising to your selfe all happy successe against such an enemie and the liuely affections you beare to her person for which you desire to bee made a Sacrifice wherein although you haue not deceiued her former expectation yet her Maiestie would haue you know that shee doth not doubt but you shall liue to doe her many more seruices after you haue made the Prouince of Mounster serue for a Sepulcher to these new Conquerours Of the foure thousand men which now her Maiestie sendeth into Mounster wee send onely two thousand vnder Captaines the rest wee leaue to conductors to be vsed as you shall please when they arriue and to displace any whom wee doe send if you thinke them not sufficient Now therefore till wee heare further from you wee haue no more to say but that wee account our selues all in one ship with you that wee will all concurre to aduance by our Ministerie whatsoeuer her Maiestie shall resolue to doe for you all of vs hauing one ende and one desire to inable you as her Maiesties principall instrument to free that Kingdome from the malicious attempts of forraine power and to redeeme it out of the in ward misery by intestine rebellion The fifth of Nouember foure barkes with munition and victuals that were sent from Dublin arriued in Kinsale harbor and vpon certaine intelligence that Tyrone was comming vp with a great Army to ioyne with the Spaniard it was resolued by the Counsell of States and the Colonels of Councell at warre that the next day the Camp should be fortified against Tyrone on the North side furthest from the towneward and that the next day following the Lord President with two Regiments of foote consisting of two thousand one hundred men in Lyst and with three hundred twentie fiue horse should draw to the borders of the Prouince to stop or at least hinder Tyrones passage To which purpose the Lord Barry and the Lord Bourke with the forces of the Countrie had direction to attend the Lord President The sixth day the Campe was accordingly fortified and the seuenth in the morning the Lord President with the said horse and foote left the Campe at which time it was concluded by both Counsels that wee could attempt nothing against the towne vntill either the Lord President returned or the new Forces and prouisions promised from England arriued it being iudged a great worke for vs in the meane time to continue our lying before the Towne since the Spaniards in the Towne were more in number then we who besieged them The same seuenth day his Lordship and the Counsell here wrote to the Lords in England this following letter IT may please your Lordships The first and second of this present moneth we receiued her Maiesties and your Lordships most comfortable letters of the fourth and sixth of the last and for the speciall care it pleaseth you to take of vs doe yeeld as we haue iust cause our most humble and heartiest thankes protesting that we will labour to deserue the same and the continuance which it pleaseth your Lordships to promise thereof with the vttermost of our endeuours and seruices euen to the sacrificing of our liues And in the meane time humbly pray your Lordships both to accept in good part and fauourably to report vnto her Maiestie what hitherto we haue been able to performe though nothing to that we did affect if our meanes had answered our desires or that little we expected to come fome Dublin which we sent for vpon the Spaniards first landing here had by a more fauourable wind arriued sooner as we hoped Wee beseech your Lordships giue vs leaue to referre you for your information in that point to the Iournall which herewithall we send for thereby wee conceiue will best appeare both what wee haue done and were enabled to doe since the returne of Master Marshall and other Officers and Commanders sent of purpose into the Pale and the parts Northwards to draw the forces thereabouts the more speedily hither to vs and to hasten hither such other prouisions as 〈…〉 here we should haue need off And with your Lordships fauour license vs to adde that wee can hardly proceede any further till our supplies of men and munitions come for we finde it a worke of great difficulty and assured losse of men and expence of al prouisions of warre to vndertake with these meanes we haue to force so many men out of any place although it were not greatly otherwise fortified but by the bodies of men onely whereas this Towne of Kinsale hath a good wall and many strong Castles in it Wee doe looke howerly for Tyrone esteemed to
be comming with a great Armie of horse and foote selected out of all the rebels in Ireland and from all others that he can seduce to his partie At his comming these Prouincials will discouer themselues either against vs or neutrals as they are for better wee doe not expect from them Except out supplies doe come before his arriuall wee shall hardly bee Masters of the field but rather driuen wee feare to discontinue our siege yet if her Maiesties shipping prouisions and supplies doe arriue in any time we hope to giue her ere it bee long a good account of this place though wee desire your Lordships to consider the difficulties we haue to contend with in this Countrie and season of the yeere besides the force and opposition of the enemie I the President doe acknowledge the receit of such an intelligence concerning Captaine A. as it pleaseth your Lordships to remember and since that time kept very good spiall vpon him and haue had the sight of all his papers yet cannot find any thing giues me cause to suspect him and therefore we all thinke it fit seeing his Company is returned hither among other to make vse of his seruice here for which we find him very fit vntill there may be some apt occasion to dispose of him elsewhere without giuing him discontentment vnlesse we had more particular and certaine ground to charge him with which wee must receiue from thence yet in the meane time hee shall bee so narrowly looked vnto as if hee haue the will which wee doubt not hee shall not haue meanes to hurt much The same seuenth day his Lordship vnderstanding from Master Secretary by his letter dated the nineteenth of the last moneth and receiued the second of this moneth that he found her Maiesty inclined to make one Gouernour ouer all Vlster and especially to like of Sir Arthur Chichester for that great charge whereupon hee purposed to proceed therein if his Lordship would explane himselfe how hee would haue that matter carried His Lordship wrote his minde plainely therein aduising that Sir Arthur Chichester should bee made Gouernour of all Vlster by what name it should please her Maiesty to giue him whereby hee might direct all the parts of that Prouince and be resident where he should thinke fittest for the seruice commanding in chiese where he came The managing of the warre to be in generall left to himselfe except he receiued particular directions vpon speciall occasions from England or from the Lord Deputy adding that from him the Lords might be more speedily enformed of what is done or fit to be required for the making of that warre whom of all other Commanders he thought fittest for that charge praying that the Lords there would aduise him and Sir Henry Dockwra to hold a good correspondency for her Maiesties seruice since hee conceiued the warre was to bee chiefly made by their two ioining together For the Scots that any number not exceeding foure thousand might in his conceit fitly be entertained and left to the disposall of Sir Arthur Chichester whose iudgement vpon the state of things there was fittest to be followed for hee could best chuse apt places to lodge them till Sir Henry Dockwra and he might draw into the field when those Scots should ioyne with them and would be of very great vse to spoile which is the best seruice can be done vpon the Irish. Concluding that he had written to Sir Arthur Chichester that he should send into England to him the Secretary his opinion in this businesse which no doubt hee would presently doe But this proiect of appointing a Gouernour in Vlster tooke no effect by reason that Tyrone with most of his Forces were defeated shortly after in Mounster Master Secretary at the same time had sent his Lordship spanish newes which in this his answere he confessed were very likely yet thought it would bee very hard for them to make ready foure thousand men more before Christmas He signified that they here were all of opinion that the necessity of the Spanish forces already in Ireland being more then was expected both by losse at Sea and since their comming hither and by the failing of the Irish hitherto to ioine with them their supplies would be hastened sooner then was determined for so they were aduertised by all the Prisoners taken and by such as did come vnto vs from them His Lordship acknowledged himselfe very much bound vnto Master Secretary for the good dispatch he procured with this last passage and not the least that her Maiesty was pleased to allow of their entertainement of the Irish yet beseeched him to beleeue that by this course they had preuented Tyrone of a great many men that otherwise would and must haue serued him for entertainement hauing no other meanes to liue and yet hitherto all was done within the compasse of the lyst and the White Knight was one of them that before the comming of this approbation was prouided for so carefull was hee to giue him good contentment For their outcries in the Pale he answered that he did not maruel for by that which he had obserued he did iudge that the word Pale had cost the Queen a million yet so il were they disposed so backward euen in their own defence as they now suffred Tyrone with a few horse about the number of 60 to burne and prey them at his pleasure though they were able of themselues to haue beaten him and all his forces and besides had the assistance of Companies in the Queenes pay being three thousand or two thousand at least yet if he would consider that foure thousand Spaniards for so the prisoner that we tooke deliuered them to be vpon his saluation with whom all our prisoners relation and our intelligence did concurre are possessed of a Towneful of strong houses and walled about and helped with many aduantages of ground though commanded by some places hee might easily conceiue that it must bee no small army can force them since our approches this winter were so difficult that the very trenches we made were continually filled with water and the decay of our men was so great by continuall labour sicknesse sword and bullet And therefore we had no reason to keepe a great body of men in the Pale to guard it till this dangerous war were fiuished But to preuent this clamour of the Pale it was meerely vnpossible though it would please her Maiesty to keepe there ten thousand in her pay when they would not stirre nor raise the crie but suffer themselues to bee so vsed out of the malice of their owne hearts that they might haue some colour of complaint being the worst sort of people in all the Kingdome though he protested he had been as carefull of them as if they had been his Kindred or speciall friends knowing well their humor to be so clamerous For her Maiesties expence he besought him to beleeue that no man did looke vpon it
shipped if it be possible at one time if not at two and that to be within the time aboue named 5 Item that if by contrary winds or by any other occasions there shall arriue at any Port of these Kingdomes of Ireland or England any ships of these in which these men goe they be intreated as friends and may ride safely in the Harbour and bee victualed for their money and haue moreouer things which they shall need to furnish them to their voiage 6 Item during the time that they shall stay for shipping victuals shall be giuen to Don Ieans people at iust and reasonable rates 7 Item that of both parts shall be cessation of Armes and security that no wrong be offered to any one 8 Item that the ships in which they shall goe for Spaine may passe safely by any other ships whatsoeuer of her Maiesties the Queene of England and so shal the ships of the said Queene her subiects by those that shall goe from hence and the said ships being arriued in Spaine shall returne so soone as they haue vnshipped their men without any impediment giuen them by his Maiesty the King of Spaine or any other person in his name but rather they shall shew them fauour and helpe them if they neede anything and for securitie of this that they shall giue into the Lord Deputies hands three Captaines such as he shall chuse 9. For the securitie of the performance of these articles Don Iean offereth that he will confirme and sweare to accomplish this agreement and likewise some of the chiefe Captaines of his charge shal sweare and confirme the same in a seuerall writing 10. Item that Don Iean in person shall abide in this Kingdome where the Lord Deputy shall appoint till the last shipping vpon his Lordships word and if it happen that his people be shipped all at once the said Don Iean shall goe in the same Fleete without any impediment giuen him but rather the Lord Deputie shall giue him a good ship in which he may goe and if his said men be sent in two shippings then he shall goe in the last 11. And in like sort the said Lord Deputy shall sweare and confirme and giue his word on the behalfe of her Maiestie the Queene and his owne to keepe and accomplish this agreement and ioyntly the Lord President the Marshall of the Campe and the other of the Counsell of State and the Earles of Thomond and Clanrickard shall sweare and confirme the same in a seuerall writing I promise and sweare to accomplish and keep these articles of agreement and promise the same likewise on the behalfe of his Maiestie the Catholique King my Master Don Iean de l' Aguila Geo. Carew Clanrickard Thomond R. Wingfeild Geo. Bourcher Ro. Gardner Ric. Leuison The Date of this writing is after the new stile Don Iean de l' Aguila Fynes Moryson This agreement being asigned by hands promised by honourable words and confirmed by solemne oathes on both parts the Lord Deputie raised the siege vpon the ninth of Ianuarie and his Lordship with Don Iean de l' Aguila and some of the chiefe Spanish Captaines in his Company rode that day to Corke whether our Army marched the same day the grosse of the Spaniards remaining at Kinsale After the Lord Deputy dispersed the Army through the Townes of Mounster to be lodged namely at Corke Waterford Youghall Rosse Callan Cashell Thomastowne Kilkenny Dungaruen and Clommell The tenth of Ianuary his Lordship gaue order to the victualer to prouide a moneths Bisquit for three thousand fiue hundred Spaniards after a pound and a halfe each day for a man and to prouide for them as much beefe and beare proportionably as could be gotten with speede His Lordship gaue order that the shipping should bee vnladen in the Ports and made ready to transport the Spaniards into Spaine The eleuenth of Ianuary his Lordship receiued letters dated the two and twentieth of Nouember from the Lords in England aduertising that the Earle of Desmond was there lately dead and therefore requiring that the Company of foote kept in his name and for his maintenance should be discharged reseruing that part of intertainement which out of the same was allotted to the Lord Bishop of Cashell and to the reliefe of the Earle of Desmonds sisters Further aduertising that eighteene hundred quarters of Oates were sent into Mounster for the horse troopes which would with the transportation cost her Maiesty fifteene shillings the quarter and were to bee issued to the troopes at the same rate The same day his Lordship receiued letters dated the foure and twentieth of December from the Lords in England as followeth AFter our right hearty commendations to your Lordship we haue now at last after long and great expectation receiued your letters by Sir Oliuer S. Iohns who arriued yesternight at the Court by whom although her Maiestie hath not receiued so much satisfaction as was hoped for vpon the former probabilities contained in your dispatches yet his relation hath made a great alteration of that anxiety in which her Maiesty remained by those reports which haue been brought to this place to which in respect of your long and vnexpected silence from those parts wee could no way giue contradiction hauing not receiued before now any particular aduertisement since the arriuall of Sir Thomas Sauage and therefore no way able to make any iudgement of your estate which was thus described First that the Irish rebels lodged close by you that your Campe was full of all misery and penury to the great slander of this Kingdome lastly that there were six thousand Spaniards landed of which last particular my Lord of Ormonds man was the relator For preuention of which vncertainty hereafter we are commanded in her Maiesties name to require you from hence forward to aduertise vs frequently from time to time of your proceedings to the intent that her Maiestie may still haue meanes to prouide for your support which you may not looke to receiue from hence in the time you shall vse them except wee may be daily informed before-hand from you of all such particular circumstances as fall out in that place To come therefore now to this present dispatch wee haue perused your Iournals both of the seruices done and of the difficulties which haue interrupted your proceedings hitherto whereunto wee meane to make no other replie then this That wee that know your iudgement and affection to her Maiesties seruice so well as we 〈◊〉 must say thus much that wee are no more doubtfull that you haue done as much as you could then you haue reason we hope by the course that is taken with you from hence not to beleeue and know that her Maiesty hath in no sort neglected you For demonstration whereof you shall first vnderstand that before the arriuall of Sir Oliuer Saint Iohns her Maiestie had giuen order for foure thousand men to be sent into Mounster with such supplies of munition
and victuals as her Maiestie thought fit prouisionally to send though for lacke of aduertisement wee could not make any other particular iudgement what were too much or too little Only this we know that if that body of Spanish forces which are now in that Kingdome shall not be defeated before the like body of an army or a greater arriue her Maiesty shall be put to such a warre in the end as howsoeuer this State may vndergo the excessiue charges of continuall leauies and transportation which you wil well consider to be of intolerable burthen to this Kingdome all circumstances considered yet such will be the extreme difficulties to maintaine such an Army in that Realme where it must fight against forraigne Armies and an vniuersall rebellion and in a climate full of contagion and in a Kingdome vtterly wasted as we do wel foresee that it wil draw with it more pernicious consequents then euer this State was subiect to For whosoeuer shall now behold the beginning of this malitious designe of the King of Spaine must well conclude although he hath now begun his action vpon a false ground to find a powerfull party in that Kingdome at his first discent wherin he hath bin in some measure deceiued yet seeing he is now so deepely ingaged and so well findeth his errour that he will value his honour at too high a rate to suffer such a worke to dissolue in the first foundation In consideration whereof her Maiesty like a prouident Prince resolueth presently to send a strong Fleet to his owne coast to preuent his new reinforcement not doubting if such a disaster should happen that these forces should remaine so long vnremoued by you in Ireland which we cannot beleeue that her Maiesties Fleet shall yet be in great possibilitie to defeate the new supplies by the way for which purpose her Maiestie perceiuing how dangerous a thing it is for the Fleete in Ireland to lie off at Sea in this Winter weather which they must doe if it be intended that they shall hinder a descent and how superfluous a thing it is to maintaine such a Fleet only to lie in Harbours her Maiestie is pleased to reuoke the greatest part of her Royall ships hither and to adde to them a great proportion and send them all to the Coast of Spaine leauing still such a competent number of ships there as may sufficiently blocke vp the Harbour and giue securitie and countenance to transportation To which end we haue written a letter in her Maiesties name to reuoke Sir Richard Leuison and to leaue Sir Amias Preston with the charge of those ships contained in this note to whom we haue giuen directions in all things to apply himselfe to those courses which you shall thinke most expedient for that seruice You shall also vnderstand that we haue now directed Sir Henrie Dockwra to send eight hundred men by pole to Knockfergus to Sir Arthur Chichester and commanded him to make them vp one thousand and so with all speede the said Sir Arthur himselfe to march vp with a thousand of the best men to your reinforcement in Mounster And thus hauing for the present little else to write vnto you till we heare further we doe conclude with our best wishes vnto you of all happy and speedy successe And so remaine c. at the Court at whitehall the foure und twentieth of December 1601. The same eleuenth day of Ianuary his Lordship receiued other letters from the Lords dated the seuen and twentieth of December signifying that whereas his Lordship had often moued on the behalfe of the Captaines that they might receiue their full pay without deduction of the souldiers apparrell which they themselues would prouide now her Maiestie was pleased to condescend thereunto I remember not whether his Lordship had moued this since or before the new mixed coyne was curtant but sure this was great aduantage to her Maiestie at this time hauing paied siluer for the apparrell and being to make the full pay in mixed money The same eleuenth day of Ianuary his Lordship receiued from the Lords in England letters dated the fiue and twentieth of Nouember signifying that a proportion of victuals was prouided at Plimoth for which he should send foure Merchants ships of the Queenes Fleere at Kinsaile And requiring to bee aduertised vpon what termes the Spaniards had yeelded which were then sent ouer for England that they might be disposed accordingly By the old date of this letter and another aboue mentioned of the two and twentieth of Nouember receiued all on the eleuenth of Ianuary it may appeare how necessarie it is to haue the Magazins in Ireland well stored and how dangerous it is that the Army should depend on sudden prouisions The same day his Lordship receiued letters from the Lords in England that her Maiestie had made a leauy of foure thousand foote whereof two thousand were now at the Ports to be imbarked for Mounster namely one thousand one hundred committed to the charge of eleuen Captaines and nine hundred vnder the conduct of some of the said Captaines left to his Lordships disposall The fourteenth his Lordship lying at the Bishop of Corkes house receiued this following letter from Don Iean lying in the Towne of Corke translated out of Spanish Most Excellent Lord SInce they carried me to the Citie of Corke certaine Merchants haue told me they thinke they should find ships to carry me and my folke into Spaine if your excellency would giue them license and pasport of which I humbly beseech your highnes as also that of your great beniguitie your excellency will haue pitie of these his prisoners who here do expect the great mercie which so great a Prince as your Excellency vseth towards his seruants and prisoners These poore prisoners suffer extreme wants both with hunger and cold for there is no sustenance giuen them at all nor find they any almes I beseech your Excellency will bee pleased to haue compassion of them There is one dead of hunger and others are ready to die of it God keepe your Excellency the yeeres which we his seruants wish his Excellency From Corke the foure and twentieth of Ianuary 1602 stile nouo and as they write Your Excellencies seruant Don I can del ' Aguila The Spanish prisoners were these Taken at Rincorran Castle men and women 90. Taken at Castle Nyparke 16. Taken in the sallye the second of December 13. Taken at Tyrones ouer throw the foure and twentieth of December aswell principall as ordinary men one and forty prisoners in all one hundred sixtie besides the runnawaies during the siege were thirty and these together with many of the said prisoners had been sent into England and the rest of whom Don lean writes were still prisoners as 〈◊〉 The foure and twentieth of Ianuary the Lord Deputy and Councell here wrote to the Lords in England this letter following MAy it please your Lordships wee haue receiued your letters of the foure and
in the title of her fauour and my desert and doe remember how doubtfull the fortune of the warre is I cannot but feare that one disaster shall be put into the ballence against all my labours and endeauours and therewithall conclude and confesse that I couet no mortall fortune more then to bee fairely rid of the part which I play on so dangerous a stags before these serpents may find any aduantage to hisse at me Whereas otherwise if I had beene secure of her Maiesties fauour against these Vipers tongues I should with confidence and alacrity goe towards the greatest dangers that can rise against me but as God hath hitherto stopped their mouths so I hope for her Maiesties good if not for mine he will continue his fauour who prosper me in all things as I doe sincerely intend her seruice c. The eighteenth day the Lord Deputy receiued letters from the Lords in England signifying that besides the two thousand last sent the greatest part vnder Captaines the rest left to his Lordships disposall now vpon a second leauy two thousand more were appointed to bee embarked the sixe and twentieth of the last moneth all which were left to his Lordships disposall excepting one Company giuen to Captaine Thomas Dutton vpon his Lordships letters of speciall recommendation The same day his Lordship receiued from the Queene this following letter Elizabeth Regina RIght trusty and wellbeloued we greet you well The report which your letters by Dauers haue brought vs of the successe it hath pleased God to giue you against our Rebels and the Spaniards combined with them was receiued by vs with such contentment as so great happy an accident could affoord Wherefore although we as euer we haue done in all other happinesse which hath befallen vs ascribe the highest praise and thankes to his diuine Maiesty yet forasmuch as wee doe accompt that they who are the seruants of our State in like actions are made participant in a second degree of his fauour bestowed vpon vs by their vertue and industry wee cannot but hold them worthy of thankes from vs as they haue receiued honour from him Among whom you being there the chiefe not onely as chiefly put in trust by vs but as we plainely perceiue in vigilancy in labour and in valour in this late action wee could not forbeare to let you see how sensible we are of this your merit It is true that before this good successe vpon the Rebels wee were in daily attention to haue heard of some quicker attempt vpon the Towne then any was made both in respect that your owne Letters tended to such sence and especially because protraction of time brought with it apparant dangers as well of accesse of new supplies from our forraine enemies as of defection of a people so vnconstant of disposition and so rebellious to gouernement as those of that nation euer haue beene But wee that time hauing vnderstood by those iournals which were committed to S t Iohns and Dauers some reasons which haue moued you to the course you haue taken rather then to haue vsed speed in attempting seeing all assaults are accompanied with losse and euery losse in such a time multiplied in rumour and wholly conuerted by practice to the preiudice of the cause in question which is maintained now as things doe stand by the reputation of your army wee doe now conceiue that all your workes haue had their foundation vpon such reasons as you thought most aduantagious for our seruice It remaineth therefore now and so we desire it may be made knowne to our Army that haue serued vnder you in such manner as you shall thinke best to expresse it that as we doe know they haue indured many incommodities in this siege which wee would haue beene glad they could haue auoided hauing made so good proofe of their valour and loyalty as they haue done at this time so as we rather seeke to preserue them as the best treasure of a Prince then to suffer them to wast if otherwise our Kingdome could haue beene kept from danger of forraigne conquest and intestine rebellion so we expect it at the hands of the better sort of our seruitors there that it shall well be infused into the minds of the rest that whatsoeuer either our owne directions or expending of treasure could doe for preuention of those difficulties which follow all armies and are inseperable where the warre is made in a climate so il tempered for a winters siege hath beene royally and prouidently afforded them A matter of much more charge and vncertainty because all our care and direction haue attended the winds and weathers curtesie To conclude with answere to your demands for further supplies of men Although wee hope that the time is so neere of the finall conclusion of your happy successe against the remnant of the strangers in that poore Towne being pressed with so many wants and with the dispaire which our late victory will adde herevnto as that hardly any supplies sent from vs can come before it haue taken effect yet because you may perceiue how much wee attribute to your iudgement in any thing which for our affaires is there desired we haue as by our Counsell hath beene signified vnto you giuen order for foure thousand men to be sent thither out of hand with the full proportion of munition which you desire In which kind of prouisions we find so great consumptions as we must require you to take some better order with them that haue the distribution thereof For if it bee obserued what quantities haue beene daily sent ouer and yet what daily wants are pretended the expence will bee found insupportable and so much the rather because all men know that whatsoeuer the Irish Companies receiue except now in this action is continually conuerted for money to the vse of the Rebels Giuen vnder our Signet at our Pallace at White-Hall the 44 yeere of our Raigne the twelfth of Ianuary 1601. In the beginning of this Letter aboue the Queenes hand signed these following words were ouerwritten by the Queenes owne hand viz. Though for feare of worse end you did desire as we confesse we once thought to direct to end this worke before either Enemy or Rebell could increase the perill of our honour yet wee hope that no such aduenture shall bee more made but that their confusion bee ere now lighted on their owne heads And let Clanrickard and Thomond know that we doe most thankefully accept their endeauours For your selfe we can but acknowledge your diligence and dangerous aduenture and cherish and iudge of you as your carefull Soueraigne The twentieth of February twenty Spanish Captaines with 1374 common Souldiers being before imbarked at Kinsale in six English ships sailed for Spaine The seuen and twenty day the Lord Deputy and Counsell here wrote to the Lords in England this following letter MAy it please your Loedships since our last dispatch the fifteenth hereof 1400 of the Spaniards that
the iust reward of his foule demerits Notwithstanding we will not mislike to heare from you againe what you haue further discouered and guide our further resolution according to occasions Hereupon we haue thought good to returne this gentleman Sir Oliuer S. Iohns to you with thus much of our mind vpon your late letters and with such other matters as from our Counsell he may haue in charge to impart vnto you being one of whose good discretion and affection to our seruice we are very well perswaded to the end that vpon his arriuall by which time much will be seene of the euent of your late happy successe you may enter into some solid consideration of the forme of gouernement hereafter to be held of the proportions of our army to be continued and of all things that may be likely to settle that State in safety from forraigne attempts and in a better obedience to vs then heretofore When you haue debated and resolued what seemeth good to you there vppon all such points we can be then contented that you send backe this gentleman hether againe instructed therewith And because it will be also needfull for the furtherance of our resolutions here to haue good vnderstanding of the ciuill parts of that gouernement as well as of the martiall and that sute hath beene made vnto vs for Sir Robert Gardener our chiefe Iustice there to be licensed to come hither we shall like well that you send them both to the end that vpon their report of your conceipts there we may enter into more particular consideration of all things incident which vpon their arriuall wee shall be better able to doe Giuen vnder our Signet at our Pallace of West minster the eight day of February 1601. in the foure and fortieth yeere of our raigne The same day Sir Oliuer S. Iohns brought from the Lords in England this following letter to the Lord Deputy AFter our hearty commendations to your good Lordship we haue had in most of our late dispatches so little cause to fill our papers with any thing but with commendations of your Lordships wise proceedings and congratulations for her Maiesties happy successe vnder you as at this time if any other we intended not to mixe this acknowledgement of our extraordinary contentment for your late victory against the Spaniards with any other particular directions especially seeing the change you haue made in that Countrey by freeing the same from forraigne power howsoeuer infested still with an intestine rebellion must in all mens knowledge that are acquainted with the affaires of State haue brought so many changes as we can hardly tell what aduice or direction to offer of new vntill we may receiue from thence some further light of the present State of that Kingdome from you whose owne eye and iudgement is neerest and ablest to performe the same In which consideration seeing it hath pleased her Maiesty by her owne letters not onely to giue you notice of her royall and gracious acceptation of your so noble endeuours but to direct your Lordship also to send ouer hether Sir Robert Gardener and this gentleman Sir Oliuer S. Iohns with relation of all particulars fit for her knowledge we will in expectation hereof forbeare to enlarge our letter any further then with our best wishes to your Lordship of all perfect health and happinesse as those that will euer be found c. The same eight day Don Iean and the remaine of the Spaniards at Kinsale were all embarked ready to be gone The next morning the Lord Deputy left Corke and taking his iourney towards Dublyn arriued that night at Yoghall And because the stormy weather and contrary winds kept the Spaniards still in the Port at Kinsale his Lordship was forced to stay in that Towne some few daies from whence he wrote to Master Secretary into England vpon the twelfth of March aduertising him thereof And further giuing him notice that the other Spaniards which were at Beere-Hauen Castle-Hauen and Baltimore now were gone for Spaine That Don Iean had sent to Corke the pledges promised in the eight article of the agreement That fiue English Companies were lately arriued at Waterford And lastly praying to be excused to the rest of the Lords of her Maiesties Counsell that hee forbare to write vnto them till he came to Waterford where within few daies he hoped to meete the Earle of Ormond and some other of the Counsell and vpon conference with them to bee better able to satisfie their Lordships in some things concerning the present State of this Kingdome according to her Maiesties pleasure lately signified to him by her letters The pledges aboue mentioned were to lie for the safe returne of our ships wherein the Spaniards were embarked These pledges were principall Commanders and among them was one Captaine Moryson of whose bold seruice mention is made in the sally vpon the second of December This gentleman was inuited by the Lord Deputy to accompany him to Dublin the rest of his fellowes still remaining at Corke whether hee was to returne vnto them and they together to be shipped for Spaine vpon the safe returne of our ships In which iourney to Dublyn and during this Gentlemans aboad there I had familiar conference with him for names sake and vnderstood from him that his Family in Spaine was discended of an English Gentleman who followed the Emperour Charles the fifth in his warres and after by his bounty was seated in Spaine where at this day the chiefe of his name had good reuenues The Lord Deputy being come to Waterford did write together with the rest of the Counsell vpon the eighteenth of March this following letter to the Lords in England IT may please your Lordships The eighth hereof wee receiued by Sir Oliuer S. Iohns at Corke the dispatch which it pleased your Lordships to make by him and may not omit with all humble thankefulnesse to acknowledge the great comfort and contentment we haue taken in that it appeareth both thereby and by the relation of Sir Oliuer that her Maiesty and your Lordships haue most graciously and fauourably accepted and allowed our poore endeauours We are most carefull as you haue directed to send Sir Robert Gardener and him vnto your Lordships so soone as I the Deputy can get to Dublyn where Sir Robert Gardener now is and shall haue considered and debated with the Counsell there the businesse wherein your Lordships looke to be thorowly informed In the meane space because that will aske some time wee haue thought fit to acquaint your Lordships how things stand here since our last dispatch The Spaniards for certaine are all gone from Beere-Hauen Castle-Hauen Baltimore and that day that Sir Oliuer S. Iohns did arriue at Corke we heard that all the Spaniards at Kinsale and last of all Don Iean himselfe were shipped and in readinesse to set saile but since we heare that vntill Saturday the thirteenth hereof they could not get forth the Harbour and were
losse and as they esteeme it disgrace they become so many enemies to me many of them clamorous against me my proceedings And whereas by some of your L ps letters it pleased you to let me know that your sending many Captaines proceedeth from my recommending of many vnto you I do humbly assure your L ps that almost all which came ouer were strangers to me if the rest haue had letters from me I wrote them at their request onely to testifie that they had behaued thēselues no otherwise then honestly here which was the least I could afford them when I was forced to take away their Companies But if her Maiestie expect an abatement of her Lyst I beseech your L ps to consider my hard condition For if I discharge such as you send ouer I doe not onely become odious vnto them but offend many of your Lordships by whose fauour they obtained that charge And if I discharge such old Captaines as I found here and of whose sufficiency I haue since had continuall experience by their often aduenturing their bloud and liues I should not onely returne vnto her Maiestie importunate sutors armed with good iustice to craue reward but my selfe should incurre the same and more iust dislike of them and their friends But that which for her Maiesties seruice grieueth me most is that I should thereby disinable my selfe hereafter to doe her Maiestie that seruice which heretofore I haue done and next vnto God must attribute to their valour and sufficiency For touching the Irish by whose discharge I meane to make no small abatement I haue heretofore laboured by vnsensible degrees to deminish that charge and I will chuse a fit time fully to effect it the sudden doing whereof might cause rather an increase then decrease of her Maiesties charge We haue lately recommended some of the incorporate Townes here to your Lordships and may happily haue occasion to doe the like to draw them if it might bee to a more affectionate furtherance of the seruice at the least to hold them with some contentment though indeed they haue not affoarded vs that helpe that they both might and ought Yet our meaning was not thereby to presse your Lordships to any inlargement of their Franchises for which happily they will thereupon be sutors for we confesse truly to your Lordships that we think these Corporate Townes in generall haue already too great and too many priuiledges and immunities vnlesse they better knew or would more readily endeuour to deserue them which we thought meete at this time to giue your Lordships a taste of least they might otherwise make that vse of our letters that we intended not Further we desire that your Lordships will perswade her Maiestie to resolue presently to make Cittadels in the chiefest of these Townes without which we shal neuer bring them to performe their duties And so c. Don Iean whether with or without authoritie giuen him from Spaine I know not had often discoursed with the Lord Deputy during their abode together at Corke that it was no vnlikely or difficult worke to make Peace betweene England and Spaine yea he went so farre as to vrge the Lord Deputy to deale therein But his Lordship onely made answere that he knew her Maiestie to be graciously inclined to hold good amity with all Christian Princes yet as she was confident in her owne power so she was in all things iealous of her Honor and especially in that point wherein her Royall meaning had not bin intertained with the like by the State of Spaine whence we had receiued such ill measure in all our late treaties to that purpose as all men were discouraged to be any more made instruments therein Whereupon Don Iean sware vnto his Lordship that as he left the State of Spaine affected vpon his knowledge it was then a thing easie to effect and a thing much desired of them to haue firme Peace betweene England and Spaine And he further added that if vpon his arriuall in Spaine finding things to stand in the same condition he did at the returne of our ships thence giue his Lordship any inckling thereof then vpon his reputation his Lordship dealing with the State of England in that matter should loose no honour thereby The Lord Deputie hitherto had done no more then answere Don Ieans proposition in ciuill tearmes wherein hee had spoken no more then any priuate man might lawfully haue done if he had licence to confer with him yet lest he might be thought to haue exceeded his Commission in this nice discourse and hauing good reasons to imagine that as God many times doth worke by vnlikely yea by contrary meanes so hee and Don Iean out of then Commission to make warre one vpon the other might proue Commissioners for making a Peace his Lordship aduertised thus much to Master Secretary in England praying to haue further warrant and instructions if it were thought fit hee should further proceede therein But by Don Ieans silence from Spaine this ouerture passed as a dreame and tooke no effect as long as the Queene liued The foure and twentieth day of March being the last day after the English writing of the yeere 1601 the Lord Deputie and Counsell being at Kilkenny and intertained by the Earle of Ormond in his house wrote this following letter to the Lords in England IT may please your Lordships hauing certaine intelligence since our comming to this place that Don Iean with all the rest of the Spaniards departed from Kinsale on Tuesday the 16 hereof and that the wind since that time hath serued them so well as we assure our selues by this they are neere the Coast of Spaine wee thought fit hereby to giue your Lordships notice therof that you may know we are free now of them all Since our being here there hath been brought in a notorious rebell one William Mac Hubbard lately taken in Vpperossery who of late hath done great spoiles and murders in these parts more then any other so as we haue caused him to bee executed in this Towne to the great terror of many About the same time that he was executed a sonne of Garret Mac Mortaghes named Moris Mac Garret died of a hurt lately giuen him in fight who was a most dangerous young man like to trouble all the Countrie The death of these two Rebels as also of a notorious Rebell by birth of Mounster lately slaine called Dermot Mac Awlye who was an inward man and a great practising instrument with Tyrone will greatly quiet all these parts and your Lordships can hardly thinke what a great change wee finde already by their so happy and timely cutting off And as for Sir Fynneen O Dryscoll O Donneuan and the two sonnes of Sir Owen Mac Carty they and their followers since their comming in are growne very odious to the rebels of those parts and are so well diuided in factions among themselues as they are failen to preying and killing one
150. Captaine Sackfeild 100. Captaine Norton 100. Captaine Billings 150. Captaine Phillips 150. Foote 850. Horse at Carickfergus Sir Arthur Chichester Gouernour 25. Captaine Iohn Iephson 100. Horse 125. Foote in Lecale Sir Richard Moryson vnder his Lieutenant 150 himselfe commanding a Regiment in the Armie The Lord Deputies Army in the field for this Summers seruice Horse The Lord Deputie 100. Sir William Godolphin 50. Sir Garret Moore 50. Sir Richard Greame 50. Sir Samuel Bagnol 50. Sir Henrie Dauers 100. Master Marshall 30. Sir Christopher S. Laurence 25. Sir Francis Rush 12. Captaine Fleming 25. Captaine George Greame 14. Horse in the Army 506. Foote Lord Deputies Guard 200. Sir Iohn Barkeley 200. Sir Beniamin Berry 150. Sir Henry Folliot 150. Sir William Fortescue 150. Sir Iames Peirse 150. Sir Garret Moore 〈◊〉 Sir Christopher S. Laurence 150. Sir Edward Fitz Garret 100. Sir Tibbot Dillon 100. Master Marshall 150. Capt. Iosias Bodley 150. Capt. Toby Gawfeild 150. Captaine Richard Hansard 100. Capt. Edward Blany 150. Capt. Fran. Roe 150 Capt. Ralph Counstable 100. Capt. Fisher 100. Captaine Iohn Roberts 100. Capt. George Blount 150. Captaine Iames Blount 100. Captaine Hensto for pioners 200. Captaine Masterson 150. Captaine Henrie Barkley 150. Captaine Morrys 100. Captaine Anthony Earsfeild 100. Captaine Treuer 100. Foote in the Army 3650. Totall of horse by the List 1487. Foote by the List 16950. The forces being thus disposed for the Summers seruice and the Lord Deputie hauing recouered his health his first care was to obey her Maiesties directions in dispatching for England Sir Robert Gardener and Sir Oliuer S. Iohns with a relation of the present state of this Kingdome By them besides instructions of the present state his Lordship sent this following letter to the Lords in England dated the fifth of May 1602. MAy it please your Lordships although you haue good reason to guesse at the difficulties of the warre of Ireland both by the long continuance and the exceeding charge thereof before my time vnder which the rebels strength did euer grow as by the slow progresse though still to the better that it hath made I must confesse vnder my gouernement yet since I doe conceiue that none but we that are personall actors therein especially in these times wherein the fashion and force of this people is so much altered from that it was wont to bee can thorowly apprehend with how many impediments crosses and oppositions we vndertake and proceede in all things I humbly desire your Lordships to giue mee leaue for your satisfaction and the discharge of my duty to open vnto you some of the causes which I doe better feele then I can expresse that haue hindred so speedy a conclusion of this warre as her Maiesty out of her great prouidence and large proportion of expence might happily expect At my first arriuall I found the rebels more in number then at any time they had bin since the conquest and those so farre from being naked people as before times that they were generally better armed then we knew better the vse of their weapons then our men and euen exceeded vs in that discipline which was fittest for the aduantage of the naturall strength of the Country for that they being very many and expert shot and excelling in footmanship all other Nations did by that meanes make better vse of those strengths both for offence and defence then could haue bin made of any squadrons of pikes or artificiall fortisications of Townes In regard whereof I presumed that mans wit could hardly find out any other course to ouercome them but by famine which was to be wrought by seueral Garrisons planted in fit places altered vpon good occasions These plantations could not be made but by Armies which must first settle them and after remoue them as the strength of the enemy required the time for those plantations not only of most conueniency but almost of necessity was to be in the Summe and that for many eminent reasons but especially in that meanes might bee prouided for horse to liue in the winter without which those Garrisons would proue of little effect Now I beseech your Lordships to remember that I receiued this charge the eight and twentieth of February in the yeere 1599 at which time I found the rebels in number and Armes as I haue said growne to the very height of pride and confidence by a continued line of their successe and our misfortunes of the subiects the worst assisting them openly and almost the best leaning to their fortune out of a despaire of ours the Army discouraged in themselues and beleeue mee my Lords for you will hardly beleeue much contemned by the Rebels None of our Garrisons had stirred abroad but they returned beaten the enemie being so farre Master of the field that Tyrone had measured the whole length of Ireland and was comming backe vnfought with And with mee they began the warre at the very suburbs of Dublin At that time the choice of the whole Army and euen of euerie Company that was left behind was drawne into Mounster by the Earle of Ormond how beit I being desirous to loose no time nor opportunitie presently gathered together that poore remnant being the refuse of the rest with a purpose to haue fought with the Traitor in his returne betweene Fercale and the Ennye but hee hastening his iournies vpon some intelligence of my designe and I being the longer staied by the difference of the Councels opinion from mine intent it fell out that I came too late to trie that faire fortune with him The rest of the Spring I was enforced to attend the drawing of diuers Captaines and Companies from remote and diuided Garrisons that were to be imploied for Loughfoyle and Ballishannon for by your Lordships appointment I was to send one thousand other souldiers from these parts and to cast three thousand more in consideration of so many sent thither out of England and to reduce the List from sixteene thousand to fourteene thousand which at that time was a proportion too little to vndertake the warre with all I was further to victuall the Forts of Leax and Ophalye in those times accounted great and dangerous seruices And about the fifth of May 1600 I drew towards the North chiefely to diuert Tyrone and his Northerne forces from giuing opposition to the Plantation at Loughfoyle but withall purposing if I found meanes for victuals and carriages to haue left a Garrison at Armagh The first I did thorowly effect for I gaue way to those of Loughfoyle to land and settle quietly drew Tyrone with his chiefe forces vpon my selfe and in all the fights I had with him made him know that his fortune began to turne and brake those bounds of his circuit whence hee was wont to affront our greatest Armies for in that which was last before this called a Northerne iourney when the Army consisted almost of double numbers of Horse and Foote they were by the Traytor
I hope your Lordships shall daily heare of more the whole forces being returned What course we haue thought on for this next Summer I will not trouble your Lordships with the repetition thereof being set downe and deliuered to Sir Oliuer S. Iohns Onely this I beseech your Lordships to giue me leaue to remember you of out of a publike durie how much soeuer it may seeme to taste of my priuate ends that you continually enioyne me and I as much endeuour to decrease the List yet you still send ouer new Captaines and command me to bestow Companies on such as giue them vp in England to others recommended by them vnto whome to deale plainely most of them doe sell them And euen of late I haue receiued your Lordships letters for the increase of some particular mens Companies When I cast the Captaines which your Lordships send ouer I procure their hate and many of your Lordships displeasures besides their owne friends that fauour them If I doe not increase such as you commend I doe incurre the like If I cast those Companies and Captaines that in so many trials I doe know to bee best able to doe her Maiestie seruice heere I shall dispaire or at least bee diffident hereafter of doing any good and yet haue they most reason to condemne me of iniustice and to importune your Lordships to be otherwise relieued that haue spent most of them their Mouds and all of them their continuall labours euen in mine aie for the recouerie and defending of this Kingdome I humbly desire your Lordships since heretofore it was my fortune to be hated of few that you will preserue mee from becomming odious by doing that which is fittest for the seruice For I haue alreadie tasted of their spleene whom God knoweth against my will I haue been forced to cashere though I haue delt more fauourably with some of them whom being loth to harme I haue rather commended when my onely fault was that I did not punish them And since I hope God will so blesse our worke that ere it bee long wee shall much diminish the number of our labourers if in that great cashering there be not meanes to preserue the best Captaines I would bee loth to bee the man that should vndertake the conclusion of the warre And now I doe humbly desire your Lordships to pardon mee if out of my great care to satisfie you in all things I haue troubled you with so long and I feare mee so vnworthy a letter of your Lordships reading c. Instructions being giuen to Sir Robert Gardiner and Sir Oliner Saint Iohns whereby they might satisfie her Maiestie in all points touching the present state of her affaires in this Kingdome The Lord Deputie with some Commanders diuers voluntarie Gentlemen and his seruants attending him rode to Dundalke And whilest hee there attended the comming vp of the forces and the arriuing of victuals with other necessaries that might enable him to take the field his Lordship on the thirtieth of May receiued from her Maiestie this letter following Elizabeth Regina RIght trusty and welbeloued Wee greet you well Whereas the paiment of our Army in that Kingdome hath been of late yeeres made partly in money by certaine weekely lendings and partly in apparrell which course of paiment was instituted vpon good considerations to preuent the fraud which diuers Captaines of euill disposition did exercise vpon their Companies Notwithstanding we haue 〈◊〉 by your letters and by the reports of some persons who haue had credence from you to deliuer the same to our Counsell here that such manner of paiment hath not wrought that effect which was expected in causing our Companies to bee kept fuller and yet is by reason of the late alteration of the standard of our monies there more chargeable to Vs then the paiment in readie moneys would bee We haue therefore thought good to cease that manner of payment from henceforth and to reuiue the old manner of payment in money after the rate of eight pence by the day of the new standard to each souldier which course Our pleasure is shall begin to take place from the first day of this moneth of Aprill and to be continued by your Warrants to Our Treasurer directed and shall be made from time to time by way of imprests to each Captaine for himselfe and his Companie at your disaretion according to the state of their Companies or to the necessitie of Our seruice vntill the dayes of full paies which Wee are pleased shall bee made twise in euerie yeere viz. at the Feasts of Saint Michael the Arch-Angell and the Annuntiation of the Virgin Marie At which times Our pleasure is that all our Armie shall be fully and clearely paid of their whole wages all defalcations due vpon them being formerly deducted And for that purpose Wee will prouide that against that time there shall bee in Our Treasurers hands money sufficient to make full paids And whereas by your latter letters written since our Conncell signified vnto you that Wee were pleased to restore this kinde of pay you doe require that for the establishing thereof with contentment of our Army two things may bee 〈◊〉 obserued The one that Our Treasurer may haue money in his hands sufficient from time to time for performance of this payment The other that the Exchange bee duely maintained on this side without which you alleadge that there will arise inconueniencies intollerable to the army we are pleased for your satisfaction herein to assure you that in both these I oints wee will take such order that neither our Treasurer there shall want monies of the new standard for payments necessary in that Realme nor the bankes here sterling monies to make good the exchange according as it is established by our Proclamations Although in this point we cannot omit to let you know that we see no cause or such vehemeni complaints as your letters doe import of default in the exchange for that vppon examination we doe find that of three or foure and fifty thousand pounds returned in this last yeere there is not vnpaied at this present aboue sixe thousand pounds which considering our excessiue charges in that yeere ought not to giue to any much cause of offence These two points like as we are pleased to obserue in such manner as we haue written to the end that thereby our Army and subiects may perceiue how great our care is that they should receiue contentment in things due vnto them So on the otherside for that a straight obseruation of the same on our part without a good correspondency of yours and theirs to remedy some inconueniencies which thereby may be cast vpon vs may proue very burthen some to vs wee are to admonish you of the obseruation of two other points necessary on your part and theirs to be obserued The first is that whereas heretofore when this manner of paiment in money onely which now is receiued was in vse through
Army Gouernour of the same for the present seruice which being done the command of the Fort was left to Captaine Francis Roe Likewise for the present seruice Sir Arthur Chichester commanded in chiefe the forces to be left there which he might draw out vpon all occasions of seruice as out of all other garrisons in those parts towards Carickfergus While his Lordship encamped here vpon Loughsidney hee receiued the eighth of Iuly letters from her Maiesty signifying by her owne hand that shee was glad of his recouery of that sickenesse which did surprize him after his many cares and labours both of body and mind in the siege of Kinsale commending much his prouidence that notwithstanding his owne state of body he did set on foot such preparations for the summers prosecution as nothing should be wanting when the time should serue That how soeuer her sensible feeling of her subiects burthens caused her daily to call vpon him and all other Ministers for the speedy and carefull easing thereof yet hee should wrong both her and himselfe in beleeuing that thereby any errours were imputed to himselfe whose endeauours in that Kingdome had much improued her opinion of him and should rather conceiue that thereby shee would giue him more occasion to call all others to a seuere accompt who in places vnder him neglected her seruice and for priuate gaine sought to prolong the warre all other iudgement of her valuation of his seruices making him guilty of his owne griefe and being farre from her disposition towards him That since this Summer hee meant to lay the Axe to the roote of the tree by prosecuting the Arch-traitor who had nothing to beare him vp but false rumours of Spanlsh aides This Summer if euer any was the time to end the warre since by supplies sent to the States shee had stopped the currant of the Spaniards progresse in the siege of Ostend and had also set a chargeable Fleet to Sea to attend vpon the Coast of Spaine and preuent the arriuall of any his forces in Ireland That the reducing the Arch-traitor by her Sword being the onely agreeable satisfaction shee could receiue for the mischiefes fallen vpon her louing subiects by his iniquities shee conceiued the most ready meanes for effecting the same was to draw from him the chiefe Captaines of Countries To which purpose her pleasure was that the Lord Deputy should receiue to her mercy such of them as truely and humby sought it wherein without prescribing him any particular course who best knew all circumstances onely shee gaue this caution to prouide against former mischiefes that whereas commonly the Rebels fearing to be spoiled were wont to contract vnder-hand with the Arch-traitor to submit themselues thereby for the present to saue their Countrie and to giue succours to the Rebels Creaghts vnder hand and after the returne of the Army to reuolt againe now hee should consider the inward motiues of their crauing mercy and where hee could not ruine them without spending more time and charge then the maine action would permit there to deale with them in a more easie manner otherwise to giue more sharpe impositions in the conditions of their submissions and by wasting their goods to make their obedience more durable That shee iudged one condition necessarie not to pardon any but vpon seruice done not onely vpon those whom particularly they hated but vpon any other as they should bee directed That as an argument of her confidence in him she gaue him power of warre and peace onely one thing she professed to see no cause to leaue vnexempted namely the pardoning of the Arch Traitor a Monster of ingratitude to her and the roote of miserie to her people thinking all other mercy then the proscription of him to all manner of prosecution meerely incompatible with her iustice and therfore commanding not to receiue him vpon any conditions but vpon simple submission to mercy for al things life only excepted to make this her pleasure known to all his complices perswaded by him that hee may bee pardoned at his pleasure so fearing to leaue him least after they should bee left to his superioritie reuenge Concerning fortifications against forraigne inuasion her Maiesty gaue allowance to repaire the Fort at Waterferd and to build Forts in the Harbours of Corke and Kinstle and to build a Fort at Galloway and at Carlingford but this last was not effected his Lordship lesse fearing the discent of forraine forces within Saint Georges Channel and further to build such small fortifications as hee the Lord Deputy should thinke meere aswell for the present planting of Garrisons in Tyrone as otherwhere imploying therein Captaine Bodley or Captaine Hansard being with the Army or Paul Yuye being in Mounster or any whom his Lordship knew fit to ouersee and contriue these works Concerning Neale Garue who held part of Odonnels Country as yet by a custodium her Maiestie gaue warrant to passe the same to him by letters Patents yet in reguard of his tickle disposition to make such restrictions therein as hee the Lord Deputy and the Counsell here should thinke meete and to pretend the same to bee done by her Maiesties speciall direction The Lord of Deluin vpon succours giuen to the Rebels and conferences had with Tyrone at his comming out of the North into Mounster in the doubtfull time of the siege of Kinsale had since been imprisoned in the Castle of Dublin and now her Maiesties pleasure was that hee should bee called to his triall before some of the Counsell tho it came to no effect he dying in prison before the time prefixed for his calling to answer there being matter enough to charge him with vnderhand fauouring the rebels howsoeuer peraduenture there would be found no plaine matter to question him for his life wherein her Maiestie professed no Prince on earth lesse allowed any proceeding where the proofes were not more cleare then day light and so her Maiestie howsoeuer being disposed to forbeare seuerity yet resoluing to vse correction of so ill an instrument The same eight day of Iuly the Lord Deputie receiued letters from the Lords in England wherein after congratulating his Lordships recouery as one to whom both in respect of her Maiesties seruice wherein almighty God had extraordinarily blessed him and for their own particular affection they wished both health and honor Their Lordships at large signified that the grounds of the Summer seruice were so well laied as no man coul disallow them That supplies of men were sent and those without Captaines That for the victuals required her Maiestie thought it an vnsupportable charge to prouide one yeeres victual for fourteene thoulsand men yet they had so reconciled the demaund and the prouision as the demaund being for one yeere and the whole numbers by pole the prouision was answerable to the numbers but not for the whole time experience teaching that the defects in the numbers would supply the abridgement in the time besides the
way to doe your Lordship good is to increase your merit and that cannot be done without increasing your meanes For the supplies of meanes therefore to prosecute I labour as far as I haue credit to procure you them For the way to make an end by peace I think no man seekes more then my selfe to inable you by perswading her Maiesty to giue you that power wherein when lack of arguments happens to worke her Maiesties mind which in her Princely indignation against that Arch traytor is full of obstruction I doe fall to the binding argument which of all things most concludeth and that is this That in short time the sword cannot end the warre and long time the State of England can not wel indure it What in the first is granted I leaue to the things themselues But for the second kind I confesse that in Tirones case you haue nothing that can produce good effect except there be more morter sent you to fasten the foundation which is yet to bee laid vpon drie stone For although I know that by this warrant you may safely giue care and can cause him to be delt with yet that which you can doe for him by this way will bee by him contemned In which respect as I know your Lordship hath wisdome enough to conceale the latitude of your Commission so beleeue me out of my iudgement that if the Queene may once perceiue that it is only in her that he comes not to reasonable conditions and if shee were sure that shee should not be scorned by offering that which he would not accept then such is her Princely iudgement and such are the minds of vs all that are sworne to giue her Maiestie true Counsell as I doubt not but by our humble importunitie vpon your aduertisements what you find would bee accepted her Maiestie would bee readily induced to doe that which is so much for her Maiesties seruice being a matter which if my prayers to God could haue otherwise brought to paste in her mind at this time I know full well how much it had bin more aduantagious then to haue it sent after occasion and fittest opportunitie And so much my Lord for my Comment vpon the text of her Maiesties owne letter For your returne therefore I remaine as I was that it could bee of no other consequence to her Maiestie then for the greatest good of her seruice and to your selfe infinite comfort and honour Of which it is superfluous to speake till time giue mee more light and giue you more opportunitie in this present action to send mee more grounds Then will I not faile to speak like an honest man that will neither halt nor practise with you In confidence whereof worthy Lord beleeue me that I can be to any subiect liuing I will bee to you in which I must confesse I am more fixed because I see your moderation which all that follow you there haue not and therefore in all great things beleeue mee by my selfe as I will doe you For if you had not the facultie of distinction of euery ones humour that together with their generall and honest affections to you haue also as most flesh and bloud hath their owne priuate ends in which they are not euer so iuditious as to consider whether all that is good for them be good simul semper for you I should bee often iealous that they would shew mee to you in many colours of opennesse or priuacy as their appetite serues more or lesse Of our French newes I haue intreated Sir Oliuer Saint Iohn to bee my Referendary being of opinion that Byrone and Auuergne are both executed by this time though I know it not Their practise doubtlesse was to haue ioyned with Spaine by Sanoy for some greatnesse not fit for subiects but whether so sarre as to execute any thing against the Kings person as adfaciendum pepulum it is diuulged I cannot confidently speake as yet because mee thinkes his owne creature could not bee such a monster in that kind For Spaine I must still say that I conclude they will assaile Ireland againe and that they would haue beene there ere this time but for her Maiesties Fleete which shee hath now returned to tarrie out till October To say where they will land were a strange speculation but I doe assure you for my owne part that I cannot bee diuerted from my opinion that they will againe come into Mounster I send you not the newes of Sir Richard Leuisons taking of the Carricke at Lisbone because it came but to day by France but surely I hope it is true and the Flemmings haue surely taken one God send you all happinesse and long life to doe her Maiestie seruice of whom I aske no more requitall then that if you out-liue me you remember that Will Cecyll was sonne to a father and mother that loued you The chiefe cause why the Queene is so peremptory towards the Traitor is that she hath heard that after Blount went to him he bragged that he was wooed Now I know not how true that was but Sir Robert Gardner seemed to thinke that the Traitor in that point was belied Sir Oliuer S. Iohn is very discreete and worthy your extraordinary fauours he knowes well what is fit for euery man Your affectionate friend to doe you seruice Ro. Cecyll After the building of Mountioy Fort the Lord Deputy purposed to follow Tyrone through his greatest Fastnesse till he should vtterly ruine him or driue him that way to the Sea but by reason this degree of prosecution required long time and already the victuals were wasted which his Lordship could with any conueniency bring with him and because the further the Traitor should be followed his Lordship should bee the further from any meanes to relieue his Forces he was inforced to alter his resolution and imbrace the following course of it selfe as good as the former First he dismissed Sir Henry Dockwra to gather and prouide for some good numbers of men at the Omy and to prepare within twenty daies to draw as farre as Dungeuen in Ocanes countrie sufficiently inabled with meanes to prosecute and fall vpon Tyrone that way Secondly his L P gaue order to Sir Arthur Chichester to doe the like by Toome And lastly he himselfe purposed to returne within 20 daies limited to make the warre vpon Tirone by the way of Killetro lying next vpon the border of Tyrones Countrie In the meane time on all sides they put vp as much victuals as they could to such places as were most fit for the subsisting of these seuerall forces during this prosecution His L P was confident that the Garrison of the Omy vnder Sir Henrie Dockwra and the Garrison of Mountioy vpon Loughsidney where were left 850 foot and 100 horse vnder Sir Arthur Chichesters command would restraine Tirone from the Plaines into the Fastnesses where now he was for the twenty daies aboue limited In the meane time his Lordship with the Army
fearefull to come to you and therefore desires my license to go for England which I haue now sent him with this purpose to giue him contentment as much as may bee and yet when he comes to mee I meane to schoole him and so I hope to hold him in good termes for so at this time especially it doth behoue vs to bring our great worke to the better conclusion I make no question but that both he and O Connor Sligo and the rest of them doe all somewhat iuggle and play on both hands to serue their owne turnes and therefore truly deserue the lesse fauour for they so doe here for the most part and yet I winke at it But since it behoneth vs so greatly to draw the warre to an end to ease her Maiestie of that exceeding charge and consumption of men and Armes which her Maiestie and the State of England are growne verie wearie of and indeed vnwilling to continue much longer Wee that are here imployed as chiefe instruments to effect what so earnestly is desired must beare more for our Countries good then our owne natures can well endure and therefore let mee aduise you with much earnestnesse to apply your selfe vnto it as the onely and sole meanes to make our doings acceptable in England where we must be censured and by your next let me know certainly I pray you whether you haue done any thing already for the intituling of her Maiesty to any of their lands in that Prouince or whether you haue any way attempted it or giuen them cause to suspect it I shall be well satisfied with your answere presuming that you will doe it sincerely yet if any such thing be I pray you proceed no further in it but labour by all meanes to winne them both because I know it to be her Maiesties pleasure and that the multitude of Subiects is the glory of a Prince and so euery way it is fittest to reclaime rather then destroy them if by any good meanes it might be wrought O Connor Slige as you know was restrained of his liberty by the Rebels and that I thinke vpon a letter I sent vnto him so that hee hath a iust pretence for his standing out so long and for any action into which he shall enter neither shall we be able to disproue his allegations though perhaps himselfe be not innocent neither at the beginning nor now You must therefore be content to thinke that what he doth is by compulsion though indeed you doe not thinke so for some reasons apparant to your selfe Your stone worke at Galloway about the Bulworkes will I feare proue chargable and very long yet can I doe no more then recommend it to your good husbandry and discretion who may best iudge what is fittest Tyrone is not yet gone ouer the Earne but lies betweene that and Ruske where I haue planted a garrison and another at the Agher hard by the Clogher which lie both very fitly to doe seruice vpon him To the former all the Garrisons neere the Blackewater and that at Mountioy and Monaghan may fitly draw vpon all occasions and so I haue lefe order with Sir Arthur Chichester who hath the chiefe care of all And to the latter and to Omy which is but twelue miles from it Sir Henry Dockwra hath promised me to put vp most of the Forces of Loughfoyle and to lie there about himselfe To Eniskillin or there about Sir Henry Follyot hath direction to draw his whole Force leauing a Ward onely at Ballishannon and Beleeke which is already done but hee hath not his boates yet from you which is a great hinderance vnto him and therefore I pray you send them with all speed possible if they be not gone already Touching your motion for Master Atturney I now returne to Dublyn where if he cause it to be moued at the Table I will with the rest yeeld to any thing that is fit In the meane time you may vse the chiefe Iustice in those businesses who hath allowance for his diet and is of great experience and continuance in that Prouinee so as thereby hee may best know euery mans disposition I pray you let me heare stom you againe with as much speed as you can touching the state of that Prouince vnder your gouernement And so hoping for all these late bruites that we shall not this yeere be troubled by the Spaniards or if we be that their number shall be small for so Master Secretary hath confidently written to me out of England I commend me right heartily to you From the Newry this twelfth of September 1602. The Lord Deputy being arriued at Dublyn and this Summers seruice ended since the composing of the Irish troubles was henceforward to bee wrought by the garrisons planted in all parts vpon the Rebels and the setling of the State to be managed by Counsellors Sir Henry Dauers Serieant Maior of the Armie was the rather induced by the necessity of his priuate affaires to discontinue his seruice in Ireland Whereupon his place of Serieant Maior being void was conferred vpon Sir Arthur Chichester And because Sir Richard Moryson had a pretence to the place by former hopes giuen him from the Lord Deputy his Lordship to giue him contentment raised his Company of foote reduced lately in a generall cash to 150 to the former number of two hundred The seuen and twenty of September the Lord Deputy at Dublyn teceiued from the Lords in England this following letter directed to his Lordship and the Counsell of Ireland AFter our hearty commendations to your good Lordship and the rest of the Counsell there Whereas your Lordship in your late letters of the twenty nine of the last Iuly doth aduertise vs of a great abuse crept in amongst the Ministers of the victuals in that Realme namely that you cannot know from any of them when the victuals arriue in any Port nor whether it be of an old contract or a new nor whether it be for her Maiesty or themselues and by that meanes you can neuer find how you are prouided for nor what you may further expect and which is worse that the Rebels doe get of the best victuals that are sent thither and you cannot call the Victualer to acount thereof because he affirmes stifly that he is warranted by vs to sell it for his benefit and so as he sell it to the subiect how ill soeuer affected it is no fault of his if the Rebels afterwards get it Vpon this information from your Lordship we haue not onely called all the Victualers to account how this great abuse is committed but haue perused our former order taken this time 2 yeers when we contracted with them to appoint commissaries there for the keeping issuing of victuals by whose default being their Ministers it should seeme these lewd parts are plaied Therefore for your Lordships satisfaction in the first point the answer of Tolles and Cockain will suffice who doe absolutely affirme that they sent
vpon him shall be abused and peruerted to supply the need of the Rebels and the Souldier the worse serued we thinke this matter worthy of strict examination and as seuere punishment as may be inflicted vpon offenders in so high a degree which we earnestly require may be done and that in all these and like cases your Lordship will consider that we of her Maiesties Counsell here that are absent from thence doe proceed generally in these matters as reason doth direct vs and as we receiue light from you and the Counsell there but your Lordship that doth know the state of the Kingdome and see the particular course and disposition of things there and what is fit and not fit may easily reforme those inconueniences and abuses that happen and are committed and informe vs of those particulars that are not within our knowledge that these matters may be carried with more perfect order and rule for the good of the Souldier whose wellfare is onely intended and sought herein to her Maiesties excessiue charge and our great trouble This is another great abuse and though it be not pertaining to this matter yet by reason of late we haue discouered the same to be very common we haue thought good to informe your Lordship therof and earnestly to pray you and the rest of the Counsell to giue strict order it may be auoided The matter is this wee find by diuers examinations taken that it is a common practice that if any Seruing-man Countrey-fellow or labouring-man happen to be maimed or grieuously hurt by any mischance or disorder if he be in any of the Countries neere to the Sea-side or any Port where shipping doth goe for Ireland hee will find passage there and follow the Army in some Company or other and doe such seruices as he is able and when he hath gotten some knowledge of the Countrey and of the Captaines and chiefe Officers then he procureth a pasport from some Captaine or other or else he getteth his name to be inserted in some generall pasport as a man by reason of hurts receiued vnfit for seruice and so vpon his comming ouer hither againe hee is recommended into the Countrey for a Pension by which meanes the Countries are burthened with this kind of men and the poore Souldier that is indeed maimed in the warres is disapointed and hindered of that pension he ought to haue This is to be reformed by two meanes First that order be taken no maimed men that haue receiued their hurts in seruice be sent away in a generall passe because the Statute doth require a particular certificat from their Generall certifying the hurts and maimes the Souldier hath receiued Next the remedy is that no such pasports be giuen but by subscription of your Lordship the prouinciall Gouernours or chiefe Colonels vnder whom he doth serue expressing the hurts and maimes the Souldier hath receiued and in what seruice and vnder what Captaine and the office and place he held in that Company This by generall direction being obserued will auoid the number of counterfet Souldiers and giue due way to the reliefe of the maimed Souldier who indeed without such particular certificat ought not by the Statute to be releeued and the want thereof hath beene great hinderance to many poore men Therefore nothing doubting but your Lordship will take order herein accordingly we bid your Lordship heartily farewell From the Court at Oatelands the 29 of August 1602. The eighth of October the Lord Deputy wrote to the Lord President of Mounster that howsoeuer by reason of Carmacke escape he could not for the present spare the horse and the foote which were with him aboue the Mounster Lyst vnder the command of Sir Samuel Bagnoll yet hee would not faile to send fiftie horse presently into Connaght whether hee purposed shortly to take his iourney being now busie about preparation for the same And further his Lordship prayed him to send a good proportion of victuals from the store in Limricke by water to Athlone without which the Forces could not be kept together in that Prouince and accordingly his Lordship gaue order that boats should be sent from Athlone to Limrick to fetch the same And wheras his Lordship had written to the Sheriffes in Mounster to leauy certaine beeues for the Army he prayed the Lord President to giue them assistance for taking them vp and sending them into Connaght with all conuenient speede The fifteenth of October the Lord Deputy was aduertised from the Lord President that Carmock Mac Dermott lately escaped had made sute to him to be reconciled to the State and that vpon his answer that if he would iustifie himselfe to be innocent he should haue a iust triall or if he would confesse his faults then he would be a suter to the L. Deputie for his pardon hee the said Carmock had made choise to sue for pardon rather then to stand to his triall And that in the meane time all the Castles in his Country were possessed for her Maiesty his followers disposed vnder other Lords vpon good assurance beside the faction which was nourished against him among his neerest Kinsmen which things made him vnable to doe any hurt so as if his Lordship had any occasion to imploy in Connaght the forces which were in Mounster aboue the List of the Prouince his Lordship might dispose of them at his pleasure Further the Lord President aduertised that he vnderstood by one Iames Blacke lately come out of Spaine that O Donnell was dead there and that this newes was most certaine The twentieth of October the Lord Deputy dispatched Captaine Blany from Dublin with Commission to gouerne the Garrisons of Ruske and Monaghan recalling Sir Christopher S. Laurence and Captaine Esmond from that command to repaire to Lublin that his L p might heare and compose the differences risen betweene them He had further order to leaue Captaine Atherton to gouerne the Fort of Mount Norreys wherof he had formerly the command likewise to put vp good store of victuals from the Newry to those Garrisons and to deliuer letters to Sir Arthur Chichester with whom he was to concur in the intended seruices for those parts He was directed to know from Mac Mahown his resolute answere whether he would submit himselfe vpon the conditions sent vnto him and if he refused them then to giue him no further time of protection but to prosecute him presently by all meanes To giue O Gonnor Roe Mac Gayre his best assistance to establish him in his Countrie and for the other Mac Guyre in rebellion not to accept any submission from him except he vndertake some extraordinarie good seruice because he had lately abused the sauour offered him by Sir Henrie Folliot Gouernour of Ballishannon Lastly whereas some of Tyrones Captaines offered to come from him to serue the Queene he was directed to intertaine those offers and either to draw them from him or to make any vse of those offers and treating with them
doe most earnestly implore her mercy and pardon for my selfe and such of my followers as with me haue been seduced to this wicked Rebellion Further I do renounce all and any manner of obedience vnto any other Power or Potentate which I ow only to my said dread Soueraigne Elizabeth and vtterly abiure any dependancy and adherence to any of her enemies whatsoeuer or disloyall subiects and doe promise sweare and vow from henceforth to liue in her subiection in al dutie and obedience and to vse my best endeuours to the vttermost of my power to withstand and confound any enemy either forraigne or domesticall that shall attempt any thing against the sacred person or estate of her Maiestie or to the hurt of her faithfull and obedient subiects and especially and namely I doe renounce as before and promise my endeuours as aforesaid against the King of Spaine and the Arch-Traytor the Earle of Tyrone All this as I do vpon my saluation sweare to performe sincerely so if I doe herein breake my oth I doe acknowledge my selfe not onely to be worthy of all infamy and extreme punishment but to be euer after accounted vnworthy the name of a Christian or the society of men to the which as I haue vnfainedly sworne so I do now in witnesse hereof set to my hand In Christmas holidayes his Lordship viewed the Towne of Galloway and iudging it a place of great importance to be preserued from being possessed by any forraine enemie he gaue present direction to finish that Fort the building whereof was alreadie begun in a place well chosen both to command the Hauen and to defend the Towne from forraigne inuasion During his Lordships abode in Galloway he receiued this following letter from the Lords in England AFter our right hearty commendations to your good Lordship her Maiestie hath heard of your whole letter brought by Sir Henrie Dauers bearing date the tenth of Nouember in answere to one of her Maiesties of the ninth of October wherein you doe preuent in some things such directions as were digested into a dispatch ready to be signed and sent you as namely in the matter of exchange for one point and so of some others wherein her Maiestie hauing heard the Apologie of you the Treasurer being as she is euer readie to interpret gratiously those actions which are well meant though they succeed not alwaies as is wished though she had giuen vs charge to write much more particularly in that matter yet now hath been pleased to command vs only to let you know Master Treasurer that although you shal neuer need to excuse your integrity because she neuer doubted it yet she can not free you and your Ministers from such ouersights as haue encreased the burthen of this Exchange For though one part of your answer is that new things must be settled with plausible circūstances at the entrie yet these are her own words that you should not haue thought it new long agoe to haue stopped that current when you saw it carried so much contrarie to the true meaning of the Proclamation euen now that the institution hath been on foot almost two yeeres and that such a summe of money is returned backe againe by you when the issue of the new coyne hath bin no greater seeing that excepted which spends in the lendings of the Army a small quantitie hath been otherwise dispersed in the Kingdome so as surely it may not be denied but many of these Bilies might haue been kept from the Banke if your deputies had been as carefull as they ought For although Captaines and Souldiers and Merchants carrying and deliuering necessaries for the Army were by her Maiesties institution intended to be relieued in their reasonable and iust demands yet who could euer thinke that her Maiesty euer intended that Merchants should haue been suffered to sell those Merchandize for 300l there which cost them but one 100l here and then turne that 300l vpon the Exchange or that Captaines officers would make ouer foure times more money by one bill then their whole entertainement comes to in a yeere And therefore foresight hereof by the experience dearely bought makes her Maiestie now resolue in her last order that she wil not allow any exchange but onely to the Army and such as doe relieue the same and that she meanes from henceforth shall bee iustly answered how soeuer it may bee that some seditious persons misliking that these vnreasonable Billes haue been looked into and so some suspence of paiment made may speak scandalously either of the past or future when already there is deliuered to your Deputie Master Treasurer ten or twelue thousand pounds and more shall follow after towards the discharge And now to come to that which followes and doth require expedition your L P shall vnderstand that the greatnes of her Maiesties Army being such as she cannot beare it vp without extreme preiudice to her state and Kingdome she hath commanded vs hereby to let you know that shee is not satisfied with this abatement of 1000 but doth command you with all possible expedition to reduce the Army to 12000 foot and 1000 horse a matter which she findeth good to do in her wisdome not onely for the necessitie of the expence but out of this iudgement that she shall be sufficiently able to prouide for the defence against forraigne power before the storme shall fall without which occasion considering your owne relation of the weakenesse and desperate estate of the rebell with the desire of the rest to come from him she perswadeth her selfe that this List well compounded out of the Bands that are cashered will be strong enough against any home rebellion and so much the rather if you make it as much English as you can by ridding as many of the Irish as you thinke meete in all which for the persons and places shee referres it wholly to your owne best iudgement And now that wee are speaking of the Army wee thinke it fit to remember vnto you that it is a great errour in the Officers of the Ministers of that Kingdome that the Masters which is one of the principall keyes of her Maiesties charge is no better ordered The fraude whereof doth euidently appeare seeing that Army which is kept vpon such a height in List and payment is knowne and confessed euen by the Captaines themselues to be so extreamely defectiue in their numbers for although we are not ignorant that multiplicitie of Garrisons hinder the possibilitie of exact Musters yet there is difference betweene tollerable imperfections and those grosse negligences which are vsed by the Ministers of that seruice whereof the World is apt sometimes to accuse those that should both here and there censure the offenders as those that doe commit the faults vn punished Herein wee intreat your L P and that Counsell to make our case your owne and then to consider whether we can well discharge our duties to her Maiestie when in time of so great
an expence we are not able to shew her any manner of account of her Army by any authenticall certificate more then euery Captaine or passenger can relate vnto vs no not for the expence of eight or ten moneths time In which point of the Musters we thinke it not amisse to say something to you what wee conceiue concerning the Checque vpon apparrell First the order set downe very carefully and at large for the manner of the deliuerie and the Checque to be raised vpon the apparrel is not obserued the due obseruation whereof would aduantage the checque of the apparrell very much For such souldiers as are sent from vs thorowly apparrelled oftentimes haue apparrell there againe at the time of their deliuery giuen them especially those that are dispersed into Bands to fill them vp whereby we see her Maiesties double charge though speciall warning hath been giuen thereof from hence And daily able men are suffered to come ouer hither as of late tenne of those that were set out of the County of Lincolne in the late leauy and by the examination taken here lately it is proued that money is giuen to procure them pasports and none of those souldiers of the late leauies doe stand her Maiestie and the Countrie before they arriue there in lesse then sixe pound a man The order is not obserued that hath been prescribed that no souldier should bee discharged but by Passe from the Lord Deputie Principall Gouernour or chiefe Commanders for daily diuers come ouer with Passes of their Captaines and diuers are sent away together in one passe sometimes to the number of thirtie and few of them maimed and those bring no other passes then from the Maior where they are set on land here In all which and other particular duties though the Muster Master Comptroller and such other officers may be thought to be onely responsable in such cases wherewith they are trusted yet the authority which your Lordship hath and the meanes you haue to distinguish how and when things of that nature may be in some good sort reformed and the persons offending therein being in your eie to behold both them and their doing and in your power to rule and punish them as you finde cause doth impose vpon you thus much either to call vpon them and to chastise them or else to deliuer your owne iudgement which when we shall receiue from you and thereof informe her Maiestie it would include your care and ours to haue it otherwise and would satisfie the expectation and discourse of this time when her Majesties subiects being bitten with accidentall charges of the warres begin now to thinke that much of that which her Maiestie imposeth here at home is not necessarie but rather voluntarie or for lacke of care and prouidence in the expence vnprofitably wasted especially now they heare of nothing but victories and improbabillity of forraigne power and yet finde no difference betweene the present state of her Maiesties charge and that which shee was at when there was a Spanish Army in that Kingdom We haue also thought good to let your Lordship know how great confusion it breedes in her Maiesties expence that those of her Counsell there while your Lordship hath beene wholly conuersant in millitarie causes haue not called to their answere nor according to their desert haue punished such Commissaries of victuals there as haue made priuate gaine to them selues by sale of the victual committed to their charge without warrant from vs or direction from the Purueors here their superiours whereof from you we haue receiued both aduertisement and mislike But especially for that you of the Counsell there haue neuer called vpon nor strictly charged the Commissaries to bring in their accounts in so much as there remaineth yet vnaccounted for for any thing wee know the whole charge of those victuals which wee haue carefully sent ouer and whereof wee haue receiued certificate of the safe arriuall for the space of almost two yeeres of which Masse if the same be reckoned your Lordship shall find it little lesse then the value of one hundred threescore thousand pound whereof your Lordship may thus conclude that either the summes defalked are great which remaine in the Treasurers hands or else the remaine in specie is so great with the Commissaries as her Maiestie might haue spared the prouisions lately sent ouer by which the Treasure hath been so mightily exhausted or else the wasts must bee such as are not onely to bee reiected in the accounts but the Authors thereof seuerely to bee punished A matter wherein wee write the more earnestly to your Lordship from whom wee would haue all exception taken that wee assure our selues you deserue not because we heare that a great part of the waste shall bee excused sometimes by the auowing that it hath been cast on their hands because the souldier hath not been inioyned to take it and that some other time they haue been commanded to remoue it and carrie it from place to place by which they pretend great losse and which of all things is most subiect to suspition in them that it is taken for a good warrant in Ireland to allow of any wastes for which a Commissarie can produce a certifficate from a poore Maior Soueraigne or Bailiffe of a Towne or Port which how casily it is obtained your Lordships owne wisedome can best iudge who are so well acquainted with the pouertie and condition of that place Further because no one thing is more heauy to the Queene and the Realme then the matter of victualling wherein it is no way possible for vs to doe more here and that wee perceiue by your letter of the two and twentieth of September amongst other things that your Lordship is not well satisfied in diuers things concerning the victuals wee thinke it not amisse to handle some particular points of that matter which wee wish all those of the Counsell and all other interested in the care of those things may well vnderstand because you may the better another time answere those arguments with which they seeke to satisfie you when in truth if they examine themselues whatsoeuer they lacke it proceedeth most from their owne default First whereas in the letter aforesaid you note how slowly such victuals doe arriue there as haue been prouided here vpon request made by your Lordship we answere that Newcomen whom you sent ouer is able to giue you satisfaction that presently vpon his comming ouer hither and perusall of your Lordships demaunds there was no delay vsed by vs to satisfie you in such sort as might be to your Lordships contentment and to serue the Army and Garrisons and because Newcomen was not only made priuie but did both thinke the prouision appointed to be sufficient to answere your Lordships desire and the vse of the Armie and Garisons is one of the vndertakers for those prouisions of victuals he is much to blame if he haue not particularly discharged that
trust True it is that we conceiue you haue cause to maruell that in so great distance of time so smal quantitie of so great a masse as was prouided hath arriued there which if it hath happened by contrariety of winds onely then must your Lordship be satisfied and wee excused But howsoeuer it be by the coppie of the Contracts 〈◊〉 vnto your Lordship by vs with the charge the victuals did amount vnto we doubt not but you rest thorowly satisfied of our care and leaue vs rather cause to suspect that our former letters written to your Lordship concerning the victualing causes haue not come to your hands or that the contents of them are out of your remembrance For in them namely that of the fourth of August last wee did not onely send your Lordship as formerly wee did of all the rest a coppie of the contract made by the victualers but did satisfie you in diuers things whereof we doe find you do complaine which by our former letters we deliuered and signified at large and we both remember well the things you noted the course we held for your satisfaction To which we ad nothing more but doe repeate vnto you that we then did say in that point that wee finde it a great fault in the Commissaries of the victuals there that they do neuer informe you of the arriuall of victuals in those parts nor vpon what contract they are prouided which would well become both the Commissarie and Surueior of the victuals for by many letters sent from him to vs we are particularly certified both of the victuals that arriue there and vpon what contract they are furnished Besides the victualers here doe protest that they doe prouide no victuals at all but for the vse of the Armie and to furnish the contracts so as what quantities soeuer are sent thither the same are to be taken for her Maiesties vse and to bee accounted to furnish the contracts vntill they bee compleate and then the ouerplus is to passe to serue the next contract For it may fall out that such victuals as are sent to one place may by contrarietie of winds arriue in another Prouince or Port which now as the Purueiours doe informe vs hath of late happened to one of their Barkes driuen into Corke and there staied by the Gouernour which should haue come to Galloway and so that Towne thereby disfurnished and those that are sent sooner from hence may arriue later and sometimes miscarry But the chiefest matter that doth breede scruple doubt and matter of abuse is that there are not appointed there in the vsuall Ports where there are Magizines as in Dublin Carlingford Corke Lymricke Carickfergus Loughfoyle and Galloway some sufficient persons who with the Maior and Officers of the Ports may ouer-see the vnlading of the victuals from time to time and take knowledge of the goodnesse of the victuals and the quantities of the same and to charge the Surueyors of the victuals to performe their duties likewise and to be enformed of the fame and certifie you thereof wherein or in any other sort if any abuse be committed by the Commissaries it is both the earnest request of the Vndertakers and our absolute desire and that which your Lordships place doth require to see some exemplary punishment inflicted vpon them for their euill carriage which may and ought to be reformed So as for an answere to that letter we must still referre you to our former letters namely those of the fourth of August last forasmuch as is to bee performed by vs here who see and heare with others eyes and eares in that place and not our owne And where wee doe vnderstand by your late letters also that the Commissaries and Agents for the Vndertakers doe refuse to take beèues at twentie shillings a piece the victualers here doe not onely deny the same to be done by their priuitie but earnestly beseech vs as often they haue done that they may haue them at that price and in our letters sent by Necowmen at their entreatie we did require that your Lordship would bee pleased to take order they might haue at reasonable rates such beeues as were taken from the enemie which sute they doe renew and doe assure vs they will bee glad to receiue them at that rate And forasmuch as many great and heauie accounts are to bee taken before either reckonings can bee cleared or faults clearely distinguished her Maiestie hath resolued immediatly after Christmas to send ouer some well chosen Commissioners both for integritie and experience in all things in this nature to examine and suruey the state of her Maiesties receipts and issues To whom as shee nothing doubteth but your Lordship whose zeale and care appeares so greatly in her Maiesties seruice will giue the best support which you can possibly afford them so her Maiestie requireth your Lordship now vpon conference with the Counsell there to appoint a day for all those inferiour persons who haue any thing to doe with the matters of accounts receipts and expence to come to Dublin to the intent that those which shall be sent ouer may not loose their time by attending their repaire from remote places nor your Lordship whose eyes and iudgement will giue great light to that Commission may bee otherwise distracted by any new iournies or prosecutions to which the growing on of the yeere may inuite you For the present desire you haue that some Commissioners should be sent ouer for the passing of some lands to the Submitties with such reseruations as are fittest for her Maiestie shee meaneth presently to send ouer authorite accordingly liking very well amongst othings that you intend to cut off all dependancy vpon the Irish Lords which is one very necessarie consideration Lastly because your L p and the Counsell may know that although it is not to be looked for at the hands of any Prince that they should vnnecessarily keepe Companies in pay for the reliefe of any Captaine yet because her Maiesty in her owne disposition intendeth nothing lesse then to neglect those seruitors of hers whom you shall testifie to haue deserued extraordinarily being like to suffer penury by this cashering shee hath willed vs to let you know that shee is pleased to continue to euery such Captaine and so many other Officers as you thinke necessary their ordinary pay whereby they may bee enabled to maintaine themselues there about you for many good purposes vntill some other occasion offer itselfe to imploy them elsewhere or some Company there fall within your gift to conferre it vpon them which being done that entertainement may cease And now that you perceiue her Maiesties resolution whereof shee hath much hastened the sending away vnto you in which respect wee cannot so particularly touch all things as we would wee must now conclude that howsoeuer her Maiesties pleasure is that those errours of subordinate Ministers in these matters of accompts and reckonings should be thus mentioned to your
England We are pleased that all such haue the benefit of the exchange in such manner as for those of our Army is aboue limmited for such yeerely summes of money as Our Deputy and Counsell there for the time being shall thinke good to allow to any of them vpon their demands And the Warrant of our said Deputie and Counsell shall bee sufficient Warrant to the Master of our exchange or his Deputies for the receiuing of all such Billes as they shall require him to admit for any such Nobleman or Gentleman And now hauing explained some part of the abuses offered to Vs in the exchange and declared Our pleasure for the reformation of them We doe not doubt but that as vpon the former restrictions by Vs proposed to the same end so now many ill minded persons wil not stick to flander Our doings as though there were not in Vs an honourable meaning to performe what here We haue promised whereof although Our proceedings shall by their true and iust effect manifest the contrary yet because euill tongues accustomed to calumniate the actions of Princes are sometimes the instruments of alteration of peoples mindes from their dutifull opinions of their Soueraignes where there is to vs nothing so deare as the conseruation of the loue of our subiects Wee doe for preuenting of any such malitious purposes require all Magistrates and Officers who haue any charge in the Gouernement of that Our Kingdome to haue an care to such euill rumours and to the spreaders of them and such as they shall find to be authors or instruments of diuulging any slaunderous speeches touching this matter of the exchange to make them an example for others to bee admonished by And to assure all men that this institution of base money in this Kingdome hath had his chiefest ground vpon hope Wee had thereby to weaken the Rebels of this Kingdome who by the vse of sterling money had and haue meanes to prouide themselues from forraigne parts of all things necessarie to maintaine their euill courses And that the same being by this way partly and partly by power of Our Army once suppressed We shall haue iust cause to restore the monies of this Realme to such estate as our Progenitors haue accustomed to vse here Giuen vnder our Signet at our Pallace of Westminster the foure and twentieth day of December 1602 being of our Raigne the fiue and fortieth yeere The clauses of former Proclamations touching the Exchange meete now to be continued The vse of sterling Monies or of any other then these new monies prohibited vppon penalties of imprisonment and fine All Officers hauing power giuen them to seaze the said monies put in vse and euery Informer allowed the moyety of so much as he shall discouer To allow for all sterling monies of siluer brought into the Exchange with purpose to receiue new Monies for the same gaine of two shillings in the pound of new monies for gold two shillings six pence gaine of new monies To allow ten in the hundred profit for all base siluer monies brought into the Exchange Counterfetters to be seuerely looked to punished All passengers comming into Ireland to be searched or put to their oath what sterling mony they carry with them The same day his Lordship and the Counsell here receiued this following letter from the Lords in England AFter our very hearty commendations to your Lordships we haue receiued your letter of the seuenth of this instant together with a seuerall note or abstract of some materiall points and doubts to be considered and resolued concerning the last prescribed forme of the Exchange And as both your letters and abstract were addressed together for answere of her Maiesties letter lately sent vnto you with a forme of a Proclamation thereunto annexed so now you shall againe receiue the resolution of her Maiesty and vs of her Counsell touching the same matter onely and the doubts by you propounded which according to your desire we send with as much speed as a businesse of that importance reduced to a new deliberation could be dispatched For the liberty that her Maiesty did giue you either of proceeding or of respite and suspence to publish the Proclamation according to the iudgement you shall make of it vpon consideration of any very dangerous effects that you shall find apparant or likely to ensue you haue rightly acknowledged her Maiesties gracious respect vnto you in whom as the chiefest Ministers of that State shee reposeth speciall confidence both for your care and wisdome and for the opportunity you haue by the present contemplation of all things neere at hand and vnder your eye to discerne and discouer any inconueniencies and to apply the medicines accordingly And therefore although it pleased her to take that resolution together with vs of her Counsell which was set downe by the said Proclamation hoping that it would be a meanes to cure and preuent the intollerable frauds and enormities in the practice of the exchange which was intended and instituted for the ease of her excessiue charge and for the good of her subiects there yet for as much as you haue shewed so great a distrust and feare of dangerous consequence if you should forthwith haue proceeded to the publishing of that Proclamation and vpon aduised consultation as her Maiesty assureth her selfe haue propounded these points of doubtfulnesse that accompanied your letter shee is well pleased to giue such credit to your opinion as that shee hath vpon a new deliberation with vs of her Counsell caused a temper and moderation to be set downe with the chiefe points whereof you doubted as may appeare vnto you by a forme of a Proclamation differing from the former and now sent vnto you wherein because you may readily obserue the particular alterations from the former Proclamation by comparing both together wee need not make rehearsall of them here for satisfaction of your doubts Onely we haue thought good to say somewhat concerning the sixth and seuenth Articles in your abstract in which you make question what course is best to bee holden for the discouery of the fraudes vsed by Merchants and others in their exchanges and what meanes are to be vsed that her Maiesty be not ouer-burthened in the exchange vpon which questions and your owne opinions thereof deliuered wee cannot omit to make two obseruations The one that your selues doe acknowledge the intollerable frauds of Merchants and others vsed in the exchange whereby not onely her Maiesties gracious intention and meaning of the exchange hath beene extraordinarily abused but her Subiects in that Realme by the excessiue rates in the sale of all commodities haue beene vnconscionably ouercharged And therefore your selues cannot denie but that it were very dangerous for the exchange to be vpholden without remedy of these frauds The second that for asmuch as there cannot bee any certaine rule and order prescribed to auoid these frauds that shall be free from the euasion of cunning and deceitfull persons and
greater Forces then euer yet were kept in this Kingdome And although it hath beene seldome heard that any Army hath beene carried on with so continuall action and enduring without any intermission of Winter breathings and that the difficulties at this time to keepe any Forces in the place where we must make the warre but especially our Horse are almost beyond any hope to preuent yet with the fauour of God and her Maiesties fortune I doe determine my selfe to draw into the field as soone as I haue receiued her Maiesties commandements by the Commissioners whom it hath pleased her to fond ouer and in the meane time I hope by my owne presence or directions to set euery party on worke that doth adioyne or may bee drawne against any force that now doth remaine in rebellion In which iourney the successe must bee in the hands of God but I will confidently promise to omit nothing that is possible by vs to bee done to giue the last blow vnto the Rebe lion But as all paine and anguish impatient of the present doth vse change for a remedie so will it bee impossible for vs to settle the mindes of this people vnto a peace or reduce them vnto order while they feele the smart of these sensible grietes and apparant feares which I haue remembred to your Lordships without some hope of redresse or securitie Therefore I will presume how vnworthy soeuer I am since it concernes the Prouince her Maiestie hath giuen me with all humblenesse to lay before your graue iudgements some few things which I thinke necessarie to bee considered of And first whereas the alteration of the coine and taking away of the exchange in such measure as it was first promised hath bred a generall grieuance vnto men of all qualities and so many incommodities to all sorts that it is beyond the iudgement of any that I can heare to preuent a confusion in this estate by the conunuance thereof that at the least it would please your Lordships to put this people in some certaine hope that vpon the ende of the warre this new standard shall bee abolished or eased and that in the meane time the Armie may bee fauourably delt with in the Exchange since by the last Proclamation your Lordships sent ouer they doe conceiue their case will bee more hard then any others for if they haue allowed them nothing but indefinitely as much as they shall meerely gaint out of their intertainements that will proue nothing to the greater part For the onely possibility to make them to liue vpon their intertainement will bee to allow them exchange for the greatest part thereof since now they doe not onely pay excessiue prices for all things but can hardly get any thing for this money and although wee haue presumed to alter in shew though not effect the Proclamation in that point by retaining a power in our selues to proportion their allowance for exchange yet was it with a minde to conforme our proceedings therein according to your Lordships next directions and therefore doe humbly desire to know your pleasures therein For our opinions of the last proiect it pleased your Lordships to send vs I doe humbly leaue it to our generall letters onely as from my selfe I made ouerture to the Counsell of the other you sent directed onely to my selfe and because I found them generally to concurre that it would proue as dangerous as the first I did not thinke it fit any otherwise to declare your Lordships pleasure therein And whereas it pleased your Lordships in your last letters to command vs to deale moderately in the great matter of Religion I had before the receit of your Lordships letters presumed to aduise such as delt in it for a time to hold a more restrained hand therein and we were both thinking ourselues what course to take in the reuocation of what was already done with least incouragement to them and others since the feare that this course begun in Dublin would fal vpon the rest was apprehended ouer all the Kingdom so that I think your Lordships direction was to great purpose the other course might haue ouerthrowne the meanes to our owne end of reformation of religion Not that I thinke too great precisenesse can bee vsed in the reforming of our selues the abuses of our owne Clergie Church-liuings or discipline nor that the truth of the Gospell can with too great vehemency or industrie bee set forward in all places and by all ordinary meanes most proper vnto it selfe that was first set forth and spread in meekenesse nor that I thinke any corporall prosecution or punishment can be too seuere for such as shall bee found seditious instruments of forraigne or inward practises nor that I thinke it fit that any principall Magistrates should bee chosen without taking the Oath of Obedience nor tollerated in absenting themselues from publike Diuine Seruice but that wee may bee aduised how wee doe punish in their bodies or goods any such onely for Religion as doe professe to bee faithfull subiects to her Maiestie and against whom the contrarie can not be proued And since if the Irish were vtterly rooted out there was much lesse likelihood that this Countrey could be thereby in any time planted by the English since they are so farre from inhabiting well any part of that they haue already and that more then is likely to be inhabited may be easily chosen out and reserued in such places by the Sea-side or vpon great Riuers as may be planted to great purpose for a future absolute reducement of this Countrey I thinke it would asmuch auaile the speedy setling of this Countrey as any thing that it would please her Maiesty to deale liberally with the Irish Lords of Countries or such as now are of great reputation among them in the distribution of such lands as they haue formerly possessed or the State here can make little vse of for her Maiesty If they continue as they ought to doe and yeeld the Queene as much commodity as she may otherwise expect shee hath made a good purchase of such subiects for such land If any of them hereafter be disobedient to her lawes or breake forth in rebellion shee may when they shall be more diuided ruine them more easily for example vnto others and if it be thought fit may plant English or other Irish in their Countries For although there euer haue beene and hereafter may be small eruptions in some places which at the first may easily be suppressed yet the suffering them to grow to that generall head and combination did questionlesse proceed from great errour in the iudgement here and may be easily as I thinke preuented hereafter And further it may please her Maiesty to ground her resolution for the time and numbers of the next abatement of the lyst of her Army somewhat vpon our poore aduice from hence and to beleeue that wee will not so farre corrupt our iudgements with any priuate respect as
may receiue our further directions And for so doing this shall be your sufficient warrant Giuen at Tredagh the foure and twenty of March 1602. To Our trusly and well beloued Sir William Godolphin and Sir Garret More Knights VVhen I had written this Commission his Lordship commanded me to write this following protection Mountioy WHereas vpon the humble suite and submission of Hugh Earle of Tyrone and his penitent contrition for his former offences by many messages and letters signified vnto Vs We haue thought good to receiue into her Maiesties most gracious protection his owne person and such as shall come in his Company with safety to him and them and the rest of his followers whatsoeuer dwelling in the County of Tyrone or now abiding with him aswell in their bodies as goods for and during the space of three weekes to the end hee might repaire vnto vs to let vs more fully vnderstand his humble petitions These are straightly to charge and command all and euery her Maiesties Officers Ministers and Subiects to permit and suffer him and them peaceably to enioy the benefit thereof without any restraint molestation or hostile act against him or his in their bodies or goods during the time aboue limitted So as in the meane time hec and they continue of good and dutifull behauiour towards her Maiesty and this State Giuen at Tredagh the foure and twentieth of March 1602. To all Commanders of horse and foot and to all other her Maiesties Officers and Subiects to whom it may appertaine Likewise his Lordship commanded me to write seuerall letters to the Gouernours of Garrisons requiring them to giue Tyrone and his followers full benefit of this Protection And these writings being all signed by the Lord Deputy were deliuered to Sir William Godolphin with charge that when Tyrone was in his Company and on the way to come to his Lordship then and not before hee should deliuer him the Protection and likewise the letters to bee sent to the seuerall Garrisons by his owne messengers These Commissioners on the six and twentieth of March sent one Bathe from Armagh to Tyrone to prepare the way of their meeting The seuen and twentieth both the Commissioners came to Charlemont where Sir William Godolphin staied for his troope of horse but Sir Garret Moore rode that night to Tullough-oge where he spake with Tyrone The eight and twentieth Sir Garret Moore wrote to Sir William that Tyrone was fully resolued to obey the Lord Deputies commandements and would meet him the next morning at nine of the clocke to ride forward in his company to the Lord Deputy And Henry Hagan who brought this letter gaue Sir William confident assurance of Tyrones performance The same eight twentieth day the L. Deputy being at Mellifant and there hauing the foresaid notice of the Queenes death and considering that this rumor was no good ground for a new treatie with Tyrone yet breaking out were it true or false might cause new combustions in Ireland most apt to relapse into new tumults as appeared by the ensuing mutiny of the very Citties and corporate Townes as also that if it were true then he had no power from the succeding King to receiue Tyrone to mercy yea that in case it should prooue false then such treatie with the Arch-traytor in any other then Queene Elizabeths name might proue very dangerous to him For these reasons he resolued speedily to strike vp the former treatie with Tyrone and so presently dispatched a horseman to Sir William Godolphin to aduertise him thereof and to require him to hasten Tyrones comming by remembrance to him that his former delayes in Treaties had much incensed the Queene and by threatning him that if he made the least delay of his submission his power to doe him good might be easily restrained and then he should expect nothing from him but a sharpe prosecution to his vtter ruine Sir William hauing receiued these his Lordships and Sir Garrets foresaid letters thought it no time to stand nicely vpon termes of equality which might argue his distrust of Tyrone and awaken in him his old iealousies of our meaning to him and therefore leauing order that his troope should follow him did ride from Charlemont and met Tyrone on the nine and twentieth of March at nine of the clocke in the morning at Toker a place lying fiue miles beyond Dungannon where shewing him the Lord Deputies protection he most humbly and thankfully accepted thereof and so committed himselfe to the Commissioners to ride in their company to the Lord Deputy By the way they deliuered his Protection to his owne hands and likewise the letters which he was to send to the seuerall Gouernours by his owne messengers On the thirtieth of March 1603. they came al together to Mellifant in the afternoon where Tyrone being admitted to the Lord Deputies chamber kneeled at the doore humbly on his knees for a long space making his penitent submission to her Maiesty and after being required to come neerer to the Lord Deputie performed the same ceremony in all humblenesse the space of one houre or there abouts The next day hee also made a most humble submission in writing signed with his owne hand in manner and forme following as appeares vpon record I Hugh Oneale by the Queene of England France and Ireland her most gracious fauour created Earle of Tyrone doe with all true and humble penitency prostrate my selfe at her royall feet and absolutely submit my selfe vnto her mercy most sorrowfully imploring her gracious commiseration and appealing onely to her Princely clemency without presuming to iustifie my vnloyall proceedings against her sacred Maiesty Onely most sorrowfully and carnestly desiring that it may please her Maiesty rather in some measure to mittigate her iust indignation against me in that I doe religiously vow that the first motiues of my vnnaturall rebellion were neither practise malice nor ambition but that I was induced first by feare of my life which I conceiued was sought by my Enemies practise to stand vpon my gard and after most vnhappily led to make good that fault with more hainous offences the which in themselues I doe acknowledge deserue no forgiuenesse and that it is impossible for me in respect of their greatnesse in any proportion euen with my life to make satisfaction I doe most humbly desire her Maiesty to pardon them that as I haue beene already a sufficient argument of her Royall power hauing little left but my life to preserue it selfe so that it may now please her Maiesty to make me an example of her Princely clemency the chiefest ornament of her high dignity And that I may be the better able hereafter with the vttermost seruice of my life to redeeme the foulenes of my faults I doe most humbly sue vnto her Maiesty that shee will vouchsafe to restore me to my former dignity and liuing in which estate of a subiect I doe religiously vow to continue for euer hereafter loyall in all
true obedience to her royall person crown prerogatiue and lawes and to be in all things as farre and as dutifully conformable thereunto as I or any other Nobleman of this Realme is bound by the duty of a subiect to his Soueraigne or by the Lawes of this Realme vtterly renouncing and abiuting the name and title of O Neale or any other authoritie or claime which hath not beene granted or confirmed vnto mee by her Maiesty and that otherwise by the Lawes of this Realme I may not pretend inst interest vnto and I doe religiously sweare to performe so much as is aboue mentioned and the rest of these Articles subscribed by my owne hand as farre as shall any way lie in my power and to deliuer such pledges for the performance thereof as shall be nominated vnto me by the Lord Deputy I doe renounce and abiure all forraigne power whatsoeuer and all kind of dependancy vpon any other Potentate but her Maiesty the Queene of England France and Ireland and doe vow to serue her faithfully against any forraigne power inuading her Kingdomes and to discouer truely any practises that I doe or shall know against her roiall person or Crownes and namely and especially I doe abiure and renounce all manner of dependancy vpon the King or Estate of Spaine or treaty with him or any of his confederates and shall be ready with the vttermost of my ability to serue her Maiesty against him or any of his forces or confederates I doe absolutely renounce all challenge or intermedling with the Vriaghts or softering with them or other neighbour Lords or Gentlemen out of my Countrey or exacting any blacke rents of any Vriaghts or bordering Lords I doe resigne all claime and title to any lands but such as shall be now granted vnto me by her Maiesties Letters Pattents Lastly as the onely being a Subiect doth include all the duties of a Subiect so will I be content to be informed and aduised by her Magistrates here and will be conformable and assisting vnto them in any thing that may tend to the aduancement of her seruice and the peaceable gouernement of this Kingdome as namely for the abolishing of all barbarous customes contrary to the lawes being the seeds of all inciuility and for the cleering of difficult passages and places which are the nurseries of rebellion wherein I will employ the labours of the people of my Countrey in such sort and in such places as I shall be directed by her Maiesty or the Lord Deputy and Counsell in her name and will endeuour for my selfe and the people of my Countrey to erect ciuill habitations and such as shall bee of greater effect to preserue vs against theeues and any force but the power of the State by the which we must rest assured to be preserued as long as we continue in our duties This submission was presented by the Earle of Tyrone kneeling on his knees before the Lord Deputy and Counsell and in the presence of a great assembly At the same time the Earle promised to write vnto the King of Spaine for the recalling of his sonne from thence into Ireland and to doe the same at such time and in such words as the Lord Deputy should direct Likewise he vowed to discouer how farré he had proceeded with the King of Spaine or any other forraigne or domesticall enemies for past or future helpes and combinations Then the Lord Deputy in the Queenes name promised to the Earle for himselfe and his followers her Maiesties gratious pardon and to himselfe the restoring of his dignity of the Earledome of Tyrone and of his bloud and likewise new letters Pattents for all his lands which in his former letters had been granted to him before his rebellion excepting onely the Country possessed by Henrie Oge Oneale and the Fues possessed by Turlogh Mac Henrie to both which at their submission the Lord Deputie had formerly promised that they should hold the same immediately from the Queene to which ende this exemption and reseruation was now made of these Countries and the disposing of them left to her Maiesties power And likewise excepting and reseruing three hundred acres of land to bee laid to the Fort of Mountioy and three hundred more to the Fort of Charlemont during her Maiesties pleasure to hold any Garrisons in the said Forts To these exemptions of Henrie Oge and Turlogh Mac Henrie their Countries and themselues from the Earles right or power he gaue his full consent as likewise to the reseruation of the lands laid to the said Forts He promised to reduce his Countrie to pay her Maiestie like composition as Connaght now did and for long time had paied and to answere rising out of souldiers and all charges for aduancing her Maiesties seruice The third of Aprill the Lord Deputy hauing the Earle of Tyrone in his companie rode to Tredagh and from thence vpon the fourth day to Dublyn The next day an English ship arriued in that Hauen in which came Sir Henrie Dauers who brought with him letters from the Lords in England aduertising the Queens death and that Iames the first was proclaimed King of England Scotland France and Ireland the coppy of which Proclamation they sent to the end it should here be published in like sort Also in the same ship came one Master Liegh kinsman to the Lord Deputy who brought his Lordship a fauourable letter from the King out of Scotland This Master Liegh his Lordship presently graced with the honour of Knighthood And concerning the gentleman formerly spoken of whose seruant brought the first newes of the Queenes death I was not deceiued in the honour I did ominate to him as I haue formerly written for after he had followed my aduice in the manner of his imparting that important newes to the Lord Deputy his Lordship conceiued so good an opinion of him for his discretion and for the particular affection hee had expressed towards him by the tender of his seruice in following his fortune this doubtfull time as his Lordship did not onely by the way from Meltfant to Dublyn extraordinarily grace him and often call him not without some admiration of the better sort of his traine to ride by his side talking familiarly with him but now vpon his arriuall to Dublyn vpon this occasion of honouring his cozen Leigh did also knight him In the meane time according to the Lord Deputies commandement the Counsellers of the State the Noblemen Knights and chiefe Commanders of the Army then being at Dublyn assembled together in the Castle to whom his Lordship made knowne the Queenes death and the Kings Proclamation which he first then all in course signed and presently taking Horse with ioyfull acclamations published the same through the chiefe streets of Dublyn I cannot omit to mention that the Earle of Tyrone vpon the first hearing the Lord Deputies relation of the Queenes death could not containe himselfe from shedding of teares in such quantity as it could not well
be concealed especially in him vpon whole face all men eyes were cast himselfe was content to insinuate that a tender sorrow for losse of his Soueraigne Mistresse caused this passion in him but euery dull vnderstanding might easily conceiue that thereby his heart might rather bee more eased of many and continuall ielousies and feares which the guilt of his offences could not but daily present him after the greatest security of pardon And there needed no Oedipus to find out the true cause of his teares for no doubt the most humble submission he made to the Queene he had so highly and proudly offended much eclipsed the vaine glory his actions might haue carried if he had hold out till her death besides that by his cōming in as it were between two raignes he lost a faire aduantage for by Englands Estate for the present vnsetled to haue subsisted longer in rebellion if he had any such end or at least an ample occasion of fastning great merit on the new King if at first and with free will he had submitted to his mercy which hee would haue pretended to doe onely of an honourable affection to his new Prince and many would in all likelihood haue beleeued so much especially they to whom his present misery and ruined estate were not at all or not fully knowne The sixth of Aprill the Earle of Tyrone made a new submission to the King in the same forme he had done to the Queene the name onely changed He also wrote this following letter to the King of Spaine IT may please your most Excellent Maiesty Hauing since the first time that euer I receiued letters from your Highnesse Father and your Maiesty or written letters vnto you performed to the vttermost of my power whatsoeuer I promised insomuch as in the expectation of your assistance since the repaire of O Donnell to your Maiesty I continued in action vntill all my neerest kinsemen and followers hauing forsaken me I was inforced as my duty is to submit my selfe to my Lord and Soueraigne the beginning of this instant moneth of Aprill in whose seruice and obedience I will continue during my life Therefore and for that growing old my selfe I would gladly see my sonne setled in my life time I haue thought good giuing your Maiesty all thankes for your Princely vsage of my sonne Henry during his being in Spaine most humbly to desire you to send him vnto mee And for the poucrtie whereunto I was driuen I haue in sundry letters both in Irish and other languages so signified the same as it were inconuenient herein to make relation thereof And so I most humbly take my leaue From Dublin c. Your Highnesse poore friend that was Hugh Tyrone Together with the same he wrote another letter to his sonne Henry to hasten his comming from Spaine into Ireland but without any effect Lastly the Lord Deputic renewed to the Earle of Tyrone his Maiesties Protection for a longer time till hee could sue out his Pardon and sent him backe into his Countrey to settle the same and to keepe his friends and former confederates in better order vpon this change of the State Sir Henry Dauers who lately brought letters to the Lord Deputy from the Lords in England returned backe with purpose to repaire presently vnto the King wherevpon the Lord Deputy commended to his relation the following instructions signed with his Lordships hand Wherein you must note that his Lordship omits the newes of the Queenes death receiued by the seruant of a Gentleman as aforesaid the same being onely a priuate inteliigence whereupon hee could not safely build his late proceedings and that his Lordship onely insists vpon letters from the State which could onely giue warrant to the same The instrustions are these You are to informe the Kings Maiesty that at your comming ouer hither the fifth hereof with the letters from the Lords in England signifying the decease of my late Scueraigne Mistresse you found with mee heere at Dublin the Earle of Tyrone newly come in vpon Protection and by that meanes the Rcalme for the present generally quiet all expecting that vpon a conclusion with him which then euery one conceiued to be likely in as much as he put himself into my hand which till that time he would neuer doe to any the Countrey would in short time be thorowly settled so that euery one thet found himselfe in danger did presse me in a manner hourely for his pardon foreseeing that he that staied out longest was sure to be made the example of the Iustice of the State where such as could soonest make their way by assuring their future loyaltie and seruice were hopefull to lay hold vpon their Soueraignes mercy Now to the end you may acquaint his Maiesty how farre forth I haue proceeded with the Earle of Tyrone and vpon what warrant you shall be heereby thus remembred He had often made great meanes to be receiued to mercy which as often I had denied him prosecuting him to the vttermost of my ability being cuer confident in opinion that vntil I had brought him very low driuen him out of his own Countrey as I did the last Summer and left Garrisons vpon him that tooke most of the Creaghts and spoiled the rest of his goods hee would not bee made fit to crauc mercy in that humble manner that was beseeming so great an offender In December last when I was at Galloway he importuned me by many messages and letters and by some that he trusted very well vowed much sincerity if hee might be hearkened vnto there and at that time hee sent me a submission framed in as humble manner as I could reasonably require To that I sent him this answer that I would recommed it to her Maiesty but vntill I had further direction from her I would still prosecute him as I did before and get his head if I could and that was all the comfort I gaue him yet ceased he not to continue a sutor with all the earnestnesse that hee could deuise hoping in the end to obtaine that hee desired In the month of March I receiued letters from her Maiesty of the sixteenth and sauenteenth of February whereby I was authorised to giue him my word for his comming and going safe and to pardon him so as he would come parsonally where I should assigne him to receine it and yeeld to some other conditions in the last of those two letters contained And withall I was specially required aboue all things to driue him to some issue presently because her Maiesty then conceiued that contrariety of successes heere or change of accidents in other parts might turn very much to her disaduantage for which she was still apt to beleeue that hee lay in wait and would spin out all things further then were requisite with delayes and shifts if I should not abridge him Shortly after the Earle renewing his former suit with very great carnestnesse and in most humble manner as may
appeare by his letter in March sent me to Tredagh whether I was then drawne vpon speciall occasion of seuice I thought it fit to entertaine the offer of his submission and to draw on the speedier conclusion of so important a busines both for that the daily intelligence out of Spaine threatned danger vnto this Kingdom and for that I had then receiued aduertisement from the Counsell in England of her Maiesties dangerous sicknesse the least of which accidents might haue reuiued his hopes added new life vnto his languishing partisans and vtterly changed the whole frame of my proceedings To this end I signed his Protection for three weekes with seuerall warrants to the bordering Garrisons of forbearance from doing any hostile act either vpon his person and the persons of his followers or vpon their goods during the terme aforesaid appointing Sir Garret Moore a Gentleman well deseruing of the State and out of ancient acquaintance with the Earle much respected by him to repaire vnto him and to giue him knowledge that if simply and plainely according to the tennor of his humble requests he were resolued without any delay to present his petitions vnto me in his owne person where I assigned his appearance he should then receiue a protection for his safe comming and returne with assurance for his people and goods during his absence by the hands of Sir William Godolphin whom I had purposely sent into those part with a sufficient guard to attend his resolution and to bring him safely vnto me These conditions though at first seeming somewhat hard as both tasting of too great an humblenes and not vtterly free from danger of his person whose head was set to Sale by a publike act and priuate men not bound to take knowledged of the present proceedings found easier acceptance then almost any man would haue imagined the Earle peremtorily commanding that none of his vpon what pretence soeuer should presume to disswade him from obaying this summons seeing no way of mediation was left vnto him saue onely this vowing in the presence of a great many that although the Deputies heauy hand had almost brought him to the height of misery yet should no mortall power haue extorted from him a submission of this nature but that out of long and earnest obseruation of his proceedings he had found reason to hope that when his Lordship should discouer the vnfained penitency of his heart for his forepast misdeeds with a firme resolution to redeeme his offences by faithful seruing her Maiestie and wel deseruing of the State during the whole remainder of his life that he should then find from him as great commiseration of his present sufferings and as charitable a repaire against the threatned ruines of his house posterity and poore distressed Country as he had tatted bitternes in the whole course of his former prosecution Thus perswaded he left directions for setling his Country the best he might on such a sudden and with a guard of 50 horse vnder the leading of Sir William Godolphin making great marches vntill he came vnto me within three miles of Tredagh fell there downe on his knees before a great assembly confessing his vnworthines yet humbly crauing her Maiesties mercy which as aboue all earthly things he protested to desire so hee vowed with the vttermost of his power to deserue the same It were too long to set downe all that passed in this first interview he striuing to expresse in all his speeches and gestures the lowest degree of humblenes to me that was to valew and to maintaine the greatnes of her State and place whō he so highly had offended The next morning I sent for him the Treasurer at Warres being onely present with me and made him see how well I vnderstood his present condition how vnpossible it was for him to subsist euen in the poorest and most contēptible fashion of a Woodkerne if her Maiestie were but pleased to imploy the present instruments of his ruine Finally finding him most sensible both of his estate and the Queenes high fauour in remitting his crime I promised him her gratious pardon on those conditions mentioned in the memoriall sent by your hands From thence he attended me to Tredagh and so to Dublin the fourth of Aprill where the next day I receiued letters from the Nobility in England signifyng the death of our late Soueraigne Whereupon I called together the Counsell and such of the Nobilitie as were in Towne and acquainting them with the contents thereof I propounded also the present proclaiming of his Maiestie whereunto all most willingly agreed and among them the Earle of Tyrone and when they had set their hands to the Proclamation all together did accompany me the Deputy to the publishing thereof in the City Since that time I thought fit to dismisse the Earle of Tyrone into his owne Country the better to retaine his people and partisans in good order but first we tooke from him a new submission to his Maiesty signed by his hand which now I send by you Also you shall informe his Maiesty that now there is no Rebell in Ireland who hath not sued to be receiued to the Kings mercy and that I think fit to yeeld the same to most of them leauing only some few to be prosecuted to vtter ruine for an example and terror to other ill affected subiects wherin I desire to know his Maiesties pleasure Lastly you are to present my humble sute vnto his Maiesty to bee discharged of this Gouernement or if it shal please his Maiesty to employ me further herein yet that he wil vouchsafe me leaue to kisse his Royal hands which I desire not only out of my particular affection to haue the happines to see him but also out of my desire to informe him thorowly of the present estate of this Kingdome wherein I presume that I shall be able to doe his Maiesty very good seruice And if it shall not please his Maiestie to resolue for the present on some other man to vndertake this Gouernement but onely to leaue the authoritie to some fit mans hand during my absence and if hee bee resolued to make choise among those that are here present and therein shall require my opinion you shall say that although I will not presume to recommend any to his Maiestie yet I doe thinke Sir George Cary Treasurer at warres to be most fit for that place who hath already been Lord Iustice of this Kingdome and howsoeuer he be no souldier yet is well acquainted with the businesse of the warre wherein he hath been euer very industrious to aduance the seruice At the same time the Lord Deputy sent ouer Master Richard Cooke one of his Secretaries to negotiate his affaires in Court And because his Lordship desired to retaine the superintendency of this Gouernement with title of Lord Lieutenant and with two third parts of the Lord Deputies allowances in regard no man was able to support the place of Lord Deputy with
Lawes and obedience due to his Maiesty The foure twentieth day his Lordship was aduertised that the Citizens of Lymrick had with their Priests entred into all the Churches of the City and there erecting Altars had vsed the Rites of the Romish Church The 25. day his Lordship wrote this letter to the Citizens of Waterford YOur letters of the three and twentieth of this instant came this day to my hands And hauing duely considered the contents of the same I find that they returne a double excuse of the courses you haue vsed first for your delay of time to proclaime the Kings most Excellent Maiesty according to such directions as was sent vnto you from the Earle of Ormond by a Counsellor of this State And the next for such disorders as were reported to bee committed by the publike breach of his Highnesse Lawes in matters of Religion To the which We returne you this answer following First albeit We would haue wished that you had had a more carefull regard to haue performed such directions as you receiued from to Noble a Peere of this Realme by so reuerent a messenger as you might assure your selues in such a matter durst not abuse you his Highnesse sole and vndoubted right concurring also with your owne knowledge and consciences yet We will not condemne you for that omission of the time seeing afterwards you did obey our directions in that behalfe and gaue so publike a testimony of your ioyful allowance and consent to his Maiesties Right and lawfull title proclaimed amongst you But as in this part you haue giuen vnto vs a kinde of contentment so in the last point Wee cannot forbeare to let you vnderstand the Iust mislike We doe conceiue that you being Citizens of wisdome and good experience and the Lawes of the Realme continuing in force would be drawne either by your Priests or any like practises to commit any publike breach of the Lawes and the rather because out of that vnspotted duty which you professe you haue euer carried to the Crowne you would not in reason conceiue that the example of your offence in such a cause and in so great and populous a City could not but in it selfe be very dangerous in these disordered times wherein examples doe carry men astray which in discharge of Our duty to the Kings Highnesse Wee may not suffer And therefore haue resolued to make Our speedy repaire vnto those parts for none other purpose but to establish his Maiesties Lawes that no publike nor contemptious breach be made of them wherein We wish you had bin more wary contenting your selues with the long and fauourable tolleration you enioyed during the late Queens raigne rather then in this sort to haue prescribed Lawes to your selues whereby in wisdome you may perceiue how much you haue preiudiced the very obtaining of your owne desire by the courses you haue taken as we are credibly informed And yet because it may be that the reports of your behauiour haue beene made more hainous then there is cause Wee are well pleased to suspend Our giuing credit to such particular informations vntill vpon due examination the truth may appeare wherein We hope and shall be glad that you can acquit your selues so of these imputations now laid vpon you or otherwise that you conforme your selues now at last in such sort to the obedience you owe to his Maiesty and his Lawes as We be not inforced to take seuere notice of your contrary actions The same day his Lordship was aduertised from the Mayor of Galloway that howsoeuer he found no seditious inclination in the Citizens yet to preuent disorders in these mutinous times the Gouernor of the Fort had giuen him some of his souldiers to assist his authority whom he to that purpose had placed in the strongest Castles of the City The same day his Lordship receiued letters from the Mayor of Corke signifying that the thirteenth day of this moneth he had published in the City the Proclamation of the King with the greatest solemnity he could and complaining that the Souldiers in the Kings Fort offered many abuses to the Towne with offer from the Corporation to vndertake the safe keeping of that Fort for his Maiesty The 26 day his Lordship wrote to the Soueraigne of Wexford that whereas they excused their erecting of popish rites by the report they heard of his Maiesties being a Roman Catholike he could not but maruell at their simplicity to be seduced by lying Priests to such an opinion since it was apparant to the World that his Maiesty professed the true religion of the Gospell and euer with carefull sincerity maintained it in his Kingdome of Scotland charging him and those of Wexford vpon their Wexford to his Maiesty to desist from the disordered course they had taken in celebrating publikely the idolatrous Masse least hee at his comming vp into those parts should haue cause seuerely to punish their contempt shewed to his Maiesty and the lawes of his Kingdome The same day his Lordship was aduertised from the Commissioners of Mounst r that the Citizens of Corke grew daily more and more insolent defacing places of scripture written on the wals of the Church to the end they might wash and paint ouer the old Pictures and that one tearmed a Legat from the Pope with many Priests had gone in solemne procession hallowing the Church and singing Masse therein publikely the Townes-men hauing placed guards of armed men set at the Church dore and at the Porch yea burying their dead with all Papisticall Ceremonies and taking the Sacrament in like sort to spend their liues and goods in desence of the Romish Religion and thereupon taking boldnes to offer wrong to the English and to practice the getting of the Kings Fort into their hands yea refusing to sell any thing to the English for the new mixed money and not suffering the Kings victuals to be issued out of the store till they had assurance that the Souldiers should be sent out of the liberties of Corke The 27 day his Lordship wrote to the Soueraigne of Clemmell commending him and the rest of that City that they had proclaimed the King with great ioy and gladnesse but charging them vpon their vttermost perill to cease from the publike exercise of the Romish Religion which they of themselues had mutinously established The same day his Lordship wrote this following letter to the Soueraigne of Kilkenny AFter my hearty commendations I haue receiued your Letters of the 25 and 26 of this moneth and am glad to vnderstand thereby that you are somewhat conformable to my directions being willing to haue cause to interpret your actions to the best but though I meane not to search into your consciences yet I must needs take knowledge of the publike breach of his Maiesties Lawes and whereas you let me vnderstand that the Inhabitants are willing to withdraw themselues for their spirituall exercise to priuacy contented onely with the vse of the ruinous Abbey
that being a publike place I cannot but take notice thereof and maruell how you dare presume to dispose at your pleasure of the Abbey or any thing belonging to his Maiesty and therefore againe charge you vpon your alleagiance to forbeare any publike exercise of that Religion prohibited by the Lawes of this Realme and fully to reforme these disorders according to my directions vpon your extreame perill The same day his Lordship wrote this following letter to the Mayor of Corke AFter my very hearty commendations I did first receiue some mutual complaints informations from the cōmissioners of Mounster you wherof so far as they concerne your particulars I will take notice be glad to heare you both or your Agents for you reforme what I shall find amisse in either but of publike offences or errours I must take publike knowledge And first for the Proclamation of the King wherein I am informed that you were not onely your selues slow and backward but made resistance to those who being Gouernours in that Prouince in our late Soueraignes time and hauing our directions were not like to abuse or deceiue you and offered with due forwardnes and obedience after your vnfitting and dangerous delaies to haue published the same whereof I cannot but maruell and thinke you much to be blamed in so vndoubtfull a right and with directions receiued from those in authority to make such needlesse consultations and much more to offer violent resistance to those who better vnderstood their duties and were euer ready in so much loyalty to performe it yet in regard of your solemne and ioyfull publication thereof I am willing to interpret your actions to the best and take your good performance for an excuse But I am further giuen to vnderstand that you haue suffered the publike celebration of the Masse to be set vp in your City of your owne fancies and without publike authority both against the lawes of this Realme and I assure you contrary to that Religion which his Maiesty zealously professeth Whereof I cannot but take publike notice as you haue publikely offended the King and his Lawes and as I haue done before so againe I charge you vpon your alleagiance to desist from such seditious insolencies and to apprehend the chiefe Authours thereof which if you doe not presently obey I shall be forced against my will to vse his Maiesties Sword and Power to suppresse the same Further you haue by your letters made suit vnto me to haue the Kings Fort Halebolin committed to your custody and I am informed that you haue proceeded in that insolency as to stay his Maiesties Munition and victuals and Artillery which vpon speciall trust of your loyalty was kept in your City from being transported from thence to the reliefe of the Kings Fort. It may be you haue rashly and vnaduisedly done this vpon some opinion of the ceasing of authority in the publike gouernement vpon the death of our late Soueraigne which is somewhat more though no way in true and seuere iudgement excusable and I thinke otherwise you would neuer haue beene so foolish to runne into so great danger but since as it hath pleased his Maiesty to renue and confirme vnto me by his royall letters and Letters Pattents vnder his Scale the place of his Deputy in this Kingdome and to signifie his gracious pleasure to continue all other his Officers and Magistrates aswell martiall as ciuill in their former authority and iurisdictions so by vertue thereof and power giuen me from his Maiesty I haue renewed the Lord Presidents Pattent and granted a new commission to Sir Charles Wilmott and Sir George Thornton with charge and authority to gouerne the Kings Forces Forts and places of strength and to defeud the Townes from forraigne inuasions and intestine mutinics or rebellions and further to gouerne that Prouince according to his Maiesties directions In which command of theirs there is no derogation from your ciuill gouernement and limited authority if you rightly vnderstand the one and the other Therefore as you should at first haue concurred with them put in so great place of trust ouer you by your late Queene and Mistresse especially in dangerous times of change for the peaceable gouernement of all vnder both your charges that you might haue deserued his Maiesties gracious acceptance of your seruice by presenting all things in the best state you could to his Highnesse first view so now I require you vpon your allegiannce to be assisting and obedient to them in all things touching his Maiesties seruice and not to presume to interrupt the conuayance of the Kings victusls munition or artillery vnto such places as shall be thought fit by them for the furnishing of his Maicstics Forts or Forces wheresoeuer they thinke conuenient This if you shall performe I shall be glad to interpret your past actions to the best finding your endeauours to redeeme what you haue done amisse and not bee forced against my will to take notice of the height of your offences or errours and vse his Maiesties power to redresse them I haue since the writing hereof seene a letter presented me by Master Meade in deniall and excuse of these informations and if I shall find you conformable and obedient to these my directions I will be glad to haue occasion to interpret all things past in the better part and take as little notice as I can thereof And so c. The same day the Lord Deputy wrote this following letter to the Mayor of Lymricke AFter my hearty commendations I haue not written vnto you that I remember since I sent you directions for the Proclamation of the King which because I vnderstand you published according to your duety with all due solemnity and signes of ioy and continued in duetifull sort not being seduced vnto disorders as some of the Townes of that Prouince were I thought rather to haue cause to commend you and giue you encouragement in your loyall proceedings then any way to blame you but I haue since beene enformed that you haue taken example of other Cities seduced by their Priests and against his Maiesties Lawes and I assure you contrary to the religion he zealously professeth vpon your owne fancies without authority set vp the publike celebration of the Masse whereof I cannot but take publike notice as you hane publikely offended the King and his lawes and therefore I charge you vpon your alleagiance to desist from such seditious insolencies and to apprehend the chiefe authours thereof which if you doe not presently obey I shall be forced against my will to take more seuere notice thereof then willingly I would And so hoping that in a matter of so great consequence you will be better aduised I expect to haue answere from you The eight and twentieth day his Lordship wrote this following letter to the Commissioners of Mounster AFter my hearty commendations I haue already sent you your Commission renewed for continuance of your authority and signed the
Kings Letters Pattents to the Lord President for his gouernement and as formerly I aduised you so againe I pray you to transport as great a proportion of victuals and munition as you can out of the City of Corke into the Fort of Halebolyn and the Castle of Shandon and if you may by faire meanes you shall doe well to endeuour to draw some Companies into the Towne which if you cannot effect yet I would haue you not to slacke the carrying of victuals and munition I haue drawne together some 5000 men and shall be able to employ them in reducing and setling the Townes of those parts and if the Citizens of Corke vpon the renewing of your authority and my late directions proue more conformable then they were you shal doe well to gouerne all without violence but if they continue obstinate in their former insolencies I aduise you to set guards vpon the stores of victuals and munition and to leaue the Towne The same day his Lordship wrote this following letter to Sir Charles Wilmot one of the said Commissioners SIR Charles I haue receiued your letter of the twentieth of Aprill and am glad of the good successe you had in taking the Castles in Kerry and for your men of Corke I haue heard of their insolencies and I beleeue them and for any thing I know all the Townes in Mounster stand vpon little better tearmes Assoone as I could possibly for I had no Forces in all Lemster I haue gathered together 5000 men and am comming towards you and haue so disposed of all things in the North that if need be I will draw the whole Army of Ireland ere it be long into Mounster some few excepted to guard the garrisons With Waterford I thinke to beginne for they gaue the first example but it is true that if they hold against me I am ill prouided to force them for at Dublyn wee are ill stored of all things but we will doe aswell as we may I doe like your course well to draw as many as you can to one head and I thinke it fit that it were about Corke If your munition and victuals be in the power of the Towne I know not what to say but I haue first written to the Towne not to interrupt you in the disposing of the Kings munition and victuals and vpon my commandement if they denie it it is treason therefore I thinke they will be aduised therein If you may therefore as suddenly as you can conuay as great a proportion of victuals but especially and first of munition out of the Towne then I will command them to receiue you with such forces as you shall appoint into the Towne which if they denie it is treason too And if you haue any store out of the Towne and your Forces be gathered together and they continue obstinate it were good some little guard though it were but seuen or eight men were put into the Castles where the munition and victuals are and for all the rest of the English to with-draw themselues out of the Towne by little and little and then if they continue obstinate still in not receiuing the King Forces my desire is that you shall presently inuest the Towne which I presume may bee done with some 1000 men if you put two or 300 men into the Fort next to Kinsale gate which with so many men will be easily guardable and with the rest of your foote intrench neere to the gate next toward Shandon and with some 100 Horse beat the wayes When you are in this forwardnesse if you thinke this way feasable I will send you either more men if with those you haue you thinke not fit to engage the Cannon or if I be loose my selfe from being ingaged in any other place I will come to you but if Waterford hold out I shall for the time haue my hands full Let me heare from you at large of all things and in the meane time it is fit you put the best Arlillery you haue into Halebolin Fort. I haue sent this by one whom I thinke to be trusty and I pray you to send him backe speedily to me and to impart this proiect to as few as you thinke good Write to me how Lymricke and the other Cities doe stand And so c. The thirtieth day his Lordship receiued letters from the Mayor of Corcke and his brethren signifying that the Commissioners had by directions charged them to suffer his Maiesties Ministers to passe through their ports with eight and forty barrels of powder and leade and match proportionable to be brought from his Maiesties store in that City to the Fort of Halebolyn and that in regard they wondered so great a proportion should be carried to the Fort where no Artillery was yet planted especially the quantities formerly issued being not yet spent nor any seruice being in hand they fearing the Commissioners purposed to assault the Towne or at least to starue them were enforced thereby to make stay of the said munition till his Lord ps pleasure were further known renewing their suit to haue the custody of the Fort committed to the corporation That they did all they could to cause the mixed money of the new standard to passe currant but it was with such griefe losse to the poore town as they hoped his L p would be a means to his Maiesty for altering the same That they had receiued rebuke from his Lordship concerning certaine insolencies but could not call to mind any particular wherein they had offended the State except that be an offence after many abuses and wrongs done them to keepe watch and ward to preserue themselues and keepe the City for the Kings Maiesty in those doubtfull times as they tearmed them That touching the point of Religion they onely exercised now publikely that which euer before they had beene suffered to exercise priuately and as their publike praiers gaue publike testimony of their faithfull hearts to the Kings Royall Maiesty so they were tied to bee no lesse carefull to manifest their duties to almighty God in which they would neuer be dissembling temporisors Thus they foolishly rushed into apparant treason by making stay of the Kings munitions and presumed to excuse their mutinous and insolent establishing the publike exercise of the Romish Religion and that vpon their owne heads without any direction yea in opposition of publike authority The Lord Deputy now being ready to take his iourney for Mounster and purposing first to attempt Waterford wrote to the Maior thereof the first of May to this effect Because it seemes by your neglect of my directions and your impertinent answeres that you do not know or haue forgotten both my authority and your selues I thinke good to let you vnderstand that it hath pleased the most mighty Prince King Iames the first Our Soueraigne by his letters Pattents vnder his Great Seale of England to make me his Deputie and chiefe Gouernour vnder himselfe of this Kingdome and