next is the Lord Arundel of Warder and Count of the Empire Master of the Horse whose Salary is Then Her Majesties Secretary Sir John Winter The Treasurer Receiver General of Her Majesties Revenues Sir Henry Wood. Sir Thomas Bond Comptroller of the Houshold whose Salary is Sir Thomas Ork and divers other Officers of the Robes Four Gentlemen ushers of the Privy Chamber to each of which is 130 l. Salary per annum and diet Two Cupbearers two Carvers two Sewers two Gentlemen Ushers of the Presence Chamber Salary to each 120 l. and diet all these at a Table together Four Grooms of the Privy Chamber Salary 60 l. and diet Four Gentlemen ushers Quarter Waiters Salary 60 l. and diet Four Pages of the Presence Eight Grooms of the Great Chamber For guarding Her Majesties Person She hath first a Captain of her Guard the Earl of St. Albans A Lieutenant Monsieur de la Chapelle An Exempt of the Guards Monsieur Fremon 24 Gentlemen Soldiers in Black Velvet Cassocks and Golden embroidered Badges marching or waiting about the Person of Her Majesty when in Sedan or at Chappel or Table or Coach with two Horses on foot with Halberts and when in Coach and 6 Horses on Horseback with Carabins in all places within doors as without covered For to take care of Her Majesties Health There is one Physician and one Apothecary For to wait on Her Majesty in her Bed-Chamber There are first the Ladies of the Bed-Chamber the chief whereof is The Dutchess Dowager of Richmond Sister to the present Duke of Buckingham who is Groom of the Stole And the Countess of Newport Lady of the Chamber Of the Privy Chamber there are 4 Ladies all English Fee 150 l. each one they are at present the Lady Price the Lady Bond c. Women of the Bed-Chamber 8 or 9 partly French and partly English In the Laundry The Lady Sanderson is the Chief Laundress 1 Seamstress 1 Starcher In the Stable the Chief Query or Escuyer is Sir Edward Wingfield The many Officers in the Buttry Cellar Pantry Ewâ—y c. shall be for brevity passed over Her Majesty hath also 4 Coaches with 6 Horses each also 12 Footmen a Barge with 12 men in Liveries Moreover Pages of the Back Stairs 4 c. In the Chappel There is first the Lord Almoner Abbot Montague 800 l. per annum Father Lambart Confessor to Her Majesty a Frenchman 300 l. per annum Father Gough Priest of the Oratory Clerk of Her Majesties Private Chappel and Assistant to the Confessor an Englishman 200 l. per annum A Lay Brother of the Oratory 40 l. Besides these there is adjoyning to the Chappel a Convent of Capuchins wherein is a Father Guardian 7 other Priests and two Lay Brothers all French whose Office is to perform the Office of the Chappel daily also to preach on Sundayes and Holydayes and in Lent three dayes every Week for the maintenance of these Her Majesty allows 500 l. per annum Her Majesties Revenue is for her Joynture 30000 l. yearly and of His Majesty a Pension of 30000 l. more out of the Exchequer Divers other Offices belonging to Her Majesties Court as Master of Buck Hounds and Bows and Musick Master of the Queens Games The present State of the Court of his Royal Highness the Duke of York His Majesties only Brother according to the last Establishment STeward of the Houshold John Lord Berkley 800 l. Treasurer of the Houshold and Receiver of the Revenue Sir Alan Apsley his Fee 400 Marks or 266 l. 13 s. 4 d. Comptroller Sir Henry de Vic 266 l. 13 s. 4 d. Secretary Matthew Wren Esquire 200 l. Keeper of the Privy Purse Marquiss de Bland 100 l. Master of the Robes and Groom of the Bed-Chamber Edward Villiers Esquire 266 l. 13 s. 4 d. Seven other Grooms of the Bed-Chamber Richard Nicols Robert Worden Henry Killegrew Roger Vaughan Anthony Eyre Henry Howard Mr. Thynn now Resident in Swethland each 200 l. Belonging to his Royal Highness Cappel Almoner Doctor Henry Killegrew 100 l. Five Chaplains Dr. William Clark Dr. William Thomas Dr. Richard Watson Mr. Turner Mr. Doughty each 50 l. Sacristan 40 l. Keeper of the Closet 40 l. Gentleman-usher 80 l. Nine Gentlemen Waiters each 40 l. Yeoman of the Robes Mr. Lawrence du Puy 60 l. Brusher 40 l. Yeoman of the Wardrobe Philip Kinnersly 100 l. Two Barbers each 80 l. Four Pages of the Back Stairs each 80 l. A Governour of the Pages Two Grooms of the Privy-Chamber Two Grooms of the Presence A Fire-maker in the Presence Two Physitians Three Chirurgeons Two Apothecaries A Secretary of the Languages 100 l. A Gentleman Harbinger 50 l. besides Riding Charges 8 s. 4 d. per diem Semstress and Laundress to the Body Mrs du Puy 250 l. Laundress to the Table Mrs Katherine Atkinson 200 l. Yeoman of the Wine Cellar Mr. Tuke 70 l. Yeoman of the Beer Cellar Mr. Pierce 60 l. Yeoman of the Poultry and Larder 60 l. Yeoman of the Woodyard and Skullery 50 l. Of the Pantry and Ewry 50 l. Porter 50 l. Keeper of the Armory 50 l. Trumpeter 30 l. Necessary Woman 40 l. Chamber-Keeper to the Maids Bottleman Two Clerks to the Commissioners Messenger to the Commissioners 71 l. 18 s. 4 d. Door-Keeper to the Commissioners Clerk of the Kitchin 50 l. Master Cook 40 l. Second Cook 30 l. Three Turn-broaches each 18 l. 5 s. Two Scowrers each 18 l. 5 s. Pan-keeper Porter of the Kitchin Porter of the Back-Stairs Cole-Carrier Porter at Whitehall Gardiner Officers of his Highnesses Revenue Attourney General Sir Edward Turner 40 l. Solliciter General Sir Edward Thurland 40 l. Solliciter Charles Porten Esquire 40 l. Auditor General Thomas Holder Esquire 180 l. Assistant to the Auditor Henry Thwaits Messenger to the Revenue Mr. Dutton 71 l. 18 s. 4 d. Officers of the Admiralty Sir William Turner Mr. David Bud. Seven Huntsmen of the Buck-hounds Six Huntsmen of the Fox-hounds Teacher of the Setting Dogs Dancing Master Fencing Master Master of the Barges Twenty four Watermen Pensioners Officers and Servants in his Highnesses Stable Henry Jermin Esquire Master of the Horse 266 l. 13 s. 4 d. Three Escuyries each 100 l. Clerk of the Stables 60 l. Surveyor of the Stable 40 l. Yeoman Rider 80 l. Governour of the Pages 78 l. Six Pages each 52 l. Fourteen Foot-men each 39 l. Fifteen Grooms each 32 l. 10 s. Three Coachmen each 78 l. For themselves 3 Postillions and 3 Helpers Besides Linnen Stockings and Liveries twice a year Two Sumpter men each 26 l. Three Muleters each 26 l. Porter of the Stables 32 l. 10 s. Officers and Servants belonging to Her Royal Highness the Dutchess GRroom of the Stole Countess of Rochester 400 l. Lady of the Bed-Chamber Countess of Peterborough 200 l. Four Maids of Honour Mrs. Arabella Churchil 20 l. Mrs. Dorothy Howard 20 l. Mrs. Anne Ogle 20 l. Mrs Mary Blague 20 l. Mother of the Maids Mrs. Lucy
ever since thâ— Conquest in the Kings of England to the great honour anâ— benefit of the King and Kingâ—dom though some abuseâ— made some of the people out 〈◊〉 love with their good and thâ— Right of that part of his juâ—â— Prerogative The King by his Prerogative is Ultimus Haeres Regni and is as the Great Ocean is 〈◊〉 all Rivers the receptacle of aâ— Estates when no Heir appears for this cause all Estates foâ— want of Heirs or by forfeiture revert or escheat to the King All spiritual Benefices for want of Presentation by the Bishop is lapsed at last to the King all Treasure Trove that is Money Gold Silver Plate or Bullion found and the Owner unknown belongs to the King so all Wayfs Strays Wrecks not granted away by him or any former Kings all Wast ground or Land recovered from the Sea all Lands of Aliens dying before Naturalization or Denization and all things whereof the property is not known All Gold and Silver Mines in whosoever ground they are found Royal Fishes â—s Whales Sturgeons Dolphins c. Royal Fowl as Swans not markt and swimming at liberty on the River belong to the King In the Church the Kings Prerogative and Power is extraordinary great He only hath the Patronage of all Bishopricks none can be chosen but by his Conged ' Estier whom he hath first nominated none can be consecrated Bishop or take possession of the Revenues of the Bishoprick without the Kings special Writ or Assent He is the Guardian or Nursing Father of the Church which our Kings of England did so reckon amongst their principal cares as in the 23th year of King Edward the First it was alledged in a pleading and allowed The King hath power to call a National or Provincial Synod and by Commissioners or by his Metropolitanes in their several Jurisdictions to make Canons Orders Ordinances and Constitutions to introduce into the Church what Ceremonies he shall think fit reform and correct all Heresies Schismes and punish Contempts c. and therein and thereby to declare what Doctrines in the Church are fit to be publisht or professed what Translation of the Bible to be allowed what Books of the Bible are Canonical and what Apocryphal c. In 28 of Eliz. when the House of Commons would have passed Bills touching Bishops granting Faculties conferring Holy Orders Ecclesiastical Censures the Oath Ex Officio Non Residency c. the Queen much incensed forbad them to meddle in any Ecclesiastical Affairs for that it belonged to her Prerogative c. The King hath power to pardon the violation of Ecclesiastical Laws or to abrogate such as are unfitting or useless to dispense with the Rigour of Ecclesiastical Laws and with any thing that is only prohibitum malum per accidens non malum in se as for a Bastard to be a Priest for a Priest to hold two Benefices or to succeed his Father in a Benefice or to be Non Resident c. Hath power to dispense with some Acts of Parliament Penal Statutes by Non Obstantes where himself is only concerned to moderate the rigor of the Laws according to Equity and Conscience to alter or suspend any particular Law that he judgeth hurtful to the Commonwealth to grant special Priviledges and Charters to any Subject to pardon a man by Law condemned to interpret by his Judges Statutes and in Cases not defined by Law to determine and pass Sentence And this is that Royal Prerogative which in the hand of a King is a Scepter of Gold but in the hands of Subjects is a Rod of Iron This is that Jus Coronae a Law that is parcel of the Law of the Land part of the Common Law and contained in it and hath the precedence of all Laws and Customs of England and therefore void in Law is every Custom quae exaltat se in Praerogativam Regis Some of these Prerogatives especially those that relate to Justice and Peace are so essential to Royalty that they are for ever inherent in the Crown and make the Crown they are like the Sun-beams in the Sun and as inseparable from it and therefore it is held by great Lawyers that a Prerogative in point of Government cannot be restrained or bound by Act of Parliament but is as unalterable as the Laws of the Medes and Persians wherefore the Lords and Commons Rot. Parl. 42. Edw. 3. num 7. declared that they could not assent in Parliament to any thing that tended to the disherison of the King and the Crown whereunto they were sworn no though the King should desire it and every King of England as he is Debitor Justitiae to his people so is he in conscience obliged to defend and maintain all the Rights of the Crown in possession and to endeavour the recovery of those whereof the Crown hath been dispossest and when any King hath not religiously observed his duty in this point it hath proved of very dreadful consequence as the first fatal blow to the Church of England was given when Hen. 8. waving his own Royal Prerogative referred the redress of the Church to the House of Commons as the Lord Herbert observes Hist Hen. 8. So the greatest blow that ever was given to Church and State was when the late King parting with his absolute Power of dissolving Parliaments gave it though only pro illâ— vice to the Two Houses of Parliament And indeed it greatly concerns all Subjects though it seem a Paradox to be far more solicitous that the King should maintain and defend his own Prerogative and Preeminence than their Rights and Liberties the truth whereof will appear to any man that sadly considers the mischiefs and inconveniencies that necessarily follow the diminution of the Kings Prerogative above all that can be occasioned by some particular infringements of the Peoples Liberties As on the other side it much concerns every King of England to be very careful of the Subjects just Liberties according to that Golden Rule of the best of Kings Charles I That the Kings Prerogative is to defend the Peoples Liberties and the Peoples Liberties strengthen the Kings Prerogative Whatsoever things are proper to Supreme Magistrates as Crowns Scepters Purple Râ—be Golden Globe and Holy Unction have as long appertained to the King of England as to any other Prince in Europe He holdeth not his Kingdom in Vassallage nor receiveth his Investiture or Installment from another Acknowledgeth no Superiority to any but God only Not to the Emperour for Omnem Potestatem habet Rex Angliae in Regno suo quam Imperator vendicat in Imperio and therefore the Crown of England hath been declared in Parliaments long ago to be an Imperial Crown and the King to be an Emperour of England and Ireland and might wear an Imperial Crown although he choseth rather to wear a Triumphant Crown such as was anciently worn by the Emperours of Rome and that because his Predecessors have triumpht not only over Five
under him against the French King then leagued with the English Rebels against Spain where his Magnanimity and Dexterity in Martial Affairs though unsuccessful were very eminent In the year 1660 came over with the King into England and being Lord High Admiral in the year 1665 in the War against the Vnited States of the Netherlands commanded in person the whole Royal Navy on the Seas between England and Holland where with incomparable valour and extraordinary hazard of his own Royal Person after a most sharp dispute he obtained a Signal Victory over the whole Dutch Fleet commanded by Admiral Opdam who perisht with his own and many more Ships in that Fight He married Anne the eldest Daughter of Edward Earl of Clarendon late Lord High Chancellour of England by whom he hath had a numerous issue whereof are living first the Lady Mary born 30 April 1662 whose Godfather was Prince Rupert and Godmothers the Dutchesses of Buckingham and Ormond Secondly the Lady Anne born in Febr. 1664 whose Godfather was Gilbert Lord Archbishop of Canterbury her Godmothers were the young Lady Mary her Sister and the Dutchess of Monmouth She is lately for her health transported into France Thirdly 15 Sept. 1667 was born Edgar lately created Duke of Cambridge by Letters Patents under the Great Seal of England whose Godfathers were the Duke of Albemarle and the Marquiss of Worcester his Godmother the Countess of Suffolk The Titles of his Royal Highness are Duke of York and Albany Earl of Ulster Lord High Admiral of England Ireland and all Foreign Plantations Constable of Dover Castle Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports Governour of Portsmouth c. Of the Prince of Orenge NExt to the Duke of York and his Issue is William of Nassau Prince of Orenge only Issue of the lately deceased Princess Royal Mary eldest Daughter to King Charles the First and wedded 1641 to William of Nassau Commander in Chief of all the Forces of the States General both by Land and by Sea His Highness the present Prince was born 9 dayes after his Fathers death on the 14th Novemb. 1650 had for Godfathers the Lords States General of Holland and Zealand and the Cities of Delft Leyden and Amsterdam His Governess was the Lady Stanhop then wife to the Heer van Hemvliet At 8 years of age was sent to the University of Leyden His Revenue is about 60000 l. Sterling besides Military Advantages enjoyed by his Father and Ancestors which amounted yearly to about 30000 l. Sterling more He is a Prince in whom the high and princely qualities of his Ancestors already appear Of the Princess Henretta THe next Heir after the fore-named to the English Crown is the Princess Henretta only Sister living to the present King of England She was born the 16th of June 1644 at Exeter during the heat of the late Rebellion after the surrender of Exeter conveyed to Oxford and thence 1646 to London whence with her Governess the Lady Dalkieth she escaped into France was there educated as became her high Birth and Quality but being left wholly to the care and maintenance of the Queen her Mother at Paris embraced the Romish Religion At the age of 16 years came with the Queen Mother into England and 6 moneths after returning into France was married to the only Brother of the French King the Illustrious Prince Philip then Duke of Anjou till the death of his Uncle and now Duke of Orleans whose Revenue is 1100000 Livres Tournois besides his Appanage not yet setled Her Portion was 40000 l. Sterling her Joynture to be the same with the present Dutchess Dowager of Orleans This Princess hath issue one Daughter if she hath a Son the French King allows him 50000 Crowns yearly and the Appanage after the death of the present Duke reverts to the Crown Of the Prince Elector Palatine THere being left alive no more of the Off-spring of King Charles the First the next Heirs of the Crown of England are the Issue and Descendants of Elizabeth late Queen of Bohemia only Sister to the said King who was married to Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine afterwards stiled King of Bohemia whose eldest Son living is Charles Lodowick Prince Elector Palatine of the Rhine commonly called the Palsgrave from the High Dutch pfaltzgraff Palatii Comes was born the the 22th December 1617 at Heydelberg and afterwards in Holland at the Hague and at the University of Leyden was educated in a Princely manner At the age of 18 years came into England was created Knight of the Garter about two years after fought a Battel in Westphalia In the year 1637 passing incognito thorow France to take possession of Brisach upon the Rhine which the Duke Saxon Weymar intended to deliver up unto him together with the Command of his Army he was by that quick-sighted Cardinal Richlieu discovered at Moulins and thence sent back Prisoner to the Bois de Vincennes whence after 23 weeks imprisonment he was by the mediation of the King of England set at liberty In the year 1643 he came again into England and with the Kings secret consent because the King could not continue unto him the wonted Pension whilst the Rebels possest the greatest part of his Majesties Revenues made his Addresses to and abode with the disloyal part of the Lords and Commons at Westminster until the Murder of the said King and the Restauration of the Lower Palatinat according to the famous Treaty at Munster for which he was constrained to quit all his right to the Upper Palatinat and accept of an Eighth Electorship at a juncture of time when the King of England had he not been engaged at home by an impious Rebellion had been the most considerable of all other at that Treaty and this Prince his Nephew would have had the greatest advantages there In 1650 he espoused the Lady Charlotte Daughter to the Landgrave of Hessen by which Lady he hath one Son named Charles aged about 16 and one Daughter aged about 14. Of Prince Rupert NExt to the Issue of the Prince Elector Palatin is Prince Rupert born at Prague 27 Novemb. 1619 not long before that very unfortunate Battel there fought whereby not only all Bohemia was lost but the Palatin Family was for almost 30 years dispossest of all their Possessions in Germany At 13 years of age he marcht with the then Prince of Orenge to the Siege of Rhineberg afterwards in England was created Knight of the Garter At the age of 18 he commanded a Regiment of Horse in the German Wars and in a Battel being taken by the Imperialists under the Command of Count Hatzfield he continued a prisoner above three years In 1642 returning into England and made General of the Horse to the King fights and defeats Collonel Sands near Worcester routed the Rebels Horse at Edge-hill took Cirencester recovered Lichfield and Bristol raised the long Siege before Latham House fought the great Battel at Marston Moor was created Earl of Holderness and
Wise Four Dressers Mrs. Katherine Eliot 200 l. Mrs. Margaret Dawson 150 l. Mrs. Lelis Cranmer 150 l. Lady Apsley 150 l. Starcher Mrs. Mary Roche 120 l. Semstress Mrs. Ellen Green 80 l. Laundress Mrs. Mary Cowerd 250 l. Lace Mender Secretary to her Highness Sir Phil. Froud 100 l. Two Gentlemen Ushers each 80 l. Six Gentlemen Waiters whereof one hath 100 l. The other five each 40 l. Four Pages of the Back-Stairs each 80 l. Yeoman of the Mouth 50 l. Tayler 90 l. Shoomaker 36 l. 10 s. Master Cook 40 l. Necessary Woman 40 l. Eighteen Watermen each 2 l. Master of the Horse to the Dutchess is Sir Richard Powle 266 l. 13 s. 4 d. Two Escuyries each 100 l. Four Pages each 52 l. Eight Footmen each 39 l. Four Coachmen each 78 l. for themselves Postillions and helpers Five Grooms each 32 l. 10 s. Two Chairmen each 39 l. Officers and Servants to the Duke of Cambridge GOverness Lady Francis Villiers 400 l. Under-Governess Mrs. Mary Kilbert 150 l. Wet Nurse 80 l. Dry Nurse 80 l. Tutor of the French Tongue Monsieur Lesne 100 l. Three Rockers each 70 l. Laundress to the Body 60 l. Semstress Laundress to the Table Page of the Back-Stairs 60 l. Necessary Woman 50 l. Cook 38 l. 5. s. Musitian 31 l. 4 s. Two Pages to the Duke of Cambridge each 52 l. Four Footmen One Groom One Coachman Postillion and Helper Officers and Servants belonging to the Lady Mary TWo Dressers Mrs. Anne Walsingham 80 l. Mrs. Mary Langford 80 l. Roâ—ker Mrs. Jane Leigh 70 l. Semstress Laundress Mrs. Elizabeth Brooks 90 l. Page of the Back-Stairs 60 l. Dancing-Master 200 l. Singing-Master 100 l. Servants to the Lady Anne DResser Three Rockers Semstress Page of the Back-Stairs Necessary Woman His Royal Highness upon all occasions when he goes abroad without the King hath for his particular Guard a Gallant Troop of Horse commanded by Monsieur de Blancfort Of the Three States of England ALl the Subjects of England are divided into Clergy and Laity The Laity sub-divided into Nobility and Commonalty These are called Ordines Regni or the Three States and first of the Clergy As Heaven is more honourable than Earth the Soul than the Body so is the Spiritual Function more excellent than the Civil and the Sacerdotal Dignity higher than the Secular and therefore in England the Clergy caeteris paribus hath ever had according to the practice of all other Civilized Nations since the World began the preference and precedence of the Laity and hath in all times been reputed the First of the Three States The Clergy so called because they are Gods 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Portion For although all Christians may be stiled Gods Portion as well as Gods Servants yet amongst Christians those Persons whom God hath set apart and separated from common use to his Service to be as it were his Domestick Servants are more peculiarly the Lords Portion and therefore from the first Age of Christianity the Persons so set apart have been called Clerici Clerks As in the State so in the Church the Laws and Constitutions of England would not that there should be a parity and equality of all persons Quippe in Ecclesia nihil magis inaequale quam aequalitas And therefore in conformity to the first Times and Places of Establisht Christianity so soon as the Christian Faith was by Authority received in England one of the Clergy was in every City ordained a Bishop who hath to avoid Confusion which usually springs from equality a pre-eminence over the rest of the Clergy within certain Precincts Afterwards the Bishops being necessitated to meet about Publick Affairs of the Church as Consecrations Consultations for remedy of general disorders for Audiences Judicial when the actions of any Bishop should be called in question or Appeals from Bishops c. It seemed requisite to our Ancestors according to other Christian Churches ever since the first Nicene Council to have amongst a certain number of Bishops one to be chiefest in Authority over the rest fâ—om thence named Archiepiscopus Arch or Chief Bishop For easing the Bishop of some part of his burthen as the number of Christians waxed great or the Diocess was large there were ordained in the Primitive Times Chorepiscopi Suffragan or Subsidiary Bishops Accordingly in the English Church of a long time there have been such ordained by the name of Bishops Suffragans or Titular Bishops who have the Name Title Stile and Dignity of Bishops and as other Bishops are consecrated by the Archbishop of the Province each one to execute such Power Jurisdiction and Authority and receive such Profits as is limited in his Commission by the Bishop or Diocesan whose Suffragan he is For a Supply of able and fit Persons to assist Bishops or to be made Bishops it seemed good to Reverend Antiquity that in every Diocess a certain number of the more prudent and pious Pastors should be placed in a Collegiate manner at every Cathedral or Episcopal See where they might not only be ready to assist the Bishop in certain weighty Cases but also fit themselves by gaining experience and loosing by little and little their former familiarity with the inferiour Countrey Clergy for Government and Authority in the Church Accordingly in every Cathedral Church in England there are a certain number of Prebendaries or Canons and over them a Dean in Latine Decanus from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because antiently set over ten Canons at the least who is sometime stiled Alter Episcopi Oculus the other being the Archdeacon who though a Presbyter himself is so named for his Charge over the Deacons who are to be guided and directed by him under the Bishop Next is the Rural Dean who was antiently called Arcbipresbyter and had the guidance and direction of the Presbyters In the last place are the Pastors of every Parish who are called Rectors unless the Predial Tythes be impropriated and then they are called Vicars quasi vice fungentes Rectorum In England are 2 Archbishops 24 Bishops no Suffragan Bishops at present 26 Deans of Cathedrals and Collegiate Churches 60 Archdeacons 544 Prebendaries many Rural Deans and about 9700 Rectors and Vicars besides Curates who for certain Stipends assist such Rectors and Vicars that have the care of more Churches than one These if it be considered of what great Learning and Abilities they are what great Authority and Sway they usually bear over the Laity to incline â—ead and draw them what great Priviledges and Immunities they do or ought to enjoy and how much means they possess may well be reputed as in all times they have been in all other States the first Member of the Three Estates of England It hath been provided not without singular wisdom that as the ordinary course of common affairs is disposed of by general Laws so likewise mens rarer incident Necessities and Utilities should be
are to be tryâ—d by their Peers who are Baâ—ns and none under notâ—ithstanding the late conceit of â—ome Lawyers that because Bishops may not be on the Criminal Trial of a Peer thereâ—ore are not to be tried by â—eers for so neither may Bishops be tried by a Common â—ury Because they may not â—e on the Trial of such men Moreover Noble-women may â—ot be on the Trial of Peers â—nd yet they are to be tried by Peers of the Realm And there is no Legal Precedent 〈◊〉 England of a Bishop remaining a Bishop that ever was tried for his life but by Peers of thâ— Realm Antiently indeed Bishops were so ecempted as noâ— at all to be tried by Temporâ—â— Judges till after deprivatioâ— and degradation and then being thereby rendred no Peers but common Persons theâ— might be tried by Common Juries Since the Reformation thâ— English Protestant Bishopâ— have been so constantly loyaâ— and true to the Crown 〈◊〉 which they are so much mâ—ligned by Non-Conformists and so free from all Capitaâ— Crimes that there is yet 〈◊〉 Precedent in England for theiâ— manner of Trial for Life A◠〈◊〉 that Common Assertion â—hat no Lords of Parliament 〈◊〉 to be tried by their Peers 〈◊〉 such as sit there Ratione â—obilitatis and that all Lay â—ords have place in Parliament 〈◊〉 that reason it is not onâ—â— false but frivolous in the â—â—dgement of very many judiâ—â—ous men And indeed how â—â—urd and unreasonable must it â—â—eds be let all men judge â—â—at an Archbishop of Canterâ—â—ry who is by all acknowâ—â—dged to be Primus Par Regâ—â— should be tried by a Comâ—on Jury of Freeholders â—â—en as the meanest Lay Baâ—â— though created but yeâ—â—â—rday may not be tried by aâ—â— under Barons In Parliament Bishops as Baâ—â—as may be present and vote at the Trial and Arraignment 〈◊〉 a Peer of the Realm only bâ—fore Sentence of Death or loâ—â— of Member be pronounced that they may have no hand 〈◊〉 blood no hand in destroying but only in saving they havâ— by Canon Law the Priviledâ—â— and Injunction to absent themselves and by Common Laâ— to make Proxies to vote for them Primo Eliz. cap. 2. It is expresly declared that all Lords 〈◊〉 Parliament without any exception of Lords Spiritual 〈◊〉 should be tried in that particular by their Peers The Bishops of England enjoy at this day many other Priviledges as freedom from Arrests Outlawries Distress pâ—â— Equitaturam or in a Journey Liberty to hunt in any of the Kings Forrests or Parks to kill one or two Deer going from or coming to the King upon his Order The Persons of Bishops may not be seised upon Contempt as the Persons of Lay Lords but their Temporalities only may be seised Every Bishop may by Statute Law qualifie as many Chaplains as a Duke viz. six The Laws of England attributeth so very much to the Word of a Bishop that not only in the Trial of Bastardy the Bishops Certificate shall suffice but also in Trial of Heresie which toucheth a mans Life upon the Bishops bare Certificate that any hath been convicted before him of Heresie the Secular Power puts him to death without any trial by his Peers The Persons the Spiritual Governours of the Church of England are of such high and tender respect in the eye of the Law that it is thought fit to exact the same respect from a Clergyman to his Bishop or Ordinary as from a Child to his Father and therefore made the Offences of Parricide and Episcopicide equal viz. both Petty Treason Next to the two Archbishops of England the Bishop of London amongst all the Bishops hath the pre-eminence Episcopus Londinensis saith an ancient Record speciali quadam Dignitate caeteris anteponendus quia Ecclesiae Cantuariensis Decanus est Provincialis Being Bishop over the Imperial and Capital City of England it is by a Statute of later times expresly provided that he should have the preference and precedence of all the Bishops of England whereby he is become as heretofore the Lord Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem Primus Baro Regni as the Lord Abergavenny is Primus Baronum Laicorum Next amongst those of the Episcopal Colledge is the Bishop of Durham within the Province of York who hath been a Count Palatine 6 or 700 years wherefore the Common Seal of the Bishoprick hath been of a long time an Armed Knight holding in one hand a naked Sword and in the other a Church In the fifth place by vertue of the fore-mentioned Statute is the Bishop of Winchester reputed antiently Earl of Southampton and so stiled in the Statutes of the Honourable Order of the Garter by Hen. 8. though soon after that Earldome was otherwise disposed of After these afore-named all the other Bishops take place according to the Seniority of their Consecration unless any Bishop happen to be made Lord Chancellour Treasurer Privy Seal or Secretary of State which antiently was very usual as reputed for their Piety Learning Single Life Diligence c. far more fit for the Advantage and Service of the King and Kingdome than any Laymen and in such case a Bishop being Lord Chancellour had place next to the Archbishop of Canterbury and above the Archbishop of York and being Secretary of State had place next to the Bishop of Winchester All the Bishops of England now living take place as they are ranked in this following Catalogue Dr. Gilbert Sheldon Lord Archbishop of Canterbury consecrated Bishop of London 1660 and translated to Canterbury 1663. Dr. Richard Stern Lord Archbishop of York consecrated Bishop of Carlile 1660 and translated to York 1664. Dr. Humphrey Henchman Lord Bishop of London consecrated Bishop of Salisbury 1660 and translated to London 1663. Dr. John Cosens consecrated Bishop of Durham 1660. Dr. George Morley consecrated Bishop of Worcester 1660 and translated to Winchester 1662. Dr. William Piers Bishop of Bath and Wells consecrated 1632. Dr. Robert Skinner consecrated Bishop of Bristol 1636 then translated to Oxford 1640 and lastly to Worcester 1663. Dr. Henry King Lord Bishop of Chichester consecrated 1641. Dr. William Lucy Lord Bishop of St. Davids consecrated 1660. Dr. Benjamin Laney Lord Bishop of Ely consecrated 1660 Bishop of Peterborough thence translated to Lincoln 1663 lastly to Ely 1667. Dr. Gilbert Ironside Bishop of Bristol consecrated 1660. Dr. Edward Reynolds consecrated 1660 Bishop of Norwich he is also Abbot of St. Bennet de Hulmo the sole Abbot now remaing in England Dr. William Nicolson consecrated Bishop of Glocester 1660. Dr. John Hacket consecrated Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield 1661. Dr. Seth Ward consecrated Bishop of Exeter 1661 translated to Salisbury 1667. Dr. Herbert Crofts consecrated Bishop of Hereford 1661. Dr. Henshaw consecrated Bishop of Peterborough 1663. Dr. Rainbow consecrated Bishop of Carlile 1664. Dr. Blandford consecrated Bishop of Oxford 1665. Dr. Dolben Bishop of Rochester consecrated 1666. Dr. Davis Bishop of Landaff consecrated 1667. Dr. Fuller consecrated Bishop of Lincoln 1667. Dr.
to E. Chamberlayn she writes her self Susanna Clifford Chamberlayn Notwithstanding all which their condition de facto is the best in the World for such is the good nature of Englishmen towards their Wives such is their tenderness and respect giving them the uppermost place at Table and elsewhere the right hand every where and putting them upon no drudgery and hardship that if there were a Bridge over into England as aforesaid it is thought all the Women in Europe would run thither Besides in some things the Laws of England are above other Nations so favourable to that Sex as if the Women had voted at the making of them If a Wife bring forth a Child during her Husbands absence though it be for some years within England and not beyond the Seas that Husband must father that Child If a Wife bring forth a Child begotten by any other before Marriage yet the present Husband must own the Child and that Child shall be his Heir at Law The Wife after her Husbands death may challenge the third part of his yearly Rents of Lands during her life and within the City of London a third part of all her Husbands moveables for ever As the Wife doth participate of her Husband Name so likewise of his Condition If he be a Duke she is a Dutchess if he be a night she is a Lady if he be an Alien made a Denison she is ipso facto so too If a Freeman marry a Bondwoman she is also free during the Coverture wherefore it is said as before Uocor fulget radiis Mariti All Women in England are comprised under Noble or Ignoble Noble Women are so three manner of wayes viz. by Creation by Descent and by Marriage The King the Fountain of Honour may and oft hath created Women to be Baronesses Countesses Dutchesses c. By Descent such Women are Noble to whom Lands holden by such Dignity do descend aâ— Heir for Dignities and Titles of Honour for want of Males descend to Females but to one of them onely because they are things in their own nature entire and not to be divided amongst many as the Lands and Tenements are which descend to all the Daughters equally besides by dividing Dignities the Reputation of Honour would be lost and the Strength of the Realm impaired for the Honour and Chevalry of the Realm doth chiefly consist in the Nobility thereof By Marriage all Women are Noble who take to their Husbands any Baron or Peer of the Realm but if afterwards they 〈◊〉 to Men not Noble they 〈◊〉 their former Dignity and follow the condition of their laâ—â— Husband for eodem modo distolvitur earum Nobilitas quo constituitur But Women Noble by Creation or Descent or Birthright remain Noble though they marry Husbands under their Degree for such Nobility is accounted Character indelebilis Here note that by the Courtesie of England a Woman Noble only by Marriage alwayes retaineth her Nobility but if the Kings Daughter marry a Duke or an Earl illa semper dicitur Regalis as well by Law as Courtesie Noble women in the Eye of the Law are as Peers of the Realm and are to be tried by their Peers and to enjoy most other Priviledges Honour and Respect as their Husbands Only they cannot by the opinion of some great Lawyers maintain an Action upon the Statute De Scandalo Magnatum the Makers of that Statute meaning only to provide in that Case for the Great Men and not for the Women as the words of that Statute seem to import Likewise if any of the Kings Servants within his Check Roll should conspice the death of any Noblewoman this were not Felony as it is if like Conspiracy be against a Nobleman None of the Wives Dignities can come by Marriage to their Husbands although all their Goods and Chattels do onely the Wives Lands are to descend to her next Heir yet is the Courtesie of England such that as the Wife for her Dower hath the third part of her Husbands Lands during her life so the Husband for the Dignity of his Sex and for playing the Man in begetting his Wife with Child which must appear by being born alive shall have all his Wives Lands for his Dower if it may be so called during his life By the Constitutions of England married persons are so fast joyned that they may not be wholly separated by any agreement between themselves but only by Sentence of the Judge and such separation is either a Vinculo Matrimonii and that is ob praecontractum vel ob contractum per metum effectum vel ob frigiditatem vel ob affinitatem sive Censanguinitatem vel ob Saevitiam or else such separation is a Mensa Thoro and that is ob Adulterium The Wife in England is accounted so much one with her Husband that she caunot be produced as a witness for or against her Husband Concerning Children in England The Condition of Children in England is different from those in our Neighbour Countries As Husbands have a more absolute Authority over their Wives and their Estates so Fathers have a more absolute Authority over their Children Fathers may give all their Estates from their own Children and all to any one Child and none to the rest the consideration whereof keeps the Children in great awe Children by the Common Law of England are at certain ages enabled to perform certain Acts. A Son at the age of 14 may choose his Guardian may claim his Lands holden in Socage may consent to Marriage may by Will dispose of Goods and Chattels At the age of 15 he ought to be sworn to his Allegeance to the King At 21 he is said to be of full age may then make any Contracts may pass not only Goods but Lands by Will which in other Countries may not be done till the Annus consistentiae the age of 25 when the heat of youth is somewhat abated and they begin to be staied in mind as well as in growth A Daughter at 7 years is to have aid of her Fathers Tenants to marry her for at those years she may consent to Marriage though she may afterwards dissent At 9 she is dowable as if then or soon after she could virum sustinere and thereby Dotem promereri At 12 she is enabled to ratifie and confirm her former consent given to Matrimony and if at that age she dissent not she is bound for ever she may then make a Will of Goods and Chattels At 14 she may receive her Lands into her own hands and is then out of Wardship if she be 14 at the death of her Ancestor At 16 though at the death of her Ancestor she was under 14 she shall be out of Wardship because then she may take a Husband who may be able to perform Knights-service as well as hers At 21 she is enabled to contract or alienate her Lands by Will or otherwise The Eldest Son inherits all Lands and to the younger Children are disposed Goods and Chattels and commonly the Eldest Sons Wives Portion and besides they are carefully educated in some Profession or Trade If there be no Son the Lands as well as Goods are equally divided amongst the Daughters Concerning Servants in England The Condition of Servants in England is much more favourable than it was in our Ancestors dayes when it was so bad that England was called the Purgatory of Servants as it was and is still the Paradise of Wives and the Hell for Horses Ordinary Servants are hired commonly for one year at the end whereof they may be free giving warning 3 Moneths before and may place themselves with other Masters only it is accounted discourteous and unfriendly to take another Mans Servant before leave given by his former Master and indiscreet to take a Servant without a Certificate of his diligence and of his faithfulness in his Service to his former Master All Servants are subject to be corrected by their Masters and Mistresses and resistance in a Servant is punisht with severe penalty but for a Servant to take away the life of his or her Master or Mistris is accounted a Crime next to High Treason and called Petty Treason and hath a peculiar Punishment Capital Slaves in England are none since Christianity prevailed A Slave brought into England is upon landing ipso facto free from Slavery but not from ordinary service Some Lands in England are holden in Villanage to do some particular Services to the Lord of the Mannor and such Tenants may be called the Lords Servants There is a Twofold Tenure called Villanage one where the Tenure only is servile as to plow the Lords ground sow reap and bring home his Corn dung his Land c. the other whereby both Person and Tenure is servile and bound in all respects at the disposition of the Lord such persons are called in Law pure Villans and are to do all Villanous Services to improve the Land he holds to the Lords use themselves to be wholly at the Lords Service and whatever they get is for their Lord of such there are now but few left in England The nearest to this condition are Apprentices that signifies Learuers a sort of Servants that carry the Marks of pure Villans or Bond-slaves as before in the Chapter of Gentry is intimated differing however in this that Apprentices are Slaves only for a time and by Covenant the other are so at the Will of their Masters FINIS Name Climat Dimensions Aire Soyle Comâ—odities Inhabitants Their Language Stature Dyet Attire Buildings Number of Inhabitants Dispositions and humours of the Inhabitants Recreations Weights and Measures Measures Moneys English Coâ—â—â—tation English Numbring English Names Surnamesâ— Name Title Arms. Patrimony Dominions Person Office Power and Prerogative Supremacy and Soveraignty Divinity Respect Minor â—capaâ—ty Absence â—â—me â—erogaâ—es Dignity Eldest Son Title Arms. Dignity Priviledges Revenues Cadets Name Surname Genealogy Birth Baptisme Court Education Marriage Arms. Lord Chancellour Dignity Office Oath Salary Lord Treasurer Oath Office Lord Privy Seal Dignity Admiral Office Chamberlain Constable Earl Marshal High Steward Clergy their Dignity Name Degrees Bishop Archbishop Suffragan Bishop Dean Archdeacon Priviledges of the Clergy Archbishop Canterbury York don Revenues of the Clergy Name Use Degrees Duke Marquisâ— Earl Vicount Baron Priviledges Precedence State Marquiss Earl Vicount Baron Number Revenue Baronets Knights Knights of the Garter Knights Bannerets Knights of the Bath Knights Bachelors Gentleman