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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A41429	The Royal College of Physicians of London, founded and established by law as appears by letters patents, acts of Parliament, adjudged cases, &c. : and An historical account of the College's proceedings against empiricks and unlicensed practisers, in every princes reign from their first incorporation to the murther of the royal martyr, King Charles the First / by Charles Goodall ...	Goodall, Charles, 1642-1712.	1684 (1684)	Wing G1091; ESTC R8914	319,602	530

both by Physicians and Patients upon which account he procured the following Letter from the Earl of Exeter To my very loving friends the President and Censors of the College of Physicians Good Mr. President I Have had almost 20 years experience of the civil carriage honesty and sufficiency of my servant John Reeve Apothecary and am confident that in all affairs of his vocation he hath as skilfully carefully and legally demeaned himself as any of his Profession whatsoever Neverthelesse I understand that at sundry times since May last he hath been molested with Messengers from you and the Censors to make his appearance personally before you when by reason of his great sicknesse my self was deprived of his desired attendance in my service and well might you in such case have spared him also But I conceive that the false information of malitious persons against him and the Messengers fond hopes to enforce unnecessary fees from him was the cause of his molestation His service is of such consequence and esteeme with me that he is daily and hourly upon every notice to attend me and I may not want him being well assured of his honest and fair demeanour as well in the affairs of his profession as in all his actions And therefore I desire you to forbeare sending Messengers for him or interrupting him any further wherein you will oblige me who in no wise would see him suffer to acknowledge your respects towards him and rest always Your very loving friend J. Exeter To this Letter the President and Censors returned the following answer Right Honourable WE have in our dutifullest manner received your Honour's Letter written to us the President and Censors of this College in the behalf of John Reeve Apothecary your Honour's servant of whom we are very glad to heare how honest and usefull he hath been to your Honour for the desire we have that your Honour should be well served and should be as glad to have had the like testimony from others of his behaviour towards them wherein how little he hath answered the good opinion that your Honour hath of him your Honour may please to understand by this ensuing report Which is That upon the 19th of January 1637. one Sibyll Butler came before us in our College and declared how John Reeve Apothecary finding her husband inclined to a Consumption and for a moneth before and at that time being afflicted with a continuall scowring did let him bloud and gave him a sleeping pill every other night for 3 weeks together whereupon he dyed and thereupon the said Reeve being convented before us the 26th of the same moneth the accusation was verifyed by witnesses and made soe plaine that he was brought to confesse how he had let the said Butler bloud twice and given him certain pills and other things all of his own head and as he said out of his own Judgment alledging for his so doing that there were Physicians that would not give poore folks Counsell if they wanted money This practice found soe soul and contrary to Art by the Censors in a person that hath no calling or ability to give Physick was the cause of our sending for him which whether it be a molestation or no as he informes your Honour we remit to your Honour's Judgment now that your Honour is truely informed of the truth wherein we humbly desire your Honour to believe us without counterpoising his report with ours and the rather for that we forbeare to aggravate his fault with such circumstances as he knoweth we are able to bring against him if it were not for putting him out of your Honour's favour And for satisfying your Honour and to shew how absolute a power your Honour hath over us and every of us we doe remit to your Honour how farre the same shall be pleased to command us to proceed in the matter of the complaint Onely we are humble Suiters to your Honour to excuse us in the point of calling him before us upon the like occasions except it be at such times as we shall know he is in actual service with your Honour for that this being the due way granted us for the execution of our duty unlesse we shall leave it as a precedent for all other Offenders to decline us we may not remit it being bound by the trust that the State putteth upon us and charged by the continuall commandments of the Kings and Queens of the Realme and other admonitions of the Lords of his Majestie 's honourable Privy Council and lastly tyed by Oath at our entring into these places to look diligently to the abuses committed by bad practisers upon the lives of his Majestie 's Subjects and in which we as yet were never interrupted by any solicitation and soe with our heartiest prayers for your Honour 's long and prosperous estate we humbly take our leaves From our College-house the 28. Decemb. 1638. Bartholomew Vanderlash was accused for practising Physick which he denied but yet confessed that he had given healing draughts Upon which order was given for prosecuting him in the Court of Exchequer After this he was complained of by Dr. Crooke for giving purging pills to a woman in a Fever and Physick to another person for a year and half Dr. Spicer likewise exhibited several informations against him to the President and Censors As likewise one Mrs. Fitten to whom for a small pain and redness in her leg and arme he had given a powder in white Wine which purged her vehemently upward and downward above 25 times and 12 times the next day After which he gave her 4 fluxing pills of which she took onely 2 which caused a salivation for above 20 days for which she was forced to seek ease from Dr. Argent Vanderlash denied not this fact but avouched that he gave her the physick by directions from Dr. Read But because he confessed that he had no bill from the said Doctour the Censors took it for his own practice which they declared to be very bad and sent him to Newgate thereupon with a fine of 20 li. Russel Hutton Surgeon was complained of for giving pills of Turbith Mineral to one afflicted with a Dysury upon which he fell into pissing of bloud ulceration of the mouth and other ill symptomes He was punished 40 s. which if not discharged by the next Censors day he was to be committed to prison for mala praxis Du Pont was accused for prescribing Mercurial powder to several persons who had received great mischief by them One of them having lost 14 teeth Another by a Mercurial fumigation prescribed by him fell into swooning fits lost her teeth and was so dangerously ill that 2 Physicians were called in for her relief Du Pont being taken by the Beadle and brought before the President was released upon his brother's engagement for his appearance before the Censors but he broke his word his brother excusing him that he durst not come lest he should be imprisoned

old receipt of Mr. Butler's Dr. Ramsey saith that about Noon one told him his Neighbour Mr. Lane was dead upon which he went thither presently and heard their complaint and then he look'd upon his gumms and teeth Next day he came to meet the other Doctours and found things as formerly have been related And he acknowledged that he set his hand to the Note formerly related and thought all had been done but withall he protested that he was and is of opinion that Mr. Lane was poisoned Mr. Pindar Mr. Coxe Mr. Dixon and Mr. Scot Chirurgions being all at the opening of the Body do severally acknowledge the blackness and Eschar in the mouth and the mortification in the stomach and Mr. Coxe saith that a quarter of a yard beneath the Stomach he found an inflammation inclining to a blackness After this information had Mr. President propounded to the Collegues to give their opinions whether Mr. Lane died of a violent death or naturally They every one severally were of opinion that he died a violent death upon some external cause Secondly Mr. President propounded to the Collegues whether they thought him to have been poisoned or not The Question being considered severally by the Fellows 18 of them were of opinion that he died of poison but 4 of them namely Sir William Paddy Dr. Andrews Dr. Crooke and Dr. Cademan did impute his death to the medicine Thirdly Mr. President desired the Collegues opinions concerning the medicine sent from the Apothecarie's whether that had in it any poisonable thing which might produce such an effect To this all the Fellows with one consent made answer that they could not give a direct censure concerning the Potion delivered by the Apothecary and made without the direction of a Doctour but if it were no other than pulvis Sanctus formerly set down that then they were of opinion that there was no poisonable thing in it which might produce such an effect But in the Bolus which remained there was found poison and all the Fellows did acknowledge it to be Sublimate Dr. Foxe pressed the Collegues for their opinion concerning the Note by him exhibited and their general opinion was that they having had no proofs but onely the inspection of the body they could not certifie assuredly of the poison Then Sir Theodore Mayerne was requested by the President and the College to draw up the opinion of the Collegues to be presented to his Majesty and to send it to Mr. President which he accordingly performed and the Friday following it was delivered to his Majesty by Mr. President Dr. Clement Dr. Hodson and Dr. Meverell at Greenwich in these words The determination of the College concerning the Questions proposed to them by the King's Majestie about the death of Joseph Lane THe College of Physicians in London being lawfully assembled by the command of their Soveregin Lord the King about certain questions proposed concerning the death of Ioseph Lane reported to be killed by poison and having made a diligent search and well considering all circumstances relating 1. As to the state of the body of the foresaid Lane 2. As to the disease which by a long series of violent symptomes brought him to his end 3. As to the kind and appearance of his death 4. As to the observations made upon his dead body by the Physicians and Chirurgions present 5. As to the conjectures taken from the strict examination of a Bolus extremely suspicious whose parts were artificially separated found in Mr. Lane's house when dead and after brought into Court before the Judges and from thence to the Physicians at their College To whom by the command and in the name of the King Letters were wrote from the Right honourable Sir Iohn Cooke principal Secretary of State that they might diligently enquire and give a faithfull account to the following Questions 1. Concerning Lane's death whether it was procured from poison 2. Their opinion about a purging potion carryed the 4th of April 1632. from Mr. Matthewes an Apothecary's shop to Mr. Lane's house and taken by Lane the 6th whether it had any thing of poison in it The College after very mature deliberation did humbly present the following Decree to his sacred Majesty as a testimony of their obedience 1. That the said Joseph Lane did certainly dye of a violent death 2. That he had taken poison and that corrosive 3. That they could determine nothing certainly concerning the Potion sent and given by Mr. Matthewes the Apothecary to Mr. Lane without the advice of any Physician because many of their medicines were too negligently prepared by their servants But if that Potion did only consist of those ingredients which he had given an account of and for which we have solely his word then there was nothing of poison contained therein 4. In the remainder of the foresaid Bolus there was found Mercury Sublimate not sweet but the most harsh and highly caustick which was separated from the rest of the Bolus and shewn to the whole College In testimony whereof the College by the unanimous consent of the President and Fellows and all present at this consultation signed this Decree with their own hands and sealed it with the College Seal that it might appear more authentick And because that from the beginning of the world to this very day good and wholsome Laws have derived their original from evil manners the whole College of Physicians doe most humbly beseech your most Sacred Majesty that as the Father of your Country you would consult the health and welfare both of your City Subjects and would by your Royal Proclamation strictly command that for the future No Grocer Drugster Apothecary Chymist or any other person presume to sell Arsenick Quicksilver Sublimate Precipitate Opium Coloquintida Scammony Hellebore or other Druggs either poisonous or dangerous to poor sorry Women or poor people which hath been too common but only to those who are willing to give their names that if there should be occasion they may give an account of the reason of their buying these dangerous medicines May it likewise please your Majesty to issue out your Royal Edict under the most severe penalties that no Apothecary for the future shall dare to compound for the Well or administer to the Sick any medicines especially Vomits Purges Opiates Mercurial or Antimonial remedies without the prescription of Physicians then living which prescription they shall be bound to produce upon the command or request of the Censors of the College He that shall act contrary shall be punished by the Law as a publick enemy to the life of man Dated from the College of Physicians in London the Last day of May 1632. And Subscribed Dr. Argent President Sir Theodore Mayerne Dr. Atkins Dr. Harvey Dr. Clement Dr. Foxe Dr. Fludd Dr. Ramsye Dr. Grent Dr. Cademan Dr. Andrewes Dr. Crooke Dr. Oxenbridge Dr. Rand Dr. Winston Dr. Wright Dr. Chamberlayne Dr. Hawlye Francis Roes alias Vintner was accused by William Clarke of

Bond to the College propter malam illicitam praxin which if he refused he was to continue in prison untill his Fine was paid Iohn Not an Empirick of the County of Kent appeared before the College propter audacem suam illicitam in medicinâ praxin He was ordered to give bond with sufficient security that he would not for the future practise Physick which refusing he was committed to prison After this he procured the following Letter in his behalf from Secretary Walsingham AFter my verie hartie commendacions Whereas I understand that you have caused one Not a practisioner in physick to be committed to prison in the Coumpter in Woodstreet where he presently remaineth Forasmuch as both my self have heretofore used him and divers other Gentlemen have also receaved good by him These are hartely to praie you that you will not deteine him any longer in prison to his great hinderance and utter undooing but rather at this my request to suffer him to go at liberty without putting him to farther trooble unlesse there be some great cause to the contrary wherein I will think my self beholding unto you and so do bid you hartely farewell From Westminster the 28th of September 1586. Your very loving frende Fra. Walsingham To this Letter the College returned the following answer To the Right honorable Sir Francis Walsingham Knight Secretary to her Majesty and one of her Highness most honorable Privy Council WHereas it hath pleased your Honor to direct your Letters unto us in the behalf of one Not to the end that we woold no longer deteine him in prison unless there be some great cause to the contrary Maie it please you to be advertized that we and everie one of us being most desirous to shew our ready and dutifull good minds to your Honor immediately sent for the party to our College mynding in respect of your Honor's motion to have delt with him by all maner of curtesy And albeit we know him to be utterly ignorant in that profession and such one as hath been often heertofore convented before us and found subject to great punishments and yet released from all extreamity upon his own caution put in amongst us and earnest promisse that he woold never after that deale with the practice of Physick All which notwithstanding he now more stubbernly then heretofore upon what encouragement we know not of purpose infringeth our privileges and the holsome Lawes of this Realme which we by solemne Oth are bound to maintaine and therewithall protesteth openly and that most infamously as we think and offensively to the credit and good name of such as admit him to their persons that he dealeth with none but onely for the Pocks Yet seeing it hath pleased your Honor to deale for him so earnestly whose good opinion we are and ever wil be most willing to satisfie in what we maie we were fully resolved freely to remit all offenses and to set him at liberty onely upon his own small bond for the not abusing of himself hereafter in Phisick within this City of London according to the Statutes of the Realme provided for the same and our particuler Othes taken in that behalf Which most reasonable demand for that he so wilfully denieth to accomplish We have therefore sent the bearer hereof an officer of our College as well to make report of the truth as also seing the party himself hath refused this favour most humbly to intreat your Honor to accept of our good meaning minds and so most humbly take our leave Your Honor 's moste dutifully The President and Society of the Physitions of London London 2 Octob. 1586. After this Not entred into bond that for the future he would not practise Physick which being forfeited the College put it in suit whereby he was forced to flee into foreign parts But returning again in K. Iames's Reign He was complained of by Dr. Gulston and a Gentleman who had taken Physick of him whereby he fell into a great Vomiting and Loosness Hiccough and great pains complicated with a paralytical disposition And though this Gentleman sent for him when he was in great extremity yet he would by no means come About a month after he was summoned and brought by an officer to the College where before the President and Censors he confessed that he was no Graduate that he understood not Latine or Physick unless it were the Stone which he could so dissolve in the bladder that it might be discharged by gravell and Fevers which he could cure by external applications He denied what had been proved against him by the forementioned Gentleman and others However the whole business being examined the President and Censors fined him 14 l. and committed him to prison About 5 years after a poor woman complained that being ill of a stopping about her throat and breast she went to him who would and did see her Urine and thereon said she had an Imposthume there and would soon die if not cured before Spring her Spleen being come up into her Lungs For which he was summoned to appear at the College where he said that an Imposthume about the throat and breast might hold 3 months without growing worse that the Spleen was in the radical parts Being told of some of his professed tricks in Alchymy and examined therein his answers were all impertinent and ignorant For which and his ill practice he was fined 5 l. to be paid presently or committed to prison and he interdicted all practice for the future But his Son paying this fine and becoming Surety for him he was released In the 28th David Ward an Empirick was committed to prison propter suam in Medicina praxin illicitam and fined 20 l. He was afterwards discharged and prosecuted at Common Law In the 29th Henry Ieffry confessed his practising of Physick in London for 6 years being examined in the rudiments of that Art he was found very ignorant not onely in that but all other learning Wherefore he was prohibited practice and a small fine laid upon him to be paid to the College Godfrey Mosan was fined 20 l. at one time and 10 l. at another for his evil and illegal practice in Physick and for his egregious ignorance He gave bond to pay the forementioned sums upon several days limited therein Peter Piers was brought before the College and committed to prison for giving Pills of Antimony Turbith and Mercury Sublimate by which he had killed several persons One Bright being also summoned and not appearing a Warrant was issued out for seizing him and committing him to the Fleet Others were imprisoned for practising Physick and others had their Bonds put in suit against them upon the same account In the 30th year of the Queen being in the year 1588 a time of most publick and eminent danger the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen sent their Precept to the College of Physicians requiring them to find Arms. This being looked upon as an infringement of College

privileges they deputed some of their Members to wait upon the Right Honourable Sir Francis Walsingham Secretary of State humbly to beg the favour of him to write his Letter to the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen to require them that they should give the College no farther trouble but suffer them to live free and undisturbed they being freed from finding Arms by virtue of Royal Charters given to them by the Royal bounty of their Princes and Acts of Parliament made in their favour Which the Honourable Secretary was pleased to doe and the College thereupon discharged from farther charge or trouble Paul Fairfax a foreign Empirick gave out Bills stuffed with arrogance and ostentation of the admirable virtues of a Water which he called his Aqua Coelestis with which he cheated the People He confessed that he had practised Physick in London for 4 months and pretended that he had done several Cures with his water and other remedies for which he was fined 5 l. and required to give bond that he should not practise for the future which if he refused he was to be committed to prison Upon this he procured a Letter from the Lord Chamberlain directed to the President and College which he delivered with Letters testimonial of having taken his Degree at Frankfort which seeming to be fictitious they were kept by the College and he forbidden to practise Physick However the following Letter was presented by the President and College in answer to the Lord Chamberlain's To the Right Honorable our very good Lord the Lord Hunsdon Lord Chamberlaine one of the Lords of her Majesties most honorable Privy Councill RIght Honorable and our very good Lord Having received a Letter from your Lordship in the behalf of one Paul Fairfax for the liberty of his practice in Physick here in London and understanding by the Contents of the same that your Honor hath been misinformed as well of the quality of the man as also of our dealings towards him We most humbly beseech your good Lordship to accept of our answer which we here present in most dutifull wise Touching the Man albeit by some travell he seemeth to have gotten some kind of Language and therewithall hath boldly put himself into some Empirical practice more daungerous in trueth to the Patient then any-wise commendable to the Practitioner Yet upon just examination we find the man very weak in the substance of all kind of good learning and rather to be pitied for his fantasticall conceits and well weening of his owne ignorance then any wise to deserve toleration in so daungerous a function A man never trained up in any good Schoole of Learning ignorant in the very principles of the Art and for lack of other good matter furnished with certain ridiculous termes and childish phrases invented onelie to entertain the simple hearer and to delude the unlearned multitude withall And whereas he laieth some challenge to a Doctorship He hath in deed shewed unto us the Letters Testimoniall for the same Yet we being better acquainted with the coorse of Universities then he have a better opinion of Frankfort then to think that wittinglie and willinglie they would commit so foul an errour as to admit either him or the like And having made good survey of the Letters find by evident proofs that they are vehemently to be suspected to have been rather by some sinister means devised than by any ordinary course obtained Touching us and our hard using of him as he termeth it to your Lordship as well by imprisoning his body as by exacting the paiment of money to his great impoverishing Maie it please your good Lordship to understand that as yet he hath paied no one penny but standeth bound indeede and that for a very small summe considering the quality of the offence and the straightness of our Lawes in that behalf and yet for the paiment thereof hath as long a day as himself requested And as for his imprisonment it was rather procured by his owne undiscreet frowardness then ment by us at all if he had shewed any conformitie in time For being a Gentleman as himself saieth and having so good acquaintance as he protested being offered to be set at liberty if he would have put in but any one sufficient surety a matter of great ease for him to do if the rest of his talk had been to be credited He as one rather contemning us and our friendly dealing then not able to satisfie our reasonable request more upon stomach then discretion made choice of imprisonment Thus have we delivered unto your good Lordship a truth beseeching your Honor so to interpret of our dealing toward him and all other in the like degree as of men altogether abhorring from all extremity but enforced to do that little which we do even by the very duetie that we owe to our Lawes and good orders and by the consideration of our strict solemne Oth and conscience in that behalf And so praying for your Lordships most prosperous estate we most humbly take our leave At our College this last of Ianuary 1588. Your Lordship 's most humble The President and Society of the College of Physitions in London Iohn Halsey appearing before the College confessed that he had practised Physick in London for several years wherefore the College ordered that he should pay 20 l. for his former practice and take a licence for the future if found fit or else give bond of 100 l. that he should not practise hereafter in London which if refused then to be committed to prison He desired time to consider and then promised forthwith to enter into bond as required by the College Tomazine Scarlet a Woman so egregiously ignorant that she confessed she understood nothing in Physick neither could reade or write yet had hundreds under her cure to whom she gave purging Medicines Stibium c. For which she was required to give a bond with good security that she would not practise for the future which accordingly she did But after some years practising again and refusing to give bond as before she was committed to prison but then procured Letters from Court to the President of the College that she might be released but by Order of the College she was continued And after some short time being sent for she refused to desist from practice or to give bond for her due observance of the Laws as before demanded wherefore she was for this contumacy of hers remanded back to prison About 3 years after she was again committed to prison and fined 10 l. for practising Physick and using dangerous Medicines as Stibium Antimony Mercurial Unguents c. all which she confessed Five years after she was a third time sent to prison and fined 5 l. upon the same account In the 31 th of the Queen Paul Buck a very impudent and ignorant Empirick appeared before the President and Censors and then confessed he never had any liberal education yet had practised Physick