antoninus_n pius_n take_v a_o great_a care_n to_o defend_v the_o empire_n than_o enlarge_v its_o bound_n and_o as_o to_o marcus_n antoninus_n the_o philosopher_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o compass_n the_o design_n he_o have_v of_o reduce_v sarmatia_n into_o a_o province_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n maximin_n have_v no_o better_a success_n against_o they_o and_o since_o his_o time_n the_o empire_n decline_v apace_o till_o probus_n revive_v their_o spirit_n again_o this_o great_a man_n subdue_v the_o german_n and_o give_v the_o sarmatian_n so_o many_o overthrow_v that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o territory_n they_o have_v usurp_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o predecessor_n they_o be_v again_o defeat_v by_o dioclesian_n and_o constantius_n but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o they_o become_v subject_n to_o the_o roman_n valentinian_n defeat_v they_o some_o time_n after_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v pannoma_n and_o moesia_n and_o retire_v into_o their_o own_o country_n and_o begin_v to_o form_n a_o commonwealth_n under_o lochus_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 550._o they_o have_v preserve_v their_o liberty_n ever_o since_o though_o they_o have_v be_v often_o reduce_v to_o great_a extremity_n but_o they_o never_o pay_v tribute_n to_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v true_a that_o their_o king_n michael_n wieznowisky_n have_v the_o weakness_n to_o agree_v to_o pay_v a_o yearly_o tribute_n to_o the_o turk_n but_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n refuse_v to_o ratify_v the_o treaty_n and_o bold_o assert_v their_o right_n and_o liberty_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o john_n sobiesky_n grand_a mareshal_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o be_v afterward_o elect_v king_n and_o force_v the_o turk_n to_o renounce_v the_o pretend_a tribute_n that_o michael_n have_v promise_v they_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v so_o numerous_a and_o brave_a that_o it_o seem_v moral_o impossible_a to_o conquer_v their_o country_n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v well_o unite_v and_o the_o surprise_v progress_n of_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o in_o three_o month_n time_n conquer_a almost_o that_o kingdom_n signify_v nothing_o in_o this_o case_n for_o that_o prince_n be_v call_v in_o by_o some_o of_o the_o polander_n themselves_o and_o the_o other_o will_v not_o fight_v for_o their_o king_n the_o precipitate_v retreat_n of_o the_o swede_n when_o the_o pole_n return_v to_o their_o duty_n show_v how_o little_a they_o be_v able_a to_o conquer_v poland_n but_o i_o leave_v off_o this_o subject_a to_o speak_v a_o word_n as_o to_o this_o book_n the_o first_o part_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n in_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o their_o king_n of_o their_o diet_n custom_n manner_n ceremony_n religion_n coin_n etc._n etc._n be_v owing_n to_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o have_v reside_v many_o year_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o merit_n as_o well_o as_o character_n can_v better_o inform_v himself_o of_o the_o matter_n he_o treat_v of_o than_o man_n of_o ordinary_a birth_n and_o capacity_n the_o appendix_n contain_v a_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n some_o far_a remark_n on_o the_o government_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o instrument_n of_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n john_n casimire_n the_o rise_v progress_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o socinian_o be_v partly_o abstract_v from_o history_n and_o private_a memoires_n of_o person_n that_o may_v be_v depend_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la and_o the_o election_n of_o frederick_n augustus_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o best_a intelligence_n that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o have_v from_o poland_n consider_v the_o confusion_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o country_n and_o the_o pretension_n of_o the_o competitor_n be_v state_v and_o relate_v as_o they_o have_v be_v communicate_v by_o the_o eye-witness_n of_o those_o transaction_n the_o content_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n and_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n p._n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o poland_n into_o province_n p._n 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n with_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n and_o of_o the_o various_a success_n of_o the_o war_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v engage_v with_o they_o p._n 12_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o tartar_n their_o manner_n of_o fight_v their_o original_a division_n of_o their_o country_n manner_n and_o history_n of_o their_o action_n and_o how_o they_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o turk_n p._n 27_o chap._n v._o of_o ukrania_n and_o the_o cossack_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o livonian_o p._n 37_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n p._n 76_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n p._n 81_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o senate_n in_o general_n p._n 97_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o senate_n a_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o the_o bishop_n p._n 98_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o palatine_n castellan_n and_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v senator_n p._n 107_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n p._n 113_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o officer_n who_o be_v not_o senator_n p._n 118_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la p._n 120_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n p._n 124_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o diet_n in_o general_n p._n 128_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n p._n 137_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n p._n 144_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la or_o the_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n p._n 147_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o king_n coronation_n p._n 153_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n p._n 161_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o polish_v army_n p._n 164_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o estate_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 174_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o custom_n humour_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 184_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o their_o religion_n p._n 191_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n p._n 194_o chap._n xxvi_o their_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n p._n 196_o chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o diet_n and_o entertainment_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 200_o chap._n xxviii_o their_o way_n of_o travel_v p._n 205_o chap._n xxix_o of_o the_o polish_v money_n p._n 209._o a_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o history_n of_o poland_n p._n 212._o a_o panegyrical_n character_n of_o the_o last_o king_n john_n iii_o with_o a_o account_n of_o his_o principal_a action_n and_o death_n p._n 221_o further_a remark_n on_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a care_n they_o take_v of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n p._n 223._o the_o form_n of_o king_n casimire_n abdication_n p._n 225._o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o state_n publish_v on_o that_o cecasion_n p._n 228._o the_o rise_n of_o socinianism_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o sect._n p._n 230_o edict_n of_o king_n sigismond_n against_o the_o socinian_o p._n 233._o edict_n of_o king_n john_n casimire_n against_o they_o p._n 236._o a_o letter_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o p._n 238._o a_o petition_n of_o the_o socinian_o send_v some_o year_n ago_o into_o england_n represent_v brief_o their_o miserable_a condition_n p._n 248._o where_o now_o settle_a p._n 250._o account_v of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la and_o election_n of_o the_o present_a king_n with_o some_o further_a remark_n on_o the_o late_a king_n and_o a_o short_a character_n of_o the_o several_a candidate_n for_o that_o crown_n p._n 251_o the_o proposal_n make_v by_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o master_n the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n p._n 274._o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la sworn_n to_o by_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n in_o the_o great_a church_n of_o warsaw_n p._n 278_o a_o great_a embassy_n appoint_v to_o go_v and_o offer_v the_o crown_n to_o the_o elector_n with_o the_o remarkable_a speech_n of_o the_o first_o ambassador_n on_o that_o occasion_n p._n 281._o the_o king_n speech_n to_o the_o nobility_n assemble_v to_o congratulate_v he_o p._n 288._o his_o coronation_n p._n 293._o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n arrival_n at_o dantzick_n etc._n etc._n p._n 295_o the_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n and_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n poland_n be_v a_o republic_n compose_v of_o two_o estate_n the_o crown_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o crown_n be_v proper_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n be_v unite_v to_o it_o in_o the_o
a_o account_n of_o poland_n a_o account_n of_o poland_n contain_v a_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o country_z the_o manner_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o war_n they_o have_v be_v engage_v in_o the_o constitution_n of_o that_o government_n particular_o the_o manner_n of_o elect_v and_o crown_v their_o king_n his_o power_n and_o prerogatives_n with_o a_o brief_a history_n of_o the_o tartar_n by_o mounseur_fw-fr hauteville_n who_o reside_v about_o 25_o year_n in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o chronology_n of_o the_o polish_v king_n the_o abdication_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n and_o the_o rise_v and_o progress_n of_o socinianism_n likewise_o a_o relation_n of_o the_o chief_a passage_n during_o the_o last_o interregnum_fw-la and_o the_o election_n and_o coronation_n of_o the_o new_a king_n frederic_n augustus_n the_o whole_a comprehend_v whatsoever_o be_v curious_a and_o worthy_a of_o remark_n in_o the_o former_a and_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n london_n print_v for_o t._n goodwin_n at_o the_o queens-head_n in_o fleetstreet_n and_o h._n newman_n at_o the_o grasshopper_n in_o the_o poultry_n 1698._o to_o his_o excellency_n the_o earl_n of_o gallway_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o the_o king_n army_n one_o of_o the_o lord_n justice_n of_o ireland_n and_o general_n of_o his_o majesty_n force_n in_o that_o kingdom_n my_o lord_n this_o treatise_n i_o make_v bold_a to_o present_v to_o your_o excellency_n and_o i_o hope_v the_o consideration_n of_o the_o subject_a it_o treat_v of_o will_v make_v atonement_n for_o the_o freedom_n of_o it_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v just_o rank_v among_o the_o great_a dominion_n in_o the_o world_n and_o the_o dispute_n between_o two_o great_a prince_n who_o both_o pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n draw_v all_o the_o eye_n of_o europe_n on_o that_o side_n therefore_o i_o hope_v that_o though_o your_o excellency_n be_v perfect_o acquaint_v with_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o all_o the_o state_n in_o christendom_n yet_o you_o will_v please_v favourable_o to_o receive_v this_o book_n which_o i_o think_v give_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o pretension_n of_o the_o two_o illustrious_a rival_n who_o dispute_v that_o throne_n however_o i_o design_v not_o to_o prepossess_v the_o wâ—â—â—â—â—_n in_o favour_n of_o this_o book_n by_o the_o prefix_v of_o 〈◊〉_d illustrious_a name_n to_o it_o i_o know_v i_o can_v nâ—â—_n make_v choice_n of_o a_o better_a protector_n but_o i_o only_a 〈◊〉_d tend_v to_o give_v your_o excellency_n a_o public_a mark_n of_o my_o profound_a respect_n neither_o do_v i_o propose_v to_o myself_o to_o make_v the_o eulogy_n of_o the_o great_a virtue_n which_o be_v so_o conspicuous_a in_o your_o excellency_n such_o a_o undertake_n be_v above_o vulgar_a pen_n and_o too_o great_a to_o be_v treat_v in_o the_o narrow_a bound_n of_o a_o epistle_n dedicatory_a whoever_o attempt_v that_o must_v give_v a_o relation_n of_o the_o sieges_n of_o candia_n athlone_n galway_n limerick_n and_o cazal_n describe_v the_o bloody_a batter_v of_o aghrim_n and_o landen_n relate_v the_o important_a negotiation_n commit_v to_o your_o care_n speak_v of_o the_o prudence_n intrepidity_n and_o bravery_n you_o have_v express_v in_o the_o great_a danger_n and_o commend_v in_o term_n suitable_a to_o the_o subject_a that_o admire_v penetration_n and_o sagacity_n of_o your_o excellency_n which_o discover_v the_o secret_a intrigue_n of_o a_o court_n notwithstanding_o the_o most_o refine_a dissimulation_n that_o ever_o italy_n make_v use_v of_o these_o great_a quality_n be_v so_o well_o know_v that_o envy_n and_o jealousy_n be_v force_v to_o be_v silent_a and_o dare_v not_o attack_v a_o merit_n esteem_v by_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n and_o admire_v by_o all_o the_o world_n i_o be_o afraid_a that_o i_o shall_v displease_v your_o excellency_n by_o proceed_v any_o far_o on_o this_o subject_n yet_o i_o will_v beg_v leave_n to_o observe_v that_o these_o great_a virtue_n be_v hereditary_a in_o your_o excellency_n and_o not_o the_o effect_n only_o of_o a_o happy_a education_n my_o lord_n marquis_n of_o ruvigny_n your_o father_n be_v equal_o fit_a for_o council_n and_o action_n his_o great_a courage_n and_o prudence_n raise_v he_o to_o the_o dignity_n of_o lieutenant_n general_n of_o the_o army_n of_o the_o french_a king_n and_o will_v have_v certain_o advance_v he_o to_o that_o of_o marshal_n of_o france_n have_v not_o his_o religion_n be_v a_o invincible_a though_o glorious_a obstacle_n to_o it_o every_o body_n own_a he_o deserve_v that_o great_a trust_n and_o his_o prince_n think_v he_o have_v no_o subject_n in_o his_o kingdom_n so_o fit_a to_o represent_v his_o person_n in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a king_n in_o europe_n your_o excellency_n will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o can_v forbear_v to_o carry_v the_o parallel_n somewhat_o further_o and_o therefore_o my_o lord_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o say_v that_o you_o be_v like_o he_o pious_a and_o charitable_a you_o both_o generous_o quit_v a_o great_a estate_n and_o a_o private_a life_n with_o the_o testimony_n of_o a_o good_a conscience_n have_v more_o charm_n with_o you_o than_o all_o the_o dignity_n and_o dazzle_v splendour_n of_o a_o court._n you_o be_v as_o he_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o misery_n of_o the_o poor_a they_o have_v always_o access_n to_o your_o person_n and_o be_v never_o send_v back_o without_o relief_n the_o widow_n and_o orphan_n find_v in_o your_o excellency_n what_o they_o have_v lose_v and_o the_o prayer_n of_o so_o many_o relieve_v people_n send_v up_o to_o heaven_n fall_v down_o again_o upon_o your_o excellency_n in_o shower_n of_o blessing_n but_o what_o shall_v i_o say_v of_o the_o virtue_n of_o my_o lady_n marchioness_n your_o mother_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o draw_v her_o character_n without_o exhaust_v all_o the_o qualification_n ascribe_v by_o solomon_n to_o his_o virtuous_a woman_n the_o merit_n of_o your_o excellency_n be_v so_o general_o know_v that_o england_n and_o ireland_n have_v applaud_v the_o choice_n his_o majesty_n make_v of_o you_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o lord_n justice_n of_o ireland_n and_o every_o body_n agree_v that_o the_o title_n and_o employment_n confer_v upon_o your_o excellency_n be_v not_o so_o much_o the_o effect_n of_o his_o majesty_n favour_n as_o the_o just_a reward_n of_o your_o eminent_a virtue_n and_o service_n that_o your_o excellency_n may_v long_o enjoy_v that_o unspotted_a fame_n will_v be_v the_o constant_a prayer_n of_o my_o lord_n your_o excellency_n most_o humble_a and_o most_o obedient_a servant_n the_o preface_n the_o dispute_n about_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n make_v now_o such_o a_o noise_n in_o the_o world_n that_o it_o be_v believe_v a_o account_n of_o that_o country_n can_v but_o be_v acceptable_a to_o the_o ingenious_a reader_n this_o book_n which_o be_v offer_v to_o your_o consideration_n be_v not_o exstract_v out_o of_o several_a author_n as_o most_o account_n common_o be_v but_o contain_v the_o observation_n of_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o reside_v 25_o year_n in_o poland_n and_o have_v a_o opportunity_n of_o inform_v himself_o of_o every_o thing_n worthy_a a_o gentleman_n curiosity_n be_v very_o intimate_v with_o the_o minister_n and_o all_o the_o great_a man_n of_o that_o kingdom_n 1687._o kingdom_n see_v journaux_n des_fw-fr seavans_n an._n 1687._o epâ—em_fw-la 23._o mots_fw-fr d'_fw-fr auril_n also_o the_o pibliotheq_n vniver_n tom._n 7._o p._n 574._o and_o the_o republiq_n des_fw-fr lutres_fw-fr mots_fw-fr d'_fw-fr adust_a an._n 1687._o though_o poland_n be_v not_o very_o remote_a from_o we_o yet_o one_o may_v say_v it_o be_v almost_o unknown_a few_o person_n go_v thither_o to_o travel_v however_o it_o deserve_v our_o curiosity_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a state_n of_o the_o world_n the_o only_a one_o which_o have_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v the_o right_n of_o elect_v their_o monarch_n and_o indeed_o the_o only_a one_o that_o be_v never_o conquer_a the_o original_a of_o the_o pole_n as_o well_o as_o other_o nation_n be_v very_o uncertain_a and_o fabulous_a but_o the_o sarmatian_n be_v so_o ancient_a that_o there_o be_v still_o some_o monument_n at_o this_o day_n that_o jupiter_n belus_n one_o of_o the_o assyrian_a monarch_n make_v war_n upon_o they_o though_o unfortunately_n the_o grecian_n and_o persian_n be_v not_o more_o successful_a against_o that_o warlike_a nation_n nor_o even_o the_o roman_n themselves_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o they_o till_o augustus_n time_n who_o beat_v they_o off_o of_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o danube_n domitian_n be_v very_o unhappy_a against_o they_o and_o in_o short_a it_o do_v not_o clear_o appear_v that_o any_o of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n penetrate_v into_o sarmatia_n no_o not_o trajan_n himself_o though_o eutropius_n relate_v he_o receive_v under_o his_o protection_n a_o sarmatian_a king_n adrian_n allow_v they_o a_o yearly_o pension_n marcus_n
year_n 1386._o by_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr jagillon_n who_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n that_o he_o may_v marry_v hedwige_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n and_o who_o with_o his_o religion_n change_v also_o his_o name_n and_o be_v call_v viadislaus_n for_o the_o polander_n be_v christian_n long_o before_o have_v receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n ann_n 964_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o miecislans_n i._n who_o after_o he_o have_v divorce_v seven_o pagan_a wife_n be_v convert_v and_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o boleslaus_n king_n of_o bohemiae_n who_o be_v a_o christian_n these_o two_o estate_n be_v contiguous_a to_o one-another_o and_o be_v now_o but_o one_o body_n be_v unite_v in_o the_o same_o interest_n under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o same_o king_n and_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o same_o religion_n especial_o since_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o grodeck_n on_o the_o river_n bug_n between_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n in_o the_o year_n 1413._o where_o the_o union_n be_v renew_v and_o where_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o for_o the_o future_a they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o law_n and_o privilege_n and_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v elect_v by_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o two_o estate_n which_o be_v ratify_v and_o sign_v by_o all_o the_o senator_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v govern_v by_o distinct_a officer_n each_o of_o they_o have_v a_o grand_a marshal_n and_o a_o petty_a or_o sub-marshal_n who_o they_o call_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n a_o chancellor_n vicechancellor_n and_o treasurer_n who_o be_v all_o senator_n those_o of_o the_o crown_n for_o poland_n and_o those_o of_o the_o duchy_n for_o lithuania_n and_o be_v equal_a in_o dignity_n and_o power_n only_o those_o of_o the_o crown_n take_v place_n of_o those_o of_o the_o duchy_n the_o office_n of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o peace_n and_o prevent_v tumult_n or_o disturbance_n both_o in_o the_o diet_n and_o in_o the_o king_n household_n to_o punish_v offender_n even_o with_o death_n and_o without_o appeal_n from_o his_o judgement_n except_o in_o case_n of_o great_a importance_n which_o may_v be_v bring_v before_o the_o king_n he_o have_v also_o power_n to_o command_v silence_n to_o give_v leave_n to_o speak_v to_o introduce_v ambassador_n to_o appoint_v they_o their_o lodging_n and_o to_o fix_v the_o price_n of_o all_o commodity_n and_o merchandize_n this_o last_o branch_n of_o his_o authority_n be_v extreme_o advantageous_a to_o he_o for_o the_o merchant_n give_v he_o very_o considerable_a present_n that_o they_o may_v have_v leave_n to_o sell_v their_o good_n at_o exorbitant_a rate_n the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v choose_v by_o turn_n out_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n but_o those_o of_o the_o duchy_n be_v always_o layman_n the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o seal_n and_o either_o of_o they_o may_v be_v use_v indifferent_o for_o they_o have_v both_o a_o equal_a authority_n only_o the_o latter_a give_v place_n to_o the_o former_a and_o never_o give_v judgement_n but_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o chancellor_n by_o his_o office_n be_v the_o judge_n of_o all_o civil_a affair_n and_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n revenue_n it_o be_v also_o his_o duty_n to_o take_v care_n that_o nothing_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n or_o injurious_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n and_o that_o the_o intrigue_n of_o foreigner_n may_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o republic_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o chancellor_n and_o vicechancellor_n be_v so_o great_a that_o in_o several_a case_n they_o may_v affix_v their_o seal_n without_o the_o king_n order_n and_o refuse_v to_o seal_v such_o thing_n for_o he_o as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o state_n it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o chancellor_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n of_o the_o vicechancellor_n to_o answer_v all_o the_o harangue_n that_o be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n by_o ambassador_n and_o he_o of_o the_o two_o who_o be_v a_o clergyman_n have_v power_n over_o the_o secretary_n priest_n and_o preacher_n of_o the_o court_n and_o over_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n the_o treasurer_n be_v proper_o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o public_a treasure_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o he_o by_o four_o other_o officer_n who_o keep_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o it_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v one_o copy_n to_o the_o king_n and_o another_o to_o the_o treasurer_n his_o office_n empower_n he_o to_o prevent_v the_o waste_n or_o embezel_v of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o of_o those_o which_o be_v appoint_v for_o maintain_v the_o king_n table_n and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o sign_v all_o the_o contract_v the_o king_n make_v which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v void_a he_o ought_v also_o to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o republic_n do_v not_o sustain_v any_o damage_n by_o the_o contract_n that_o be_v make_v for_o the_o coin_n of_o new_a money_n when_o the_o treasurer_n be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n the_o general_n diet_n order_v a_o committee_n of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n to_o examine_v his_o account_n and_o to_o give_v he_o a_o acquittance_n without_o which_o the_o republic_n may_v still_o call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n for_o the_o administration_n of_o his_o employment_n and_o therefore_o since_o this_o acquittance_n be_v of_o such_o vast_a importance_n to_o the_o grand_a treasurer_n great_a interest_n be_v always_o make_v about_o the_o nomination_n of_o the_o commissioner_n that_o be_v appoint_v to_o examine_v his_o account_n because_o he_o be_v oblige_v not_o only_o to_o entertain_v the_o commissioner_n but_o also_o to_o give_v they_o considerable_a present_n to_o obtain_v his_o discharge_n the_o petty_a or_o sub-marshal_n or_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n who_o be_v the_o last_o of_o the_o five_o officer_n that_o be_v member_n of_o the_o senate_n execute_v the_o office_n of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o death_n or_o demise_n of_o that_o officer_n he_o succeed_v in_o course_n as_o the_o vice_n chancellor_n be_v in_o such_o case_n promote_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o chancellor_n so_o that_o before_o a_o man_n can_v be_v grand_a marshal_n or_o chancellor_n he_o must_v first_o be_v petty_a marshal_n or_o vice_n chancellor_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o poland_n into_o province_n the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n former_o contain_v fifteen_o great_a province_n which_o the_o king_n retain_v still_o in_o his_o title_n as_o king_n of_o poland_n duke_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n prussia_n massovia_n samogitia_n livonia_n volhinia_n kiovia_n podolia_n podlassia_n smolensko_n siâ—eria_n and_o czerniechovia_n but_o at_o present_a there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o nine_o province_n subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n viz._n great_a and_o little_a poland_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n prussia_n massovia_n samogitia_n upper_a volhinia_n and_o podlassia_n or_o podlachia_n great_a poland_n be_v so_o call_v because_o lechus_n first_o king_n of_o the_o polander_n settle_v his_o residence_n at_o gnesna_n in_o this_o province_n it_o be_v also_o call_v lower_n poland_n and_o posnania_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n this_o province_n contain_v eight_o palatinate_n viz._n posnâ—â—â—_n kalisch_n lencici_n breast_n inowlocz_n siradiae_n kawa_n and_o ploosko_fw-mi it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o prussia_n on_o the_o south_n with_o little_a poland_n on_o the_o east_n with_o massovia_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o silesia_n and_o the_o new_a marquisate_n of_o brandâ—nburg_n the_o river_n warta_n run_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o province_n little_a poland_n which_o be_v also_o call_v upper_a poland_n contain_v three_o 〈◊〉_d cracow_n saâ—domir_n and_o lublin_n it_o border_n with_o massovia_n and_o great_a poland_n on_o the_o north_n mount_v crapat_v on_o the_o south_n black_a russia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o silesia_n on_o the_o west_n and_o the_o river_n vistula_n run_v through_o it_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o province_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o starosta_n of_o cracow_n be_v not_o only_a governor_n of_o the_o castle_n but_o also_o the_o defender_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o of_o the_o public_a tranquillity_n which_o entitle_v he_o to_o a_o large_a jurisdiction_n both_o over_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o town_n and_o the_o gentry_n as_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n though_o jagillon_n begin_v to_o unite_v it_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n anno_fw-la 1386_o and_o though_o that_o union_n be_v afterward_o renew_v in_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o grodeck_n between_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n in_o 1413_o yet_o it_o still_o retain_v its_o own_o duke_n and_o
the_o russian_n that_o they_o can_v never_o afterward_o be_v reconcile_v and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o cossack_n and_o of_o all_o the_o disaster_n with_o which_o poland_n be_v afterward_o harass_v such_o be_v the_o dismal_a effect_n of_o that_o change_n of_o religion_n and_o of_o those_o ceremony_n which_o the_o polish_v gentry_n will_v have_v introduce_v into_o their_o territory_n in_o russia_n they_o ought_v to_o have_v consider_v that_o the_o best_a innovation_n be_v frequent_o attend_v with_o fatal_a consequence_n and_o their_o own_o country_n may_v have_v furnish_v they_o with_o a_o very_a instructive_a example_n of_o this_o nature_n the_o lutheran_n doctrine_n be_v introduce_v into_o riga_n by_o a_o sedition_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n in_o the_o year_n 1586_o not_o long_o after_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o calendar_n make_v by_o pope_n gregory_n xiii_o have_v be_v publish_v there_o some_o person_n resolve_v to_o celebrate_v the_o feast_n of_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a calendar_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n imprison_v the_o principal_a of_o the_o college_n because_o he_o be_v the_o first_o who_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o raise_v so_o great_a a_o uproar_v in_o the_o city_n that_o the_o people_n in_o the_o nighttime_n break_v open_v the_o prison_n and_o pull_v down_o the_o house_n of_o the_o curate_n and_o of_o the_o governor_n and_o even_o the_o disorder_n be_v so_o great_a that_o almost_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o those_o who_o defend_v the_o roman-catholick_n religion_n and_o especial_o the_o jesuit_n who_o king_n stephen_n battori_n have_v settle_v there_o in_o the_o year_n 1582_o after_o he_o have_v give_v they_o certain_a revenue_n and_o a_o church_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o canon_n during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o tumult_n the_o incense_a people_n imprison_v some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o put_v some_o other_o to_o death_n so_o that_o be_v sensible_a of_o their_o gild_n and_o despair_v of_o pardon_n they_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o other_o lutheran_n and_o never_o afterward_o return_v to_o their_o ancient_a religion_n thus_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o restrain_v of_o the_o cossack_n from_o make_v incursion_n and_o the_o change_n of_o religion_n which_o the_o lord_n of_o poland_n will_v have_v introduce_v into_o their_o territory_n in_o russia_n and_o vkrania_n be_v the_o two_o principal_a cause_n of_o that_o people_n revolt_n but_o there_o be_v also_o another_o reason_n that_o cause_v that_o fierce_a and_o untractable_a nation_n to_o rebel_v the_o gentry_n of_o upper_a volhinia_n be_v so_o addict_v to_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n that_o they_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o cossack_n because_o their_o neighbourhood_n give_v a_o bad_a example_n to_o all_o their_o subject_n and_o dispose_v they_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o insupportable_a yoke_n of_o servitude_n for_o they_o think_v it_o better_a to_o live_v like_o the_o cossack_n at_o liberty_n and_o without_o constraint_n than_o to_o work_v and_o till_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o oppressor_n so_o that_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o gentleman_n augment_v the_o number_n of_o the_o cossack_n by_o force_v the_o peasant_n to_o forsake_v their_o habitation_n and_o retire_v to_o they_o the_o four_o reason_n that_o the_o cossack_n have_v to_o complain_v of_o the_o gentry_n proceed_v from_o the_o sordid_a usury_n and_o insatiable_a avarice_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o poland_n except_o in_o the_o province_n of_o massovia_n where_o they_o be_v only_o permit_v to_o remain_v when_o there_o be_v a_o diet_n sit_v at_o warsaw_n they_o live_v miserable_o through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n because_o they_o be_v oppress_v and_o squeeze_v by_o the_o gentry_n they_o be_v usual_o the_o person_n who_o sell_v aquavitae_a and_o beer_n and_o farm_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o lord_n which_o they_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n at_o a_o excessive_a price_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o make_v bad_a brandy_n and_o beer_n they_o be_v first_o introduce_v into_o poland_n by_o a_o duke_n of_o kalisch_n who_o bring_v they_o from_o germany_n and_o establish_v they_o in_o his_o and_o some_o other_o city_n of_o lower_n poland_n from_o whence_o they_o spread_v themselves_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o have_v the_o privilege_n not_o to_o acknowledge_v any_o judge_n but_o only_o the_o palatine_n who_o they_o easy_o soften_v not_o to_o say_v corrupt_a by_o the_o present_v they_o make_v they_o their_o usury_n and_o exaction_n upon_o the_o people_n have_v sometime_o rise_v to_o such_o a_o exorbitant_a height_n that_o they_o have_v obtain_v a_o prohibition_n for_o any_o private_a person_n to_o brew_v beer_n not_o even_o for_o themselves_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o oblige_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o buy_v it_o of_o they_o at_o what_o price_n they_o please_v to_o impose_v upon_o it_o the_o son_n of_o king_n vladislaus_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1647_o the_o cossack_n begin_v again_o to_o revolt_v under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o chemeinski_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o make_v the_o cossack_n join_v the_o tartar_n notwithstanding_o the_o mortal_a enmity_n that_o be_v former_o betwixt_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a difference_n of_o their_o language_n manner_n and_o religion_n after_o they_o be_v thus_o unite_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o they_o make_v a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o poland_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o relate_v their_o barbarity_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v a_o short_a character_n of_o chemelnski_n he_o understand_v war_n very_o well_o and_o be_v once_o secretary_n to_o the_o army_n he_o be_v also_o a_o man_n of_o learning_n and_o have_v study_v with_o the_o jesuit_n at_o leopold_n he_o know_v the_o weak_a side_n of_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v several_a time_n there_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o envoy_n he_o be_v so_o exasperate_v by_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o estate_n which_o a_o polish_v lord_n have_v take_v from_o he_o by_o a_o lawsuit_n that_o immediate_o he_o have_v recourse_n to_o force_v and_o have_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n a_o multitude_n of_o people_n like_o himself_o and_o corrupt_v the_o cossack_n in_o the_o polish_v army_n he_o soon_o after_o prevail_v with_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n to_o join_v he_o with_o who_o assistance_n he_o fall_v unexpected_o upon_o the_o polander_n who_o guard_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o afterward_o cut_v in_o piece_n part_n of_o their_o army_n and_o send_v the_o rest_n with_o their_o commander_n into_o slavery_n to_o tartary_n from_o that_o time_n he_o so_o manage_v the_o republic_n that_o sometime_o he_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v appease_v by_o promise_n and_o then_o raise_v a_o new_a insurrection_n according_a to_o the_o posture_n of_o his_o affair_n it_o be_v true_a he_o be_v sometime_o beat_v by_o the_o polander_n but_o it_o be_v no_o less_o certain_a that_o he_o always_o keep_v the_o advantage_n over_o they_o either_o by_o his_o own_o dexterity_n or_o by_o the_o division_n or_o neglect_v of_o the_o polish_v general_n who_o can_v not_o make_v a_o right_a use_n of_o their_o victory_n he_o be_v often_o reconcile_v to_o the_o republic_n but_o never_o trust_v in_o they_o he_o be_v natural_o of_o a_o turbulent_a spirit_n keep_v his_o man_n always_o in_o arm_n against_o poland_n and_o fortify_v his_o interest_n by_o the_o affiance_n of_o some_o potent_a neighbour_n for_o it_o be_v his_o constant_a practice_n to_o change_v his_o affies_n according_a to_o the_o state_n of_o his_o affair_n thus_o after_o the_o tartar_n have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n john_n casimir_n he_o implore_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n so_o that_o poland_n can_v hardly_o entertain_v any_o hope_n of_o be_v able_a to_o reduce_v the_o cossack_n during_o the_o life_n of_o so_o politic_a a_o general_n after_o the_o death_n of_o vladislaus_n iv_o may_v 30_o 1648_o john_n casimir_n his_o brother_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n nou._n 17_o in_o the_o same_o year_n he_o immediate_o apply_v himself_o to_o remedy_v the_o ill_a state_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o to_o repair_v the_o loss_n it_o have_v sustain_v by_o the_o irruption_n which_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n have_v make_v even_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o the_o defeat_n at_o pilaveze_n sept._n 29_o 1648._o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n be_v compose_v of_o new-raised_a soldier_n and_o of_o militia_n they_o be_v encamp_v near_o the_o cossack_n end_n have_v even_o obtain_v some_o advantage_n over_o they_o but_o those_o revolter_n have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n in_o the_o evening_n with_o
than_o they_o make_v nothing_o of_o enter_v their_o hut_n and_o plunder_v what_o they_o can_v the_o poor_a rustic_n have_v no_o admittance_n into_o their_o lord_n presence_n without_o present_n and_o if_o it_o be_v their_o fortune_n to_o have_v access_n to_o they_o they_o be_v common_o direct_v to_o make_v their_o complaint_n to_o the_o judge_n who_o be_v sure_a to_o do_v they_o but_o little_a good_a unless_o the_o plaintiff_n bring_v they_o present_v to_o recommend_v their_o petition_n so_o that_o every_o word_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o lithuania_n be_v money_n four_o day_n common_o and_o sometime_o five_o or_o six_o in_o a_o week_n the_o wretch_n must_v work_v for_o their_o lord_n on_o mundays_n they_o be_v allow_v to_o drudge_n for_o themselves_o and_o as_o they_o have_v not_o time_n enough_o on_o other_o day_n they_o frequent_o do_v all_o manner_n of_o work_n on_o sunday_n for_o the_o peasant_n keep_v no_o manner_n of_o saint_n holiday_n there_o have_v that_o also_o particular_a 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master_n of_o prussia_n till_o the_o time_n of_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o about_o the_o year_n 1513_o part_v with_o that_o yearly_a tribute_n and_o homage_n for_o a_o large_a sum_n of_o money_n thus_o the_o livonian_a knight_n by_o degree_n and_o also_o the_o several_a bishop_n and_o arch_a bishop_n become_v so_o many_o sovereign_n till_o after_o many_o war_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o livonia_n be_v subdue_v by_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n though_o since_o it_o have_v be_v quit_v to_o the_o swede_n who_o be_v now_o master_n of_o it_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n the_o polander_n have_v at_o all_o time_n have_v a_o inclination_n to_o war_n insomuch_o that_o at_o first_o they_o continual_o go_v arm_v as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v just_o ready_a to_o engage_v their_o enemy_n and_o indeed_o all_o their_o business_n be_v to_o rove_v about_o and_o change_v their_o station_n from_o time_n to_o time_n more_o like_a shepherd_n than_o like_o settle_a inhabitant_n of_o any_o particular_a place_n neither_o be_v they_o ever_o in_o safety_n for_o they_o be_v on_o one_o side_n always_o ready_a to_o be_v attack_v by_o the_o german_n and_o by_o the_o scythian_n on_o the_o other_o so_o that_o they_o have_v many_o war_n and_o bloody_a conflict_n with_o both_o those_o nation_n yet_o though_o there_o never_o be_v any_o solid_a friendship_n between_o they_o and_o the_o german_n at_o last_o their_o way_n of_o live_v and_o the_o care_n they_o take_v to_o keep_v their_o word_n to_o one_o another_o make_v they_o accustom_v themselves_o more_o to_o they_o than_o to_o the_o scythian_n in_o the_o beginning_n the_o polander_n have_v neither_o law_n nor_o prince_n to_o govern_v they_o and_o live_v after_o a_o uncontrolled_a manner_n but_o as_o no_o nation_n can_v remain_v long_o without_o ruler_n principal_o in_o time_n of_o war_n they_o afterward_o use_v to_o choose_v among_o themselves_o a_o chief_a who_o be_v common_o the_o most_o famous_a person_n for_o valour_n among_o they_o and_o they_o use_v to_o obey_v he_o as_o a_o leader_n but_o his_o authority_n last_v no_o long_o than_o the_o war._n all_o the_o people_n resolute_o follow_v he_o arm_v with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n partisan_n and_o long_a lance_n the_o woman_n attend_v their_o husband_n pretend_v to_o witchcraft_n &_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o future_a event_n of_o battle_n the_o man_n never_o use_v to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n &_o whosoever_o run_v away_o be_v never_o suffer_v to_o return_v to_o his_o party_n this_o be_v esteem_v the_o great_a shame_n and_o ignominy_n among_o they_o they_o come_v in_o time_n to_o have_v knight_n which_o be_v the_o next_o dignity_n to_o their_o chief_a captain_n and_o those_o be_v also_o never_o choose_v but_o out_o of_o the_o brave_a after_o they_o have_v signalise_v their_o valour_n against_o the_o enemy_n they_o worship_v the_o sun_n the_o moon_n mars_n and_o diverse_a other_o false_a divinity_n have_v certain_a place_n and_o rite_n appropriate_v to_o pay_v they_o their_o adoration_n they_o bury_v the_o dead_a in_o forest_n and_o field_n lay_v high_a heap_n of_o stone_n over_o their_o tomb_n as_o may_v be_v still_o see_v in_o many_o place_n in_o russia_n other_o according_a to_o the_o roman_a way_n use_v to_o burn_v the_o dead_a body_n and_o lay_v up_o the_o ash_n in_o urn_n few_o thing_n satisfy_v they_o for_o their_o food_n they_o have_v nothing_o which_o they_o proper_o call_v their_o own_o except_o their_o bow_n their_o partisan_n and_o lance_n they_o purchase_v what_o ever_o they_o want_v of_o other_o by_o the_o way_n of_o barter_n or_o exchange_n they_o wear_v course_n garment_n make_v of_o the_o skin_n of_o wild_a beast_n down_o to_o their_o heel_n despise_v all_o rich_a dress_n treasure_n house_n and_o possession_n they_o make_v a_o end_n of_o all_o private_a
hundred_o thousand_o livre_n all_o this_o provide_v he_o may_v marry_v hedwige_n and_o be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n these_o advantageous_a proposal_n be_v hearken_v to_o and_o grant_v and_o according_o he_o be_v elect_a king_n by_o these_o mean_v lithuania_n be_v in_o time_n unite_v to_o poland_n and_o from_o a_o hereditaty_a state_n be_v become_v a_o part_n of_o a_o elective_a republic_n which_o change_n some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o race_n of_o jagello_n do_v not_o altogether_o approve_v nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v full_o effect_v till_o the_o extinction_n of_o that_o family_n for_o be_v unwilling_a to_o deprive_v their_o heir_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n by_o submit_v to_o make_v lithuania_n elective_a they_o still_o delay_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o convention_n allege_v that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o lithuania_n will_v never_o suffer_v it_o lest_o by_o such_o a_o union_n they_o shall_v lose_v their_o ancient_a degree_n and_o dignity_n thing_n remain_v in_o this_o condition_n while_o there_o be_v prince_n of_o that_o family_n to_o be_v elect_v at_o last_o the_o lithuanian_n perceive_v that_o it_o be_v extinct_a as_o to_o male_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n and_o be_v afraid_a of_o eruption_n from_o their_o encroach_a neighbour_n the_o muscovite_n they_o consent_v to_o a_o union_n the_o example_n of_o stephen_n batori_n verify_v also_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v of_o the_o regard_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v to_o the_o royal_a family_n in_o point_n of_o election_n for_o that_o prince_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n only_o upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v marry_v the_o princess_n anne_n sister_n to_o sigismond_n augustus_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n and_o be_v the_o last_o of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o jagellone_n i_o must_v own_o that_o there_o be_v several_a reason_n which_o concur_v to_o cause_v the_o polander_n to_o impose_v that_o condition_n on_o stephen_n batori_fw-la for_o thus_o they_o do_v not_o only_o express_v their_o respect_n to_o the_o jagellonian_a family_n but_o avoid_v the_o expense_n which_o they_o must_v otherwise_o have_v be_v at_o for_o the_o maintain_n of_o two_o princess_n but_o that_o which_o engage_v they_o the_o rather_o to_o act_v thus_o be_v the_o abdication_n of_o henry_n of_o valds_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o marry_v she_o for_o that_o prince_n have_v receive_v the_o news_n of_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n ix_o his_o brother_n private_o leave_v poland_n the_o 18_o of_o june_n 1574_o and_o return_v to_o france_n after_o he_o have_v be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n the_o 24_o of_o february_n and_o have_v remain_v five_o month_n with_o the_o republic_n the_o polander_n therefore_o believe_v that_o they_o will_v thus_o more_o strong_o bind_v stephen_n batori_fw-la to_o their_o interest_n oblige_v he_o to_o marry_v the_o princess_n anne_n though_o she_o be_v somewhat_o elderly_a but_o this_o prove_v of_o a_o very_a unhappy_a consequence_n for_o all_o the_o church_n of_o sweden_n for_o stephen_n battori_n die_v afterward_o at_o iroane_n on_o the_o 12_o of_o december_n 1586_o without_o leave_v any_o issue_n the_o republic_n still_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o jagellone_n choose_v sigismond_n the_o three_o the_o son_n of_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o of_o catharine_n sister_n to_o sigismond_n augustus_n and_o thus_o nephew_n to_o queen_n anne_n stephen_n battoris_n widow_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o election_n sigismond_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v poland_n the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n leave_v the_o government_n of_o sweden_n to_o his_o uncle_n the_o duke_n of_o sudermania_n who_o afterward_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o he_o abolish_v the_o roman_a religion_n and_o establish_v the_o lutheran_n which_o he_o public_o profess_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o polander_n as_o to_o their_o prefer_v the_o offspring_n of_o their_o king_n before_o other_o be_v so_o true_a that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o acknowledge_v a_o regal_a state_n even_o at_o a_o time_n when_o they_o be_v all_o stranger_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n they_o choose_v venda_n to_o be_v their_o queen_n be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o be_v leave_v of_o the_o line_n of_o cracus_n their_o third_n king_n long_o after_o this_o lewis_z king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n have_v choose_v for_o his_o successor_n sigismond_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o have_v wed_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o republic_n meet_v at_o radom_n in_o the_o year_n 1312_o and_o the_o diet_n past_o a_o constitution_n whereby_o sigismond_n be_v exclude_v however_o declare_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o due_a regard_n have_v to_o the_o princess_n his_o wife_n the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v afterward_o their_o vote_n for_o ziemowitz_n duke_n of_o masovia_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v wed_v hedwige_n who_o be_v king_n lewis_n daughter_n but_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o mother_n will_v not_o consent_v that_o her_o daughter_n shall_v marry_v so_o inconsiderable_a a_o prince_n as_o be_v the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n though_o he_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a house_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v not_o only_o some_o consideration_n for_o all_o those_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n but_o that_o they_o have_v also_o a_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o widow_n of_o their_o king_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o they_o oblige_v king_n john_n casimir_n to_o marry_v queen_n maria_n aloisia_n the_o widow_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o four_o his_o brother_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n this_o will_v further_o appear_v by_o the_o proposal_n that_o be_v make_v to_o queen_n eleonor_n of_o austria_n the_o widow_n of_o king_n michael_n during_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n in_o the_o year_n 1674._o for_o the_o pole_n insist_v upon_o that_o queen_n marry_v the_o prince_n of_o newburg_n for_o who_o the_o french_a use_v their_o interest_n insomuch_o that_o on_o the_o 18_o of_o may_n four_o bishop_n come_v to_o that_o queen_n and_o assure_v she_o that_o provide_v she_o will_v consent_v to_o wed_v that_o prince_n he_o will_v certain_o be_v elect_v and_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o mind_n of_o all_o the_o different_a party_n will_v be_v reunite_v but_o queen_n eleonor_n who_o be_v the_o emperor_n sister_n and_o who_o then_o do_v nothing_o but_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o chancellor_n patz_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o court_n of_o vienna_n make_v they_o no_o other_o answer_n but_o that_o she_o have_v some_o friend_n in_o the_o diet_n who_o will_v take_v care_n of_o her_o interest_n a_o draw_v trezebsckâ—_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o that_o be_v depute_v on_o that_o account_n to_o the_o queen_n and_o afterward_o to_o chancellor_n patz_n who_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v her_o chief_a councillor_n but_o that_o chancellor_n who_o have_v a_o mind_n the_o election_n shall_v fall_v on_o prince_n charles_n of_o lorraine_n who_o the_o emperor_n do_v very_o earnest_o recommend_v make_v answer_v that_o he_o will_v have_v no_o other_o but_o the_o prince_n of_o lorraine_n and_o not_o the_o prince_n of_o newburg_n the_o event_n soon_o convince_v he_o of_o his_o error_n and_o make_v he_o know_v that_o he_o have_v take_v wrong_a measure_n and_o not_o understand_v his_o true_a interest_n for_o as_o he_o have_v govern_v king_n michael_n and_o still_o have_v a_o absolute_a sway_n over_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o queen_n he_o may_v easy_o have_v govern_v also_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n who_o be_v young_a and_o who_o his_o queen_n may_v have_v incline_v as_o she_o will_v have_v think_v fit_a the_o chancellor_n batz_n be_v so_o positive_a in_o his_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a matter_n to_o make_v he_o alter_v it_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o his_o word_n and_o when_o ever_o he_o have_v engage_v it_o to_o any_o body_n he_o be_v sure_a to_o keep_v it_o inviolable_o his_o own_o interest_n not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v he_o recant_v and_o indeed_o the_o conference_n which_o he_o have_v with_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n ambassador_n at_o belveder_n whither_o i_o keep_v he_o company_n make_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o his_o own_o interest_n alone_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v he_o alter_v his_o measure_n for_o i_o understand_v afterward_o from_o he_o that_o considerable_a offer_n have_v be_v make_v he_o and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v represent_v to_o he_o what_o advantage_n the_o election_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n will_v bring_v to_o all_o his_o family_n but_o all_o this_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o affect_v he_o and_o so_o that_o conference_n be_v to_o no_o purpose_n neither_o for_o he_o nor_o for_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n
nay_o even_o his_o lady_n though_o a_o french-woman_n of_o the_o house_n of_o mailly_n can_v never_o be_v bring_v to_o side_n with_o the_o french_a faction_n though_o very_o advantageous_a offer_n be_v make_v to_o she_o she_o be_v lady_n of_o honour_n to_o queen_n eleonor_n and_o have_v promise_v she_o to_o be_v faithful_a to_o she_o which_o she_o do_v inviolable_o this_o unshaken_a fidelity_n in_o a_o austrian_a french-woman_n be_v such_o that_o even_o the_o french_a themselves_o can_v not_o but_o admire_v and_o esteem_v it_o it_o be_v their_o nature_n to_o prefer_v that_o virtue_n to_o all_o the_o advantage_n that_o can_v be_v propose_v to_o they_o to_o engage_v they_o to_o part_v with_o it_o france_n have_v then_o almost_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n its_o enemy_n but_o be_v still_o so_o fortunate_a that_o heaven_n will_v not_o somuch_o as_o suffer_v she_o to_o compass_v those_o thing_n which_o she_o most_o earnest_o desire_v when_o in_o process_n of_o time_n those_o thing_n may_v have_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o her_o interest_n thus_o the_o divine_a providence_n will_v not_o permit_v the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n to_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n though_o france_n use_v all_o her_o endeavour_n to_o make_v the_o choice_n fall_v upon_o he_o which_o if_o it_o have_v take_v effect_n will_v undoubted_o have_v be_v disadvantageous_a to_o that_o nation_n for_o that_o prince_n will_v not_o have_v fail_v to_o have_v prove_v her_o enemy_n as_o do_v his_o father_n soon_o after_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n i_o return_v now_o to_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n power_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o the_o place_n and_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o duchy_n those_o on_o who_o he_o bestow_v they_o ought_v not_o only_o to_o be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n but_o aught_o also_o to_o be_v possess_v of_o some_o estate_n in_o land_n in_o the_o state_n or_o country_n to_o which_o the_o say_a place_n or_o office_n proper_o belong_v so_o that_o a_o gentleman_n who_o estate_n lie_v all_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n can_v have_v a_o office_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n neither_o can_v he_o who_o estate_n be_v altogether_o in_o the_o duchy_n have_v a_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o order_n be_v regular_o observe_v though_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v now_o proper_o but_o one_o body_n and_o be_v no_o more_o than_o one_o people_n differ_v but_o in_o few_o thing_n as_o to_o their_o manner_n of_o live_v nevertheless_o in_o the_o time_n that_o i_o live_v in_o lithuania_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o polite_a part_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n come_v near_o to_o to_o the_o french_a than_o the_o polander_n do_v in_o all_o their_o way_n and_o particular_o in_o their_o briskness_n and_o gayty_n though_o lithuania_n be_v remote_a from_o france_n than_o poland_n when_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n enter_v a_o city_n the_o magistrate_n ought_v always_o to_o bring_v he_o the_o key_n and_o he_o have_v power_n to_o make_v his_o own_o regiment_n of_o guard_n keep_v watch_v at_o the_o gate_n the_o citizen_n of_o dantzick_n alone_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o guard_v their_o own_o gate_n when_o the_o king_n enter_v that_o city_n nay_o they_o have_v a_o right_a to_o hinder_v any_o force_n from_o enter_v with_o the_o king_n and_o to_o go_v the_o round_n all_o night_n in_o the_o street_n as_o long_o as_o he_o stay_v within_o their_o wall_n but_o it_o must_v indeed_o be_v acknowledge_v that_o dantzic_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a hans-town_n be_v proper_o a_o free_a republic_n under_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n consequent_o it_o have_v all_o the_o mark_n of_o a_o entire_a sovereignty_n for_o it_o condemn_v to_o death_n without_o appeal_n even_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n themselves_o if_o they_o happen_v to_o commit_v any_o crime_n there_o that_o deserve_v a_o capital_a punishment_n it_o have_v a_o mint_n of_o its_o own_o and_o coin_n its_o own_o money_n without_o any_o previous_a leave_n or_o permission_n obtain_v from_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n though_o they_o stamp_v the_o king_n image_n upon_o it_o and_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o take_v in_o payment_n the_o base_a money_n of_o that_o state_n however_o though_o the_o people_n of_o dantzic_n may_v thus_o be_v reckon_v a_o republic_n and_o particular_a sovereign_a state_n they_o be_v nevertheless_o oblige_v to_o send_v to_o the_o diet_n some_o deputy_n who_o never_o fail_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o dantzic_n and_o who_o consequently_n never_o fail_v to_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o chancellor_n who_o always_o desire_v they_o to_o be_v silent_a forbid_v they_o to_o take_v that_o quality_n upon_o they_o which_o yet_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o take_v afterward_o in_o the_o follow_a diet_n dantzic_n be_v situate_v about_o a_o league_n from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o almost_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n vistula_n that_o city_n till_o the_o year_n 1170_o consist_v only_o of_o some_o fishermen_n cottage_n but_o have_v raise_v itself_o since_o that_o time_n to_o such_o a_o height_n of_o greatness_n that_o it_o pass_v now_o for_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o europe_n it_o must_v indeed_o be_v own_a that_o it_o be_v a_o fine_a and_o stately_a place_n and_o its_o port_n or_o harbour_v very_o famous_a but_o of_o difficult_a access_n because_o the_o vistula_n divide_v itself_o into_o several_a branch_n before_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o branch_n which_o go_v to_o dantzic_n be_v one_o of_o the_o least_o of_o they_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o great_a ship_n have_v not_o water_n enough_o to_o anchor_v with_o their_o lade_n through_o that_o branch_n into_o the_o harbour_n of_o dantzic_n between_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o port_n there_o lie_v a_o fort_n which_o be_v call_v the_o light-house_n because_o there_o be_v a_o beacon_n in_o it_o where_o there_o be_v a_o light_a every_o night_n that_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v come_v into_o the_o harbour_n may_v discover_v it_o a_o far_o off_o dantzic_n be_v the_o town_n of_o the_o great_a trade_n in_o all_o prussia_n most_o of_o which_o traffic_n consist_v in_o corn_n as_o do_v almost_o all_o the_o trade_n of_o poland_n the_o dantzicker_n have_v such_o a_o privilege_n that_o none_o but_o themselves_o can_v be_v allow_v to_o buy_v any_o corn_n of_o the_o polander_n when_o once_o it_o be_v enter_v in_o their_o port_n whether_o vast_a quantity_n be_v bring_v to_o they_o from_o all_o part_n by_o the_o vistula_n half_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o port_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n since_o the_o time_n that_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n oblige_v the_o dantzicker_n to_o grant_v he_o that_o tribute_n for_o their_o presumption_n in_o propose_v some_o provoke_v condition_n to_o he_o before_o they_o will_v suffer_v his_o deputy_n to_o come_v into_o their_o city_n dantzic_n be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o all_o prussia_n it_o be_v about_o seven_o league_n from_o elbing_n and_o twenty_o six_o from_o thorn_n it_o be_v well_o enough_o fortify_v consider_v the_o country_n since_o the_o irruption_n which_o the_o sweede_v make_v into_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655._o but_o there_o be_v some_o ground_n that_o overlook_v and_o command_v it_o on_o the_o westside_n from_o this_o town_n the_o polander_n draw_v what_o good_n they_o want_v of_o foreign_a growth_n and_o manufacture_n as_o cloth_n silk_n stuff_n leather_n paper_n sugar_n oil_n and_o all_o the_o spice_n which_o they_o use_v in_o very_o great_a quantity_n to_o season_n their_o fish_n and_o other_o meat_n i_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o wine_n and_o brandy_n nor_o of_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v bring_v thither_o from_o france_n and_o worth_a but_o a_o crown_n the_o french_a muid_n or_o hogshead_n because_o as_o for_o wine_n the_o pole_n like_o no_o other_o but_o that_o of_o hungary_n as_o for_o brandy_n they_o make_v it_o at_o home_n with_o corn_n and_o as_o for_o salt_n their_o country_n abound_v with_o it_o thus_o the_o wine_n brandy_n and_o salt_n that_o come_v from_o france_n to_o dantzic_n serve_v only_o for_o prussia_n however_o there_o be_v such_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o other_o good_n export_v from_o dantzic_n to_o poland_n and_o so_o great_a a_o return_v make_v from_o that_o kingdom_n thither_o in_o corn_n money_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o only_a place_n from_o which_o they_o draw_v all_o their_o necessary_n and_o to_o which_o they_o trade_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o to_o be_v admire_v how_o that_o town_n be_v come_v to_o be_v so_o rich_a and_o considerable_a all_o the_o dantzicker_n be_v former_o roman_a catholic_n but_o they_o embrace_v the_o
which_o they_o may_v rise_v to_o that_o of_o chancellor_n and_o both_o those_o officer_n must_v be_v ecclesiastic_n next_o to_o the_o great_a secretary_n be_v the_o referendary_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o duchy_n there_o be_v two_o of_o they_o in_o each_o state_n one_o a_o layman_n and_o the_o other_o a_o ecclesiastic_a they_o present_a petition_n to_o the_o king_n and_o return_v his_o majesty_n answer_n and_o though_o they_o be_v not_o member_n of_o the_o senate_n they_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o sit_v by_o the_o senator_n in_o judgement_n of_o process_n upon_o information_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n and_o afterward_o to_o pronounce_v the_o sentence_n that_o be_v give_v it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o judge_n and_o officer_n of_o justice_n all_o the_o advocate_n proctor_n register_n and_o notary_n wear_v a_o sabre_n or_o scimitar_n by_o their_o side_n and_o do_v not_o lay_v it_o aside_o either_o when_o they_o judge_v or_o plead_v a_o cause_n and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o garb_n than_o what_o they_o usual_o wear_v there_o be_v four_o general_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n in_o poland_n 2_o for_o the_o crown_n and_o 2_o for_o lithuania_n viz._n a_o great_a general_n and_o a_o petty_a or_o lieutenant-general_n those_o general_n of_o the_o army_n have_v no_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n unless_o they_o be_v palatine_n or_o castellan_n or_o be_v possess_v of_o some_o of_o those_o office_n which_o entitle_v they_o to_o a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n the_o great_a general_n command_v the_o whole_a army_n and_o have_v power_n to_o quarter_v the_o troop_n where_o he_o please_v the_o king_n himself_o not_o be_v able_a to_o hinder_v he_o and_o this_o power_n be_v so_o considerable_a that_o it_o make_v a_o great_a general_n formidable_a to_o all_o the_o nobility_n his_o office_n be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o soldier_n which_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o republic_n commit_v no_o disorder_n that_o the_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n may_v not_o be_v overawe_v by_o the_o army_n he_o held_n the_o army_n order_v its_o encampment_n put_v it_o in_o battalion_n and_o give_v the_o signal_n of_o battle_n and_o of_o retreat_n he_o take_v care_n of_o the_o convoy_n and_o ammunition_n set_v a_o price_n on_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o army_n regulate_v the_o weight_n and_o measure_n and_o punish_v offender_n the_o office_n of_o the_o petty_a general_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o those_o who_o be_v appoint_v for_o guard_n and_o of_o the_o party_n that_o be_v send_v out_o to_o discover_v the_o enemy_n he_o command_v the_o foreign_a troop_n and_o even_o the_o whole_a army_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o general_n and_o succeed_v he_o in_o course_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o vacancy_n there_o be_v many_o other_o office_n in_o the_o army_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o great_a standard-bearer_n and_o the_o next_o that_o of_o great_a master_n of_o the_o artillery_n as_o for_o the_o office_n of_o the_o court_n the_o most_o considerable_a be_v those_o of_o the_o great_a chamberlain_n great_a master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o steward_n or_o master_n of_o the_o household_n beside_o all_o those_o office_n there_o be_v other_o in_o the_o palatinat_n as_o chamberlain_n master_n of_o the_o household_n and_o many_o other_o for_o the_o province_n of_o poland_n be_v former_o divide_v among_o several_a prince_n each_o of_o who_o have_v their_o particular_a officer_n and_o though_o those_o province_n have_v be_v long_o since_o reunited_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o the_o officer_n still_o contiâ—â—e_v and_o enjoy_v certain_a honorary_a privilege_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v that_o they_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o their_o palatinate_n when_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n be_v absent_a chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la a_fw-la interregnum_fw-la may_v happen_v four_o several_a way_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n by_o his_o voluntary_a and_o public_a abdication_n by_o his_o force_a and_o javoâ—â—ntary_a deposition_n or_o by_o his_o flight_n 〈◊〉_d go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o the_o most_o usual_a be_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n who_o body_n be_v immediate_o lay_v upon_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n and_o some_o senator_n both_o ecclesiastic_a and_o secular_a be_v choose_v to_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o republic_n order_v all_o the_o necessary_a expense_n for_o the_o ceremony_n to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o treasure_n leave_v by_o the_o decease_a king_n the_o same_o honour_n be_v also_o give_v to_o the_o queen_n after_o their_o decease_n as_o i_o have_v occasion_n to_o observe_v at_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n mary_n lovise_n who_o die_v at_o warsaw_n may_v 10._o 1667._o in_o the_o palace_n which_o king_n john_n casimir_n her_o husband_n have_v in_o the_o suburb_n the_o next_o day_n she_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o castle_n where_o she_o be_v expose_v on_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n till_o she_o be_v remove_v to_o cracow_n to_o be_v inter_v she_o die_v about_o the_o end_n of_o a_o diet_n and_o almost_o sudden_o of_o a_o defluxion_n upon_o her_o lung_n occasion_v by_o a_o too_o long_o and_o earnest_a dispute_n with_o general_n patz_n about_o a_o affair_n she_o have_v propose_v to_o he_o which_o he_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o for_o that_o princess_n be_v so_o fond_a of_o intrigue_v and_o so_o desirous_a to_o govern_v the_o state_n alone_o that_o she_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n jealous_a of_o the_o king_n her_o husband_n who_o dare_v not_o speak_v to_o any_o woman_n in_o private_a lest_o she_o shall_v imagine_v that_o he_o be_v govern_v by_o another_o this_o troublesome_a constraint_n make_v he_o so_o uneasy_a that_o he_o be_v not_o much_o afflict_v at_o her_o death_n for_o the_o same_o night_n he_o return_v from_o the_o diet_n to_o the_o palace_n to_o see_v a_o person_n who_o he_o have_v love_v before_o but_o dare_v never_o entertain_v during_o the_o queen_n life_n the_o interregnum_fw-la may_v also_o happen_v by_o a_o voluntary_a abdication_n when_o a_o king_n free_o resign_v the_o crown_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a to_o see_v a_o king_n descend_v voluntary_o from_o the_o throne_n and_o few_o will_v imitate_v the_o example_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n who_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v twenty_o year_n with_o the_o love_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n make_v a_o public_a resignation_n in_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n septemb_n 16._o 1668._o notwithstanding_o the_o earnest_a solicitation_n of_o the_o whole_a senate_n and_o of_o all_o the_o nobility_n to_o make_v he_o alter_v his_o resolution_n and_o the_o tear_n that_o be_v shed_v by_o all_o the_o people_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o so_o dismal_a a_o revolution_n for_o he_o be_v so_o universal_o belove_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o senate_n that_o they_o voluntary_o assign_v he_o a_o yearly_o pension_n of_o 50000_o crown_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o their_o acknowledgement_n towards_o a_o prince_n who_o have_v govern_v they_o so_o well_o nevertheless_o that_o pension_n be_v never_o pay_v though_o it_o be_v afterward_o insert_v in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o king_n michael_n swear_v to_o observe_v after_o his_o election_n the_o abdicated_a king_n go_v to_o france_n where_o he_o die_v at_o nevers_n december_n 16._o 1672._o i_o can_v on_o this_o occasion_n forbear_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o odd_a circumstance_n in_o the_o fate_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o his_o queen_n for_o the_o latter_a quit_v france_n and_o go_v to_o poland_n where_o she_o die_v in_o her_o husband_n city_n and_o the_o former_a leave_v foland_n and_o go_v to_o france_n where_o he_o die_v in_o his_o wive_n city_n innovation_n be_v always_o dangerous_a to_o a_o state_n and_o threaten_v it_o with_o some_o fatal_a revolution_n which_o the_o polander_n consider_v endeavour_v to_o prevent_v the_o consequence_n of_o so_o unusual_a a_o action_n cause_v a_o article_n to_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o they_o make_v king_n michael_n swear_v to_o observe_v that_o never_o any_o king_n shall_v be_v suffer_v to_o abdicate_v for_o the_o future_a but_o that_o article_n be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o pacta_fw-la which_o king_n john_n the_o iiid_n swear_v after_o his_o election_n in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n john_n at_o warsaw_n june_n 5._o 1674._o an_fw-mi interregnum_fw-la may_v be_v also_o occasion_v by_o the_o depose_v of_o a_o prince_n either_o for_o heresy_n or_o some_o other_o notorious_a crime_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o locticus_n who_o be_v depose_v for_o his_o excessive_a debauchery_n and_o succeed_v by_o wenceslaus_n king_n of_o bobemia_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1300._o but_o those_o instance_n be_v very_o rare_a as_o well_o as_o the_o example_n of_o a_o
prince_n fly_v from_o his_o kingdom_n like_o henry_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o iii_o of_o france_n who_o have_v receive_v advice_n of_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n the_o ixth_o his_o brother_n by_o a_o courier_n that_o be_v dispatch_v to_o he_o by_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n secret_o depart_v from_o cracow_n after_o he_o have_v enjoy_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n five_o month_n with_o the_o love_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v so_o trouble_v at_o his_o flight_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o good_a a_o prince_n that_o they_o write_v on_o the_o 12_o of_o may_n 1574._o a_o very_a press_v and_o respectful_a letter_n to_o persuade_v he_o to_o return_v the_o polander_n look_v upon_o the_o interregnum_n as_o the_o most_o favourable_a occasion_n to_o confider_v of_o the_o sure_a and_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o preserve_v their_o liberty_n and_o though_o the_o royal_a authority_n be_v then_o proper_o lodge_v in_o the_o senate_n it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n represent_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o senator_n as_o i_o intimate_v before_o during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o nobleman_n be_v send_v to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n to_o stay_v with_o they_o and_o to_o assist_v they_o with_o their_o advice_n in_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o war._n some_o senator_n be_v also_o depute_a to_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n to_o visit_v the_o treasury_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o make_v a_o inventary_a of_o it_o with_o those_o that_o have_v the_o key_n which_o they_o present_v at_o the_o next_o coronation_n commissioner_n be_v also_o appoint_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o revenue_n that_o be_v set_v apart_o for_o the_o king_n table_n and_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o it_o to_o the_o republic_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la and_o till_o the_o new_a king_n be_v proclaim_v the_o republic_n pretend_v that_o all_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o even_o crown_v head_n themselves_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v they_o the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a but_o when_o the_o king_n of_o france_n write_v to_o the_o republic_n assemble_v in_o a_o diet_n of_o election_n he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o serenity_n and_o only_o write_v in_o these_o term_n to_o our_o most_o dear_a and_o great_a friend_n ally_n and_o confederate_n the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o foland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n nor_o be_v it_o reasonable_a that_o a_o king_n of_o france_n shall_v give_v the_o republic_n of_o poland_n the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a since_o they_o do_v not_o give_v their_o own_o king_n either_o the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a or_o of_o majesty_n i_o shall_v only_o observe_v further_a on_o this_o subject_a that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n have_v notify_v by_o his_o circular_a letter_n that_o the_o king_n be_v dead_a all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o be_v not_o open_v again_o till_o after_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o new_a elect_v king_n except_o the_o marshal_n court_n which_o continue_v open_a and_o another_o which_o be_v establish_v for_o decide_v controversy_n that_o may_v happen_v during_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n but_o as_o for_o all_o other_o cause_n and_o private_a law-suit_n they_o be_v not_o try_v till_o after_o the_o king_n coronation_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n since_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v elective_a all_o christian_a prince_n may_v pretend_v to_o the_o succession_n and_o send_v ambassador_n thither_o whether_o they_o be_v catholic_n or_o not_o but_o those_o who_o aspire_v to_o that_o crown_n must_v either_o profess_v the_o roman_n catholic_n faith_n or_o resolve_v to_o embrace_v it_o after_o their_o election_n for_o otherwise_o he_o can_v be_v choose_v and_o it_o be_v only_o for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o pope_n send_v a_o nuncio_n to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n that_o he_o may_v represent_v to_o the_o republic_n that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n that_o they_o shall_v choose_v a_o catholic_n prince_n who_o be_v a_o zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o true_a faith_n of_o christ_n the_o polander_n usual_o choose_v a_o foreign_a prince_n for_o their_o king_n because_o they_o can_v without_o reluctancy_n submit_v to_o those_o who_o be_v former_o their_o equal_n they_o esteem_v it_o their_o happiness_n that_o they_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o choose_v such_o a_o prince_n as_o they_o please_v but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o their_o liberty_n be_v frequent_o the_o cause_n of_o fatal_a division_n they_o will_v not_o choose_v a_o prince_n who_o be_v king_n of_o another_o realm_n lest_o after_o his_o election_n and_o after_o he_o have_v remain_v for_o some_o time_n among_o they_o he_o shall_v leave_v they_o to_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o casimir_n iii_n they_o will_v not_o choose_v vladislaus_n his_o son_n because_o he_o be_v king_n of_o hungary_n and_o robemia_n and_o this_o be_v also_o one_o of_o the_o reason_n which_o in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o radom_n in_o the_o year_n 1382_o make_v the_o republic_n exclude_v sigismond_n of_o luxemburg_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n as_o have_v marry_v the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o lewis_n king_n of_o those_o two_o kingdom_n before_o the_o ambassador_n come_v to_o warsaw_n they_o be_v to_o notify_v their_o arrival_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o appoint_v lodging_n for_o they_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o city_n and_o send_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n to_o each_o of_o they_o to_o observe_v their_o action_n and_o to_o hinder_v they_o from_o make_v party_n but_o those_o rule_n be_v seldom_o put_v in_o execution_n for_o the_o ambassador_n of_o prince_n live_v open_o at_o warsaw_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n appoint_v to_o attend_v every_o one_o of_o they_o during_o the_o diet_n that_o the_o republic_n may_v be_v inform_v of_o their_o proceed_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o bribe_v or_o corrupt_v the_o deputy_n but_o this_o be_v a_o inconveniency_n that_o can_v be_v avoid_v by_o all_o these_o precation_n for_o the_o desire_n of_o money_n be_v so_o reign_v a_o vice_n in_o poland_n and_o attend_v with_o so_o little_a scandal_n and_o infamy_n that_o the_o fidelity_n which_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n owe_v to_o his_o country_n will_v not_o be_v proof_n against_o 1000_o crown_n it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o ambassador_n to_o manage_v all_o the_o senator_n and_o the_o whole_a order_n of_o the_o nobility_n since_o the_o disoblige_a of_o one_o of_o they_o may_v render_v they_o incapable_a of_o compass_v their_o design_n thus_o the_o quarrel_v with_o chancellor_n patz_n in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n anno_fw-la 1668._o be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n be_v exclude_v and_o michael_n vicznowieski_n be_v elect_v king_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o election_n be_v tumultuary_a that_o the_o nobility_n have_v not_o a_o free_a vote_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n hurry_v away_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o prasmowski_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v force_v to_o proclaim_v he_o which_o he_o be_v unwilling_a to_o do_v because_o he_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o danger_n that_o threaten_v the_o republic_n in_o that_o juncture_n and_o of_o the_o great_a need_n they_o have_v of_o a_o rich_a and_o valiant_a prince_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o know_v that_o king_n michael_n want_v both_o those_o quality_n for_o he_o be_v so_o poor_a that_o during_o the_o life_n of_o queen_n mary_n lovise_n he_o have_v nothing_o to_o subsist_v upon_o as_o i_o intimate_v before_o but_o a_o pension_n which_o she_o allow_v he_o of_o 6000_o livre_n a_o year_n and_o as_o for_o his_o courage_n it_o may_v be_v guess_v at_o by_o what_o happen_v immediate_o after_o his_o election_n when_o he_o dare_v not_o resent_v the_o affront_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o without_o ask_v his_o permission_n cause_v a_o prussian_a gentleman_n who_o have_v flee_v to_o poland_n for_o protection_n to_o be_v seize_v and_o carryd_v away_o before_o the_o king_n eye_n and_o almost_o under_o the_o window_n of_o his_o palace_n it_o be_v plain_a then_o that_o the_o polander_n ought_v to_o have_v choose_v a_o prince_n that_o be_v equal_o brave_a and_o rich_a and_o able_a to_o support_v their_o totter_v state_n for_o if_o they_o have_v consider_v their_o true_a interest_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o sovereign_n the_o turk_n will_v never_o have_v have_v the_o
circular_a letter_n to_o summon_v the_o nobility_n and_o to_o notify_v the_o day_n of_o the_o general_n diet_n and_o in_o those_o circular_a letter_n he_o mention_n every_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o the_o general_n diet_n all_o the_o gentleman_n in_o poland_n have_v the_o privilege_n to_o assist_v at_o the_o petty_a diet_n where_o they_o choose_v their_o nunioes_n or_o deputy_n to_o who_o they_o give_v instruction_n contain_v all_o they_o ought_v to_o grant_v or_o refuse_v in_o the_o general_n diet._n those_o nunioes_n be_v first_o establish_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o casimir_n iii_o who_o to_o raise_v money_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o his_o army_n order_v all_o the_o palatinat_n to_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o the_o general_n diet_n to_o find_v out_o the_o most_o proper_a mean_n to_o supply_v his_o necessity_n and_o since_o that_o time_n no_o general_n diet_n can_v be_v hold_v without_o deputy_n from_o all_o the_o palatinat_n the_o general_a diet_n be_v wont_a to_o depute_v 16_o senator_n who_o be_v choose_v among_o the_o bishop_n palatine_n and_o castellan_n 4_o of_o who_o be_v to_o be_v always_o with_o the_o king_n to_o take_v care_n that_o nothing_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o since_o the_o year_n 1649_o they_o have_v join_v to_o they_o a_o deputy_n of_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o palatinat_n every_o thing_n that_o be_v conclude_v and_o ordain_v by_o those_o deputy_n with_o the_o king_n approbation_n have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o law_n and_o if_o they_o neglect_v to_o reside_v at_o court_n or_o to_o perform_v their_o duty_n they_o be_v fine_v a_o layman_n in_o 2000_o livre_n and_o a_o ecclesiastic_a in_o 6000._o all_o the_o general_a diet_n be_v begin_v by_o the_o election_n of_o a_o speaker_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o must_v be_v choose_v out_o of_o one_o of_o the_o three_o nation_n first_o among_o the_o deputy_n of_o upper_a poland_n second_o among_o those_o of_o lower_n poland_n and_o in_o the_o three_o and_o last_o place_n among_o those_o of_o lithuania_n which_o frequent_o occasion_n debate_n that_o last_v for_o several_a day_n the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n be_v chosea_n the_o king_n give_v he_o his_o hand_n to_o kiss_v and_o afterward_o make_v the_o same_o compliment_n to_o all_o the_o deputy_n after_o which_o the_o chancellor_n proposes_n the_o point_n that_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o in_o the_o diet_n which_o be_v always_o different_a according_a to_o the_o various_a occasion_n of_o the_o republic_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o can_v forbear_v observe_v that_o the_o polander_n spend_v more_o time_n in_o drink_v than_o in_o deliberate_v concern_v their_o affair_n for_o they_o never_o enter_v upon_o business_n till_o they_o begin_v to_o want_v money_n to_o buy_v hungary_n wine_n after_o the_o chancellor_n have_v in_o the_o king_n name_n propose_v to_o the_o diet_n all_o the_o article_n they_o be_v to_o deliberate_a upon_o the_o speaker_n or_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n acquaint_v the_o king_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o nobility_n with_o what_o they_o desire_v of_o he_o which_o be_v to_o redress_v the_o grievance_n and_o regulate_v the_o abuse_n commit_v either_o against_o the_o state_n or_o particular_a person_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o royal_a gift_n the_o benefice_n and_o office_n that_o be_v vacant_a and_o to_o distribute_v they_o according_a to_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o bestow_n of_o two_o of_o they_o that_o be_v inconsistent_a to_o one_o person_n after_o which_o the_o chancellor_n make_v answer_n for_o the_o king_n that_o his_o majesty_n will_v satisfy_v they_o after_o he_o have_v take_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n have_v a_o great_a authority_n over_o they_o in_o the_o diet_n for_o it_o be_v he_o who_o impose_v silence_n and_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n and_o consequent_o since_o his_o authority_n enable_v he_o either_o to_o animate_v or_o moderate_a their_o heat_n he_o be_v always_o extreme_o respect_v and_o the_o court_n be_v particular_o kind_a to_o he_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n then_o that_o there_o be_v so_o much_o intrigue_v at_o his_o election_n and_o that_o the_o contest_v be_v usual_o so_o hot_a for_o it_o be_v the_o business_n of_o the_o court_n to_o procure_v a_o marshal_n that_o will_v promote_v their_o design_n in_o the_o diet_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o deputy_n who_o choose_v he_o have_v a_o different_a interest_n from_o that_o of_o the_o court_n and_o be_v always_o afraid_a of_o lose_v their_o liberty_n or_o of_o see_v their_o privilege_n abridge_v by_o some_o new_a law_n those_o different_a interest_n be_v frequent_o the_o reason_n that_o there_o be_v some_o deputy_n who_o regard_v only_o their_o private_a advantage_n oppose_v the_o election_n of_o he_o who_o the_o court_n will_v have_v choose_v that_o the_o king_n may_v bribe_v they_o with_o some_o benefice_n employment_n or_o royal_a gift_n and_o there_o be_v not_o only_a deputy_n who_o make_v a_o noise_n at_o the_o election_n of_o the_o marshal_n but_z during_o the_o whole_a progress_n of_o the_o diet_n that_o they_o may_v extort_v favour_n from_o the_o court_n nay_o there_o be_v some_o who_o force_v the_o king_n to_o comply_v with_o they_o by_o threaten_v to_o break_v up_o the_o diet_n if_o he_o do_v not_o answer_v their_o expectation_n for_o there_o be_v so_o few_o of_o they_o that_o have_v a_o sincere_a regard_n to_o the_o true_a interest_n of_o the_o republic_n that_o there_o be_v scarce_o one_o to_o be_v find_v among_o they_o that_o be_v capable_a of_o resist_v the_o temptation_n of_o 2000_o crown_n thus_o the_o court_n may_v purchase_v the_o vote_n of_o the_o member_n or_o dissolve_v a_o overbold_a and_o obstinate_a diet_n by_o seatter_v sufficient_a sum_n among_o the_o mercenary_a deputy_n and_o even_o not_o only_o the_o neighbour_n but_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n may_v by_o the_o same_o mean_n procure_v a_o rupture_n in_o the_o diet_n when_o they_o find_v the_o honest_a party_n resolve_v to_o take_v effectual_a measure_n for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o republic_n before_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v resolve_v in_o the_o diet_n it_o must_v be_v propose_v by_o the_o deputy_n and_o approve_v by_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n and_o before_o it_o can_v pass_v into_o a_o law_n it_o must_v be_v revise_v by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n and_o two_o of_o the_o deputy_n beside_o or_o else_o by_o three_o senator_n and_o six_o deputy_n after_o which_o it_o must_v be_v read_v in_o the_o senate_n in_o the_o king_n presence_n and_o the_o chancellor_n must_v ask_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n whether_o the_o king_n senators_z and_o deputy_n will_v have_v the_o seal_v put_v to_o it_o then_o it_o be_v seal_v and_o insert_v in_o the_o register_n of_o warsaw_n or_o in_o those_o of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o one_o of_o the_o king_n secretary_n take_v care_v to_o get_v it_o print_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o public_a treasury_n that_o it_o may_v be_v send_v to_o the_o petty_a diet_n and_o to_o the_o court_n of_o all_o the_o palatinat_n they_o treat_v in_o all_o diet_n not_o only_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o also_o of_o particular_a person_n thus_o in_o one_o of_o the_o diet_n they_o take_v cognizance_n of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o order_n of_o maltha_n and_o prince_n demetrius_n vicznowieski_n who_o take_v possession_n of_o a_o estate_n which_o the_o duke_n ostrog_n his_o brother-in-law_n have_v give_v to_o that_o order_n and_o in_o another_o diet_n those_o who_o murder_v gonczeski_n petty_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v prosecute_v and_o condemn_v to_o be_v behead_v but_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n against_o the_o king_n the_o polander_n pretend_v that_o neither_o his_o majesty_n nor_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n ought_v to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o judge_a and_o determine_v of_o the_o cause_n and_o it_o be_v on_o this_o score_n that_o the_o marshal_n lubomiski_n complain_v against_o k._n john_n casimir_n who_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v condemn_v for_o contumacy_n in_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n anno_fw-la 1664._o nevertheless_o in_o a_o diet_n hold_v in_o the_o same_o city_n 1582._o king_n steven_n batteri_n bring_v several_a deputy_n into_o the_o senate_n to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o trial_n and_o judgement_n of_o sborowski_n who_o be_v accuse_v of_o treason_n against_o the_o king_n which_o that_o great_a prince_n do_v that_o all_o the_o nobility_n may_v be_v witness_n of_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o proceed_n it_o be_v in_o a_o general_n diet_n that_o they_o give_v the_o indigenat_n that_o be_v the_o right_a of_o nobility_n to_o stranger_n which_o render_v they_o capable_a of_o possess_v some_o small_a pension_n or_o gift_n of_o the_o
republic_n that_o right_o be_v now_o give_v to_o those_o who_o be_v in_o favour_n at_o court_n or_o protect_v by_o some_o great_a lord_n whereas_o former_o it_o be_v grant_v only_o to_o officer_n as_o a_o recompense_n for_o their_o service_n do_v to_o the_o state_n those_o who_o be_v not_o officer_n and_o yet_o pretend_v to_o the_o indigenat_n by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n procure_v their_o name_n to_o be_v insert_v in_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v among_o the_o name_n of_o the_o officer_n who_o demand_v to_o be_v make_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o every_o one_o of_o the_o pretender_n give_v in_o a_o account_n of_o his_o genealogy_n name_n surname_n family_n and_o service_n and_o put_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o after_o they_o have_v be_v receive_v by_o the_o diet_n and_o their_o patent_n seal_v they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n before_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n by_o which_o they_o swear_v to_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o country_n and_o to_o the_o king_n and_o the_o marshal_n give_v they_o a_o certificate_n declare_v that_o the_o diet_n have_v receive_v such_o a_o one_o for_o its_o natural_a son_n and_o that_o he_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n before_o he_o yet_o though_o a_o stranger_n be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n can_v bestow_v any_o considerable_a employment_n or_o consistorial_n benefice_n on_o he_o or_o his_o child_n to_o the_o three_o generation_n for_o the_o republic_n have_v make_v this_o provision_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o assure_v of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o those_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o any_o office_n or_o enjoy_v any_o benefice_n according_a to_o the_o constitution_n and_o law_n of_o poland_n a_o diet_n must_v not_o sit_v above_o six_o week_n and_o the_o nobility_n be_v so_o fond_a and_o jealous_a of_o their_o privilege_n that_o when_o the_o king_n endeavour_v to_o prolong_v the_o session_n of_o a_o diet_n and_o even_o when_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o state_n require_v the_o sit_v of_o that_o assembly_n the_o deputy_n be_v always_o ready_a to_o oppose_v such_o a_o innovation_n and_o charge_v their_o marshal_n to_o acquaint_v the_o king_n that_o they_o will_v immediate_o leave_v the_o diet_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o perceive_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o keep_v they_o long_o than_o usual_o i_o shall_v only_o mention_v one_o instance_n of_o this_o unaccountable_a obstinacy_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o diet_n assemble_v at_o the_o coronation_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1649._o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n at_o pilaveze_n and_o afterwerd_n the_o dreadful_a irruption_n of_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v reduce_v the_o republic_n almost_o to_o the_o last_o extremity_n and_o since_o the_o diet_n have_v be_v so_o busy_v in_o determine_v particular_a affair_n that_o they_o have_v not_o time_n to_o consider_v of_o the_o mean_n to_o raise_v a_o sufficient_a army_n to_o oppose_v the_o progress_n of_o so_o barbarous_a and_o formidable_a a_o enemy_n till_o the_o very_a day_n before_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o diet_n the_o king_n and_o the_o senator_n endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o avoid_v the_o terrible_a danger_n that_o threaten_v they_o and_o for_o that_o end_n resolve_v to_o prolong_v the_o diet_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o deputy_n be_v inform_v of_o this_o resolution_n they_o send_v their_o marshal_n to_o the_o senator_n to_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o law_n which_o forbid_v the_o prolong_n of_o diet_n and_o afterward_o to_o take_v leave_n of_o the_o king_n the_o marshal_n to_o execute_v his_o commission_n go_v to_o the_o senate_n and_o begin_v to_o thank_v the_o king_n and_o to_o take_v leave_n of_o he_o in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n whereupon_o the_o senator_n rise_v up_o desire_v that_o they_o will_v condescend_v to_o sit_v only_o one_o day_n long_o represent_v the_o press_v exigency_n of_o the_o present_a juncture_n the_o chancellor_n second_v these_o entreaty_n with_o a_o very_a move_a and_o pathetic_a harangue_n after_o which_o the_o marshal_n have_v resume_v his_o character_n which_o he_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o go_v back_o to_o the_o deputy_n and_o pray_v they_o to_o give_v their_o opinion_n concern_v the_o prolongation_n which_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n desire_v the_o deputy_n meet_v again_o at_o the_o return_n of_o their_o marshal_n and_o be_v at_o last_o prevail_v with_o though_o not_o without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n to_o consent_v that_o the_o diet_n shall_v be_v prolong_v but_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o every_o one_o of_o they_o shall_v obtain_v whatever_o his_o palatinat_n have_v charge_v he_o to_o ask_v chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n the_o general_a diet_n for_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n be_v always_o hold_v in_o the_o open_a field_n about_o half_a a_o league_n from_o warsaw_n near_o the_o village_n of_o vola_fw-la where_o they_o erect_v a_o sort_n of_o booth_n cover_v with_o board_n at_o the_o public_a charge_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n be_v call_v szopa_n or_o a_o shelter_n from_o bad_a wether_n this_o place_n be_v build_v and_o prepare_v by_o the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o ditch_n and_o have_v three_o door_n the_o day_n appoint_v for_o the_o diet_n be_v come_v the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n go_v to_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n to_o hear_v the_o mass_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o to_o beg_v the_o grace_n of_o god_n in_o order_n to_o the_o elect_v of_o a_o new_a king_n who_o may_v have_v all_o the_o qualitys_n necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o church_n and_o of_o the_o republic_n after_o which_o they_o go_v to_o the_o szopa_n where_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n elect_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n that_o be_v send_v by_o the_o petty_a diet_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n and_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n go_v to_o salute_v the_o senator_n and_o to_o be_v confirm_v by_o their_o approbation_n after_o these_o preliminary_n the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n enter_v into_o a_o union_n or_o association_n which_o they_o ratify_v and_o confirm_v with_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o separate_v from_o one_o another_o not_o to_o name_v any_o person_n for_o king_n nor_o acknowledge_v he_o as_o such_o till_o he_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o they_o all_o they_o swear_v also_o to_o preserve_v all_o the_o right_n privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o he_o who_o shall_v do_v otherwise_o shall_v be_v declare_v a_o enemy_n to_o his_o country_n they_o promise_v reciprocal_o neither_o to_o give_v their_o voice_n for_o a_o election_n nor_o to_o enter_v into_o any_o agreement_n with_o the_o candidate_n or_o their_o ambassador_n till_o all_o the_o irregularity_n and_o disorder_n that_o have_v be_v commit_v either_o in_o the_o kingdom_n or_o duchy_n be_v consider_v and_o redress_v they_o annul_v and_o make_v void_a all_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o tribunal_n and_o even_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o king_n that_o be_v find_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o their_o liberty_n and_o promise_v to_o make_v a_o law_n to_o that_o purpose_n they_o declare_v that_o all_o the_o judgement_n give_v before_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la shall_v be_v valid_a and_o that_o they_o will_v approve_v of_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v do_v by_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n establish_v during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la which_o be_v call_v kaptur_n and_o be_v design_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n for_o coin_v of_o money_n for_o raise_v of_o soldier_n and_o for_o maintain_v the_o law_n they_o forbid_v any_o person_n to_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n with_o stranger_n or_o with_o fire-arm_n they_o ordain_v that_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n shall_v take_v a_o oath_n before_o commissioner_n to_o discharge_v the_o trust_n that_o be_v repose_v in_o they_o with_o all_o possible_a fidelity_n to_o make_v no_o other_o use_n of_o their_o troop_n than_o to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o secure_v the_o honour_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o oblige_v they_o also_o to_o swear_v to_o assert_v the_o public_a interest_n in_o case_n of_o a_o sedition_n or_o revolt_v to_o restrain_v the_o soldier_n from_o injure_v any_o person_n to_o receive_v no_o money_n either_o from_o the_o clergy_n or_o laity_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o soldier_n from_o receive_v any_o after_o which_o they_o forbid_v the_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n to_o march_v with_o their_o force_n into_o
on_o they_o and_o to_o all_o the_o city_n according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v ordain_v in_o the_o precede_a diet_n and_o to_o what_o shall_v afterward_o be_v ordain_v in_o the_o follow_a diet_n shall_v be_v inviolable_o keep_v and_o preserve_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v issue_v out_o his_o letter_n patent_n to_o confirm_v they_o in_o all_o their_o clause_n and_o condition_n they_o also_o frequent_o add_v several_a other_o article_n according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o present_a juncture_n and_o the_o quality_n and_o circumstance_n of_o the_o elect_v prince_n as_o for_o the_o ceremony_n that_o be_v use_v when_o they_o make_v the_o king_n swear_v the_o capitulation_n the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o deputy_n carry_v it_o before_o he_o after_o the_o mass_n be_v say_v and_o require_v he_o to_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o observe_v it_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n then_o the_o king_n be_v upon_o his_o knee_n before_o the_o great_a altar_n say_v after_o the_o chancellor_n we_o n._n choose_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n prussia_n massovia_n samogitia_n kiovia_n volhinia_n podolia_n podlassia_n livonia_n smolensko_n siberia_n and_o czernichovia_n promise_v to_o almighty_a god_n and_o swear_v upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o observe_v maintain_v and_o accomplish_v all_o the_o condition_n agree_v upon_o at_o our_o election_n by_o our_o ambassador_n with_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o our_o ambassador_n and_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o according_a to_o all_o the_o clause_n point_n article_n and_o condition_n mention_v therein_o and_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o speciality_n can_v derogate_v from_o the_o generality_n nor_o the_o generality_n from_o the_o speciality_n all_o which_o we_o promise_v to_o ratify_v by_o our_o oath_n on_o the_o day_n of_o our_o coronation_n after_o the_o king_n have_v swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la the_o chancellor_n give_v he_o the_o decree_n of_o his_o election_n write_v in_o parchment_n and_o sign_v by_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n the_o republic_n of_o poland_n use_v these_o precaution_n at_o the_o election_n of_o their_o king_n that_o if_o afterward_o he_o shall_v act_v contrary_a to_o what_o he_o promise_v to_o obsorve_v the_o senator_n may_v have_v a_o right_a to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o duty_n it_o be_v the_o breach_n of_o one_o of_o those_o article_n which_o give_v the_o polander_n occasion_n to_o complain_v of_o king_n michael_n for_o in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o he_o swear_v to_o observe_v they_o have_v insert_v this_o article_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o marry_v any_o princess_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n nevertheless_o without_o ask_v their_o consent_n he_o marry_v the_o emperor_n sister_n and_o the_o party_n that_o be_v form_v against_o he_o look_v upon_o this_o as_o a_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o compel_v he_o to_o abdicate_v if_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v elect_v be_v not_o present_a at_o warsaw_n he_o take_v the_o oath_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o the_o republic_n send_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o oblige_v himself_o before_o they_o to_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o sigismond_n the_o three_o swear_v to_o keep_v the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzick_n anno_fw-la 1587._o as_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o by_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o poland_n that_o the_o great_a marshal_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o petty_a marshal_n carry_v the_o staff_n erect_v before_o the_o king_n when_o he_o go_v to_o any_o ceremony_n but_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o his_o election_n to_o his_o coronation_n they_o carry_v the_o staff_n bow_v down_o that_o when_o the_o king_n issue_n out_o any_o letter_n order_n or_o constitution_n he_o only_o assume_v the_o quality_n of_o king_n elect_a and_o that_o no_o dispatch_n can_v be_v seal_v but_o with_o the_o little_a seal_n of_o the_o closet_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o election_n be_v perfect_v by_o the_o coronation_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o seal_n of_o it_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o king_n coronation_n a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v exercise_v the_o royal_a authority_n before_o his_o coronation_n for_o he_o can_v neither_o dispose_v of_o any_o office_n nor_o benesice_n nor_o so_o much_o as_o grant_v any_o favour_n nor_o use_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o his_o name_n and_o be_v shut_v up_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la can_v make_v a_o decree_n till_o after_o his_o coronation_n it_o be_v the_o new_a king_n who_o appoint_v the_o day_n for_o this_o ceremony_n which_o must_v be_v perform_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n in_o the_o castle_n this_o city_n take_v its_o name_n from_o king_n cracus_n who_o build_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 700_o after_o he_o have_v leave_v gnesna_n which_o be_v former_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o vistula_n in_o upper_a poland_n it_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o bishop_n who_o be_v a_o suffragan_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n the_o city_n be_v very_o large_a fine_a and_o well-built_a but_o the_o street_n be_v ill_o pave_v as_o in_o most_o other_o city_n of_o that_o country_n however_o the_o street_n be_v very_o broad_a and_o straight_o with_o a_o great_a square_n in_o the_o middle_n where_o the_o townhouse_n be_v build_v the_o castle_n or_o the_o king_n palace_n be_v seat_v upon_o a_o little_a eminence_n or_o rock_n the_o foot_n of_o which_o be_v wash_v by_o the_o vislula_n the_o circumference_n of_o this_o eminence_n be_v very_o small_a and_o consequent_o the_o palace_n be_v of_o no_o very_a great_a extent_n and_o as_o for_o the_o church_n though_o it_o be_v the_o cathedral_n of_o a_o great_a diocese_n and_o the_o buryingplace_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o small_a and_o least_o beautiful_a structure_n of_o that_o kind_n that_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o see_v in_o that_o country_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o king_n house_n be_v real_o well_o build_v but_o beside_o the_o extraordinary_a smallness_n and_o obscurity_n of_o the_o court_n it_o have_v neither_o garden_n wood_n nor_o water_n nor_o be_v it_o adorn_v with_o any_o wall_n or_o avenue_n it_o be_v former_o a_o strong_a place_n when_o the_o strength_n of_o place_n consist_v in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o situation_n but_o it_o be_v now_o only_o fit_a to_o refist_n some_o fly_a party_n of_o horse_n it_o be_v here_o where_o the_o jewel_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v keep_v with_o the_o royal_a ornament_n that_o be_v use_v at_o the_o king_n coronation_n there_o be_v also_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o little_a hill_n or_o rise_v ground_n on_o which_o it_o stand_v the_o cave_n or_o den_n of_o that_o furious_a dragon_n which_o make_v such_o a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o all_o the_o neighbour_a place_n and_o which_o it_o be_v say_v cracus_n kill_v by_o lay_v some_o meat_n for_o he_o mix_v with_o pitch_n and_o brimstone_n when_o the_o coronation-day_n draw_v near_o the_o king_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o cracow_n on_o horseback_n the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o city_n carry_v a_o canopy_n of_o state_n before_o he_o the_o troop_n both_o horse_n and_o foot_n march_v before_o with_o their_o officer_n and_o be_v follow_v by_o the_o palatine_n bishop_n and_o ambassador_n on_o horseback_n the_o ceremony_n be_v doubtless_o very_o splendid_a and_o i_o know_v not_o where_o a_o traveller_n can_v have_v occasion_n to_o see_v a_o more_o magnificent_a cavalcade_n a_o man_n who_o ride_v on_o horseback_n before_o the_o king_n scatters_z some_o small_a piece_n of_o silver_n stamp_v with_o the_o effigy_n of_o the_o new_a king_n among_o the_o people_n in_o the_o street_n but_o this_o liberality_n cost_v he_o so_o little_a that_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v there_o be_v a_o hundred_o crown_n distribute_v thus_o the_o king_n be_v conduct_v from_o the_o city_n gate_n to_o the_o castle_n pass_v through_o the_o public_a place_n where_o there_o be_v several_a triumphal_a arch_n adorn_v with_o statue_n device_n and_o various_a inscription_n on_o the_o day_n that_o precede_v the_o coronation_n which_o be_v call_v the_o day_n of_o expiation_n they_o perform_v the_o funeral_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n who_o body_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o church_n of_o st._n stanislaus_n at_o schalka_n where_o the_o marshal_n break_v their_o staff_n and_o the_o chancellor_n their_o seal_n against_o the_o king_n coffin_n the_o new_a king_n go_v also_o thither_o
which_o he_o restore_v the_o key_n and_o make_v some_o of_o the_o burgess_n of_o the_o city_n or_o of_o some_o other_o place_n golden_a knight_n by_o strike_v they_o soft_o with_o his_o naked_a sword_n upon_o the_o shoulder_n this_o do_v the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n scatter_v some_o piece_n of_o silver_n among_o the_o people_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o king_n go_v to_o a_o house_n that_o look_v into_o the_o square_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o the_o castle_n with_o the_o same_o train_n that_o accompany_v he_o to_o the_o townhouse_n i_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o get_v himself_o crown_v as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o i_o shall_v take_v this_o occasion_n to_o show_v what_o advantage_n he_o receive_v by_o it_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o assoon_o as_o the_o polish_v nobleman_n have_v choose_v their_o king_n they_o begin_v to_o look_v upon_o he_o as_o a_o usurper_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o king_n look_v upon_o the_o nobility_n as_o a_o formidable_a body_n that_o oppose_v all_o his_o design_n now_o he_o can_v either_o weaken_v they_o or_o strengthen_v himself_o more_o effectual_o than_o by_o make_v they_o pay_v dear_a for_o the_o favour_n he_o bestow_v upon_o '_o they_o for_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o the_o office_n benesices_n and_o royal_a gift_n which_o amonnt_n to_o a_o three_o part_n of_o all_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o he_o can_v do_v till_o after_o his_o coronation_n nevertheless_o the_o late_a king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o observe_v this_o maxim_n that_o though_o he_o may_v have_v be_v crown_v immediate_o after_o the_o day_n of_o his_o election_n which_o be_v may_n 19_o 1674._o he_o do_v not_o appoint_v the_o day_n for_o his_o coronation_n till_o feb._n 2._o 1676._o during_o which_o time_n he_o make_v two_o campagnes_n one_o in_o vkrania_n and_o the_o other_o in_o podolia_n as_o for_o that_o in_o vkrania_n he_o set_v out_o from_o warsaw_n august_n 22._o 1674._o and_o advance_v towards_o leopold_n where_o his_o army_n be_v to_o rendezvous_n there_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o queen_n his_o wife_n lie_v sick_a at_o casimir_n upon_o the_o vistula_n whereupon_o he_o leave_v the_o camp_n at_o leopold_n and_o arrive_v at_o casimir_n on_o the_o 8_o of_o october_n not_o long_o after_o he_o return_v to_o the_o army_n because_o the_o night_n begin_v to_o grow_v so_o cold_a that_o the_o turk_n who_o be_v not_o accustom_a to_o such_o a_o cold_a climate_n begin_v to_o think_v of_o retire_v after_o the_o turk_n have_v withdraw_v their_o force_n the_o king_n lead_v the_o army_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o of_o lithuania_n which_o both_o together_o amount_v to_o about_o 30000_o man_n into_o vkrania_n where_o he_o keep_v they_o so_o long_o that_o the_o lithuanian_a troop_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o great_a general_n patz_n abandon_v he_o to_o avoid_v the_o miserable_a fate_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n which_o be_v so_o harass_v with_o hunger_n and_o cold_a that_o it_o be_v reduce_v to_o less_o than_o 3000_o man_n for_o the_o king_n stay_v in_o vkrania_n till_o april_n and_o arrive_v on_o the_o 25_o of_o that_o month_n at_o sloczow_n whither_o the_o queen_n be_v come_v to_o receive_v he_o the_o turk_n understanding_n that_o the_o polish_v army_n be_v ruin_v in_o vkrania_n that_o the_o king_n be_v go_v back_o with_o the_o miserable_a remnant_n of_o his_o force_n and_o that_o those_o of_o lithuania_n have_v leave_v he_o against_o his_o will_n they_o return_v with_o a_o great_a army_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n 1675_o when_o the_o king_n be_v at_o jawarow_n think_v of_o nothing_o but_o to_o refresh_v himself_o after_o the_o fatigue_n of_o the_o precede_a campaign_n but_o upon_o the_o first_o advice_n of_o the_o march_n of_o the_o ottoman_a army_n which_o consist_v of_o 30000_o turk_n and_o 80000_o tartar_n he_o set_v out_o from_o jawarow_a the_o 10_o of_o july_n and_o march_v in_o haste_n to_o leopold_n which_o the_o turk_n threaten_v to_o besiege_v he_o encamp_v near_o the_o city_n with_o about_o 3000_o man_n who_o he_o have_v draw_v together_o and_o the_o turk_n be_v inform_v of_o his_o weakness_n send_v a_o body_n of_o 14000_o tartar_n to_o force_v his_o camp_n but_o they_o dare_v not_o attack_v he_o it_o be_v give_v out_o that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o tartar_n be_v kill_v on_o the_o 24_o of_o august_n 1675_o in_o the_o attack_z of_o the_o camp_n at_o leopold_n though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v only_o one_o horse_n wound_v with_o a_o arrow_n for_o the_o tartar_n retire_v without_o lose_v one_o of_o their_o man_n or_o wound_v one_o of_o their_o enemy_n the_o turk_n as_o i_o intimate_v before_o be_v not_o able_a to_o bear_v the_o extreme_a coldness_n of_o the_o winter_n in_o poland_n for_o have_v once_o enter_v russia_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n and_o not_o return_v soon_o enough_o they_o be_v surprise_v with_o so_o violent_a a_o cold_a that_o above_o 40000_o of_o they_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n and_o many_o be_v find_v dead_a in_o their_o horse_n belly_n into_o which_o they_o have_v creep_v to_o secure_v themselves_o from_o the_o cold._n and_o it_o be_v this_o that_o oblige_v they_o to_o retire_v out_o of_o poland_n by_o the_o end_n of_o october_n at_o far_a chap._n xx._n of_o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n have_v discourse_v at_o length_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o of_o their_o election_n and_o coronation_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o queen_n it_o be_v certain_o of_o great_a importance_n to_o the_o republic_n that_o a_o king_n when_o he_o marry_v shall_v choose_v a_o princess_n who_o alliance_n may_v be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o state_n and_o therefore_o this_o article_n be_v insert_v in_o the_o paeta_n conventa_fw-la which_o the_o new_a king_n swear_v to_o observe_v that_o he_o shall_v not_o marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n for_o they_o be_v as_o much_o concern_v as_o the_o king_n himself_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o queen_n though_o the_o polish_v nobility_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o choose_v any_o of_o his_o child_n to_o succeed_v he_o so_o that_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n unless_o he_o resolve_v to_o violate_v his_o oath_n and_o expose_v himself_o to_o the_o jealousy_n and_o hatred_n of_o his_o people_n who_o be_v not_o easy_o pacify_v on_o such_o occasion_n thus_o when_o sigismond_n iii_o marry_v ann_n of_o austria_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o cause_v she_o to_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1592._o he_o meet_v with_o so_o much_o opposition_n in_o the_o diet_n that_o be_v afterward_o hold_v at_o warsaw_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v his_o fault_n as_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n so_o he_o can_v divorce_v his_o wife_n without_o the_o same_o approbation_n for_o when_o sigismond_n augustus_n the_o last_o of_o the_o race_n of_o the_o jagellon_n separate_v from_o elizabeth_n of_o austria_n because_o of_o a_o crime_n with_o which_o she_o be_v false_o charge_v and_o after_o her_o death_n marry_v one_o radziwill_n a_o widow_n of_o a_o palatin_n of_o troki_n the_o senator_n be_v so_o exasperate_v that_o they_o have_v almost_o proceed_v to_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a because_o he_o slight_v his_o fair_a and_o chaste_a queen_n and_o wife_n and_o marry_v the_o widow_n of_o a_o simple_a palatin_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o vladislaus_n the_o iv_o pursue_v wise_a maxim_n he_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o danger_n of_o irritate_v a_o stubborn_a and_o seditious_a people_n and_o have_v a_o more_o tender_a regard_n to_o the_o article_n he_o have_v swear_v to_o observe_v for_o when_o the_o king_n of_o england_n offer_v he_o his_o niece_n the_o elector_n palatine_n daughter_n in_o marriage_n he_o decline_v the_o match_n and_o declare_v that_o he_o neither_o can_v nor_o will_v marry_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n which_o in_o that_o case_n he_o can_v not_o expect_v to_o obtain_v because_o the_o princess_n be_v a_o protestant_n when_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n marry_v after_o his_o coronation_n the_o queen_n can_v be_v crown_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o if_o he_o be_v marry_v before_o he_o may_v cause_v she_o also_o to_o be_v crown_v without_o ask_v their_o consent_n so_o that_o the_o report_n which_o be_v spread_v abroad_o after_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n iii_o be_v false_a and_o groundless_a for_o it_o be_v give_v out_o that_o the_o queen_n his_o wife_n will_v
of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o gentleman_n both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n who_o be_v choose_v in_o each_o palatinat_n the_o lay-member_n once_o in_o four_o year_n and_o the_o ecclesiastic_n every_o two_o year_n the_o judgement_n be_v give_v by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n but_o in_o matter_n that_o be_v pure_o ecclesiastical_a the_o number_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n must_v be_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o the_o secular_a there_o be_v also_o two_o court_n for_o affair_n relate_v to_o the_o finance_n one_o at_o radom_n in_o upper_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o at_o vilna_n the_o palatine_n take_v cognizance_n of_o nothing_o but_o such_o matter_n as_o relate_v to_o the_o jew_n the_o marshal_n give_v final_a judgement_n without_o further_a appeal_n in_o all_o cause_n both_o civil_a and_o criminal_a relate_v to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n household_n and_o to_o the_o domestic_a servant_n of_o the_o senator_n who_o remain_v with_o the_o king_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o marshal_n extend_v over_o the_o merchant_n and_o over_o all_o forreignner_n who_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o procure_v justice_n in_o this_o country_n the_o chancellor_n only_o determine_v such_o cause_n as_o be_v bring_v before_o they_o by_o appeal_n as_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o of_o palatine_n when_o the_o difference_n be_v between_o a_o christian_a and_o a_o jew_n the_o punishment_n of_o malefactor_n be_v of_o several_a kind_n some_o for_o example_n be_v hang_v and_o other_o behead_v the_o variety_n of_o punishment_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o the_o criminal_n but_o from_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o crime_n for_o they_o hang_v a_o robber_n of_o what_o quality_n soever_o he_o be_v and_o they_o behead_v all_o sort_n of_o person_n for_o all_o other_o crime_n but_o robbery_n unless_o for_o some_o enormous_a villainy_n which_o be_v punish_v by_o break_v the_o malefactor_n on_o the_o wheel_n or_o by_o cut_v off_o two_o thoug_n or_o long_a piece_n of_o the_o skin_n of_o his_o back_n master_n have_v also_o a_o power_n to_o correct_v and_o chastise_v their_o servant_n which_o they_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o servant_n that_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v be_v a_o gentleman_n they_o make_v he_o lie_v down_o upon_o his_o belly_n on_o a_o carpet_n that_o be_v spread_v upon_o the_o ground_n than_o a_o man_n beat_v he_o on_o the_o back_n with_o a_o cord_n or_o stick_v give_v he_o as_o many_o blow_v or_o lash_n as_o the_o master_n who_o be_v usual_o present_a order_n after_o which_o he_o who_o be_v beat_v embrace_v the_o knee_n of_o he_o who_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v beat_v and_o call_v he_o his_o benefactor_n this_o correction_n seem_v a_o little_a too_o severe_a but_o the_o humour_n of_o the_o people_n make_v it_o necessary_a since_o i_o have_v mention_v the_o way_n of_o punish_v servant_n who_o be_v gentleman_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o observe_v that_o polish_v gentleman_n may_v serve_v as_o coachman_n groom_n cook_n and_o do_v all_o the_o mean_a office_n without_o derogate_a from_o their_o nobility_n or_o render_v they_o incapable_a of_o the_o high_a preferment_n for_o i_o have_v know_v some_o of_o they_o who_o after_o they_o have_v be_v footboy_n to_o some_o great_a lord_n and_o other_o who_o after_o they_o have_v be_v drummer_n to_o a_o company_n of_o dragoon_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o senator_n and_o in_o the_o general_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o handicraft-trade_n that_o derogate_v from_o nobility_n in_o this_o country_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n marriage_n and_n funeral_n be_v extreme_o chargeable_a in_o poland_n for_o when_o a_o gentleman_n marry_v whether_o he_o be_v rich_a or_o poor_a the_o wedding_n must_v last_v three_o day_n the_o marriage_n of_o a_o waiting-gentlewoman_n put_v her_o lady_n to_o almost_o the_o same_o charge_n as_o if_o one_o of_o she_o own_o daughter_n be_v marry_v as_o for_o the_o marriage_n at_o court_n of_o the_o queen_n maid_n of_o honour_n or_o of_o the_o daughter_n of_o some_o great_a lord_n on_o the_o first_o and_o second_o day_n the_o king_n make_v the_o wedding-feast_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o a_o great_a hall_n where_o three_o table_n be_v spread_v the_o king_n and_o queen_n sit_v at_o the_o first_o front_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hall_n the_o bride_n and_o bridegroom_n be_v seat_v by_o the_o queen_n side_n and_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n and_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n sit_v next_o the_o king_n the_o ambassador_n be_v also_o seat_v at_o the_o same_o table_n opposite_a to_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n so_o that_o they_o be_v all_o under_o the_o canopy_n of_o state_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o example_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o at_o the_o feast_n which_o sigismond_n iii_o make_v at_o cracow_n upon_o occasion_n of_o his_o marriage_n with_o constance_n of_o austria_n in_o the_o year_n 1606_o he_o cause_v the_o cardinal_n maciejowski_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n who_o be_v nominate_v to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o gnesna_n to_o be_v remove_v from_o under_o the_o canopy_n the_o lady_n senators_z and_o all_o the_o officer_n except_o those_o who_o be_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n be_v seat_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o other_o two_o table_n which_o be_v very_o long_o before_o they_o sit_v down_o they_o be_v all_o call_v over_o in_o order_n that_o they_o may_v take_v their_o place_n according_a to_o their_o rank_n the_o feast_n begin_v usual_o about_o four_o or_o five_o a_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n and_o they_o continue_v drink_v and_o dance_v till_o two_o in_o the_o morning_n the_o senator_n rise_v from_o time_n to_o time_n from_o the_o table_n and_o go_v before_o the_o king_n to_o drink_v his_o health_n and_o do_v he_o obedience_n by_o bend_v the_o knee_n though_o the_o table_n be_v cover_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o provision_n yet_o they_o eat_v but_o little_a at_o those_o feast_n but_o they_o drink_v abundance_n of_o hungary_n wine_n which_o be_v very_o excellent_a and_o one_o may_v say_v that_o though_o it_o be_v very_o dear_a it_o be_v more_o common_a and_o less_o spare_v than_o water_n and_o there_o be_v not_o a_o lady_n at_o table_n who_o have_v not_o before_o her_o a_o dozen_o of_o glass_n of_o wine_n of_o all_o the_o health_n that_o be_v drink_v round_o for_o their_o modesty_n oblige_v they_o only_o to_o touch_v the_o glass_n with_o their_o lip_n so_o that_o they_o spill_v more_o wine_n upon_o the_o table_n and_o in_o the_o dish_n than_o they_o drink_v after_o the_o entertainment_n have_v last_v five_o or_o six_o hour_n they_o begin_v to_o dance_v to_o the_o music_n of_o several_a violin_n and_o small_a portable_a organ_n all_o sort_n of_o people_n dance_n in_o poland_n both_o the_o old_a the_o young_a the_o poor_a and_o the_o rich._n the_o old_a senator_n and_o the_o old_a lady_n begin_v the_o dance_n which_o they_o do_v so_o soft_o and_o modest_o that_o one_o will_v think_v it_o be_v a_o company_n of_o monk_n and_o nun_n walk_v in_o procession_n but_o the_o exercise_n grow_v warm_a by_o degree_n and_o end_n at_o last_o with_o a_o great_a noise_n on_o the_o second_o day_n every_o one_o present_n the_o bride_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o plate_n all_o those_o present_n be_v make_v before_o the_o queen_n and_o the_o bride_n who_o sit_v by_o she_o those_o who_o present_v they_o make_v harangue_n which_o be_v oftentimes_o long_o and_o troublesome_a and_o the_o queen_n chancellor_n answer_v they_o all_o so_o that_o this_o ceremony_n which_o common_o do_v not_o begin_v till_o noon_n last_v sometime_o till_o three_o a_o clock_n after_o which_o they_o begin_v to_o place_v themselves_o at_o the_o table_n on_o the_o three_o day_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o marriage_n be_v perform_v all_o the_o young_a people_n accompany_v the_o bridegroom_n and_o bride_n to_o church_n on_o horseback_n in_o their_o return_n they_o pass_v before_o the_o king_n palace_n the_o trumpet_n and_o kettledrum_n continual_o sound_a from_o the_o balcony_n on_o each_o side_n after_o which_o the_o same_o train_n conduct_n the_o king_n and_o the_o queen_n with_o the_o bride_n to_o the_o bridegroom_n house_n where_o there_o be_v a_o magnificent_a entertainment_n prepare_v for_o they_o after_o they_o rise_v from_o the_o table_n they_o dance_v and_o the_o ball_n be_v over_o every_o one_o retire_v then_o the_o bride_n begin_v to_o weep_v for_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o the_o polish_v gentlewoman_n to_o shed_v tear_n on_o that_o occasion_n and_o to_o seem_v very_o much_o afflict_v because_o otherwise_o they_o will_v run_v the_o hazard_n of_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o impudent_a and_o shameless_a woman_n have_v give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o wedding_n i_o proceed_v to_o speak_v something_o of_o the_o funeral_n which_o be_v so_o pompous_a and_o
the_o say_a deputy_n who_o be_v ask_v why_o he_o thus_o dissent_v answer_v that_o he_o do_v it_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n may_v be_v safe_a and_o lodge_v within_o his_o power_n though_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v corrupt_v have_v say_v this_o and_o cause_v his_o protestation_n to_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o record_n and_o archive_v of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o present_o consent_v with_o the_o rest_n to_o the_o election_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o four_o the_o polish_v nobility_n be_v endow_v with_o so_o many_o privilege_n and_o the_o deputy_n have_v always_o a_o free_a vote_n the_o aristocratical_a state_n of_o poland_n can_v well_o be_v change_v by_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n into_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n for_o whosoever_o offer_v to_o do_v this_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o senate_n to_o be_v perjure_a and_o no_o more_o a_o king_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o late_a king_n john_n the_o three_o oath_n in_o harnoc_n beside_o the_o nobility_n use_v immediate_o to_o complain_v in_o the_o open_a senate_n of_o the_o tyranny_n of_o those_o that_o attempt_v such_o innovation_n as_o do_v a_o certain_a deputy_n out_o of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n king_n stephen_n bathori_n after_o many_o victory_n which_o he_o gain_v and_o several_a province_n with_o which_o he_o enlarge_v the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n begin_v at_o last_o to_o endeavour_v to_o make_v himself_o absolute_a monarch_n of_o poland_n whereupon_o this_o deputy_n express_v himself_o in_o a_o speech_n with_o so_o much_o freedom_n boldness_n and_o vehemence_n that_o the_o king_n ambitious_a and_o passionate_a in_o his_o nature_n not_o be_v able_a to_o let_v the_o deputy_n run_v on_o any_o long_a upon_o that_o topic_n interrupt_v he_o in_o these_o word_n hold_v your_o tongue_n you_o rascal_n to_o which_o the_o deputy_n make_v answer_n i_o be_o no_o rascal_n but_o a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n a_o elector_n of_o king_n and_o a_o deposer_n of_o tyrant_n whereupon_o the_o king_n say_v to_o he_o if_o i_o be_v not_o a_o king_n and_o the_o deputy_n answer_v if_o you_o be_v not_o by_o which_o imperfect_a reply_v the_o deputy_n hint_v to_o the_o king_n that_o he_o do_v not_o want_v courage_n to_o engage_v with_o he_o hand_n to_o hand_n for_o liberty_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v check_v by_o his_o respect_n for_o the_o majesty_n of_o king_n the_o king_n afterward_o have_v bury_v all_o his_o resentment_n advance_v he_o to_o the_o high_a dignity_n nor_o do_v he_o believe_v that_o this_o have_v any_o way_n lessen_v his_o majesty_n on_o the_o contrary_a he_o always_o esteem_v he_o one_o of_o the_o best_a patriot_n and_o lover_n of_o his_o country_n if_o any_o of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n aim_n at_o arbitrary_a government_n or_o act_n contrary_a to_o the_o religion_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n he_o be_v immediate_o depose_v or_o force_v to_o abdicate_v the_o throne_n the_o form_n which_o king_n casimire_n use_v in_o his_o abdication_n be_v as_o follow_v we_o make_v know_v and_o declare_v to_o all_o the_o world_n that_o be_v sensible_a of_o our_o weakness_n which_o grow_v daily_o upon_o we_o with_o our_o age_n we_o be_v unable_a any_o long_o to_o bear_v up_o under_o the_o burden_n of_o so_o great_a weight_n as_o the_o government_n of_o this_o state_n be_v wherefore_o we_o voluntary_o and_o of_o our_o own_o accord_n have_v resolve_v upon_o abdicate_v the_o throne_n that_o we_o wight_n spend_v the_o remainder_n of_o our_o decline_a life_n quiet_o and_o in_o private_a and_o in_o prepare_v for_o a_o better_a life_n that_o never_o end_v for_o this_o reason_n have_v call_v a_o full_a senate_n at_o warsaw_n on_o the_o twelve_o of_o june_n in_o this_o paesent_a year_n we_o open_v our_o mind_n to_o our_o senator_n and_o counsellor_n who_o be_v strike_v with_o the_o greatness_n and_o novelty_n of_o the_o affair_n and_o reverence_v the_o law_n of_o their_o country_n and_o refer_v the_o consideration_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n to_o all_o the_o kingdom_n we_o according_o appoint_v a_o general_n diet_n of_o all_o the_o order_n of_o our_o kingdom_n to_o be_v hold_v on_o the_o six_o and_o twenty_o day_n of_o august_n and_o at_o the_o first_o open_v of_o the_o diet_n make_v know_v our_o intention_n of_o abdicate_v the_o throne_n we_o have_v have_v experience_n of_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o our_o loyal_a citizen_n and_o subject_n who_o bear_v a_o grateful_a memory_n of_o the_o desert_n and_o good_a action_n of_o our_o most_o serene_a predecessor_n and_o pay_v a_o deference_n to_o the_o great_a care_n trouble_n and_o danger_n i_o undergo_v for_o twenty_o year_n together_o in_o various_a turn_v of_o fortune_n in_o so_o many_o camp_n and_o in_o so_o many_o diet_n endeavour_v by_o importunate_a entreaty_n and_o earnest_a request_n to_o keep_v we_o upon_o the_o throne_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o we_o constant_o persist_v in_o our_o resolution_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o we_o shall_v make_v our_o abdication_n or_o resignation_n of_o the_o polish_v crown_n in_o a_o real_a and_o solemn_a manner_n upon_o mature_a and_o serious_a deliberation_n and_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o order_n of_o the_o state_n we_o be_v in_o full_a sowndness_n of_o body_n and_o mind_n do_v free_o and_o without_o constraint_n abdicate_v from_o this_o time_n and_o for_o ever_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o principality_n thereunto_o annex_v we_o restore_v in_o full_a form_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o senate_n of_o the_o marshal_n and_o of_o the_o state_n our_o regal_a dignity_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o of_o ancient_n right_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n we_o absolve_v all_o the_o state_n and_o order_n and_o every_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n from_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n take_v to_o we_o and_o we_o release_v they_o from_o the_o obligation_n of_o homage_n and_o fealty_n the_o duke_n of_o prussia_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v we_o only_o we_o declare_v free_a from_o all_o obligation_n due_a to_o we_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o contract_n make_v for_o the_o dukedom_n of_o prussia_n and_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o any_o right_n of_o fealty_n for_o bitovia_n and_o lawenburgh_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o kureland_n we_o likewise_o declare_v free_v from_o homage_n and_o all_o other_o obligation_n whatsoever_o the_o authentic_a and_o original_a grant_n of_o our_o election_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o we_o restore_v cancel_v and_o annul_v without_o pretend_v to_o claim_v any_o or_o the_o least_o right_o of_o sovereignty_n to_o ourselves_o or_o any_o of_o our_o heir_n within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o principality_n thereunto_o annex_v by_o which_o abdication_n or_o resignation_n of_o the_o regal_a power_n right_o and_o lawful_o make_v and_o ratify_v by_o these_o present_n it_o shall_v be_v and_o be_v within_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n primate_n of_o poland_n and_o chief_a minister_n of_o state_n to_o declare_v the_o throne_n vacant_a and_o to_o perform_v all_o that_o of_o right_n and_o custom_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la and_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v empower_v to_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o poland_n and_o we_o further_o promise_v that_o we_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n hinder_v it_o from_o be_v a_o very_a free_a election_n that_o we_o will_v not_o promote_v the_o interest_n of_o any_o candidate_n and_o that_o during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n we_o will_v remove_v and_o abide_v at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o place_n of_o election_n in_o testimony_n and_o confirmation_n thereof_o we_o have_v command_v these_o our_o letter_n patent_n to_o be_v publish_v under_o the_o royal_a seal_n date_v at_o warsaw_n at_o the_o general_n diet_n of_o the_o kingdom_n sept._n 16._o this_o solemn_a abdication_n make_v by_o king_n casimire_n be_v afterward_o publish_a by_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n the_o substance_n of_o which_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o insert_v here_o that_o so_o the_o abdication_n and_o vacancy_n of_o the_o throne_n after_o the_o departure_n of_o king_n james_n ii_o publish_a by_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n may_v not_o seem_v a_o novelty_n and_o it_o be_v as_o follow_v we_o the_o senate_n and_o officer_n both_o of_o church_n and_o state_n within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o marshal_n of_o both_o country_n be_v assemble_v in_o the_o diet_n do_v manifest_a and_o declare_v that_o after_o the_o example_n of_o our_o predecessor_n
mead_n about_o it_o quick_o draw_v thither_o faustus_n socinus_n cousin_n german_n to_o lelius_n with_o several_a other_o hereupon_o several_a book_n be_v publish_a and_o spread_v over_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o the_o chief_n not_o only_o of_o catholic_n but_o also_o of_o lutheran_n and_o calvinist_n embrace_v the_o opinion_n of_o socinus_n draw_v every_o day_n great_a number_n to_o their_o party_n whereupon_o the_o republic_n for_o fear_n lest_o the_o spark_n already_o kindle_v shall_v set_v the_o whole_a nation_n in_o flame_n and_o lest_o the_o plague_n which_o have_v infect_v many_o of_o the_o member_n shall_v at_o length_n destroy_v the_o whole_a body_n by_o the_o incitement_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o several_a other_o religious_a order_n oblige_v the_o king_n augustus_n to_o banish_v lismaninus_n the_o queen_n confessor_n out_o of_o the_o court_n and_o induce_v he_o to_o issue_v forth_o the_o follow_a edict_n against_o the_o grow_v heresy_n in_o poland_n the_o edict_n of_o king_n sigismond_n against_o the_o socinian_o whereas_o all_o humane_a thing_n be_v altogether_o vain_a and_o unprofitable_a unless_o govern_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o establish_v by_o the_o integrity_n and_o union_n of_o religion_n therefore_o we_o sigismond_n augustus_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o poland_n do_v publish_v and_o declare_v to_o all_o and_o every_o person_n that_o be_v or_o may_v be_v concern_v that_o we_o be_v inform_v by_o our_o counsellor_n of_o church_n and_o state_n that_o several_a heresy_n be_v every_o where_o hatch_v within_o our_o kingdom_n and_o that_o not_o only_o new_a doctrine_n and_o ceremony_n be_v introduce_v but_o also_o that_o several_a of_o our_o unthinking_a subject_n do_v open_o profess_v and_o instruct_v the_o same_o we_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o our_o predecessor_n who_o chief_a care_n and_o study_n be_v to_o propagate_v and_o protect_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o to_o cut_v off_o all_o occasion_n of_o quarrel_n among_o our_o subject_n and_o of_o disturbance_n in_o the_o state_n which_o always_o attend_v dissension_n in_o religion_n and_o think_v this_o to_o be_v the_o proper_a duty_n of_o christian_a king_n and_o prince_n do_v by_o these_o our_o letter_n patent_n testify_v and_o promise_v that_o we_o out_o of_o respect_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o out_o of_o love_n to_o the_o holy_a church_n will_v profess_v and_o maintain_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n within_o all_o our_o dominion_n the_o truth_n and_o sincerity_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a doctrine_n and_o of_o the_o christian_n catholic_n and_o apostolic_a faith_n as_o it_o be_v profess_v by_o the_o holy_a church_n of_o rome_n and_o as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o profess_v constant_o by_o our_o predecessor_n as_o for_o the_o enemy_n thereof_o as_o well_o pagan_n who_o be_v the_o profess_v enemy_n of_o christianity_n as_o heretic_n who_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o be_v christian_n and_o by_o a_o false_a interpretation_n of_o scripture_n destroy_v christianity_n and_o show_v themselves_o to_o be_v alienate_v from_o the_o faith_n and_o the_o religion_n once_o deliver_v by_o the_o apostle_n and_o hitherto_o profess_v by_o the_o roman_n catholic_n church_n these_o we_o shall_v take_v care_n to_o suppress_v and_o to_o banish_v out_o of_o our_o kingdom_n nor_o will_v we_o ever_o admit_v into_o our_o royal_a council_n and_o senate_n nor_o bestow_v any_o place_n of_o honour_n or_o trust_v on_o any_o who_o be_v taint_v with_o heresy_n provide_v we_o be_v satisfy_v of_o it_o if_o any_o shall_v be_v accuse_v before_o we_o we_o will_v take_v care_n by_o the_o divine_a assistance_n that_o the_o statute_n of_o our_o realm_n shall_v with_o the_o utmost_a diligence_n be_v put_v in_o execution_n against_o they_o that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v for_o ever_o brand_v stigmatise_v and_o banish_v their_o country_n unless_o they_o shall_v desire_v to_o be_v reconcile_v to_o their_o holy_a mother_n the_o church_n the_o ecclesiastic_n together_o with_o their_o law_n immunity_n and_o privilege_n both_o public_a and_o private_a we_o will_v defend_v maintain_v and_o protect_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n to_o all_o our_o officer_n and_o governor_n we_o give_v it_o strict_o in_o charge_n and_o command_v they_o under_o the_o penalty_n of_o our_o severe_a displeasure_n that_o they_o be_v not_o negligent_a or_o remiss_a in_o prosecute_a and_o apprehend_v such_o offender_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o any_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v charge_v before_o we_o with_o be_v false_a to_o his_o trust_n and_o to_o our_o command_n he_o shall_v be_v bring_v to_o condign_a punishment_n for_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o all_o the_o premise_n we_o have_v engage_v our_o word_n to_o the_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n nicolas_n ziergowski_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o gnezna_n and_o to_o other_o of_o his_o bishop_n and_o our_o counsellor_n and_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o our_o royal_a trust_n take_v to_o our_o subject_n at_o our_o coronation_n we_o design_v the_o whole_a shall_v be_v faithful_o put_v in_o execution_n in_o testimony_n whereof_o we_o have_v issue_v forth_o these_o our_o letter_n patent_n date_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1550._o and_o in_o the_o second_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n this_o edict_n or_o rather_o manifesto_n of_o king_n augustus_n be_v interpret_v by_o the_o nobility_n to_o be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o their_o interest_n whereupon_o several_a of_o the_o chief_a among_o they_o begin_v to_o stir_v up_o commotion_n and_o rise_v in_o arms._n and_o the_o hatred_n of_o the_o romish_a ecclesiastic_n against_o the_o socinian_o increase_v every_o day_n more_o and_o more_o hence_o spring_v many_o murder_n constant_a feud_n between_o the_o noble_n and_o abundance_n of_o bloodshed_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o state_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o foreign_a war_n can_v not_o then_o prevent_v these_o great_a disorder_n but_o partly_o fear_v a_o civil_a war_n and_o partly_o trust_v to_o the_o vigilance_n and_o pastoral_n care_n of_o the_o ecclesiastic_n for_o the_o present_a forbear_v put_v in_o execution_n the_o severe_a law_n of_o jagello_n against_o heretic_n but_o at_o last_o they_o work_v their_o own_o ruin_n for_o be_v by_o degree_n divide_v into_o the_o faction_n of_o servetus_n and_o samosatanus_fw-la they_o too_o far_o trespass_v on_o that_o indulgence_n the_o state_n allow_v they_o several_a statue_n of_o our_o saviour_n upon_o the_o cross_n be_v break_v by_o the_o student_n of_o racovia_n and_o several_a blasphemy_n be_v utter_v in_o their_o book_n against_o christ_n and_o for_o these_o thing_n be_v severe_o check_v by_o the_o decree_n and_o edict_n of_o john_n casimire_n and_o king_n john_n iii_o all_o those_o who_o will_v not_o embrace_v the_o roman_a faith_n be_v to_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n within_o two_o or_o three_o year_n since_o those_o decree_n of_o the_o king_n and_o republic_n against_o the_o socinian_o be_v still_o in_o force_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o insert_v they_o here_o and_o they_o be_v as_o follow_v john_n casimire_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n etc._n etc._n though_o the_o be_v and_o propogation_n of_o the_o arian_n or_o as_o some_o call_v it_o the_o socinian_n heresy_n in_o our_o dominion_n have_v be_v always_o prohibit_v by_o we_o yet_o because_o the_o aforesaid_a sect_n which_o rob_v the_o son_n of_o god_n of_o his_o praeeternity_n have_v by_o a_o strange_a misfortune_n fatal_a to_o the_o state_n begin_v to_o spread_v itself_o for_o a_o long_a time_n in_o our_o dominion_n as_o well_o of_o poland_n as_o of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n we_o therefore_o reassume_v and_o leave_v in_o its_o full_a force_n the_o statute_n of_o jagello_n our_o predecessor_n enact_v against_o they_o do_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o order_n enact_v concern_v heretic_n that_o if_o any_o such_o shall_v dare_v to_o confess_v propagate_v or_o preach_v the_o say_a arian_n heresy_n or_o to_o protect_v and_o countenance_v it_o or_o its_o promoter_n within_o our_o dominion_n of_o poland_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n and_o the_o province_n thereunto_o annex_v and_o shall_v be_v thereof_o lawful_o convict_v every_o such_o person_n shall_v forthwith_o according_a to_o the_o intent_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a statute_n be_v behead_v by_o our_o captain_n and_o their_o officer_n upon_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o commission_n for_o the_o neglect_n but_o whereas_o we_o be_v willing_a to_o extend_v our_o clemency_n as_o far_o as_o can_v be_v if_o any_o one_o refuse_v to_o renounce_v his_o heresy_n we_o do_v hereby_o grant_v he_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n for_o the_o sell_v off_o his_o good_n his_o estate_n and_o get_v in_o his_o debt_n in_o which_o time_n no_o assembly_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a sect_n shall_v be_v hold_v nor_o shall_v they_o undertake_v any_o public_a
to_o this_o particular_a point_n that_o every_o native_a of_o the_o country_n shall_v be_v exclude_v from_o the_o crown_n therefore_o the_o state_n engage_v themselves_o by_o this_o association_n to_o look_v upon_o every_o native_a of_o this_o country_n who_o shall_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a enemy_n and_o likewise_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o king_n 5._o if_o any_o foreign_a potentate_n or_o grandee_n of_o poland_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o advance_v any_o one_o to_o the_o throne_n by_o foul_a or_o unlawful_a mean_n to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n of_o their_o country_n the_o state_n shall_v unite_v themselves_o from_o this_o time_n forward_o against_o all_o such_o potentate_n and_o promise_v joint_o to_o venture_v their_o life_n and_o fortune_n in_o defence_n of_o their_o liberty_n 6._o we_o will_v preserve_v a_o inviolable_a peace_n with_o those_o who_o profess_v a_o religion_n different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o every_o one_o shall_v be_v maintain_v in_o their_o right_n and_o privilege_n except_o the_o quaker_n and_o mennonites_n 7._o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n be_v fix_v from_o the_o 15_o of_o may_n to_o the_o 26_o of_o june_n inclusive_o 8._o the_o pretension_n of_o the_o royal_a family_n shall_v be_v remit_v to_o the_o diet_n for_o the_o election_n 9_o the_o usual_a place_n appoint_v for_o the_o election_n between_o warsaw_n and_o woba_n shall_v be_v fortify_v according_a to_o custom_n there_o shall_v be_v erect_v a_o building_n for_o the_o deputy_n and_o all_o requisite_a preparation_n take_v for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o person_n either_o go_v in_o or_o come_v out_o 10._o whereas_o the_o army_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n for_o want_v of_o pay_n and_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o their_o association_n shall_v be_v break_v we_o not_o only_o promise_v they_o a_o speedy_a payment_n but_o authorize_v the_o particular_a diet_n to_o find_v out_o necessary_a fund_n for_o that_o purpose_n 11._o because_o the_o new_a regulation_n draw_v up_o for_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o artillery_n be_v not_o sufficient_a the_o treasurer_n of_o the_o crown_n shall_v supply_v what_o be_v want_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o establishment_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1659._o 12._o the_o cardinal_n shall_v during_o his_o regency_n choose_v for_o his_o counsellor_n some_o of_o the_o senate_n and_o nobility_n last_o deputy_n shall_v be_v choose_v to_o appoint_v good_a winter_n quarter_n to_o such_o of_o the_o soldier_n as_o shall_v give_v obedience_n to_o the_o crown_n general_n and_o to_o pay_v they_o what_o be_v their_o due_a to_o reckon_v with_o the_o army_n and_o regulate_v all_o affair_n which_o concern_v the_o salt-mine_n deputy_n be_v immediate_o send_v to_o the_o army_n to_o endeavour_v to_o break_v the_o union_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o count_n jablonowsky_n mareshal_n of_o the_o crown_n they_o offer_v to_o pay_v their_o arrear_n provide_v they_o will_v disunite_v themselves_o but_o they_o return_v answer_n that_o though_o they_o shall_v receive_v full_a satisfaction_n upon_o their_o demand_n they_o will_v not_o break_v off_o their_o confederacy_n before_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a king_n whereupon_o the_o treaty_n break_v off_o and_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o republic_n retire_v to_o leopold_n where_o they_o make_v a_o solemn_a protestation_n against_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o army_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o primate_n be_v print_v and_o disperse_v into_o all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o let_v they_o see_v they_o have_v leave_v no_o stone_n unturned_a to_o bring_v the_o rebel_n to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o republic_n the_o cardinal_n hold_v a_o great_a council_n upon_o this_o subject_a where_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o quarter_n shall_v be_v allow_v to_o any_o troop_n but_o those_o who_o remain_v faithful_a under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o crown_n general_n and_o then_o if_o the_o confederated_a troop_n offer_v to_o take_v up_o their_o quarter_n near_o leopold_n or_o elsewhere_o they_o shall_v be_v drive_v out_o by_o force_n this_o resolution_n do_v not_o discourage_v the_o confederated_a army_n they_o give_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o their_o new_a general_n baronowsky_n who_o cause_v a_o new_a standard_n to_o be_v make_v like_o that_o of_o the_o crown_n general_n have_v paint_v upon_o it_o two_o griffin_n hold_v two_o scimitter_n in_o their_o claw_n with_o these_o word_n pro_fw-la patria_fw-la under_o one_o of_o they_o and_o pro_fw-la exercitu_fw-la under_o the_o other_o the_o tartar_n be_v get_v together_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 30000_o man_n introduce_v a_o great_a convoy_n of_o provision_n into_o caminieck_n and_o have_v notice_n of_o the_o confusion_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n make_v a_o invasion_n into_o volhinia_n carry_v away_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n into_o slavery_n but_o the_o confederate_a troop_n have_v pursue_v they_o charge_v they_o with_o so_o much_o vigour_n that_o they_o rout_v they_o and_o retake_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o booty_n and_o of_o the_o poor_a people_n design_v for_o captivity_n the_o lithuanian_n have_v confederate_v themselves_o as_o well_o as_o the_o pole_n and_o have_v refuse_v the_o same_o offer_n which_o exasperate_v prince_n sapieha_n their_o general_n to_o such_o a_o degree_n that_o he_o undertake_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o their_o duty_n by_o force_n but_o the_o confederate_n defend_v themselves_o with_o so_o much_o bravery_n that_o prince_n sapieha_n be_v force_v to_o return_v with_o considerable_a loss_n this_o disgrace_n put_v he_o upon_o negociation_n and_o have_v gain_v mounseur_fw-fr crispin_n vayvode_n of_o witepsc_n one_o of_o the_o chief_n of_o the_o army_n the_o rest_n follow_v his_o example_n and_o the_o lithuanian_a army_n return_v to_o their_o duty_n upon_o the_o follow_a condition_n 1._o that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o perpetual_a amnesty_n for_o all_o that_o have_v be_v do_v to_o that_o very_a instant_n 2._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v forthwith_o pay_v they_o the_o one_o half_a of_o their_o arrear_n due_a from_o the_o republic_n out_o of_o his_o own_o revenue_n 3._o that_o the_o general_n shall_v promise_n upon_o his_o honour_n not_o to_o molest_v any_o one_o of_o the_o fraternity_n from_o the_o high_a officer_n to_o the_o mean_a soldier_n 4._o that_o on_o their_o side_n they_o shall_v engage_v by_o a_o authentic_a write_n immediate_o to_o quit_v the_o confederacy_n into_o which_o they_o be_v enter_v 5._o and_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o grand_a marshal_n and_o obey_v his_o order_n 6._o and_o last_o that_o for_o the_o future_a they_o shall_v never_o enter_v into_o any_o other_o confederacy_n this_o treaty_n be_v execute_v on_o the_o 27_o of_o november_n and_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n make_v their_o submission_n to_o prince_n sapieha_n this_o reunion_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n weaken_v very_a much_o the_o confederated_a troop_n and_o dispose_v they_o to_o hearken_v to_o some_o new_a term_n that_o be_v offer_v they_o sometime_o after_o and_o to_o return_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o their_o former_a general_n as_o it_o will_v be_v hereafter_o mention_v all_o the_o world_n be_v surprise_v at_o the_o proceed_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o few_o will_v have_v think_v that_o the_o miserable_a condition_n of_o their_o affair_n absolute_o require_v a_o king_n a_o private_a interest_n will_v have_v prevail_v so_o far_o upon_o they_o as_o to_o oblige_v they_o to_o defer_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n to_o sobiesky_n till_o may_n next_o the_o pole_n may_v say_v what_o they_o please_v to_o justify_v this_o resolution_n all_o their_o reason_n be_v but_o a_o thin_a varnish_n over_o a_o private_a sordid_a interest_n which_o rule_v they_o for_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o this_o delay_n be_v only_o to_o give_v time_n to_o many_o prince_n to_o put_v in_o for_o their_o crown_n and_o make_v a_o interest_n with_o they_o to_o obtain_v it_o which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o squandr_v away_o among_o they_o vast_a sum_n of_o money_n this_o consideration_n move_v sometime_o ago_o a_o grave_a senator_n to_o propose_v in_o the_o diet_n to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o cardinal_n who_o choose_v always_o a_o old_a pope_n and_o to_o set_v forth_o in_o a_o very_a eloquent_a speech_n the_o advantage_n that_o the_o nobility_n will_v receive_v from_o frequent_a election_n but_o he_o be_v answer_v that_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o his_o politic_n for_o no_o old_a man_n will_v spend_v such_o sum_n of_o money_n he_o have_v speak_v of_o and_o therefore_o his_o project_n be_v impracticable_a the_o inconvenience_n of_o election_n and_o interregnum_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o be_v likely_a the_o pole_n will_v have_v long_o ago_o make_v the_o crown_n hereditary_n in_o one_o family_n under_o a_o very_a limited_a power_n be_v it_o not_o