Selected quad for the lemma: state_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
state_n	king_n	lord_n	treasurer_n	1,067	5	10.6279	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A91237	The opening of the great seale of England. Containing certain brief historicall and legall observations, touching the originall, antiquity, progresse, vse, necessity of the great seal of the kings and kingdoms, of England, in respect of charters, patents, writs, commissions, and other processe. Together with the kings, kingdoms, Parliaments severall interests in, and power over the same, and over the Lord Chancellour, and the lords and keepers of it, both in regard of its new-making, custody, admi nistration [sic] for the better execution of publike justice, the republique necessary safety, and vtility. Occasioned by the over-rash censures of such who inveigh against the Parliament, for ordering a new great seale to be engraven, to supply the wilfull absence, defects, abuses of the old, unduely withdrawne and detained from them. / By William Prynne, Utter-Barrester of Lincolns Inne. ...	Prynne, William, 1600-1669.	1643 (1643)	Wing P4026; Thomason E251_2; ESTC R234376	44,104	39

public_a end_n alone_o i_o humble_o conceive_v the_o parliament_n both_o lawful_o may_v cause_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o be_v engrave_v constitute_v a_o chan●ellour_n to_o keep_v it_o and_o seal_v writ_n for_o new_a election_n writ_n of_o error_n in_o parliament_n with_o other_o necessary_a writ_n and_o commission_n with_o it_o for_o the_o public_a administration_n expedition_n of_o justice_n the_o better_a transaction_n of_o all_o parliamentary_a state_n affair_n now_o obstruct_v to_o which_o the_o great_a seal_n be_v requisite_a this_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o make_v good_a by_o precedent_n by_o reason_n of_o law_n and_o state-policy_n beginning_n with_o the_o new_a make_n and_o then_o proceed_v to_o the_o keep_n and_o order_n of_o the_o seal_n during_o the_o present_a difference_n and_o necessity_n first_o there_o be_v two_o memorable_a precedent_n in_o our_o history_n and_o record_n of_o make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n without_o the_o king_n actual_a assent_n which_o will_v over-rule_v our_o present_a case_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o the_o ancient_a of_o they_o *_o 67._o king_n henry_n the_o three_o depart_v this_o life_n while_o his_o son_n prince_n edward_n be_v militate_v in_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o christ_n enemy_n hereupon_o the_o noble_n and_o state_n assemble_v at_o the_o new_a temple_n in_o london_n the_o day_n after_o the_o king_n funeral_n proclaim_v prince_n edward_n his_o son_n king_n ordain_v he_o successor_n of_o his_o father_n honour_n though_o they_o know_v not_o whether_o he_o be_v live_v et_fw-la facto_fw-la sigillo_fw-la novo_fw-la write_v matthew_n westminster_n and_o cause_v a_o new_a seal_n to_o be_v make_v so_o daniel_n they_o appoint_v faithful_a minister_n and_o keeper_n for_o the_o faithful_a custody_n both_o of_o the_o seal_n king_n treasure_n and_o kingdom_n peace_n loe_o here_o a_o new_a great_a seal_n make_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o state_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n without_o his_o privity_n for_o the_o necessary_a execution_n of_o justice_n either_o in_o a_o assembly_n out_o of_o parliament_n as_o some_o suppose_v this_o meeting_n be_v or_o at_o least_o wise_a in_o a_o parliament_n assemble_v hold_v yea_o ordain_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n new_a officer_n of_o king_n and_o state_n without_o the_o king_n presence_n or_o privity_n and_o then_o it_o be_v our_o present_a case_n in_o effect_n for_o if_o this_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n even_o out_o of_o or_o in_o parliament_n in_o this_o case_n of_o necessity_n during_o the_o king_n inevitable_a absence_n may_v lawful_o make_v both_o a_o new_a great_a seal_n chancellor_n treasurer_n judge_n justice_n of_o peace_n and_o other_o officer_n of_o king_n and_o state_n as_o they_o do_v and_o conceive_v they_o may_v just_o do_v none_o then_o or_o since_o disavow_v or_o censure_v this_o act_n of_o they_o for_o aught_o i_o read_v but_o all_o approve_v applaud_v it_o as_o legal_a then_o certain_o this_o parliament_n assemble_v and_o ratify_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v the_o great_a sovereign_a power_n and_o have_v far_o more_o jurisdiction_n than_o any_o council_n or_o assembly_n of_o lord_n out_o of_o parliament_n may_v much_o more_o just_o and_o loyal_o cause_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n to_o be_v engrave_v and_o appoint_v a_o keeper_n of_o it_o during_o the_o wilful_a absence_n both_o of_o the_o king_n keeper_n and_o old_a great_a seal_n from_o parliament_n contrary_a to_o all_o law_n and_o former_a precedent_n for_o the_o better_a expedition_n of_o justice_n and_o transaction_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o parliament_n proper_a seal_n and_o ancient_o appoint_v by_o it_o as_o horne_n *_o 15._o precede_a word_n import_v the_o second_o precedent_n be_v that_o of_o king_n henry_n the_o 6_o his_o reign_n who_o be_v but_o a_o *_o grafton_n infant_n of_o 9_o month_n age_n when_o the_o crown_n descend_v to_o he_o there_o *_o 70._o issue_v forth_o a_o commission_n in_o this_o babe_n name_n to_o humphrey_n duke_n of_o gloucester_n his_o uncle_n than_o protector_n to_o summon_v and_o hold_v a_o parliament_n in_o his_o name_n which_o be_v assemble_v num._n 14._o the_o bishop_n of_o durham_n lord_n chaeuncellor_n to_o henry_n the_o 5_o resign_v up_o the_o old_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o 6._o in_o the_o presence_n of_o divar_n credible_a witness_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n resign_v up_o also_o the_o seal_n of_o that_o dukedom_n to_o he_o after_o which_o num._n 15._o it_o be_v enact_v and_o provide_v by_o the_o lord_n protector_n lord_n and_o commons_o in_o that_o parliament_n that_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o crown_n of_o france_n england_n and_o ireland_n be_v now_o lawful_o descend_v to_o the_o king_n which_o title_n be_v not_o express_v in_o the_o king_n seal_n whereby_o great_a peril_n may_v accrue_v to_o the_o king_n if_o the_o say_a inscription_n be_v not_o reform_v according_a to_o his_o title_n of_o inheritance_n that_o therefore_o in_o all_o the_o king_n seal_n as_o well_o in_o england_n as_o in_o ireland_n gvyen_n and_o wales_n this_o new_a style_n shall_v be_v engrave_v henricus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_fw-la rex_fw-la francia_fw-la et_fw-la augliae_fw-la et_fw-la dominus_fw-la hibemiae_fw-la according_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o his_o inheritance_n blot_v out_o whatsoever_o be_v former_o in_o they_o superfluous_a or_o contrary_a to_o the_o say_a stile_n and_o that_o command_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o all_o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o say_a seal_n of_o the_o king_n to_o reform_v they_o without_o delay_n according_a to_o the_o form_n and_o effect_n of_o the_o new_a seal_n aforesaid_a num._n 16._o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o this_o parliament_n constitute_v and_o ordain_v a_o new_a lord_n chancelour_n of_o england_n lord_n treasurer_n and_o keeper_n of_o the_o privy_a seal_n grant_v they_o saverall_a letter_n patent_n of_o these_o office_n in_o parliament_n in_o the_o king_n name_n and_o num_fw-la 17._o the_o liberty_n annuity_n and_o office_n grant_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o 5._o and_o his_o ancestor_n to_o soldier_n in_o foreign_a part_n be_v confirm_v in_o parliament_n and_o their_o parent_n order_v to_o be_v seal_v with_o the_o king_n new_a seal_n with_o our_o pay_v any_o fee_n here_o we_o have_v not_o only_o the_o great_a but_o privy_a seal_n yea_o all_o the_o king_n seal_n in_o england_n ireland_n france_n wales_n resigned_n alter_a order_v to_o be_v new_o make_v and_o the_o chancellor_n and_o keeper_n of_o they_o express_o create_v by_o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n without_o any_o personal_a actual_a consent_n of_o the_o king_n than_o a_o infant_n for_o the_o necessary_a administration_n of_o justice_n and_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o realm_n no_o man_n ever_o question_v much_o less_o censure_v this_o act_n of_o they_o as_o illegal_a or_o treasonable_a within_o the_o statute_n of_o 25._o e._n 3._o of_o counterfeit_v the_o king_n seal_n but_o all_o approve_v it_o as_o just_a and_o necessary_a therefore_o doubtless_o the_o present_a parliament_n may_v do_v the_o like_a in_o this_o unparalleled_a case_n both_o of_o the_o king_n l._n keeper_n the_o great_a and_o privy_a seal_n wilful_a absence_n and_o substraction_n from_o the_o parliament_n of_o purpose_n to_o obstruct_v all_o proceed_n in_o parliament_n and_o the_o course_n of_o common_a justice_n these_o two_o famous_a precedent_n be_v not_o singular_a but_o back_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o judge_n horn_n forecited_a p._n 15._o and_o many_o other_o of_o like_a nature_n and_o reason_n even_o in_o print_a statute_n the_o statute_n of_o acton_n burnel_n make_v in_o the_o 13._o year_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o for_o the_o more_o speedy_a recovery_n of_o the_o merchant_n debt_n give_v the_o mayor_n of_o london_n york_n and_o bristol_n authority_n to_o take_v recognizance_n of_o debt_n before_o they_o to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o clerk_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n whereunto_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o debtor_n shall_v be_v put_v with_o the_o king_n seal_n that_o shall_v be_v provide_v for_o that_o purpose_n the_o which_o seal_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o maior_fw-la and_o clerk_n a_o foresay_a and_o the_o king_n seal_n shall_v be_v put_v unto_o the_o sale_n and_o delivery_n of_o the_o good_n devisable_a for_o a_o perpetual_a witness_n we_o have_v here_o a_o new_a seal_n of_o the_o king_n with_o special_a keeper_n of_o it_o appoint_v for_o recognizance_n and_o the_o use_n thereof_o limit_v by_o a_o special_a act_n of_o parliament_n confirm_v in_o another_o parliament_n touch_v statute_n merchant_n make_v the_o same_o year_n 13._o e._n 1._o which_o further_o enact_v that_o another_o seal_n shall_v be_v provide_v that_o shall_v serve_v for_o fair_n and_o that_o the_o same_o

crimen_fw-la falsi_fw-la quod_fw-la in_fw-la quadam_fw-la sui_fw-la specie_fw-la tangit_fw-la coronam_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la vt_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la accusatus_fw-la fucrit_fw-la vel_fw-la convictus_fw-la falsificationis_fw-la sigilli_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la consignando_fw-la inde_fw-la chartas_n vel_fw-la brevia_fw-la writ_n than_o be_v seal_v with_o the_o king_n seal_n as_o well_o as_o patent_n and_o apponendo_fw-la signa_fw-la adulterina_fw-la quo_fw-la casu_fw-la si_fw-la inveniatur_fw-la inde_fw-la culpabilis_fw-la vel_fw-la seisitus_fw-la si_fw-la warrantum_fw-la non_fw-la habuerit_fw-la pro_fw-la voluntate_fw-la regis_fw-la judicium_fw-la sustinebit_fw-la how_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n be_v elect_v and_o the_o great_a seal_n dispose_v of_o by_o parliament_n in_o this_o king_n reign_n i_o have_v a_o 93._o elsewhere_o relate_v and_o shall_v touch_v again_o anon_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o proclaim_v king_n during_o his_o absence_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n his_o b_o 1._o lord_n and_o state_n without_o his_o privity_n make_v both_o a_o new_a great_a seal_n and_o chancellor_n to_o keep_v it_o 48._o with_o which_o in_o the_o 25_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o confirm_v the_o great_a charter_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n in_o parliament_n and_o in_o another_o parliament_n in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o the_o great_a charter_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o england_n and_o charter_n of_o the_o forest_n shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o every_o sheriff_n of_o england_n under_o the_o king_n great_a seal_n act_n to_o be_v read_v four_o several_a time_n in_o the_o year_n before_o the_o people_n in_o the_o full_a county_n and_o for_o these_o two_o charter_n to_o be_v firm_o observe_v in_o every_o point_n and_o article_n wherein_o no_o remedy_n be_v before_o at_o the_o common_a law_n there_o shall_v be_v choose_v in_o every_o shire_n court_n by_o the_o *_o parliament_n commonalty_n of_o the_o say_a shire_n three_o substantial_a knight_n or_o other_o lawful_a wise_a and_o well_o dispose_a person_n to_o be_v justice_n which_o shall_v be_v assign_v by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o hear_v and_o determine_v without_o any_o other_o write_v but_o only_o their_o commission_n such_o plaint_n as_o shall_v be_v make_v against_o all_o those_o as_o commit_v or_o offend_v against_o any_o point_n contain_v in_o the_o foresay_a article_n in_o the_o shire_n where_o they_o be_v assign_v as_o well_o within_o franchise_n as_o without_o etc._n etc._n also_o e_o 2._o that_o all_o the_o king_n taker_n purveyor_n or_o rator_n from_o henceforth_o shall_v have_v their_o warrant_n with_o they_o under_o the_o king_n great_a or_o petty_a seal_n declare_v their_o authority_n and_o the_o thing_n whereof_o they_o have_v power_n to_o make_v price_n or_o purveyance_n the_o which_o warrant_v they_o shall_v show_v to_o they_o who_o good_n they_o take_v before_o that_o they_o take_v any_o thing_n and_o chap._n 6_o there_o shall_v no_o writ_n from_o henceforth_o that_o touch_v the_o common_a law_n go_v forth_o under_o any_o of_o the_o petty_a seal_n these_o be_v the_o first_o statute_n law_n extant_a prescribe_v that_o the_o king_n charter_n patent_n commission_n warrant_n writ_n shall_v issue_v forth_o under_o the_o great_a or_o petty_a seal_n though_o they_o do_v so_o usual_o before_o his_o reign_n rather_o through_o custom_n which_o creep_v in_o by_o little_a and_o little_a by_o degree_n from_o edward_n the_o confessor_n day_n unto_o this_o very_a parliament_n as_o the_o premise_n evidence_n till_o it_o get_v the_o reputation_n of_o a_o receive_v common_a law_n and_o usage_n and_o at_o last_o be_v thus_o establish_v as_o simple_o necessary_a by_o these_o present_a act_n which_o se●led_v the_o law_n in_o point_n of_o necessity_n of_o seal_v all_o writ_n charter_n patent_n with_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o add_v such_o majesty_n to_o the_o seal_n itself_o that_o britton_n a_o eminent_a judge_n and_o lawyer_n flourish_v in_o this_o king_n reign_n write_v his_o book_n as_o in_o this_o king_n name_n reso_fw-la ve_z express_o c._n 3._o f._n 10._o etc._n etc._n 8._o f._n 16._o that_o the_o *_o 15._o counterfeit_n of_o the_o king_n seal_n be_v high_a treason_n and_o that_o the_o justice_n ought_v to_o inquire_v concerning_o the_o falsifier_n of_o the_o seal_n not_o only_o whether_o any_o have_v actual_o connterfeit_v it_o but_o also_o whether_o any_o have_v hang_v any_o seal_n by_o a_o engyn_n to_o any_o charter_n without_o licence_n or_o have_v steal_v or_o take_v away_o any_o seal_n or_o otherwise_o find_v it_o have_v seal_a writ_n without_o other_o authority_n and_o chap._n 48._o exception_n aur_fw-it brefe_n f._n 122._o he_o write_v it_o be_v a_o good_a exception_n to_o abato_n a_o writ_n s●ule_fw-fr brete_n ne_fw-la fuit_fw-la unque_n enseale_v de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr seal_n ou_fw-fr si_fw-fr le_fw-fr ordinance_n et_fw-fr le_fw-fr seal_n de_fw-fr nostre_fw-fr chancery_n we_o s●it_a point_n contenu_fw-fr and_o andrew_n horn_n another_o great_a lawyer_n live_v in_o or_o near_o this_o time_n in_o his_o my●rour_n of_o justice_n cap._n 3._o sect._n 6._o p._n 191._o among_o exception_n to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o judge_n enumerate_v this_o for_o one_o if_o the_o commission_n be_v not_o seal_v with_o the_o king_n great_a seal_n of_o the_o chancery_n car_n all_o privy_a seal_n le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ou_fw-fr all_o sealed_n sealed_n l'_fw-fr exchequer_n ou_fw-fr autre_fw-fr seal_n forsque_fw-la solement_n all_o seal_n que_fw-fr est_fw-fr assign_v dée_fw-mi conud_a conud_a le_fw-fr cominalty_n del_fw-it peopl_fw-fr and_o nosmement_n en_fw-fr jurisdiction_n and_o bre_n original_n ne_fw-fr estoit_fw-fr a_fw-fr nul_fw-fr obeyer_n des_fw-fr letes_z and_o usage_n ●el_v royalme_a st_z non_fw-la solement_n pur_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr du_fw-mi elle_fw-fr puira_fw-la ée_fw-fr viciouse_a pur_fw-mi le_fw-fr seal_n counterfoit_fw-fr ou_fw-fr anterment_n faux_fw-fr this_o falsify_n of_o the_o king_n seal_n to_o writ_n cap._n 1_o sect._n 6._o de_fw-la fansonners_n pag._n 28_o 29._o he_o make_v a_o crime_n next_o to_o high_a treason_n which_o forge_v he_o say_v may_v be_v indivers_a manner_n as_o where_o a_o writ_n be_v seal_v whereof_o the_o gross_a and_o matter_n or_o the_o form_n be_v not_o avowable_a by_o the_o king_n nor_o by_o the_o law_n nor_o by_o the_o right_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n if_o a_o man_n seal_n after_o that_o the_o chancellor_n or_o other_o keeper_n know_v that_o he_o have_v lose_v his_o warrant_n by_o death_n or_o any_o other_o manner_n when_o a_o writ_n or_o letter_n pass_v the_o seal_n against_o the_o king_n defence_n when_o man_n seal_v with_o counterfeit_a seal_n or_o seal_v by_o ill_a art_n or_o warrant_v not_o avowable_a and_o so_o it_o be_v falsehood_n in_o those_o who_o seal_n and_o have_v no_o authority_n and_o chap._n 4._o sect._n 2._o p._n 233._o thus_o *_o day_n our_o ancient_n ordain_v a_o seal_n and_o a_o chancellor_n for_o to_o keep_v it_o and_o to_o give_v remeliable_a writ_n to_o all_o person_n without_o delay_n then_o describe_v what_o manner_n of_o writ_n must_v issue_v he_o conclude_v thus_o and_o now_o may_v justice_n sheriff_n and_o their_o clark_n withdraw_v race_n amend_v and_o impair_v they_o without_o discern_v or_o pain_n for_o the_o writ_n that_o be_v make_v close_o to_o the_o abuse_n of_o right_a wherefore_o the_o seal_n only_a be_v the_o jurisdiction_n assignable_a to_o all_o plaintiff_n without_o difficulty_n and_o to_o do_v this_o the_o chancellor_n be_v chargeable_a by_o oath_n in_o allegiance_n of_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v *_o 29._o neither_o deny_v nor_o delay_n to_o render_v right_a or_o a_o writ_n remediable_a to_o any_o one_o thus_o have_v i_o give_v you_o a_o brief_a historical_a and_o legal_a narration_n of_o the_o original_a growth_n progress_n use_v and_o necessity_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n and_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o make_v subscribe_v and_o seal_v charter_n patent_n writ_n with_o other_o instrument_n in_o our_o realm_n from_o king_n aethelbert_n first_o charter_n anno_fw-la 605._o till_o the_o end_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o his_o reign_n when_o seal_n and_o *_o 6._o seal_v grow_v more_o common_a and_o our_o ordinary_a law-book_n which_o recite_v few_o or_o none_o of_o the_o premise_n begin_v to_o make_v mention_n of_o seal_n and_o seal_v of_o who_o autiquity_n kind_n and_o present_a use_n in_o point_n of_o law_n if_o any_o desire_v further_a satisfaction_n let_v they_o consult_v with_o polydor_n virgil_n de_fw-la inventoribus_fw-la rerum_fw-la lib._n 8._o cap._n 2._o henrici_fw-la spelmani_fw-la glossarium_fw-la title_n bulla_fw-la rastal_n exposition_n of_o the_o term_n of_o the_o law_n title_n faits_fw-fr sir_n edward_n cork_n institute_n on_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la pag._n 554_o 555_o 556._o his_o 11_o report_n f._n 92._o and_o ash_n table_n title_n seales_n it_o be_v not_o my_o intention_n to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n

all_o and_o in_o their_o default_n or_o neglect_v the_o freeholder_n and_o citizen_n of_o each_o county_n city_n and_o borough_n be_v enable_v to_o elect_a knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n without_o any_o writ_n at_o all_o and_o the_o election_n and_o parliament_n to_o be_v as_o effectual_a as_o if_o summon_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n if_o then_o a_o parliament_n may_v be_v thus_o summon_v by_o the_o lord_n keeper_n himself_o by_o a_o writ_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n without_o the_o king_n privity_n or_o contrary_a to_o his_o command_n or_o by_o a_o writ_n under_o the_o lord_n seal_n only_o or_o without_o any_o writ_n at_o all_o in_o some_o case_n and_o that_o by_o express_a provision_n of_o a_o act_n make_v this_o parliament_n why_o this_o parliament_n may_v not_o by_o as_o good_a or_o like_o reason_n now_o it_o be_v assemble_v and_o perpetuate_v by_o another_o act_n make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n to_o seal_v writ_n of_o election_n or_o grant_v out_o their_o writ_n without_o the_o great_a seal_n by_o a_o ordinance_n of_o parliament_n only_o to_o complete_v the_o house_n now_o the_o great_a seal_n have_v be_v so_o long_o absent_a and_o such_o writ_n refuse_v to_o be_v issue_v under_o it_o though_o oft_o desire_v without_o any_o danger_n of_o treason_n or_o derogation_n to_o the_o king_n prerogative_n i_o can_v yet_o dicerne_v it_o be_v far_o less_o for_o a_o sit_a parliament_n in_o this_o case_n to_o make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n or_o issue_n out_o writ_n of_o election_n without_o the_o king_n privity_n now_o in_o arm_n against_o it_o to_o recruit_v it_o be_v own_o member_n then_o for_o the_o chancellor_n keeper_n lord_n or_o commons_o themselves_o out_o of_o parliament_n thus_o either_o with_o or_o without_o writ_n to_o summon_v and_o hold_v a_o parliament_n without_o yea_o against_o the_o king_n assent_n his_o proclamation_n or_o inhibition_n to_o the_o contrary_a and_o those_o fundamental_a principle_n of_o law_n state-policy_n with_o that_o sovereign_a power_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o kingdom_n above_o our_o king_n which_o induce_v both_o house_n thus_o to_o make_v and_o his_o majesty_n ready_o to_o assent_v to_o this_o late_a act_n for_o the_o common_a benefit_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o case_n of_o his_o own_o or_o the_o lord_n keeper_n wilful_a neglect_n or_o refusal_n to_o do_v their_o duty_n will_v doubtless_o enable_v the_o house_n now_o sit_v to_o make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n or_o issue_n out_o writ_n of_o election_n error_n and_o the_o like_a either_o under_o it_o or_o without_o it_o during_o the_o voluntary_a absence_n of_o the_o king_n lord_n keeper_n and_o great_a seal_n from_o the_o parliament_n contrary_a to_o law_n custom_n duty_n oath_n of_o purpose_n to_o complete_a the_o house_n and_o expedite_v public_a justice_n obstruct_v by_o their_o absence_n and_o the_o rather_o may_v the_o parliament_n do_v it_o in_o case_n of_o writ_n of_o election_n because_o such_o writ_n with_o the_o election_n make_v by_o virtue_n of_o they_o have_v usual_o be_v order_v form_v issue_v our_o determine_v judge_v only_o by_o the_o parliament_n and_o writ_n for_o new_a election_n by_o reason_n of_o death_n or_o removal_n have_v constant_o issue_v out_o of_o course_n by_o order_n or_o warrant_n from_o the_o speaker_n or_o commons_o house_n only_o without_o special_a warrant_n from_o the_o king_n himself_o without_o refusal_n or_o denial_n as_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o rich._n 2._o cap._n 4._o 7_o hen._n 4._o cap._n 15._o 11_o hen._n 4._o cap._n 1._o 8_o hen._n 5._o cap._n 1._o 6_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 4._o 8_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 7._o 10_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 2._o 23_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 11._o 32_o hen._n 6._o cap._n 15._o 8_o hen._n 8._o cap._n 16._o 35_o hen._n 8._o cap._n 11._o br._n parliament_n 7._o dyer_n f._n 60._o crompton_n jurisdiction_n of_o court_n f._n 3_o 4_o 16._o neither_o can_v they_o be_v deny_v o●_z the_o house_n keep_v incomplete_a against_o their_o will_n by_o his_o refusal_n without_o apparent_a breach_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n yea_o of_o magna_n charta_n itself_o as_o the_o lord_n resolve_v an._n 1256._o in_o henry_n the_o three_o his_o reign_n and_o the_o whole_a parliament_n since_o 1_o hen._n 4._o rot._n parl._n num_fw-la 21_o 22._o as_o i_o have_v *_o 42._o elsewhere_o prove_v from_o all_o which_o authority_n i_o humble_o conceive_v the_o parliament_n may_v lawful_o in_o the_o case_n fore-stated_a both_o make_v a_o new_a broad_a seal_n and_o keeper_n of_o it_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o house_n and_o redress_v the_o obstruction_n of_o justice_n of_o parliamentary_a proceed_n occasion_v by_o the_o great_a seal_n absence_n to_o these_o authority_n i_o shall_v annex_v the_o ensue_a reason_n both_o of_o law_n and_o state_n first_o the_o parliament_n the_o supreme_a power_n and_o judicature_n in_o england_n have_v the_o chief_a interest_n and_o propriety_n in_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n in_o respect_n of_o ●●s_n public_a use_n may_v lawful_o new_a make_v and_o use_v that_o seal_n which_o be_v it_o own_o in_o respect_n of_o property_n and_o use_n and_o the_o king_n only_o as_o their_o public_a minister_n second_o that_o the_o parliament_n be_v the_o chief_a state-physician_n of_o the_o realm_n may_v and_o aught_o by_o law_n to_o redress_v all_o public_a grievance_n therefore_o the_o grievance_n and_o obstruction_n of_o justice_n occasion_v by_o the_o old_a great_a seal_n and_o lord_n keeper_n absence_n or_o abuse_n by_o make_v new_a three_o the_o parliament_n may_v and_o aught_o to_o supply_v all_o defect_n default_n of_o state_n officer_n law_n affair_n prejudicial_a to_o the_o realm_n hence_o it_o always_o have_v supply_v the_o minority_n detage_n or_o absence_n of_o our_o king_n by_o constitute_v a_o viceroy_n of_o their_o own_o election_n to_o exercise_v all_o royal_a authority_n the_o absence_n of_o the_o lord_n keeper_n or_o speaker_n of_o the_o low_a house_n when_o sick_a by_o substitute_v other_o to_o supply_v their_o place_n the_o defect_n of_o the_o common_a law_n by_o new_a statute-law_n and_o provide_v new_a law_n court_n seal_n against_o new_a mischief_n not_o remediable_a by_o old_a acts._n this_o appear_v most_o lively_a by_o the_o act_n for_o triennial_a parliament_n forecited_a wherein_o the_o wilfulness_n and_o negligence_n of_o the_o king_n be_v order_v to_o be_v supply_v by_o the_o lord_n keeper_n the_o lord_n keeper_n by_o the_o lord_n the_o lord_n by_o the_o sheriff_n of_o county_n major_n and_o bailiff_n and_o they_o by_o the_o freeholder_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n the_o council_n of_o basil_n and_o other_o *_o 13._o forecited_a be_v to_o like_o purpose_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 25._o hen._n 8._o c._n 21._o which_o law_n abolish_n the_o pope_n authority_n enable_v the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o grant_v all_o ecclesiastical_a licence_n and_o dispensation_n here_o which_o the_o pope_n alone_o former_o grant_v at_o rome_n and_o then_o provide_v that_o in_o case_n the_o archbishop_n shall_v wilful_o and_o obstinate_o refuse_v to_o grant_v such_o licence_n and_o dispensation_n to_o those_o who_o demand_v they_o without_o a_o just_a and_o reasonable_a cause_n that_o then_o a_o injunction_n shall_v issue_v out_o of_o the_o chancery_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o he_o command_v he_o to_o grant_v they_o and_o if_o he_o then_o wilful_o refuse_v to_o do_v it_o that_o then_o the_o king_n upon_o every_o such_o default_n and_o wilfulness_n shall_v grant_v a_o commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o any_o two_o prelate_n or_o spiritual_a person_n that_o will_v grant_v they_o by_o a_o instrument_n in_o write_v under_o their_o seal_n the_o parliament_n therefore_o now_o summon_v and_o sit_v by_o like_o reason_n lawful_o may_v and_o be_v bind_v in_o duty_n to_o supply_v the_o present_a wilful_a absence_n of_o the_o lord_n keeper_n and_o great_a seal_n treacherous_o carry_v from_o it_o beyond_o expectation_n contrary_a to_o promise_v and_o so_o long_o detain_v thence_o by_o constitute_v new_a one_o in_o their_o place_n it_o be_v one_o principal_a article_n prefer_v by_o *_o 1191_o the_o parliament_n against_o cardinal_n wolsie_n that_o when_o he_o be_v send_v ambassador_n into_o flanders_n to_o the_o emperor_n he_o carry_v the_o great_a seal_n with_o he_o without_o the_o king_n consent_n for_o which_o he_o be_v displace_v and_o fine_v much_o more_o than_o may_v the_o parliament_n displace_v the_o lord_n keeper_n for_o carry_v away_o the_o great_a seal_n the_o only_a seal_n of_o this_o high_a court_n in_o a_o surreptitious_a manner_n from_o they_o contrary_a to_o his_o duty_n without_o and_o against_o their_o consent_n and_o make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n and_o keeper_n in_o lieu_n of_o the_o old_a four_o the_o parliament_n be_v bind_v to_o take_v care_n that_o public_a justice_n according_a to_o *_o

here_o with_o trivial_a common_a thing_n concerning_o seal_n or_o seal_v but_o only_o with_o such_o antiquity_n and_o rarity_n as_o be_v not_o common_o know_v nor_o mention_v in_o our_o law_n book_n the_o king_n and_o parliament_n several_a and_o joint_a interest_n in_o and_o power_n over_o the_o new-making_n keep_v order_v of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n have_v thus_o trace_v out_o the_o original_n progress_n use_n and_o necessity_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n through_o the_o obscure_a path_n of_o abstruse_a antiquity_n with_o as_o much_o verity_n perspicuity_n brevity_n as_o possible_a i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n summary_o examine_v what_o several_a or_o joint_a interest_n the_o king_n kingdom_n and_o parliament_n have_v in_o what_o power_n or_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o new-making_n keep_v or_o use_v thereof_o for_o the_o better_a assoyl_n of_o which_o grand_a question_n now_o in_o public_a agitation_n i_o shall_v premise_v these_o three_o proposition_n and_o distinction_n which_o will_v much_o conduce_v to_o the_o clear_n and_o resolution_n of_o this_o doubt_n first_o that_o our_o king_n great_a and_o petty_a seal_n when_o original_o invent_v and_o while_o the_o use_n of_o they_o be_v only_o private_a or_o mere_o arbitrary_a not_o simple_o necessary_a in_o point_n of_o law_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n or_o transaction_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v proper_a and_o peculiar_a to_o themselves_o alone_o and_o in_o their_o own_o dispose_n power_n only_o as_o every_o private_a man_n seal_n now_o be_v they_o use_v they_o only_o as_o private_a not_o as_o public_a person_n in_o their_o natural_a not_o politic_a capacity_n but_o after_o that_o these_o seal_n by_o use_n and_o custom_n become_v simple_o necessary_a for_o the_o public_a execution_n of_o justice_n and_o affair_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o our_o king_n make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n as_o head_n or_o supreme_a governor_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o public_a minister_n thereof_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o parliament_n by_o this_o occasion_n and_o upon_o this_o reason_n come_v to_o gain_v a_o public_a interest_n in_o and_o jurisdiction_n over_o these_o seal_n as_o well_o as_o our_o king_n even_o as_o in_o all_o other_o inferior_a corration_n the_o commonalty_n as_o well_o as_o the_o major_n in_o city_n and_o borough_n the_o chapter_n as_o well_o as_o the_o bishop_n or_o dean_n the_o covent_n as_o well_o as_o the_o abbot_n or_o prior_n the_o warden_n assistant_n and_o whole_a company_n as_o well_o as_o the_o master_n the_o fellow_n of_o college_n as_o well_o as_o the_o precedent_n have_v a_o public_a interest_n in_o and_o power_n over_o their_o several_a corporation-seal_n make_v only_o for_o their_o common_a good_a and_o affair_n as_o i_o shall_v manifest_v in_o the_o sequel_n and_o in_o this_o respect_n the_o great_a seal_n come_v to_o be_v common_o call_v *_o other_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n in_o our_o act_n as_o in_o 14._o and_o 15._o hen_n 8._o c._n 4._o 34_o and_o 35_o hen_n 8._o c._n 26._o 1_o ed._n 6._o c._n 44._o 3_o and_o 4_o ed._n 6_o c._n 12._o 2_o and_o 3_o phil._n and_o mar._n cap._n 20._o 1_o eliz._n cap._n 1._o 5_o eliz._n cap._n 1._o 8_o eliz._n cap._n 1._o 13_o eliz_n cap._n 6_o 7_o 9_o 18_o eliz._n cap._n 2._o 23_o eliz._n cap._n 14._o 39_o eliz._n cap._n 6_o 43_o eliz._n cap._n 4._o 5_o eliz._n cap._n 18._o a_o act_n declare_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o lord_n keeper_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n frequent_o thus_o style_v in_o this_o act_n and_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n to_o be_v one_o 1_o jac._n c._n 28._o 1_o car._n c._n 2._o 16_o car._n c._n 1._o with_o sundry_a other_o act_n to_o omit_v law-book_n and_o historier_n and_o be_v thus_o become_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n the_o parliament_n the_o representative_a body_n of_o the_o whole_a realm_n of_o england_n must_v necessary_o have_v a_o interest_n in_o and_o jurisdiction_n over_o it_o in_o all_o public_a respect_n even_o so_o far_o as_o to_o new_a make_v it_o when_o there_o be_v need_n and_o to_o dispose_v it_o for_o necessary_a affair_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o realm_n when_o the_o old_a seal_n the_o proper_a seal_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v purposely_o subtract_v yea_o deny_v they_o for_o necessary_a public_a use_n second_o that_o after_o the_o great_a seal_n become_v common_a and_o necessary_a to_o most_o public_a affair_n in_o which_o regard_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o parliament_n come_v to_o have_v a_o right_a in_o and_o power_n over_o it_o so_o in_o other_o respect_n the_o king_n still_o retain_v a_o peculiar_a interest_n and_o prerogative_n in_o it_o in_o all_o arbitrary_a matter_n of_o royal_a grace_n and_o favour_n to_o which_o he_o be_v no_o way_n oblige_v in_o point_n of_o law_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o be_v call_v the_o king_n great_a seal_n as_o first_o in_o case_n of_o general_a or_o particular_a charter_n of_o pardon_n second_o of_o indenization_n or_o enfranchisment_n three_o of_o erect_v new_a corporation_n or_o confirm_v old_a four_o of_o dispense_v with_o some_o kind_n of_o law_n penalty_n and_o forfeiture_n five_o of_o confer_v some_o kind_n of_o less_o public_a office_n and_o annuity_n for_o service_n perform_v or_o to_o be_v execute_v six_o of_o grant_v new_a liberty_n or_o franchise_n of_o grace_n to_o corporation_n or_o private_a subject_n seven_o of_o create_v or_o confer_v new_a honour_n on_o deserve_a man_n eight_o of_o licence_n for_o mortmain_n impropriation_n alienation_n consecration_n of_o new_a church_n or_o chapel_n etc._n etc._n nine_o of_o public_a collection_n for_o person_n or_o town_n distress_v through_o fire_n shipwreck_n or_o other_o casualty_n ten_o of_o private_a negotiation_n with_o foreign_a prince_n state_n or_o subject_n and_o some_o kind_n of_o protection_n commission_n of_o grace_n rather_o than_o right_a or_o justice_n in_o all_o these_o and_o such_o like_a particular_n of_o mere_a grace_n or_o less_o public_a concernment_n the_o kingdom_n and_o parliament_n neither_o proper_o have_v nor_o pretend_v to_o have_v any_o public_a right_n or_o jurisdiction_n over_o the_o great_a or_o petty_a seal_n but_o leave_v they_o absolute_o free_a to_o the_o king_n as_o if_o they_o be_v his_o own_o private_a seal_n alone_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o his_o charter_n pardon_n grant_n license_n dispensation_n protection_n commission_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v consonant_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o not_o repugnant_a to_o they_o three_o the_o parliament_n and_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o to_o all_o public_a affair_n of_o state_n and_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n to_o all_o the_o subject_n have_v commit_v the_o make_v lawful_a use_n power_n and_o disposal_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n in_o trust_n to_o the_o king_n as_o to_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n and_o justitiar_n over_o which_o they_o never_o claim_v a_o constitute_n or_o dispose_v jurisdiction_n while_o it_o be_v right_o manage_v according_a to_o law_n but_o if_o this_o seal_n be_v either_o wilful_o abuse_v or_o subtract_v contrary_a to_o law_n or_o trust_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o obstruction_n of_o public_a justice_n or_o violation_n of_o the_o privilege_n of_o parliament_n and_o not_o redress_v after_o several_a complaint_n and_o petition_n of_o the_o house_n to_o the_o king_n for_o reformation_n of_o this_o grievance_n whether_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o parliament_n in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o who_o have_v authority_n to_o remedy_v the_o grievance_n the_o abuse_n or_o wilful_a absence_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n have_v not_o likewise_o a_o lawful_a sovereign_a power_n to_o make_v a_o new_a great_a seal_n and_o appoint_v a_o keeper_n of_o it_o for_o supply_v the_o absence_n regulate_v the_o abuse_n of_o the_o old_a remove_v obstruction_n of_o public_a justice_n fill_v up_o the_o commons_o house_n by_o issue_v writ_n to_o elect_a knight_n and_o burgess_n in_o the_o place_n of_o such_o as_o be_v dead_a or_o just_o expel_v now_o deny_v seal_v of_o writ_n of_o error_n in_o parliament_n and_o other_o such_o public_a parliamentary_a affair_n necessary_o require_v the_o presence_n of_o the_o great_a seal_n the_o proper_a seal_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n which_o have_v no_o other_o seal_n but_o it_o and_o lord_n chancellor_n the_o ordinary_a speaker_n of_o the_o lord_n house_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o very_a office_n in_o all_o age_n and_o so_o his_o and_o the_o great_a seal_n presence_n absolute_o necessary_a unless_o dispense_v with_o by_o the_o house_n upon_o inevitable_a occasion_n of_o absence_n be_v the_o sole_a question_n now_o in_o debate_n and_o under_o correction_n in_o this_o case_n and_o for_o these_o

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shall_v be_v seal_v in_o the_o interim_n shall_v be_v repute_v void_a and_o frustrate_a till_o restitution_n of_o it_o be_v make_v to_o the_o chancellor_n after_o this_o the_o m_o 58._o parliament_n in_o richard_n the_o second_o his_o reign_n dispose_v both_o of_o the_o chancellor_n place_n and_o the_o great_a seal_n and_o henry_n scroop_n make_v lord_n chancellor_n by_o it_o refuse_v at_o first_o to_o deliver_v up_o the_o seal_n to_o the_o king_n who_o demand_v it_o of_o he_o and_o when_o he_o extort_a it_o from_o he_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v much_o displease_v and_o murmur_v against_o it_o three_o the_o chancellor_n of_o england_n n_o 71_o have_v resign_v up_o his_o office_n and_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n in_o and_o to_o the_o parliament_n who_o have_v dispose_v of_o it_o to_o a_o new_a chancellor_n in_o parliament_n as_o you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o parliament_n roles_n of_o 4._o h._n 6._o nu._n 14._o 15._o without_o the_o king_n and_o the_o o_o 5_o archbishop_n of_o 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