wherein their Great-Master the King presides and which Sits-once a Year The Second of the Finances wherein the Lord High Treasurer Sits as President The Third the Chancery wherein the Chancellor Presides The Fourth of the Militia wherein the Lord High Marshal Presides The Fifth of Justice wherein Presides N. The Sixth of the Admiralty wherein Presides the Admiral And the Seventh of the Commerce Under the Vice-Roy of Norway Frederick Count Guldenlew Knight of the Order of the Elephant and Natural Son of the late King of Denmark there be Five particular Governments 1. That of Bahus the most Southern Government but now under the Sweed 2. Of Argerhus Seaten in the Gulph of Ansloo or Opsloâ— a Bishops See 3. Of Berghen a Bishops See 4. Of Drunthecim or Tronthecim an Arch-Bishoprick 5. Of Wardhus the last place of Norway and of Christendome Lying towards the North Scated in the Isle of Ward The Governments of the Provinces and Places of the Kingdom of Denmark Of Juitland Mounsieur Lavenzo Of Holstein N. Of Copenhaghen Mounsieur Sehack Of Cronenburg Mounsieur Osten Of the County N. N. Of Pinnenburg N. N. Of Dithmarse N. N. Of Starmaria N. N. Of Wagerland or Wagria Of Finmark Of the Isle of Funen M. G. Van Asken Of the Isle of Bornholm Of the Isle of Island Of the Isle of Greenland Of Spitzbergen There are only Seaven Bishopricks in Denmark which are all in the Kings disposal 1. Copenhaghen Whereof the Bishop has Arch-Piscopal Rights but not the Title 2. Ripen and both in the Nor. Juitland 3. Arhusen both in the Nor. Juitland 4. Odensee in the Isle of Funen 5. Wiburg 6. Arhusen 7. Sleswick The Arch Bishop of Trunthein or Dronthein in the North of the Kingdom of Norway where is still seen the remains of the most Magnificent Church of the North Dedicated to S. Olaus This Arch Bishop had the following Suffragan Bishops 1. Bergen the Metropolis of the Kingdom upon the Sea 2. Staffanger upon the Shoar of the Western Ocean 3. Hammar Reunited to the Bishoprick of Ansloo 4. Ansloo or Opsloo above Bahuys 5. Sodre an Island 6. Greenland an Island 7. Schalholt an Island 8. Hola or Kola in the most Northern part of Norway But at this day the Bishopricks of Norway are reduced to Four Namely 1. Bergen 2. Steinamanger 3. Dronthein 4. Christiana under whose Jurisdiction the rest are brought unless some under Copenhaghen Denmark has produc'd many Men Famous for their Learning and besides the Bards or Druids we have accounts of many other kinds of Poets and Learned Persons amongst the ancient Danes Some Authors tell us the several sorts of Verses composed by the Scialdrae and Runae are innumerable but may be at least the best of them Reduced to 36 Heads It was formerly the custom of all the Northern Nations to have the Genealogies and Famous Deeds of their Ancestors put into Doggerell that being daily chanted over by the Parents to their Children they might be the easier Remembred and Transmitted to Posterity The Composers of these Ballads were the Grandees of the Nation and looked upon as the Princes Wisest Councellors Nay some for the Reward of a Song or an Epitaph have been presented with the Crown of Denmark But as it would be an endless matter to set down all the Danish Authors we shall content our selves with Inserting the following Catalogue Saxo Grammaticus who Writ the History of Denmark in a most Elegant Stile and Lived in the Twelsth Centuary 2. Erasmus Latus Professor of Divinity in the University of Copenhaghen 3. Nicolaus Hemmingius noted for his Ingenious Commentaries upon the Scripture 4. Tycho Brahe a Danish Nobleman Famous for his Admirable Observations in Astronomy King Frederick the Second gave him the Island Ween where Tycho built his Vranibourg about the year 1575 being an observatory in the form of a Castle and Fenced round with regular Fortifications and which he finding a place remote from all troubles and a fit retirement for a Student he Adorned it with a Collection of the most exact Mathematical Instruments that could be procured 5. Christianus severini Longomontanus was Bred up in the Science of Astronomy by Tycho Brahe and has written several Ingenious pieces thereof 6. Arrild Witfield Lord of Ordersberch reduced Saxo's History to a Chronological method and Composed an accurate Chronicle of the Kings of Denmark and Norway in the Danish Tongue 7. Stephanus Stephanius Professor of History in the University of Sor has Illustrated Saxo Gramaticus with Ingenious Annotations and writ an Account of the State of Denmark during the Reign of Christian the Third 8. Olaus Wormius has made a Rare Collection of Natural Curiosities and great discoveries into the Misterious Runick Learning 9. Petrus Johannes Resenius a great Antiquary as may be seen by His Edda Islandorum and other Curious pieces To these may be added Petrus Severinus Borrichius the two Bartholins the one of whom Gasper Bartholinis supposed to have made the Dial of the Cathedral of Lunden in Schonen which Dial shows the Year Month Week Day and Hour of the Day all at the same time with all Feasts both Moveable and fixed as also the Motions of the Sun and Moon and their Progress through every Degree of the Zodiack This Clock is so Ordered by Artificial Engines that when ever it strikes two Horse-men come forth and Encounter each other the one giving the other just so many Blows as the Hammer is to strike upon the Bell at what time a Door opening the Virgin Mary appears sitting upon a Throne with Christ in Her Arms and the Magi doing him Reverence and two Trumpets Sounding all the while And this Register I suppose is sufficient to show how much Denmark has Contributed towards the Advancement of Learning The Cittizens and Merchants form the Third Order of the Kingdome and the Peasants or Rustis the Fourth who are either Freeholders such as have Hereditary Estates paying only some small quit Rent to their Land-Lords or Wornede Villains absolutely in the Power of their Lords The Cities are Governed by their distinct Corporations And the Citizens enjoy peculiar Priviledges and Charters as in other States of Europe Out of these two last Orders are Elected the Arch-Bishops the Bishops the Canons Pastours and Senators of Citties and other lesser Officers Whilst the Kingdome of Denmark lay confused and broken into several parts all the Provinces had not all the same Law but were Governed by peculiar Statutes Whence we read of Leges Scanicae Leges Sialandice and the like But when they came to be reunited under on Head they became all Subject to the same Law The Laws now in use were compiled into one Body which they call the Iydse Lowbog or the Book of the Laws of Juitland and Established by King Waldemar the Second But nevertheless sometimes changed according to the Circumstances of the juncture Thus Murder was formerly punished only with a pecuniary Mulct but now with Death The
His Royall Highness Prince GEORGE Brother to Christian the 5th the Present King of Denmarke Etate sue 30. 1683 THE Present State OF DENMARK AND REFLECTIONS UPON THE Ancient State thereof Together with a particular Account of the Birth Education Martial Atchievements and brave Performances of his Royal Highness Prince GEORGE Only Brother to His present Majesty of Denmark By G. Pierreville Gent. Secretary to the King's Minister at the Court of Denmark LONDON Printed for William Benbridg in Huggins Alley in Woodstreet 1683. To His Grace Charles Seamour Duke of Somerset c. May it please your Grace HAving been some years Secretary to the King's Minister at the Court of Denmark and brought some Memoirs from thence relating both to the Ancient and Modern State of that Kingdom I was prevailed with through the Importunities of some Friends to commit them to the Press For the Northern Regions not lying in the usual Road of our Travellers and not being thought to have any thing sufficiently inviting as to engage them to undergo the inconveniencies and hardships that attend all Voyages into those Parts nor to make such a stay as is requisite for the rendring their Observations worthy of the Curiosity of the Age. We are generally very much in the Dark as to the Government and Manners of those People This has made me liable since my return from those Climats to daily Questions about them especially of late since the Discourses of the Match between my Lady Ann and Prince George People beginning to accuse themselves for entertaining so slender an Opinion of these Countries that can produce a Prince every way so great and endued with such Royal Qualities as is His Royal Highness Though these Considerations made me give way to the instancy of my Acquaintance yet I could not resolve upon the making them publick without imploring the Patronage of your Graces Illustrious Name And though I ought to have curb'd my Presumption from offering you up so unpolisht and so imperfect an Oblation yet hoping that some things in it might merit your Graces Speculation I flatter'd my self that your Grace abounding with so much goodness would pardon in me the Ambition I had to declare the profound Zeal Respect and Submission wherewith I am My Lord Your Graces Most humble and most obedient Servant G. PIERREVILLE THE Present State OF DENMARK THE Kingdom of Denmark containing that part of the Cimbrick Chersonese called Juitland Holstein a great Shoal of Islands the Principal whereof are Zealand Funen and many more but of less Note with the great continent of Norway and the Isles thereof is Bounded on the West with the Main Western Ocean on the East with the Baltick Sea on the North-East with part of Sweedland Full-North with the Main Frozen Ocean and on the South with Germany from which it is seperated on the South-west by the River Albis and on the South-East by the Trave a small Isthmus or Neck of Land Uniting it to that Continent It had its Name from the People of those many Islands which lie together in the Bay or Gulph called Sinus Codanus Now the Baltick Sea who took upon them the Name of Danes Extending their Name afterwards as they did their Conquest and not from Dan a Fabulous King thereof above a Thousand years before the Birth of our Saviour As for its Position in regard of the Heavens part of it lieth within the Northern temperate Zone and part within the Artict Circle reaching from the middle Parallel of the 10th Clime or 55 Degree of Latitude where it Joyneth with Germany as far as the 71 Degree where the Frozen Ocean is its only Boundary thus the longest Day in the Southern parts hereof is 17 hours and a quarter But in the parts farthest North they have no Night for two whole Months three Weeks one day and some Seaven hours over as on the Contrary no Day for the like space of time when the Sun is farthest distant in the other Tropick Thus the Air would be very sharp and bitter were it not Temperated by the warm Vapours of the Sun by which means in Juitland Zealand and the Adjoyning Islands it is not so Cold as in places which lie much more South Now tho the Land be Naturally Sterile and affording little besides Woods and Mountains yet the Care and Industry of the Inhabitants have made it very Fruitful Denmark abounds in Rich Pastures which Feed such vast Numbers of Cattle that it has been some times known that in one Year a Hundred-Thousand Cows and Oxen have been hence Exported into Germany and the Netherlands which brings a Vast Income to the Kingdom nor do they want excellent Breeds of Horses that part of it called Oldenburg especially Furnishing the best and finest Coach-Horses of all Europe The Sea Coasts of Juitland Zealand and other parts of the Danish Territories are plied with such Vast Shoals of Herrings Plaise Whitings Cod and other Fish that they are almost capable of Hindring the Passage of Boats and Ships Nor are their Forrests less stocked with Venison there being no less every Hunting Season than Fifteen Hundred Bucks brought into the Kings Pallaces besides Vast numbers of Wilde Boars Hares and such like sort of Gaim Notwithstanding the mean Opinion which the Romans had and the Ill Character they have given us of all the Northern Nations yet they found themselves constrained to Buckle under their Vigourous Attacks and abandon their City and Country as a Prey to the Pillage and Mercy of the Triumphing Cambrians nor are the other Northern Nations insensible of the Mettle and keenness of the Danish Swords the Danes having Conquered Ireland no less than Eight several times Beaten the English Ten times and who for a long while were Subject to the Kings of Denmark Scotland for some time Tributary to this Crown Saxony has paid Homage to several of the Danish Kings and Sweeden frequently own'd e'm for their Soveraigns nor is the Kingdom of Norway a small proof of the Danish Courage neither have their Women been Barren of Brave performances their Exploits being equally Glorious with those of the greatest Heroes of other Nations But Valour and Warlike Conduct are not the only qualities praise worthy in the Danes they are no less to be Commended for their Hospitality and Extraordinary Complaisance to all Strangers and tho their Entertainments do sometimes degenerate into Luxury and excess yet without doubt the Crime is much more Pardonable in them than those who live under a more happy Climate The Danes indeed are Haughty and Superstitiously Jealous of their Honor revenging the least outrage and contempt and resenting to a High Degree all things which give the least apprehension of an Affront and as they are Rigorous Prosecutors of Insults done to themselves so are they no less severe Punishers of Criminals of State especially Thieves and Pirates And as they are Peremptory in their Executing of Justice upon Offenders so are they most Religious in doing
the yearly Revenue of the King of Denmark which arises from the Rents of Crown Lands Customes and Custome Money Tiths and other Contingencies some guesse may be made of it from the Customes which are paid by the Merchant-Ships which pass the Sound every day Every Ship that passes by Elseneur must pay a Rose-Noble or Four Rix-Dollars for every Mast And it has been observed that commonly Two hundred Ships often Four hundred nay Six hundred pass in one day Now allowing only 200 to pass daily and each pay two Rose Nobles or eight Rix-Dollars for two Masts the Sum will Amount to about Four hundred Pounds of our Money for every day in the year round and for the whole year to about 134400 Pounds And the Tax which is paid for such Cattel as are Exported does not fall much short of this the Customers Exacting a Rix-Dollar for every Beast that goes out of their Kings Dominions The chief strength of the King of Denmark consists in the Number and goodness of his Ships and Seamen And indeed the Danish Mariners may vye with the best of Europe which formerly Rendred them not only particularly succesful by Sea but also in their Engagements with the Sweeds in the last Wars The Naval Forces of the Crown of Denmark were even formerly so considerable as that Christian the Second fitted out a hundred good Men of War for the Succour of Henry the Second the French King against the English Nevertheless this present King has a much larger Fleet of his own alwaies ready for Action And here I cannot forbear taking Notice of the Bravery and Vigour of our Nation that was able to carry on a War with Glory and Fight with success three such Powers confederated together as his most Christian Majesty the King of Denmark and the States General of the United Provinces nay in so Mortifying a Conjuncture as when the Burning of London and the Desolation of the Plague would have enervated any other than English Courages disconcerted their measures and constrain'd 'em to have complyed with dishonourable Terms But to return I will here insert a List of such Men of War of the King of Denmark as I could get the List off  Guns Men. Sophia Amalia 106. 650. Prince Christian 80. 600. Droning Charlotte 60. 500. Prince Charlotte 60. 500. Prince George 80. 550. Fur. Prince 80. 500. Princess Amalies 60. 500. Three Crowns 80. 500. Northern Lion 60. 400. Three Foldigherds 60. 450. Swan 60. 450. Three Lions 70. 400. Victory 54. 350. Lindworm 48. 300. Nettle Leave 54. 300. Oldenburg 48. 250. Spen. 50. 300. Black Horseman 50. 300. Guldenlieu 54. 300. Hope 48. 250. Delmenhorst 44. 250. Copenhagen 40. 250. Black Bear 36. 200. Feroe 40. 200. Christianus Quartus 54. 300. Frederick 3 d. 54. 300. Venus 36. 200. Lobster 36. 200. Goldenfish 20. 100. The Virgin 28. 100. Wildman 18. 20. Flyin◠Hart. 20. 100. Lubeck   The Hunter 20. 100. With many others whereof I cannot at present call to mind the Names The Danish Men of War now are Built much fitter for Service than they were formerly being neither so Large so Bulky nor so unweildy as they were in the foregoing Ages but readier either to Attack Fly or Pursue No Prince in Christendom is better Furnished with all things necessary for the fitting out a Fleet Norway and his other Territories affording him all the Equipage requisite for that purpose He is also pretty well stored with Sea-men and indeed all his Dominions being Islands or Maritime Provinces the Inhabitants are almost Naturally Mariners Nevertheless this Monarch is sometimes forced to have recourse to strangers for Recruits of Men the Northern Countreys not abounding so in People as they did in former times when they Spawn'd and poured forth such shoales as over ran not only most parts of Europe but continued their Incursions into Asia But whether this be imputed to the Abolishing of Poligamy which the Introducing Christianity did reform or that the prevailing of Luxury has debilitated their pristine Vigour and rendred them the less fit for generation certain it is that no parts of Europe are now so thin of Inhabitants as these Northern Regions and that the King of Denmark has not People enough to Man out so many Ships He would be otherwise capable to fit out For without Exhausting or Impoverishing his Coffers He is able to Build Twelve Men of War every year And considering the Scarcity of Men His Land Forces are much more considerable and better Martialized than they have been under some of His latest Predecessors But before I proceed to particularize them it will be convenient to set down the Names of the Principal Officers of the Fleet. Henery Bielek Lord High Admiral Niels Juel General Admiral Monsieur Vlgerwindt Vice Admiral Monsieur Rodenstein Rere-Admiral Mr. Seastidt also Rere-Admiral and Commissioner General of the Holm The standing Army of the King of Denmark consists of the Guards du Corps of the Kings Queens and Queen Mother and of a Company of reformed Officers all Gentlemen who in Buff-Coats with Embroidered Sleeves attend upon the King at Court and upon all great Solemnities with gilt Partizans Feathers in their Hats resembling much the Band of our Gentlemen Pensioners Of the following Regiments with the Officers and Major-Generals having their Quarters as is here set down Zealand Schack Governour of Copenhagen Collonel of a Regiment of Foot Marsaack of Horse Van Osten Collonel of a Regiment of Foot Funen Van Asken Infantry Juitland Leventzo Cavalry Laland Merherin Cavalry Norway Duncam Cavalry Degenfelt Infantry Leyenhielm Infantry Baron Wallis Collonel of the Kings Regiment Schonburg of the Queens Meldrum Prince Fredericks Fox Prince Christians Major Genereral Schack Prince Georges General Weddell Jutland Petto Zealand Rissel Funen Frizen Holstein With some others whereof we have not the Names there being daily Changes made in reforming some and raising others making up in all a Body of about 30000 Men. The Kingdom of Denmark since the Reformation made in that State in the year 1660 hath a Perogative of as large extent as any Monarch in Christendom having Power without consulting the States or his Senate to Declare War make Peace send and receive Ambassadors make Leagues and Treaties with any Foreign States Issue out Commissions for the Raising of Men both by Sea and Land dispose of all Castles Fortresses Ports Havens Ships of War Magazines Ammunition and publick Moneys appoint the Mettal Weight Purity and Value thereof and by His Order can make any Foreign Coyn to be the currant Money of Denmark He can by his Letters Patent Erect New Districts Bishopricks Vniversities Cities Burroughs Colledges Hospitals Schools Fairs Markets Courts of Justice Forrests Chases Free-Warrens He can Enfranchise an Alien and render him a Denison Enabling him to purchase Houses and Lands and bear Offices He can also lay what Taxes he thinks fitting upon ihs Subjects without the previous consent of the States or Senate Rating it District
Born 1636. Doyene of Gandersheim Christian Augustus Born 1639. Ludorica Amalia Born 1642. Rodolphus Frederick Born 1645. Gluckbourg Philip Duke of Holstein Gluckbourg the Grand Uncle of Duke Christian Augustus was Born 1584. and died 1663. being the Brother of Duke Frederick above mentioned Born of the first Bed Married in the year 1624. Sophia Hedwig Dutches of Saxe-Lawenbourg the Daughter of Duke Frareis and of Mary Dutchess of Brunswick his Second Wife of which Marriage are Born Christian Born in 1627. and dyed 1671. Mary-Elizabeth Born in the year 1628. Married 1651. to George Albert Marquess of Brandenbourg and dyed 1664. Adolphe Born 1631. Augusta Born 1633. Married in 1651. to Ernest Gunther Duke of Holstein Sunderbourg her Cousin the Son of Duke Alexander and of the Dutchess Dorothey Countess of Schwartrenbourg Christina Born 1634. Married 1650. Christian Duke of Saxony Dorothy Born 1636. Married for the first time in the year 1653. Christian Lewis Duke of Lunenbourg and the Second on the 25th of June 1668. Frederick William Marquess of Brandenbourg Elector Hedwig Born 1643. Eleonor Dutches of Holstein Sister of Philip Born 1590. Second Bed Hedwig the Sister of Dorothy Born 1643. Anna Sabina the Dutchess of Holstein Born in the year 1593. of the Second Bed of Duke John of his Second Wise Agnes-Hedwig Princess of Anhalt Married 1698. Julius Frederick Duke of Wirtembourg the Son of Duke Frederick Count of Montbeliard who left her a Widow died 1659. Arnsbeck Joachim Ernest Duke of Holstein-Arnsbeck Born in the year 1595. of John Duke of Sleswick and of Holstein Sunderbourg and of his Second Wife Agnes Hedwig Princess of Anhalt Born in the year 1595. Married in 1633. Dorothea Augusta Dutchess of Holstein leswick his Cousin the Daughter of Duke John Adolphus and of the Princess Augusta of Denmark He Dyed 1671. but had by that Princess John Adolphus in 1634. General Major of the Imperial Cavalry against the Turks in 1664. Augustus Born in 1639. Ernestina in 1636. Joachim Ernest 1637. Bernard 1639. Agnes Hedwig 1640. Sophia Eleonor 1644. Eleonor Sophia the Sister of Joachim Ernest Born 1603. of the Second Bed Married in the year 1625. Christian the young Prince of Anhalt the Son of Christian Prince of Anhalt Barnbourg whose Widow she is Gottorp Frederick Duke of Sleswick of Holstein Gottorp of Stormaria of Dithmars Cousin German of Duke Joachim Ernest Born 1697. of Duke John Adolphus and of Augusta Princess of Denmark Married in the year 1630. Mary-Elizabeth Dutchess of Saxony the Daughter of the Elector John George and of Magdalena Sibila of Brandenbourg Prussia of which Alliance are Born the following Children In the year 1633. this Prince sent a signal Embassy into Muscovy into Persia for the Establishment of the Commerce by Land He Alternates with the King of Denmark in the Admistration of Justice in the Session at the Dyets of the Empire and in all the Rights of the Regale He Died the 10 of Aug. 1659. Sophia Augusta Born 1630. Married 1649. with John Prince of Anhalt Zerbst the Son of Prince Rodolphus Magdalena Sibila Born 1631. Married in the year 1654. to Gustavus Adolphus Duke of Mecklembourg the Son of Duke John Albert. Mary Elizabeth Born 1634. Married in the year 1650 to Lewis Landgrave of Hesse Darmstadt the Son of the Landgrave George the Second Hedwig Eleonor Born 1636. on the 23 of October Married in the year 1654. on the 24 of October Carolus Gustavus King of Sweeden the Son of John Casimir Count Palatine of the Rhine and of Katharina Princess of Sweeden Sister of King Gustavus Adolphus Anna Dorothea Born 1640. Augustus Frederick Born 1646. Augusta Maria 1649. Ottingen or Oyten John Augustus Duke of Holstein Ottingen Nephew of Duke Frederick Gottorp Born 1647. on the third of August the Son of John Duke of Holstein Ottingen or Oyten and of Juliana Felecita Dutchess of Wirtembourg Dorothea Augusta Sister of Duke Frederick Gottorp Born 1602. Married in 1633. Joachim Ernest Duke of Holstein Arnsbourg Her Cousin the Son of Duke John and of his Second Wife Agnes Hedwig Princess of Anhalt Hedwig Sister of Dorothea Born in 1603. Married in 1620. with Augustus Count Palatine of Sultzbach the Son of Philip Lewis Count Palatine Duke of Newbourg and Ann of Cleves and of Juliers Died in 1656. And I shall pass on to the Nobles who never Claim nor pretend to the Titles of Dukes Earls or Barons but are such as have had a single Coat of Arms belonging to their Family for many Ages Denmark is said to have at this day some Families of that Nobility of that antiquity as VVren and others as to have been present at the Signing of a Treaty of Peace between Charles Magne and the Danish King Hemmines on the Eider Out of this Body of the Nobility are drawn the Senators of the Kingdom or the Members of the Council of State who are Elected to the Number of 28. All a Noblemans Goods moveable and immoveable are at his Death divided amongst his Children the Son having two Moities and a Daughter only one The King cannot by the Laws of Denmark purchase any part of a Noble-Mans Estate neither can the Nobles buy any of the Crown Lands some Officers of the Crown Knights of the Order of the Elephant Vice-Roys and Governours of Provinces and Places were formerly chosen out of the Body of the Nobility and nominated by the Election of the Senators bating the Knights of the Order But at present since the Reformation of that Kingdom half of those Officers are drawn out of the Body of the Burgery the King being willing to consider and Reward that part of the State which served with so much Courage and fidelity at the Siege of Copenhagen when that Capital of the Kingdom was almost the only place which sustained almost all Efforts of the Sweedish Army which had taken in all the rest of the Kingdom But here I will Insert a Catalogue of the Principal Families of the Nobility now in Denmark in the following Alphabetical Order A Achsel Appelgard Alefeld Andersem B Bielke Banner Brache Bilig Below Bilde Brokenhusem Biorn Beck Blick Bassi Bax. Baselich Bille Bilde Bockowlt Budde Baggen Bammelbourg Brune Blom Brocktorp Breiden D Dreslelberch Daac Dune Duram Dam. F Freze Fassi Falster Faleke G Gulderstern Grubbe Goce Green Gelschut Galle Gram. Gris. Goss Gadendorp Grahow H Hardenberg Holke Hoken Hiderstorper Hiderstorper Hube Hesten Hager Holer Haeken Hoier Hacken Harberger I Jul. Jensen Juenan Juensen Johensen K Korwitz Krabbe Kaas Krusen Kragge Krumpen Kramdick Kerckberg Karssenbrock Kaelet Kutzen L Lange Lindeman Lunge Lutkem Laxman Lancken Leven Luck Lindow Lutken M Munck Matiessen Marizer Must Matre. Meinstorf Maeten Magnussen N Negil Narbu Norman O Ofrin Otten P Pasberg Podessen Podebussen Papenheimb Pogwisch Plessen Peâ—sen Paisen Petersen Q Qualem Quittow R Rantzaw Rosentkrantz Rastorp Ruthede Reuter Ruten Rosenpart Rosengard Roanow Reventlow Ratlow Ritzerow S Schram Schefeldt Schelen Seestede Stuege Swron Stantbeke
Split Solle Swaben Santbarch Spar. Spegel Sturen Suinen Staken Stove Siversersen T Trolle Tolten W Wlefeld Walkendorp Wipfert Witfelt Wogersen Wenflterman Wolde Worm Walstorp Wensin Wiltorp Whrup Vonsflet Vartinnen Wken Voien Vlstandt Vren Tho till some of late Creation the Danish Nobles had neither the Titles of Dutchies Marquissates Counties nor Barrony as other States nor do they Quarter their Armes yet t is Customary for many of them to be Dubbed Knights upon any Signal piece of Service rendred to their Prince or Countrey Two Orders of Knight-hood they have in Denmark that of the Elephant and that of Dancbrogh That of the Elephant was first instituted upon the occasion of King Christian the first going in a kind of Pilgrimage to Rome when as he was invested by Pope Sixtus the Fourth with this Order in Remembrance of our Lord and Saviour and at the same time it was Ordain'd that the Succeeding Kings of Denmark should have a Successive Right to be Soveraigns of this Order Whereupon the foresaid King Christian Built the Stately Chappel of the three Kings in the Cathedral at Roschildt where the solemnities of the Order were to be held and the Knights obliged to Assemble for the choosing a new Member upon the Death of any of their Fraternity Into the Number whereof several Kings Princes and Noble Men have been Admitted The chief Ensigne of the Order was the Figure of an Elephant on whose side within a Rundle was represented a Crown of Thorns with three Nails all Bloody in Honour and Memory of the Passion of our Blessed Saviour The Knights were obliged to the performance of Acts of Piety Alms-deeds and certain Ceremonies particularly on those days on which they wore the Ensignes of their Order Some of the Kings of Denmark have been very Zealous to raise the Honour of this Order to the Highest Esteem and especially their King John who wore the Ensignes of it on every Solemn Festival and so promoted its value that our King Henry the Eight and King James the Fifth of Scotland were content to be of the Fraternity Some Danish Writers are not of Opinion that it re eived its first Institution when Christian the First had those many Honours conferr'd on him by Pope Sixtus the Fourth but that the Badge was a meer Millitary Ensigne formerly bestowed as a Memorial and Incitement to the Danish Princes for the Defence and promoting of Christianity against the Infidels Heretofore the Knights wore a Collar of Gold Composed of Elephants and Crosses fashioned somewhat like Crosses Ancrees at which Hung the Picture of the Virgin Mary to the middle holding Christ in Her Arms and surrounded with a Glory of Sun Beams But at this day they only wear a Blew Ribbond at which hangs an Elephant Enamell'd white Adorned with four large Diamonds set in the middle Those Elephants worn by the Knights in the days of Christian the Fourth had in the same place within a Circle the Letter C. and in the Heart thereof the figure of 4. made to signifie Christianus Quartus The Kings of Denmark have Generally conferred this Honour on the days of their Coronation both upon the Nobles and Senatours of the Kingdome Frederick the Third brought into use an Embroidered Glory of Silver Purl wrought upon the left side of their Cloak or Vest on which was Embroidered two Crowns within a Rundle bearing this Motto Deus Providebit But the Motto has changed with the Soveraign for that of the present King is Pietate 〈◊〉 justitia and this the Knights of his Creation now Wear in the middle of the Circle Bâ— all the Knights of his Fathers making aâ— obliged to continue still the former Mottâ—â— The Order of Danebroge or the Knight of the Holy Cross was instituted in remembrance of the Cross which is said miraculously to have fallen into and preserved King Waldemar the Second's Army when that having lost their Standard his Forces were going to yield and give themselves up a Prey to the Fury of their Pagan Enemies the Lifelanders with vvhom they were then Combating This Order was Continued till the Relique was lost it solfe in Ditmarsh after which it was for a long while wholly laid aside until revived again in the year 1673. by the present King Christian the Fifth This Prince ordain'd that the Knights of this Order of which Himself is one should Wear an Enamell'd Cross Edg'd round with Red hung in a string of the same Colour reaching from the Right Shoulder to the Left side Out of the Nobility and the Knights the Senators of the Kingdom were formerly chosen who anciently seldome exceeded the Numbers of Eight but now are a far greater Number As long as they continued in their places they were maintain'd by the Country They had Castles allowed to dwell in by the King paid no Taxes were only obliged to keep a certain number of Light Horse ready for Service upon all Occasions and attend upon the King at his Sunimous upon their own Charges though not bound so to do if he went out of his Dominions and if sent upon Embassy's had an Allowance out of the Treasury Besides these were Pensioners who 〈◊〉 good Services Rendered the Crown had certain Lands for Life or a set number of Years Assigned them by the King for their Maintenance In consideration of which they were to provide so many Light Horse as the King thought fitting and pay in Annually a certain Sum of Money into the Exchequer But since the Reformation of the Government in the year 1660. The number of them is very much Retrenched The Principal Officers of the Crown of Denmark are chosen from out amongst the Nobility and Senators The First is the Grand-Master of the Kingdom who is as the Kings Lieutenant The Second Holger Windt the Lord High Treasurer who receives in and gives Acquittances for all Sums paid into the Kings Exchequer and has under him two Secretaries of the Nobility and a great Number of Inferiour Clarks The Third the Lord High Chancellor Henry Alefelt Count of Exingen and Langland whose Office is much the same as in other Kingdoms The Fourth the Grand Marshal who provides necessaries for all manner of dispatches in the times of War and Peace This Office is now enjoyed by Jâ—â—an Christopher Corbitz The Lord High Admiral Henry Bielek Knight of the Order of the Elephant who take care of the Building and Reparing of all sorts of Ships belonging to the Crown He had under him a Vice-Admiral Niel Juel who Acts by his Commission with Baron Jens Juel and Mounsieur Rodenstein Rear Admirals And Mounsieur Seastede Commissary General of the Holm The Grand-Master of the Artillery The Master of the Horse Mounsieur Axhuisen The Great Cup-Bearer Mounsieur Knoel the First Gentleman of the Kings Bed-Chamber Mess Sebulter and Bierman Secretaries of State Mess Sehuller and Jessen Secretaries to the King In the year 1660. the King of Denmark Established Seven Councils The First of State
Denmark's Governour Gottorp a strong Castle of the Duke of Slyvicks at the end of a large Inlet of the Baltick remarkable for the Toll-Booth at which Toll is paid one year with another for 50000 Oxen transported out of North Juitland into Germany Seswick the principal Town of this Province an Episcopal See and the Head of a Dukedom When Christian Earl of Oldenburgh was chosen King of Denmark the Dukedom of Holstein became part of that Kingdom Yet so that the Kings of Denmark were reckoned Princes of the Empire as Dukes of Holstein tho not obliged to repair to any Dyet Afterwards the title of Duke of Holstein with a considerable part of the Country was given to Adolph Christian the third brother who Governed it interchangeably with his Brother by turns Upon the decease of this Duke and his Issue-Male the title was conferred on Vlric King Christian the Fourth's Brother Since his daies there have been several Houses of the Dukes of Holstein as has been before shown amongst whom the Duke of Holstein Gottorp is chief and challenges the same power in governing and administring of Justice as was at first conferred upon Duke Adolph King Christian the 3's Brother In the late Wars the King of Denmark forced the present Duke of Gottorp to quit his Dukedom and abandon all Holstein to his Majesties possession But at the signing of the Treaty between the Kings of France Denmark and Sweden at Fontainbleu Sept. 2. 1679. the Danish Ministers promised their Master should at the desire of his most Christian Majesty restore to the said Duke all his Countrys Towns and Places in the same State they were at the signing of the Treaty with all the Soveraignty that belonged to him by vertue of the Treaties of Rosehild Copenhagen and Westphalia The Duke expected besides being restored to his Countries some recompence for the damage his Territories had suffered during the War by the vast sums of Money which the King of Denmark had raised therein as being one of the best Countries in all the North or at least to have had back the Cannon being 100 excellent brass pieces But his expectations in this point were not answered North Juitland hath on the South the Dukedom of Sleswick but surrounded by all other parts by the Sea is divided into 4 Diocesses or Districts that of Rip or Ripen containing 30 Prefectures or Here as they use to call them seven Cities 〈◊〉 walled Towns and ten Castles 2. That of Arhusen lying on the North of Ripen and more towards the Baltick containing 31 Herets or Prefectures 7 Cities or walled Towns 5 Castles and the Islands of Sumsoe Hiolim Tuecen Hiance◠Hilgenes and others 3. That of Wiburg on the North of Arhusen containing 16 Herets the Islands of Jegen 2. Hansholm 3. Ostholm 4. Cisland 5. Egholm 6. Bodum Three Citys or walled Towns and as many Castles the principal whereof is Wiborch an Episcopal See the ordinary seat of Judicature for both the Juitlands 4. That of Alburg or Vandalia which is subdivided into four parts as 1. Thyland whose chief Town is Alborch the Bishop of Vandalia's usual Seat and Residence 2. Morsce containing three Herets the Town of Nicoping the Castle of Lunsted and the Isle of Ageroe 3. Hanheret containing four Herets the Town of Thystad a kind of University the Castle of Orum and the Islands of Oland and Oxholm In this District standeth the Rock called Skaringclint serving for a Sea Mark to prevent Mariners running against the Quick-sands which lye about this Coast 4. Wensyssel Vensilia or Wenslie containeth six Herets or Prefectures The Islands of Grosholm of Hertshorn and Tidesholm one Castle and three Towns the most remarkable of which is Scagen standing at the utmost Promontory or most Northerly Point of all this Chersonese being notorious for the Shipwrack of many Ships of all Nations Zealand the largest fairest and most fertil Island in the Baltick Sea lies East of Juitland from which separated by an arm of the Sea called the Belt and West of Schonen from which it is parted by a fresh River not above a Dutch Mile in breadth commonly called by the name of the Sund or Sound This Island being about twelve German Miles broad and eighteen long It was anciently called Codanonia which signifies the same thing as the modern words Danes or Denmark Many of the Danish Etymologists derive Seeland from Sordland or Seedland from the abundance of Corn which this Country affords Others with greater Probability make the word signifie no more than an Island or parcel of Ground encompassed with the Sea This Island containeth 15 Cities or Walled Towns the principal whereof are Copenhagen the Metropolis of this Island and of the whole Kingdom of Denmark which is seated on the East Part of Zealand upon the Sea shore The Danes call it Kiobenhaun and the Germans Copenharen both which words are corruptions of Kiobm inshaven or the Kaven of Merchants The Town is of an Orbicular form and very well fortified since the War in 1659. with the Swedes having an Arcenal which perhaps excels any thing of that kind in Europe In the Arcenal is kept a Coach with springs by which means it goes as if it were of it self and of its own movement but the Artifice of this Work depends on two men hidden under a covering in the Coach of whom the one turned the Wheels which pushed it on and the other guided it by the means of a Rudder in the Head Its Cathedral Church dedicated to St. Mary is beautified with a noble Copper Spire built at the charges of King Christian the Fourth The Advowsance of this Church belongs to the Professors in the Universitie which was founded by Ericus the Ninth but perfected by King Christian the First by him and the succeeding Princes liberally endowed The City is Governed by four Burgo-masters one whereof is Regent or President for his life This Honour is conferred at present on that deserving and learned Person P. John Resenius Professour of Moral Phylosophy in the University at Copenhagen and Counsellour to the present King of Denmark Amongst the Ornaments of the Town are the Market-place which is exceeding spacious the King's Palace all covered with Copper standing in an Island wherein is kept a Ship of Ivory wholly fitted whereof the Tackling Sails and Cannons were entirely of Ivory being an extraordinary fine piece of Manufacture The Observatory or Runde Toorn which is very remarkable and especially for the fashion of its Stair-case if we may call it so which is nothing but a Pavement which mount singeniously without Steps and it is so very broad a Coach may easily go up to the top and there too it has room enough to turn in This Tower was built on purpose for the use of Astronomers and out of it you go into a fine Library which stands on the side of the Tower There is Marks of the Siege to be seen which the Swedes laid to this City amongst others
are said to have been notorious Pyrats yet at this day hardly any Seas are less infested with Pyracy than those of Norway Not that the Modern Inhabitants are blest with more Honesty than their Ancestors but the Danish sway is so rigorous as not to allow them any Shipping nor any other means to pamper grow resty and head strong but on the contrary fleeces squeezes and keeps them in the lowest servitude Their Diet is what they Export to other Countreys principally Stock Fish and a course kind of Butter and Cheese Their usual Drink Rostock Ale their manner being commonly to drink three Draughts one in remembrance of God the second to the Kings Health and the third to the Queens As the Towns in Norway are very thin so the Buildings for the most part are very poor and miserable generally patched up of dirt and hurdles somewhat resembling our Cotrage Houses in the Fen Countreys As for the Government of this Countrey it is still reckoned a distinct Kingdom from that of Denmark and had formerly Independant Kings of its own who sometimes domineer'd over the very Kings of Sweden and Denmark But the last King of the Norwegian Race who Reigned in their Kingdom was Haguin who in the year 1363 Married Margaret Eldest Daughter of Waldemar the third King of Denmark and so united the two Crowns Now tho this King had only one Son by Queen Margaret who died without Issue yet the Danes having once got footing in and possession of this Kingdom were resolved not to abandon such an advantage nor part from their Station and to secure it immediately clapt strong Garrisons into all the Cities and Fortresses of moment in the Nation For the better Management of the Government it is divided into five Prefectures answerable to the five Castles which command them Now 1. The Prefecture of Masterland or Maestrandt is situated most towards the South and is commanded by the Castle of Bahuy's now in the hands of the King of Sweden That Castle was first Built by Haguin the IV. King of Norway about the year 1309 upon a steep Rock on the Bank of the River Srollet and then esteem'd the best Fort the King had in his Dominions and a sufficient Barrier against the frequent Attacks and Inroads of the Swedes and Westro-Goths Besides the City of Maestrandt noted for the infinite quantity of Herrings caught thereabout there 's two more of less note Congal and Oldawalt The 2. Prefecture contains the Bishopricks of Anslo and Staffenger with the Province of Aggerhuys having under its Command first the Towns of Anslo Opslo or Asloia possess of most repute as being an Episcopal See and the place where the Courts of Judicature are kept for all Norway All Causes and Suits at Law being heard and determined before the Governour who acts as Vice Roy of the Kingdom The Cathedral of this Town is dedicated to Alward who took great pains to Convert the Norwegian Pagans This Church has to show the Sword of Haquin one of their most Primitive Kings being a signal Instance and Proof of the Strength and admirable Art of some Norwegians of former Ages The Hilt of it is made of Chrystal curiously wrought and polished whence some have inferred that the use of Chrystal was anciently much more ordinary in Norway than it is at this day in any part of Europe Not far from Opslo on the opposite side of the Bay stands the Castle of Aggerhuysen famous for the brave resistance it made the Swedish Army in the Year 1567 which laid a close and brisk Seige to it for Eighteen Weeks together but was at last beat off and forced to a shameful Retreat Tonsberg formerly a place of Retreat of the Kings of Norway Hammer in former times a Bishops See but now united to that of Opslo Some Authors do affirm that near unto Hammer a huge and monstrous Serpent doth constantly appear before any great Change in the State or Government of the Kingdom of Norway Saltzburg Frederikstadt and Scheene driving all a considerable Trade from the Copper and Iron Mines which abound more hereabouts than in any other part of the Kingdom In this Province were the Silver Mines above-mentioned first discovered and some of the adjoyning Hills are by the Neighbourhood to this day called Silver Bergen or the Mountains of Silver Now Norway is indebted for the greatest part if not all its Trade to those Mines and the mighty Woods of Fir and Pinetrees which overspread this part of the Country The City of Staffenger lies in 59 deg some reckon 60 and a great many odd min. of Latitude being seated upon a Demy-Island upon a great Bay of the Northern Ocean full of small Islands and guarded by the strong Castle of Doeswick which stands about two English Miles from the Town this City is a Bishops See and is divided into several Districts tho in civil Affairs it is under the Jurisdiction of the Governour of Aggerhuysen Beyond the Bay is seen the Island Schutenes Twelve English Miles in length but scarce two in breadth This Island contains several Villages and between it and the Continent runs a narrow Frith to Berghen which the Dutch Merchants call the Liedt van Berghen The Province of Tillemarch or Thylemarch appertaineth to the Bishoprick of Staffenger The Parish or Hollen in this Parish is very remarkable for a Church-Yard or Burying Place on the top of a Church Dedicated to St. Michael which is cut out of a great high Rock called by the Neighbourhood Vear upon the Lake Nordsce half a Mile distant from Scheen 't is thought by some to have been formerla a Heathenish Temple but converted to Christian uses upon the first planting of the Gospel in this Kingdom Bergenhuis is the third Castle of Command in Norway This Prefecture and Bishoprick being the most fruitful and pleasant part of all Norway lying in the middle or heart of the Kingdom to the North of Aggerhuysen It has its Name from the Stately and Noble Mart Town of Berghen or else from the strong Castle of Bergenhuysen the usual Seat of the Vice-Roy of Norway at a small distance to the North of Berghen Berghen is the Granary and Magazine of the whole Kingdom of Norway for Bahuys it is distant about Fourty hundred English Miles by Sea and Two hundred and forty by Land from Trunthein as many from Scagen the outmost Promontory of Juis Island almost Three hundred and twenty Some Etymologists have derived its Name from the Norwegian Verb Berghen which signifies to hide or conceal because the Haven being surrounded with Hills seems to be a kind of Sculking place for Ships where Vessels of Two hundred Tun and upwards ride in a spacious and most secure Harbour free from any danger of Wind and Weather But the true derivation of the word is this Berghen in the Norwegian Tongues also signifies Mountains and Bergenhuysen a Company of Houses among the Hills The Buildings of this Town till